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Microfluidic models of physiological or pathological flow shear stress for cell biology, disease modeling and drug development. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang Y, Liu S, Geng J. Microfluidic-Based Platform for the Evaluation of Nanomaterial-Mediated Drug Delivery: From High-Throughput Screening to Dynamic Monitoring. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2953-2968. [PMID: 31362686 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190730100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery holds tremendous promise for improving targeting capacity, biodistribution, and performance of therapeutic/diagnostic agents. Accelerating the clinical translation of current nanomedicine requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying the dynamic interaction between nanomaterials and cells in a physiological/pathophysiological-relevant condition. The introduction of the advanced microfluidic platform with miniaturized, well-controlled, and high-throughput features opens new investigation and application opportunities for nanomedicine evaluation. This review highlights the current state-of-theart in the field of 1) microfluidic-assisted in vitro assays that are capable of providing physiological-relevant flow conditions and performing high-throughput drug screening, 2) advanced organ-on-a-chip technology with the combination of microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques for mimicking microenvironment and better predicting in vivo response of nanomedicine, and 3) the integration of microdevice with various detection techniques that can monitor cell-nanoparticle interaction with high spatiotemporal resolution. Future perspectives regarding optimized on-chip disease modeling and personalized nanomedicine screening are discussed towards further expanding the utilization of the microfluidic-based platform in assessing the biological behavior of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfa Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Competing Fluid Forces Control Endothelial Sprouting in a 3-D Microfluidic Vessel Bifurcation Model. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10070451. [PMID: 31277456 PMCID: PMC6680389 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis-the infiltration and extension of endothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels-helps orchestrate vascular growth and remodeling. It is now agreed that fluid forces, such as laminar shear stress due to unidirectional flow in straight vessel segments, are important regulators of angiogenesis. However, regulation of angiogenesis by the different flow dynamics that arise due to vessel branching, such as impinging flow stagnation at the base of a bifurcating vessel, are not well understood. Here we used a recently developed 3-D microfluidic model to investigate the role of the flow conditions that occur due to vessel bifurcations on endothelial sprouting. We observed that bifurcating fluid flow located at the vessel bifurcation point suppresses the formation of angiogenic sprouts. Similarly, laminar shear stress at a magnitude of ~3 dyn/cm2 applied in the branched vessels downstream of the bifurcation point, inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts. In contrast, co-application of ~1 µm/s average transvascular flow across the endothelial monolayer with laminar shear stress induced the formation of angiogenic sprouts. These results suggest that transvascular flow imparts a competing effect against bifurcating fluid flow and laminar shear stress in regulating endothelial sprouting. To our knowledge, these findings are the first report on the stabilizing role of bifurcating fluid flow on endothelial sprouting. These results also demonstrate the importance of local flow dynamics due to branched vessel geometry in determining the location of sprouting angiogenesis.
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Abstract
The ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long-sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so-called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1155-1212, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
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55
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Fenech M, Girod V, Claveria V, Meance S, Abkarian M, Charlot B. Microfluidic blood vasculature replicas using backside lithography. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2096-2106. [PMID: 31086935 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels in living tissues are an organized and hierarchical network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veinules and veins. Their sizes, lengths, shapes and connectivity are set up for an optimum perfusion of the tissues in which they deploy. In order to study the hemodynamics and hemophysics of blood flows and also to investigate artificial vasculature for organs on a chip, it is essential to reproduce most of these geometric features. Common microfluidic techniques produce channels with a uniform height and a rectangular cross section that do not capture the size hierarchy observed in vivo. This paper presents a new single-mask photolithography process using an optical diffuser to produce a backside exposure leading to microchannels with both a rounded cross section and a direct proportionality between local height and local width, allowing a one-step design of intrinsically hierarchical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fenech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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56
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Ragelle H, Goncalves A, Kustermann S, Antonetti DA, Jayagopal A. Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies for Advanced Blood-Retinal Barrier Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:30-41. [PMID: 31140899 PMCID: PMC6985766 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) protects the retina by maintaining an adequate microenvironment for neuronal function. Alterations of the junctional complex of the BRB and consequent BRB breakdown in disease contribute to a loss of neuronal signaling and vision loss. As new therapeutics are being developed to prevent or restore barrier function, it is critical to implement physiologically relevant in vitro models that recapitulate the important features of barrier biology to improve disease modeling, target validation, and toxicity assessment. New directions in organ-on-a-chip technology are enabling more sophisticated 3-dimensional models with flow, multicellularity, and control over microenvironmental properties. By capturing additional biological complexity, organs-on-chip can help approach actual tissue organization and function and offer additional tools to model and study disease compared with traditional 2-dimensional cell culture. This review describes the current state of barrier biology and barrier function in ocular diseases, describes recent advances in organ-on-a-chip design for modeling the BRB, and discusses the potential of such models for ophthalmic drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Ragelle
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreia Goncalves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A. Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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57
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Polacheck WJ, Kutys ML, Tefft JB, Chen CS. Microfabricated blood vessels for modeling the vascular transport barrier. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1425-1454. [PMID: 30953042 PMCID: PMC7046311 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels and actively regulates vascular permeability in response to chemical and physical stimuli. Understanding the molecular pathways and mechanisms that regulate the permeability of blood vessels is of critical importance for developing therapies for cardiovascular dysfunction and disease. Recently, we developed a novel microfluidic human engineered microvessel (hEMV) platform to enable controlled blood flow through a human endothelial lumen within a physiologic 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) into which pericytes and other stromal cells can be introduced to recapitulate tissue-specific microvascular physiology. This protocol describes how to design and fabricate the silicon hEMV device master molds (takes ~1 week) and elastomeric substrates (takes 3 d); how to seed, culture, and apply calibrated fluid shear stress to hEMVs (takes 1-7 d); and how to assess vascular barrier function (takes 1 d) and perform immunofluorescence imaging (takes 3 d).
