51
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Tan B, Wu LJ, Yang XL, Li B, Zhang W, Lei YS, Li Y, Yang GX, Chen J, Chen G, Wang HZ, Shi ZL. Isolation and characterization of adenoviruses infecting endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Virol J 2016; 13:190. [PMID: 27884154 PMCID: PMC5123214 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are important pathogens with the potential for interspecies transmission between humans and non-human primates. Although many adenoviruses have been identified in monkeys, the knowledge of these viruses from the Colobinae members is quite limited. FINDINGS We conducted a surveillance of viral infection in endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the subfamily Colobinae in China, and found that 5.1% of sampled individuals were positive for adenovirus. One of the adenoviruses (SAdV-WIV19) was successfully isolated and its full-length genome was sequenced. The full-length genome of WIV19 is 33,562 bp in size, has a G + C content of 56.2%, and encodes 35 putative genes. Sequence analysis revealed that this virus represents a novel species in the genus Mastadenovirus. Diverse cell lines, including those of human origin, were susceptible to WIV19. CONCLUSION We report the first time the isolation and full-length genomic characterization of an adenovirus from the subfamily Colobinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Song Lei
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Present Address: Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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52
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Sukmak M, Wajjwalku W, Ostner J, Schülke O. A first report of non-invasive adenovirus detection in wild Assamese macaques in Thailand. Primates 2016; 58:307-313. [PMID: 27858173 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several simian adenoviruses (AdVs) have been detected and isolated in various species of non-human primates with the goals of monitoring the health of wildlife and investigating their potential for zoonotic disease transmission. Here, we provide evidence of AdV infection in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis assamensis) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, based on polymerase chain reaction of non-invasively collected fecal samples. Eight out of 110 fecal samples (7.3%), or five out of 87 monkeys (5.7%), showed evidence of AdV infection. All infected individuals were infants or juveniles. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of hexon and polymerase genes revealed two different AdV genotypes. One genotype clustered in the human AdV-G group, while another showed 100% identity with previously reported AdVs of captive Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), which may be tentatively classified as a new species of AdV in non-human primates while awaiting further supporting evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manakorn Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampaengsaen Campus, Kampaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand. .,Kampaengsaen Veterinary Diagnosis Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampaengsaen Campus, Kampaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
| | - Worawidh Wajjwalku
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampaengsaen Campus, Kampaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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53
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Nkogue CN, Horie M, Fujita S, Ogino M, Kobayashi Y, Mizukami K, Masatani T, Ezzikouri S, Matsuu A, Mizutani T, Ozawa M, Yamato O, Ngomanda A, Yamagiwa J, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Molecular epidemiological study of adenovirus infecting western lowland gorillas and humans in and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon). Virus Genes 2016; 52:671-8. [PMID: 27290717 PMCID: PMC5002280 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are widespread in human population as well as in great apes, although the data about the naturally occurring adenovirus infections remain rare. We conducted the surveillance of adenovirus infection in wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon), in order to investigate naturally occurring adenovirus in target gorillas and tested specifically a possible zoonotic transmission with local people inhabiting the vicinity of the park. Fecal samples were collected from western lowland gorillas and humans, and analyzed by PCR. We detected adenoviral genes in samples from both gorillas and the local people living around the national park, respectively: the overall prevalence rates of adenovirus were 24.1 and 35.0 % in gorillas and humans, respectively. Sequencing revealed that the adenoviruses detected in the gorillas were members of Human mastadenovirus B (HAdV-B), HAdV-C, or HAdV-E, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. Although HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus detected in gorillas are genetically distinct from those detected in humans. The HAdV-C constitutes a single host lineage which is compatible with the host-pathogen divergence. However, HAdV-B and HAdV-E are constituted by multiple host lineages. Moreover, there is no evidence of zoonotic transmission thus far. Since the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus has been shown before, the current monitoring should be continued in a broader scale for getting more insights in the natural history of naturally occurring adenoviruses and for the safe management of gorillas' populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimène Nze Nkogue
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujita
- Department of Behavioral Physiology and Ecology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Ogino
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Alfred Ngomanda
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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54
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Grützmacher KS, Köndgen S, Keil V, Todd A, Feistner A, Herbinger I, Petrzelkova K, Fuh T, Leendertz SA, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz FH. Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:499-510. [PMID: 27436109 PMCID: PMC7088376 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pneumoviruses have been identified as causative agents in several respiratory disease outbreaks in habituated wild great apes. Based on phylogenetic evidence, transmission from humans is likely. However, the pathogens have never been detected in the local human population prior to or at the same time as an outbreak. Here, we report the first simultaneous detection of a human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and in the local human population at a field program in the Central African Republic. A total of 15 gorilla and 15 human fecal samples and 80 human throat swabs were tested for HRSV, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory viruses. We were able to obtain identical sequences for HRSV A from four gorillas and four humans. In contrast, we did not detect HRSV or any other classic human respiratory virus in gorilla fecal samples in two other outbreaks in the same field program. Enterovirus sequences were detected but the implication of these viruses in the etiology of these outbreaks remains speculative. Our findings of HRSV in wild but human-habituated gorillas underline, once again, the risk of interspecies transmission from humans to endangered great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Grützmacher
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Köndgen
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Keil
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelique Todd
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | - Anna Feistner
