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Razavi-Shearer D, Child H, Razavi-Shearer K, Voeller A, Razavi H, Buti M, Tacke F, Terrault N, Zeuzem S, Abbas Z, Aghemo A, Akarca U, Al Masri N, Alalwan A, Blomé MA, Jerkeman A, Aleman S, Kamal H, Alghamdi A, Alghamdi M, Alghamdi S, Al-Hamoudi W, Ali E, Aljumah A, Altraif I, Amarsanaa J, Asselah T, Baatarkhuu O, Babameto A, Ben-Ari Z, Berg T, Biondi M, Braga W, Brandão-Mello C, Brown R, Brunetto M, Cabezas J, Cardoso M, Martins A, Chan H, Cheinquer H, Chen CJ, Yang HI, Chen PJ, Chien CH, Chuang WL, Garza LC, Coco B, Coffin C, Coppola N, Cornberg M, Craxi A, Crespo J, Cuko L, De Ledinghen V, Duberg AS, Etzion O, Ferraz M, Ferreira P, Forns X, Foster G, Fung J, Gaeta G, García-Samaniego J, Genov J, Gheorghe L, Gholam P, Gish R, Glenn J, Hamid S, Hercun J, Hsu YC, Hu CC, Huang JF, Idilman R, Jafri W, Janjua N, Jelev D, Jia J, Kåberg M, Kaita K, Kao JH, Khan A, Kim D, Kondili L, Lagging M, Lampertico P, Lázaro P, Lazarus J, Lee MH, Yang HI, Lim YS, Lobato C, Macedo G, Marinho R, Marotta P, Mendes-Correa M, Méndez-Sánchez N, Navas MC, Ning Q, Örmeci N, Orrego M, Osiowy C, Pan C, Pessoa M, Piracha Z, Pop C, Qureshi H, Raimondo G, Ramji A, Ribeiro S, Ríos-Hincapié C, Rodríguez M, Rosenberg W, Roulot D, Ryder S, Saeed U, Safadi R, Shouval D, Sanai F, Sanchez-Avila J, Santantonio T, Sarrazin C, Seto WK, Seto WK, Simonova M, Tanaka J, Tergast T, Tsendsuren O, Valente C, Villalobos-Salcedo J, Waheed Y, Wong G, Wong V, Yip T, Wong V, Wu JC, Yang HI, Yu ML, Yuen MF, Yurdaydin C, Zuckerman E. Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories. J Hepatol 2024; 80:232-242. [PMID: 38030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. METHODS We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. RESULTS After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. CONCLUSIONS We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus among people living with hepatitis B virus at the population level. In this study, we aimed to better understand the burden in 25 countries and territories, to refine techniques that can be used in future analyses. We found a lower prevalence in the majority of places studied than had been previously reported. These data can help inform policy makers on the need to screen people living with hepatitis B virus to find those coinfected with hepatitis delta virus and at high risk of progression, while also highlighting the pitfalls that other researchers have often fallen into.
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Csiki I, Glenn J, Schanzer J, Tuan B, Huang N, Dong A, John E, O'Toole L, Seppa J, Hawley R, Exon C, Klumpp K. 169P Immunomodulatory effects of RBS2418, an oral ENPP1 inhibitor in combination with pembrolizumab in checkpoint-refractory metastatic adrenal cancer. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Beckstead E, Mulokozi G, Jensen M, Smith J, Baldauf M, Dearden KA, Linehan M, Torres S, Glenn J, West JH, Hall PC, Crookston BT. Addressing child undernutrition in Tanzania with the ASTUTE program. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 35392969 PMCID: PMC8988343 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal infant and young child feeding practices (IYCFP) reduce childhood stunting and are associated with additional health benefits. In Tanzania, IYCFP are far from optimal where 32% of children under the age of 5 years are stunted. The purpose of this study was to examine whether behavior change communication focused on reducing child undernutrition was associated with improved IYCFP in Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to approximately 10,000 households with children under the age of 2 at baseline and endline. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between exposure to behavior change communication and timely initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, timely complementary feeding (CF), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). RESULTS Mothers who heard a radio spot about IYCFP were more likely than mothers who had not heard a radio spot about IYCFP to begin complementary foods at six months. Their children were also more likely to achieve MMF, MDD, and MAD with odds ratios of 2.227 (p = 0.0061), 1.222 (p = 0.0454), 1.618 (p = < .0001), and 1.511 (p = 0.0002), respectively. Mothers who saw a TV spot about IYCFP were more likely to have greater odds of knowing when to begin complementary feeding, feeding their child a minimally diverse diet (4 food groups or more), and serving a minimum acceptable diet with odds ratios of 1.335 (p = 0.0081), 1.360 (p = 0.0003), and 1.268 (p = 0.0156), respectively. CONCLUSION Exposure to behavior change communication in Tanzania was generally associated with some increased knowledge of optimal IYCFP as well as practicing IYCF behaviors. Behavior change communication planners and implementers may want to consider conducting similar campaigns as an important component of behavior change to reduce undernutrition and poor health outcomes in developing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Mulokozi
- ASTUTE Program, IMA World Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M Jensen
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - J Smith
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - M Baldauf
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - K A Dearden
- ASTUTE Program, IMA World Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M Linehan
- ASTUTE Program, IMA World Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S Torres
- ASTUTE Program, IMA World Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - J Glenn
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - J H West
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - P C Hall
- Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
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Perido J, Glenn J, Day P, Fyhrie A, Leduc H, Zmuidzinas J, McKenney C. Extending KIDs to the Mid-IR for Future Space and Suborbital Observatories. J Low Temp Phys 2020; 199:696-703. [PMID: 32624618 PMCID: PMC7319424 DOI: 10.1007/s10909-020-02364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The galaxy evolution probe (GEP) is a concept for a probe-class space observatory to study the physical processes related to star formation over cosmic time. To do so, the mid- and far-infrared (IR) spectra of galaxies must be studied. These mid- and far-IR observations require large multi-frequency arrays, sensitive detectors. Our goal is to develop low NEP aluminum kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) for wavelengths of 10-400 μ m for the GEP and a pathfinder long-duration balloon (GEP-B) that will perform precursor GEP science. KIDs for the lower wavelength range (10-100 μ m ) have not been previously implemented. We present an absorber design for KIDs sensitive to wavelengths of 10 μ m shown to have around 75-80% absorption efficiency through ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator) simulations, challenges that come with optimizing our design to increase the wavelength range, initial tests on our design of fabricated 10 μ m KIDs, and theoretical NEP calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Perido
- Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - J. Glenn
- Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - P. Day
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, USA
| | - A. Fyhrie
- Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - H. Leduc
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, USA
| | | | - C. McKenney
- Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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Abstract
