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Alame MM, Massaad E, Zaraket H. Peramivir: A Novel Intravenous Neuraminidase Inhibitor for Treatment of Acute Influenza Infections. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:450. [PMID: 27065996 PMCID: PMC4815007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peramivir is a novel cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza virus. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December 2014 for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older. For several months prior to approval, the drug was made clinically available under Emergency Use authorization during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Peramivir is highly effective against human influenza A and B isolates as well as emerging influenza virus strains with pandemic potential. Clinical trials demonstrated that the drug is well-tolerated in adult and pediatric populations. Adverse events are generally mild to moderate and similar in frequency to patients receiving placebo. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disorders and decreased neutrophil counts but are self-limiting. Peramivir is administered as a single-dose via the intravenous route providing a valuable therapeutic alternative for critically ill patients or those unable to tolerate other administration routes. Successful clinical trials and post-marketing data in pediatric populations in Japan support the safety and efficacy of peramivir in this population where administration of other antivirals might not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak M Alame
- The School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Chen Q, Guo Y. Influenza Viral Hemagglutinin Peptide Inhibits Influenza Viral Entry by Shielding the Host Receptor. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:187-93. [PMID: 27623031 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viral infection of the host begins by the attachment of viral hemagglutinin to a cell surface receptor. In the current study, a hemagglutinin fragment peptide library was screened using an H5N1 recombinant pseudotyped viral system. One peptide, designated HA-pep25, showed effective antiviral activity against both human and avian influenza viral strains (IC50 = 12.0-51.0 μM). A mechanistic study demonstrated direct binding between HA-pep25 and sialyllactose, which mimics the host receptor for the influenza virus. This binding was independent of the presence of sialic acid on the cell membrane. By generating alanine substitutions in HA-pep25, eight residues were identified as essential for the peptide's anti-influenza activity. HA-pep25 derived from hemagglutinin blocked influenza viral entry by shielding the host receptor on the cell membrane. This peptide might be a candidate drug for influenza virus entry inhibition and may be combined with other antivirals targeting different steps of the influenza viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substances and Function, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substances and Function, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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53
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Lu R, Müller P, Downard KM. Molecular basis of influenza hemagglutinin inhibition with an entry-blocker peptide by computational docking and mass spectrometry. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:109-17. [PMID: 26759268 DOI: 10.1177/2040206615622920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased resistance of circulating strains to current antiviral inhibitors of the influenza virus necessitates that new antivirals and their mode of action are identified. Influenza hemagglutinin is an ideal target given inhibitors of its function can block the entry of the virus into host cells during the early stages of replication. This article describes the molecular basis for the inhibition of H1 and H5 hemagglutinin by an entry-blocker peptide using companion molecular docking and mass spectrometry-based experiments. METHODS A combination of hemagglutination inhibition assays, computational molecular docking and a novel mass spectrometry-based approach are employed to explore the mode of action of the entry-blocker peptide at a molecular level. RESULTS The entry-blocker peptide is shown to be able to maximally inhibit blood cell hemagglutination at a concentration of between 6.4 and 9.2 µM. The molecular basis for this inhibition is derived from the binding of the peptide to hemagglutinin in the vicinity of the reported sialic acid binding site surrounded by an α-helix (190-helix) and two loop (130-loop and 220-loop) regions in the case of a H1 hemagglutinin and the second loop region in the case of a H5 hemagglutinin. CONCLUSIONS The results support the recognized potential of the entry-blocker peptide as an effective antiviral agent that can inhibit the early stages of viral replication and further illustrate the power of a combination of docking and a mass spectrometry approach to screen the molecular basis of new antiviral inhibitors to the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lu
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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54
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Niu S, Si L, Liu D, Zhou A, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lin W. Spiromastilactones: A new class of influenza virus inhibitors from deep-sea fungus. Eur J Med Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.037 pmid: 266869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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55
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Niu S, Si L, Liu D, Zhou A, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lin W. Spiromastilactones: A new class of influenza virus inhibitors from deep-sea fungus. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:229-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ji S, Li R, Wang Q, Miao WJ, Li ZW, Si LL, Qiao X, Yu SW, Zhou DM, Ye M. Anti-H1N1 virus, cytotoxic and Nrf2 activation activities of chemical constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:475-484. [PMID: 26578185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Qin, derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat influenza and cancer. This study aims to elucidate the anti-influenza, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation effective components of S. baicalensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various column chromatography techniques and semi-preparative HPLC were used to isolate Scutellaria compounds, and their structures were identified by HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The pure compounds were evaluated for anti-influenza activities against A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in MDCK cells, cytotoxic activities against HepG2, SW480 and MCF7 human cancer cells by MTS assay, and antioxidant activities by Nrf2 luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the contents of 12 major compounds in 27 batches of S. baicalensis were simultaneously determined by a fully validated UPLC/UV method. RESULTS A total of thirty compounds (1-30), including four new ones (3, 7, 11 and 23), were isolated from S. baicalensis. Baicalin (15), baicalein (26), wogonin (27), chrysin (28) and oroxylin A (30) showed potent anti-H1N1 activities, with IC50 values of 7.4, 7.5, 2.1, 7.7 and 12.8 μM, respectively, which were remarkably more potent than the positive drug Osv-P (oseltamivir phosphate, IC50 45.6 μM). Most free flavones (26-28 and 30) showed significant cytotoxic activities at 10 μM (up to 61.2% inhibition rate). Furthermore, 30 could activate Nrf2 transcription by 3.8-fold of the control at 10 μM. UPLC analysis indicated the 12 major compounds (including the bioactive ones) accounted for 195.93 ± 43.9 mg g(-)(1) of the herbal materials. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that free flavones showed potent anti-influenza, anti-cancer and anti-oxidative activities. They are important effective components of S. baicalensis, and can be used as chemical markers for quality control of this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-juan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long-long Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Si-wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Xiao S, Si L, Tian Z, Jiao P, Fan Z, Meng K, Zhou X, Wang H, Xu R, Han X, Fu G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou D. Pentacyclic triterpenes grafted on CD cores to interfere with influenza virus entry: A dramatic multivalent effect. Biomaterials 2015; 78:74-85. [PMID: 26686050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent effect plays an important role in biological processes, particularly in the specific recognition of virus with its host cell during the first step of infection. Here we report the synthesis of multivalent pentacyclic triterpene grafted on cyclodextrin core and potency of against influenza entry activity. Nine star-shaped compounds containing six, seven and eight pentacyclic triterpene pharmacophore on cyclodextrin scaffold were prepared by way of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyl cycloaddition reaction under microwave activation. Some of the multimers exhibited much potent antiviral activity against H1N1 virus (A/WSN/33), even equivalent or superior to oseltamivir. The most active compound 31, a heptavalent oleanolic acid-β-cyclodextrin conjugate, shows an up to 125-fold potency enhancement by its IC50 value over the corresponding monovalent conjugate and oleanolic acid, disclosing a clear multivalent effect. Further studies show that three compounds 31-33 exhibited broad spectrum inhibitory activity against other two human influenza A/JX/312 (H3N2) and A/HN/1222 (H3N2) viruses with the IC50 values at 2.47-14.90 μM. Most importantly, we found that compound 31, one of the best representative conjugate, binds tightly to the viral envelope hemagglutinin with a dissociation constant of KD = 2.08 μM, disrupting the interaction of hemagglutinin with the sialic acid receptor and thus the