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | | | - Klara Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60365, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Terrence Fuh
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | - Siv Aina Leendertz
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestr 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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55
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Loustalot F, Creyssels S, Salinas S, Benkõ M, Harrach B, Mennechet FJD, Kremer EJ. [Is there a risk of zoonotic disease due to adenoviruses?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:1102-8. [PMID: 26672663 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year brings another round of zoonotic viral infections. Usually they fall under the radar, but the occasional lethal epidemic brings another scare to the public and new urgency to the medical community. The types of these viruses (DNA vs. RNA genomes, enveloped vs. proteinaceous) as well as the preceding host(s) vary. Over the last 20 years, bats have been identified as an enigmatic carrier for several pathogens that have jumped the species barrier and infected humans. Factors that favour the emergence of zoonotic pathogens include the increasing overlap of the human and animal habitats, cultural activities, and the host reservoir. In this context, we asked whether bat and/or nonhuman primate adenoviruses are a risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Loustalot
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Creyssels
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mária Benkõ
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Center for Agricultural Research, Hungarian academy of sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hongrie
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Center for Agricultural Research, Hungarian academy of sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hongrie
| | - Franck J D Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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56
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Cheng C, Wang L, Ko SY, Kong WP, Schmidt SD, Gall JGD, Colloca S, Seder RA, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Combination recombinant simian or chimpanzee adenoviral vectors for vaccine development. Vaccine 2015; 33:7344-7351. [PMID: 26514419 PMCID: PMC11059210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral vector (rAd)-based vaccines are currently being developed for several infectious diseases and cancer therapy, but pre-existing seroprevalence to such vectors may prevent their use in broad human populations. In this study, we investigated the potential of low seroprevalence non-human primate rAd vectors to stimulate cellular and humoral responses using HIV/SIV Env glycoprotein (gp) as the representative antigen. Mice were immunized with novel simian or chimpanzee rAd (rSAV or rChAd) vectors encoding HIV gp or SIV gp by single immunization or in heterologous prime/boost combinations (DNA/rAd; rAd/rAd; rAd/NYVAC or rAd/rLCM), and adaptive immunity was assessed. Among the rSAV and rChAd tested, rSAV16 or rChAd3 vector alone generated the most potent immune responses. The DNA/rSAV regimen also generated immune responses similar to the DNA/rAd5 regimen. rChAd63/rChAd3 and rChAd3 /NYVAC induced similar or even higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and IgG responses as compared to rAd28/rAd5, one of the most potent combinations of human rAds. The optimized vaccine regimen stimulated improved cellular immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against HIV compared to the DNA/rAd5 regimen. Based on these results, this type of novel rAd vector and its prime/boost combination regimens represent promising candidates for vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- AIDS Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Adenoviruses, Simian/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Simian/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- SAIDS Vaccines/genetics
- SAIDS Vaccines/immunology
- SAIDS Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Sung-Youl Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Jason G D Gall
- GenVec, Inc., 65 West Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | | | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
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57
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Hoppe E, Pauly M, Robbins M, Gray M, Kujirakwinja D, Nishuli R, Boji Mungu-Akonkwa DD, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B. Phylogenomic evidence for recombination of adenoviruses in wild gorillas. J Gen Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Hoppe
- Division 12 ‘Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients’, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maude Pauly
- Division 12 ‘Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients’, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- P3 ‘Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms’, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martha Robbins
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryke Gray
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deo Kujirakwinja
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Grauer's Gorilla Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Radar Nishuli
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Fabian H. Leendertz
- P3 ‘Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms’, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 ‘Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients’, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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58
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Taxonomy proposal for Old World monkey adenoviruses: characterisation of several non-human, non-ape primate adenovirus lineages. Arch Virol 2015; 160:3165-77. [PMID: 26370792 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A species classification regarding Old World monkey adenoviruses is proposed. We determined the nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified fragments from the genes of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, penton base, and hexon proteins from every simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotype that originated from Old World monkeys for which the full genome sequence had not yet been published. We confirmed that the majority of Old Word monkey SAdVs belong to two previously established species. Interestingly, one is the most recently established human AdV species, Human mastadenovirus G, which includes a single human virus, HAdV-52, as well as SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15. The other approved species, Simian mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) together with baboon AdV-1 and rhesus monkey AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335 have been proposed to be classified into an additional species, Simian mastadenovirus B. Another proposed species, Simian mastadenovirus C has been described for SAdV-19, baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four additional AdV lineages. The corresponding new candidate species are Simian mastadenovirus D (for SAdV-13), Simian mastadenovirus E (for SAdV-16), Simian mastadenovirus F (for SAdV-17 and -18), and Simian mastadenovirus G (for SAdV-20). Several biological and genomic properties, such as the host origin, haemagglutination profile, number of fibre genes, and G+C content of the genome, strongly support this classification. Three SAdV strains originating from the American Type Culture Collection turned out to be mixtures of at least two virus types, either of the same species (SAdV-12 and -15 types from Human mastadenovirus G) or of two different species (SAdV-5 types from Simian mastadenovirus B and Human mastadenovirus G).
