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Mitochondria-Mediated Cardiovascular Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105371. [PMID: 35628174 PMCID: PMC9140946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent cardiovascular trials of SGLT 2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors revealed that they could reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects that SGLT2 inhibitors have on the cardiovascular system is still unknown. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the mitochondria-mediated beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system. The application of SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, dynamics, bioenergetics, and ion homeostasis and reduces the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which results in cardioprotective effects. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitochondria and highlight the potential application of these medications to treat both T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.
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Antioxidant Cardioprotection against Reperfusion Injury: Potential Therapeutic Roles of Resveratrol and Quercetin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082564. [PMID: 35458766 PMCID: PMC9027566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage is a paradoxical tissue injury occurring during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Although this damage could account for up to 50% of the final infarct size, there has been no available pharmacological treatment until now. Oxidative stress contributes to the underlying production mechanism, exerting the most marked injury during the early onset of reperfusion. So far, antioxidants have been shown to protect the AMI patients undergoing PCI to mitigate these detrimental effects; however, no clinical trials to date have shown any significant infarct size reduction. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider multitarget antioxidant therapies targeting multifactorial AMI. Indeed, this clinical setting involves injurious effects derived from oxygen deprivation, intracellular pH changes and increased concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species, among others. Thus, we will review a brief overview of the pathological cascades involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury and the potential therapeutic effects based on preclinical studies involving a combination of antioxidants, with particular reference to resveratrol and quercetin, which could contribute to cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial tissue. We will also highlight the upcoming perspectives of these antioxidants for designing future studies.
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Molecular Correlates of Early Onset of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Possible Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9014155. [PMID: 35464763 PMCID: PMC9023181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9014155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress that can lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which can often remain undetected until late stages of the disease. However, myocardial injury occurs before the onset of measurable cardiac dysfunction, although its molecular correlates are poorly understood. In this study, we made a DM rat induced by a high-fat diet combined with low and high doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to emulate pre and early DCM. RNA-sequencing analysis of ventricular tissue revealed a differential transcriptome profile and abnormal activation of pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac structure and function, insulin resistance, calcium signalling, apoptosis, and TNF signalling. Moreover, using high glucose-treated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), we recapitulated the cardiac cellular phenotype of DM and identified several molecular correlates that may promote the development of DCM. In conclusion, we have developed an experimental framework to target pathways underlying the progression of DCM.
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54
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Deficiency of NARFL increases transcription of NADPH oxidases and ROS production impairing the function of endothelial cells. Life Sci 2022; 301:120567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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55
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Heart Failure and Drug Therapies: A Metabolic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062960. [PMID: 35328390 PMCID: PMC8950643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality globally with at least 26 million people worldwide living with heart failure (HF). Metabolism has been an active area of investigation in the setting of HF since the heart demands a high rate of ATP turnover to maintain homeostasis. With the advent of -omic technologies, specifically metabolomics and lipidomics, HF pathologies have been better characterized with unbiased and holistic approaches. These techniques have identified novel pathways in our understanding of progression of HF and potential points of intervention. Furthermore, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, a drug that has changed the dogma of HF treatment, has one of the strongest types of evidence for a potential metabolic mechanism of action. This review will highlight cardiac metabolism in both the healthy and failing heart and then discuss the metabolic effects of heart failure drugs.
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56
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García-Díez E, López-Oliva ME, Caro-Vadillo A, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Pérez-Jiménez J, Ramos S, Martín MÁ. Supplementation with a Cocoa-Carob Blend, Alone or in Combination with Metformin, Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Zucker Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020432. [PMID: 35204314 PMCID: PMC8869324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main causes of mortality among diabetic patients, with oxidative stress and inflammation major contributors to its development. Dietary flavonoids show strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, although their potential additive outcomes in combination with antidiabetic drugs have been scarcely explored. The present study investigates the cardioprotective effects of a cocoa–carob blend (CCB) diet, rich in flavonoids, alone or in combination with metformin, in the development of DCM. Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) were fed with a CCB rich-diet or a control diet, with or without metformin for 12 weeks. Glucose homeostasis, cardiac structure and function, and oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were analysed. CCB improved glucose homeostasis, and mitigated cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in ZDF rats. Mechanistically, CCB counteracted oxidative stress in diabetic hearts by down-regulating NADPH oxidases, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and modulating the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/ nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway, overall improving antioxidant defence. Moreover, CCB suppressed inflammatory and fibrotic reactions by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. Noteworthy, several of these effects were further improved in combination with metformin. Our results demonstrate that CCB strongly prevents the cardiac remodelling and dysfunction observed in diabetic animals, highlighting its potential, alone or in adjuvant therapy, for treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Díez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-D.); (J.P.-J.); (S.R.)
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-D.); (J.P.-J.); (S.R.)
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-D.); (J.P.-J.); (S.R.)
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-D.); (J.P.-J.); (S.R.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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57
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Longo M, Scappaticcio L, Cirillo P, Maio A, Carotenuto R, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Esposito K. Glycemic Control and the Heart: The Tale of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Continues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020272. [PMID: 35204778 PMCID: PMC8961546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is an important complication of diabetes and represents a distinct subtype of heart failure that occurs in absence of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia along with insulin resistance and inflammatory milieu are the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of DC. Changes in lifestyle favoring healthy dietary patterns and physical activity, combined with more innovative anti-diabetes therapies, are the current treatment strategies to safeguard the cardiovascular system. This review aims at providing an updated comprehensive overview of clinical, pathogenetic, and molecular aspects of DC, with a focus on the effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs on the prevention of pump dysfunction and consequently on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Antonietta Maio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Raffaela Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-156-65031
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58
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Wang X, Chen X, Zhou W, Men H, Bao T, Sun Y, Wang Q, Tan Y, Keller BB, Tong Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Ferroptosis is essential for diabetic cardiomyopathy and is prevented by sulforaphane via AMPK/NRF2 pathways. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:708-722. [PMID: 35256941 PMCID: PMC8897044 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we define the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by examining the expression of key regulators of ferroptosis in mice with DCM and a new ex vivo DCM model. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), an important pathogenic factor of DCM, were found to induce ferroptosis in engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs), as reflected through increased levels of Ptgs2 and lipid peroxides and decreased ferritin and SLC7A11 levels. Typical morphological changes of ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Inhibition of ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine prevented AGE-induced ECT remodeling and dysfunction. Ferroptosis was also evidenced in the heart of type 2 diabetic mice with DCM. Inhibition of ferroptosis by liproxstatin-1 prevented the development of diastolic dysfunction at 3 months after the onset of diabetes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activated by sulforaphane inhibited cardiac cell ferroptosis in both AGE-treated ECTs and hearts of DCM mice by upregulating ferritin and SLC7A11 levels. The protective effect of sulforaphane on ferroptosis was AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent. These findings suggest that ferroptosis plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of DCM; sulforaphane prevents ferroptosis and associated pathogenesis via AMPK-mediated NRF2 activation. This suggests a feasible therapeutic approach with sulforaphane to clinically prevent ferroptosis and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongbo Men
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Terigen Bao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yike Sun
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Quanwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 0431 88782417 (Qian Tong), +86 0431 88782217 (Yang Zheng), +1 502 8522214 (Lu Cai).
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 0431 88782417 (Qian Tong), +86 0431 88782217 (Yang Zheng), +1 502 8522214 (Lu Cai).
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 0431 88782417 (Qian Tong), +86 0431 88782217 (Yang Zheng), +1 502 8522214 (Lu Cai).