attachment of viruses to host cells. Our study might establish a strategy for the design of new pharmaceutical agents based on multivalency so as to block influenza virus entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Longlong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pingxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zibo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Renyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Université Pierre & Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Skalickova S, Heger Z, Krejcova L, Pekarik V, Bastl K, Janda J, Kostolansky F, Vareckova E, Zitka O, Adam V, Kizek R. Perspective of Use of Antiviral Peptides against Influenza Virus. Viruses 2015; 7:5428-42. [PMID: 26492266 PMCID: PMC4632391 DOI: 10.3390/v7102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat of a worldwide influenza pandemic has greatly increased over the past decade with the emergence of highly virulent avian influenza strains. The increased frequency of drug-resistant influenza strains against currently available antiviral drugs requires urgent development of new strategies for antiviral therapy, too. The research in the field of therapeutic peptides began to develop extensively in the second half of the 20(th) century. Since then, the mechanisms of action for several peptides and their antiviral prospect received large attention due to the global threat posed by viruses. Here, we discussed the therapeutic properties of peptides used in influenza treatment. Peptides with antiviral activity against influenza can be divided into three main groups. First, entry blocker peptides such as a Flupep that interact with influenza hemagglutinin, block its binding to host cells and prevent viral fusion. Second, several peptides display virucidal activity, disrupting viral envelopes, e.g., Melittin. Finally, a third set of peptides interacts with the viral polymerase complex and act as viral replication inhibitors such as PB1 derived peptides. Here, we present a review of the current literature describing the antiviral activity, mechanism and future therapeutic potential of these influenza antiviral peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Krejcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Pekarik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Bastl
- Wool and Knitting Research Institute, Brno, Sujanovo namesti 3, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Janda
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov CZ-277 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Kostolansky
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Eva Vareckova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
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Lakshmaiah Narayana J, Chen JY. Antimicrobial peptides: Possible anti-infective agents. Peptides 2015; 72:88-94. [PMID: 26048089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are major health threats. The Infectious Diseases Society of America has expressed concern on the decrease of pharmaceutical companies working on antibiotic research and development. However, small companies, along with academic research institutes, are stepping forward to develop novel therapeutic methods to overcome the present healthcare situation. Among the leading alternatives to current drugs are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are abundantly distributed in nature. AMPs exhibit broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and even cancerous cells. They also show potential immunomodulatory properties, and are highly responsive to infectious agents and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. In recent years, many AMPs have undergone or are undergoing clinical development, and a few are commercially available for topical and other applications. In this review, we outline selected anion and cationic AMPs which are at various stages of development, from preliminary analysis to clinical drug development. Moreover, we also consider current production methods and delivery tools for AMPs, which must be improved for the effective use of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica and National Sun-Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan.
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Chew MF, Tham HW, Rajik M, Sharifah S. Anti-dengue virus serotype 2 activity and mode of action of a novel peptide. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1170-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-F. Chew
- Virus-Host Interaction Group; Infectious Disease Laboratory (MR3); Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - H.-W. Tham
- Virus-Host Interaction Group; Infectious Disease Laboratory (MR3); Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. Rajik
- Synamatix Sdn. Bhd.; Chemistry Lab 4; Enterprise 2; Technology Park Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - S.H. Sharifah
- Virus-Host Interaction Group; Infectious Disease Laboratory (MR3); Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
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Zhao Y, Si L, Liu D, Proksch P, Zhou D, Lin W. Truncateols A–N, new isoprenylated cyclohexanols from the sponge-associated fungus Truncatella angustata with anti-H1N1 virus activities. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lauster D, Pawolski D, Storm J, Ludwig K, Volkmer R, Memczak H, Herrmann A, Bhatia S. Potential of acylated peptides to target the influenza A virus. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:589-95. [PMID: 26124860 PMCID: PMC4464269 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For antiviral drug design, especially in the field of influenza virus research, potent multivalent inhibitors raise high expectations for combating epidemics and pandemics. Among a large variety of covalent and non-covalent scaffold systems for a multivalent display of inhibitors, we created a simple supramolecular platform to enhance the antiviral effect of our recently developed antiviral Peptide B (PeB(GF)), preventing binding of influenza virus to the host cell. By conjugating the peptide with stearic acid to create a higher-order structure with a multivalent display, we could significantly enhance the inhibitory effect against the serotypes of both human pathogenic influenza virus A/Aichi/2/1968 H3N2, and avian pathogenic A/FPV/Rostock/34 H7N1 in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Further, the inhibitory potential of stearylated PeB(GF) (C18-PeB(GF)) was investigated by infection inhibition assays, in which we achieved low micromolar inhibition constants against both viral strains. In addition, we compared C18-PeB(GF) to other published amphiphilic peptide inhibitors, such as the stearylated sugar receptor mimicking peptide (Matsubara et al. 2010), and the "Entry Blocker" (EB) (Jones et al. 2006), with respect to their antiviral activity against infection by Influenza A Virus (IAV) H3N2. However, while this strategy seems at a first glance promising, the native situation is quite different from our experimental model settings. First, we found a strong potential of those peptides to form large amyloid-like supramolecular assemblies. Second, in vivo, the large excess of cell surface membranes provides an unspecific target for the stearylated peptides. We show that acylated peptides insert into the lipid phase of such membranes. Eventually, our study reveals serious limitations of this type of self-assembling IAV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lauster
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Damian Pawolski
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Storm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Research Center of Electron Microscopy, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Volkmer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Memczak
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Chen Y, Yan H, Zheng H, Shi Y, Sun L, Wang C, Sun J. Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by porcine parvovirus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1015-20. [PMID: 25663217 PMCID: PMC7087076 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) causes reproductive failure in pigs, which leads to economic losses to the industry. As reported previously, LiCl efficiently impairs the replication of a variety of viruses, including the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and pseudorabies herpesvirus. We demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of PPV replication in swine testis (ST) cells by LiCl is dose-dependent, and that the antiviral effect of LiCl occurred in the early phase of PPV replication. These results indicate that LiCl might be an effective anti-PPV drug to control PPV disease. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism of the antiviral effect of LiCl on PPV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Chen X, Si L, Liu D, Proksch P, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lin W. Neoechinulin B and its analogues as potential entry inhibitors of influenza viruses, targeting viral hemagglutinin. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:182-95. [PMID: 25681711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A class of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids including 15 new compounds namely rubrumlines A-O obtained from marine-derived fungus Eurotium rubrum, were tested against influenza A/WSN/33 virus. Neoechinulin B (18) exerted potent inhibition against H1N1 virus infected in MDCK cells, and is able to inhibit a panel of influenza virus strains including amantadine- and oseltamivir-resistant clinical isolates. Mechanism of action studies indicated that neoechinulin B binds to influenza envelope hemagglutinin, disrupting its interaction with the sialic acid receptor and the attachment of viruses to host cells. In addition, neoechinulin B was still efficient in inhibiting influenza A/WSN/33 virus propagation even after a fifth passage. The high potency and broad-spectrum activities against influenza viruses with less drug resistance make neoechinulin B as a new lead for the development of potential inhibitor of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Longlong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Geb.26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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GASPARINI R, AMICIZIA D, LAI P, BRAGAZZI N, PANATTO D. Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza. Part II: Future compounds against influenza virus. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2014; 55:109-29. [PMID: 26137785 PMCID: PMC4718316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this overview, we described the life cycle of the influenza virus and the pharmacological action of the currently available drugs. This second part provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and targets of still-experimental drugs for the treatment and management of influenza. Briefly, we can distinguish between compounds with anti-influenza activity that target influenza virus proteins or genes, and molecules that target host components that are essential for viral replication and propagation. These latter compounds have been developed quite recently. Among the first group, we will focus especially on hemagglutinin, M2 channel and neuraminidase inhibitors. The second group of compounds may pave the way for personalized treatment and influenza management. Combination therapies are also discussed. In recent decades, few antiviral molecules against influenza virus infections have been available; this has conditioned their use during human and animal outbreaks. Indeed, during seasonal and pandemic outbreaks, antiviral drugs have usually been administered in mono-therapy and, sometimes, in an uncontrolled manner to farm animals. This has led to the emergence of viral strains displaying resistance, especially to compounds of the amantadane family. For this reason, it is particularly important to develop new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. Indeed, although vaccination is the most powerful means of mitigating the effects of influenza epidemics, antiviral drugs can be very useful, particularly in delaying the spread of new pandemic viruses, thereby enabling manufacturers to prepare large quantities of pandemic vaccine. In addition, antiviral drugs are particularly valuable in complicated cases of influenza, especially in hospitalized patients. To write this overview, we mined various databases, including Embase, PubChem, DrugBank and Chemical Abstracts Service, and patent repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. GASPARINI
- Correspondence: R. Gasparini, Department of Health Sciences of Genoa University, via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy - E-mail:
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Yu M, Si L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yu F, Jiao P, Shi Y, Wang H, Xiao S, Fu G, Tian K, Wang Y, Guo Z, Ye X, Zhang L, Zhou D. Discovery of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Potential Entry Inhibitors of Influenza Viruses. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10058-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5014067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Longlong Si
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pingxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Fu
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke Tian
- Stanley Manne Children’s
Research Institute, Northwestern University, 2430 Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida Wai, Long, Taipo, Macao
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear
Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Alves Galvão MG, Rocha Crispino Santos MA, Alves da Cunha AJL. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD002745. [PMID: 25415374 PMCID: PMC7093890 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002745.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A and B viruses. Complications may occur, especially among children and the elderly. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of amantadine and rimantadine in preventing, treating and shortening the duration of influenza A in children and the elderly. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 9), MEDLINE (1966 to September week 4, 2014) and EMBASE (1980 to October 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing amantadine and/or rimantadine with no intervention, placebo, other antivirals or different doses or schedules of amantadine or rimantadine in children and the elderly with influenza A. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the search results. We extracted and analysed data using the standard Cochrane methodology. MAIN RESULTS We identified 12 studies (2494 participants: 1586 children and 908 elderly) comparing amantadine and rimantadine with placebo, paracetamol (one trial: 69 children) or zanamivir (two trials: 545 elderly) to treat influenza A.Amantadine was effective in preventing influenza A in children (773 participants, risk ratio (RR) 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.30). The assumed risk of influenza A in the control group was 10 per 100. The corresponding risk in the rimantadine group was one per 100 (95% CI 0 to 3). Nevertheless, the quality of the evidence was low and the safety of the drug was not well established.For treatment, rimantadine was beneficial in abating fever on day three of treatment in children: one selected study with low risk of bias, moderate evidence quality and 69 participants (RR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91). The assumed risk was 38 per 100. The corresponding risk in the rimantadine group was 14 per 100 (95% CI 5 to 34).Rimantadine did not show any prophylactic effect in the elderly. The quality of evidence was very low: 103 participants (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.41). The assumed risk was 17 per 100. The corresponding risk in the rimantadine group was 7 per 100 (95% CI 2 to 23).There was no evidence of adverse effects caused by treatment with amantadine or rimantadine.We found no studies assessing amantadine in the elderly. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The quality of the evidence combined with a lack of knowledge about the safety of amantadine and the limited benefits of rimantadine, do not indicate that amantadine and rimantadine compared to control (placebo or paracetamol) could be useful in preventing, treating and shortening the duration of influenza A in children and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia G Alves Galvão
- Municipal Secretariat of HealthAvenida Ayrton Senna, 250/ 205Barra da Tijuca. Alfa Barra 1Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil22793‐000
| | | | - Antonio JL Alves da Cunha
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroDepartment of PediatricsAv. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373Edificio do CCS ‐ Bloco K ‐ 2o. andar, Sala K49Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil21941‐902
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Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Kercher L, Cline T, Freiden P, Duan S, Vogel P, Webby RJ, Guan Y, Peiris M, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Human H7N9 and H5N1 influenza viruses differ in induction of cytokines and tissue tropism. J Virol 2014; 88:12982-91. [PMID: 25210188 PMCID: PMC4249090 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since emerging in 2013, the avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses have resulted in over 400 human infections, leading to 115 deaths to date. Although the epidemiology differs from human highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus infections, there is a similar rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of these studies was to compare the pathological and immunological characteristics of a panel of human H7N9 and H5N1 viruses in vitro and in vivo. Although there were similarities between particular H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, including association between lethal disease and spread to the alveolar spaces and kidney, there were also strain-specific differences. Both H5N1 and H7N9 viruses are capable of causing lethal infections, with mortality correlating most strongly with wider distribution of viral antigen in the lungs, rather than with traditional measures of virus titer and host responses. Strain-specific differences included hypercytokinemia in H5N1 infections that was not seen with the H7N9 infections regardless of lethality. Conversely, H7N9 viruses showed a greater tropism for respiratory epithelium covering nasal passages and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue than H5N1 viruses, which may explain the enhanced transmission in ferret models. Overall, these studies highlight some distinctive properties of H5N1 and H7N9 viruses in different in vitro and in vivo models. IMPORTANCE The novel avian-origin H7N9 pandemic represents a serious threat to public health. The ability of H7N9 to cause serious lung pathology, leading in some cases to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, is of particular concern. Initial reports of H7N9 infection compared them to infections caused by highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the pathology and immunological response to infection with H7N9 compared to HPAI H5N1 viruses. We compared these responses in both in vitro and in vivo models, and found that H5N1 and H7N9 infections exhibit distinct pathological, immunological, and tissue tropism differences that could explain differences in clinical disease and viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Animal Resource Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Troy Cline