SummaryWe have used the DNase I inhibition assay to study changes in G-actin after platelet activation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induced by ADP. Because of problems associated with depolymerization of F-actin after lysis of ADP-activated platelets in the presence of plasma, G-actin was measured using a lysis buffer that contained formaldehyde to prevent any depolymerization of F-actin.Different patterns of response were seen depending on the concentration of ADP used, and these were modified by avoiding aggregation by either not stirring the sample or by adding EDTA. The results show rapid conversion of G-actin to F-actin in association with shape change, and there is a further decrease in G-actin associated with irreversible platelet aggregation. Thus evidence is presented that actin polymerization occurs in two phases after ADP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heptinstall
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K
| | - J Glenn
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K
| | - P Spangenberg
- Institute of Pathological Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Erfurt, Germany
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Yacoob C, Lange MD, Cohen K, Lathia K, Feng J, Glenn J, Carbonetti S, Oliver B, Vigdorovich V, Sather DN, Stamatatos L. B cell clonal lineage alterations upon recombinant HIV-1 envelope immunization of rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007120. [PMID: 29933399 PMCID: PMC6033445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models. Their elicitation by immunization is thus highly desirable. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. Env-based immunogens tested so far in various animal species and humans have elicited binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies but not bNAbs (with a few notable exceptions). The underlying reasons for this are not well understood despite intensive efforts to characterize the binding specificities of the elicited antibodies; mostly by employing serologic methodologies and monoclonal antibody isolation and characterization. These approaches provide limited information on the ontogenies and clonal B cell lineages that expand following Env-immunization. Thus, our current understanding on how the expansion of particular B cell lineages by Env may be linked to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies is limited. Here, in addition to serological analysis, we employed high-throughput BCR sequence analysis from the periphery, lymph nodes and bone marrow, as well as B cell- and antibody-isolation and characterization methods, to compare in great detail the B cell and antibody responses elicited in non-human primates by two forms of the clade C HIV Env 426c: one representing the full length extracellular portion of Env while the other lacking the variable domains 1, 2 and 3 and three conserved N-linked glycosylation sites. The two forms were equally immunogenic, but only the latter elicited neutralizing antibodies by stimulating a more restricted expansion of B cells to a narrower set of IGH/IGK/IGL-V genes that represented a small fraction (0.003-0.02%) of total B cells. Our study provides new information on how Env antigenic differences drastically affect the expansion of particular B cell lineages and supports immunogen-design efforts aiming at stimulating the expansion of cells expressing particular B cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yacoob
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Miles Darnell Lange
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kanan Lathia
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Junli Feng
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jolene Glenn
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara Carbonetti
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian Oliver
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Vigdorovich
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Noah Sather
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DNS); (LS)
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DNS); (LS)
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Gray M, Binns A, Glenn J. MYOSTATIN, STRENGTH, AND POWER AMONG OLDER ADULTS FOLLOWING A 20-WEEK, RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gray
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - A. Binns
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - J. Glenn
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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McGuire AT, Gray MD, Dosenovic P, Gitlin AD, Freund NT, Petersen J, Correnti C, Johnsen W, Kegel R, Stuart AB, Glenn J, Seaman MS, Schief WR, Strong RK, Nussenzweig MC, Stamatatos L. Specifically modified Env immunogens activate B-cell precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies in transgenic mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10618. [PMID: 26907590 PMCID: PMC4770077 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies protect animals from experimental infection and could contribute to an effective vaccine response. Their predicted germline forms (gl) bind Env inefficiently, which may explain why they are not elicited by HIV-1 Env-immunization. Here we show that an optimized Env immunogen can engage multiple glVRC01-class antibodies. Furthermore, this immunogen activates naive B cells expressing the human germline heavy chain of 3BNC60, paired with endogenous mouse light chains in vivo. To address whether it activates B cells expressing the fully humanized gl3BNC60 B-cell receptor (BCR), we immunized mice carrying both the heavy and light chains of gl3BNC60. B cells expressing this BCR display an autoreactive phenotype and fail to respond efficiently to soluble forms of the optimized immunogen, unless it is highly multimerized. Thus, specifically designed Env immunogens can activate naive B cells expressing human BCRs corresponding to precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies even when the B cells display an autoreactive phenotype. The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine research. Here the authors demonstrate the ability of an HIV Env-derived immunogen to bind germline precursors of a class of bNAbs and to activate the corresponding B cells in a knock-in mouse model
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew D Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Pia Dosenovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Natalia T Freund
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John Petersen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Colin Correnti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - William Johnsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Robert Kegel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Andrew B Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jolene Glenn