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59
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Chen H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Mao W, Shen C, Xiong W, Yao Y, Zhao X, Hu Y, Zou Z, Wu J. Symbiotic Algae-Bacteria Dressing for Producing Hydrogen to Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:229-237. [PMID: 34928162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia or chronic inflammation can limit diabetic wound healing, resulting in diabetic foot ulcers. Hydrogen has the potential to act as an antioxidant and scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby attenuating inflammation in these chronic wounds. However, most of the reported H2 delivery systems for wound healing, including hydrogen gas, hydrogen-rich water, and hydrogen-rich saline, are very short-lived for the low solubility of hydrogen gas. Here, we introduce a hydrogen-producing hydrogel made of living Chlorella and bacteria within a cell-impermeable casing that can continuously produce hydrogen for 60 h. This microbe-hydrogel system can selectively reduce highly toxic •OH and ONOO- species and reduce inflammation. Additional experiments indicated that the microbe-hydrogel dressing could promote cell proliferation and diabetic wound healing by almost 50% at day 3. The symbiotic algae-bacteria hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and reactive oxygen species scavenging features, indicating it has great promise for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenxuan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingfang Yao
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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60
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Muñoz-Córdova F, Hernández-Fuentes C, Lopez-Crisosto C, Troncoso MF, Calle X, Guerrero-Moncayo A, Gabrielli L, Chiong M, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Novel Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Pharmacological Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:707336. [PMID: 35004869 PMCID: PMC8734937 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of diabetes developed mainly in poorly controlled patients. In DCM, several clinical manifestations as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to its phenotype. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic flux inhibition, altered metabolism, dysfunctional insulin signaling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and increased myocardial cell death are described as the cardinal features involved in the genesis and development of DCM. However, many of these features can be associated with broader cellular processes such as inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial alterations, and autophagic flux inhibition. In this review, these mechanisms are critically discussed, highlighting the latest evidence and their contribution to the pathogenesis of DCM and their potential as pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Muñoz-Córdova
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Hernández-Fuentes
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F Troncoso
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Guerrero-Moncayo
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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61
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Qu XF, Zhai BZ, Hu WL, Lou MH, Chen YH, Liu YF, Chen JG, Mei S, You ZQ, Liu Z, Zhang LJ, Zhang YH, Wang Y. Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice and AC16 cells. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1823-1836. [PMID: 34997266 PMCID: PMC9106599 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a natural nutrient, exerts strong protection against various myocardial diseases. Pyroptosis, a type of inflammation-related programmed cell death, is vital to the development of DCM. However, the protective effects of PQQ against DCM and the associated mechanisms are not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether PQQ protected against DCM and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, after which the mice were administered PQQ orally (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks. AC16 human myocardial cells were divided into the following groups and treated accordingly: control (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose (35 mmol/L glucose), and HG + PQQ groups (1 and 10 nmol/L PQQ). Cells were treated for 24 h. Results PQQ reduced myocardial hypertrophy and the area of myocardial fibrosis, which was accompanied by an increase in antioxidant function and a decrease in inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, myocardial hypertrophy—(ANP and BNP), myocardial fibrosis—(collagen I and TGF-β1), and pyroptosis-related protein levels decreased in the PQQ treatment groups. Furthermore, PQQ abolished mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of NF-κB/IκB, and decreased NLRP3 inflammation-mediated pyroptosis in AC16 cells under high-glucose conditions. Conclusion PQQ improved DCM in diabetic mice by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cell pyroptosis. Long-term dietary supplementation with PQQ may be greatly beneficial for the treatment of DCM. Graphical abstract Diagram of the underlying mechanism of the effects of PQQ on DCM. PQQ inhibits ROS generation and NF-κB activation, which stimulates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and regulates the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. The up-regulated inflammatory cytokines trigger myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis and promote the pathological process of DCM. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhong Zhai
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Han Lou
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Mei
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Qiang You
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Tianxing Road 366th, Chongqing, 404120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road 182th, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Huang X, Liu H, Chen Y, Li P, Liu L, Li J, Ren Y, Huang J, Xiong E, Tian Z, Dai X. Empagliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Improving Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1122494. [PMID: 35585884 PMCID: PMC9110219 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered to be a critical contributor to the development of heart failure. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has been shown to prevent cardiovascular events and reduce the incidence of heart failure in randomized clinical trials. However, the mechanism of how EMPA prevents DCM is poorly understood. To study the potential mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of EMPA, we assessed the protective effects of EMPA on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. 9-10-week-old male db/db mice were treated with EMPA (10 mg/kg) via oral gavage daily for 20 weeks. Afterward, cardiac function of treated mice was evaluated by echocardiography, and pathological changes in heart tissues were determined by histopathological examination and western blot assay. EMPA markedly reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin tolerance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity of db/db mice. In addition, EMPA significantly prevented cardiac dysfunction, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and reduced glycogen deposition in heart tissues. Furthermore, EMPA improved diabetes-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in both heart tissues of db/db mice and palmitate exposed H9C2 cells. EMPA significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream genetic targets in cardiac tissue of type 2 diabetic db/db mice and H9C2 cells. EMPA also downregulated the expression of mitochondrial fission-related proteins and upregulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion-related proteins. Collectively, these findings indicate that EMPA may prevent DCM via attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyuan Huang
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiashen Li
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangxi Ren
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junping Huang
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Erya Xiong
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijie Tian
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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63
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Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Inhibits Lipotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3899356. [PMID: 34925693 PMCID: PMC8677382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3899356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), widely used in clinical studies, exerts protective effects against cardiac damage. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms underlying the effects of rhGH on cardiac functions in db/db mice. C57BL/6J and db/db mice were subjected to rhGH treatment. Metabolic parameters, cardiac function and morphology, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis were evaluated 16 weeks after rhGH treatment. Although rhGH did not significantly affect fasting blood glucose levels in db/db mice, it protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy, by improving cardiac function and reducing oxidative stress in the heart. In addition, rhGH treatment exhibited anti-apoptotic effects in the heart of db/db mice. The rhGH treatment, besides inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, ameliorated cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting lipotoxicity in mice with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that rhGH is a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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64
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Elsawy H, Alzahrani AM, Alfwuaires M, Abdel-Moneim AM, Khalil M. Nephroprotective effect of naringin in methotrexate induced renal toxicity in male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112180. [PMID: 34536756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work aims to study the nephroprotective potential of naringin (NG), a flavanone derived from citrus fruits, in methotrexate (MTX)-induced renal toxicity. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups; control group (IP saline), MTX group (IP single dose, 20 mg/kg), and three groups co-treated with MTX and naringin (IP daily dose; 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively). Kidney tissues were used to investigate renal function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and caspase-3 activity. Biochemical cytokine analysis was performed in addition to ultrastructural examinations of kidney tissue. When compared to the MTX-treated rats, MTX+NG significantly reduced the levels of urea, creatinine, MDA, NO, TNFα, IL-6, and caspase-3 activity. A significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes and GSH were also noted. Additionally, naringin ameliorated the apparent ultrastructural changes observed in the glomeruli and renal tubules of MTX-intoxicated rats. Noticeable structural improvements of glomerular lesions, proximal, and distal convoluted tubular epithelium were observed in MTX+NG treated animals, including podocytes with regular foot processes, perfectly organized filtration barrier, no signs of GBM thickening, organized brush border, and normal architecture of microvilli. Naringin (80 mg/kg) had the maximum amelioration effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the ultrastructural manifestations of naringin and/or MTX on the kidney of rats. Taken all, naringin has a potent therapeutic effect and can be used in adjuvant therapy to prevent MTX-induced nephrotoxicity. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the nephroprotective capacity of naringin needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon.