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Influenza Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Influenza Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Animal Resource Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Loregian A, Mercorelli B, Nannetti G, Compagnin C, Palù G. Antiviral strategies against influenza virus: towards new therapeutic approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3659-83. [PMID: 24699705 PMCID: PMC11114059 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are major human pathogens responsible for respiratory diseases affecting millions of people worldwide and characterized by high morbidity and significant mortality. Influenza infections can be controlled by vaccination and antiviral drugs. However, vaccines need annual updating and give limited protection. Only two classes of drugs are currently approved for the treatment of influenza: M2 ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors. However, they are often associated with limited efficacy and adverse side effects. In addition, the currently available drugs suffer from rapid and extensive emergence of drug resistance. All this highlights the urgent need for developing new antiviral strategies with novel mechanisms of action and with reduced drug resistance potential. Several new classes of antiviral agents targeting viral replication mechanisms or cellular proteins/processes are under development. This review gives an overview of novel strategies targeting the virus and/or the host cell for counteracting influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padua, Italy,
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Si Y, Li J, Niu Y, Liu X, Ren L, Guo L, Cheng M, Zhou H, Wang J, Jin Q, Yang W. Entry properties and entry inhibitors of a human H7N9 influenza virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107235. [PMID: 25222852 PMCID: PMC4164620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified human infections with a novel avian influenza H7N9 virus in China raise important questions regarding possible risk to humans. However, the entry properties and tropism of this H7N9 virus were poorly understood. Moreover, neuraminidase inhibitor resistant H7N9 isolates were recently observed in two patients and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the entry properties of H7N9 virus, design and evaluate inhibitors for H7N9 virus entry. We optimized and developed an H7N9-pseudotyped particle system (H7N9pp) that could be neutralized by anti-H7 antibodies and closely mimicked the entry process of the H7N9 virus. Avian, human and mouse-derived cultured cells showed high, moderate and low permissiveness to H7N9pp, respectively. Based on influenza virus membrane fusion mechanisms, a potent anti-H7N9 peptide (P155-185-chol) corresponding to the C-terminal ectodomain of the H7N9 hemagglutinin protein was successfully identified. P155-185-chol demonstrated H7N9pp-specific inhibition of infection with IC50 of 0.19 µM. Importantly, P155-185-chol showed significant suppression of A/Anhui/1/2013 H7N9 live virus propagation in MDCK cells and additive effects with NA inhibitors Oseltamivir and Zanamivir. These findings expand our knowledge of the entry properties of the novel H7N9 viruses, and they highlight the potential for developing a new class of inhibitors targeting viral entry for use in the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Si
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Niu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (QJ); (JW)
| | - Qi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (QJ); (JW)
| | - Wei Yang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (QJ); (JW)
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Karlsson EA, Ip HS, Hall JS, Yoon SW, Johnson J, Beck MA, Webby RJ, Schultz-Cherry S. Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from a harbour seal. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4791. [PMID: 25183346 PMCID: PMC4801029 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing human H7N9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza viruses. In 2011, an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from moribund New England harbour seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. To elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian H3N8 viruses and find that the harbour seal virus displays increased affinity for mammalian receptors, transmits via respiratory droplets in ferrets and replicates in human lung cells. Analysis of a panel of human sera for H3N8 neutralizing antibodies suggests that there is no population-wide immunity to these viruses. The prevalence of H3N8 viruses in birds and multiple mammalian species including recent isolations from pigs and evidence that it was a past human pandemic virus make the need for surveillance and risk analysis of these viruses of public health importance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Base Sequence
- Birds
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Host Specificity
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Immunologic Surveillance
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary
- Phoca
- Phylogeny
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/virology
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/virology
- Sialic Acids/chemistry
- Sialic Acids/immunology
- Swine
- United States/epidemiology
- Viral Tropism
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hon S Ip
- United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hall
- United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Sun Woo Yoon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jordan Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Song W, Si L, Ji S, Wang H, Fang XM, Yu LY, Li RY, Liang LN, Zhou D, Ye M. Uralsaponins M-Y, antiviral triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1632-43. [PMID: 24957203 DOI: 10.1021/np500253m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, uralsaponins M-Y (1-13), and 15 known analogues (14-28) were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The structures of 1-13 were identified on the basis of extensive NMR and MS data analyses. The sugar residues were identified by gas chromatography and ion chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection after hydrolysis. Saponins containing a galacturonic acid (1-3) or xylose (5) residue are reported from Glycyrrhiza species for the first time. Compounds 1, 7, 8, and 24 exhibited good inhibitory activities against the influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in MDCK cells with IC50 values of 48.0, 42.7, 39.6, and 49.1 μM, respectively, versus 45.6 μM of the positive control oseltamivir phosphate. In addition, compounds 24 and 28 showed anti-HIV activities with IC50 values of 29.5 and 41.7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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73
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Khandelwal N, Kaur G, Chaubey KK, Singh P, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Singh SV, Kumar N. Silver nanoparticles impair Peste des petits ruminants virus replication. Virus Res 2014; 190:1-7. [PMID: 24979044 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a prototype Morbillivirus. The leaf extract of the Argemone maxicana was used as a reducing agent for biological synthesis of the SNPs from silver nitrate. The SNPs were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM analysis revealed particle size of 5-30 nm and the XRD analysis revealed their characteristic silver structure. The treatment of Vero cells with the SNPs at a noncytotoxic concentration significantly inhibited PPRV replication in vitro. The time-course and virus step-specific assays showed that the SNPs impair PPRV replication at the level of virus entry. The TEM analysis showed that the SNPs interact with the virion surface as well with the virion core. However, this interaction has no direct virucidal effect, instead exerts a blocking effect on viral entry into the target cells. This is the first documented evidence indicating that the SNPs are capable of inhibiting a Morbillivirus replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Khandelwal
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India.
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Bereczki I, Kicsák M, Dobray L, Borbás A, Batta G, Kéki S, Nikodém ÉN, Ostorházi E, Rozgonyi F, Vanderlinden E, Naesens L, Herczegh P. Semisynthetic teicoplanin derivatives as new influenza virus binding inhibitors: synthesis and antiviral studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3251-4. [PMID: 24974341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain new, cluster-forming antibiotic compounds, teicoplanin pseudoaglycone derivatives containing two lipophilic n-octyl chains have been synthesized. The compounds proved to be poor antibacterials, but, surprisingly, they exhibited potent anti-influenza virus activity against influenza A strains. This antiviral action was related to inhibition of the binding interaction between the virus and the host cell. Related analogs bearing methyl substituents in lieu of the octyl chains, displayed no anti-influenza virus activity. Hence, an interaction between the active, dually n-octylated compounds and the lipid bilayer of the host cell can be postulated, to explain the observed inhibition of influenza virus attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laura Dobray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Nemes Nikodém