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, E/CLS-1001, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roland K Strong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024 Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,University of Washington, Department of Global Health, 1510 San Juan Road #310e Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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McGuire AT, Dreyer AM, Carbonetti S, Lippy A, Glenn J, Scheid JF, Mouquet H, Stamatatos L. HIV antibodies. Antigen modification regulates competition of broad and narrow neutralizing HIV antibodies. Science 2014; 346:1380-1383. [PMID: 25504724 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some HIV-infected individuals develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas most develop antibodies that neutralize only a narrow range of viruses (nNAbs). bNAbs, but not nNAbs, protect animals from experimental infection and are likely a key component of an effective vaccine. nNAbs and bNAbs target the same regions of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), but for reasons that remain unclear only nNAbs are elicited by Env immunization. We show that in contrast to germline-reverted (gl) bNAbs, glnNAbs recognized diverse recombinant Envs. Moreover, owing to binding affinity differences, nNAb B cell progenitors had an advantage in becoming activated and internalizing Env compared with bNAb B cell progenitors. We then identified an Env modification strategy that minimized the activation of nNAb B cells targeting epitopes that overlap those of bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita M Dreyer
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara Carbonetti
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adriana Lippy
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jolene Glenn
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Johannes F Scheid
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS-URA 1961, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Carbonetti S, Oliver BG, Glenn J, Stamatatos L, Sather DN. Soluble HIV-1 envelope immunogens derived from an elite neutralizer elicit cross-reactive V1V2 antibodies and low potency neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86905. [PMID: 24466285 PMCID: PMC3900663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated four gp140 Envelope protein vaccine immunogens that were derived from an elite neutralizer, subject VC10042, whose plasma was able to potently neutralize a wide array of genetically distinct HIV-1 isolates. We sought to determine whether soluble Envelope proteins derived from the viruses circulating in VC10042 could be used as immunogens to elicit similar neutralizing antibody responses by vaccination. Each gp140 was tested in its trimeric and monomeric forms, and we evaluated two gp140 trimer vaccine regimens in which adjuvant was supplied at all four immunizations or at only the first two immunizations. Interestingly, all four Envelope immunogens elicited high titers of cross-reactive antibodies that recognize the variable regions V1V2 and are potentially similar to antibodies linked with a reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition in the RV144 vaccine trial. Two of the four immunogens elicited neutralizing antibody responses that neutralized a wide array of HIV-1 isolates from across genetic clades, but those responses were of very low potency. There were no significant differences in the responses elicited by trimers or monomers, nor was there a significant difference between the two adjuvant regimens. Our study identified two promising Envelope immunogens that elicited anti-V1V2 antibodies and broad, but low potency, neutralizing antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carbonetti
- Seattle BioMed, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Seattle BioMed, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jolene Glenn
- Seattle BioMed, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Seattle BioMed, Seattle, Washington, United States of America ; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - D Noah Sather
- Seattle BioMed, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Olson W, Emmenegger E, Glenn J, Simchick C, Winton J, Goetz F. Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:11-19. [PMID: 23529011 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV-IVb, represents an example of the introduction of an extremely pathogenic rhabdovirus capable of infecting a wide variety of new fish species in a new host-environment. The goal of the present study was to delineate the expression kinetics of key genes in the innate immune response relative to the very early stages of VHSV-IVb infection using the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as a model. Administration of VHSV-IVb by IP-injection into juvenile yellow perch resulted in 84% cumulative mortality, indicating their high susceptibility to this disease. In fish sampled in the very early stages of infection, a significant up-regulation of Mx gene expression in the liver, as well as IL-1β and SAA activation in the head kidney, spleen, and liver was directly correlated to viral load. The potential down-regulation of Mx in the hematopoietic tissues, head kidney and spleen, may represent a strategy utilized by the virus to increase replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Olson
- University of Wisconsin, School of Freshwater Science, 600 East Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
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Olson W, Emmenegger E, Glenn J, Winton J, Goetz F. Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:711-719. [PMID: 23305522 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb (VHSV-IVb) is capable of infecting a wide number of naive species and has been associated with large fish kills in the Midwestern United States since its discovery in 2005. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), a freshwater species commonly found throughout inland waters of the United States and prized for its high value in sport and commercial fisheries, is a species documented in several fish kills affiliated with VHS. In the present study, differences in survival after infection with VHSV IVb were observed among juvenile fish from three yellow perch broodstocks that were originally derived from distinct wild populations, suggesting innate differences in susceptibility due to genetic variance. While all three stocks were susceptible upon waterborne exposure to VHS virus infection, fish derived from the Midwest (Lake Winnebago, WI) showed significantly lower cumulative % survival compared with two perch stocks derived from the East Coast (Perquimans River, NC and Choptank River, MD) of the United States. However, despite differences in apparent susceptibility, clinical signs did not vary between stocks and included moderate-to-severe haemorrhages at the pelvic and pectoral fin bases and exophthalmia. After the 28-day challenge was complete, VHS virus was analysed in subsets of whole fish that had either survived or succumbed to the infection using both plaque assay and quantitative PCR methodologies. A direct correlation was identified between the two methods, suggesting the potential for both methods to be used to detect virus in a research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Olson
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Page MJ, Symeonidis M, Vieira JD, Altieri B, Amblard A, Arumugam V, Aussel H, Babbedge T, Blain A, Bock J, Boselli A, Buat V, Castro-Rodríguez N, Cava A, Chanial P, Clements DL, Conley A, Conversi L, Cooray A, Dowell CD, Dubois EN, Dunlop JS, Dwek E, Dye S, Eales S, Elbaz D, Farrah D, Fox M, Franceschini A, Gear W, Glenn J, Griffin M, Halpern M, Hatziminaoglou E, Ibar E, Isaak K, Ivison RJ, Lagache G, Levenson L, Lu N, Madden S, Maffei B, Mainetti G, Marchetti L, Nguyen HT, O’Halloran B, Oliver SJ, Omont A, Panuzzo P, Papageorgiou A, Pearson CP, Pérez-Fournon I, Pohlen M, Rawlings JI, Rigopoulou D, Riguccini L, Rizzo D, Rodighiero G, Roseboom IG, Rowan-Robinson M, Portal MS, Schulz B, Scott D, Seymour N, Shupe DL, Smith AJ, Stevens JA, Trichas M, Tugwell KE, Vaccari M, Valtchanov I, Viero M, Vigroux L, Wang L, Ward R, Wright G, Xu CK, Zemcov M. The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei. Nature 2012; 485:213-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West Hertfordshire Hospital Trust, Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK.
