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Huang Y, Karuna S, Carpp LN, Reeves D, Pegu A, Seaton K, Mayer K, Schiffer J, Mascola J, Gilbert PB. Modeling cumulative overall prevention efficacy for the VRC01 phase 2b efficacy trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2116-2127. [PMID: 29683765 PMCID: PMC6183277 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1462640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antibody Mediated Prevention trials are assessing whether intravenously-administered VRC01 (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg vs placebo) can prevent HIV infection. In a modeling exercise, we used two models to predict the overall prevention efficacy (PE) of each VRC01 dose in preventing HIV infection. For the first per-exposure PE model, parameters were estimated from studies where nonhuman primates (NHPs) were administered high-dose intra-rectal simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge two days post-VRC01 infusion at various dosages ("NHP model"). To account for the fact that humans may require greater VRC01 concentration to achieve the same level of protection, we next assumed that a 5-fold greater VRC01 serum concentration would be needed to provide the same level of per-exposure PE as seen in the NHP data ("5-fold model"). For the 10 mg/kg regimen, the 5-fold and NHP models predict an overall PE of 37% and 64%, respectively; for the 30 mg/kg regimen, the two models predict an overall PE of 53% and 82%, respectively. Our results support that VRC01 may plausibly confer positive PE in the AMP trials. Given the lack of available knowledge and data to verify the assumptions undergirding our modeling framework, its quantitative predictions of overall PE are preliminary. Its current main applications are to supplement decisions to advance mAb regimens to efficacy trials, and to enable mAb regimen ranking by their potential for PE in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Shelly Karuna
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Daniel Reeves
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- c National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kelly Seaton
- d Department of Medicine , Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- e Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f The Fenway Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joshua Schiffer
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,g Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - John Mascola
- c National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,h Department of Biostatistics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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A single injection of crystallizable fragment domain-modified antibodies elicits durable protection from SHIV infection. Nat Med 2018; 24:610-616. [PMID: 29662199 PMCID: PMC5989326 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective and safe vaccine against HIV-1, the administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represents a logical alternative approach to prevent virus transmission. Here, we introduced two mutations encoding amino acid substitutions (M428L and N434S, collectively referred to as ‘LS’) into the genes encoding the crystallizable fragment domains of the highly potent HIV-specific 3BNC117 and 10-1074 bNAbs to increase their half-lives and evaluated their efficacy in blocking infection following repeated low-dose mucosal challenges of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with the tier 2 SHIVAD8-EO. A single intravenous infusion of 10-1074-LS monoclonal antibodies markedly delayed virus acquisition for 18 to 37 weeks (median, 27 weeks), whereas the protective effect of the 3BNC117-LS bNAb was more modest (provided protection for 11–23 weeks; median, 17 weeks). Serum concentrations of the 10-1074-LS monoclonal antibody gradually declined and became undetectable in all recipients between weeks 26 and 41, whereas the 3BNC117-LS bNAb exhibited a shorter half-life. To model immunoprophylaxis against genetically diverse and/or neutralization-resistant HIV-1 strains, a combination of the 3BNC117-LS plus 10-1074-LS monoclonal antibodies was injected into macaques via the more clinically relevant subcutaneous route. Even though the administered mixture contained an amount of each bNAb that was nearly threefold less than the quantity of the single monoclonal antibody in the intravenous injections, the monoclonal antibody combination still protected macaques for a median of 20 weeks. The extended period of protection observed in macaques for the 3BNC117-LS plus 10-1074-LS combination could translate into an effective semiannual or annual immunoprophylaxis regimen for preventing HIV-1 infections in humans. Long-lived antibodies that can prevent viral infection of monkeys for 6 months may be a future alternative to an HIV vaccine.
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Immunogenicity of NYVAC Prime-Protein Boost Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Vaccination and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge of Nonhuman Primates. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02035-17. [PMID: 29437967 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02035-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is an essential part of the strategy to eradicate AIDS. A critical question is whether antibodies that do not neutralize primary isolate (tier 2) HIV-1 strains can protect from infection. In this study, we investigated the ability of an attenuated poxvirus vector (NYVAC) prime-envelope gp120 boost to elicit potentially protective antibody responses in a rhesus macaque model of mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. NYVAC vector delivery of a group M consensus envelope, trivalent mosaic envelopes, or a natural clade B isolate B.1059 envelope elicited antibodies that mediated neutralization of tier 1 viruses, cellular cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis. None of the macaques made neutralizing antibodies against the tier 2 SHIV SF162P3 used for mucosal challenge. Significant protection from infection was not observed for the three groups of vaccinated macaques compared to unvaccinated macaques, although binding antibody to HIV-1 Env correlated with decreased viremia after challenge. Thus, NYVAC Env prime-gp120 boost vaccination elicited polyfunctional, nonneutralizing antibody responses with minimal protective activity against tier 2 SHIV mucosal challenge.IMPORTANCE The antibody responses that confer protection against HIV-1 infection remain unknown. Polyfunctional antibody responses correlated with time to infection in previous macaque studies. Determining the ability of vaccines to induce these types of responses is critical for understanding how to improve upon the one efficacious human HIV-1 vaccine trial completed thus far. We characterized the antibody responses induced by a NYVAC-protein vaccine and determined the protective capacity of polyfunctional antibody responses in an R5, tier 2 mucosal SHIV infection model.
