51
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Garnett HM. The effect of arginine deprivation on the cytopathogenic effect and replication of human cytomegalovirus. Arch Virol 1975; 48:131-45. [PMID: 167690 DOI: 10.1007/bf01318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is necessary for the development of the cytopathogenic effect of human cytomegalovirus in human embryonic fibroblasts. It is also required, though in greater concentrations, for the production of infective virions, the requirement being at an early stage of replication. Inhibitor studies suggested that this block in replication caused by arginine deficiency was prior to the formation of viral DNA. Withdrawal of arginine from the medium 24 or 48 hours after infection resulted in a decline in virus production indicating that the continued presence of the amino acid is necessary for constant virus production. Infected cultures deprived of arginine could be stimulated to produce cytopathic effects and infective virions by replacement of the amino acid even eight days after inoculation, demonstrating that the information for cytomegalovirus replication remains intact within the cell. This establishment of latency in vitro may be related to the ability of the virus to establish a similar state in vivo.
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52
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Ito Y, Kimura Y, Nagata I, Kunii A. Effects of L-glutamine deprivation on growth of HVJ (Sendai virus) in BHK cells. J Virol 1974; 13:557-66. [PMID: 4362861 PMCID: PMC355338 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.13.3.557-566.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Glutamine requirement for viral maturation was found in BHK-HVJ cells, a cell line of baby hamster kidney cells persistently infected with HVJ (Sendai virus). Synthesis of envelope protein in BHK-HVJ cells was markedly suppressed by deprivation of l-glutamine, whereas development of nucleocapsid (S) antigen was less affected. More detailed examination of this phenomenon was carried out by using a cytolytic system. Growth of HVJ in BHK cells cultured in media deprived of various amino acids was investigated, and omission of l-glutamine from culture medium resulted in a marked inhibitory effect on the release of infectious virus and synthesis of envelope protein, although synthesis of virus-specific RNA and nucleocapsid antigen in the cells was readily detected. When l-glutamine was restored to the culture medium, infectious virus and envelope protein could be detected. l-Glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, or l-alanine could be substituted for l-glutamine. Effects of l-glutamine deprivation on HVJ growth in several other cells were also investigated. The growth of HVJ in the cells other than BHK and FL cells was not suppressed by lack of l-glutamine. Growth of Sindbis virus in BHK cells was also markedly retarded in the absence of l-glutamine.
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53
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Mikami T, Onuma M, Hayashi TT. Membrane antigens in arginine-deprived cultues infected with Marek's disease herpesvirus. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 246:211-2. [PMID: 4519604 DOI: 10.1038/newbio246211a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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55
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Romano N, Scarlata G. Amino acids requirements of measles virus in HeLa cells. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1973; 43:359-66. [PMID: 4788152 DOI: 10.1007/bf01556153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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56
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57
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Chantler JK, Stevely WS. Virus-induced proteins in pseudorabies-infected cells. I. Acid-extractable proteins of the nucleus. J Virol 1973; 11:815-22. [PMID: 4351456 PMCID: PMC355187 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.11.6.815-822.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three basic proteins have been identified in chromatin preparations from pseudorabies virus-infected cells. They appear to be virus specified and are similar in size and charge to host histones; one difference however is that they contain tryptophan. All are produced by 3 h postinfection, and two (IP II and III) seem to be arginine rich. Three similar proteins are also found in herpes simplex MP 17-infected cells, and two of these co-electrophorese with two of the pseudorabies proteins. Partially purified preparations of pseudorabies virus contain low amounts of all three proteins.