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Negrello M, Hopwood R, De Zotti G, Cooray A, Verma A, Bock J, Frayer DT, Gurwell MA, Omont A, Neri R, Dannerbauer H, Leeuw LL, Barton E, Cooke J, Kim S, da Cunha E, Rodighiero G, Cox P, Bonfield DG, Jarvis MJ, Serjeant S, Ivison RJ, Dye S, Aretxaga I, Hughes DH, Ibar E, Bertoldi F, Valtchanov I, Eales S, Dunne L, Driver SP, Auld R, Buttiglione S, Cava A, Grady CA, Clements DL, Dariush A, Fritz J, Hill D, Hornbeck JB, Kelvin L, Lagache G, Lopez-Caniego M, Gonzalez-Nuevo J, Maddox S, Pascale E, Pohlen M, Rigby EE, Robotham A, Simpson C, Smith DJB, Temi P, Thompson MA, Woodgate BE, York DG, Aguirre JE, Beelen A, Blain A, Baker AJ, Birkinshaw M, Blundell R, Bradford CM, Burgarella D, Danese L, Dunlop JS, Fleuren S, Glenn J, Harris AI, Kamenetzky J, Lupu RE, Maddalena RJ, Madore BF, Maloney PR, Matsuhara H, Michaowski MJ, Murphy EJ, Naylor BJ, Nguyen H, Popescu C, Rawlings S, Rigopoulou D, Scott D, Scott KS, Seibert M, Smail I, Tuffs RJ, Vieira JD, van der Werf PP, Zmuidzinas J. The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies. Science 2010; 330:800-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negrello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. Hopwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - G. De Zotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Cooray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Verma
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J. Bock
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. T. Frayer
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - M. A. Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Omont
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Universitte Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - R. Neri
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - H. Dannerbauer
- Laboratoire Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris Sarclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction des Sciences de la Matière–CNRS–Université Paris Diderot, Institut de Recherche sur les lois fondamentales d l’Universe/Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. L. Leeuw
- Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, Post Office Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - E. Barton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Cooke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E. da Cunha
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - G. Rodighiero
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - P. Cox
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - D. G. Bonfield
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - M. J. Jarvis
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - S. Serjeant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. J. Ivison
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Dye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - I. Aretxaga
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - D. H. Hughes
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - E. Ibar
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - F. Bertoldi
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Valtchanov
- Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Post Office Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Eales
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - L. Dunne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S. P. Driver
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - R. Auld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - S. Buttiglione
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Cava
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C. A. Grady
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. L. Clements
- Astrophysics Group, Physics Department, Blackett Lab, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A. Dariush
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J. Fritz
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D. Hill
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J. B. Hornbeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - L. Kelvin
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G. Lagache
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, F-91405 Orsa, France
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - M. Lopez-Caniego
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de Cantabria, Avenue de Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - J. Gonzalez-Nuevo
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Maddox
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E. Pascale
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - M. Pohlen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - E. E. Rigby
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A. Robotham
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - C. Simpson
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
| | - D. J. B. Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - P. Temi
- Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - M. A. Thompson
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - B. E. Woodgate
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. G. York
- Department of Astrophysics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J. E. Aguirre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. Beelen
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - A. Blain
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. J. Baker
- Rutgers University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8019, USA
| | - M. Birkinshaw
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - R. Blundell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. M. Bradford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. Burgarella
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR6110 CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France
| | - L. Danese
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. S. Dunlop
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Fleuren
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J. Glenn
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - A. I. Harris
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Kamenetzky
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - R. E. Lupu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. J. Maddalena
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - B. F. Madore
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - P. R. Maloney
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - H. Matsuhara
- Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M. J. Michaowski
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - E. J. Murphy
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - B. J. Naylor
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - H. Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - C. Popescu
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - S. Rawlings
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - D. Rigopoulou
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D. Scott
- University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - K. S. Scott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Seibert
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - I. Smail
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - R. J. Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut f¨r Kernphysik (MPIK), Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Vieira
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P. P. van der Werf
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Zmuidzinas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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O’Neill J, Czerwiec A, Agbaje I, Glenn J, Stitt A, McClure N, Mallidis C. Differences in mouse models of diabetes mellitus in studies of male reproduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 33:709-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Glenn J, Spangenberg P, Heptinstall S. Platelet-platelet Contact and Thromboxane A2Contribute to Actin Polymerization in Platelets Stimulated with ADP. Platelets 2009; 5:84-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109409005517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pham BV, Morgan K, Romagnuolo J, Glenn J, Bazaz S, Lawrence C, Hawes R. Pilot comparison of adhesion formation following colonic perforation and repair in a pig model using a transgastric, laparoscopic, or open surgical technique. Endoscopy 2008; 40:664-9. [PMID: 18680078 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Postoperative adhesions create significant morbidity and mortality. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures may reduce or eliminate adhesions by avoiding disruption of the parietal peritoneum. The primary aim of this pilot study was to compare adhesion formation after performance and subsequent repair of colonic perforation via transgastric, laparoscopic, or open surgical techniques. The secondary aim was to test the feasibility and outcome of transgastric management of bowel perforation in a prepared model. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 Yorkshire pigs were divided into three groups of five: transgastric (needle-knife entry with balloon dilation over a wire), laparoscopic, and open surgical. Aspects of adhesion formation (density/vascularity, width of bands, and number of organ pairs involved) were compared after perforation and repair during the same procedure. Intra- and postoperative complications were documented during the 21-day survival period. RESULTS All 15 pigs recovered fully with no immediate procedural complications. After 21 days, there was a trend towards a lower adhesion burden regarding density/vascularity and number of organ pairs involved, and a significant reduction in the width of the adhesive bands, when the transgastric group was compared with the surgical groups. Additionally, there was a trend towards decreased adhesions to the peritoneum in the transgastric group. CONCLUSIONS Repair of colonic perforation during transgastric (NOTES) procedures appear feasible and safe in a porcine model. There appears to be a trend towards a lower rate of adhesion formation with the transgastric approach compared with laparoscopic or open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2900, USA