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59
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Pauly M, Akoua-Koffi C, Buchwald N, Schubert G, Weiss S, Couacy-Hymann E, Anoh AE, Mossoun A, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz SA, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B. Adenovirus in Rural Côte D'Ivoire: High Diversity and Cross-Species Detection. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:441-452. [PMID: 25990885 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Taï region in Western Côte d'Ivoire is characterized by extensive overlap of human and animal habitats. This could influence patterns of adenovirus transmission between humans and domestic animals. Fecal samples from humans and various domestic animals were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by PCR. Phylogenetic and species delineation analyses were performed to further characterize the adenoviruses circulating in the region and to identify potential cross-species transmission events. Among domestic animals, adenovirus shedding was frequent (21.6% of domestic mammals and 41.5% of chickens) and the detected strains were highly diverse, several of them representing novel types. Although no evidence for zoonotic transmission of animal adenovirus was obtained, the present study provides concordant evidence in favor of common cross-species transmission of adenoviruses between different animal species and first indications for adenovirus transmission from humans to animals. These findings underline the thus far underestimated importance of reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses and of the role of domestic animals as pathogen reservoirs, "bridge species," or intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pauly
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 20A Rue Auguste Lumière, 1950, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nanina Buchwald
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Schubert
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Augustin Etile Anoh
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Arsène Mossoun
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siv Aina Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Foytich KR, Deshazer G, Esona MD, Liu A, Wang Y, Tu X, Jiang B. Identification of new provisional simian adenovirus species from captive monkeys, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1758-9. [PMID: 25271868 PMCID: PMC4193269 DOI: 10.3201/eid2010.131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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De Nys HM, Madinda NF, Merkel K, Robbins M, Boesch C, Leendertz FH, Calvignac-Spencer S. A cautionary note on fecal sampling and molecular epidemiology in predatory wild great apes. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:833-40. [PMID: 26031302 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fecal samples are an important source of information on parasites (viruses, prokaryotes, or eukaryotes) infecting wild great apes. Molecular analysis of fecal samples has already been used for deciphering the origins of major human pathogens such as HIV-1 or Plasmodium falciparum. However, for apes that hunt (chimpanzees and bonobos), detection of parasite nucleic acids may reflect either true infection of the host of interest or ingestion of an infected prey, for example, another non-human primate. To determine the potential magnitude of this issue, we estimated the prevalence of prey DNA in fecal samples obtained from two wild chimpanzee communities. We observed values >15%, which are higher than or close to the fecal detection rates of many great ape parasites. Contamination of fecal samples with parasite DNA from dietary origin may therefore occasionally impact non-invasive epidemiological studies. This problem can be addressed (at least partially) by monitoring the presence of prey DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marie De Nys
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nadège Freda Madinda
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany.,Institut de Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Kevin Merkel
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martha Robbins
- Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
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62
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Hoppe E, Pauly M, Gillespie TR, Akoua-Koffi C, Hohmann G, Fruth B, Karhemere S, Madinda NF, Mugisha L, Muyembe JJ, Todd A, Petrzelkova KJ, Gray M, Robbins M, Bergl RA, Wittig RM, Zuberbühler K, Boesch C, Schubert G, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B, Calvignac-Spencer S. Multiple Cross-Species Transmission Events of Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) during Hominine Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2072-84. [PMID: 25862141 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV; species HAdV-A to -G) are highly prevalent in the human population, and represent an important cause of morbidity and, to a lesser extent, mortality. Recent studies have identified close relatives of these viruses in African great apes, suggesting that some HAdV may be of zoonotic origin. We analyzed more than 800 fecal samples from wild African great apes and humans to further investigate the evolutionary history and zoonotic potential of hominine HAdV. HAdV-B and -E were frequently detected in wild gorillas (55%) and chimpanzees (25%), respectively. Bayesian ancestral host reconstruction under discrete diffusion models supported a gorilla and chimpanzee origin for these viral species. Host switches were relatively rare along HAdV evolution, with about ten events recorded in 4.5 My. Despite presumably rare direct contact between sympatric populations of the two species, transmission events from gorillas to chimpanzees were observed, suggesting that habitat and dietary overlap may lead to fecal-oral cross-hominine transmission of HAdV. Finally, we determined that two independent HAdV-B transmission events to humans occurred more than 100,000 years ago. We conclude that HAdV-B circulating in humans are of zoonotic origin and have probably affected global human health for most of our species lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Hoppe
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maude Pauly
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas R Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouake, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zooological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stomy Karhemere
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nadège F Madinda
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Lawrence Mugisha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Conservation & Ecosystem Health Alliance (CEHA), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Angelique Todd
- World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Klara J Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Maryke Gray
- International Gorilla Conservation Program, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Martha Robbins
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Roman M Wittig
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grit Schubert