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Polacheck
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew L Kutys
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliann B Tefft
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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58
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Morss Clyne A, Swaminathan S, Díaz Lantada A. Biofabrication strategies for creating microvascular complexity. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032001. [PMID: 30743247 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of effective biomimetic vasculatures constitutes a relevant and yet unsolved challenge, lying at the heart of tissue repair and regeneration strategies. Even if cell growth is achieved in 3D tissue scaffolds or advanced implants, tissue viability inevitably requires vascularization, as diffusion can only transport nutrients and eliminate debris within a few hundred microns. This engineered vasculature may need to mimic the intricate branching geometry of native microvasculature, referred to herein as vascular complexity, to efficiently deliver blood and recreate critical interactions between the vascular and perivascular cells as well as parenchymal tissues. This review first describes the importance of vascular complexity in labs- and organs-on-chips, the biomechanical and biochemical signals needed to create and maintain a complex vasculature, and the limitations of current 2D, 2.5D, and 3D culture systems in recreating vascular complexity. We then critically review available strategies for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures in cell culture platforms, labs- and organs-on-chips, and tissue engineering scaffolds, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, challenges and future directions are outlined with the hope of inspiring researchers to create the reliable, efficient and sustainable tools needed for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Morss Clyne
- Vascular Kinetics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Witzel II, Nasser R, Garcia-Sabaté A, Sapudom J, Ma C, Chen W, Teo JCM. Deconstructing Immune Microenvironments of Lymphoid Tissues for Reverse Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801126. [PMID: 30516005 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment presents a diverse panel of cues that impacts immune cell migration, organization, differentiation, and the immune response. Uniquely, both the liquid and solid phases of every specific immune niche within the body play an important role in defining cellular functions in immunity at that particular location. The in vivo immune microenvironment consists of biomechanical and biochemical signals including their gradients, surface topography, dimensionality, modes of ligand presentation, and cell-cell interactions, and the ability to recreate these immune biointerfaces in vitro can provide valuable insights into the immune system. This manuscript reviews the critical roles played by different immune cells and surveys the current progress of model systems for reverse engineering of immune microenvironments with a focus on lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ini-Isabée Witzel
- Core Technology Platforms; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Rasha Nasser
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Anna Garcia-Sabaté
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Jeremy C. M. Teo
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
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60
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Guo J, Keller KA, Govyadinov P, Ruchhoeft P, Slater JH, Mayerich D. Accurate flow in augmented networks (AFAN): an approach to generating three-dimensional biomimetic microfluidic networks with controlled flow. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:8-16. [PMID: 31490456 PMCID: PMC6336169 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay01798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, microvasculature provides oxygen, nutrients, and soluble factors necessary for cell survival and function. The highly tortuous, densely-packed, and interconnected three-dimensional (3D) architecture of microvasculature ensures that cells receive these crucial components. The ability to duplicate microvascular architecture in tissue-engineered models could provide a means to generate large-volume constructs as well as advanced microphysiological systems. Similarly, the ability to induce realistic flow in engineered microvasculature is crucial to recapitulating in vivo-like flow and transport. Advanced biofabrication techniques are capable of generating 3D, biomimetic microfluidic networks in hydrogels, however, these models can exhibit systemic aberrations in flow due to incorrect boundary conditions. To overcome this problem, we developed an automated method for generating synthetic augmented channels that induce the desired flow properties within three-dimensional microfluidic networks. These augmented inlets and outlets enforce the appropriate boundary conditions for achieving specified flow properties and create a three-dimensional output useful for image-guided fabrication techniques to create biomimetic microvascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Houston , USA .
| | - Keely A Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , USA
| | - Pavel Govyadinov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Houston , USA .
| | - Paul Ruchhoeft
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Houston , USA .
| | - John H Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , USA
| | - David Mayerich
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Houston , USA .
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61
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Sasmal P, Datta P, Wu Y, Ozbolat IT. 3D bioprinting for modelling vasculature. MICROPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2018; 2:9. [PMID: 30931432 PMCID: PMC6436836 DOI: 10.21037/mps.2018.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Though in vivo models provide the most physiologically-relevant environment for studying tissue development and function, an in vitro substitute is being offered by the advancement of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, which is a reproducible and scalable fabrication strategy providing precise 3D control compared to conventional microfluidic tissue fabrication methods. In this review, vasculature models printed using extrusion-, droplet-, and laser-based bioprinting techniques are summarized and compared. Besides bioprinting of hydrogels as bioinks, an alternative method to obtain vascular models by bioprinting is to use exogenous biomaterial-free cell aggregates such as tissue spheroids and cell pellet, which has also been discussed here. In addition, there have been efforts to fabricate micro-vasculature constructs (e.g., capillaries) to overcome the practical limitations of bioprinting of large scale vascular networks. At the end of the review, limitations and prospective of bioprinting in vasculature modelling has also been expounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranabesh Sasmal
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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62
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Bertulli C, Gerigk M, Piano N, Liu Y, Zhang D, Müller T, Knowles TJ, Huang YYS. Image-Assisted Microvessel-on-a-Chip Platform for Studying Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12480. [PMID: 30127372 PMCID: PMC6102203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the push to reduce in vivo approaches, the demand for microphysiological models that recapitulate the in vivo settings in vitro is dramatically increasing. Here, we present an extracellular matrix-integrated microfluidic chip with a rounded microvessel of ~100 µm in diameter. Our system displays favorable characteristics for broad user adaptation: simplified procedure for vessel creation, minimised use of reagents and cells, and the ability to couple live-cell imaging and image analysis to study dynamics of cell-microenvironment interactions in 3D. Using this platform, the dynamic process of single breast cancer cells (LM2-4175) exiting the vessel lumen into the surrounding extracellular matrix was tracked. Here, we show that the presence of endothelial lining significantly reduced the cancer exit events over the 15-hour imaging period: there were either no cancer cells exiting, or the fraction of spontaneous exits was positively correlated with the number of cancer cells in proximity to the endothelial barrier. The capability to map the z-position of individual cancer cells within a 3D vessel lumen enabled us to observe cancer cell transmigration 'hot spot' dynamically. We also suggest the variations in the microvessel qualities may lead to the two distinct types of cancer transmigration behaviour. Our findings provide a tractable in vitro model applicable to other areas of microvascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Nicholas Piano
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Fluidic Analytics Ltd., Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Tuomas J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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63