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Bai M, Roser T, Ahrens L, Alekseev IG, Alessi J, Beebe-Wang J, Blaskiewicz M, Bravar A, Brennan JM, Bruno D, Bunce G, Courant E, Drees A, Fischer W, Gardner C, Gill R, Glenn J, Haeberli W, Huang H, Jinnouchi O, Kewisch J, Luccio A, Luo Y, Nakagawa I, Okada H, Pilat F, Mackay WW, Makdisi Y, Montag C, Ptitsyn V, Satogata T, Stephenson E, Svirida D, Tepikian S, Trbojevic D, Tsoupas N, Wise T, Zelenski A, Zeno K, Zhang SY. Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:174801. [PMID: 16712305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been providing collisions of polarized protons at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during acceleration from injection to 100 GeV. However, the intrinsic spin resonances beyond 100 GeV are about a factor of 2 stronger than those below 100 GeV making it important to examine the impact of these strong intrinsic spin resonances on polarization survival and the tolerance for vertical orbit distortions. Polarized protons were first accelerated to the record energy of 205 GeV in RHIC with a significant polarization measured at top energy in 2005. This Letter presents the results and discusses the sensitivity of the polarization survival to orbit distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Glenn J. Robert Frost's "The road not taken", Childhood, psychoanalytic symbolism, and creativity. Psychoanal Study Child 2002; 56:361-78. [PMID: 12102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Robert Frost, often regarded as a folksy farmer-poet, was also a more profound, even terrifying, creator. His poem "The Road Not Taken" reveals his delight in multiple meanings, his ambivalence, and his penchant for misleading his readers. He denied that the poem proclaimed his striving for the unconventional and asserted that it was meant to tease his friend Edward Thomas for his compulsive indecisiveness. This essay also notes the unconscious meanings of the poem, including Frost's reactions to losing his close friend, his own indecisiveness, his conflict between heterosexual and homosexual object choices, his need for a "secret sharer," and his attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Psychoanalytic Institute at N.Y.U. Medical Center, USA
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Glenn J. Caring for children with type 2 diabetes. Nurse Pract 2001; 26:56-60. [PMID: 11809042 DOI: 10.1097/00006205-200112000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haque ME, McCoy AJ, Glenn J, Lee J, Lentz BR. Effects of hemagglutinin fusion peptide on poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated fusion of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Biochemistry 2001; 40:14243-51. [PMID: 11714278 DOI: 10.1021/bi011308l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hemagglutinin (HA) fusion peptide (X-31) on poly(ethylene glycol)- (PEG-) mediated vesicle fusion in three different vesicle systems have been compared: dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) large unilamellar perturbed vesicles (pert. LUV). POPC LUVs were asymmetrically perturbed by hydrolyzing 2.5% of the outer leaflet lipid with phospholipase A(2) and removing hydrolysis products with BSA. The mixing of vesicle contents showed that these perturbed vesicles fused in the presence of PEG as did DOPC SUV, but unperturbed LUV did not. Fusion peptide had different effects on the fusion of these different types of vesicles: fusion was not induced in the absence of PEG or in unperturbed DOPC LUV even in the presence of PEG. Fusion was enhanced in DOPC SUV at low peptide surface occupancy but hindered at high surface occupancy. Finally, fusion was hindered in proportion to peptide concentration in perturbed POPC LUV. Contents leakage assays demonstrated that the peptide enhanced leakage in all vesicles. The peptide enhanced lipid transfer between both fusogenic and nonfusogenic vesicles. Peptide binding was detected in terms of enhanced tryptophan fluorescence or through transfer of tryptophan excited-state energy to membrane-bound diphenylhexatriene (DPH). The peptide had a higher affinity for vesicles with packing defects (SUV and perturbed LUV). Quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) indicated that the peptide caused vesicles to aggregate. We conclude that binding of the fusion peptide to vesicle membranes has a significant effect on membrane properties but does not induce fusion. Indeed, the fusion peptide inhibited fusion of perturbed LUV. It can, however, enhance fusion between highly curved membranes that normally fuse when brought into close contact by PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Molecular/Cell Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, USA
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Turner AD, Bock JJ, Beeman JW, Glenn J, Hargrave PC, Hristov VV, Nguyen HT, Rahman F, Sethuraman S, Woodcraft AL. Silicon nitride Micromesh Bolometer Array for Submillimeter Astrophysics. Appl Opt 2001; 40:4921-4932. [PMID: 18364768 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.004921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of a feedhorn-coupled bolometer array intended for a sensitive 350-mum photometer camera. Silicon nitride micromesh absorbers minimize the suspended mass and heat capacity of the bolometers. The temperature transducers, neutron-transmutation-doped Ge thermistors, are attached to the absorber with In bump bonds. Vapor-deposited electrical leads address the thermistors and determine the thermal conductance of the bolometers. The bolometer array demonstrates a dark noise-equivalent power of 2.9 x 10(-17) W/ radicalHz and a mean heat capacity of 1.3 pJ/K at 390 mK. We measure the optical efficiency of the bolometer and feedhorn to be 0.45-0.65 by comparing the response to blackbody calibration sources. The bolometer array demonstrates theoretical noise performance arising from the photon and the phonon and Johnson noise, with photon noise dominant under the design background conditions. We measure the ratio of total noise to photon noise to be 1.21 under an absorbed optical power of 2.4 pW. Excess noise is negligible for audio frequencies as low as 30 mHz. We summarize the trade-offs between bare and feedhorn-coupled detectors and discuss the estimated performance limits of micromesh bolometers. The bolometer array demonstrates the sensitivity required for photon noise-limited performance from a spaceborne, passively cooled telescope.
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Hall R, Adderley N, MacLaren C, McIntyre A, Barker R, Imrie D, Allen C, Glenn J, Fairhurst K, McLaren R. Does intrathecal morphine alter the stress response following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery? Can J Anaesth 2000; 47:463-6. [PMID: 10831205 DOI: 10.1007/bf03018978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrathecal morphine administered prior to coronary artery revascularization (CABG) surgery was studied to determine its effects on the stress response. METHODS In a single centre, open, randomized clinical trial, first time elective CABG surgery patients, < 75 yr, were studied. Control subjects (n=12) received a standardized anesthetic consisting of fentanyl (maximum cumulative dose of 35 microg x kg(-1)), propofol, and pancuronium. In addition, spinal subjects (n=13) received 1.0 mg (age > 60 yr) or 1.5 mg (age < or = 59 yr) intrathecal morphine prior to induction of anesthesia. Control subjects received continuous i.v. morphine at 2 mg x hr(-1) on arrival in the ICU with i.v. bolus morphine supplementation as required while spinal subjects received bolus i.v. morphine as required. Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were measured preoperatively, poststernotomy, on admission to ICU, following tracheal extubation, at 0800 hr on the first postoperative day, and 24 and 48 hr after ICU admission. RESULTS No differences between groups were detected for demographic variables. The percent change in cortisol concentration relative to preoperative values (control vs spinal; (38 (87) vs -41 (46)%: P < 0.05)) was lower in the spinal group on admission to ICU. The percent change in plasma epinephrine levels (control vs spinal) on admission to ICU (285 (337) vs -10 (37)%) and 0800 hr after surgery (314 (341) vs -4 (37)%) was also significantly different. CONCLUSION Intrathecal morphine only partially attenuated the postsurgical stress response in CABG surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Reuhs BL, Stephens SB, Geller DP, Kim JS, Glenn J, Przytycki J, Ojanen-Reuhs T. Epitope identification for a panel of anti-Sinorhizobium meliloti monoclonal antibodies and application to the analysis of K antigens and lipopolysaccharides from bacteroids. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:5186-91. [PMID: 10543844 PMCID: PMC91702 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.11.5186-5191.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In two published reports using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against whole cells, Olsen et al. showed that strain-specific antigens on the surface of cultured cells of Sinorhizobium meliloti were diminished or absent in the endophytic cells (bacteroids) recovered from alfalfa nodules, whereas two common antigens were not affected by bacterial differentiation (P. Olsen, M. Collins, and W. Rice, Can. J. Microbiol. 38:506-509, 1992; P. Olsen, S. Wright, M. Collins, and W. Rice, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:654-661, 1994). The nature of the antigens (i.e., the MAb epitopes), however, were not determined in those studies. For this report, the epitopes for five of the anti-S. meliloti MAbs were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-immunoblot analyses of the polysaccharides extracted from S. meliloti and Sinorhizobium fredii. This showed that the strain-specific MAbs recognized K antigens, whereas the strain-cross-reactive MAbs recognized the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core. The MAbs were then used in the analysis of the LPS and K antigens extracted from S. meliloti bacteroids, which had been recovered from the root nodules of alfalfa, and the results supported the findings of Olsen et al. The size range of the K antigens from bacteroids of S. meliloti NRG247 on polyacrylamide gels was altered, and the epitope was greatly diminished in abundance compared to those from the cultured cells, and no K antigens were detected in the S. meliloti NRG185 bacteroid extract. In contrast to the K antigens, the LPS core appeared to be similar in both cultured cells and bacteroids, although a higher proportion of the LPS fractionated into the organic phase during the phenol-water extraction of the bacteroid polysaccharides. Importantly, immunoblot analysis with an anti-LPS MAb showed that smooth LPS production was modified in the bacteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Reuhs
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712, USA.
