51
|
Specht AJ, Dickerson AS, Kponee-Shovein KZ, Nkpaa KW, Weisskopf MG. Toenail Metal Exposures in Fishermen from Bodo City, Nigeria. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:90-95. [PMID: 31728558 PMCID: PMC6946879 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted exposure assessment using toenails from 20 fishermen living in Bodo City, a community of the Niger delta region in Nigeria. This community has been affected by over 4000 oil spills and environmental disasters. Fishing is the primary source of food and income for individuals in this community. Previous research in Bodo City found elevated metal levels in fish. Toenails were used as a biomarker to investigate the feasibility for use in risk assessment studies in developing countries. The toenails collected had significantly higher manganese levels (median 5.8 µg/g) and lead levels (median 0.98 µg/g) than those reported in more developed countries, comparable levels to those from other low-middle incomes countries. These exposure levels are likely a direct result of exposures from the environmental disasters the community has experienced and would be related to increased risks for many diseases previously associated with heavy metal exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Specht
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Kpobari W Nkpaa
- Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Liu XH, Xing ZH, Chen QY, Wang YH. Multi-functional photocatalytic fuel cell for simultaneous removal of organic pollutant and chromium (VI) accompanied with electricity production. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124457. [PMID: 31382197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is of significant importance to realize the efficient wastewater treatment and energy recovery. This study presents a multi-functional photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC), which could reductively treat Cr(VI) contaminant and oxidatively degrade organic pollutant simultaneously along with electricity production in an economical strategy. TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNA) and graphite were used as photoanode and cathode in two separated chambers, respectively. The optimized PFC with open circuit voltage of 1.06 V, maximum power density of 1 W m-2 and short circuit current density of 3.7 A m-2 can be obtained by increasing Cr(VI) concentration and decreasing pH values in catholyte. Under optimized PFC conditions, more photogenerated electrons will be transferred to cathode for Cr(VI) reduction, and accelerating electron-hole separation in the photoanode, then facilitating the oxidation of organic pollutants on anode. More than 96.8% removal efficiency for 6.8 mM Cr(VI) with a cathodic efficiency of 95.1% can be achieved within 6 h. Methylene blue (MB), an organic model pollutant, is totally decolorized on photoanode, which is significantly improved compare to photocatalysis (61.5% removal efficiency). The stable cycle operation of this economical PFC has obtained owing to the stable and low cost materials of both photoanode and cathode. This work may provide an efficient and economical method to simultaneously remove two types of pollutants with electricity harvested in one cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-He Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hang Xing
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Yun-Hai Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Shaikh R, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Akhtar A, Baig JA. An environmental friendly enrichment method for microextraction of cadmium and lead in groundwater samples: Impact on biological sample of children. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124444. [PMID: 31394437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel ionic liquid-based vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction procedure(IL-VADLLμE) was proposed for the enrichment of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different types of water samples, domestic treated and groundwater (tube well and hand pump). Whereas, the concentration of both toxic metals was also determined in the scalp hair of children (age ranged 1-3 years), drinking contaminated groundwater termed as exposed group, whereas for comparative purposes scalp hair of age matched children consumed domestically treated water, named as non-exposed group. To preconcentrate the trace levels of Cd and Pb, a green chelating agent, l-cysteine (2-amino-3-sulfhydrylpropanoic acid) was used for complexation, an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM] [PF6] utilized as extractant and hexafluorophosphate ion (PF6-) as anion pairing agent, which facilitate the enrichment of hydrophobic complexes of analytes into the acceptor phase. Various operative features for the IL-VADLLμE method like pH of standards/samples, volume of ionic liquid and sample solution, concentration of ligand, ion pair reagent and ionic liquid, vortex and electrical shaking time (for comparative purpose), were thoroughly optimized. The projected method was effectively applicable to assess the Cd and Pb in trace level in real water sample (surface and groundwater) and scalp hair samples of children belongs to exposed and non-exposed areas. The high contents of both toxic metals in scalp hair samples of children consuming groundwater indicate that the adverse impacts of both toxic metals especially Pb on the general health as well as neuron and skeletal problem, from child hood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Shaikh
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Aendo P, Thongyuan S, Songserm T, Tulayakul P. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in duck eggs and meat as a warning scenario in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:215-222. [PMID: 31271987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Pb, Cd, Co and Cr in duck eggs and duck meat and to assess the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects caused by the consumption of duck products collected in Thailand. The human health risk assessment refers to the formulation of the USEPA standard focused on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ). Ninety-eight percent of duck egg samples in this study were contaminated with Pb, with the average level typically above the standard limit. The EDI evaluation of heavy metal in children was the highest for all metals in the eggs. The calculated ILCR levels of Pb, Cd and Cr in eggs and meat consumption were higher than 10-4 in children, adults, males, and females. Children were at risk when consuming contaminated duck eggs and the risk was higher than in adults by 3.9 times for Pb, Cd and Cr. This finding suggests that there is a high probability of cancer risk, particularly for children, which is higher than adults by absorption of these carcinogenic heavy metals through eggs. The calculation of THQ if consuming heavy metals contaminated duck eggs and meat in human exposure (70years) could conclude that the THQ male was higher than the female for all metals. However, the calculations of TTHQ for Pb, Cd, Co and Cr contamination in a duck egg and meat scenario for adults, males and females were still below the standard limit of 1, which means there was no risk, although there could be adverse health effects. This study suggested that children should be the focus of long-term monitoring for evaluating the carcinogenicity of these metals, more specifically in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Aendo
