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Basso L, Rizzo L, Marzano M, Intranuovo M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S, Stabili L. Jellyfish summer outbreaks as bacterial vectors and potential hazards for marine animals and humans health? The case of Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:305-318. [PMID: 31349170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish represent an important component of marine food webs characterized by large fluctuations of population density, with the ability to abruptly form outbreaks, followed by rarity periods. In spite of considerable efforts to investigate how jellyfish populations are responding globally to anthropogenic change, available evidence still remains unclear. In the last 50 years, jellyfish are seemingly on the rise in a number of coastal areas, including the Mediterranean Sea, where jellyfish blooms periodically become an issue to marine and maritime human activities. Their impacts on marine organism welfare have been poorly quantified. The jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, is an outbreak-forming scyphomedusa whose large populations spread across the Mediterranean, with increasing periodicity and variable abundance. Studies on cnidarian jellyfish suggested being important vectors of bacterial pathogens. In the present study, by combination of conventional culture-based methods and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) approach, we characterized the diversity of the bacterial community associated with this jellyfish during their summer outbreak. Three distinct jellyfish compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion obtained from whole specimens were screened for specifically associated microbiota. A total of 17 phyla, 30 classes, 73 orders, 146 families and 329 genera of microbial organisms were represented in R. pulmo samples with three major clades (i.e. Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma and Wolinella) representing over 90% of the retrieved total sequences. The taxonomic microbial inventory was then combined with metabolic profiling data obtained from the Biolog Eco-Plate system. Significant differences among the jellyfish compartments were detected in terms of bacterial abundance, diversity and metabolic utilization of 31 different carbon sources with the highest value of abundance and metabolic potential in the mucus secretion compared to the umbrella and oral arms. Results are discussed in the framework of the species ecology as well as the potential health hazard for marine organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy.
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Taranto, Italy.
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Bose APH, Zimmermann H, Sefc KM. Freshwater hydrozoan blooms alter activity and behaviour of territorial cichlids in Lake Tanganyika. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191053. [PMID: 31827845 PMCID: PMC6894582 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of gelatinous zooplankton can represent dramatic environmental perturbations for aquatic ecosystems. Yet, we still know little about how blooms impact fitness-related behaviours of fish caught within their areas of effect, especially for freshwater systems. Here, we documented the behavioural impacts of freshwater hydrozoan (Limnocnida tanganjicae) blooms on a territorial cichlid (Variabilichromis moorii), as well as on the wider community of cichlids in a shallow-water rocky habitat of Lake Tanganyika. Compared with non-bloom conditions, V. moorii individuals in the midst of blooms reduced their swimming and territory defence activities (each by approx. 50%) but not their foraging or affiliative behaviours. Despite this reduction in activity, V. moorii could not entirely avoid being stung and preferred to remain closer to the rocky substrata as opposed to the more open demersal zone. Many other fishes similarly hid among the benthic substrata, changing the composition of the fish community in the demersal zone during bloom conditions. Reductions in activity could have multiple fitness-related implications for individual fish. Establishing the consequences of these behavioural changes is important for understanding the effects of gelatinous zooplankton blooms in freshwater systems.
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53
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Chi X, Mueller-Navarra DC, Hylander S, Sommer U, Javidpour J. Food quality matters: Interplay among food quality, food quantity and temperature affecting life history traits of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) polyps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1280-1288. [PMID: 30625657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between organisms' life history traits and environmental factors is an essential task in ecology. In spite of the increasing appreciation of jellyfish as an important component in marine ecosystem, there are still considerable gaps in understanding how the phase transition from the benthic polyp to the pelagic medusa stage is influenced by multiple environmental factors, including nutrition. To investigate survival, growth, and phase transition of Aurelia aurita polyps, we designed a factorial experiment manipulating food quantity (20μg C, 5μg C and 1.5μg C polyp-1 every other day), food quality (Artemia salina and two dietary manipulated Acartia tonsa), and temperature (13°C, 20°C, and 27°C). Temperature was the key factor determining phase transition of polyps and negatively affecting their survival rate and growth at 27°C, which reflected a summer heatwave scenario. Furthermore, at polyps' optimum tolerance temperature (20°C) in our study, budding reproduction benefits from high food concentrations. Interestingly, polyps fed with food containing