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65
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Wang J, Wang R, Li J, Yao Z. Rutin alleviates cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose through inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:944. [PMID: 34306208 PMCID: PMC8281503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes, in which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) serves an important role. Rutin can treat the myocardial dysfunction of diabetic rats. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the effects of Rutin on myocardial injury caused by diabetes from the perspective of ERS have not previously been reported. In the present study, the role of rutin in the regulation of ERS in myocardial injury was assessed. Different high glucose concentrations were used to treat H9C2 myoblast cells to establish a myocardial damage model. A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. A lactate dehydrogenase kit was used to detect cytotoxicity. Apoptosis levels were determined using a TUNEL assay. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and ERS-related proteins, including heat shock protein A family member 5, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, X-box binding protein 1, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase-12 and caspase-12. The anti-apoptotic and anti-ERS effects of Rutin on H9C2 cardiac cells induced by high glucose were examined after the administration of the ERS activator thapsigargin (TG). The results indicated that rutin could dose-dependently inhibit the level of apoptosis and ERS induced by high glucose in H9C2 cells. After administration of the ERS activator TG, it was demonstrated that TG could reverse the anti-apoptotic and anti-ERS effects of rutin on H9C2 cells stimulated with high glucose. Collectively, the present results suggested that rutin may alleviate cardiomyocyte model cell injury induced by high glucose through the inhibition of apoptosis and ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Liu J, Tian J, Sodhi K, Shapiro JI. The Na/K-ATPase Signaling and SGLT2 Inhibitor-Mediated Cardiorenal Protection: A Crossed Road? J Membr Biol 2021; 254:513-529. [PMID: 34297135 PMCID: PMC8595165 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In different large-scale clinic outcome trials, sodium (Na+)/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed profound cardiac- and renal-protective effects, making them revolutionary treatments for heart failure and kidney disease. Different theories are proposed according to the emerging protective effects other than the original purpose of glucose-lowering in diabetic patients. As the ATP-dependent primary ion transporter providing the Na+ gradient to drive other Na+-dependent transporters, the possible role of the sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) as the primary ion transporter and its signaling function is not explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Hu H, Chen Y, Jing L, Zhai C, Shen L. The Link Between Ferroptosis and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Novel Target for Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:710963. [PMID: 34368260 PMCID: PMC8341300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.710963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and other types of cell death in morphology and function. Ferroptosis is regulated by a variety of factors and controlled by several mechanisms, including mitochondrial activity and metabolism of iron, lipid, and amino acids. Accumulating evidence shows that ferroptosis is closely related to a majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the current status of ferroptosis and discusses ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunqing Chen
- Department of Infection, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu HZ, Zhang LY, Zhai ME, Xia L, Cao Y, Xu L, Li KF, Jiang LQ, Shi H, Li X, Zhou YN, Ding W, Wang DX, Gao EH, Liu JC, Yu SQ, Duan WX. GDF11 Alleviates Pathological Myocardial Remodeling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through SIRT1-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686848. [PMID: 34262905 PMCID: PMC8273395 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and vascular injury by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of GDF11 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine whether GDF11 could prevent DCM. After establishing a mouse model of diabetes by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, intramyocardial injection of an adeno-associated virus was used to achieve myocardium-specific GDF11 overexpression. GDF11 remarkably improved cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and protecting against cardiomyocyte loss. Mechanistically, decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity were observed in diabetic mice, which was significantly increased after GDF11 overexpression. To further explore how SIRT1 mediates the role of GDF11, the selective inhibitor EX527 was used to block SIRT1 signaling pathway, which abolished the protective effects of GDF11 against DCM. In vitro studies confirmed that GDF11 protected against H9c2 cell injury in high glucose and palmitate by attenuating oxidative injury and apoptosis, and these effects were eliminated by SIRT1 depletion. Our results demonstrate for the first time that GDF11 protects against DCM by regulating SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-En Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Feng Li
- Basic Medical Teaching Experiment Center, Basic Medical College, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Qing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye-Nong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Xun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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69
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Hussein AM, Eid EA, Bin-Jaliah I, Taha M, Lashin LS. Exercise and Stevia Rebaudiana (R) Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Possible Underlying Mechanisms. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1117-1132. [PMID: 32310054 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200420084444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the current work, we studied the effects of exercise and stevia rebaudiana (R) extracts on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetic rats and their possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups; a) normal control group, b) DM group, type 2 diabetic rats received 2 ml oral saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ Exercise, type 2 diabetic rats were treated with exercise for 4 weeks and d) DM+ stevia R extracts: type 2 diabetic rats received methanolic stevia R extracts. By the end of the experiment, serum blood glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin and cardiac enzymes (LDH, CK-MB), cardiac histopathology, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH and CAT), myocardial fibrosis by Masson trichrome, the expression of p53, caspase-3, α-SMA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by immunostaining in myocardial tissues were measured. RESULTS T2DM caused a significant increase in blood glucose, HOMA-IR index, serum CK-MB and LDH, myocardial damage and fibrosis, myocardial MDA, myocardial α-SMA, p53, caspase-3, Nrf2 and TH density with a significant decrease in serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT (p< 0.05). On the other hand, treatment with either exercise or stevia R extracts significantly improved all studied parameters (p< 0.05). Moreover, the effects of stevia R was more significant than exercise (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Both exercise and methanolic stevia R extracts showed cardioprotective effects against DCM and Stevia R offered more cardioprotective than exercise. This cardioprotective effect of these lines of treatment might be due to attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, sympathetic nerve density and fibrosis and upregulation of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Eid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lashin S Lashin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Qi H, Gu L, Xu D, Liu K, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wang X, Li Y, Qi J. β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits cardiac microvascular collagen 4 accumulation by attenuating oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and high glucose treated cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174012. [PMID: 33727057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of collagen 4 (COL4) and thickened basement membrane are features of diabetic cardiac microvascular fibrosis that may be induced by oxidative stress. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate exhibits various cardiovascular protective effects, however its mechanism remains to be clarified. In the current study, the effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on cardiac microvascular fibrosis and COL4 accumulation were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in high glucose (HG) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). Generations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and the amount of nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured in vivo and in vitro. Ten weeks of β-hydroxybutyrate treatment (160, 200 and 240 mg/kg/d) attenuated cardiac microvascular fibrosis and inhibited cardiac COL4 generation and microvascular distribution in diabetic rats. Furthermore, β-hydroxybutyrate promoted cardiac Cu/Zn-SOD generation and reduced NT content, without reducing iNOS generation in diabetic rats. In HCMECs, stimulation with HG induced excess generation of COL4 via peroxynitrite. β-Hydroxybutyrate treatment (2, 4, 6 mM) attenuated HG-stimulated COL4 accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, 4 mM β-hydroxybutyrate promoted Cu/Zn-SOD generation and reduced NT content, without affecting excess iNOS generation in HG-stimulated HCMECs. In conclusion, this study showed that β-hydroxybutyrate promoted Cu/Zn-SOD generation, reduced peroxynitrite and inhibited cardiac microvascular COL4 accumulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lihui Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Food and drug Engineering, Shijiazhuang University of Applied Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB, Sun QY, Lopaschuk GD. Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:686-715. [PMID: 33783483 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in the diabetic patients, collectively termed as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies is not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and posttranslational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiu Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Diabetic heart disease is a growing and important public health risk. Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease or hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for heart failure in the form of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DiaCM). Currently, DiaCM is defined as myocardial dysfunction in patients with DM in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying pathomechanism of DiaCM is partially understood, but accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, increased myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, inflammation, enhanced apoptosis, impaired intracellular calcium handling, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulation of microRNAs, among other factors, are involved. Numerous animal models have been used to investigate the pathomechanisms of DiaCM. Despite some limitations, animal models for DiaCM have greatly advanced our understanding of pathomechanisms and have helped in the development of successful disease management strategies. In this review, we summarize the current pathomechanisms of DiaCM and provide animal models for DiaCM according to its pathomechanisms, which may contribute to broadening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitating the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