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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63
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Seimon TA, Olson SH, Lee KJ, Rosen G, Ondzie A, Cameron K, Reed P, Anthony SJ, Joly DO, McAloose D, Lipkin WI. Adenovirus and herpesvirus diversity in free-ranging great apes in the Sangha region of the Republic Of Congo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118543. [PMID: 25781992 PMCID: PMC4362762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have caused die-offs in both free-ranging gorillas and chimpanzees. Understanding pathogen diversity and disease ecology is therefore critical for conserving these endangered animals. To determine viral diversity in free-ranging, non-habituated gorillas and chimpanzees in the Republic of Congo, genetic testing was performed on great-ape fecal samples collected near Odzala-Kokoua National Park. Samples were analyzed to determine ape species, identify individuals in the population, and to test for the presence of herpesviruses, adenoviruses, poxviruses, bocaviruses, flaviviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, filoviruses, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We identified 19 DNA viruses representing two viral families, Herpesviridae and Adenoviridae, of which three herpesviruses had not been previously described. Co-detections of multiple herpesviruses and/or adenoviruses were present in both gorillas and chimpanzees. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and lymphocryptovirus (LCV) were found primarily in the context of co-association with each other and adenoviruses. Using viral discovery curves for herpesviruses and adenoviruses, the total viral richness in the sample population of gorillas and chimpanzees was estimated to be a minimum of 23 viruses, corresponding to a detection rate of 83%. These findings represent the first description of DNA viral diversity in feces from free-ranging gorillas and chimpanzees in or near the Odzala-Kokoua National Park and form a basis for understanding the types of viruses circulating among great apes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie A. Seimon
- Zoological Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah H. Olson
- Wildlife Health and Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kerry Jo Lee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gail Rosen
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alain Ondzie
- Wildlife Health and Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Cameron
- Wildlife Health and Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia Reed
- Wildlife Health and Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Simon J. Anthony
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Damien O. Joly
- Wildlife Health and Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Denise McAloose
- Zoological Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, and they continue to provide clinical challenges pertaining to diagnostics and treatment. The growing number of HAdV types identified by genomic analysis, as well as the improved understanding of the sites of viral persistence and reactivation, requires continuous adaptions of diagnostic approaches to facilitate timely detection and monitoring of HAdV infections. In view of the clinical relevance of life-threatening HAdV diseases in the immunocompromised setting, there is an urgent need for highly effective treatment modalities lacking major side effects. The present review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding and management of HAdV infections.
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65
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Cortés-Hinojosa G, Gulland FMD, Goldstein T, Venn-Watson S, Rivera R, Waltzek TB, Salemi M, Wellehan JFX. Phylogenomic characterization of California sea lion adenovirus-1. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:270-6. [PMID: 25660039 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant adenoviral diversity has been found in humans, but in domestic and wild animals the number of identified viruses is lower. Here we present the complete genome of a recently discovered mastadenovirus, California sea lion adenovirus 1 (CSLAdV-1) isolated from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), an important pathogen associated with hepatitis in pinnipeds. The genome of this virus has the typical mastadenoviral structure with some notable differences at the carboxy-terminal end, including a dUTPase that does not cluster with other mastadenoviral dUTPases, and a fiber that shows similarity to a trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi and choline-binding protein A (CbpA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The GC content is low (36%), and phylogenetic analyses placed the virus near the root of the clade infecting laurasiatherian hosts in the genus Mastadenovirus. These findings support the hypothesis that CSLAdV-1 in California sea lions represents a host jump from an unknown mammalian host in which it is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Rivera
- Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, 2595 Ingraham St., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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66
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Diversity and Prevalence of Diarrhea-Associated Viruses in the Lemur Community and Associated Human Population of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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67
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Benkő M, Harrach B, Kremer EJ. Do nonhuman primate or bat adenoviruses pose a risk for human health? Future Microbiol 2015; 9:269-72. [PMID: 24762301 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
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Keita MB, Hamad I, Bittar F. Looking in apes as a source of human pathogens. Microb Pathog 2014; 77:149-54. [PMID: 25220240 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Because of the close genetic relatedness between apes and humans, apes are susceptible to many human infectious agents and can serve as carriers of these pathogens. Consequently, they present a serious health hazard to humans. Moreover, many emerging infectious diseases originate in wildlife and continue to threaten human populations, especially vector-borne diseases described in great apes, such as malaria and rickettsiosis. These wild primates may be permanent reservoirs and important sources of human pathogens. In this special issue, we report that apes, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei), orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii), gibbons (Hylobates spp., Hoolock spp. and Nomascus spp) and siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus syndactylus and Symphalangus continentis), have many bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic species that are capable of infecting humans. Serious measures should be adopted in tropical forests and sub-tropical areas where habitat overlaps are frequent to survey and prevent infectious diseases from spreading from apes to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou B Keita
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Fadi Bittar
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France.