- Graduate Student in Animal Health and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - S Thongyuan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - T Songserm
- Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - P Tulayakul
- Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kwak K, Paek D, Zoh KE. Exposure to asbestos and the risk of colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:861-871. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos exposure is associated with mesothelioma and cancer of the lung, larynx and ovary. However, the association between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer is controversial despite several systematic reviews of the literature, including a number of meta-analyses. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate quantitatively the association between exposure to asbestos and colorectal cancer. We searched for articles on occupational asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science published before April 2018. In total, 44 articles were selected and 46 cohort studies were analysed. The overall pooled risk estimates and corresponding 95% CIs of the association between occupational asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity tests were also performed. There was a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer mortality among workers exposed to asbestos occupationally, with an overall pooled SMR of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.29). The pooled SMR for colorectal cancer was elevated in studies in which the asbestos-associated risk of lung cancer was also elevated (1.43; 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.56). This implies that the risk of colorectal cancer mortality increases as the level of asbestos exposure rises. A sensitivity analysis showed robust results and there was no publication bias. Although the effect size was small and the heterogeneity among studies was large, our findings indicate that occupational exposure to asbestos is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
56
|
Han B, Li S, Lv Y, Yang D, Li J, Yang Q, Wu P, Lv Z, Zhang Z. Dietary melatonin attenuates chromium-induced lung injury via activating the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:5555-5565. [PMID: 31429458 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to chromium (Cr) causes a number of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. However, there is currently no safe treatment for Cr-induced lung damage. Here, we used in vivo and in vitro approaches to examine the protective effects of melatonin (MEL) on Cr-induced lung injury and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that treatment of rats or a mouse lung epithelial cell MLE-12 with MEL attenuated K2Cr2O7-induced lung injury by reducing the production of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators and inhibiting cell apoptosis. MEL treatment upregulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), which deacetylated the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α). In turn, this increased the expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and key anti-oxidant target genes. These results suggest that melatonin attenuates chromium-induced lung injury via activating the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway. Dietary MEL supplement may be a potential new strategy for the treatment of Cr poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Daqian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Malekirad AA, Rahzani K, Ahmadi M, Rezaei M, Abdollahi M, Shahrjerdi S, Roostaie A, Mohajerani HR, Boland Nazar NS, Torfi F, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of oxidative stress, blood parameters, and neurocognitive status in cement factory workers. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1650776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Malekirad
- Department of Biology and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Rahzani
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Biology and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shahrjerdi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Roostaie
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Najmeh Sadat Boland Nazar
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Torfi
- Surgical Ward, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Chen QY, Murphy A, Sun H, Costa M. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114636. [PMID: 31228494 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring metallic element found in the Earth's crust. While trivalent chromium ([Cr(III)] is considered non-carcinogenic, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has long been established as an IARC class I human carcinogen, known to induce cancers of the lung. Current literature suggests that Cr(VI) is capable of inducing carcinogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although much has been learned about the molecular etiology of Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis, more remains to be explored. In particular, the explicit epigenetic alterations induced by Cr(VI) in lung cancer including histone modifications and miRNAs, remain understudied. Through comprehensive review of available literature found between 1973 and 2019, this article provides a summary of updated understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-carcinogenesis. In addition, this review identifies potential research gaps in the areas of histone modifications and miRNAs, which may prompt new niches for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Anthony Murphy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are recognized as carcinogens in the respiratory tract, giving rise to cancers of the lung, nose and nasal sinuses, especially in certain occupational environments. Inhalation exposure of Cr(VI)-containing particles, dusts and fumes commonly occurs in chromium-related occupational environments, such as chromium production, plating, welding of chromium-containing metals and alloys, electroplating, chromium-containing pigments and paints. Epidemiological surveys of chromium compounds have shown strong associations between exposure to Cr(VI) and mortality due to lung cancer, as well as positive associations with cancers of the nose and nasal cavity. Nasal symptoms, such as nasal irritation, ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum, nasal turbinate engorgement and hypertrophy, are important signs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and cancers of the nose and nasal cavity in those with an occupational history of Cr(VI) exposure. Cr(VI) exposure in the workplace remains a serious problem as a cause of lung cancer and cancers of nose and nasal cavity, especially in relatively small enterprises that use chromium compounds. Appropriate protection for workers should be considered in occupations that involve exposure to chromium compounds.