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54
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Wagh K, Seaman MS, Zingg M, Fitzsimons T, Barouch DH, Burton DR, Connors M, Ho DD, Mascola JR, Nussenzweig MC, Ravetch J, Gautam R, Martin MA, Montefiori DC, Korber B. Potential of conventional & bispecific broadly neutralizing antibodies for prevention of HIV-1 subtype A, C & D infections. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006860. [PMID: 29505593 PMCID: PMC5854441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in passive transfer of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and engineered bispecific antibodies (Abs) for prevention of HIV-1 infections due to their in vitro neutralization breadth and potency against global isolates and long in vivo half-lives. We compared the potential of eight bnAbs and two bispecific Abs currently under clinical development, and their 2 Ab combinations, to prevent infection by dominant HIV-1 subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa. Using in vitro neutralization data for Abs against 25 subtype A, 100 C, and 20 D pseudoviruses, we modeled neutralization by single Abs and 2 Ab combinations assuming realistic target concentrations of 10μg/ml total for bnAbs and combinations, and 5μg/ml for bispecifics. We used IC80 breadth-potency, completeness of neutralization, and simultaneous coverage by both Abs in the combination as metrics to characterize prevention potential. Additionally, we predicted in vivo protection by Abs and combinations by modeling protection as a function of in vitro neutralization based on data from a macaque simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge study. Our model suggests that nearly complete neutralization of a given virus is needed for in vivo protection (~98% neutralization for 50% relative protection). Using the above metrics, we found that bnAb combinations should outperform single bnAbs, as expected; however, different combinations are optimal for different subtypes. Remarkably, a single bispecific 10E8-iMAb, which targets HIV Env and host-cell CD4, outperformed all combinations of two conventional bnAbs, with 95-97% predicted relative protection across subtypes. Combinations that included 10E8-iMAb substantially improved protection over use of 10E8-iMAb alone. Our results highlight the promise of 10E8-iMAb and its combinations to prevent HIV-1 infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States of America
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BK); (KW)
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology & Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marshall Zingg
- Center for Virology & Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Tomas Fitzsimons
- Center for Virology & Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology & Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,United States of America
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insitutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
| | - Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States of America
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BK); (KW)
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Nandagopal P, Bhattacharya J, Srikrishnan AK, Goyal R, Ravichandran Swathirajan C, Patil S, Saravanan S, Deshpande S, Vignesh R, Solomon SS, Singla N, Mukherjee J, Murugavel KG. Broad neutralization response in a subset of HIV-1 subtype C-infected viraemic non-progressors from southern India. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:379-392. [PMID: 29458681 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been considered to be potent therapeutic tools and potential vaccine candidates to enable protection against various clades of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The generation of bnAbs has been associated with enhanced exposure to antigen, high viral load and low CD4+ T cell counts, among other factors. However, only limited data are available on the generation of bnAbs in viraemic non-progressors that demonstrate moderate to high viraemia. Further, since HIV-1 subtype C viruses account for more than 50 % of global HIV infections, the identification of bnAbs with novel specificities is crucial to enable the development of potent tools to aid in HIV therapy and prevention. In the present study, we analysed and compared the neutralization potential of responses in 70 plasma samples isolated from ART-naïve HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals with various disease progression profiles against a panel of 30 pseudoviruses. Among the seven samples that exhibited a neutralization breadth of ≥70 %, four were identified as 'elite neutralizers', and three of these were from viraemic non-progressors while the fourth was from a typical progressor. Analysis of the neutralization specificities revealed that none of the four elite neutralizers were reactive to epitopes in the membrane proximal external region (MPER), CD4-binding site and V1V2 or V3 glycan. However, two of the four elite neutralizers exhibited enhanced sensitivity towards viruses lacking N332 glycan, indicating high neutralization potency. Overall, our findings indicate that the identification of potent neutralization responses with distinct epitope specificities is possible from the as yet unexplored Indian population, which has a high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- HIV Vaccine Translational Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Rajat Goyal
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shilpa Patil
- HIV Vaccine Translational Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Suprit Deshpande
- HIV Vaccine Translational Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Ramachandran Vignesh
- YRG Center for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India.,Laboratory-based Department, UniKL-Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL-RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Greentown, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Suhas Solomon
- YRG Center for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Singla
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New Delhi, India
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Hessell AJ, Malherbe DC, Haigwood NL. Passive and active antibody studies in primates to inform HIV vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:127-144. [PMID: 29307225 PMCID: PMC6587971 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1425619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention of infection remains the ultimate goal for HIV vaccination, and there is compelling evidence that antibodies directed to Envelope are necessary to block infection. Generating antibodies that are sufficiently broad, potent, and sustained to block infection by the diverse HIV-1 strains circulating worldwide remains an area of intense study. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have summarized progress from publications listed as PubMed citations in 2016-17 in the areas of passive antibody studies using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates, HIV Envelope vaccine development and active vaccination studies to generate potent neutralizing antibodies. EXPERT COMMENTARY Passive transfer studies in nonhuman primates using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have informed the potency, specificity, and cooperativity of antibodies needed to prevent infection, leading to clinical studies now testing potent antibodies for prevention of HIV. Progress in understanding the structure of Envelope has led to novel vaccine constructs, including mimetics, scaffolds and native-like proteins. As yet, no single approach ensures protection against the circulating global HIV-1 strains, but there is progress in understanding why, and intense research continues in these and other areas for a solution. We offer perspectives on how this knowledge may shape the design of future HIV vaccines.
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57
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Abstract
Antibodies have been used for over a century prophylactically and, less often, therapeutically against viruses. 'Super-antibodies' — a new generation of highly potent and/or broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies — offer new opportunities for prophylaxis and therapy of viral infections. Super-antibodies are typically generated infrequently and/or in a limited number of individuals during natural infections. Isolation of these antibodies has primarily been achieved by large-scale screening for suitable donors and new single B cell approaches to human monoclonal antibody generation. Super-antibodies may offer the possibility of treating multiple viruses of a given family with a single reagent. They are also valuable templates for rational vaccine design. The great potency of super-antibodies has many advantages for practical development as therapeutic reagents. These advantages can be enhanced by a variety of antibody engineering technologies.
So-called super-antibodies are highly potent, broadly reactive antiviral antibodies that offer promise for the treatment of various chronic and emerging viruses. This Review describes how recent technological advances led to their isolation from rare, infected individuals and their development for the prevention and treatment of various viral infections. Antibodies have been used for more than 100 years in the therapy of infectious diseases, but a new generation of highly potent and/or broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (sometimes referred to as 'super-antibodies') offers new opportunities for intervention. The isolation of these antibodies, most of which are rarely induced in human infections, has primarily been achieved by large-scale screening for suitable donors and new single B cell approaches to human monoclonal antibody generation. Engineering the antibodies to improve half-life and effector functions has further augmented their in vivo activity in some cases. Super-antibodies offer promise for the prophylaxis and therapy of infections with a range of viruses, including those that are highly antigenically variable and those that are newly emerging or that have pandemic potential. The next few years will be decisive in the realization of the promise of super-antibodies.
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58