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Abstract
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can enhance medical education, but course directors and curriculum designers need thorough, credible evaluative data to make sound decisions about procuring and implementing CAI programs. There has been extensive research on the merits of CAI in general (although much of it is flawed by methodologic shortcomings), but sufficient evaluative data on specific programs are rarely available. The author proposes that a consumer-oriented model would be useful for evaluating CAI programs, and he discusses one published, consumer-oriented evaluation of a multimedia CAI program for ophthalmology students. The author contends that if CAI programs were routinely evaluated using the consumer-oriented model, and if CAI program developers used this model to evaluate their programs during the developmental phase, medical educators would be better able to choose and implement the programs that would best serve their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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Hardy E, Glenn J, Heptinstall S, Rubin PC, Horn EH. Magnesium modifies the responses of platelets to inhibitory agents which act via cAMP. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74:1132-7. [PMID: 8560425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the interaction of raised extracellular magnesium and agents which act via cAMP with respect to inhibition of platelet aggregation and effects on platelet cAMP accumulation. Iloprost (3 ng/ml) and PGD2 (0.2 microgram/ml) each caused time dependent increases in platelet cAMP which were significantly greater in the presence of 3 mM added MgSO4 (p < 0.01). Addition of ADP (5 microM) resulted in a fall in cAMP which remained higher in the presence of MgSO4 (p < 0.01). Forskolin (5 micrograms/ml) and DN9693 (100 microM) also caused increments in platelet cAMP but these responses were not influenced by added MgSO4. Addition of ADP resulted in a further increase in cAMP which was augmented by MgSO4 (p < 0.03). This increase was abolished by adenosine deaminase (1.2 U/ml). These experiments show that MgSO4 can modify the cAMP responses produced by iloprost and PGD2 and by forskolin and DN9693 when ADP is present. It appears that as well as inhibiting, ADP can also stimulate cAMP production under certain experimental conditions. This appears to be due to breakdown of ADP to adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hardy
- Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
SummaryThis study has investigated the interaction of raised extracellular magnesium and agents which act via cAMP with respect to inhibition of platelet aggregation and effects on platelet cAMP accumulation.Iloprost (3 ng/ml) and PGD2 (0.2 μg/ml) each caused time dependent increases in platelet cAMP which were significantly greater in the presence of 3 mM added MgS04 (p <0.01). Addition of ADP (5 μM) resulted in a fall in cAMP which remained higher in the presence of MgS04 (p <0.01).Forskolin (5 μg/ml) and DN9693 (100 μM) also caused increments in platelet cAMP but these responses were not influenced by added MgS04. Addition of ADP resulted in a further increase in cAMP which was augmented by MgS04 (p <0.03). This increase was abolished by adenosine deaminase (1.2 U/ml).These experiments show that MgS04 can modify the cAMP responses produced by iloprost and PGD2 and by forskolin and DN9693 when ADP is present. It appears that as well as inhibiting, ADP can also stimulate cAMP production under certain experimental conditions. This appears to be due to breakdown of ADP to adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hardy
- The Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Glenn
- The Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Heptinstall
- The Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - P C Rubin
- The Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - E H Horn
- The Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
William Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" is manifestly about both the poet's loss of inspirational perceptive powers and emotional intensity with age, and the compensations of maturity. It also refers to the poet's fear that he might lose his "secret sharers," real or fantasied, consciously or unconsciously conceived parent substitutes for whom and with whom one creates. Wordsworth anticipated that with his upcoming marriage he would lose his sister Dorothy and his close friend and collaborator Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who played important roles in his creativity. Optimism and relief replaced sadness when he realized that he was not deprived of his sharers. The concepts of "secret sharers" and "collective alternates" for whom one creates are intimately related.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Psychoanalytic Institute, New York University Medical Center, USA
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Glenn J. Examining roles: home care & public health in disease prevention & health promotion. Caring 1994; 13:18-21. [PMID: 10138553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The New Mexico Association for Home Care is conducting a survey of home care and public health professionals to determine the current industry views on prevention and home care. The results will be important for the whole industry, possibly in setting guidelines for prevention activities. Agencies interested in presenting their views may contact the New Mexico Association for Home Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- New Mexico Association for Home Care
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Wong PY, Mee AV, Glenn J, Keown PA. Performance of HPLC, CycloTrac SP, TDx, and Syva whole blood cyclosporine assays in the Canadian Quality Assurance Program. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:2809-10. [PMID: 7940883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wong
- Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A previously described bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to clinical samples. The sensitivity of the BTV serogroup PCR was increased by the use of non-radioactive chemiluminescent hybridization. Unfractionated whole blood samples from rams experimentally inoculated with cell culture-adapted BTV-11 UC-8 were analyzed by virus isolation (VI) on Vero cells and PCR. VI and PCR were in agreement, with the exception of 3 blood samples that were VI negative and PCR positive. In semen spiked with BTV-11 UC-8, PCR detected as little as 1.6 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of BTV/ml of semen. BTV in the spleen of a sheep submitted for necropsy for suspect BTV infection was detected by both PCR and VI in embryonated chicken eggs. BTV PCR with nonradioactive chemiluminescent hybridization resulted in a level of sensitivity comparable to that of VI and likely more sensitive than VI on Vero cells for blood. This BTV PCR has great promise for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of active BTV infection in a variety of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Akita
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Abstract
A review of the literature, and clinical analytic material suggest that the Isakower phenomenon and its variants consist of representations or sense memory traces of the original infantile feeding experiences integrated with later representations of experiences during the anal and oedipal stages, latency, and even later. With progressive development, memories of earlier experiences are transformed with regard to function, form, content, and meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- New York University Medical Center
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Heptinstall S, Glenn J, Spangenberg P. Changes in G-actin after platelet activation in platelet rich plasma. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68:727-30. [PMID: 1287889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have used the DNase I inhibition assay to study changes in G-actin after platelet activation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induced by ADP. Because of problems associated with depolymerization of F-actin after lysis of ADP-activated platelets in the presence of plasma, G-actin was measured using a lysis buffer that contained formaldehyde to prevent any depolymerization of F-actin. Different patterns of response were seen depending on the concentration of ADP used, and these were modified by avoiding aggregation by either not stirring the sample or by adding EDTA. The results show rapid conversion of G-actin to F-actin in association with shape change, and there is a further decrease in G-actin associated with irreversible platelet aggregation. Thus evidence is presented that actin polymerization occurs in two phases after ADP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heptinstall