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Rozgonyi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pál Herczegh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Lee CJ, Buznyk O, Kuffova L, Rajendran V, Forrester JV, Phopase J, Islam MM, Skog M, Ahlqvist J, Griffith M. Cathelicidin LL-37 and HSV-1 Corneal Infection: Peptide Versus Gene Therapy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2014; 3:4. [PMID: 24932432 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.3.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential utility of collagen-based corneal implants with anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 activity achieved through sustained release of LL-37, from incorporated nanoparticles, as compared with cell-based delivery from model human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) transfected to produce endogenous LL-37. METHODS We tested the ability of collagen-phosphorylcholine implants to tolerate the adverse microenvironment of herpetic murine corneas. Then, we investigated the efficacy of LL-37 peptides delivered through nanoparticles incorporated within the corneal implants to block HSV-1 viral activity. In addition, LL-37 complementary DNA (cDNA) was transferred into HCECs to confer viral resistance, and their response to HSV-1 infection was examined. RESULTS Our implants remained in herpetic murine corneas 7 days longer than allografts. LL-37 released from the implants blocked HSV-1 infection of HCECs by interfering with viral binding. However, in pre-infected HCECs, LL-37 delayed but could not prevent viral spreading nor clear viruses from the infected cells. HCECs transfected with the LL-37 expressed and secreted the peptide. Secreted LL-37 inhibited viral binding in vitro but was insufficient to protect cells completely from HSV-1 infection. Nevertheless, secreted LL-37 reduced both the incidence of plaque formation and plaque size. CONCLUSION LL-37 released from composite nanoparticle-hydrogel corneal implants and HCEC-produced peptide, both showed anti-HSV-1 activity by blocking binding. However, while both slowed down virus spread, neither was able on its own to completely inhibit the viruses. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE LL-37 releasing hydrogels may have potential utility as corneal substitutes for grafting in HSV-1 infected corneas, possibly in combination with LL-37 producing therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyan-Jang Lee
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- Department of Eye Burns, Ophthalmic Reconstructive Surgery, Keratoplasty & Keratoprosthesis, Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Lucia Kuffova
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (3I's) (Ocular Immunology), Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Vijayalakshmi Rajendran
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (3I's) (Ocular Immunology), Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - John V Forrester
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (3I's) (Ocular Immunology), Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Jaywant Phopase
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mohammad M Islam
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Skog
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - May Griffith
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Peptide entry inhibitors of enveloped viruses: the importance of interfacial hydrophobicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2180-97. [PMID: 24780375 PMCID: PMC7094693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are many peptides known that inhibit the entry of enveloped viruses into cells, including one peptide that is successfully being used in the clinic as a drug. In this review, we discuss the discovery, antiviral activity and mechanism of action of such peptides. While peptide entry inhibitors have been discovered by a wide variety of approaches (structure-based, accidental, intentional, rational and brute force) we show here that they share a common physical chemical property: they are at least somewhat hydrophobic and/or amphipathic and have a propensity to interact with membrane interfaces. We propose that this propensity drives a shared mechanism of action for many peptide entry inhibitors, involving direct interactions with viral and cellular membranes, as well as interactions with the complex hydrophobic protein/lipid interfaces that are exposed, at least transiently, during virus-cell fusion. By interacting simultaneously with the membrane interfaces and other critical hydrophobic surfaces, we hypothesize that peptide entry inhibitors can act by changing the physical chemistry of the membranes, and the fusion protein interfaces bridging them, and by doing so interfere with the fusion of cellular and viral membranes. Based on this idea, we propose that an approach that focuses on the interfacial hydrophobicity of putative entry inhibitors could lead to the efficient discovery of novel, broad-spectrum viral entry inhibitors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. Guest Editors: William C. Wimley and Kalina Hristova.
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77
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Tambunan USF, Zahroh H, Utomo BB, Parikesit AA. Screening of commercial cyclic peptide as inhibitor NS5 methyltransferase of Dengue virus through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Bioinformation 2014; 10:23-7. [PMID: 24516322 PMCID: PMC3916815 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has become a major global health threat, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of antiviral agent targeting viral replication is really needed at this time. NS5 methyltransferase presents as a novel antiviral target. This enzyme plays an important role in the methylation of 5'-cap mRNA. Inhibition of the NS5 methyltransferase could inhibit dengue virus replication. In this research, two sites of NS5 methyltransferase (S-Adenosyl methionine/SAM binding site and RNA-cap site) were used as targets for inhibition. As much as 300 commercial cyclic peptides were screened to these target sites by means of molecular docking. Analysis of ligand-enzyme binding free energy and pharmacological prediction revealed two best ligands, namely [Tyr123] Prepro Endothelin (110-130), amide, human and Urotensin II, human. According to molecular dynamic simulation, both ligands maintain a stable complex conformation between enzyme and ligand at temperature 310 K and 312 K. Hence, Urotensin II, human is more reactive at 312 K than at 310 K. However, both ligands can be used as potential inhibitor candidates against NS5 methyltransferase of dengue virus with Urotensin II, human exposes more promising activity at 312 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 Indonesia
| | - Hilyatuz Zahroh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 Indonesia
| | - Bimo Budi Utomo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 Indonesia
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 Indonesia
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78
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Mendoza-Figueroa JS, Soriano-García M, Valle-Castillo LB, Méndez-Lozano J. Peptides and Peptidomics: A Tool with Potential in Control of Plant Viral Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.49060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kapoor S, Dhama K. Prevention and Control of Influenza Viruses. INSIGHT INTO INFLUENZA VIRUSES OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7121144 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05512-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 2003–2004 outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have proven to be disastrous to the regional poultry industry in Asia, and have raised serious worldwide public health apprehension regarding the steps that should be taken to urgently control HPAI. Control measures must be taken based on the principles of biosecurity and disease management and at the same time making public aware of the precautionary measures at the verge of outbreak. Creation of protection and surveillance zones, various vaccination strategies viz. routine, preventive, emergency, mass and targeted vaccination programmes using live, inactivated and recombinant vaccines are the common strategies adopted in different parts of the globe. The new generation vaccines include recombinant vaccines and recombinant fusion vaccine. The pro-poor disease control programmes, giving compensation and subsidies to the farmers along with effective and efficient Veterinary Services forms integral part of control of HPAI. Following biosecurity principles and vaccination forms integral part of control programme against swine and equine influenza as well. Use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (Zanamivir and Oseltamivir) for the treatment of human influenza has been widely accepted worldwide. The threat of increasing resistance of the flu viruses to these antivirals has evoked interest in the development of novel antiviral drugs for influenza virus such as inhibitors of cellular factors and host signalling cascades, cellular miRNAs, siRNA and innate immune peptides (defensins and cathelicidins). Commercial licensed inactivated vaccines for humans against influenza A and B viruses are available consisting of three influenza viruses: influenza type A subtype H3N2, influenza type A subtype H1N1 (seasonal) virus strain and influenza type B virus strain. As per WHO, use of tetravaccine consisting of antigens of influenza virus serotypes H3N2, H1N1, B and H5 is the most promising method to control influenza pandemic. All healthy children in many countries are required to be vaccinated between 6 and 59 months of age. The seasonal vaccines currently used in humans induce strain-specific humoral immunity as the antibodies. Universal influenza virus vaccines containing the relatively conserved ectodomain of M2 (M2e), M1, HA fusion peptide and stalk domains, NA, NP alone or in combination have been developed which have been shown to induce cross-protection. The T cell-based vaccines are another recent experimental approach that has been shown to elicit broad-spectrum heterosubtypic immunity in the host. As far as HPAI is concerned, various pandemic preparedness strategies have been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004 Haryana India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
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80
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Strategies for the Development of Influenza Drugs: Basis for New Efficient Combination Therapies. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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81
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Li C, Ge LL, Yu YL, Huang L, Wang Y, Sun MX, Ishag H, Ma LX, Li XH, Shen ZQ, Mao X. A tripeptide (NSK) inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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82