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69
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Malouli D, Howell GL, Legasse AW, Kahl C, Axthelm MK, Hansen SG, Früh K. Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus of rhesus macaque origin indicates a new simian adenovirus type and species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3-4:18-29. [PMID: 25530944 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple novel simian adenoviruses have been isolated over the past years and their potential to cross the species barrier and infect the human population is an ever present threat. Here we describe the isolation and full genome sequencing of a novel simian adenovirus (SAdV) isolated from the urine of two independent, never co-housed, late stage simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. The viral genome sequences revealed a novel type with a unique genome length, GC content, E3 region and DNA polymerase amino acid sequence that is sufficiently distinct from all currently known human- or simian adenovirus species to warrant classifying these isolates as a novel species of simian adenovirus. This new species, termed Simian mastadenovirus D (SAdV-D), displays the standard genome organization for the genus Mastadenovirus containing only one copy of the fiber gene which sets it apart from the old world monkey adenovirus species HAdV-G, SAdV-B and SAdV-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Grant L Howell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christoph Kahl
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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71
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Ghebremedhin B. Human adenovirus: Viral pathogen with increasing importance. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2014; 4:26-33. [PMID: 24678403 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.4.2014.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the biology of human adenovirus (HAdV), the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and to present a practical update on its diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. There are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical syndromes: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), which are caused by different HAdV serotypes. The exact incidence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is still poorly known. However, cases are more frequent during warmer months. The virus is endemic in the general population, and frequently causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients, especially the pediatric patients. Contagion is possible through direct contact or fomites, and the virus is extremely resistant to different physical and chemical agents. The clinical signs or symptoms of conjunctival infection are similar to any other conjunctivitis, with a higher incidence of pseudomembranes. In the cornea, adenoviral infection may lead to keratitis nummularis. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but its etiology can be confirmed using cell cultures, antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction or immunochromatography. Multiple treatments have been tried for this disease, but none of them seem to be completely effective. Prevention is the most reliable and recommended strategy to control this contagious infection.
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72
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Reverse zoonotic disease transmission (zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human biological threats to animals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89055. [PMID: 24586500 PMCID: PMC3938448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research regarding zoonotic diseases often focuses on infectious diseases animals have given to humans. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that humans are transmitting pathogens to animals. Recent examples include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, influenza A virus, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Ascaris lumbricoides. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of published literature regarding reverse zoonoses and highlight the need for future work in this area. Methods An initial broad literature review yielded 4763 titles, of which 4704 were excluded as not meeting inclusion criteria. After careful screening, 56 articles (from 56 countries over three decades) with documented human-to-animal disease transmission were included in this report. Findings In these publications, 21 (38%) pathogens studied were bacterial, 16 (29%) were viral, 12 (21%) were parasitic, and 7 (13%) were fungal, other, or involved multiple pathogens. Effected animals included wildlife (n = 28, 50%), livestock (n = 24, 43%), companion animals (n = 13, 23%), and various other animals or animals not explicitly mentioned (n = 2, 4%). Published reports of reverse zoonoses transmission occurred in every continent except Antarctica therefore indicating a worldwide disease threat. Interpretation As we see a global increase in industrial animal production, the rapid movement of humans and animals, and the habitats of humans and wild animals intertwining with great complexity, the future promises more opportunities for humans to cause reverse zoonoses. Scientific research must be conducted in this area to provide a richer understanding of emerging and reemerging disease threats. As a result, multidisciplinary approaches such as One Health will be needed to mitigate these problems.
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73
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The genome sequence of a novel simian adenovirus in a chimpanzee reveals a close relationship to human adenoviruses. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1765-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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74
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Lonsdorf E, Travis D, Ssuna R, Lantz E, Wilson M, Gamble K, Terio K, Leendertz F, Ehlers B, Keele B, Hahn B, Gillespie T, Pond J, Raphael J, Collins A. Field immobilization for treatment of an unknown illness in a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania: findings, challenges, and lessons learned. Primates 2014; 55:89-99. [PMID: 23872909 PMCID: PMC3872260 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are widely presumed to be one of the greatest threats to ape conservation in the wild. Human diseases are of particular concern, and the costs and benefits of human presence in protected areas with apes are regularly debated. While numerous syndromes with fatal outcomes have recently been described, precise identification of pathogens remains difficult. These diagnostic difficulties are compounded by the fact that direct veterinary intervention on wild apes is quite rare. Here we present the unique case of a wild chimpanzee at Gombe National Park that was observed with a severe illness and was subsequently examined and treated in the field. Multiple specimens were collected and tested with the aim of identifying the pathogen responsible for the illness. Our findings represent the first extensive screening of a living wild chimpanzee, yet despite our efforts, the cause and source of illness remain unknown. Nevertheless, our findings represent valuable baseline data for the ape conservation community and for comparison with other recent findings. In addition, we present the case here to demonstrate the planning required and multiple types of expertise necessary to maximize the amount of data obtained from such a rare intervention, and to provide lessons learned for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lonsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604, USA,