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Design of spherically structured 3D in vitro tumor models -Advances and prospects. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:11-34. [PMID: 29803007 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional multicellular tumor models are receiving an ever-growing focus as preclinical drug-screening platforms due to their potential to recapitulate major physiological features of human tumors in vitro. In line with this momentum, the technologies for assembly of 3D microtumors are rapidly evolving towards a comprehensive inclusion of tumor microenvironment elements. Customized spherically structured platforms, including microparticles and microcapsules, provide a robust and scalable technology to imprint unique biomolecular tumor microenvironment hallmarks into 3D in vitro models. Herein, a comprehensive overview of novel advances on the integration of tumor-ECM components and biomechanical cues into 3D in vitro models assembled in spherical shaped platforms is provided. Future improvements regarding spatiotemporal/mechanical adaptability, and degradability, during microtumors in vitro 3D culture are also critically discussed considering the realistic potential of these platforms to mimic the dynamic tumor microenvironment. From a global perspective, the production of 3D multicellular spheroids with tumor ECM components included in spherical models will unlock their potential to be used in high-throughput screening of therapeutic compounds. It is envisioned, in a near future, that a combination of spherically structured 3D microtumor models with other advanced microfluidic technologies will properly recapitulate the flow dynamics of human tumors in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The ability to correctly mimic the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in vitro is a key aspect for the development of evermore realistic in vitro models for drug-screening and fundamental cancer biology studies. In this regard, conventional spheroid-based 3D tumor models, combined with spherically structured biomaterials, opens the opportunity to precisely recapitulate complex cell-extracellular matrix interactions and tumor compartmentalization. This review provides an in-depth focus on current developments regarding spherically structured scaffolds engineered into in vitro 3D tumor models, and discusses future advances toward all-encompassing platforms that may provide an improved in vitro/in vivo correlation in a foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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65
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Thompson TJ, Han B. Analysis of adhesion kinetics of cancer cells on inflamed endothelium using a microfluidic platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042215. [PMID: 29937953 PMCID: PMC5993669 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the ultimate cause of death among the vast majority of cancer patients. This process is comprised of multiple steps, including the migration of circulating cancer cells across microvasculature. This trans-endothelial migration involves the adhesion and eventual penetration of cancer cells to the vasculature of the target organ. Many of these mechanisms remain poorly understood due to poor control of pathophysiological conditions in tumor models. In this work, a microfluidic device was developed to support the culture and observation of engineered microvasculature with systematic control of the environmental characteristics. This device was then used to study the adhesion of circulating cancer cells to an endothelium under varying conditions to delineate the effects of hemodynamics and inflammations. The resulting understanding will help to establish a quantitative and biophysical mechanism of interactions between cancer cells and endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Thompson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1-765-494-5626, Fax: +1-765-496-7535
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66
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Shen Y. Microfluidics for Cancer Nanomedicine: From Fabrication to Evaluation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800360. [PMID: 29806174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled drug delivery systems (sDDSs), made from nanocarriers and drugs, are one of the major types of nanomedicines, many of which are in clinical use, under preclinical investigation, or in clinical trials. One of the hurdles of this type of nanomedicine in real applications is the inherent complexity of their fabrication processes, which generally lack precise control over the sDDS structures and the batch-to-batch reproducibility. Furthermore, the classic 2D in vitro cell model, monolayer cell culture, has been used to evaluate sDDSs. However, 2D cell culture cannot adequately replicate in vivo tissue-level structures and their highly complex dynamic 3D environments, nor can it simulate their functions. Thus, evaluations using 2D cell culture often cannot correctly correlate with sDDS behaviors and effects in humans. Microfluidic technology offers novel solutions to overcome these problems and facilitates studying the structure-performance relationships for sDDS developments. In this Review, recent advances in microfluidics for 1) fabrication of sDDSs with well-defined physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, rigidity, and drug-loading efficiency, and 2) fabrication of 3D-cell cultures as "tissue/organ-on-a-chip" platforms for evaluations of sDDS biological performance are in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Shi J, Wu B, Li S, Song J, Song B, Lu WF. Shear stress analysis and its effects on cell viability and cell proliferation in drop-on-demand bioprinting. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aac946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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68
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Behzadi S, Vatan NM, Lema K, Nwaobasi D, Zenkov I, Abadi PPSS, Khan DA, Corbo C, Aghaverdi H, Farokhzad OC, Mahmoudi M. Flat Cell Culturing Surface May Cause Misinterpretation of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahed Behzadi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Naazanene M. Vatan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Kevin Lema
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dike Nwaobasi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ilia Zenkov
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Parisa P. S. S. Abadi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Daid Ahmad Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Claudia Corbo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
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Humayun M, Chow CW, Young EWK. Microfluidic lung airway-on-a-chip with arrayable suspended gels for studying epithelial and smooth muscle cell interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1298-1309. [PMID: 29651473 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) are regulated by complex interactions between many different cell types residing in lung airway tissues. Specifically, interactions between airway epithelial cells (ECs) and airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been shown in part to play major roles in the pathogenesis of CLDs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To advance our understanding of lung pathophysiology and accelerate drug development processes, new innovative in vitro tissue models are needed that can reconstitute the complex in vivo microenvironment of human lung tissues. Organ-on-a-chip technologies have recently made significant strides in recapitulating physiological properties of in vivo lung tissue microenvironments. However, novel advancements are still needed to enable the study of airway SMC-EC communication with matrix interactions, and to provide higher throughput capabilities and manufacturability. We have developed a thermoplastic-based microfluidic lung airway-on-a-chip model that mimics the lung airway tissue microenvironment, and in particular, the interactions between SMCs, ECs, and supporting extracellular matrix (ECM). The microdevice is fabricated from acrylic using micromilling and solvent bonding techniques, and consists of three vertically stacked microfluidic compartments with a bottom media reservoir for SMC culture, a middle thin hydrogel layer, and an upper microchamber for achieving air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of the epithelium. A unique aspect of the design lies in the suspended hydrogel with upper and lower interfaces for EC and SMC culture, respectively. A mixture of type I collagen and Matrigel was found to promote EC adhesion and monolayer formation, and SMC adhesion and alignment. Optimal culturing protocols were established that enabled EC-SMC coculture for more than 31 days. Epithelial monolayers displayed common morphological markers including ZO-1 tight junctions and F-actin cell cortices, while SMCs exhibited enhanced cell alignment and expression of α-SMA. The thermoplastic device construction facilitates mass manufacturing, allows EC-SMC coculture systems to be arrayed for increased throughput, and can be disassembled to allow extraction of the suspended gel for downstream analyses. This airway-on-a-chip device has potential to significantly advance our understanding of SMC-EC-matrix interactions, and their roles in the development of CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Bento D, Rodrigues RO, Faustino V, Pinho D, Fernandes CS, Pereira AI, Garcia V, Miranda JM, Lima R. Deformation of Red Blood Cells, Air Bubbles, and Droplets in Microfluidic Devices: Flow Visualizations and Measurements. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E151. [PMID: 30424085 PMCID: PMC6187860 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Techniques, such as micropipette aspiration and optical tweezers, are widely used to measure cell mechanical properties, but are generally labor-intensive and time-consuming, typically involving a difficult process of manipulation. In the past two decades, a large number of microfluidic devices have been developed due to the advantages they offer over other techniques, including transparency for direct optical access, lower cost, reduced space and labor, precise control, and easy manipulation of a small volume of blood samples. This review presents recent advances in the development of microfluidic devices to evaluate the mechanical response of individual red blood cells (RBCs) and microbubbles flowing in constriction microchannels. Visualizations and measurements of the deformation of RBCs flowing through hyperbolic, smooth, and sudden-contraction microchannels were evaluated and compared. In particular, we show the potential of using hyperbolic-shaped microchannels to precisely control and assess small changes in RBC deformability in both physiological and pathological situations. Moreover, deformations of air microbubbles and droplets flowing through a microfluidic constriction were also compared with RBCs deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bento