Collapse
|
60
|
Suh M, Wikoff D, Lipworth L, Goodman M, Fitch S, Mittal L, Ring C, Proctor D. Hexavalent chromium and stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:140-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Deng Y, Wang M, Tian T, Lin S, Xu P, Zhou L, Dai C, Hao Q, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Zhu Y, Zhuang G, Dai Z. The Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the Incidence and Mortality of Human Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on Published Epidemiological Cohort Studies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 30778374 PMCID: PMC6369173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an occupational carcinogen that can cause lung and nasal cancers, but its association with mortality and incidence in many other cancers is unclear. Objectives: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to Cr(VI) and the mortality and incidence of human cancers. Methods: We performed a search of the literature and extracted the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to estimate risk values. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, occupation, and types of cancer to identify groups that were at high-risk or predisposed to certain cancers. Results: A total of 47 cohort studies covering the period 1985–2016 were included (37 studies reporting SMRs and 16 studies reporting SIRs). The summary SMR for all studies combined was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15). Summary SMRs were higher among chromate production workers, chrome platers, and masons, and especially male workers. In the subgroup analysis, Cr(VI) exposure was related to a higher risk of death owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. The meta-SIR of all studies combined was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.09). Summary SIRs were elevated among cement industry workers and tanners. Cr(VI) exposure was related to an elevated risk of respiratory system, buccal cavity, pharynx, prostate, and stomach cancers. Conclusions: Cr(VI) might cause cancers of the respiratory system, buccal cavity and pharynx, prostate, and stomach in humans, and it is related to increased risk of overall mortality owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. In addition, there was a strong association between incidence and mortality risk of cancers and concentration of Cr(VI) in the air and the exposure time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Sciannameo V, Ricceri F, Soldati S, Scarnato C, Gerosa A, Giacomozzi G, d'Errico A. Cancer mortality and exposure to nickel and chromium compounds in a cohort of Italian electroplaters. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:99-110. [PMID: 30615207 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nickel and chromium-VI compounds are carcinogens for lung cancer, although it is still debated if there is an increased risk at low levels of exposure and for other cancers. METHODS In a cohort of 2991 Italian electroplaters, a proportion of whom were exposed to low levels of nickel and/or chromium, cumulative exposure to their compounds was obtained by multiplying average concentrations of the metals in each electroplating tank by duration of employment in the company. The association of exposure to compounds with mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox models. RESULTS No cancer site was associated with chromium exposure controlling for nickel, whereas exposure to nickel significantly increased mortality from lung, rectal, and kidney cancers, even after adjusting for exposure to chromium. CONCLUSIONS Study results suggest that exposure to nickel compounds may increase the risk of lung cancer even below its occupational exposure limit and indicate possible associations with other cancer sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sciannameo
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano (Turin) Italy
| | - Simona Soldati
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health; Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA Piemonte); Turin Italy
| | - Corrado Scarnato
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Gerosa
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giacomozzi
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Angelo d'Errico
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Guo X, Feng L, Lemos B, Lou J. DNA methylation modifications induced by hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:133-145. [PMID: 31084241 PMCID: PMC8479272 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1592640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] contributes a significant health risk and causes a number of chronic diseases and cancers. While the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium exposure are explicit and better-characterized, the exact mechanism underlying the carcinogenic process of Cr (VI) is still a matter of debate. In recent years, studies have shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, may play a significant role in Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize our understanding regarding the effects of Cr (VI) on global and gene-specific DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Guo