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K
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Abstract
The Canadian Quality Assurance Program was initiated in June 1989, and is a voluntary program which currently encompasses all 32 laboratories involved in the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) across Canada. Two whole blood samples from control or clinical patients (kidney, liver and heart) containing unknown concentrations of CsA are circulated to each participating laboratory monthly, and analyzed by all techniques employed within that laboratory. Four analytical methods are currently employed: HPLC (n = 4). Sandimmun SP (n = 3), CycloTrac SP (n = 27) and TDx (n = 3). Four laboratories reported survey results in more than one methodology. Results from all participating centers are analyzed monthly. The mean, SD, standard deviation index and range are reported to each laboratory with information coded to preserve confidentiality. Accuracy, precision, recovery, analytical specificity, linearity and blank studies have been performed. This report covers the period from June 1989 to April 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wong
- Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Wong PY, Mee AV, Glenn J, Keown PA. Quality assessment of cyclosporine monitoring--Canadian validations. Transplant Proc 1990; 22:1216-7. [PMID: 2349683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wong
- Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Keown PA, Glenn J, Denegri J, Maciejewska U, Seccombe D, Stawecki M, Freeman D, Stiller C, Shackleton C, Cameron E. Therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine: impact of a change in standards on 125I-monoclonal RIA performance in comparison with liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/36.5.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study examines the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) by 125I-monoclonal RIA, and describes the impact of the recent change in the standard curve provided. CsA concentrations in serum and whole-blood control samples measured by 125I-RIA were initially 8-18% higher than those by HPLC. During the first two months of 1989, a significant and sustained deviation in the 125I-RIA produced results that exceeded the HPLC results by 21-28% (P less than 0.001). Introduction of the new standard curve in March 1989 returned the concentration of the whole-blood controls to the previous range (11-12% above HPLC, P less than 0.001). Measurement of clinical samples from heart, liver, and bone-marrow graft recipients by 125I-RIA by both old and new kit standards produced a close linear correlation (y = 0.89 x - 19.02; r = 0.99; n = 75, range = 40-850 micrograms/L), with use of the new standards yielding results 82 (SD 8)% of those with the preceding assay. However, even with the new standard curve, CsA concentrations by 125I-RIA in the clinical samples exceeded those by HPLC by a factor of 1.37 (SD 0.18) to 1.52 (SD 0.19). Segregation for transplant type did not affect the RIA/HPLC ratio. The results suggest cross-reactivity of the 125I-RIA with material present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Keown
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Glenn
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Denegri
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - U Maciejewska
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Seccombe
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Stawecki
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Freeman
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Stiller
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Shackleton
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
| | - E Cameron
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
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Keown PA, Glenn J, Denegri J, Maciejewska U, Seccombe D, Stawecki M, Freeman D, Stiller C, Shackleton C, Cameron E. Therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine: impact of a change in standards on 125I-monoclonal RIA performance in comparison with liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 1990; 36:804-7. [PMID: 2337993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) by 125I-monoclonal RIA, and describes the impact of the recent change in the standard curve provided. CsA concentrations in serum and whole-blood control samples measured by 125I-RIA were initially 8-18% higher than those by HPLC. During the first two months of 1989, a significant and sustained deviation in the 125I-RIA produced results that exceeded the HPLC results by 21-28% (P less than 0.001). Introduction of the new standard curve in March 1989 returned the concentration of the whole-blood controls to the previous range (11-12% above HPLC, P less than 0.001). Measurement of clinical samples from heart, liver, and bone-marrow graft recipients by 125I-RIA by both old and new kit standards produced a close linear correlation (y = 0.89 x - 19.02; r = 0.99; n = 75, range = 40-850 micrograms/L), with use of the new standards yielding results 82 (SD 8)% of those with the preceding assay. However, even with the new standard curve, CsA concentrations by 125I-RIA in the clinical samples exceeded those by HPLC by a factor of 1.37 (SD 0.18) to 1.52 (SD 0.19). Segregation for transplant type did not affect the RIA/HPLC ratio. The results suggest cross-reactivity of the 125I-RIA with material present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Keown
- British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, Canada
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Glenn J. Working for workers' health. N Z Nurs J 1989; 81:35-7. [PMID: 2911418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Glenn J, Funkhouser WK, Schneider PS. Acute illnesses necessitating urgent abdominal surgery in neutropenic cancer patients: description of 14 cases and review of the literature. Surgery 1989; 105:778-89. [PMID: 2658181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Through a review of our experience and the literature, the cases of 56 neutropenic cancer patients requiring urgent abdominal surgery have been studied. The most common underlying diagnosis of malignant disease was leukemia (70%), and the most common intra-abdominal disease discovered at surgery was neutropenic enteropathy (61%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 50% of cases. The 30-day postoperative mortality was 32%, and the determinant 6-month survival was 34%. Abdominal pain in a neutropenic cancer patient calls for a thorough evaluation of its cause and careful serial examinations. Evidence of a surgically treatable disease or failure to respond to medical therapy for a presumed medically treatable disease should prompt surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Surgery Branch, Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md
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Abstract
Ten patients with metastatic disease to the liver were treated with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered by continuous hepatic arterial infusion. Two of nine evaluable patients had an objective partial response. Stable disease was recorded in three patients. Ototoxicity was encountered in all patients who received a daily dose of DFMO equal to or greater than 1.0 g/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lipton
- Division of Oncology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Abstract
A developmental view may help clarify confusions that exist regarding masochism. Following Loewenstein, I suggest that protomasochism be distinguished from masochism. Protomasochism comprises conditions prior to the oedipal period which may lead to masochism. Preoedipal precursors of masochism are organized and transformed during the oedipal stage and later. A conscious or unconscious genital sexual fantasy in which pain is an integral part may appear at that time. The demonstration of such a fantasy is essential for the definitive diagnosis of masochism. It is overdetermined and may result from a variety of dynamic configurations and genetic origins. In making those suggestions, I assume, following Freud, that erotogenic masochism is basic to all forms of masochism.