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Yang A, Si L, Shi Z, Tian L, Liu D, Zhou D, Proksch P, Lin W. Nitrosporeusines A and B, Unprecedented Thioester-Bearing Alkaloids from the Arctic Streptomyces nitrosporeus. Org Lett 2013; 15:5366-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4026809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Longlong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhenping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China, The First Institute of Oceannography SOA, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Liu Q, Liu DY, Yang ZQ. Characteristics of human infection with avian influenza viruses and development of new antiviral agents. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1257-69. [PMID: 24096642 PMCID: PMC3791557 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1997, several epizootic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been transmitted to humans, causing diseases and even deaths. The recent emergence of severe human infections with AIV (H7N9) in China has raised concerns about efficient interpersonal viral transmission, polygenic traits in viral pathogenicity and the management of newly emerging strains. The symptoms associated with viral infection are different in various AI strains: H5N1 and newly emerged H7N9 induce severe pneumonia and related complications in patients, while some H7 and H9 subtypes cause only conjunctivitis or mild respiratory symptoms. The virulence and tissue tropism of viruses as well as the host responses contribute to the pathogenesis of human AIV infection. Several preventive and therapeutic approaches have been proposed to combat AIV infection, including antiviral drugs such as M2 inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, attachment inhibitors and signal-transduction inhibitors etc. In this article, we summarize the recent progress in researches on the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenicity determinants, and available or potential antivirals of AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Dong-ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhan-qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Roy A, Chakraborty P, Polley S, Chattopadhyay D, Roy S. A peptide targeted against phosphoprotein and leader RNA interaction inhibits growth of Chandipura virus -- an emerging rhabdovirus. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:346-55. [PMID: 24036128 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatal illness caused by Chandipura virus (CHPV), an emerging pathogen, presently lacks any therapeutic option. Previous research suggested that interaction between the virally encoded phosphoprotein (P) and the positive sense leader RNA (le-RNA) may play an important role in the viral lifecycle. In this report, we have identified a β-sheet/loop motif in the C-terminal domain of the CHPV P protein as essential for this interaction. A synthetic peptide encompassing this motif and spanning a continuous stretch of 36 amino acids (Pep208-243) was found to bind the le-RNA in vitro and inhibit CHPV growth in infected cells. Furthermore, a stretch of three amino acid residues at position 217-219 was identified as essential for this interaction, both in vitro and in infected cells. siRNA knockdown-rescue experiments demonstrated that these three amino acid residues are crucial for the leader RNA binding function of P protein in the CHPV life cycle. Mutations of these three amino acid residues render the peptide completely ineffective against CHPV. Effect of inhibition of phosphoprotein-leader RNA interaction on viral replication was assayed. Peptide Pep208-243 tagged with a cell penetrating peptide was found to inhibit CHPV replication as ascertained by real time RT-PCR. The specific inhibition of viral growth observed using this peptide suggests a new possibility for designing of anti-viral agents against Mononegavirale group of human viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
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85
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A mutant influenza virus that uses an N1 neuraminidase as the receptor-binding protein. J Virol 2013; 87:12531-40. [PMID: 24027333 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01889-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vast majority of influenza A viruses characterized to date, hemagglutinin (HA) is the receptor-binding and fusion protein, whereas neuraminidase (NA) is a receptor-cleaving protein that facilitates viral release but is expendable for entry. However, the NAs of some recent human H3N2 isolates have acquired receptor-binding activity via the mutation D151G, although these isolates also appear to retain the ability to bind receptors via HA. We report here the laboratory generation of a mutation (G147R) that enables an N1 NA to completely co-opt the receptor-binding function normally performed by HA. Viruses with this mutant NA grow to high titers even in the presence of extensive mutations to conserved residues in HA's receptor-binding pocket. When the receptor-binding NA is paired with this binding-deficient HA, viral infectivity and red blood cell agglutination are blocked by NA inhibitors. Furthermore, virus-like particles expressing only the receptor-binding NA agglutinate red blood cells in an NA-dependent manner. Although the G147R NA receptor-binding mutant virus that we characterize is a laboratory creation, this same mutation is found in several natural clusters of H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. Our results demonstrate that, at least in tissue culture, influenza virus receptor-binding activity can be entirely shifted from HA to NA.
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86
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Shen X, Zhang X, Liu S. Novel hemagglutinin-based influenza virus inhibitors. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5 Suppl 2:S149-59. [PMID: 23977436 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.06.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus has caused seasonal epidemics and worldwide pandemics, which caused tremendous loss of human lives and socioeconomics. Nowadays, only two classes of anti-influenza drugs, M2 ion channel inhibitors and neuraminidase inhibitors respectively, are used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infection. Unfortunately, influenza virus strains resistant to one or all of those drugs emerge frequently. Hemagglutinin (HA), the glycoprotein in influenza virus envelope, plays a critical role in viral binding, fusion and entry processes. Therefore, HA is a promising target for developing anti-influenza drugs, which block the initial entry step of viral life cycle. Here we reviewed recent understanding of conformational changes of HA in protein folding and fusion processes, and the discovery of HA-based influenza entry inhibitors, which may provide more choices for preventing and controlling potential pandemics caused by multi-resistant influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; ; Department of Physiology, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
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87
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Korshin EE, Zakharova LG, Levin YA, Shulaeva MP, Pozdeev OK. Anti-influenza active and low toxic N-phenyl-substituted β-amidoamidines structurally related to natural antibiotic amidinomycin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2357-61. [PMID: 23489622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A set of racemic N-phenyl-substituted β-amidoamidines hydrochlorides 4, which are structurally related to natural antiviral agent amidinomycin (1), was synthesized in four steps starting from methacryloyl anilide (5). In the final step of the synthetic route, an uncommon monoacylation of β-aminoamidine 8 at the less reactive β-phenylamino-group took place. To rationalize this result, a mechanism which involves initial acylation at the more active amidine-function followed by intramolecular acyl-group transfer to β-phenylamino-group was suggested. All three β-amidoamidines 4d-f bearing long linear aliphatic chain (from n-C8H17 to n-C12H25) revealed significant in vitro activity against influenza A virus (H3N2) and modest cytotoxicity. The in vitro antiviral potency of 4d,e is 6-20 times greater than that of commercial rimantadine with lower EC50 values and higher therapeutic index. The non-toxic in vivo compounds 4d-f showed a beneficial protective effect in influenza A (H3N2) infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Korshin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
Synthesis and large-scale manufacturing technologies are now available for the commercial production of even the most complex peptide anti-infectives. Married with the potential of this class of molecule as the next generation of effective, resistance-free and safe antimicrobials, and a much better understanding of their biology, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, the first regulatory approvals and introduction into clinical practice of these promising drug candidates will likely be soon. This is a key juncture in the history/life cycle of peptide anti-infectives and, perhaps, their commercial and therapeutic potential is about to be realized. This review highlights the promise of these agents as the next generation of therapeutics and summarizes the challenges faced in, and lessons learned from, the past.
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89
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Influenza A virus entry inhibitors targeting the hemagglutinin. Viruses 2013; 5:352-73. [PMID: 23340380 PMCID: PMC3564125 DOI: 10.3390/v5010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has caused seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, which resulted in serious threat to public health and socioeconomic impacts. Until now, only 5 drugs belong to two categories are used for prophylaxis and treatment of IAV infection. Hemagglutinin (HA), the envelope glycoprotein of IAV, plays a critical role in viral binding, fusion and entry. Therefore, HA is an attractive target for developing anti‑IAV drugs to block the entry step of IAV infection. Here we reviewed the recent progress in the study of conformational changes of HA during viral fusion process and the development of HA-based IAV entry inhibitors, which may provide a new choice for controlling future influenza pandemics.