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
- LCM-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Faustino
- MEMS-UMinho Research Unit, Universidade do Minho, DEI, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pinho
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Digitalização e Robótica Inteligente (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Carla S Fernandes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Pereira
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Digitalização e Robótica Inteligente (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Algoritmi R&D Centre, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Valdemar Garcia
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, ESTiG/IPB, C. Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - João M Miranda
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Lima
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal.
- MEtRiCS, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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71
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Akbari E, Spychalski GB, Rangharajan KK, Prakash S, Song JW. Flow dynamics control endothelial permeability in a microfluidic vessel bifurcation model. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1084-1093. [PMID: 29488533 PMCID: PMC7337251 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier function is known to be regulated by a number of molecular mechanisms; however, the role of biomechanical signals associated with blood flow is comparatively less explored. Biomimetic microfluidic models comprised of vessel analogues that are lined with endothelial cells (ECs) have been developed to help answer several fundamental questions in endothelial mechanobiology. However, previously described microfluidic models have been primarily restricted to single straight or two parallel vessel analogues, which do not model the bifurcating vessel networks typically present in physiology. Therefore, the effects of hemodynamic stresses that arise due to bifurcating vessel geometries on ECs are not well understood. Here, we introduce and characterize a microfluidic model that mimics both the flow conditions and the endothelial/extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of bifurcating blood vessels to systematically monitor changes in endothelial permeability mediated by the local flow dynamics at specific locations along the bifurcating vessel structure. We show that bifurcated fluid flow (BFF) that arises only at the base of a vessel bifurcation and is characterized by stagnation pressure of ∼38 dyn cm-2 and approximately zero shear stress induces significant decrease in EC permeability compared to the static control condition in a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent manner. Similarly, intravascular laminar shear stress (LSS) (3 dyn cm-2) oriented tangential to ECs located downstream of the vessel bifurcation also causes a significant decrease in permeability compared to the static control condition via the NO pathway. In contrast, co-application of transvascular flow (TVF) (∼1 μm s-1) with BFF and LSS rescues vessel permeability to the level of the static control condition, which suggests that TVF has a competing role against the stabilization effects of BFF and LSS. These findings introduce BFF at the base of vessel bifurcations as an important regulator of vessel permeability and suggest a mechanism by which local flow dynamics control vascular function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Akbari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Scott Laboratory, 201 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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72
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Cox MC, Kuliasha AS, Li L, Verbridge SS. 3D Microtissue Models to Analyze the Effects of Ultralow Dose LPS on Vascular Sprouting Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:357-367. [PMID: 33418730 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in innate immune responses and has been shown to impact vascular dynamics when present at high concentrations. However, the impact of ultralow levels of LPS (<100 pg/mL), present in the body during states of chronic inflammation, on vascular dynamics is unclear. In this study, we have integrated a 3D collagen hydrogel tissue mimic with advanced imaging and cell characterization assays to assess the potential impact of chronic inflammation on vascular dynamics, and uncover any alterations in the vascular response to low vs high dose LPS in the context of tumor progression. Accounting for both frequency of sprouting and invasiveness of the sprouts, the treatments of ultralow dose LPS with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic promoter and present in excess in the tumor microenvironment, produced enhanced vascular development of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) in our in vitro model. There was no evidence of altered proliferation or apoptosis among the various VEGF treatment groups, indicating an enhanced migratory endothelial cell phenotype results from exposure to ultralow dose LPS with VEGF. The lack of enhanced vascular development upon treatments of high doses of LPS in the presence of VEGF could be partially attributed to an LPS dose-dependent increase in the activation of NF-κB. This study provides insight into the dynamic regulation of vascular development by varying levels of LPS and the potential role of chronic inflammation to prime a pro-angiogenic microenvironment and contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Cox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, ‡Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrea S Kuliasha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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73
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Du X, Li W, Du G, Cho H, Yu M, Fang Q, Lee LP, Fang J. Droplet Array-Based 3D Coculture System for High-Throughput Tumor Angiogenesis Assay. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3253-3261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wanming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Guansheng Du
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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74
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Li Y, Lu Y, Chen Q, Kang Y, Yu L. Probing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells anchoring on TNF-alpha challenged-vascular endothelia in an in vitro model of the retinal microvascular. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 19:54. [PMID: 28612282 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes; it stems from damage to the microvasculature of the retina and eventually compromises vision. The diagnosis of retinopathy is difficult to make because there are no early symptoms or warning signs. Dysfunction of the retina's microvascular networks is believed to be associated with inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To investigate the effect of these cytokines, such as TNF-α, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/glass hydride microfluidic device reflecting the physiological structure of the retina's microvasculature was developed. In this model, the bifurcations and tortuosity of branch vessels were based on photographs of the fundus and an endothelial cell layer (EA.hy926 cells) were reconstructed within the microfluidic network. The adhesion, spreading, and growth of cells was ensured by optimizing the conditions for cell seeding and perfusion. Fluorescent staining was used to visualize the cytoskeleton and measurement of the nitric oxide (NO) level proved that the endothelial EA.hy926 cells had spread in the direction of flow perfusion system, forming artificial vascular networks. The endothelial layer was further challenged by TNF-α perfusion. Cytokine treatment increased the anchoring of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the endothelial layer. The microfluidic device developed in this study provides a low-cost platform reflecting the physiological structures of the retina's microvasculature. It is anticipated that this device will be useful in evaluating the diseased retina as well as in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 40216, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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75
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Chuang CH, Kikuchi K, Ueno H, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Collective spreading of red blood cells flowing in a microchannel. J Biomech 2018; 69:64-69. [PMID: 29397999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to recent advances in micro total analysis system technologies, microfluidics provides increased opportunities to manipulate, stimulate, and diagnose blood cells. Controlling the concentration of cells at a given position across the width of a channel is an important aspect in the design of microfluidic devices. Despite its biomedical importance, the collective spreading of red blood cells (RBCs) in a microchannel has not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we experimentally investigated the collective spreading of RBCs in a straight microchannel, and found that RBCs initially distributed in one side of the microchannel spread to the spanwise direction during downstream flow. Spreading increased considerably as the hematocrit increased, though the flow rate had a small effect. We proposed a scaling argument to show that this spreading phenomenon was diffusive and mainly induced by cell-cell interactions. The dispersion coefficient was approximately proportional to the flow rate and the hematocrit. These results are useful in understanding collective behaviors of RBCs in a microchannel and in microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsi Chuang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Dept. Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironori Ueno