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Villarreal DO, Talbott KT, Choo DK, Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB. Synthetic DNA vaccine strategies against persistent viral infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:537-54. [PMID: 23659301 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human body has developed an elaborate defense system against microbial pathogens and foreign antigens. However, particular microbes have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade immune surveillance, allowing persistence within the human host. In an effort to combat such infections, intensive research has focused on the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures to suppress or clear persistent viral infections. To date, popular therapeutic strategies have included the use of live-attenuated microbes, viral vectors and dendritic-cell vaccines aiming to help suppress or clear infection. In recent years, improved DNA vaccines have now re-emerged as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention due to the development of advanced optimization and delivery technologies. For instance, genetic optimization of synthetic plasmid constructs and their encoded antigens, in vivo electroporation-mediated vaccine delivery, as well as codelivery with molecular adjuvants have collectively enhanced both transgene expression and the elicitation of vaccine-induced immunity. In addition, the development of potent heterologous prime-boost regimens has also provided significant contributions to DNA vaccine immunogenicity. Herein, the authors will focus on these recent improvements to this synthetic platform in relation to their application in combating persistent virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Dehghan S, Seto J, Jones MS, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D. Simian adenovirus type 35 has a recombinant genome comprising human and simian adenovirus sequences, which predicts its potential emergence as a human respiratory pathogen. Virology 2013; 447:265-73. [PMID: 24210123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergent human and simian adenoviruses (HAdVs) may arise from genome recombination. Computational analysis of SAdV type 35 reveals a genome comprising a chassis with elements mostly from two simian adenoviruses, SAdV-B21 and -B27, and regions of high sequence similarity shared with HAdV-B21 and HAdV-B16. Although recombination direction cannot be determined, the presence of these regions suggests prior infections of humans by an ancestor of SAdV-B35, and/or vice versa. Absence of this virus in humans may reflect non-optimal conditions for zoonosis or incomplete typing, e.g., limited epitope-based. The presence of both a critical viral replication element found in HAdV genomes and genes that are highly similar to ones in HAdVs suggest the potential to establish in a human host. This allows a prediction that this virus may be a nascent human respiratory pathogen. The recombination potential of human and simian adenovirus genomes should be considered in the use of SAdVs as vectors for gene delivery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaleh Dehghan
- Chemistry Department, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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Jian L, Zhao Q, Zhang S, Huang W, Xiong Y, Zhou X, Jia B. The prevalence of neutralising antibodies to chimpanzee adenovirus type 6 and type 7 in healthy adult volunteers, patients with chronic hepatitis B and patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in China. Arch Virol 2013; 159:465-70. [PMID: 24057756 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against adenovirus in the population is a major hurdle preventing the effective use of replication-defective adenoviruses (Ads) as candidates for gene therapy and vaccine vectors for many diseases. Only a few studies have described the epidemiology of pre-existing immunity to chimpanzee Ads in China. To assess the prevalence of NAbs to chimpanzee adenovirus serotypes 6 and 7 (AdC6 and AdC7), we enrolled 998 healthy participants from five regions in China as well as 196 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients and 193 primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from Chongqing, China. The total seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the healthy participants were 12.22 % (122/998) (95 % confidence interval [CI], 10.34-14.40 %) and 13.13 % (131/998) (95 % CI, 11.17-15.36 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the HBV patients were 21.43 % (42/196) (95 % CI, 16.26-27.69 %) and 25.51 % (50/196) (95 % CI, 19.92-32.04 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the HCC patients were 27.46 % (53/193) (95 % CI, 21.65-34.15 %) and 31.09 % (60/193) (95 % CI, 24.98-37.93 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of these Ads were not associated with age and gender. The present study may provide useful insights for developing future AdC-based vaccines and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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78
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Yu G, Yagi S, Carrion R, Chen EC, Liu M, Brasky KM, Lanford RE, Kelly KR, Bales KL, Schnurr DP, Canfield DR, Patterson JL, Chiu CY. Experimental cross-species infection of common marmosets by titi monkey adenovirus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68558. [PMID: 23894316 PMCID: PMC3722195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are DNA viruses that infect a number of vertebrate hosts and are associated with both sporadic and epidemic disease in humans. We previously identified a novel adenovirus, titi monkey adenovirus (TMAdV), as the cause of a fulminant pneumonia outbreak in a colony of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) at a national primate center in 2009. Serological evidence of infection by TMAdV was also found in a human researcher at the facility and household family member, raising concerns for potential cross-species transmission of the virus. Here we present experimental evidence of cross-species TMAdV infection in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Nasal inoculation of a cell cultured-adapted TMAdV strain into three marmosets produced an acute, mild respiratory illness characterized by low-grade fever, reduced activity, anorexia, and sneezing. An increase in virus-specific neutralization antibody titers accompanied the development of clinical signs. Although serially collected nasal swabs were positive for TMAdV for at least 8 days, all 3 infected marmosets spontaneously recovered by day 12 post-inoculation, and persistence of the virus in tissues could not be established. Thus, the pathogenesis of experimental inoculation of TMAdV in common marmosets resembled the mild, self-limiting respiratory infection typically seen in immunocompetent human hosts rather than the rapidly progressive, fatal pneumonia observed in 19 of 23 titi monkeys during the prior 2009 outbreak. These findings further establish the potential for adenovirus cross-species transmission and provide the basis for development of a monkey model useful for assessing the zoonotic potential of adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shigeo Yagi
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunice C. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Liu
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Brasky
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Lanford
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristi R. Kelly
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Bales
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Schnurr
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Don R. Canfield