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58
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Slack PM, Taylor-Robinson D. The influence of mycoplasmas on the cytopathic effect of varicella virus. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1973; 42:88-95. [PMID: 4356124 DOI: 10.1007/bf01250510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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59
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Iinuma M, Maeno K, Matsumoto T. Studies on the assembly of Newcastle disease virus: an arginine-dependent step in virus replication. Virology 1973; 51:205-15. [PMID: 4567742 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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60
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DePauli FJ, Sabina LR. Studies of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. 3. Amino acid requirements for viral replication. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1972; 36:380-90. [PMID: 4336498 DOI: 10.1007/bf01249869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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61
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Winters AL, Consigli RA, Rogers QR. A non-functional arginine biosynthetic pathway in polyoma infected-mouse embryo cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 47:1044-50. [PMID: 4337743 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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62
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Rouse HC, Schlesinger RW. The effects of arginine starvation on macromolecular synthesis in infection with type 2 adenovirus. I. Synthesis and utilization of structural proteins. Virology 1972; 48:463-71. [PMID: 4337030 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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63
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Levine S, Buthala DA, Hamilton RD. Late stage synchronization of respiratory syncytial virus replication. Virology 1971; 45:390-400. [PMID: 4106351 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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64
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Prage L, Pettersson U. Structural proteins of adenoviruses. VII. Purification and properties of an arginine-rich core protein from adenovirus type 2 and type 3. Virology 1971; 45:364-73. [PMID: 4999472 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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65
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Mark GE, Kaplan AS. Synthesis of proteins in cells infected with herpesvirus. VII. Lack of migration of structural viral proteins to the nucleus of arginine-deprived cells. Virology 1971; 45:53-60. [PMID: 5165253 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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66
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67
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Olshevsky U, Becker Y. Synthesis of herpes simplex virus structural proteins in arginine deprived cells. Nature 1970; 226:851-3. [PMID: 4315498 DOI: 10.1038/226851a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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68
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Raska K, Frohwirth DH, Schlesinger RW. Transfer ribonucleic acid in KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2. J Virol 1970; 5:464-9. [PMID: 5452503 PMCID: PMC376028 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.5.4.464-469.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) extracted from control and type 2 adenovirus (Ad2)-infected KB cells were compared. No consistent differences in acceptor activity for 11 amino acids were observed. Comparison of methylated albumin-kieselguhr (MAK) elution profiles of arginyl-tRNA from control and infected cells revealed a minor modification in that the proportion of arginyl-tRNA eluting at high salt concentration was somewhat greater in infected cells. No similar differences were observed in MAK elution profiles of aspartyl-, isoleucyl-, leucyl-, phenylalanyl-, seryl-, tyrosyl-, and valyl-tRNA. Hybridization of 4S RNA from infected cells labeled by incorporation of (3)H-uridine with Ad2 deoxyribonucleic acid revealed the presence of a complementary species of RNA in this preparation. Hybridization of (3)H-arginyl-tRNA and of (3)H-aminoacyl-tRNA labeled by charging with (3)H-arginine or a (3)H-mixture of amino acids, respectively, failed to detect the presence of virus-specific tRNA in Ad2-infected cells.
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69
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Romano N, Brancato P. Inhibition of growth of measles virus by mycoplasma in cell-cultures and the restoring effect of arginine. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1970; 29:39-43. [PMID: 4989119 DOI: 10.1007/bf01253878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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70
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Courtney RJ, McCombs RM, Benyesh-Melnick M. Antigens specified by herpesviruses. I. Effect of arginine deprivation on antigen synthesis. Virology 1970; 40:379-86. [PMID: 4314871 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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71
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Spring SB, Roizman B, Spear PG. Selective failure of protein synthesis in herpesvirus-infected cells deprived of arginine. Virology 1969; 38:710-2. [PMID: 4308568 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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72
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Stevens JG, Kado-Boll GJ, Haven CB. Changes in nuclear basic proteins during pseudorabies virus infection. J Virol 1969; 3:490-7. [PMID: 5786178 PMCID: PMC375799 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.3.5.490-497.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a preliminary study to investigation of the possible role played by basic proteins in the genetic regulation of virus-infected cells, acid-extractable proteins synthesized during pseudorabies virus infection were investigated. The synthesis of histones was found to decrease in a gradual manner, and arrest was complete by 6 hr after infection. Five virus-induced acid-extractable proteins appeared in nuclei of infected cells after 4 hr of infection. Four of these proteins were virus structural proteins; one was not. All these proteins contained tryptophan and, therefore, were not "classic" histones.