high level highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) were able to compensate for physiological stress caused by the extreme temperature, and could enhance budding reproduction at optimum temperature. Moreover, benthic-pelagic coupling (strobilation) was determined by temperature but affected significantly by food conditions. Mild temperature together with optimum food conditions contributes to inducing more polyps, which may potentially bring about great ephyrae recruitments during overwintering. In contrast, heatwave events can potentially regulate plankton community structure accompanied by changes of nutritional conditions of primary and secondary producers and thus, negatively affect the population dynamics of polyps. We suggest a novel polyp tolerance curve, which can help to understand jellyfish population dynamics in different seasons and ecosystems. This sets up a baseline for understanding how anticipated global warming and food conditions may affect the population size of benthic polyps and consequently pelagic medusae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Chi
- Experimental Ecology (Food Webs), GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems- EEMiS, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Experimental Ecology (Food Webs), GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jamileh Javidpour
- Experimental Ecology (Food Webs), GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Opdal AF, Brodeur RD, Cieciel K, Daskalov GM, Mihneva V, Ruzicka JJ, Verheye HM, Aksnes DL. Unclear associations between small pelagic fish and jellyfish in several major marine ecosystems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2997. [PMID: 30816236 PMCID: PMC6395749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 20 years, a series of studies has suggested trends of increasing jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) biomass in several major ecosystems worldwide. Some of these systems have been heavily fished, causing a decline among their historically dominant small pelagic fish stocks, or have experienced environmental shifts favouring jellyfish proliferation. Apparent reduction in fish abundance alongside increasing jellyfish abundance has led to hypotheses suggesting that jellyfish in these areas could be replacing small planktivorous fish through resource competition and/or through predation on early life stages of fish. In this study, we test these hypotheses using extended and published data of jellyfish, small pelagic fish and crustacean zooplankton biomass from four major ecosystems within the period of 1960 to 2014: the Southeastern Bering Sea, the Black Sea, the Northern California Current and the Northern Benguela. Except for a negative association between jellyfish and crustacean zooplankton in the Black Sea, we found no evidence of jellyfish biomass being related to the biomass of small pelagic fish nor to a common crustacean zooplankton resource. Calculations of the energy requirements of small pelagic fish and jellyfish stocks in the most recent years suggest that fish predation on crustacean zooplankton is 2-30 times higher than jellyfish predation, depending on ecosystem. However, compared with available historical data in the Southeastern Bering Sea and the Black Sea, it is evident that jellyfish have increased their share of the common resource, and that jellyfish can account for up to 30% of the combined fish-jellyfish energy consumption. We conclude that the best available time-series data do not suggest that jellyfish are outcompeting, or have replaced, small pelagic fish on a regional scale in any of the four investigated ecosystems. However, further clarification of the role of jellyfish requires higher-resolution spatial, temporal and taxonomic sampling of the pelagic community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard D Brodeur
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Kristin Cieciel
- Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA
| | | | | | - James J Ruzicka
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Hans M Verheye
- Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town, South Africa
- Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dag L Aksnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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55
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Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007943. [PMID: 30735490 PMCID: PMC6368286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are changing rapidly as the oceans warm and become more acidic. The physical factors and the changes to ocean chemistry that they drive can all be measured with great precision. Changes in the biological composition of communities in different ocean regions are far more challenging to measure because most biological monitoring methods focus on a limited taxonomic or size range. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has the potential to solve this problem in biological oceanography, as it is capable of identifying a huge phylogenetic range of organisms to species level. Here we develop and apply a novel multi-gene molecular toolkit to eDNA isolated from bulk plankton samples collected over a five-year period from a single site. This temporal scale and level of detail is unprecedented in eDNA studies. We identified consistent seasonal assemblages of zooplankton species, which demonstrates the ability of our toolkit to audit community composition. We were also able to detect clear departures from the regular seasonal patterns that occurred during an extreme marine heatwave. The integration of eDNA analyses with existing biotic and abiotic surveys delivers a powerful new long-term approach to monitoring the health of our world's oceans in the context of a rapidly changing climate.