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013, P.R.C. Telephone: +86-571-88215566. Fax: +86-571-88215576.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Fei X, Lou Z, Christakos G, Ren Z, Liu Q, Lv X. The association between heavy metal soil pollution and stomach cancer: a case study in Hangzhou City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2481-2490. [PMID: 29679198 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomach cancer (SC) is a severe health burden, with nearly half of the world's cases found in China. Noticeably, the emissions of heavy metals into the environment have increased alongside rapid urbanization and industrialization in China. However, as regards carcinogenic associations, the relationship between heavy metals and SC is yet unclear. Based on 9378 newly diagnosed SC cases in Hangzhou City from 2009 to 2012, this work is concerned with the quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution pattern of SC incidence and its geographical association with soil heavy metals by means of a novel geographical model. The results show that (a) Cd is one of the severe soil pollutants in Hangzhou; (b) higher SC incidence clusters are in central Hangzhou, whereas lower clusters are found in the northeast and southwest with a male to female incidence ratio about 2.2:1; (c) although when considered separately, the heavy metals in this work do not have a considerable impact on the distribution of SC incidence in Hangzhou City, nevertheless, the joint effects of multiple heavy metals have significant impacts on SC risk. The present work calls for a rigorous quantitative assessment of the integrated heavy metal soil pollution and its effects on SC incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohan Lou
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - George Christakos
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhouqiao Ren
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Beaucham CC, Tapp LC, Mueller CA. Evaluation of Skin and Respiratory Symptoms Among Employees With Occupational Exposures to Cobalt and Chromium at an Orthopedic Implant Manufacturer. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:e626-e632. [PMID: 30256299 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Beaucham
- Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cancer incidence and all-cause mortality among civilian men and women employed by the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1950 and 2005. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 57:1-6. [PMID: 30205311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 8358 civilians (5134 men and 3224 women) employed by the Royal Norwegian Navy at any time between 1950 and 2005. METHODS The cohort was followed for cancer incidence and all-cause mortality from 1960 through 2015. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated from national rates. Separate SIRs were calculated for a subgroup of male workshop workers and another of female cleaners. RESULTS Overall cancer incidence among men was similar to the reference rate; male breast cancer was more frequent (SIR = 3.23). Male workshop workers showed a SIR of 1.77 for stomach cancer, while their incidence of lympho-haematopoietic cancers was half that of the reference rates. Women had increased risks of overall cancer (SIR = 1.11), lung cancer (SIR = 1.35), and ovarian cancer (SIR = 1.39). Female cleaners showed a SIR of 2.33 for bladder cancer and a lowered incidence of brain cancer (SIR = 0.18). In the overall cohort, all-cause mortality was lower than expected for men (SMR = 0.92) and closer to the reference rate for women (SMR = 0.95). CONCLUSION In men, we observed a lowered all-cause mortality and an excess of stomach cancer in workshop workers. In women, increased risks of overall cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer was seen. An increased risk of bladder cancer and a lowered incidence of brain cancer was observed among female cleaners.
Collapse
|
68
|
Hausladen DM, Alexander-Ozinskas A, McClain C, Fendorf S. Hexavalent Chromium Sources and Distribution in California Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8242-8251. [PMID: 29949365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater resources in California represent a confluence of high-risk factors for hexavalent chromium contamination as a result of industrial activities, natural geology, and, potentially, land use. Here, we examine state-wide links in California between groundwater Cr(VI) concentrations and chemicals that provide signatures for source attribution. In environmental monitoring wells, Cr(VI) had the highest co-occurrence and also clustered with 1,4-dioxane and several chlorinated hydrocarbons indicative of the metal plating industry. Additionally, hotspots of Cr(VI) co-occurring with bromoform result from volatile organic compound remediation using in situ chemical oxidation that inadvertently oxidizes naturally occurring Cr(III). In groundwater supply wells, which are typically free of industrial inputs, Cr(VI) correlates with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), vanadium, and ammonia and clusters with nitrate and dissolved oxygen, suggesting potential links between agricultural activities and Cr(VI). Specific controls on Cr(VI) vary substantially by region: from the metal plating industry around Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay areas to natural redox conditions along flow paths in the Mojave Desert and to correlations with agricultural practices in the Central Valley of California. While industrial uses of Cr lead to the most acute cases of groundwater Cr(VI) contamination, oxidation of naturally occurring Cr affects a larger area, more wells, and a greater number of people throughout California.