- Dept. Molecular Function and Life Science, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Japan
| | | | - Takami Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Dept. Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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76
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A physical approach to model occlusions in the retinal microvasculature. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:189-194. [PMID: 29328067 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood occlusions in the retinal microvasculature contribute to the pathology of many disease states within the eye. These events can cause haemorrhaging and retinal detachment, leading to a loss of vision in the affected patient. Here, we present a physical approach to characterising the collective cell dynamics leading to plug formation, through the use of a bespoke microfluidic device, and through the derivation of a probabilistic model. Our microfluidic device is based on a filtration design that can tune the particle volume fraction of a flowing suspension within a conduit, with sizes similar to arterioles. This allows us to control and reproduce an occlusive event. The formation of the occlusion can be examined through the extracted motion of particles within the channel, which enables the assessment of individual and collective particle dynamics in the time leading to the clogging event. In particular, we observe that at the onset of the occlusion, particles form an arch bridging the channel walls. The data presented here inform the development of our mathematical model, which captures the essential factors promoting occlusions, and notably highlights the central role of adhesion in these processes. Both the physical and probabilistic models rely on significant approximations, and future investigation will seek to assess these approximations, including the deformability and complex flow profiles of the blood constituents. However, we anticipate that the general mechanisms of occlusion may be elucidated from these simple models. As microvascular flows in the eye can now be measured in vivo and non-invasively with single cell resolution, our model will also be compared to the pathophysiological characteristics of the human microcirculation.
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77
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Ahadian S, Civitarese R, Bannerman D, Mohammadi MH, Lu R, Wang E, Davenport-Huyer L, Lai B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Mandla S, Korolj A, Radisic M. Organ-On-A-Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29034591 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Civitarese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Rick Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Erika Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Ben Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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78
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van Duinen V, van den Heuvel A, Trietsch SJ, Lanz HL, van Gils JM, van Zonneveld AJ, Vulto P, Hankemeier T. 96 perfusable blood vessels to study vascular permeability in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18071. [PMID: 29273771 PMCID: PMC5741747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current in vitro models to test the barrier function of vasculature are based on flat, two-dimensional monolayers. These monolayers do not have the tubular morphology of vasculature found in vivo and lack important environmental cues from the cellular microenvironment, such as interaction with an extracellular matrix (ECM) and exposure to flow. To increase the physiological relevance of in vitro models of the vasculature, it is crucial to implement these cues and better mimic the native three-dimensional vascular architecture. We established a robust, high-throughput method to culture endothelial cells as 96 three-dimensional and perfusable microvessels and developed a quantitative, real-time permeability assay to assess their barrier function. Culture conditions were optimized for microvessel formation in 7 days and were viable for over 60 days. The microvessels exhibited a permeability to 20 kDa dextran but not to 150 kDa dextran, which mimics the functionality of vasculature in vivo. Also, a dose-dependent effect of VEGF, TNFα and several cytokines confirmed a physiologically relevant response. The throughput and robustness of this method and assay will allow end-users in vascular biology to make the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional culture methods to study vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van Duinen
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - H L Lanz
- Mimetas BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J M van Gils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A J van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Vulto
- Mimetas BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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79
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Kiew SF, Ho YT, Kiew LV, Kah JCY, Lee HB, Imae T, Chung LY. Preparation and characterization of an amylase-triggered dextrin-linked graphene oxide anticancer drug nanocarrier and its vascular permeability. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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80
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Rayner SG, Zheng Y. Engineered Microvessels for the Study of Human Disease. J Biomech Eng 2017; 138:2545529. [PMID: 27537085 DOI: 10.1115/1.4034428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is an extensive, heterogeneous, and complex system that plays a critical role in human physiology and disease. It nourishes almost all living human cells and maintains a local microenvironment that is vital for tissue and organ function. Operating under a state of continuous flow, with an intricate architecture despite its small caliber, and subject to a multitude of biophysical and biochemical stimuli, the microvasculature can be a complex subject to study in the laboratory setting. Engineered microvessels provide an ideal platform that recapitulates essential elements of in vivo physiology and allows study of the microvasculature in a precise and reproducible way. Here, we review relevant structural and functional vascular biology, discuss different methods to engineer microvessels, and explore the applications of this exciting tool for the study of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Rayner
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195 e-mail:
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105;Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 e-mail:
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81
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Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Mano JF. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Relevance in Multicellular Bioengineered 3D In Vitro Tumor Models. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís P. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP); Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology; Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS); University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP); Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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82
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A Biomimetic Microfluidic Tumor Microenvironment Platform Mimicking the EPR Effect for Rapid Screening of Drug Delivery Systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9359. [PMID: 28839211 PMCID: PMC5571192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of tumor drug delivery in vivo is a daunting challenge due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a biomimetic microfluidic tumor microenvironment (bMTM) comprising co-culture of tumor and endothelial cells in a 3D environment. The platform consists of a vascular compartment featuring a network of vessels cultured with endothelial cells forming a complete lumen under shear flow in communication with 3D solid tumors cultured in a tumor compartment. Endothelial cell permeability to both small dye molecules and large liposomal drug carriers were quantified using fluorescence microscopy. Endothelial cell intercellular junction formation was characterized by immunostaining. Endothelial cell permeability significantly increased in the presence of either tumor cell conditioned media (TCM) or tumor cells. The magnitude of this increase in permeability was significantly higher in the presence of metastatic breast tumor cells as compared to non-metastatic ones. Immunostaining revealed impaired endothelial cell-cell junctions in the presence of either metastatic TCM or metastatic tumor cells. Our findings indicate that the bMTM platform mimics the tumor microenvironment including the EPR effect. This platform has a significant potential in applications such as cell-cell/cell-drug carrier interaction studies and rapid screening of cancer drug therapeutics/carriers.