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Duncan M, Cranfield MR, Torano H, Kuete HM, Lee GP, Glenn A, Bruder JT, Rangel D, Brough DE, Gall JG. Adenoviruses isolated from wild gorillas are closely related to human species C viruses. Virology 2013; 444:119-23. [PMID: 23806387 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated and cultured three distinct adenoviruses from wild gorillas. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the viruses with human adenovirus species C based on DNA polymerase, hexon, and E4ORF6 genes. The three wild gorilla adenoviruses clustered with the other species C captive gorilla adenoviruses, forming a branch separate from human and chimpanzee/bonobo adenoviruses. Animal sera to the three newly isolated viruses did not cross-neutralize, demonstrating serological distinctiveness. The human adenovirus 5 fiber knob blocked infection, suggesting use of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor. These viruses may provide viral vectors with properties distinct from chimpanzee adenovirus and human adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- McVey Duncan
- GenVec, Inc., 65W. Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Scuda N, Madinda NF, Akoua-Koffi C, Adjogoua EV, Wevers D, Hofmann J, Cameron KN, Leendertz SAJ, Couacy-Hymann E, Robbins M, Boesch C, Jarvis MA, Moens U, Mugisha L, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B. Novel polyomaviruses of nonhuman primates: genetic and serological predictors for the existence of multiple unknown polyomaviruses within the human population. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003429. [PMID: 23818846 PMCID: PMC3688531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a family of small non-enveloped DNA viruses that encode oncogenes and have been associated, to greater or lesser extent, with human disease and cancer. Currently, twelve polyomaviruses are known to circulate within the human population. To further examine the diversity of human polyomaviruses, we have utilized a combinatorial approach comprised of initial degenerate primer-based PCR identification and phylogenetic analysis of nonhuman primate (NHP) polyomavirus species, followed by polyomavirus-specific serological analysis of human sera. Using this approach we identified twenty novel NHP polyomaviruses: nine in great apes (six in chimpanzees, two in gorillas and one in orangutan), five in Old World monkeys and six in New World monkeys. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only four of the nine chimpanzee polyomaviruses (six novel and three previously identified) had known close human counterparts. To determine whether the remaining chimpanzee polyomaviruses had potential human counterparts, the major viral capsid proteins (VP1) of four chimpanzee polyomaviruses were expressed in E. coli for use as antigens in enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Human serum/plasma samples from both Côte d'Ivoire and Germany showed frequent seropositivity for the four viruses. Antibody pre-adsorption-based ELISA excluded the possibility that reactivities resulted from binding to known human polyomaviruses. Together, these results support the existence of additional polyomaviruses circulating within the human population that are genetically and serologically related to existing chimpanzee polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Scuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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81
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Hartmann NM, Dartscht M, Szewzyk R, Selinka HC. Monitoring of adenovirus serotypes in environmental samples by combined PCR and melting point analyses. Virol J 2013; 10:190. [PMID: 23758742 PMCID: PMC3706342 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses are promising candidates for addressing health risks associated with enteric viruses in environmental waters. Relatively harmless but common, these DNA viruses persist within the population and are generally considered extremely stable, remaining infectious in water for long periods of time. Group-specific or single species detection of human adenoviruses in environmental samples is usually based on polymerase chain reaction assays. Simultaneous identification of specific species or serotypes needs additional processing. Here we present a simple molecular approach for the monitoring of serotypic diversity in the human adenovirus populations in contaminated water sites. METHODS Diversity patterns of human adenoviruses in environmental samples, collected in an outdoor artificial stream and pond simulation system, were analyzed using a closed tube polymerase chain reaction method with subsequent melting point analysis. RESULTS Human adenovirus serotype 41 was the most prominent adenovirus serotype detected in environmental water samples, but melting point analyses indicated the presence of additional adenovirus serotypes. CONCLUSIONS Based on investigations with spiked and environmental samples, a combination of qPCR and melting point analysis was shown to identify adenovirus serotypes in sewage contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Marten Hartmann
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA, Umweltbundesamt), Division II 1.4 Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Dartscht
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA, Umweltbundesamt), Division II 1.4 Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Szewzyk
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA, Umweltbundesamt), Division II 1.4 Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Selinka
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA, Umweltbundesamt), Division II 1.4 Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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A novel adenovirus species associated with an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony and evidence of coincident human infection. mBio 2013; 4:e00084. [PMID: 23592261 PMCID: PMC3634605 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00084-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that infect many vertebrate hosts, including humans and nonhuman primates. Here we identify a novel AdV species, provisionally named “simian adenovirus C (SAdV-C),” associated with a 1997 outbreak of acute respiratory illness in captive baboons (4 of 9) at a primate research facility in Texas. None of the six AdVs recovered from baboons (BaAdVs) during the outbreak, including the two baboons who died from pneumonia, were typeable. Since clinical samples from the two fatal cases were not available, whole-genome sequencing of nasal isolates from one sick baboon and three asymptomatic baboons during the outbreak was performed. Three AdVs were members of species SAdV-C (BaAdV-2 and BaAdV-4 were genetically identical, and BaAdV-3), while one (BaAdV-1) was a member of the recently described SAdV-B species. BaAdV-3 was the only AdV among the 4 isolated from a sick baboon, and thus was deemed to be the cause of the outbreak. Significant divergence (<58% amino acid identity) was found in one of the fiber proteins of BaAdV-3 relative to BaAdV-2 and -4, suggesting that BaAdV-3 may be a rare SAdV-C recombinant. Neutralizing antibodies to the other 3 AdVs, but not BaAdV-3, were detected in healthy baboons from 1996 to 2003 and staff personnel from 1997. These results implicate a novel adenovirus species (SAdV-C) in an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony and underscore the potential for cross-species transmission of AdVs between humans and nonhuman primates. Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that infect many animals, including humans and monkeys. In 1997, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness from AdVs occurred in a baboon colony in Texas. Here we use whole-genome sequencing and antibody testing to investigate new AdVs in baboons (BaAdVs) during the outbreak, one of which, BaAdV-3, came from a sick animal. By sequence analysis, BaAdV-3 may be a recombinant strain that arose from a related BaAdV found in baboons nearby in the colony (who were not sick) and yet another unknown AdV. We also found antibodies to these new BaAdVs in baboons and staff personnel at the facility. Taken together, our findings of a new AdV species as the cause of an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony underscore the ongoing threat from emerging viruses that may carry the potential for cross-species transmission between monkeys and humans.