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Serwanga J, Ssemwanga D, Muganga M, Nakiboneka R, Nakubulwa S, Kiwuwa-Muyingo S, Morris L, Redd AD, Quinn TC, Kaleebu P. HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Vaccine 2017; 36:578-586. [PMID: 29274699 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superinfection of individuals already infected with HIV-1 suggests that pre-existing immune responses may not adequately protect against re-infection. We assessed high-risk female sex workers initially infected with HIV-1 clades A, D or A/D recombinants, to determine if HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies were lacking prior to superinfection. METHODS Six superinfected female sex workers previously stratified by HIV-1 high-risk behavior, infecting virus clade and volunteer CD4 counts were evaluated at baseline (n = 5) and at 350 days post-superinfection (n = 6); one superinfected volunteer lacked pre-superinfection plasma. Retrospective plasmas were assessed for neutralization of a multi-clade panel of 12 HIV-1 viruses before superinfection, and then at quarterly intervals thereafter. Similarly stratified singly infected female sex workers were correspondingly assessed at baseline (n = 19) and 350 days after superinfection (n = 24). Neutralization of at least 50% of the 12 viruses (broad neutralization), and geometric means of the neutralization titers (IC50) were compared before and after superinfection; and were correlated with the volunteer HIV-1 superinfection status, CD4 counts, and pseudovirus clade. RESULTS Preexisting broad neutralization occurred in 80% (4/5) of the superinfected subjects with no further broadening by 350 days after superinfection. In one of the five subjects, HIV-1 superinfection occurred when broad neutralization was lacking; with subsequent broadening of neutralizing antibodies occuring within 9 months and plateauing by 30 months after detection of superinfection. Clade B and C pseudoviruses were more sensitive to neutralization (13; [87%]); and (12; [80%]) than the locally circulating clades A (10; [67%]) and D (6; [40%]), respectively (p = 0.025). Low antibody titers correlated with clade D viruses and with >500 CD4 T cell counts, but not with the superinfection status. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that HIV-1 superinfection can occur both in the presence, and in the absence of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Serwanga
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Deogratius Ssemwanga
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Michael Muganga
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ritah Nakiboneka
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Susan Nakubulwa
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sylvia Kiwuwa-Muyingo
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, London, UK
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59
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Increasing the Clinical Potential and Applications of Anti-HIV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29234320 PMCID: PMC5712301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early human clinical studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to prevent and treat HIV infection support the clinical utility and potential of bNAbs for prevention, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment of acute and chronic infection. Observed and potential limitations of bNAbs from these recent studies include the selection of resistant viral populations, immunogenicity resulting in the development of antidrug (Ab) responses, and the potentially toxic elimination of reservoir cells in regeneration-limited tissues. Here, we review opportunities to improve the clinical utility of HIV Abs to address these challenges and further accomplish functional targets for anti-HIV Ab therapy at various stages of exposure/infection. Before exposure, bNAbs' ability to serve as prophylaxis by neutralization may be improved by increasing serum half-life to necessitate less frequent administration, delivering genes for durable in vivo expression, and targeting bNAbs to sites of exposure. After exposure and/or in the setting of acute infection, bNAb use to prevent/reduce viral reservoir establishment and spread may be enhanced by increasing the potency with which autologous adaptive immune responses are stimulated, clearing acutely infected cells, and preventing cell-cell transmission of virus. In the setting of chronic infection, bNAbs may better mediate viral remission or "cure" in combination with antiretroviral therapy and/or latency reversing agents, by targeting additional markers of tissue reservoirs or infected cell types, or by serving as targeting moieties in engineered cell therapy. While the clinical use of HIV Abs has never been closer, remaining studies to precisely define, model, and understand the complex roles and dynamics of HIV Abs and viral evolution in the context of the human immune system and anatomical compartmentalization will be critical to both optimize their clinical use in combination with existing agents and define further strategies with which to enhance their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K. Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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60
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Kulp DW, Steichen JM, Pauthner M, Hu X, Schiffner T, Liguori A, Cottrell CA, Havenar-Daughton C, Ozorowski G, Georgeson E, Kalyuzhniy O, Willis JR, Kubitz M, Adachi Y, Reiss SM, Shin M, de Val N, Ward AB, Crotty S, Burton DR, Schief WR. Structure-based design of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers to silence non-neutralizing epitopes and eliminate CD4 binding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29162799 PMCID: PMC5698488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a primary HIV vaccine goal. Native-like trimers mimicking virion-associated spikes present nearly all bnAb epitopes and are therefore promising vaccine antigens. However, first generation native-like trimers expose epitopes for non-neutralizing antibodies (non-nAbs), which may hinder bnAb induction. We here employ computational and structure-guided design to develop improved native-like trimers that reduce exposure of non-nAb epitopes in the V3-loop and trimer base, minimize both CD4 reactivity and CD4-induced non-nAb epitope exposure, and increase thermal stability while maintaining bnAb antigenicity. In rabbit immunizations with native-like trimers of the 327c isolate, improved trimers suppress elicitation of V3-directed and tier-1 neutralizing antibodies and induce robust autologous tier-2 neutralization, unlike a first-generation trimer. The improved native-like trimers from diverse HIV isolates, and the design methods, have promise to assist in the development of a HIV vaccine. Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a primary HIV vaccine goal, but available immunogens expose epitopes for development of non-nAbs. Here, the authors use computational and structure-guided design to develop improved native-like envelope trimers and analyze Ab response in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kulp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Vaccine and Immune Therapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Matthias Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Colin Havenar-Daughton
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Samantha M Reiss
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mia Shin
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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61
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Mayer KH, Seaton KE, Huang Y, Grunenberg N, Isaacs A, Allen M, Ledgerwood JE, Frank I, Sobieszczyk ME, Baden LR, Rodriguez B, Van Tieu H, Tomaras GD, Deal A, Goodman D, Bailer RT, Ferrari G, Jensen R, Hural J, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Corey L, Montefiori DC. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunological activities of multiple intravenous or subcutaneous doses of an anti-HIV monoclonal antibody, VRC01, administered to HIV-uninfected adults: Results of a phase 1 randomized trial. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002435. [PMID: 29136037 PMCID: PMC5685476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VRC01 is an HIV-1 CD4 binding site broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) that is active against a broad range of HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro and protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) when delivered parenterally to nonhuman primates. It has been shown to be safe and well tolerated after short-term administration in humans; however, its clinical and functional activity after longer-term administration has not been previously assessed. METHODS AND FINDINGS HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 104 was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple doses of VRC01 administered either subcutaneously or by intravenous (IV) infusion and to assess the pharmacokinetics and in vitro immunologic activity of the different dosing regimens. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the effect that the human body has on the functional activities of VRC01 as measured by several in vitro assays. Eighty-eight healthy, HIV-uninfected, low-risk participants were enrolled in 6 United States clinical research sites affiliated with the HVTN between September 9, 2014, and July 15, 2015. The median age of enrollees was 27 years (range, 18-50); 52% were White (non-Hispanic), 25% identified as Black (non-Hispanic), 11% were Hispanic, and 11% were non-Hispanic people of diverse origins. Participants were randomized to receive the following: a 40 mg/kg IV VRC01 loading dose followed by five 20 mg/kg IV VRC01 doses every 4 weeks (treatment group 1 [T1], n = 20); eleven 5 mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) VRC01 (treatment group 3 [T3], n = 20); placebo (placebo group 3 [P3], n = 4) doses every 2 weeks; or three 40 mg/kg IV VRC01 doses every 8 weeks (treatment group 2 [T2], n = 20). Treatment groups T4 and T5 (n = 12 each) received three 10 or 30 mg/kg IV VRC01 doses every 8 weeks, respectively. Participants were followed for 32 weeks after their first VRC01 administration and received a total of 249 IV infusions and 208 SC injections, with no serious adverse events, dose-limiting toxicities, nor evidence for anti-VRC01 antibodies observed. Serum VRC01 levels were detected through 12 weeks after final administration in all participants who received all scheduled doses. Mean peak serum VRC01 levels of 1,177 μg/ml (95% CI: 1,033, 1,340) and 420 μg/ml (95% CI: 356, 494) were achieved 1 hour after the IV infusion series of 30 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses, respectively. Mean trough levels at week 24 in the IV infusion series of 30 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses, respectively, were 16 μg/ml (95% CI: 10, 27) and 6 μg/ml (95% CI: 5, 9) levels, which neutralize a majority of circulating strains in vitro (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] > 5 μg/ml). Post-infusion/injection serum VRC01 retained expected functional activity (virus neutralization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and virion capture). The limitations of this study include the relatively small sample size of each VRC01 administration regimen and missing data from participants who were unable to complete all study visits. CONCLUSIONS VRC01 administered as either an IV infusion (10-40 mg/kg) given monthly or bimonthly, or as an SC injection (5 mg/kg) every 2 weeks, was found to be safe and well tolerated. In addition to maintaining drug concentrations consistent with neutralization of the majority of tested HIV strains, VRC01 concentrations from participants' sera were found to avidly capture HIV virions and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, suggesting a range of anti-HIV immunological activities, warranting further clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02165267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Mayer