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83
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Akbari E, Spychalski GB, Song JW. Microfluidic approaches to the study of angiogenesis and the microcirculation. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Akbari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | | | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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84
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Schoeman RM, Lehmann M, Neeves KB. Flow chamber and microfluidic approaches for measuring thrombus formation in genetic bleeding disorders. Platelets 2017; 28:463-471. [PMID: 28532218 PMCID: PMC6131111 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1306042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and aggregation, coagulation, fibrin formation, and fibrinolysis are regulated by the forces and flows imposed by blood at the site of a vascular injury. Flow chambers designed to observe these events are an indispensable part of doing hemostasis and thrombosis research, especially with human blood. Microfluidic methods have provided the flexibility to design flow chambers with complex geometries and features that more closely mimic the anatomy and physiology of blood vessels. Additionally, microfluidic systems with integrated optics and/or pressure sensors and on-board signal processing could transform what have been primarily research tools into clinical assays. Here, we describe a historical review of how flow-based approaches have informed biophysical mechanisms in genetic bleeding disorders, challenges and potential solutions for developing models of bleeding in vitro, and outstanding issues that need to be addressed prior to their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier M. Schoeman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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85
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Abstract
In vivo, cells of the vascular system are subjected to various mechanical stimuli and have demonstrated the ability to adapt their behavior via mechanotransduction. Recent advances in microfluidic and "on-chip" techniques have provided the technology to study these alterations in cell behavior. Contrary to traditional in vitro assays such as transwell plates and parallel plate flow chambers, these microfluidic devices (MFDs) provide the opportunity to integrate multiple mechanical cues (e.g. shear stress, confinement, substrate stiffness, vessel geometry and topography) with in situ quantification capabilities. As such, MFDs can be used to recapitulate the in vivo mechanical setting and systematically vary microenvironmental conditions for improved mechanobiological studies of the endothelium. Additionally, adequate modelling provides for enhanced understanding of disease progression, design of cell separation and drug delivery systems, and the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Here, we will discuss the advances in knowledge about endothelial cell mechanosensing resulting from the design and application of biomimetic on-chip and microfluidic platforms.
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86
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Liu Y, Gill E, Shery Huang YY. Microfluidic on-chip biomimicry for 3D cell culture: a fit-for-purpose investigation from the end user standpoint. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO173. [PMID: 28670465 PMCID: PMC5481809 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of 3D and microfluidics-based culture models have been demonstrated in the recent years with the ultimate aim to facilitate predictive in vitro models for pharmaceutical development. This article summarizes to date the progress in the microfluidics-based tissue culture models, including organ-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip. Specific focus is placed on addressing the question of what kinds of 3D culture and system complexities are deemed desirable by the biological and biomedical community. This question is addressed through analysis of a research survey to evaluate the potential use of microfluidic cell culture models among the end users. Our results showed a willingness to adopt 3D culture technology among biomedical researchers, although a significant gap still exists between the desired systems and existing 3D culture options. With these results, key challenges and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Elisabeth Gill
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
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87
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Microvasculature on a chip: study of the Endothelial Surface Layer and the flow structure of Red Blood Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45036. [PMID: 28338083 PMCID: PMC5364477 DOI: 10.1038/srep45036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvasculatures-on-a-chip, i.e. in vitro models that mimic important features of microvessel networks, have gained increasing interest in recent years. Such devices have allowed investigating pathophysiological situations involving abnormal biophysical interactions between blood cells and vessel walls. Still, a central question remains regarding the presence, in such biomimetic systems, of the endothelial glycocalyx. The latter is a glycosaminoglycans-rich surface layer exposed to blood flow, which plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between circulating cells and the endothelium. Here, we use confocal microscopy to characterize the layer expressed by endothelial cells cultured in microfluidic channels. We show that, under our culture conditions, endothelial cells form a confluent layer on all the walls of the circuit and display a glycocalyx that fully lines the lumen of the microchannels. Moreover, the thickness of this surface layer is found to be on the order of 600 nm, which compares well with measurements performed ex or in vivo on microcapillaries. Furthermore, we investigate how the presence of endothelial cells in the microchannels affects their hydrodynamic resistance and the near-wall motion of red blood cells. Our study thus provides an important insight into the physiological relevance of in vitro microvasculatures.