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56
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Dong Z, Morandini AC, Schiariti A, Wang L, Sun T. First record of Phyllorhiza sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in a Chinese coastal aquaculture pond. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6191. [PMID: 30643699 PMCID: PMC6330029 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that aquaculture ponds on the Chinese coast could act as breeding grounds for scyphozoans. Here, we present the first record of the scyphomedusa Phyllorhiza sp. in an aquaculture pond on the coast of the southern Yellow Sea, based on a combination of morphological characteristics and mitochondrial 16S DNA sequence data. Methods A field survey was performed on June 29, 2017 in a pond used for culturing the shrimp Penaeus japonicus, located in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Jellyfish specimens were collected for morphological and genetic analysis. The morphological characters of the jellyfish specimens were compared to taxonomic literature. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S fragments of these specimens were also conducted. Results These specimens had the following morphological characters: hemispherical umbrella without scapulets; J-shaped oral arms; a single larger terminal club on each arm; bluish colored with a slightly expanded white tip; and mouthlets present only in the lower half to one-third of each arm. These morphological features of the medusae indicated that the specimens found in the shrimp culture ponds belong to the genus Phyllorhiza Agassiz, 1862, but did not match with the description of any of the known species of the genus Phyllorhiza. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 16S regions revealed that these specimens, together with Phyllorhiza sp. from Malaysian coastal waters, belong to a sister group of Phyllorhiza punctata. Juveniles and ephyrae of Phyllorhiza sp. were observed in the aquaculture pond. The mean density of Phyllorhiza sp. medusa in the surface water within the pond was estimated to be 0.05 individuals/m2. Discussion Based on our observations of the gross morphology and molecular data, we state that the specimens collected in the aquaculture pond can be identified as Phyllorhiza sp. This is the first record of Phyllorhiza sp. in Chinese seas. Large scale dispersal through ballast water or the expansion of jellyfish aquarium exhibitions are possible pathways of invasion, but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - André C Morandini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustin Schiariti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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57
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Kos Kramar M, Tinta T, Lučić D, Malej A, Turk V. Bacteria associated with moon jellyfish during bloom and post-bloom periods in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0198056. [PMID: 30645606 PMCID: PMC6333360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish are a prominent component of the plankton community. They frequently form conspicuous blooms which may interfere with different human enterprises. Among the aspects that remain understudied are jellyfish associations with microorganisms having potentially important implications for organic matter cycling. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the bacterial community associated with live moon jellyfish (Aurelia solida, Scyohozoa) in the Adriatic Sea. Using 16S rRNA clone libraries and culture-based methods, we have analyzed the bacterial community composition of different body parts: the exumbrella surface, oral arms, and gastric cavity, and investigated possible differences in medusa-associated bacterial community structure at the time of the jellyfish population peak, and during the senescent phase at the end of bloom. Microbiota associated with moon jellyfish was different from ambient seawater bacterial assemblage and varied between different body parts. Betaproteobacteria (Burkholderia, Cupriavidus and Achromobacter) dominated community in the gastral cavity of medusa, while Alphaproteobacteria (Phaeobacter, Ruegeria) and Gammaproteobacteria (Stenotrophomonas, Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio) prevailed on ‘outer’ body parts. Bacterial community structure changed during senescent phase, at the end of the jellyfish bloom, showing an increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, exclusively Vibrio. The results of cultured bacterial isolates showed the dominance of Gammaproeteobacteria, especially Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas in all body parts. Our results suggest that jellyfish associated bacterial community might have an important role for the host, and that anthropogenic pollution in the Gulf of Trieste might affect their community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kos Kramar
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Tinta
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davor Lučić
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Alenka Malej
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Turk
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Walters TL, Lamboley LM, López‐Figueroa NB, Rodríguez‐Santiago ÁE, Gibson DM, Frischer ME. Diet and trophic interactions of a circumglobally significant gelatinous marine zooplankter,
Dolioletta gegenbauri
(Uljanin, 1884). Mol Ecol 2018; 28:176-189. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L. Walters
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia Savannah Georgia
- Savannah State University Savannah Georgia
| | - Lauren M. Lamboley
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia Savannah Georgia
- Savannah State University Savannah Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Marc E. Frischer
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia Savannah Georgia
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Needleman RK, Neylan IP, Erickson TB. Environmental and Ecological Effects of Climate Change on Venomous Marine and Amphibious Species in the Wilderness. Wilderness Environ Med 2018; 29:343-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ahn EY, Hwang SJ, Choi MJ, Cho S, Lee HJ, Park Y. Upcycling of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) sea wastes as highly valuable reducing agents for green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1127-1136. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1480490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- u-Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Choi