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73
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Klein G, Pearson G, Nadkarni JS, Nadkarni JJ, Klein E, Henle G, Henle W, Clifford P. Relation between Epstein-Barr viral and cell membrane immunofluorescence of Burkitt tumor cells. I. Dependence of cell membrane immunofluorescence on presence of EB virus. J Exp Med 1968; 128:1011-20. [PMID: 4878906 PMCID: PMC2138555 DOI: 10.1084/jem.128.5.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparison was made of the immunofluorescence tests for detection of cell membrane and Epstein-Barr virus antigens in cells from Burkitt tumor biopsies or continuous cultures derived therefrom. On the whole, cell membrane fluorescence in established lines appeared to depend not only upon the presence of EBV but to a considerable degree also upon the extent of the persistent viral infection. There was no constant relationship, however, between the results of the two tests and exceptions to the rule were noted. These observations indicate that different antigens are involved in the two tests. Biopsy cells in general and young cultures may reveal strong MIF activity but few, if any, EBV-positive cells. The reverse, the presence of relatively large numbers of EBV antigen-containing cells in the absence of significant MIF reactions, was also noted on occasion in a few established cultures. The possible interpretations of these findings have been discussed.
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74
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75
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Henle W, Henle G. Effect of arginine-deficient media on the herpes-type virus associated with cultured Burkitt tumor cells. J Virol 1968; 2:182-91. [PMID: 4316020 PMCID: PMC375599 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.2.3.182-191.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After incubation at 37 C for 2 or more days, Basal Medium Eagle (BME) supplemented with 25% fetal calf serum (FCS) was not able to support adequate growth of EB3 and other lines of Burkitt tumor cells. The medium did, however, increase, by a factor of about 10, the number of cells synthesizing herpes-type virus with which the cultures were persistently infected. Not every lot of FCS produced these effects, nor were these effects seen when BME and FCS were incubated separately for 7 days before the medium was completed. At 37 C, appropriate lots of FCS interacted with several of the amino acids present in BME; this interaction resulted in an inhibition of cellular growth, whereas interaction with arginine yielded the virus-enhancing effect. Arginine-free BME, supplemented with 25% FCS and used without prior incubation, prevented cellular replication and promoted viral infection to a similar extent as did preincubated complete medium. Replenishment of arginine reduced, but did not regularly abolish, the virus-enhancing activity of preincubated media. RPMI-1629 medium was less affected by preincubation with FCS because it contained twice the amount of arginine that BME contained. The FCS factors which act upon arginine and other amino acids are not dialyzable and are partially resistant to heating at 56 or 60 C for 30 to 60 min. Calf and horse sera appear to be devoid of these activities. The nature of these interactions, as well as the mechanism by which arginine deficiency enhanced the viral infection, remains to be ascertained.
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76
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Roizman B, Spring SB, Roane PR. Cellular compartmentalization of herpesvirus antigens during viral replication. J Virol 1967; 1:181-92. [PMID: 4195925 PMCID: PMC375518 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.1.181-192.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HEp-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus develop five distinct immunofluorescent elements. Three (small nuclear granules, large nuclear granules, and an amorphous mass filling the nucleus) contain antigens which react with a rabbit serum prepared against boiled infected cell debris. A labeled pool of human antibody revealed antigens making up cytoplasmic granules and those responsible for a diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence. All five immunofluorescent elements are demonstrable with a rabbit serum prepared against unheated infected cell debris. Viral antigens are segregated in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm; within the limits of detection, each antigen accumulates in one compartment only. The antigens responsible for the diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence and for the amorphous nuclear mass are synthesized early in infection; they are formed in arginine-deprived cells and exist in a form which does not sediment on centrifugation at 79,000 x g for 2 hr. The antigens comprising the nuclear and cytoplasmic granules arise relatively late in infection; they are not formed in arginine-deprived cells, and they are readily sedimented on centrifugation at 79,000 x g for 2 hr. Heating (60 C for 2 hr) confers on one or more cytoplasmic viral antigens a new specificity; the altered antigens are demonstrable with labeled rabbit anti-boiled infected cell serum which normally does not combine with cytoplasmic antigens.
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77
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Yazaki S, Taniguchi S, Yoshino K. Improvement of the plaque assay of herpes simplex virus in HeLa cells. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1966; 10:133-9. [PMID: 4290962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1966.tb00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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78
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Roizman B, Borman GS, Rousta MK. Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. Nature 1965; 206:1374-5. [PMID: 4284477 DOI: 10.1038/2061374a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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