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90
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Moyle PM, Toth I. Modern subunit vaccines: development, components, and research opportunities. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:360-76. [PMID: 23316023 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional vaccines, based on the administration of killed or attenuated microorganisms, have proven to be among the most effective methods for disease prevention. Safety issues related to administering these complex mixtures, however, prevent their universal application. Through identification of the microbial components responsible for protective immunity, vaccine formulations can be simplified, enabling molecular-level vaccine characterization, improved safety profiles, prospects to develop new high-priority vaccines (e.g. for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria), and the opportunity for extensive vaccine component optimization. This subunit approach, however, comes at the expense of decreased immunity, requiring the addition of immunostimulatory agents (adjuvants). As few adjuvants are currently used in licensed vaccines, adjuvant development represents an exciting area for medicinal chemists to play a role in the future of vaccine development. In addition, immune responses can be further customized though optimization of delivery systems, tuning the size of particulate vaccines, targeting specific cells of the immune system (e.g. dendritic cells), and adding components to aid vaccine efficacy in whole immunized populations (e.g. promiscuous T-helper epitopes). Herein we review the current state of the art and future direction in subunit vaccine development, with a focus on the described components and their potential to steer the immune response toward a desired response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Michael Moyle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Hayden FG. Newer influenza antivirals, biotherapeutics and combinations. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7 Suppl 1:63-75. [PMID: 23279899 PMCID: PMC5978626 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This summary provides an overview of investigational antiviral agents for influenza and of future directions for development of influenza therapeutics. While progress in developing clinically useful antiviral agents for influenza has been generally slow, especially with respect to seriously ill and high-risk patients, important clinical studies of intravenous neuraminidase inhibitors, antibodies and drug combinations are currently in progress. The current decade offers the promise of developing small molecular weight inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action, including host-directed therapies, new biotherapeutics and drug combinations, that should provide more effective antiviral therapies and help mitigate the problem of antiviral resistance. Immunomodulatory interventions also offer promise but need to be based on better understanding of influenza pathogenesis, particularly in seriously ill patients. The development of combination interventions, immunomodulators and host-directed therapies presents unique clinical trial design and regulatory hurdles that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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92
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The hemagglutinin protein of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses overcomes an early block in the replication cycle to promote productive replication in macrophages. J Virol 2012; 87:1411-9. [PMID: 23152519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02682-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to be one of the first lines of defense against influenza virus infection. However, they may also contribute to severe disease caused by the highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) H5N1 influenza viruses. One reason for this may be the ability of certain influenza virus strains to productively replicate in macrophages. However, studies investigating the productive replication of influenza viruses in macrophages have been contradictory, and the results may depend on both the type of macrophages used and the specific viral strain. In this work, we investigated the ability of H1 to H16 viruses to productively replicate in primary murine alveolar macrophages and RAW264.7 macrophages. We show that only a subset of HPAI H5N1 viruses, those that cause high morbidity and mortality in mammals, can productively replicate in macrophages, as measured by the release of newly synthesized virus particles into the cell supernatant. Mechanistically, we found that these H5 strains can overcome a block early in the viral life cycle leading to efficient nuclear entry, viral transcription, translation, and ultimately replication. Studies with reassortant viruses demonstrated that expression of the hemagglutinin gene from an H5N1 virus rescued replication of H1N1 influenza virus in macrophages. This study is the first to characterize H5N1 influenza viruses as the only subtype of influenza virus capable of productive replication in macrophages and establishes the viral gene that is required for this characteristic. The ability to productively replicate in macrophages is unique to H5N1 influenza viruses and may contribute to their increased pathogenesis.
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93
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Lee SMY, Yen HL. Targeting the host or the virus: current and novel concepts for antiviral approaches against influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:391-404. [PMID: 23022351 PMCID: PMC7132421 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to human health. The application of antiviral drugs provides an immediate and direct control of influenza virus infection. At present, the major strategy for managing patients with influenza is through targeting conserved viral proteins critical for viral replication. Two classes of conventional antiviral drugs, the M2 ion channel blockers and the neuraminidase inhibitors, are frequently used. In recent years, increasing levels of resistance to both drug classes has become a major public health concern, highlighting the urgent need for the development of alternative treatments. Novel classes of antiviral compounds or biomolecules targeting viral replication mechanism are under development, using approaches including high-throughput small-molecule screening platforms and structure-based designs. In response to influenza virus infection, host cellular mechanisms are triggered to defend against the invaders. At the same time, viruses as obligate intracellular pathogens have evolved to exploit cellular responses in support of their efficient replication, including antagonizing the host type I interferon response as well as activation of specific cellular pathways at different stages of the replication cycle. Numerous studies have highlighted the possibility of targeting virus-host interactions and host cellular mechanisms to develop new treatment regimens. This review aims to give an overview of current and novel concepts targeting the virus and the host for managing influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suki Man-Yan Lee
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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94
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Jesús T, Rogelio L, Abraham C, Uriel L, J- Daniel G, Alfonso MT, Lilia BB. Prediction of antiviral peptides derived from viral fusion proteins potentially active against herpes simplex and influenza A viruses. Bioinformation 2012; 8:870-4. [PMID: 23144542 PMCID: PMC3489092 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are very few antiviral drugs available to fight viral infections and the appearance of viral strains resistant to these antivirals is not a rare event. Hence, the design of new antiviral drugs is important. We describe the prediction of peptides with antiviral activity (AVP) derived from the viral glycoproteins involved in the entrance of herpes simplex (HSV) and influenza A viruses into their host cells. It is known, that during this event viral glycoproteins suffer several conformational changes due to protein-protein interactions, which lead to membrane fusion between the viral envelope and the cellular membrane. Our hypothesis is that AVPs can be derived from these viral glycoproteins, specifically from regions highly conserved in amino acid sequences, which at the same time have the physicochemical properties of being highly exposed (antigenic), hydrophilic, flexible, and charged, since these properties are important for protein-protein interactions. For that, we separately analyzed the HSV glycoprotein H and B, and influenza A viruses hemagglutinin (HA), using several bioinformatics tools. A set of multiple alignments was carried out, to find the most conserved regions in the amino acid sequences. Then, the physicochemical properties indicated above were analyzed. We predicted several peptides 12-20 amino acid length which by docking analysis were able to interact with the fusion viral glycoproteins and thus may prevent conformational changes in them, blocking the viral infection. Our strategy to design AVPs seems to be very promising since the peptides were synthetized and their antiviral activities have produced very encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torres Jesús
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - López Rogelio
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Cetina Abraham
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - López Uriel
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - García J- Daniel
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Méndez-Tenorio Alfonso
- Biochemestry Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Barrón Blanca Lilia
- Microbiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
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95
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Betts RJ, Mann TS, Henry PJ. Inhibitory influence of the hexapeptidic sequence SLIGRL on influenza A virus infection in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:725-35. [PMID: 22988062 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)) is widely expressed in the respiratory tract and is an integral component of the host antimicrobial defense system. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a PAR(2)-activating peptide, SLIGRL, on influenza A virus (IAV)-induced pathogenesis in mice. Intranasal inoculation of BALB/c mice with influenza A/PR/8/34 virus caused time-dependent increases in the number of pulmonary leukocytes (recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), marked airway histopathology characterized by extensive epithelial cell damage, airway hyper-responsiveness to the bronchoconstrictor methacholine, and elevated levels of inflammatory chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 2) and cytokines (interferon-γ). It is noteworthy that these IAV-induced effects were dose-dependently attenuated in mice treated with a PAR(2)-activating peptide, SLIGRL, at the time of IAV inoculation. However, SLIGRL also inhibited IAV-induced increases in pulmonary leukocytes in PAR(2)-deficient mice, indicating these antiviral actions were not mediated by PAR(2). The potency order obtained for a series of structural analogs of SLIGRL for anti-IAV activity (IGRL > SLIGRL > LSIGRL >2-furoyl-LIGRL) was also inconsistent with a PAR(2)-mediated effect. In further mechanistic studies, SLIGRL inhibited IAV-induced propagation in ex vivo perfused segments of trachea from wild-type or PAR(2)(-/-) mice, but did not inhibit viral attachment or replication in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and chorioallantoic membrane cells, which are established hosts for IAV. In summary, SLIGRL protected mice from IAV infection independently of PAR(2) and independently of direct inhibition of IAV attachment or replication, potentially through the activation of endogenous antiviral pathways within the mouse respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Betts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia
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96
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Abstract
Influenza has a long history of causing morbidity and mortality in the human population through routine seasonal spread and global pandemics. The high mutation rate of the RNA genome of the influenza virus, combined with assortment of its multiple genomic segments, promote antigenic diversity and new subtypes, allowing the virus to evade vaccines and become resistant to antiviral drugs. There is thus a continuing need for new anti-influenza therapy using novel targets and creative strategies. In this review, we summarize prospective future therapeutic regimens based on recent molecular and genomic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA.