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Cho
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- u-Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Kogovšek T, Vodopivec M, Raicich F, Uye SI, Malej A. Comparative analysis of the ecosystems in the northern Adriatic Sea and the Inland Sea of Japan: Can anthropogenic pressures disclose jellyfish outbreaks? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:982-994. [PMID: 29898563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A prominent increase in the moon jellyfish (genus Aurelia) populations has been observed since 1980 in two semi-enclosed temperate seas: the northern Adriatic Sea and the Inland Sea of Japan. Therefore, we reviewed long-term environmental and biotic data from the two Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, along with the increase in the moon jellyfish occurrence to elucidate how these coastal seas shifted to the jellyfish-dominated ecosystems. The principal component analysis of atmospheric data revealed a simultaneous occurrence of similar climatic changes in the early 1980s; thereafter, air temperature increased steadily and precipitation decreased but became more extreme. Accordingly, the average seawater temperature from March to October, a period of polyps' asexual reproduction i.e. budding, increased, potentially leading to an increase in the reproductive rates of local polyp populations. Conspicuous eutrophication occurred due to the rise of anthropogenic activities in both areas from the 1960s onwards. This coincided with an increase of the stock size of forage fishes, such as anchovy and sardine, but not the population size of the jellyfish. However, by the end of the 1980s, when the eutrophication lessened due to the regulations of nutrients loads from the land, the productive fishing grounds of both systems turned into a state that may be described as 'jellyfish-permeated,' as manifested by a drastic decrease in fish landings and a prominent increase in the intensity and frequency of medusa blooms. A steady increase in artificial marine structures that provide substrate for newly settled polyps might further contribute to the enhancement of jellyfish population size. Elevated fishing pressure and/or predation by jellyfish on ichthyoplankton and zooplankton might jeopardize the recruitment of anchovy, so that the anchovy catch has never recovered fully. These semi-enclosed seas may represent many temperate coastal waters with increased anthropogenic stressors, which have degraded the ecosystem from fish-dominated to jellyfish-dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Kogovšek
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Slovenia.
| | | | - Fabio Raicich
- CNR - Institute for Marine Sciences, AREA Science Park Trieste, Italy
| | - Shin-Ichi Uye
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Alenka Malej
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Slovenia
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Dong Z, Sun T, Wang L. The biogenic reefs formed by the alien polychaete Hydroides dianthus (Serpulidae, Annelida) favor the polyp stage of Aurelia coerulea (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in a coastal artificial lake. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:86-91. [PMID: 29680572 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea frequently occur in coastal waters. The increased availability of substrates for the settlement and proliferation of polyps due to the expansion of artificial structures in coastal areas has been proposed as a possible contributing factor in jellyfish blooms. This paper investigates whether a marine artificial lake (Fenghuang Lake) provides additional substrates for A. coerulea polyps and contributes to jellyfish blooms. High densities of A. coerulea ephyrae were discovered in this lake, with a mean density of 41 individuals/m3 and a maximum measured density of 128 individuals/m3. Meanwhile, A. coerulea ephyrae were also found in the two emptying channels outside the lake, with a mean density of 13 individuals/m3. Underwater surveys revealed that dense colonies of A. coerulea polyps occurred mainly on biogenic reefs formed by a polychaete, which was identified as an invasive serpulid species Hydroides dianthus, based on the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Our study highlights the potential modification of habitats by the alien polychaete H. dianthus, which might provide complex benthic habits suitable for the settlement and proliferation of A. coerulea polyps and may contribute to jellyfish blooms in the marine artificial lake and nearby coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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63
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Mariani P. Jellyfish Identification Software for Underwater Laser Cameras (JTRACK). RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.4.e24716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish can form erratic blooms in response to seasonal and irregular changes in environmental conditions with often large, transient effects on local ecosystem structure as well as effects on several sectors of the marine and maritime economy. Early warning systems able to detect conditions for jelly fish proliferation can enable management responses to mitigate such effects providing benefit to local ecosystems and economies. We propose here the creation of a research team in response to the EU call for proposal under the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund called “Blue Labs: innovative solutions for maritime challenges”. The project will establish a BLUELAB team with a strong cross-sectorial component that will benefit of the expertise of researchers in IT and Marine Biology, Computer Vision and embedded systems, which will work in collaboration with Industry and Policy maker to develop an early warning system using a new underwater imaging system based on Time of Flight Laser cameras. The camera will be combined to machine learning algorithm allowing autonomous early detection of jellyfish species (e.g. polyp, ephyra and planula stages). The team will develop the system and the companion software and will demonstrate its applications in real case conditions.