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88
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Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) tissue model has significant advantages over the conventional two-dimensional (2D) model. A 3D model mimics the relevant in-vivo physiological conditions, allowing a cell culture to serve as an effective tool for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and the investigation of disease pathology. The present reviews highlight the recent advances and the development of microfluidics based methods for the generation of cell spheroids. The paper emphasizes on the application of microfluidic technology for tissue engineering including the formation of multicellular spheroids (MCS). Further, the paper discusses the recent technical advances in the integration of microfluidic devices for MCS-based high-throughput drug screening. The review compares the various microfluidic techniques and finally provides a perspective for the future opportunities in this research area.
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89
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Choi D, Park E, Jung E, Seong YJ, Yoo J, Lee E, Hong M, Lee S, Ishida H, Burford J, Peti-Peterdi J, Adams RH, Srikanth S, Gwack Y, Chen CS, Vogel HJ, Koh CJ, Wong AK, Hong YK. Laminar flow downregulates Notch activity to promote lymphatic sprouting. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1225-1240. [PMID: 28263185 DOI: 10.1172/jci87442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major function of the lymphatic system is to drain interstitial fluid from tissue. Functional drainage causes increased fluid flow that triggers lymphatic expansion, which is conceptually similar to hypoxia-triggered angiogenesis. Here, we have identified a mechanotransduction pathway that translates laminar flow-induced shear stress to activation of lymphatic sprouting. While low-rate laminar flow commonly induces the classic shear stress responses in blood endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), only LECs display reduced Notch activity and increased sprouting capacity. In response to flow, the plasma membrane calcium channel ORAI1 mediates calcium influx in LECs and activates calmodulin to facilitate a physical interaction between Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), the major regulator of shear responses, and PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic development. The PROX1/KLF2 complex upregulates the expression of DTX1 and DTX3L. DTX1 and DTX3L, functioning as a heterodimeric Notch E3 ligase, concertedly downregulate NOTCH1 activity and enhance lymphatic sprouting. Notably, overexpression of the calcium reporter GCaMP3 unexpectedly inhibited lymphatic sprouting, presumably by disturbing calcium signaling. Endothelial-specific knockouts of Orai1 and Klf2 also markedly impaired lymphatic sprouting. Moreover, Dtx3l loss of function led to defective lymphatic sprouting, while Dtx3l gain of function rescued impaired sprouting in Orai1 KO embryos. Together, the data reveal a molecular mechanism underlying laminar flow-induced lymphatic sprouting.
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90
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Tung YT, Chang CC, Ju JC, Wang GJ. Fabrication of a reticular poly(lactide-co-glycolide) cylindrical scaffold for the in vitro development of microvascular networks. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:163-171. [PMID: 28458740 PMCID: PMC5402744 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1278351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular network is a simple but critical system that is responsible for a range of important biological mechanisms in the bodies of all animals. The ability to generate a functional microvessel not only makes it possible to engineer vital tissue of considerable size but also serves as a platform for biomedical studies. However, most of the current methods for generating microvessel networks in vitro use rectangular channels which cannot represent real vessels in vivo and have dead zones at their corners, hence hindering the circulation of culture medium. We propose a scaffold-wrapping method which enables fabrication of a customized microvascular network in vitro in a more biomimetic way. By integrating microelectromechanical techniques with thermal reflow, we designed and fabricated a microscale hemi-cylindrical photoresist template. A replica mold of polydimethylsiloxane, produced by casting, was then used to generate cylindrical scaffolds with biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded on both sides of the PLGA scaffold and cultured using a traditional approach. The expression of endothelial cell marker CD31 and intercellular junction vascular endothelial cadherin on the cultured cell demonstrated the potential of generating a microvascular network with a degradable cylindrical scaffold. Our method allows cells to be cultured on a scaffold using a conventional culture approach and monitors cell conditions continuously. We hope our cell-covered scaffold can serve as a framework for building large tissues or can be used as the core of a vascular chip for in vitro circulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Tung
- Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Core laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gou-Jen Wang
- Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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91
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Liu WC, Chen S, Zheng L, Qin L. Angiogenesis Assays for the Evaluation of Angiogenic Properties of Orthopaedic Biomaterials - A General Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28135051 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is an essential process in bone formation, remodeling and regeneration during both bone development and fracture repair. Vascularization remains a big challenge directly leading to the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of different angiogenesis assays and bone defect models are described in details for investigating revascularization of materials of interest. Unlike conventional angiogenesis study with growth factors or pharmaceutical molecules performed in two-dimension, special considerations are taken into account whether these assays can be translated for testing three-dimensional implantable devices. Over the years, accurate and quantifiable in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays have been extensively demonstrated to be useful in examining how new blood vessels grow. These methods can contribute to the fundamental understanding of angiogenic properties of the materials, but a bone defect model is still pivotal in order to understand the cascade actions of angiogenesis along with bone formation. Finally, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are both complex processes interacting with each other, the choice of which assay to be performed should adequately address the clinical relevance and reflect the sequence of responses of revascularization of the test materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ching Liu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Shihui Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
- Pathology Center; Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai PR China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
- Translational Medicine R&D Center; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen PR China
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92
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Nashimoto Y, Hayashi T, Kunita I, Nakamasu A, Torisawa YS, Nakayama M, Takigawa-Imamura H, Kotera H, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Integrating perfusable vascular networks with a three-dimensional tissue in a microfluidic device. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:506-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Creating vascular networks in tissues is crucial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Itsuki Kunita
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8556
- Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamasu
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Yu-suke Torisawa
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8556
- Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
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93
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Zhang YS, Yu C. Towards engineering integrated cardiac organoids: beating recorded. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1683-E1687. [PMID: 28149613 PMCID: PMC5227195 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.12.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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94
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Roberts SA, DiVito KA, Ligler FS, Adams AA, Daniele MA. Microvessel manifold for perfusion and media exchange in three-dimensional cell cultures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054109. [PMID: 27703595 PMCID: PMC5035297 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a perfusable microvasculature system in vitro is a substantial challenge for "on-chip" tissue models. We have developed an inclusive on-chip platform that is capable of maintaining laminar flow through porous biosynthetic microvessels. The biomimetic microfluidic device is able to deliver and generate a steady perfusion of media containing small-molecule nutrients, drugs, and gases in three-dimensional cell cultures, while replicating flow-induced mechanical stimuli. Here, we characterize the diffusion of small molecules from the perfusate, across the microvessel wall, and into the matrix of a 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Roberts