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Pemafibrate suppresses oxidative stress and apoptosis under cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 33732304 PMCID: PMC7903427 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus accelerates the hyperglycemia susceptibility-induced injury to cardiac cells. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) decreases ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in animals without diabetes. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that pemafibrate may exert a protective effect on the myocardium in vivo and in vitro. A type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rat model and H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose under hypoxia and reoxygenation treatments were used in the present study. The rat model and the cells were subsequently treated with pemafibrate. In the T1DM rat model, pemafibrate enhanced the expression of PPARα in the diabetic-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (D-IRI) group compared with the D-IRI group. The infarct size in the D-IRI group was reduced following pemafibrate treatment relative to the untreated group. The disruption of the mitochondrial structure and myofibrils in the D-IRI group was partially recovered by pemafibrate. In addition, to evaluate the mechanism of action of pemafibrate in the treatment of diabetic myocardial IR injury, an in vitro model was established. PPARα protein expression levels were reduced in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) groups compared with that in the control or high glucose-treated groups. Pemafibrate treatment significantly enhanced the ATP and superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels compared with the high glucose combined with H/R group. Furthermore, pemafibrate inhibited the expression of cytochrome c and cleaved-caspase-3, indicating its involvement in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Pemafibrate also reduced the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the activation of which reversed the protective effects of pemafibrate on diabetic myocardial IR injury in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that pemafibrate may activate PPARα to protect the T1DM rat myocardium against IR injury through inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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Kyriazis ID, Hoffman M, Gaignebet L, Lucchese AM, Markopoulou E, Palioura D, Wang C, Bannister TD, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Oka SI, Sadoshima J, Koch WJ, Goldberg IJ, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB, Kararigas G, Drosatos K. KLF5 Is Induced by FOXO1 and Causes Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2021; 128:335-357. [PMID: 33539225 PMCID: PMC7870005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a major complication in type-1 diabetes, accompanied by altered cardiac energetics, impaired mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Previous studies indicate that type-1 diabetes is associated with increased cardiac expression of KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor-5) and PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) that regulate cardiac lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the involvement of KLF5 in DbCM and its transcriptional regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS KLF5 mRNA levels were assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular patients with diabetes and were higher compared with nondiabetic individuals. Analyses in human cells and diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 (Forkhead box protein O1) deletion showed that FOXO1 bound directly on the KLF5 promoter and increased KLF5 expression. Diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 deletion had lower cardiac KLF5 expression and were protected from DbCM. Genetic, pharmacological gain and loss of KLF5 function approaches and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-mediated Klf5 delivery in mice showed that KLF5 induces DbCM. Accordingly, the protective effect of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 ablation in DbCM was abolished when KLF5 expression was rescued. Similarly, constitutive cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 overexpression caused cardiac dysfunction. KLF5 caused oxidative stress via direct binding on NADPH oxidase (NOX)4 promoter and induction of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) expression. This was accompanied by accumulation of cardiac ceramides. Pharmacological or genetic KLF5 inhibition alleviated superoxide formation, prevented ceramide accumulation, and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-mediated activation of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 increases KLF5 expression, which stimulates NOX4 expression, ceramide accumulation, and causes DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Lea Gaignebet
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Eftychia Markopoulou
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Dimitra Palioura
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458m USA
| | | | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10785, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
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Nikolic M, Zivkovic V, Jovic JJ, Sretenovic J, Davidovic G, Simovic S, Djokovic D, Muric N, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V. SGLT2 inhibitors: a focus on cardiac benefits and potential mechanisms. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:935-949. [PMID: 33534040 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the cardioprotective potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SLGT2i), as well as several most discussed mechanisms responsible for their cardioprotection. Cardiovascular diseases are considered a primary cause of death in nearly 80% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with a 2-4-fold greater incidence of heart failure (HF) among diabetics. As novel hypoglycemics, SGLT2i showed exceptional cardiovascular benefits, reflected through robust reductions of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for HF in T2DM patients. Recently, those effects have been reported even in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction irrespectively of diabetic status, suggesting that cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i are driven independently of their hypoglycemic actions. SGLT2i exerted hemodynamic and metabolic effects, partially driven by natriuresis and osmotic diuresis. However, those systemic effects are modest, and therefore cannot be completely related to the cardiac benefits of these agents in T2DM patients. Hence, increased circulating ketone levels during SGLT2i administration have brought out another hypothesis of a cardiac metabolic switch. Moreover, SGLT2i influence ion homeostasis and exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Their enviable influence on oxidative stress markers, as well as anti- and pro-apoptotic factors, have also been reported. However, since the main mechanistical contributor of their cardioprotection has not been elucidated yet, a joint action of systemic and molecular mechanisms has been suggested. In the light of ongoing trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2i in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction, a new chapter of beneficial SGLT2i mechanisms is expected, which might resolve their main underlying action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran Davidovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefan Simovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djokovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Muric
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia.
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Chang WT, Lin YW, Ho CH, Chen ZC, Liu PY, Shih JY. Dapagliflozin suppresses ER stress and protects doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:659-671. [PMID: 33211168 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with diabetes have an increasing risk of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Despite previous studies reporting benefits of dapagliflozin on the cardiovascular system, it remains unknown whether dapagliflozin has a cardioprotective effect in cancer patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the potential of dapagliflozin for preventing doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Using Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, the incidence of heart failure of cancer patients with or without diabetes was investigated. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were pretreated with oral dapagliflozin for 6 weeks followed by Dox for 4 weeks via intraperitoneal injection. Sequential echocardiography was applied to assess cardiac function. For in vitro analysis, cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose were treated with dapagliflozin at 10 μM and subsequently exposed to Dox at 1 μM. Apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein expression were measured. Among the studied patients, those with diabetes had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events including the development of heart failure. In diabetic rats, dapagliflozin reduced cardiac fibrosis and significantly improved cardiac function. Dapagliflozin effectively inhibited Dox-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in cardiomyocytes under high glucose. Mechanistically, we showed that dapagliflozin decreased the cardiac expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 but increased Bcl-2. Dapagliflozin also significantly reduced ER stress-associated proteins including GRP78, PERK, eIF-2α, ATF-4, and CHOP. Our study revealed for the first time that dapagliflozin mitigated Dox-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetes. These results indicate that dapagliflozin could be useful for preventing cardiotoxicity in diabetic cancer patients receiving Dox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C..