Collapse
|
69
|
Shi S, Yang J, Liang S, Li M, Gan Q, Xiao K, Hu J. Enhanced Cr(VI) removal from acidic solutions using biochar modified by Fe 3O 4@SiO 2-NH 2 particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:499-508. [PMID: 29453179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 magnetic particles with core-shell structure were attached on carboxylated biochar derived from phoenix tree leaves to synthesize a novel magnetic biochar for removing Cr(VI) ions from acidic solutions. FSEM, FTEM, XRD characterizations of the synthesized magnetic biochar revealed that the Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 magnetic particles distributed uniformly on the surface or macrospores of carboxylated biochar by strong chemical bonding. The Cr(VI) ions adsorption capacity of magnetic biochar was 27.2mg·g-1, surpassing original carboxylated biochar (18.2mg·g-1). VSM and XPS characterizations demonstrated that the attached Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 magnetic particles not only endowed biochar with perfect magnetic property (23emu·g-1) but also provided complexing sites for binding Cr(III) cations reduced from Cr(VI) anions. The Cr(VI) ions removal by magnetic biochar contained three steps: (1) adsorption of Cr(VI) anions by protonated functional groups; (2) reduction of Cr(VI) anions to Cr(III) cations by electron-donor groups; and (3) chelation of Cr(III) cations by amine groups. The adsorption recycling test showed that magnetic biochar kept 85% of its initial Cr(VI) adsorption capacity at the sixth cycle, and the Fe leakage under pH1.0 was smaller than 0.25mg·L-1. The results indicated that this novel magnetic biochar was applicable for the practical treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunquan Shi
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Quan Gan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Xu J, Zhao M, Pei L, Zhang R, Liu X, Wei L, Yang M, Xu Q. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in a long-term hexavalent chromium-exposed population in North China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021470. [PMID: 29950470 PMCID: PMC6020989 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a human carcinogen. As reported, cancer mortality was higher in Cr(VI)-contaminated areas. Scientists have recommended studying its health impact on people living in contaminated areas. This study aims to evaluate the health risk for people living in Cr(VI)-contaminated areas. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study in rural areas of north-eastern China. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were used as oxidative stress parameters, and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a DNA damage biomarker. We collected information on demographics, lifestyles and length of residence from all participants using a questionnaire. Biological specimens and environmental media samples were collected on the same day as the survey was done. We used t-test, χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and multivariate linear regression analysis. PARTICIPANTS The study included 319 participants exposed to Cr(VI) and 307 unexposed participants, with 447 women and 179 men. These participants met the following criteria: (1) living in the areas for more than 10 years; (2) age older than 18 years; and (3) without occupational chromium exposure. RESULTS Our study revealed that serum concentration of MDA (p<0.001), serum activities of CAT (p<0.001) and GSH-Px (p<0.001), as well as urine concentration of 8-OHdG (p=0.008) in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the unexposed group. However, serum SOD activity was significantly lower in the exposed group, compared with that in the unexposed group (p<0.001). Cr(VI) exposure and smoking have an interaction effect on GSH-Px activity (p<0.05). Cr(VI) exposure and alcohol drinking also have an interaction effect on GSH-Px activity (p<0.05). Longer residence in the exposed areas increased the oxidative levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed elevated oxidative stress and DNA damage in people exposed to Cr(VI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mingan Yang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yusefi AR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Bastani P, Radinmanesh M, Kavosi Z. Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:591-603. [PMID: 29579788 PMCID: PMC5980829 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with many influences contributing to the disease. The aim of this study was to identify the most important risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted in 2017 with a structured overview in the Science Directe, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science (ISI) databases. In the first step, articles were extracted based on their titles and abstracts; the quality of 43 articles was evaluated using the STORBE tool. Inclusion criteria were studies carried out on human, English language (first step), year of the study and the study type (second step). Results: Finally, 1,381 articles were found, of which 1,269 were excluded in primary and secondary screening. In reviewing the references of the remaining 44 papers, 4 studies were added. Finally, 43 articles were selected for the quality assessment process. A total of 52 risk factors for gastric cancer were identified and classified into nine important categories: diet, lifestyle, genetic predisposition, family history, treatment and medical conditions, infections, demographic characteristics, occupational exposures and ionizing radiation’. Conclusion: Several environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of gastric cancer. Regarding the role of changes in ‘diet and lifestyle’, considering appropriate nutrition and improving the level of education and awareness of people is vital for early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease, especially in people with a family history and genetic predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Yusefi
- Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Hazrat-e Aliasghar Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Kim J, Seo S, Kim Y, Kim DH. Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:7. [PMID: 29423230 PMCID: PMC5791242 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to suggest revised recognition standards for occupational disease due to chromium (VI) by reflecting recent domestic and international research works and considering domestic exposure status with respect to target organs, exposure period, and cumulative exposure dose in relation to the chromium (VI)-induced occupational disease compensation. Methods In this study, the reports published by major international institutions such as World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2012), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2006), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2013), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2004), National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2014), and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR) (2012) were reviewed and the recent research works searched by PubMed were summarized. Results Considering the recent research works and the domestic situation, only lung cancer is conserved in the legislative bill in relation to chromium (VI), and the exposure period is not included in the bill. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer was excluded from the list of cancers that are compensated as the chromium (VI)- induced occupational disease, while lung cancer remains in the list. In the view of legislative unity, considering the fact that only the cancers having sufficient evidence are included in the conventional list of cancers compensated as occupational disease, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer having limited evidence were excluded from the list. The exposure period was also removed from the legislative bill due to the insufficient evidence. Recent advices in connection with cumulative exposure dose were proposed, and other considerable points were provided with respect to individual occupational relevance. Conclusions It is suggested that the current recognition standard which is “Lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof (exposure for two years or longer), or nickel compounds” should be changed to “Lung cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof, and lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to nickel compounds”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Kim
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, 34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Seo
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- 3Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Montero-Oleas N, Núñez-González S, Simancas-Racines D. The remarkable geographical pattern of gastric cancer mortality in Ecuador. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 51:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
74
|
Wang Y, Su H, Gu Y, Song X, Zhao J. Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4065-4079. [PMID: 28860815 PMCID: PMC5565385 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromium (Cr[V]), tetravalent chromium (Cr[IV]) or Cr(III) via cellular reductants. These intermediates may directly or indirectly result in DNA damage or DNA–protein cross-links. Although Cr(III) complexes cannot pass easily through cell membranes, they have the ability to accumulate around cells to induce cell-surface morphological alteration and result in cell-membrane lipid injuries via disruption of cellular functions and integrity, and finally to cause DNA damage. In recent years, more research, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, has been conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity/carcinogenicity induced by Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) compounds. At the same time, various therapeutic agents, especially antioxidants, have been explored through in vitro and in vivo studies for preventing chromium-induced genotoxicity/carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide a brief update on the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and chemoprevention with different antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kart A, Koc E, Dalginli KY, Gulmez C, Sertcelik M, Atakisi O. The Therapeutic Role of Glutathione in Oxidative Stress and Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Hexavalent Chromium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:387-391. [PMID: 27165098 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) causes various toxic and carcinogenic effects. The main carcinogenic effect is observed in the pulmonary system through inhalation route. Reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (V, IV, and III) reactive intermediates within the cells by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione is an important event leading to oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. This study evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of Cr (VI) and GSH on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index, and oxidative DNA damage by evaluating the level of 8-hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in Swiss-Albino mice. Seventy two mice were divided into 6 groups and treated intraperitoneally as follow: control (saline), group GSH (30 mg/kg GSH) groups of Cr-20 (20 mg/kg, K2Cr2O7), Cr-30 (30 mg/kg K2Cr2O7), Cr-20 + GSH (20 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 + 30 mg/kg GSH), Cr-30 + GSH (30 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 + 30 mg/kg GSH). Total oxidant capacities of Cr-20 and Cr-30 were increased compared to control, Cr-20 + GSH, and Cr-30 + GSH. TOS levels in Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH were lower than in Cr-20 and Cr-30. No difference in TAC was observed among the groups. 8-Hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in groups Cr-20 and Cr-30 compared with control and groups Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. No difference was determined in 8-OHdG levels among control, groups GSH, Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. Results indicate that Cr (VI) given i.p. route causes increased oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in the blood of Swiss-Albino mice. Administration of GSH via i.p. route protects from oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Kart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Evren Koc
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Kezban Yildiz Dalginli
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Canan Gulmez
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sertcelik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Onur Atakisi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Hu G, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zheng P, Wang L, Zhao L, Xu H, Chen Z, Wang T, Jia G. Gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis in 16HBE cells treated by chromium (VI). Toxicol Lett 2016; 264:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
77
|
Advances in Understanding How Heavy Metal Pollution Triggers Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7825432. [PMID: 27803929 PMCID: PMC5075591 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7825432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the development of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metals contamination has become a major environmental problem. Numerous investigations have revealed an association between heavy metal exposure and the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. The mechanisms of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) contamination leading to gastric cancer are concluded in this review. There are four main potential mechanisms: (1) Heavy metals disrupt the gastric mucosal barrier by decreasing mucosal thickness, mucus content, and basal acid output, thereby affecting the function of E-cadherin and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. (2) Heavy metals directly or indirectly induce ROS generation and cause gastric mucosal and DNA lesions, which subsequently alter gene regulation, signal transduction, and cell growth, ultimately leading to carcinogenesis. Exposure to heavy metals also enhances gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. (3) Heavy metals inhibit DNA damage repair or cause inefficient lesion repair. (4) Heavy metals may induce other gene abnormalities. In addition, heavy metals can induce the expression of proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and microRNAs, which promotes tumorigenesis. The present review is an effort to underline the human health problem caused by heavy metal with recent development in order to garner a broader perspective.