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97
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Li C, Zhang LY, Sun MX, Li PP, Huang L, Wei JC, Yao YL, Isahg H, Chen PY, Mao X. Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus entry into the cells by the envelope glycoprotein domain III (EDIII) and the loop3 peptide derived from EDIII. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:179-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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Tan CW, Chan YF, Sim KM, Tan EL, Poh CL. Inhibition of enterovirus 71 (EV-71) infections by a novel antiviral peptide derived from EV-71 capsid protein VP1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34589. [PMID: 22563456 PMCID: PMC3341398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). In recent years, EV-71 infections were reported to cause high fatalities and severe neurological complications in Asia. Currently, no effective antiviral or vaccine is available to treat or prevent EV-71 infection. In this study, we have discovered a synthetic peptide which could be developed as a potential antiviral for inhibition of EV-71. Ninety five synthetic peptides (15-mers) overlapping the entire EV-71 capsid protein, VP1, were chemically synthesized and tested for antiviral properties against EV-71 in human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. One peptide, SP40, was found to significantly reduce cytopathic effects of all representative EV-71 strains from genotypes A, B and C tested, with IC50 values ranging from 6–9.3 µM in RD cells. The in vitro inhibitory effect of SP40 exhibited a dose dependent concentration corresponding to a decrease in infectious viral particles, total viral RNA and the levels of VP1 protein. The antiviral activity of SP40 peptide was not restricted to a specific cell line as inhibition of EV-71 was observed in RD, HeLa, HT-29 and Vero cells. Besides inhibition of EV-71, it also had antiviral activities against CV-A16 and poliovirus type 1 in cell culture. Mechanism of action studies suggested that the SP40 peptide was not virucidal but was able to block viral attachment to the RD cells. Substitutions of arginine and lysine residues with alanine in the SP40 peptide at positions R3A, R4A, K5A and R13A were found to significantly decrease antiviral activities, implying the importance of positively charged amino acids for the antiviral activities. The data demonstrated the potential and feasibility of SP40 as a broad spectrum antiviral agent against EV-71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wah Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kooi Mow Sim
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Eng Lee Tan
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- School of Health and Natural Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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99
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Alves Galvão MG, Rocha Crispino Santos MA, Alves da Cunha AJ. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 1:CD002745. [PMID: 22258950 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002745.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness and safety of amantadine (AMT) and rimantadine (RMT) for preventing and treating influenza A in adults has been systematically reviewed. However, little is known about these treatments in children and the elderly. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of AMT and RMT in preventing and treating influenza A in children and the elderly. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 2) which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to June week 3, 2011) and EMBASE (1980 to June 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing AMT and/or RMT with placebo, control, other antivirals or different doses or schedules of AMT or RMT, or both, or no intervention, in children and the elderly. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. We resolved disagreements by consensus. In all comparisons except for one, we separately analysed the trials in children and the elderly using Review Manager software. MAIN RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving 2494 participants (1586 children and adolescents and 908 elderly) compared AMT and RMT with placebo, paracetamol (one trial; 69 children) or zanamivir (two trials; 545 seniors). All studies were RCTs but most were still susceptible to bias. Two trials in the elderly had a high risk of bias because of incomplete outcome data. In one of those trials there was also a lack of outcome assessment blinding. Risk of bias was unclear in 10 studies due to unclear random sequence generation and allocation concealment. Only two trials in children were considered to have a low risk of bias.AMT was effective in preventing influenza A in children. A total of 773 participants were included in this outcome (risk ratio (RR) 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.30). The assumed risk of influenza in the control group was 10 per 100 and the corresponding risk in the RMT group was one per 100 (95% CI 0 to 3). The quality of the evidence was considered low. For treatment purposes, RMT was beneficial for abating fever on day three of treatment. For this purpose one study was selected with low risk of bias and included 69 children (RR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91). The assumed risk was 38 per 100 and the corresponding risk in the RMT group was 14 per 100, 95% CI 5 to 34. The quality of the evidence was moderate.RMT did not show a prophylactic effect against influenza in the elderly, but the quality of evidence was considered very low. There were 103 participants (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.41, for an assumed risk of 17 per 100 and a corresponding risk in the RMT group of 7 per 100, 95% CI 2 to 23). We did not identify any AMT trials in the elderly that met our inclusion criteria.There was no evidence of adverse effects of AMT and RMT in children or an adverse effect of RMT in the elderly. We did not identify any AMT trials in the elderly that met our inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS AMT is effective in preventing influenza A in children but the NNTB is high (NNTB: 12 (95% CI 9 to 17). RMT probably helps the abatement of fever on day three of treatment, but the quality of the evidence is poor. Due to the small number of available studies, we could not reach a definitive conclusion on the safety of AMT or the effectiveness of RMT in preventing influenza in children and the elderly.
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100
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Nicol MQ, Ligertwood Y, Bacon MN, Dutia BM, Nash AA. A novel family of peptides with potent activity against influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:980-986. [PMID: 22258859 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.038679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza virus has catalysed a search for new antiviral agents to supplement or replace existing drugs. Following the success of the human immunodeficiency virus entry blocker Enfuvirtide, there has been a resurgence of interest in peptide-based antivirals. In this paper, we report on the discovery of a novel family of peptides (FluPep, FP) that function as inhibitors of influenza A virus infection. The prototype peptide (FP1, also known as Tkip) interacts with haemagglutinin and inhibits the binding of the virus to cell membranes. Using a plaque-reduction assay, we have demonstrated that a variety of influenza A virus subtypes (including H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1) are inhibited by FluPep and its derivatives at nanomolar concentrations. By truncating FluPep we have identified a minimal sequence of 6 aa that binds to haemagglutinin and inhibits infection. Using a mouse model of intranasal influenza virus infection, we observed potent inhibition of virus infection when peptide is given at the time of virus administration. These data indicate that FluPep is a highly effective anti-influenza agent with the potential to translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlynne Q Nicol
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Yvonne Ligertwood
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Matthew N Bacon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bernadette M Dutia
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anthony A Nash
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
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