- Fenway Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly E. Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Abby Isaacs
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mary Allen
- Division of AIDS, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Hong Van Tieu
- New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aaron Deal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan Jensen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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62
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Xu L, Pegu A, Rao E, Doria-Rose N, Beninga J, McKee K, Lord DM, Wei RR, Deng G, Louder M, Schmidt SD, Mankoff Z, Wu L, Asokan M, Beil C, Lange C, Leuschner WD, Kruip J, Sendak R, Kwon YD, Zhou T, Chen X, Bailer RT, Wang K, Choe M, Tartaglia LJ, Barouch DH, O'Dell S, Todd JP, Burton DR, Roederer M, Connors M, Koup RA, Kwong PD, Yang ZY, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Trispecific broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies mediate potent SHIV protection in macaques. Science 2017; 358:85-90. [PMID: 28931639 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective AIDS vaccine has been challenging because of viral genetic diversity and the difficulty of generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We engineered trispecific antibodies (Abs) that allow a single molecule to interact with three independent HIV-1 envelope determinants: the CD4 binding site, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the V1V2 glycan site. Trispecific Abs exhibited higher potency and breadth than any previously described single bnAb, showed pharmacokinetics similar to those of human bnAbs, and conferred complete immunity against a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) in nonhuman primates, in contrast to single bnAbs. Trispecific Abs thus constitute a platform to engage multiple therapeutic targets through a single protein, and they may be applicable for treatment of diverse diseases, including infections, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dana M Lord
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ronnie R Wei
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gejing Deng
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Mankoff
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Kruip
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tartaglia
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Del Prete GQ, Keele BF, Fode J, Thummar K, Swanstrom AE, Rodriguez A, Raymond A, Estes JD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T. A single gp120 residue can affect HIV-1 tropism in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006572. [PMID: 28945790 PMCID: PMC5629034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species-dependent variation in proteins that aid or limit virus replication determines the ability of lentiviruses to jump between host species. Identifying and overcoming these differences facilitates the development of animal models for HIV-1, including models based on chimeric SIVs that express HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, (SHIVs) and simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV) strains. Here, we demonstrate that the inherently poor ability of most HIV-1 Env proteins to use macaque CD4 as a receptor is improved during adaptation by virus passage in macaques. We identify a single amino acid, A281, in HIV-1 Env that consistently changes during adaptation in macaques and affects the ability of HIV-1 Env to use macaque CD4. Importantly, mutations at A281 do not markedly affect HIV-1 Env neutralization properties. Our findings should facilitate the design of HIV-1 Env proteins for use in non-human primate models and thus expedite the development of clinically relevant reagents for testing interventions against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeannine Fode
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Adrienne E. Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alice Raymond
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Vineet N. KewalRamani
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Theodora Hatziioannou
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review recent novel approaches in HIV vaccine research and development being undertaken in the preclinical and early clinical space, as well as related and novel nonvaccine approaches such as genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies for protection from HIV infection and AIDS. RECENT FINDINGS We review novel HIV envelope immunogen design, including native trimer and germline targeting approaches as well as genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies and replicating vector vaccinesSUMMARY: Despite 30+ years of research and development, and billions of dollars spent, a well tolerated and effective HIV vaccine remains a public health priority for any chance of ending the AIDS pandemic. It has become very clear that significant investments in novel technologies, innovation, and multidisciplinary science will be necessary to accelerate progress.
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65
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Pegu A, Hessell AJ, Mascola JR, Haigwood NL. Use of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1 prevention. Immunol Rev 2017; 275:296-312. [PMID: 28133803 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have a long history in antiviral therapy, but until recently, they have not been actively pursued for HIV-1 due to modest potency and breadth of early human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and perceived insurmountable technical, financial, and logistical hurdles. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of MAbs with the ability to potently neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates have reinvigorated discussion and testing of these products in humans, since new broadly neutralizing MAbs (bnMAbs) are more likely to be effective against worldwide strains of HIV-1. In animal models, there is abundant evidence that bnMAbs can block infection in a dose-dependent manner, and the more potent bnMAbs will allow clinical testing at infusion doses that are practically achievable. Moreover, recent advances in antibody engineering are providing further improvements in MAb potency, breadth, and half-life. This review summarizes the current state of the field of bnMAb protection in animal models as well as a review of variables that are critical for antiviral activity. Several bnMAbs are currently in clinical testing, and we offer perspectives on their use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), potential benefits beyond sterilizing immunity, and a discussion of future approaches to engineer novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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66
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Abstract
Purpose of review Here we discuss recently developed HIV-1 entry inhibitors that can target multiple epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), with an emphasis on eCD4-Ig. Some of these inhibitors are more potent and broader than any single antibody characterized to date. We also discuss the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors as a platform for long-term expression of these inhibitors. Recent findings Much of the exterior of HIV-1 Env can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Recent studies combine the variable regions or Fabs from different bNAbs, often with the receptor-mimetic components, to create broad, potent, and hard-to-escape inhibitors. rAAV vectors can express these inhibitors for years in vivo, highlighting their ability to prevent or treat HIV-1 infection. Summary By targeting multiple epitopes on Env, bispecific and antibody-like inhibitors can be broader and more potent than bNAbs. These inhibitors can provide long-term protection from, and perhaps suppression of, HIV-1 if they are administered by a delivery platform, like rAAV vectors, but only after rAAV limitations are addressed.
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67
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Ledgerwood J, Grunenberg N, Bailer R, Isaacs A, Seaton K, Mayer KH, Capparelli E, Corey L, Gilbert PB. Population pharmacokinetics analysis of VRC01, an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody, in healthy adults. MAbs 2017; 9:792-800. [PMID: 28368743 PMCID: PMC5524155 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1311435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody VRC01 targets the CD4 binding site of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 envelope. In the clinical study HVTN 104 (NCT02165267), 84 HIV-uninfected adults received multiple-dose intravenous (IV) VRC01 (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg) every 4 or 8 weeks or subcutaneous (SC) VRC01 (5 mg/kg) every 2 weeks, and were followed for 32 weeks. We conducted a population pharmacokinetics (popPK) analysis based on 1117 VRC01 serum concentrations using a 2-compartment PK model with first-order elimination; for SC VRC01 a depot compartment with a first-order absorption rate constant was also included. All PK parameters were estimated with acceptable precision. Estimated bioavailability of SC VRC01 was 74%, with peak concentrations occurring 2-3 d after administration. For both IV and SC VRC01, population mean estimates for clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (Vc), inter-compartmental distribution clearance (Q) and peripheral volume of distribution (Vp) were 0.40 L/day, 1.94 L, 0.84 L/day and 4.90 L, respectively; the estimated terminal half-life was 15 d and these were independent of VRC01 dose. Body weight significantly influenced CL (1.2% fold/kg), Vc (1.0% fold/kg), Q (0.69 log(L/day)/kg) and Vp (0.82 log(L)/kg). The developed popPK model, supporting weight-dependent dosing regimens, projected positive trough levels, 5.54 (95% prediction interval: 1.69, 14.5) mcg/mL and 15.9 (5.29, 46.63) mcg/mL, respectively, for the 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg 8-weekly regimens being evaluated in ongoing HIV prevention efficacy studies of IV VRC01. These results are critical for future dose-regimen selection and modeling research to identify VRC01 serum concentration levels sufficient for protection against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Public Health Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lily Zhang
- Vaccine And Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine And Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abby Isaacs