Collapse
|
78
|
Tomioka K, Saeki K, Obayashi K, Kurumatani N. Risk of Lung Cancer in Workers Exposed to Benzidine and/or Beta-Naphthylamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:447-58. [PMID: 26947956 PMCID: PMC5008964 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzidine (BZ) and beta-naphthylamine (BNA) have been classified as definite human carcinogens for bladder cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to BZ and/or BNA and lung cancer has been inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk for lung cancer among workers exposed to BZ/BNA. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that had reported occupational BZ/BNA exposure and the outcome of interest (lung cancer death and/or incidence). Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models to combine standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) or standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). We identified 23 retrospective cohort studies including 1745 cases of lung cancer; only one study reported smoking-adjusted lung cancer risk. A significantly increased lung cancer risk (pooled SMR/SIR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.43) was observed by combining all studies, with significant heterogeneity among studies (I(2) = 64.1%, P < 0.001). Effect estimates were higher for studies with direct BZ/BNA exposure (ie, dyestuff and manufacturing industries) (pooled SMR/SIR 1.58; 95% CI, 1.31-1.89), and studies that identified BZ/BNA-associated bladder cancer with SMR/SIR ≥4.7 (pooled SMR/SIR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.35-2.09). Effect estimates were similar for studies with and without concomitant occupational exposure to chromium, asbestos, arsenic, or bis(chloromethyl) ether. The cumulative meta-analysis showed that the evidence of association between occupational BZ/BNA exposure and lung cancer has been stable since 1995. Although the results of this meta-analysis have the potential for confounding by smoking and heterogeneity, our findings suggest that a finding of lung cancer following occupational BZ/BNA exposure should be considered to be a potential occupational disease.
Collapse
|
79
|
De Flora S, Camoirano A, Micale RT, La Maestra S, Savarino V, Zentilin P, Marabotto E, Suh M, Proctor DM. Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. I. Chemical reduction and mitigation of mutagenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 306:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
80
|
Núñez O, Fernández-Navarro P, Martín-Méndez I, Bel-Lan A, Locutura JF, López-Abente G. Arsenic and chromium topsoil levels and cancer mortality in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17664-75. [PMID: 27239676 PMCID: PMC5010621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal cancer mortality studies in Spain have revealed patterns for some tumours which display a distribution that is similar across the sexes and persists over time. Such characteristics would be common to tumours that shared risk factors, including the chemical soil composition. The objective of the present study is to assess the association between levels of chromium and arsenic in soil and the cancer mortality. This is an ecological cancer mortality study at municipal level, covering 861,440 cancer deaths in 7917 Spanish mainland towns from 1999 to 2008. Chromium and arsenic topsoil levels (partial extraction) were determined by ICP-MS at 13,317 sampling points. To estimate the effect of these concentrations on mortality, we fitted Besag, York and Mollié models, which included, as explanatory variables, each town's chromium and arsenic soil levels, estimated by kriging. In addition, we also fitted geostatistical-spatial models including sample locations and town centroids (non-aligned data), using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). All results were adjusted for socio-demographic variables and proximity to industrial emissions. The results showed a statistical association in men and women alike, between arsenic soil levels and mortality due to cancers of the stomach, pancreas, lung and brain and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Among men, an association was observed with cancers of the prostate, buccal cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectal and kidney. Chromium topsoil levels were associated with mortality among women alone, in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, breast and NHL. Our results suggest that chronic exposure arising from low levels of arsenic and chromium in topsoil could be a potential risk factor for developing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Núñez
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Martín-Méndez
- Área de Geoquímica y de Recursos Minerales, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bel-Lan
- Área de Geoquímica y de Recursos Minerales, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Locutura
- Área de Geoquímica y de Recursos Minerales, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Proctor DM, Suh M, Mittal L, Hirsch S, Valdes Salgado R, Bartlett C, Van Landingham C, Rohr A, Crump K. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of hexavalent chromium based on updated mortality for Painesville chromate production workers. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:224-31. [PMID: 26669850 PMCID: PMC4756268 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exposure-response for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-induced lung cancer among workers of the Painesville Ohio chromate production facility has been used internationally for quantitative risk assessment of environmental and occupational exposures to airborne Cr(VI). We updated the mortality of 714 Painesville workers (including 198 short-term workers) through December 2011, reconstructed exposures, and conducted exposure-response modeling using Poisson and Cox regressions to provide quantitative lung cancer risk estimates. The average length of follow-up was 34.4 years with 24,535 person-years at risk. Lung cancer was significantly increased for the cohort (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=186; 95% confidence interval (CI) 145-228), for those hired before 1959, those with >30-year tenure, and those with cumulative exposure >1.41 mg/m(3)-years or highest monthly exposures >0.26 mg/m(3). Of the models assessed, the linear Cox model with unlagged cumulative exposure provided the best fit and was preferred. Smoking and age at hire were also significant predictors of lung cancer mortality. Adjusting for these variables, the occupational unit risk was 0.00166 (95% CI 0.000713-0.00349), and the environmental unit risk was 0.00832 (95% CI 0.00359-0.0174), which are 20% and 15% lower, respectively, than values developed in a previous study of this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annette Rohr
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chebeir M, Liu H. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cr(VI) Formation via the Oxidation of Cr(III) Solid Phases by Chlorine in Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:701-710. [PMID: 26647114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), typically existing as the oxyanion form of CrO4(2-), is being considered for more stringent drinking water standards by regulatory agencies. Cr(VI) can be inadvertently produced via the oxidation of trivalent chromium Cr(III) solids. This study investigated the kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(III) solids oxidation by chlorine in drinking water and associated Cr(VI) formation. Batch experiments were carried out with three Cr(III) solids of environmental relevance, i.e., chromium hydroxide Cr(OH)3(s), chromium oxide Cr2O3(s), and copper chromite Cu2Cr2O5(s). Impacts of water chemical parameters including pH (6.0-8.5) and bromide concentration (0-5 mg/L) were examined. Results showed that the rapid oxidation of Cr(III) solid phases by chlorine was accompanied by Cr(VI) formation and an unexpected production of dissolved oxygen. Analysis of reaction stoichiometry indicated the existence of Cr intermediate species that promoted the autocatalytic decay of chlorine. An increase in pH modestly enhanced Cr(VI) formation due to changes of reactive Cr(III) surface hydroxo species. Bromide, a trace chemical constituent in source waters, exhibited a catalytic effect on Cr(VI) formation due to an electron shuttle mechanism between Cr(III) and chlorine and the bypass of Cr intermediate formation. The kinetics data obtained from this study suggest that the oxidation of Cr(III) solids by chlorine in water distribution systems can contribute to Cr(VI) occurrence in tap water, especially in the presence of a trace level of bromide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chebeir
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521 United States
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Mishra S, Bharagava RN. Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:1-32. [PMID: 26398402 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1096883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is one of the major inorganic environmental pollutants, which is added in the environment through various natural and anthropogenic activities and exists mainly in two forms: Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is considered to be more toxic than Cr(III) due to its high solubility and mobility. It is a well-reported occupational carcinogen associated with lung, nasal, and sinus cancers. Thus, this review article provides the detailed information on the occurrence, sources of chromium contamination in the environment and their toxicological effects in human, animal, plants as well as in microorganisms, and bioremediation strategies to minimize the toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- a Department of Environmental Microbiology , Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) , Lucknow , India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- a Department of Environmental Microbiology , Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Du JX, Shi L, Peng BY. Real-time monitoring of the penetration of amphiphilic acrylate copolymer in leather using a fluorescent copolymer as tracer. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:1146-53. [PMID: 26531883 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent tracer, poly (acrylic-co-stearyl acrylate-co-3-acryloyl fluorescein) [poly (AA-co-SA-co-Ac-Flu)], used for real-time monitoring the penetration of amphiphilic acrylate copolymer, poly (acrylic-co-stearyl acrylate) [poly (AA-co-SA)], in leather was synthesized by radical polymerization of acrylic, stearyl acrylate and fluorescent monomer, 3-acryloyl fluorescein (Ac-Flu). The structure, molecular weight, introduced fluorescent group content and fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent tracer and target copolymer, amphiphilic acrylate copolymer, were also characterized. The results show that the tracer presents the similar structural characteristics to the target and enough fluorescence intensity with 1.68 wt % of the fluorescent monomer introduced amount. The vertical section of the leather treated with the target copolymer mixing with 7% of the tracer exhibits evident fluorescence, and the change of fluorescence intensity along with the vertical section with treating time increasing can reflect the penetration depth of the target copolymer. The introduction of the fluorescent group in polymer structure through copolymerization with a limited amount of fluorescent monomer, Ac-Flu, is an effective way to make a tracer to monitor the penetration of the target in leather, which provides a new thought for the penetration research of syntans such as vinyl copolymer materials in leather manufacture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Du
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|