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Shabab S, Gholamnezhad Z, Mahmoudabady M. Protective effects of medicinal plant against diabetes induced cardiac disorder: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113328. [PMID: 32871233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Nowadays, there is an increase in global tendency to use medicinal plants as preventive and therapeutic agents to manage diabetes and its long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders owing to their availability and valuable traditional background. AIM OF STUDY This review aims to introduce common medicinal plants, which have been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects on diabetes and their mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online literature databases, including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched without date limitation by May 2020. The following keywords (natural products or medicinal plants or herbal medicine or herb or extract) and (diabetes or antidiabetic or hyperglycemic) and (cardiomyopathy or heart or cardioprotective or cardiac or cardio) were used, and after excluding non-relevant articles, 81 original English articles were selected. RESULTS The surveyed medicinal plants induced cardioprotective effects mostly through increasing antioxidant effects leading to attenuating ROS production as well as by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and related cytokines. Moreover, they ameliorated the Na+/K + ATPase pump, the L-type Ca2+ channel current, and the intracellular ATP. They also reduced cardiac remodeling and myocardial cell apoptosis through degradation of caspase-3, Bax, P53 protein, enhancement of Bcl-2 protein expression as well as downregulation of TGFβ1 and TNFα expression. In addition, the extracts improved cardiac function through increasing EF% and FS% as well as restoring hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed medicinal plants demonstrated cardioprotective manifestations in diabetes through intervention with mechanisms involved in the diabetic heart to restore cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fenofibrate Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/Reperfusion- and High Glucose-Induced Detrimental Effects. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:8895376. [PMID: 33505452 PMCID: PMC7811426 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8895376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions caused by high glucose (HG), hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R), and the coexistence of both conditions in cardiomyocytes are linked to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing irreversible damage to macromolecules in the cardiomyocyte as well as its ultrastructure. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, promotes beneficial activities counteracting cardiac injury. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the potential protective effect of fenofibrate in cardiomyocytes exposed to HG, H/R, and HG+H/R. Cardiomyocyte cultures were divided into four main groups: (1) control (CT), (2) HG (25 mM), (3) H/R, and (4) HG+H/R. Our results indicate that cell viability decreases in cardiomyocytes undergoing HG, H/R, and both conditions, while fenofibrate improves cell viability in every case. Fenofibrate also decreases ROS production as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) subunit expression. Regarding the antioxidant defense, superoxide dismutase (SOD Cu2+/Zn2+ and SOD Mn2+), catalase, and the antioxidant capacity were decreased in HG, H/R, and HG+H/R-exposed cardiomyocytes, while fenofibrate increased those parameters. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) increased significantly in treated cells, while pathologies increased the expression of its inhibitor Keap1. Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage was lower in fenofibrate-exposed cardiomyocytes. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase was also favored in cardiomyocytes treated with fenofibrate. Our results suggest that fenofibrate preserves the antioxidant status and the ultrastructure in cardiomyocytes undergoing HG, H/R, and HG+H/R preventing damage to essential macromolecules involved in the proper functioning of the cardiomyocyte.
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ALTamimi JZ, BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, El-kott AF, AL-Farga AM. Fisetin protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by suppressing fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting protein kinase R. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:27-42. [PMID: 33603537 PMCID: PMC7873759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined if the Fisetin against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) in rats involves regulating cardiac metabolism and suppressing protein kinase R (PKR). Male rats were divided (12/groups) as control (non-diabetic), control + Fisetin, T1DM, and T1DM + Fisetin. Fisetin was administered orally at a final dose of 2.5 mg/kg for 12 weeks. In T1DM1-induced rats, Fisetin prevented heart and final body weights loss, lowered circulatory levels troponin I and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), increased fasting insulin levels, and improved ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. It also preserved the structure of the cardiomyocytes and reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagenase 1A, caspase-3, and the activation of JNK, p53, and p38 MAPK. In the control and diabetic rats, Fisetin attenuated fasting hyperglycaemia, the increases in glucose levels after the oral and insulin tolerance tests, and HOMA-IR. It also increased cardiac glucose oxidation by increasing the activity of private dehydrogenase (PDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), protein levels of PPAR-α and suppressed cardiac inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB. These effects were associated with a reduction in the activity of PKR and subsequent increase in the activity of eeukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) with a parallel increase in protein levels of p67, a cellular inhibitor of PKR. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Fisetin, prevented high glucose (HG)-induced activation of PKR and reduction in p67, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of Fisetin on PKR was diminished in LG and HG-treated cardiomyocytes with p67-siRNA. In conclusion, Fisetin protects against DC in rats by improving cardiac glucose metabolism and suppressing PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F. El-kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar M. AL-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yehya YM, Hussein AM, Ezam K, Eid EA, Ibrahim EM, Sarhan MAFE, Elsayed A, Sarhan ME. Blockade of Renin Angiotensin System Ameliorates the Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sympathetic Neural Remodeling in Hearts of Type 2 DM Rat Model. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:464-478. [PMID: 31544705 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190809150921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the effects of renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on cardiac arrhythmias and sympathetic nerve remodelling in heart tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups; a) normal control group: normal rats, b) DM group; after type 2 diabetes induction, rats received 2ml oral saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ ACEi: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks) and d) DM+ ARBs: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks). RESULTS In type 2 diabetic rats, the results demonstrated significant prolongation in Q-T interval and elevation of blood sugar, HOMA-IR index, TC, TGs, LDL, serum CK-MB, myocardial damage, myocardial MDA, myocardial norepinephrine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) density with significant reduction in serum HDL, serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT. On the other hand, blockade of RAS at the level of either ACE by enalapril or angiotensin (Ag) receptors by losartan resulted in significant improvement in ECG parameters (Q-T), cardiac enzymes (CK-MB), cardiac morphology, myocardial oxidative stress (low MDA, high CAT and GSH) and myocardial TH density. CONCLUSION RAS plays a role in the cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting and cardiac arrhythmias induced by type 2 DM and its blockade might have a cardioprotective effect via attenuation of sympathetic nerve fibres remodelling, myocardial norepinephrine contents and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M Yehya
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Ezam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Eid
- Department of internal Medicine and endocrinology, Delta University, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A F E Sarhan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aya Elsayed
- Medical Experimental Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Sarhan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ke X, Lin Z, Ye Z, Leng M, Chen B, Jiang C, Jiang X, Li G. Histone Deacetylases in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:679655. [PMID: 34367065 PMCID: PMC8339406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.679655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its complications are currently increasing. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the main cause of diabetes mellitus associated morbidity and mortality; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of DCM development is required for more effective treatment. A disorder of epigenetic posttranscriptional modification of histones in chromatin has been reported to be associated with the pathology of DCM. Recent studies have implicated that histone deacetylases could regulate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in cellular processes including cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore in this review, we summarized the roles of histone deacetylases in the pathogenesis of DCM, aiming to provide insights into exploring potential preventative and therapeutic strategies of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ke
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Lin
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Leng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun Jiang, ; Guowei Li,
| | - Guowei Li
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun Jiang, ; Guowei Li,
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Tan YY, Chen LX, Fang L, Zhang Q. Cardioprotective effects of polydatin against myocardial injury in diabetic rats via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB activities. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:378. [PMID: 33308195 PMCID: PMC7733248 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a main cause of the increased morbidity in diabetic patients, no effective treatment is available so far. Polydatin, a resveratrol glucoside isolated from the Polygonum cuspidatum, was found by our and others have antioxidant and cardioprotective activities. Therapeutic effects of polydatin on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the possible mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of polydatin on myocardial injury induced by hyperglycemia. Methods Diabetes in rats was made by high-fat diet combined with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, and then treated with polydatin (100 mg·kg-1·day-1, by gavage) for 8 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Myocardial tissue and blood samples were collected for histology, protein and metabolic characteristics analysis. In cultured H9c2 cells with 30 mM of glucose, the direct effects of polydatin on myocyte injury were also observed. Results In diabetic rats, polydatin administration significantly improved myocardial dysfunction and attenuated histological abnormalities, as evidenced by elevating left ventricular shortening fraction and ejection fraction, as well as reducing cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. In cultured H9c2 cells, pretreatment of polydatin dose-dependently inhibited high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Further observation evidenced that polydatin suppressed the increase in the reactive oxygen species levels, NADPH oxidase activity and inflammatory cytokines production induced by hyperglycemia in vivo and in vitro. Polydatin also prevented the increase expression of NOX4, NOX2 and NF-κB in the high glucose -stimulated H9c2 cells and diabetic hearts. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effect of polydatin against hyperglycemia-induced myocardial injury is mediated by inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB activity. The findings may provide a novel understanding the mechanisms of the polydatin to be a potential treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03177-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China.,Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Xin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Ling Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China.