- Vaccine And Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Larry Corey
- Vaccine And Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Public Health Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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68
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Bischof GF, Shin YC, Fuchs SP, Martinez-Navio JM, Lauer WA, Rakasz EG, Desrosiers RC. Use of a gamma-2 herpesvirus as a vector to deliver antibodies to rhesus monkeys. Gene Ther 2017; 24:487-492. [PMID: 28660888 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-2 herpesvirus of rhesus monkeys, rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), persists principally in B cells of its host. We constructed recombinant strains of RRV expressing the rhesus monkey-derived anti-SIV monoclonal antibodies 4L6 and 5L7 and compared the RRV-mediated in vivo delivery of these antibodies in rhesus monkeys with previous studies that utilized intramuscular delivery with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. Recombinant RRV-4L6 and RRV-5L7 were both shown to stably produce the antibodies in persistently infected B-cell lines in culture. Two RRV-negative rhesus monkeys were experimentally infected with recombinant RRV-4L6 and two with recombinant RRV-5L7. Following infection, the appearance of the delivered antibody was readily detected in all four animals. However, the levels of the delivered antibody were considerably lower than what has been typically observed following intramuscular AAV delivery. Furthermore, three of the four monkeys had an antibody response to the delivered antibody as had been observed previously with intramuscular AAV delivery of these same antibodies. We conclude that this recombinant herpesvirus has no inherent advantage over AAV for delivery of potentially therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a rhesus monkey model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Bischof
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y C Shin
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J M Martinez-Navio
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W A Lauer
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E G Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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69
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Rajan B, Løkka G, Koppang EO, Austbø L. Passive Immunization of Farmed Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4195-4202. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brandenberg OF, Magnus C, Rusert P, Günthard HF, Regoes RR, Trkola A. Predicting HIV-1 transmission and antibody neutralization efficacy in vivo from stoichiometric parameters. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006313. [PMID: 28472201 PMCID: PMC5417720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the HIV-1 envelope trimer to prevent HIV-1 transmission has opened new avenues for therapies and vaccines. However, their implementation remains challenging and would profit from a deepened mechanistic understanding of HIV-antibody interactions and the mucosal transmission process. In this study we experimentally determined stoichiometric parameters of the HIV-1 trimer-antibody interaction, confirming that binding of one antibody is sufficient for trimer neutralization. This defines numerical requirements for HIV-1 virion neutralization and thereby enables mathematical modelling of in vitro and in vivo antibody neutralization efficacy. The model we developed accurately predicts antibody efficacy in animal passive immunization studies and provides estimates for protective mucosal antibody concentrations. Furthermore, we derive estimates of the probability for a single virion to start host infection and the risks of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission per sexual intercourse. Our work thereby delivers comprehensive quantitative insights into both the molecular principles governing HIV-antibody interactions and the initial steps of mucosal HIV-1 transmission. These insights, alongside the underlying, adaptable modelling framework presented here, will be valuable for supporting in silico pre-trial planning and post-hoc evaluation of HIV-1 vaccination or antibody treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Magnus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rusert
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland R. Regoes
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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71
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Easterhoff D, Moody MA, Fera D, Cheng H, Ackerman M, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Pollara J, Vandergrift N, Parks R, Kim J, Michael NL, O’Connell RJ, Excler JL, Robb ML, Vasan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Sinangil F, Tartaglia J, Phogat S, Kepler TB, Alam SM, Liao HX, Ferrari G, Seaman MS, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Harrison SC, Haynes BF. Boosting of HIV envelope CD4 binding site antibodies with long variable heavy third complementarity determining region in the randomized double blind RV305 HIV-1 vaccine trial. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006182. [PMID: 28235027 PMCID: PMC5342261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The canary pox vector and gp120 vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120) in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial conferred an estimated 31% vaccine efficacy. Although the vaccine Env AE.A244 gp120 is antigenic for the unmutated common ancestor of V1V2 broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAbs), no plasma bnAb activity was induced. The RV305 (NCT01435135) HIV-1 clinical trial was a placebo-controlled randomized double-blinded study that assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccine boosting on B cell repertoires. HIV-1-uninfected RV144 vaccine recipients were reimmunized 6–8 years later with AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, ALVAC-HIV alone, or a combination of ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120 in the RV305 trial. Env-specific post-RV144 and RV305 boost memory B cell VH mutation frequencies increased from 2.9% post-RV144 to 6.7% post-RV305. The vaccine was well tolerated with no adverse events reports. While post-boost plasma did not have bnAb activity, the vaccine boosts expanded a pool of envelope CD4 binding site (bs)-reactive memory B cells with long third heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDR3) whose germline precursors and affinity matured B cell clonal lineage members neutralized the HIV-1 CRF01 AE tier 2 (difficult to neutralize) primary isolate, CNE8. Electron microscopy of two of these antibodies bound with near-native gp140 trimers showed that they recognized an open conformation of the Env trimer. Although late boosting of RV144 vaccinees expanded a novel pool of neutralizing B cell clonal lineages, we hypothesize that boosts with stably closed trimers would be necessary to elicit antibodies with greater breadth of tier 2 HIV-1 strains. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01435135 Developing a successful HIV-1 vaccine remains a high global health priority. Several HIV-1 vaccine trials have been performed with only the RV144 vaccine trial showing vaccine efficacy, albeit modest. No broadly neutralizing antibody activity was identified in RV144 and inducing sterilizing immunity against a complex pathogen like HIV-1 remains a major challenge. Here we characterize the B cell responses after RV144 vaccine-recipients received two additional boosts severals years after the conclusion of the RV144 vaccine trial. Delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine-recipients was capable of increasing somatic hypermutation of the Env-reactive antibodies and expanding subdominant pools of neutralizing B cell clonal lineages. These data are pertinent to HIV-1 vaccine-regimen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Easterhoff
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DE); (BFH)
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniela Fera
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hao Cheng
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Justin Pollara
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Rob Parks
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jerome Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Jean-Louis Excler
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Army Medical Directorate, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- GSID, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Tartaglia
- Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Phogat
- Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Kepler
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Stephen C. Harrison
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DE); (BFH)
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Modulation of innate and adaptive cellular immunity relevant to HIV-1 vaccine design by seminal plasma. AIDS 2017; 31:333-342. [PMID: 27835615 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucosal exposure to HIV-1 infection generally occurs in the presence of semen. Immunomodulation by seminal plasma is well described in the reproductive biology literature. Little is known, however, about the impact of seminal plasma on innate and adaptive anti-HIV-1 cellular immunity. DESIGN The study investigated the effects of seminal plasma on immune responses considered important for prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine development, namely innate and adaptive cellular immunity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, respectively. METHODS The ability of seminal plasma to modulate direct, antibody-dependent and cytokine-stimulated NK cell activation was assessed utilizing intracellular cytokine staining. Direct and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase release assays. The effects of seminal plasma on T-cell activation upon stimulation with staphylococcus enterotoxin B or HIV-1 Gag peptides were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. The impact of seminal plasma on redirected cytolysis mediated by T cells was measured using lactate dehydrogenase release assays. RESULTS Both direct and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were dramatically impaired by the presence of either HIV-1-uninfected or HIV-1-infected seminal plasma in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, seminal plasma suppressed both direct and antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated cytolysis, including anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent cytolysis of gp120-pulsed CEM.NKr-CCR5 cells. Finally, seminal plasma attenuated both HIV-1 Gag-specific and staphylococcus enterotoxin B-induced CTL activation. CONCLUSIONS Semen contains potent immunosuppressors of both NK cell and CD8 T-cell-mediated anti-HIV-1 immune responses. This could impede attempts to provide vaccine-induced immunity to HIV-1.