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Abstract
A prospective cohort study was designed to describe the patterns and to determine the factors associated with the risk of rectal prolapse in a commercial swine herd in California, USA. Thirty (1.0 per cent) of 2862 pigs prolapsed between 12 and 28 weeks of age with the peak incidence occurring in 14- to 16-week-old pigs. The overall prolapse rate was 9.1 cases per 100,000 days at risk. Prolapse rates were highest during the winter and autumn months. Other factors associated with an increased risk of prolapse were maleness (relative risk 2.3) birthweight less than 1000 g (relative risk 3.4) Yorkshire boar A (relative risk 2.8) and dams of litter number 1 (relative risk 14.9), 2 (relative risk 8.2) and 3 (relative risk 9.8). No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that diarrhoea and coughing are factors associated with a risk of prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Gardner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Manni A, Badger B, Wright C, Glenn J, Ahmed SR, Demers LM. Species-specificity of estradiol regulated growth factors in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988; 24:1349-54. [PMID: 2846311 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(88)90227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that autocrine/paracrine mechanisms may mediate the mitogenic effect of estradiol (E2) both in human and experimental breast cancer. However, the species-specificity of E2-regulated growth factors with regard to their biologic action has not been evaluated. To test this issue, we examined, in the soft agar clonogenic assay, the colony-stimulating activity in human breast cancers of conditioned media obtained from rat mammary carcinomas exposed to E2 (rat E2-CM). Of 22 primary human breast cancers plated in soft agar in the absence of serum, 18 (82%) successfully grew with a mean colony number of 62.4 +/- 9.8 (S.E.M.) (range 14-193). Rat E2-CM significantly stimulated colony formation in 10/18 (56%) human breast cancers to 155 +/- 11% (S.E.M.) of control. E2 administration (10(-9) M) in these tumors had a virtually identical overall effect (154 +/- 13% of control colony number). In the remaining eight tumors (44%), neither rat E2-CM nor E2 had, in general, a significant colony-stimulating effect. The growth-promoting action of rat E2-CM and E2 was not influenced by the hormone receptor status of the tumor. These results suggest that E2-regulated growth factors may not be species-specific, at least with regard to their colony-stimulating effects in soft agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manni
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Abstract
DNAs of cell lines derived from human metastatic tumors were transfected into tumorigenic, nonmetastasizing murine cells (BALB 3T12-3) to determine if the capacity to metastasize could be conferred by this transfer of portions of the human genome. Using the calcium phosphate method, whole cell DNA was cotransfected into the murine cells along with a neomycin-resistance gene. Recipient murine cells (10(6] which grew in neomycin, indicating successful transfection, were injected via tail vein into 4- to 6-week-old male athymic nude mice. Animals were sacrificed if they appeared ill or at times up to 24 weeks after injection if they remained healthy. Murine cells transfected with DNA from one cell line derived from a hepatic metastasis of a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NCI-ZRY) formed experimental pulmonary metastases in 11 of 13 animals injected. Neither murine cells (unmanipulated BALB 3T12-3 cells) nor murine cells transfected with DNA from the same cell type (BALB 3T12-3 cells transfected with BALB 3T12-3 DNA) produced experimental metastases when each cell type was injected into 20 and 10 animals, respectively (P2 less than 0.0001). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that expression of a structural or regulatory protein encoded on human DNA conferred the metastatic phenotype to the recipient murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Department of Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033
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Glenn J, Steinberg WM, Kurtzman SH, Steinberg SM, Sindelar WF. Evaluation of the utility of a radioimmunoassay for serum CA 19-9 levels in patients before and after treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:462-8. [PMID: 3162513 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1988.6.3.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
By radioimmunoassay we determined circulating levels of a tumor-associated antigen, CA 19-9, in 47 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, to learn if serial testing was useful in predicting prognosis or in detecting disease progression. Before treatment, 42 (89%) had an abnormal serum level, and 45 (96%) had an abnormal level at some time during the disease course. A pretreatment value of less than 1,000 U/mL (normal, less than or equal to 37 U/mL) was found in 38 patients; 20 (53%) had resectable disease. One of nine patients (11%) with a pretreatment value greater than 1,000 U/mL had resectable disease (P2 = .05). Among 14 patients who underwent pancreatectomy and were studied serially, the CA 19-9 level normalized in eight; seven (88%) survived greater than or equal to 18 months. Six patients whose levels did not normalize after pancreatectomy all died in less than 12 months (P2 less than .005). Greatly elevated levels occurred in 11 patients after pancreatectomy 1 to 7 months before clinically apparent recurrence. The other three patients without significant elevations remain clinically free of disease. The data suggest that serial determination of serum CA 19-9 levels are useful as a prognostic indicator and in detecting disease recurrence following pancreatectomy. Concurrent determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels showed abnormal preoperative values in 28 of 46 patients tested (61%). Concurrent serial postoperative determinations of CEA were available in ten patients. Whereas CA 19-9 values clearly indicated eight recurrences, CEA was helpful in only four. In this small group of patients, CA 19-9 was a better predictor of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Abstract
Fifty-seven episodes of anorectal infection in 44 patients with malignant diseases primarily leukemia or lymphoma, have been retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen patients died in hospital, but only in seven cases was the anorectal infection a major contributing cause of death. The most important prognostic indicator of outcome was number of days of neutropenia during the infectious episode. Cultures obtained at the time of surgical drainage or by needle aspiration of the wound revealed multiple organisms in 26 of 29 instances, and anaerobic organisms were the commonest isolates. Anorectal infection was controlled in 28 (55%) of 51 treatment courses when antibiotics were the only treatment given. However, if the antibiotic regimen included both an aminoglycoside and an antibiotic with anaerobic coverage, control of infection was observed in 15 (88%) of 17 cases. There were 26 surgical procedures performed, with acceptable morbidity. Infection was controlled in 19 (73%) of 26 cases treated with surgery and antibiotics. The results support managing most of these infections initially with medical treatment, using an antibiotic regimen that includes an aminoglycoside and a specific drug against anaerobes. Surgery is recommended if there is obvious fluctuance, a significant amount of necrotic tissue evident, or progression of the infection locally or continued sepsis after an adequate antibiotic trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Glenn J. Freud, Vergil, and Aeneas: an unnoticed classical influence on Freud. Am J Psychoanal 1987; 47:279-81. [PMID: 3425775 DOI: 10.1007/bf01250346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Glenn
- Department of Classics, Florida State University
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