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83
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Li C, Yuan M, Li K, Bai W, Rao L. Value of peak strain dispersion in discovering left ventricular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21437. [PMID: 33293679 PMCID: PMC7722717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The aim of the current study was to explore the value of peak strain dispersion (PSD) for discovering early-stage left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. One hundred and one T2DM patients and sixty healthy subjects were selected for this study. T2DM patients were further divided into controlled blood glucose (HbA1c < 7%, n = 46) and uncontrolled blood glucose (HbA1c ≥ 7%, n = 55) subgroups. All participants underwent conventional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Our results showed that an obvious difference was not observed in global longitudinal strain (GLS) between the controlled blood glucose group and the control group (− 20.34% vs − 21.22%, P = 0.068). Compared with the healthy controls, the uncontrolled blood glucose group showed an impaired GLS (− 18.62% vs − 21.22%, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, PSD was appreciably increased in the controlled blood glucose group (36.02 ms vs 32.48 ms, P = 0.01) and uncontrolled blood glucose group (57.51 ms vs 32.48 ms, P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that HbA1c was closely related to PSD lesion in the LV in the T2DM group (β = 0.520, P < 0.001). PSD plays an important role in evaluating the coordination and synchronization of myocardial movement and provides a more accurate and sensitive index assessment of early LV systolic function in T2DM patients. In addition, HbA1c levels were related to LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Miao Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenjuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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84
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Shaher F, Wang S, Qiu H, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, AL-Ward H, Abdulghani MAM, Baldi S, Zhou S. Effect and Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Spores on Alleviation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Pilot in vivo Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4809-4822. [PMID: 33335409 PMCID: PMC7736836 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s281527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) exhibit disease prevention properties, but no study has been carried out on the anti-diabetic cardiomyopathy property of GLS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyopathy protection and mechanisms of GLS in streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetic rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Two groups were given STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment and when their fasting plasma glucose was above 16.7 mmol/L, among them, one group was given placebo, as diabetic group, and another group was given GLS (300 mg/kg) treatment. The group without STZ treatment was given placebo as a control group. The experiment lasted 70 days. The histology of myocardium and biomarkers of antioxidants, myocardial injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins and phosphorylation of key proteins in PI3K/AKT pathway were assessed. RESULTS Biochemical analysis showed that GLS treatment significantly reduced the blood glucose (-20.3%) and triglyceride (-20.4%) levels compared to diabetic group without treatment. GLS treatment decreased the content of MDA (-25.6%) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (-18.9%) but increased the activity of GSH-Px (65.4%). Western blot analysis showed that GLS treatment reduced the expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin and brain natriuretic peptide. Histological analysis on the cardiac tissue micrographs showed that GLS treatment reduced collagen fibrosis and glycogen reactivity in myocardium. Both Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that GLS treatment decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (cytokines IL-1β, and TNF-α) as well as apoptosis regulatory proteins (Bax, caspase-3 and -9), but increased Bcl-2. Moreover, GLS treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in PI3K/AKT pathway, eg, p-AKT p-PI3K and mTOR. CONCLUSION The results indicated that GLS treatment alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and further attenuating the fibrosis and myocardial dysfunction induced by STZ through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hisham AL-Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mahfoudh A M Abdulghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology (iBEST), University of Bedfordshire, LutonLU1 3JU, UK
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85
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Bakkar NMZ, Mougharbil N, Mroueh A, Kaplan A, Eid AH, Fares S, Zouein FA, El-Yazbi AF. Worsening baroreflex sensitivity on progression to type 2 diabetes: localized vs. systemic inflammation and role of antidiabetic therapy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E835-E851. [PMID: 32865011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00145.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an early cardiovascular manifestation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, its underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We recently showed that localized perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) inflammation underlies the incidence of parasympathetic CAN in prediabetes. Here, we extend our investigation to provide a mechanistic framework for the evolution of autonomic impairment as the metabolic insult worsens. Early metabolic dysfunction was induced in rats fed a mild hypercaloric diet. Two low-dose streptozotocin injections were used to evoke a state of late decompensated T2D. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed by invasive measurement of baroreflex sensitivity using the vasoactive method. Progression into T2D was associated with aggravation of CAN to include both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms. Unlike prediabetic rats, T2D rats showed markers of brainstem neuronal injury and inflammation as well as increased serum levels of IL-1β. Experiments on PC12 cells differentiated into sympathetic-like neurons demonstrated that brainstem injury observed in T2D rats resulted from exposure to possible proinflammatory mediators in rat serum rather than a direct effect of the altered metabolic profile. CAN and the associated cardiovascular damage in T2D only responded to combined treatment with insulin to manage hyperglycemia in addition to a nonhypoglycemic dose of metformin or pioglitazone providing an anti-inflammatory effect, coincident with the effect of these combinations on serum IL-1β. Our present results indicate that CAN worsening upon progression to T2D involves brainstem inflammatory changes likely triggered by systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Mroueh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Souha Fares
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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86
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Ma W, Guo W, Shang F, Li Y, Li W, Liu J, Ma C, Teng J. Bakuchiol Alleviates Hyperglycemia-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Reducing Myocardial Oxidative Stress via Activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3732718. [PMID: 33062139 PMCID: PMC7545423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3732718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bakuchiol (BAK), a monoterpene phenol reported to have exerted a variety of pharmacological effects, has been related to multiple diseases, including myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and cancer. However, the effects of BAK on hyperglycemia-caused diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, streptozotocin-induced mouse model and high-glucose-treated cell model were conducted to investigate the protective roles of BAK on diabetic cardiomyopathy, in either the presence or absence of SIRT1-specific inhibitor EX527, SIRT1 siRNA, or Nrf2 siRNA. Our data demonstrated for the first time that BAK could significantly abate diabetic cardiomyopathy by alleviating the cardiac dysfunction, ameliorating the myocardial fibrosis, mitigating the cardiac hypertrophy, and reducing the cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, BAK achieved its antifibrotic and antihypertrophic actions by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, as well as decreasing the expressions of fibrosis- and hypertrophy-related markers. Intriguingly, these above effects of BAK were largely attributed to the remarkable activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling, which eventually strengthened cardiac antioxidative capacity by elevating the antioxidant production and reducing the reactive oxygen species generation. However, all the beneficial results were markedly abolished with the administration of EX527, SIRT1 siRNA, or Nrf2 siRNA. In summary, these novel findings indicate that BAK exhibits its therapeutic properties against hyperglycemia-caused diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating myocardial oxidative damage via activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wangang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Fujun Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jiwei Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
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87
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Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:585-607. [PMID: 32080423 PMCID: PMC7849055 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited. Diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of the dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism associated with diabetes mellitus, which leads to increased oxidative stress and the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways that mediate cellular and extracellular injury, pathological cardiac remodelling, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple intracellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential cardioprotective strategies to prevent and treat the disease, including antifibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. Some of these interventions have been tested in clinical trials and have shown favourable initial results. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and we summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that might provide guidance for the development of targeted strategies. We also highlight some of the novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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88
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Mariappan V, Budin SB. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Possible Therapeutic Roles of Phenolic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176043. [PMID: 32842567 PMCID: PMC7503847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the powerhouse of the cells, mitochondria play a very important role in ensuring that cells continue to function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main factors contributing to the development of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. In early development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), patients present with myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling and diastolic dysfunction, which later develop into systolic dysfunction and eventually heart failure. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Thus, it is important to develop novel therapeutics in order to prevent the progression of DCM, especially by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, a number of studies have reported the potential of phenolic acids in exerting the cardioprotective effect by combating mitochondrial dysfunction, implicating its potential to be adopted in DCM therapies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of DCM and the potential role of phenolic acids in combating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Such information can be used for future development of phenolic acids as means of treating DCM by alleviating the cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7645