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Doria-Rose NA, Altae-Tran HR, Roark RS, Schmidt SD, Sutton MS, Louder MK, Chuang GY, Bailer RT, Cortez V, Kong R, McKee K, O’Dell S, Wang F, Abdool Karim SS, Binley JM, Connors M, Haynes BF, Martin MA, Montefiori DC, Morris L, Overbaugh J, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Georgiev IS. Mapping Polyclonal HIV-1 Antibody Responses via Next-Generation Neutralization Fingerprinting. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006148. [PMID: 28052137 PMCID: PMC5241146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational neutralization fingerprinting, NFP, is an efficient and accurate method for predicting the epitope specificities of polyclonal antibody responses to HIV-1 infection. Here, we present next-generation NFP algorithms that substantially improve prediction accuracy for individual donors and enable serologic analysis for entire cohorts. Specifically, we developed algorithms for: (a) selection of optimized virus neutralization panels for NFP analysis, (b) estimation of NFP prediction confidence for each serum sample, and (c) identification of sera with potentially novel epitope specificities. At the individual donor level, the next-generation NFP algorithms particularly improved the ability to detect multiple epitope specificities in a sample, as confirmed both for computationally simulated polyclonal sera and for samples from HIV-infected donors. Specifically, the next-generation NFP algorithms detected multiple specificities in twice as many samples of simulated sera. Further, unlike the first-generation NFP, the new algorithms were able to detect both of the previously confirmed antibody specificities, VRC01-like and PG9-like, in donor CHAVI 0219. At the cohort level, analysis of ~150 broadly neutralizing HIV-infected donor samples suggested a potential connection between clade of infection and types of elicited epitope specificities. Most notably, while 10E8-like antibodies were observed in infections from different clades, an enrichment of such antibodies was predicted for clade B samples. Ultimately, such large-scale analyses of antibody responses to HIV-1 infection can help guide the design of epitope-specific vaccines that are tailored to take into account the prevalence of infecting clades within a specific geographic region. Overall, the next-generation NFP technology will be an important tool for the analysis of broadly neutralizing polyclonal antibody responses against HIV-1. HIV-1 remains a significant global health threat, with no effective vaccine against the virus currently available. Since traditional vaccine design efforts have had limited success, much effort in recent years has focused on gaining a better understanding of the ways select individuals are able to effectively neutralize the virus upon natural infection, and to utilize that knowledge for the design of optimized vaccine candidates. Primary emphasis has been placed on characterizing the antibody arm of the immune system, and specifically on antibodies capable of neutralizing the majority of circulating HIV-1 strains. Various experimental techniques can be applied to map the epitope targets of these antibodies, but more recently, the development of computational methods has provided an efficient and accurate alternative for understanding the complex antibody responses to HIV-1 in a given individual. Here, we present the next generation of this computational technology, and show that these new methods have significantly improved accuracy and confidence, and that they enable the interrogation of biologically important questions that can lead to new insights for the design of an effective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Han R. Altae-Tran
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ryan S. Roark
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Sutton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Felicia Wang
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - James M. Binley
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark Connors
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
It is clear that antibodies can play a pivotal role in preventing the transmission of HIV-1 and large efforts to identify an effective antibody-based vaccine to quell the epidemic. Shortly after HIV-1 was discovered as the cause of AIDS, the search for epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies became the driving strategy for an antibody-based vaccine. Neutralization escape variants were discovered shortly thereafter, and, after almost three decades of investigation, it is now known that autologous neutralizing antibody responses and their selection of neutralization resistant HIV-1 variants can lead to broadly neutralizing antibodies in some infected individuals. This observation drives an intensive effort to identify a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, there has been less systematic study of antibody specificities that must rely mainly or exclusively on other protective mechanisms, although non-human primate (NHP) studies as well as the RV144 vaccine trial indicate that non-neutralizing antibodies can contribute to protection. Here we propose a novel strategy to identify new epitope targets recognized by these antibodies for which viral escape is unlikely or impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony L DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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75
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Escolano A, Dosenovic P, Nussenzweig MC. Progress toward active or passive HIV-1 vaccination. J Exp Med 2016; 214:3-16. [PMID: 28003309 PMCID: PMC5206506 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS is a preventable disease. Nevertheless, according to UNAIDS, 2.1 million individuals were infected with HIV-1 in 2015 worldwide. An effective vaccine is highly desirable. Most vaccines in clinical use today prevent infection because they elicit antibodies that block pathogen entry. Consistent with this general rule, studies in experimental animals have shown that broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 can prevent infection, suggesting that a vaccine that elicits such antibodies would be protective. However, despite significant efforts over the last 30 years, attempts to elicit broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies by vaccination failed until recent experiments in genetically engineered mice were finally successful. Here, we review the key breakthroughs and remaining obstacles to the development of active and passive HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Escolano
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pia Dosenovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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76
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Fuchs SP, Desrosiers RC. Promise and problems associated with the use of recombinant AAV for the delivery of anti-HIV antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16068. [PMID: 28197421 PMCID: PMC5289440 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to elicit antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates have so far proven unsuccessful. Long-term delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with such activity is a creative alternative that circumvents the need for an immune response and has the potential for creating a long-lasting sterilizing barrier against HIV. This approach is made possible by an incredible array of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that have been identified over the last several years. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are ideally suited for long-term delivery for a variety of reasons. The only products made from rAAV are derived from the transgenes that are put into it; as long as those products are not viewed as foreign, expression from muscle tissue may continue for decades. Thus, use of rAAV to achieve long-term delivery of anti-HIV mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV-1 isolates is emerging as a promising concept for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection in humans. Experiments in mice and monkeys that have demonstrated protective efficacy against AIDS virus infection have raised hopes for the promise of this approach. However, all published experiments in monkeys have encountered unwanted immune responses to the AAV-delivered antibody, and these immune responses appear to limit the levels of delivered antibody that can be achieved. In this review, we highlight the promise of rAAV-mediated antibody delivery for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans, but we also discuss the obstacles that will need to be understood and solved in order for the promise of this approach to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida, USA
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77
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Antibody responses to prime-boost vaccination with an HIV-1 gp145 envelope protein and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors expressing HIV-1 gp140. AIDS 2016; 30:2405-2414. [PMID: 27525550 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over 2 million individuals are infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) each year, yet an effective vaccine remains elusive. The most successful HIV-1 vaccine to date demonstrated 31% efficacy. Immune correlate analyses associated HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific antibodies with protection, thus providing a path toward a more effective vaccine. We sought to test the antibody response from novel prime-boost vaccination with a chimpanzee-derived adenovirus (AdC) vector expressing a subtype C Env glycoprotein (gp)140 combined with either a serologically distinct AdC vector expressing gp140 of a different subtype C isolate or an alum-adjuvanted, partially trimeric gp145 from yet another subtype C isolate. DESIGN Three different prime-boost regimens were tested in mice: AdC prime-protein boost, protein prime-AdC boost, and AdC prime-AdC boost. Each regimen was tested at two different doses of AdC vector in a total of six experimental groups. METHODS Sera were collected at various time points and evaluated by ELISA for Env-specific antibody binding, isotype, and avidity. Antibody functionality was assessed by pseudovirus neutralization assay. RESULTS Priming with AdC followed by a protein boost or sequential immunizations with two AdC vectors induced HIV-1 Env-specific binding antibodies, including those to the variable region 2, whereas priming with protein followed by an AdC boost was relatively ineffective. Antibodies that cross-neutralized tier 1 HIV-1 from different subtypes were elicited with vaccine regimens that included immunizations with protein. CONCLUSION Our study warrants further investigation of AdC vector and gp145 protein prime-boost vaccines and their ability to protect against acquisition in animal challenge studies.