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Abstract
Bat adenoviruses are a group of recently identified adenoviruses (AdVs) which are highly prevalent in bats yet share low similarity to known AdVs from other species. In this study, deep RNA sequencing was used to analyze the transcriptome at five time points following the infection of a bat AdV in a kidney cell line derived from a myotis bat species. Evidence of AdV replication was observed with the proportion of viral RNAs ranging from 0.01% at 6 h to 1.3% at 18 h. Further analysis of viral temporal gene expression revealed three replication stages, the early-stage genes encoding mainly host interaction proteins, the intermediate-stage genes for the DNA replication and assembly proteins, and the late-stage genes for most structural proteins. Several bat AdV genes were expressed at stages that differed from those of their counterpart genes previously reported for human AdV type 2. In addition, single-base resolution splice sites of several genes and promoter regions of all 30 viral genes were fully determined. Simultaneously, the temporal cellular gene expression profiles were identified. The most overrepresented functional categories of the differentially expressed genes were related to cellular immune response, transcription, translation, and DNA replication and repair. Taken together, the deep RNA sequencing provided a global, transcriptional profile of the novel bat AdV and the virus-host interactions which will be useful for the understanding and investigation of AdV replication, pathogenesis, and specific virus-bat interactions in future research.
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84
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Roy S, Sandhu A, Medina A, Clawson DS, Wilson JM. Adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:1081-8. [PMID: 22709783 PMCID: PMC3376797 DOI: 10.3201/eid1807.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates contained fiber genes similar to those of adenovirus strains that cause infectious diarrhea in humans. Adenoviruses can cause infectious diarrheal disease or respiratory infections in humans; 2 recent reports have indicated probable human infection with simian adenoviruses (SAdVs). To assess the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs, we tested fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques housed in 5 primate facilities in the United States and cultured 23 SAdV isolates. Of these, 9 were purified and completely sequenced; 3 SAdV samples from the American Type Culture Collection (SAdV-6, SAdV-18, and SAdV-20) were also completely sequenced. The sequence of SAdV-18 was closely related to that of human adenovirus F across the whole genome, and the new isolates were found to harbor 2 fiber genes similar to those of human adenovirus (HAdV) strains HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, which can cause infectious diarrhea. The high prevalence of adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques and the similarity of the isolates to human strains indicates the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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85
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Hall NH, Archer LL, Childress AL, Wellehan JFX. Identification of a novel adenovirus in a cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:359-63. [PMID: 22379053 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711435809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel adenovirus was identified in a cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) with diarrhea by negative-staining electron microscopy of feces, consensus polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Partial sequences were obtained from the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, the p52k gene, and the hexon. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus is a member of the genus Mastadenovirus, and is herein termed Saguinus siadenovirus 1. The phylogeny of the mastadenoviruses is similar to that of their hosts, supporting coevolution. Support for this was strongest in the analysis of the predicted hexon protein. The obtained sequences were GC-rich, which may suggest a lack of recent host jumps. The diversity and evolution of the adenoviruses of platyrrhine primates merits further investigation. Additional study of the association of this virus with diarrhea is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Hall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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86
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Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz SAJ, Gillespie TR, Leendertz FH. Wild great apes as sentinels and sources of infectious disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:521-7. [PMID: 22448813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging zoonotic infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global health. This is especially true in relation to the great apes, whose close phylogenetic relationship with humans results in a high potential for microorganism exchange. In this review, we show how studies of the microorganisms of wild great apes can lead to the discovery of novel pathogens of importance for humans. We also illustrate how these primates, living in their natural habitats, can serve as sentinels for outbreaks of human disease in regions with a high likelihood of disease emergence. Greater sampling efforts and improvements in sample preservation and diagnostic capacity are rapidly improving our understanding of the diversity and distribution of microorganisms in wild great apes. Linking non-invasive diagnostic data with observational health data from great apes habituated to human presence is a promising approach for the discovery of pathogens of high relevance for humans.
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