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89
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Taurine with combined aerobic and resistance exercise training alleviates myocardium apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetes rats via Akt signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 258:118225. [PMID: 32771557 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was considering the effects of taurine supplementation with combined aerobic and resistance training (CARE) on myocardial apoptosis and Protein Kinase B (akt) level changes in diabetic rat. MAIN METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups of 8 animals in each: 1) control, 2) Diabetes Mellitus (DM), 3) DM with taurine supplementation (DM/T), 4) DM with CARE (DM/CARE), and 5) DM with combination of taurine and CARE (DM/T/CARE). DM was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotine amid (NA) for 2, 3, 4 and 5 groups. Supplement groups received taurine in gavage, 100 mg/kg of body weight, 6 day per weeks, 8 weeks. CARE was performed at maximal speed and 1RM (40-60% of maximum for both). KEY FINDINGS The results of this study showed that DM significantly increased blood glucose and caspase 3, caspase 9 expressions and apoptosis cells in heart tissue and reduced Akt expression (p < 0.001). However, taurine and CARE interventions significantly decreased apoptosis markers (caspase 3 and caspase 9) and significantly increased Akt in heart of diabetic rats compare to DM groups (p < 0.05). The highest improvement observed in DM/T/CARE group (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Based on these results, it seems that the use of taurine with combined aerobic and exercise training minimize the cardiac damage caused by diabetes (especially apoptosis) trough increasing protein kinase Akt expression. This could improve cardiac remodeling after diabetes. However, more research is needed, especially on the human samples.
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90
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Zhang YM, Zhang ZY, Wang RX. Protective Mechanisms of Quercetin Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32848878 PMCID: PMC7412593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has attracted more attention in recent years due to its protective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Quercetin can alleviate oxidative stress injury through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, blockage of the Fenton reaction, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Quercetin can also exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by reducing the response to inflammatory factors and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Moreover, it can induce vasodilation effects through the inhibition of endothelin-1 receptors, the enhancement of NO stimulation and the activation of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Finally, Quercetin can also antagonize the calcium overload. These multifaceted activities of Quercetin make it a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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91
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Wang C, Zhu L, Yuan W, Sun L, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Yao W. Diabetes aggravates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury via activating Nox2-related programmed cell death in an AMPK-dependent manner. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6670-6679. [PMID: 32351005 PMCID: PMC7299688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial ischaemia have a high fatality rate in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to expose the crosstalk between oxidative stress and AMPK, a vital molecule that controls biological energy metabolism, in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (I/RI) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was stimulated in rats using streptozotocin injection. Rats were separated on random into control, control + I/R, Diabetes, Diabetes + I/R, Diabetes + I/R + N-acetylcysteine and Diabetes + I/R + Vas2870 groups. Myocardial infarct size was determined, and the predominant Nox family isoforms were analysed. In vitro, the H9C2 cells were administered excess glucose and exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic diabetes and I/R. The AMPK siRNA or AICAR was used to inhibit or activate AMPK expression in H9C2 cells, respectively. Then, myocardial oxidative stress and programmed cell death were measured. Diabetes or high glucose levels were found to aggravate myocardial I/RI or hypoxia/reoxygenation in H9C2 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in myocardial infarct size or lactate dehydrogenase levels, oxidative stress generation and induction of programmed cell death. In diabetic rat hearts, cardiac Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 were all heightened. The suppression of Nox2 expression using Vas2870 or Nox2-siRNA treatment in vivo or in vitro, respectively, protected diabetic rats from myocardial I/RI. AMPK gene knockout increased Nox2 protein expression while AMPK agonist decreased Nox2 expression. Therefore, diabetes aggravates myocardial I/RI by generating of Nox2-associated oxidative stress in an AMPK-dependent manner, which led to the induction of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyShenzhen People's Hospital and Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering CenterThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyShenzhen People's Hospital and Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering CenterThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wenlin Yuan
- Department of AnesthesiologyShenzhen People's Hospital and Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering CenterThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Lingbin Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyShenzhen People's Hospital and Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering CenterThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of AnesthesiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zhongjun Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyShenzhen People's Hospital and Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering CenterThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus predisposes affected individuals to a significant spectrum of cardiovascular complications, one of the most debilitating in terms of prognosis is heart failure. Indeed, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an aging population has given rise to an epidemic of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure. Despite the significant research attention this phenomenon, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, has received over several decades, understanding of the full spectrum of potential contributing mechanisms, and their relative contribution to this heart failure phenotype in the specific context of diabetes mellitus, has not yet been fully resolved. Key recent preclinical discoveries that comprise the current state-of-the-art understanding of the basic mechanisms of the complex phenotype, that is, the diabetic heart, form the basis of this review. Abnormalities in each of cardiac metabolism, physiological and pathophysiological signaling, and the mitochondrial compartment, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial cell death pathways, and neurohumoral mechanisms, are addressed. Further, the interactions between each of these contributing mechanisms and how they align to the functional, morphological, and structural impairments that characterize the diabetic heart are considered in light of the clinical context: from the disease burden, its current management in the clinic, and where the knowledge gaps remain. The need for continued interrogation of these mechanisms (both known and those yet to be identified) is essential to not only decipher the how and why of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure but also to facilitate improved inroads into the clinical management of this pervasive clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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93
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Ding M, Liu C, Shi R, Yu M, Zeng K, Kang J, Fu F, Mi M. Mitochondrial fusion promoter restores mitochondrial dynamics balance and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in an optic atrophy 1-dependent way. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13428. [PMID: 31840416 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics including suppressed mitochondrial fusion has been observed in diabetic hearts. However, it is still unknown whether mitochondrial fusion promoter is an effective protection to diabetic hearts. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of mitochondrial fusion promoter on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Seven weeks after vehicle or STZ injection, control or diabetic rats were treated with the vehicle or a mitochondrial fusion promoter-M1 (2 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Moreover, M1 was administrated to the primary cardiomyocytes cultured in normal glucose medium (NG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 33 mnol/L). RESULTS Administration of M1 significantly promoted mitochondrial fusion and attenuated the reduction in optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expression in diabetic hearts. Importantly, M1 treatment attenuated oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function and alleviated DCM in diabetic rats. In HG-treated cardiomyocytes, M1 treatment consistently increased the expression of Opa1, promoted mitochondrial fusion, enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reduced mitochondria-derived superoxide production, all of which were blunted by Opa1 siRNA knockdown. In addition, selective upregulation of Opa1 alone can also promote mitochondrial fusion, improve mitochondrial function and inhibit mitochondria-derived superoxide production in HG-cultured cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings show for the first time that mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 effectively balances mitochondrial dynamics and protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via an Opa1-dependent way, suggesting that promoting mitochondrial fusion might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Ding
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Geriatrics Xi'an Central Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mingzhe Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Feng Fu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
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94
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Cyclovirobuxine D protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6427. [PMID: 32286474 PMCID: PMC7156511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the principal cause of death in people with diabetes. However, there is currently no effective strategy to prevent the development of DCM. Although cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) has been widely used to treat multiple cardiovascular diseases, the possible beneficial effects of CVB-D on DCM remained unknown. The present aim was to explore the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of CVB-D on DCM. We explored the effects of CVB-D in DCM by using high fat high sucrose diet and streptozotocin-induced rat DCM model. Cardiac function and survival in rats with DCM were improved via the amelioration of oxidative damage after CVB-D treatment. Our data also demonstrated that pre-treatment with CVB-D exerted a remarkable cytoprotective effect against high glucose -or H2O2 -induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte damage via the suppression of reactive oxygen species accumulation and restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential; this effect was associated with promotion of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream antioxidative stress signals (NQO-1, Prdx1). Overall, the present data has provided the first evidence that CVB-D has potential therapeutic in DCM, mainly by activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway to suppress oxidative stress. Our findings also have positive implications on the novel promising clinical applications of CVB-D.