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78
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Sun M, Li Y, Zheng H, Shao Y. Recent Progress toward Engineering HIV-1-Specific Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:391. [PMID: 27746780 PMCID: PMC5043134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discoveries of broadly potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies represent a new generation of antiretrovirals for the treatment and prophylaxis. Antibodies are generally considered more effective and safer and have been proved to provide passive protection against mucosal challenge in humanized mice and macaques. Several neutralizing Abs could protect animals against HIV-1 but are not effective when used in an established infected model for therapy. In order to overcome the limitation of antiviral activities, multiple antibody-engineering technologies have been explored to generate "the better" neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 since bNAbs attack viral entry by various mechanisms. Thus, a promising direction of research is to discover and exploit rational antibody combination or engineered antibodies (eAbs) as potential candidate therapeutics against HIV-1. It has been reported that inclusion of fusion-neutralizing antibodies in a set of bNAbs could improve their overall activities and neutralizing spectrum. Here, we review several routes for engineering bNAbs, such as design and generation of bispecific antibodies, specific glycosylation of antibodies to enhance antiviral activity, and variable region-specific modification guided by structure and computer, as well as reviewing antibody-delivery technologies by non-viral vector, viral vector, and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells transduced with a lentiviral construct. We also discuss the optimized antiviral activities and benefits of these strategy and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Haut LH, Gill AL, Kurupati RK, Bian A, Li Y, Giles-Davis W, Xiang Z, Zhou XY, Ertl HCJ. A Partial E3 Deletion in Replication-Defective Adenoviral Vectors Allows for Stable Expression of Potentially Toxic Transgene Products. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016; 27:187-196. [PMID: 27604324 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) is used extensively for construction of viral vectors, most commonly with deletion in its E1 and/or E3 genomic regions. Previously, our attempts to insert envelope proteins (Env) of HIV-1 into such vectors based on chimpanzee-derived Ad (AdC) viruses were thwarted. Here, we describe that genetic instability of an E1- and E3-deleted AdC vector of serotype C6 expressing Env of HIV-1 can be overcome by reinsertion of E3 sequences with anti-apoptotic activities. This partial E3 deletion presumably delays premature death of HEK-293 packaging cell lines due to Env-induced cell apoptosis. The same partial E3 deletion also allows for the generation of stable glycoprotein 140 (gp140)- and gp160-expressing Ad vectors based on AdC7, a distinct AdC serotype. Env-expressing AdC vectors containing the partial E3 deletion are genetically stable upon serial cell culture passaging, produce yields comparable to those of other AdC vectors, and induce transgene product-specific antibody responses in mice. A partial E3 deletion thereby allows expansion of the repertoire of transgenes that can be expressed by Ad vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda L Gill
- 1 The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 2 Current address: Clinical Molecular Regulation Section/Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Ang Bian
- 1 The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Li
- 1 The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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80
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Sun M, Li Y, Yuan Z, Lu W, Kang G, Fan W, Li Q. VRC01 antibody protects against vaginal and rectal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 in hu-BLT mice. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2449-55. [PMID: 27343044 PMCID: PMC4988922 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent a new generation of antiviral agents for the prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. A better understanding of the in vivo efficacy of HIV-1 bNAbs, such as VRC01, in preventing mucosal transmission of HIV-1 has important implications for HIV-1 vaccine design. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of passively transferred VRC01 antibody in preventing HIV-1 vaginal and rectal transmission in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus mice (hu-BLT mice). Mice were subcutaneously injected with VRC01 IgG, and 24 hours later, they were challenged intravaginally or intrarectally with HIV-1Ada. All hu-BLT mice receiving VRC01 IgG antibody were aviremic at 2 weeks after intravaginal (n = 3) or intrarectal (n = 6) challenge as measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In contrast, mice receiving control IgG all became infected. By 5 and 6 weeks post-challenge, some of VRC01 aviremic mice in both the intravaginal and intrarectal challenge groups became viremic. Our results suggest that VRC01 antibody can be protective against HIV-1 vaginal and rectal transmission; however, a single administration of VRC01 cannot completely prevent mucosal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Wuxun Lu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Guobin Kang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Wenjin Fan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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81
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Engineering broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV prevention and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:157-173. [PMID: 26827912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A combination of advances spanning from isolation to delivery of potent HIV-specific antibodies has begun to revolutionize understandings of antibody-mediated antiviral activity. As a result, the set of broadly neutralizing and highly protective antibodies has grown in number, diversity, potency, and breadth of viral recognition and neutralization. These antibodies are now being further enhanced by rational engineering of their anti-HIV activities and coupled to cutting edge gene delivery and strategies to optimize their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. As a result, the prospects for clinical use of HIV-specific antibodies to treat, clear, and prevent HIV infection are gaining momentum. Here we discuss the diverse methods whereby antibodies are being optimized for neutralization potency and breadth, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and effector function with the aim of revolutionizing HIV treatment and prevention options.
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82
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Harnessing Fc receptor biology in the design of therapeutic antibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 40:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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83
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Gautam R, Nishimura Y, Pegu A, Nason MC, Klein F, Gazumyan A, Golijanin J, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Wang K, Mankoff Z, Schmidt SD, Lifson JD, Mascola JR, Nussenzweig MC, Martin MA. A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges. Nature 2016; 533:105-109. [PMID: 27120156 PMCID: PMC5127204 DOI: 10.1038/nature17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of potent anti-retroviral drugs in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, little progress has been made in generating an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Although passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies can protect mice or macaques against a single high-dose challenge with HIV or simian/human (SIV/HIV) chimaeric viruses (SHIVs) respectively, the long-term efficacy of a passive antibody transfer approach for HIV-1 has not been examined. Here we show, on the basis of the relatively long-term protection conferred by hepatitis A immune globulin, the efficacy of a single injection (20 mg kg(-1)) of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (VRC01, VRC01-LS, 3BNC117, and 10-1074 (refs 9 - 12)) in blocking repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of the clade B SHIVAD8. Compared with control animals, which required two to six challenges (median = 3) for infection, a single broadly neutralizing antibody infusion prevented virus acquisition for up to 23 weekly challenges. This effect depended on antibody potency and half-life. The highest levels of plasma-neutralizing activity and, correspondingly, the longest protection were found in monkeys administered the more potent antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 (median = 13 and 12.5 weeks, respectively). VRC01, which showed lower plasma-neutralizing activity, protected for a shorter time (median = 8 weeks). The introduction of a mutation that extends antibody half-life into the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of VRC01 increased median protection from 8 to 14.5 weeks. If administered to populations at high risk of HIV-1 transmission, such an immunoprophylaxis regimen could have a major impact on virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Martha C. Nason
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jovana Golijanin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Alicia Buckler-White
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Reza Sadjadpour
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zachary Mankoff
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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84