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Kyle A DiVito
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - André A Adams
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
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95
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Yang L, Shridhar SV, Gerwitz M, Soman P. An
in vitro
vascular chip using 3D printing-enabled hydrogel casting. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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96
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Chen Z, Wang Q, Asmani M, Li Y, Liu C, Li C, Lippmann JM, Wu Y, Zhao R. Lung Microtissue Array to Screen the Fibrogenic Potential of Carbon Nanotubes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31304. [PMID: 27510174 PMCID: PMC4980669 DOI: 10.1038/srep31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their excellent physical and chemical characteristics, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have the potential to be used in structural composites, conductive materials, sensors, drug delivery and medical imaging. However, because of their small-size and light-weight, the applications of MWCNT also raise health concerns. In vivo animal studies have shown that MWCNT cause biomechanical and genetic alterations in the lung tissue which lead to lung fibrosis. To screen the fibrogenic risk factor of specific types of MWCNT, we developed a human lung microtissue array device that allows real-time and in-situ readout of the biomechanical properties of the engineered lung microtissue upon MWCNT insult. We showed that the higher the MWCNT concentration, the more severe cytotoxicity was observed. More importantly, short type MWCNT at low concentration of 50 ng/ml stimulated microtissue formation and contraction force generation, and caused substantial increase in the fibrogenic marker miR-21 expression, indicating the high fibrogenic potential of this specific carbon nanotube type and concentration. The presented microtissue array system provides a powerful tool for high-throughput examination of the therapeutic and toxicological effects of target compounds in realistic tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Mohammadnabi Asmani
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Yan Li
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Changning Li
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.,State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Julian M Lippmann
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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97
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Monticelli M, Conca DV, Albisetti E, Torti A, Sharma PP, Kidiyoor G, Barozzi S, Parazzoli D, Ciarletta P, Lupi M, Petti D, Bertacco R. Magnetic domain wall tweezers: a new tool for mechanobiology studies on individual target cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2882-2890. [PMID: 27364187 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00368k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tests are of fundamental importance for investigating cell mechanisms in response to mechanical stimuli or the impact of the genotype on cell mechanical properties. In particular, the application of controlled forces to activate specific bio-pathways and investigate their effects, mimicking the role of the cellular environment, is becoming a prominent approach in the emerging field of mechanobiology. Here, we present an on-chip device based on magnetic domain wall manipulators, which allows the application of finely controlled and localized forces on target living cells. In particular, we demonstrate the application of a magnetic force in the order of hundreds of pN on the membrane of HeLa cells cultured on-chip, via manipulation of 1 μm superparamagnetic beads. Such a mechanical stimulus produces a sizable local indentation of the cellular membrane of about 2 μm. Upon evaluation of the beads' position within the magnetic field originated by the domain wall, the force applied during the experiments is accurately quantified via micromagnetic simulations. The obtained value is in good agreement with that calculated by the application of an elastic model to the cellular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monticelli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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98
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Nowak MR, Lozovskiy A, Dobroskok D. Knife-edge scanning microscopy for in silico study of cerebral blood flow: From biological imaging data to flow simulations. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:5957-5960. [PMID: 28269609 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knife-edge scanning microscopy provides the capability to image whole-brain cerebral microvasculature of small organisms, such as mice, at sub-micron resolution, providing a feasible foundation for the reconstruction of circulatory pathways from the systemic to cellular scale. In this paper, we illustrate the feasibility of using this data to model cerebral blood flow using numerical simulations. Starting with a small vascular element in microcirculation of interest, we present its segmentation from the imaging-data volume, construction of its triangular surface mesh, assembly of its tetrahedral volumetric mesh from the surface, and then conclude with Stokes flow simulation of plasma through the microvascular vessel.
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99
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Frueh FS, Menger MD, Lindenblatt N, Giovanoli P, Laschke MW. Current and emerging vascularization strategies in skin tissue engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:613-625. [PMID: 27439727 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1209157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is a key process in skin tissue engineering, determining the biological function of artificial skin implants. Hence, efficient vascularization strategies are a major prerequisite for the safe application of these implants in clinical practice. Current approaches include (i) modification of structural and physicochemical properties of dermal scaffolds, (ii) biological scaffold activation with growth factor-releasing systems or gene vectors, and (iii) generation of prevascularized skin substitutes by seeding scaffolds with vessel-forming cells. These conventional approaches may be further supplemented by emerging strategies, such as transplantation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, miRNA modulation, cell sheet engineering, and fabrication of photosynthetic scaffolds. The successful translation of these vascularization strategies from bench to bedside may pave the way for a broad clinical implementation of skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian S Frueh
- a Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg (Saar) , Germany.,b Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michael D Menger
- a Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg (Saar) , Germany
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- b Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- b Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- a Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg (Saar) , Germany
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100
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Bersini S, Yazdi IK, Talò G, Shin SR, Moretti M, Khademhosseini A. Cell-microenvironment interactions and architectures in microvascular systems. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1113-1130. [PMID: 27417066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the design and optimization of novel biomaterials and microfabrication techniques to generate vascularized tissues. Novel microfluidic systems have facilitated the development and optimization of in vitro models for exploring the complex pathophysiological phenomena that occur inside a microvascular environment. To date, most of these models have focused on engineering of increasingly complex systems, rather than analyzing the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive microvascular network morphogenesis and remodeling. In fact, mutual interactions among endothelial cells (ECs), supporting mural cells and organ-specific cells, as well as between ECs and the extracellular matrix, are key driving forces for vascularization. This review focuses on the integration of materials science, microengineering and vascular biology for the development of in vitro microvascular systems. Various approaches currently being applied to study cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, as well as biochemical/biophysical cues promoting vascularization and their impact on microvascular network formation, will be identified and discussed. Finally, this review will explore in vitro applications of microvascular systems, in vivo integration of transplanted vascularized tissues, and the important challenges for vascularization and controlling the microcirculatory system within the engineered tissues, especially for microfabrication approaches. It is likely that existing models and more complex models will further our understanding of the key elements of vascular network growth, stabilization and remodeling to translate basic research principles into functional, vascularized tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications, drug screening and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bersini
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland; Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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