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95
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic and Subcellular Abnormalities in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072413. [PMID: 32244448 PMCID: PMC7177292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyopathy in chronic diabetes has been recognized, the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced metabolic and subcellular changes as well as the therapeutic approaches for the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy are not fully understood. Cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes has been shown to be associated with Ca2+-handling abnormalities, increase in the availability of intracellular free Ca2+ and impaired sensitivity of myofibrils to Ca2+. Metabolic derangements, including depressed high-energy phosphate stores due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, as well as hormone imbalance and ultrastructural alterations, are also known to occur in the diabetic heart. It is pointed out that the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system generates oxidative stress, which produces defects in subcellular organelles including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. Such subcellular remodeling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In fact, blockade of the effects of neurohormonal systems has been observed to attenuate oxidative stress and occurrence of subcellular remodeling as well as metabolic abnormalities in the diabetic heart. This review is intended to describe some of the subcellular and metabolic changes that result in cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes. In addition, the therapeutic values of some pharmacological, metabolic and antioxidant interventions will be discussed. It is proposed that a combination therapy employing some metabolic agents or antioxidants with insulin may constitute an efficacious approach for the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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96
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Wang ZP, Che Y, Zhou H, Meng YY, Wu HM, Jin YG, Wu QQ, Wang SS, Yuan Y. Corosolic acid attenuates cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction in mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1425-1435. [PMID: 32323841 PMCID: PMC7138284 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CRA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CRA reduces cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (PBS-treated) or CRA-treated groups. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the mice were subjected to either sham surgery or permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Following surgery, all animals were treated with PBS or CRA (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, echocardiographic, haemodynamic, gravimetric, histological and biochemical analyses were conducted. The results revealed that, upon MI, mice with CRA treatment exhibited decreased mortality rates, improved ventricular function and attenuated cardiac fibrosis compared with those in control mice. Furthermore, CRA treatment resulted in reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inhibited the transforming growth factor β1/Smad signalling pathway activation in cardiac tissue. In vitro studies further indicated that inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) reversed the protective effect of CRA. In conclusion, the study revealed that CRA attenuated MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction through modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress associated with AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ge Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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97
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Zhang M, Wang X, Liu M, Liu D, Pan J, Tian J, Jin T, Xu Y, An F. Inhibition of PHLPP1 ameliorates cardiac dysfunction via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4612-4623. [PMID: 32150791 PMCID: PMC7176843 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) is a kind of serine/threonine phosphatase, whose dysregulation is accompanied with numerous human diseases. However, its role in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We explored the underlying function and mechanism of PHLPP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Method In vivo, Type 1 diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down the expression of PHLPP1. In vitro, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells were incubated in 5.5 mmol/L glucose (normal glucose, NG) or 33.3 mmol/L glucose (high glucose, HG). PHLPP1 expression was inhibited by PHLPP1‐siRNA to probe into the function of PHLPP1 in high glucose‐induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Results Diabetic rats showed up‐regulated PHLPP1 expression, left ventricular dysfunction, increased myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis. PHLPP1 inhibition alleviated cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, PHLPP1 inhibition significantly reduced HG‐induced apoptosis and restored PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, abolished the anti‐apoptotic effect of PHLPP1 inhibition. Conclusion Our study indicated that PHLPP1 inhibition alleviated cardiac dysfunction via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in DCM. Therefore, PHLPP1 may be a novel therapeutic target for human DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengshuang An
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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98
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Comparative Study of the Effects of GLP1 Analog and SGLT2 Inhibitor against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Possible Underlying Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030043. [PMID: 32106580 PMCID: PMC7175346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible cardioprotective effects of GLP1 and SGLT2i against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetic rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly subdivided into 4 equal groups: a) control group, b) DM group, type 2 diabetic rats with saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ GLP1, as DM group with GLP1 analogue (liraglutide) at a dose of 75 µg/kg for 4 weeks, and d) DM+ SGLT2i as DM group with SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) at a dose of 1mg/kg for 4 weeks. By the end of treatment (4 weeks), serum blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, and cardiac enzymes (LDH, CK-MB) were measured. Also, the cardiac histopathology, myocardial oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and CAT) and norepinephrine (NE), myocardial fibrosis, the expression of caspase-3, TGF-β, TNF-α, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in myocardial tissues were measured. RESULTS T2DM caused significant increase in serum glucose, HOMA-IR, serum CK-MB, and LDH (p < 0.05). Also, DM caused significant myocardial damage and fibrosis; elevation of myocardial MDA; NE with upregulation of myocardial caspase-3, TNF-α, TGF-β, and TH; and significant decrease in serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT (p < 0.05). Administration of either GLP1 analog or SGLT2i caused a significant improvement in all studied parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that both GLP1 and SGLT2i exhibited cardioprotective effects against DCM in T2DM, with the upper hand for SGLT2i. This might be due to attenuation of fibrosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis (caspase-3), sympathetic nerve activity, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and TGF-β).
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99
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Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ROS Formation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:12. [PMID: 32133373 PMCID: PMC7040199 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a result of diabetes-induced changes in the structure and function of the heart. Hyperglycemia affects multiple pathways in the diabetic heart, but excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress represent common denominators associated with adverse tissue remodeling. Indeed, key processes underlying cardiac remodeling in diabetes are redox sensitive, including inflammation, organelle dysfunction, alteration in ion homeostasis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction. Extensive experimental evidence supports the involvement of mitochondrial ROS formation in the alterations characterizing the diabetic heart. In this review we will outline the central role of mitochondrial ROS and alterations in the redox status contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will discuss the role of different sources of ROS involved in this process, with a specific emphasis on mitochondrial ROS producing enzymes within cardiomyocytes. Finally, the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibitors of ROS sources within the mitochondria will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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100
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Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure (HF), including reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), has increased significantly worldwide. However, the prognosis and treatment of HF are still not good. Recent studies have demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in cardiac repair during HF. The exact role and mechanism of HDL in the regulation of HF remain unexplained. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding HDL in the progression of HF, such as the regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, energy homeostasis, inflammation, neurohormone activation, and microvascular dysfunction. The effects of HDL on the regulation of cardiac-related cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes (CMs), and on cardiac resident immune cell dysfunction in HF are also explained. An in-depth understanding of HDL function in the heart may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of HF.
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