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Wagh K, Bhattacharya T, Williamson C, Robles A, Bayne M, Garrity J, Rist M, Rademeyer C, Yoon H, Lapedes A, Gao H, Greene K, Louder MK, Kong R, Karim SA, Burton DR, Barouch DH, Nussenzweig MC, Mascola JR, Morris L, Montefiori DC, Korber B, Seaman MS. Optimal Combinations of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Prevention and Treatment of HIV-1 Clade C Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005520. [PMID: 27028935 PMCID: PMC4814126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bnAbs) has generated substantial interest in their potential use for the prevention and/or treatment of HIV-1 infection. While combinations of bnAbs targeting distinct epitopes on the viral envelope (Env) will likely be required to overcome the extraordinary diversity of HIV-1, a key outstanding question is which bnAbs, and how many, will be needed to achieve optimal clinical benefit. We assessed the neutralizing activity of 15 bnAbs targeting four distinct epitopes of Env, including the CD4-binding site (CD4bs), the V1/V2-glycan region, the V3-glycan region, and the gp41 membrane proximal external region (MPER), against a panel of 200 acute/early clade C HIV-1 Env pseudoviruses. A mathematical model was developed that predicted neutralization by a subset of experimentally evaluated bnAb combinations with high accuracy. Using this model, we performed a comprehensive and systematic comparison of the predicted neutralizing activity of over 1,600 possible double, triple, and quadruple bnAb combinations. The most promising bnAb combinations were identified based not only on breadth and potency of neutralization, but also other relevant measures, such as the extent of complete neutralization and instantaneous inhibitory potential (IIP). By this set of criteria, triple and quadruple combinations of bnAbs were identified that were significantly more effective than the best double combinations, and further improved the probability of having multiple bnAbs simultaneously active against a given virus, a requirement that may be critical for countering escape in vivo. These results provide a rationale for advancing bnAb combinations with the best in vitro predictors of success into clinical trials for both the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. In recent years, a new generation of monoclonal antibodies has been isolated from HIV-1 infected individuals that exhibit broad and potent neutralizing activity when tested against diverse strains of virus. There is a high level of interest in the field in determining if these antibodies can be used to prevent or treat HIV-1 infection. Because HIV-1 is adept at escaping from immune recognition, it is generally thought that combinations of multiple antibodies targeting different sites will be required for efficacy, much the same as seen for conventional antiretroviral drugs. How many and which antibodies to include in such combinations is not known. In this study, a new mathematical model was developed and used to accurately predict various measures of neutralizing activity for all possible combinations having a total of 2, 3, or 4 of the most promising antibodies. Through a systematic and comprehensive comparison, we identified optimal combinations of antibodies that best complement one another for enhanced anti-viral activity, and therefore may be most effective for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection. These results provide important parameters that inform the selection of antibodies to develop for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Tanmoy Bhattacharya
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alex Robles
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Bayne
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jetta Garrity
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Rist
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Rademeyer
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alan Lapedes
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelli Greene
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), NHLS, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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85
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McGuire AT, Gray MD, Dosenovic P, Gitlin AD, Freund NT, Petersen J, Correnti C, Johnsen W, Kegel R, Stuart AB, Glenn J, Seaman MS, Schief WR, Strong RK, Nussenzweig MC, Stamatatos L. Specifically modified Env immunogens activate B-cell precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies in transgenic mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10618. [PMID: 26907590 PMCID: PMC4770077 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies protect animals from experimental infection and could contribute to an effective vaccine response. Their predicted germline forms (gl) bind Env inefficiently, which may explain why they are not elicited by HIV-1 Env-immunization. Here we show that an optimized Env immunogen can engage multiple glVRC01-class antibodies. Furthermore, this immunogen activates naive B cells expressing the human germline heavy chain of 3BNC60, paired with endogenous mouse light chains in vivo. To address whether it activates B cells expressing the fully humanized gl3BNC60 B-cell receptor (BCR), we immunized mice carrying both the heavy and light chains of gl3BNC60. B cells expressing this BCR display an autoreactive phenotype and fail to respond efficiently to soluble forms of the optimized immunogen, unless it is highly multimerized. Thus, specifically designed Env immunogens can activate naive B cells expressing human BCRs corresponding to precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies even when the B cells display an autoreactive phenotype. The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine research. Here the authors demonstrate the ability of an HIV Env-derived immunogen to bind germline precursors of a class of bNAbs and to activate the corresponding B cells in a knock-in mouse model
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew D Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Pia Dosenovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Natalia T Freund
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John Petersen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Colin Correnti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - William Johnsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Robert Kegel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Andrew B Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jolene Glenn
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, E/CLS-1001, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roland K Strong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,University of Washington, Department of Global Health, 1510 San Juan Road #310e Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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86
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Bolton DL, Pegu A, Wang K, McGinnis K, Nason M, Foulds K, Letukas V, Schmidt SD, Chen X, Todd JP, Lifson JD, Rao S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Mascola JR, Koup RA. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Monoclonal Antibodies Suppress Acute Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia and Limit Seeding of Cell-Associated Viral Reservoirs. J Virol 2016; 90:1321-32. [PMID: 26581981 PMCID: PMC4719604 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02454-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) administered shortly after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can suppress viremia and limit seeding of the viral reservoir, but lifelong treatment is required for the majority of patients. Highly potent broadly neutralizing HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can reduce plasma viremia when administered during chronic HIV-1 infection, but the therapeutic potential of these antibodies during acute infection is unknown. We tested the ability of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific broadly neutralizing MAbs to suppress acute simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) replication in rhesus macaques. Four groups of macaques were infected with SHIV-SF162P3 and received (i) the CD4-binding-site MAb VRC01; (ii) a combination of a more potent clonal relative of VRC01 (VRC07-523) and a V3 glycan-dependent MAb (PGT121); (iii) daily cART, all on day 10, just prior to expected peak plasma viremia; or (iv) no treatment. Daily cART was initiated 11 days after MAb administration and was continued for 13 weeks in all treated animals. Over a period of 11 days after a single administration, MAb treatment significantly reduced peak viremia, accelerated the decay slope, and reduced total viral replication compared to untreated controls. Proviral DNA in lymph node CD4 T cells was also diminished after treatment with the dual MAb. These data demonstrate the virological effect of potent MAbs and support future clinical trials that investigate HIV-1-neutralizing MAbs as adjunctive therapy with cART during acute HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE Treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection with potent broadly neutralizing HIV-1 MAbs has been shown to significantly reduce plasma viremia. However, the antiviral effect of MAb treatment during acute HIV-1 infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MAbs targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein both suppress acute SHIV plasma viremia and limit CD4 T cell-associated viral DNA. These findings provide support for clinical trials of MAbs as adjunctive therapy with antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valerie Letukas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc./Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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87
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Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody Gene Transfer Protects Nonhuman Primates from Mucosal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Virol 2016; 89:8334-45. [PMID: 26041300 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00908-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can prevent lentiviral infection in nonhuman primates and may slow the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although protection by passive transfer of human bnAbs has been demonstrated in monkeys, durable expression is essential for its broader use in humans. Gene-based expression of bnAbs provides a potential solution to this problem, although immune responses to the viral vector or to the antibody may limit its durability and efficacy. Here, we delivered an adeno-associated viral vector encoding a simianized form of a CD4bs bnAb, VRC07, and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The expressed antibody circulated in macaques for 16 weeks at levels up to 66 g/ml, although immune suppression with cyclosporine (CsA) was needed to sustain expression. Gene-delivered simian VRC07 protected against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in monkeys 5.5 weeks after treatment. Gene transfer of an anti-HIV antibody can therefore protect against infection by viruses that cause AIDS in primates when the host immune responses are controlled.
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Herrera-Carrillo E, Berkhout B. Bone Marrow Gene Therapy for HIV/AIDS. Viruses 2015; 7:3910-36. [PMID: 26193303 PMCID: PMC4517133 DOI: 10.3390/v7072804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow gene therapy remains an attractive option for treating chronic immunological diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This technology combines the differentiation and expansion capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term expression of therapeutic transgenes using integrating vectors. In this review we summarize the potential of bone marrow gene therapy for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. A broad range of antiviral strategies are discussed, with a particular focus on RNA-based therapies. The idea is to develop a durable gene therapy that lasts the life span of the infected individual, thus contrasting with daily drug regimens to suppress the virus. Different approaches have been proposed to target either the virus or cellular genes encoding co-factors that support virus replication. Some of these therapies have been tested in clinical trials, providing proof of principle that gene therapy is a safe option for treating HIV/AIDS. In this review several topics are discussed, ranging from the selection of the antiviral molecule and the viral target to the optimal vector system for gene delivery and the setup of appropriate preclinical test systems. The molecular mechanisms used to formulate a cure for HIV infection are described, including the latest antiviral strategies and their therapeutic applications. Finally, a potent combination of anti-HIV genes based on our own research program is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera-Carrillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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