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Abstract
Medusae (aka jellyfish) have multiphasic life cycles and a propensity to adapt to, and proliferate in, a plethora of aquatic habitats, connecting them to a number of ecological and societal issues. Now, in the midst of the genomics era, affordable next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms coupled with publically available bioinformatics tools present the much-anticipated opportunity to explore medusa taxa as potential model systems. Genome-wide studies of medusae would provide a remarkable opportunity to address long-standing questions related to the biology, physiology, and nervous system of some of the earliest pelagic animals. Furthermore, medusae have become key targets in the exploration of marine natural products, in the development of marine biomarkers, and for their application to the biomedical and robotics fields. Presented here is a synopsis of the current state of medusa research, highlighting insights provided by multi-omics studies, as well as existing knowledge gaps, calling upon the scientific community to adopt a number of medusa taxa as model systems in forthcoming research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lewis Ames
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, NW, Washington, DC, USA.
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65
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Hawkins SJ, Evans AJ, Mieszkowska N, Adams LC, Bray S, Burrows MT, Firth LB, Genner MJ, Leung KMY, Moore PJ, Pack K, Schuster H, Sims DW, Whittington M, Southward EC. Distinguishing globally-driven changes from regional- and local-scale impacts: The case for long-term and broad-scale studies of recovery from pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:573-586. [PMID: 28314615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are subject to anthropogenic change at global, regional and local scales. Global drivers interact with regional- and local-scale impacts of both a chronic and acute nature. Natural fluctuations and those driven by climate change need to be understood to diagnose local- and regional-scale impacts, and to inform assessments of recovery. Three case studies are used to illustrate the need for long-term studies: (i) separation of the influence of fishing pressure from climate change on bottom fish in the English Channel; (ii) recovery of rocky shore assemblages from the Torrey Canyon oil spill in the southwest of England; (iii) interaction of climate change and chronic Tributyltin pollution affecting recovery of rocky shore populations following the Torrey Canyon oil spill. We emphasize that "baselines" or "reference states" are better viewed as envelopes that are dependent on the time window of observation. Recommendations are made for adaptive management in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hawkins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - A J Evans
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - N Mieszkowska
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - L C Adams
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - S Bray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; AHTI Ltd. Unit 16, Highcroft Industrial Estate, Enterprise Road, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 0BT, UK
| | - M T Burrows
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - K M Y Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulan Road, Hong Kong
| | - P J Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Pack
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - H Schuster
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK
| | - D W Sims
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - M Whittington
- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd., 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, UK
| | - E C Southward
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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66
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Lamb PD, Hunter E, Pinnegar JK, Creer S, Davies RG, Taylor MI. Jellyfish on the menu: mtDNA assay reveals scyphozoan predation in the Irish Sea. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171421. [PMID: 29291125 PMCID: PMC5717700 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Localized outbreaks of jellyfish, known as blooms, cause a variety of adverse ecological and economic effects. However, fundamental aspects of their ecology remain unknown. Notably, there is scant information on the role jellyfish occupy in food webs: in many ecosystems, few or no predators are known. To identify jellyfish consumers in the Irish Sea, we conducted a molecular gut content assessment of 50 potential predators using cnidarian-specific mtDNA primers and sequencing. We show that jellyfish predation may be more common than previously acknowledged: uncovering many previously unknown jellyfish predators. A substantial proportion of herring and whiting were found to have consumed jellyfish. Rare ingestion was also detected in a variety of other species. Given the phenology of jellyfish in the region, we suggest that the predation was probably targeting juvenile stages of the jellyfish life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D. Lamb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
- Author for correspondence: Philip D. Lamb e-mail:
| | - Ewan Hunter
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - John K. Pinnegar
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Simon Creer
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Richard G. Davies
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Martin I. Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
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McInnes JC, Alderman R, Lea MA, Raymond B, Deagle BE, Phillips RA, Stanworth A, Thompson DR, Catry P, Weimerskirch H, Suazo CG, Gras M, Jarman SN. High occurrence of jellyfish predation by black-browed and Campbell albatross identified by DNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4831-4845. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. McInnes
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division; Kingston Tas. Australia
| | - Rachael Alderman
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Ben Raymond
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division; Kingston Tas. Australia
| | | | - Richard A. Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | | | - David R. Thompson
- National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research; Hataitai Wellington New Zealand
| | - Paulo Catry
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE); ISPA-Instituto Universitário; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé; UMR 7372 CNRS/ULR; Villiers-en-Bois France
| | - Cristián G. Suazo
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Michaël Gras
- Directorate of Natural Resources; Fisheries of the Falkland Islands Government; Stanley Falkland Islands
| | - Simon N. Jarman
- CIBIO-InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
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68
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Canepa A, Fuentes V, Bosch-Belmar M, Acevedo M, Toledo-Guedes K, Ortiz A, Durá E, Bordehore C, Gili JM. Environmental factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Carybdea marsupialis (Lineo, 1978, Cubozoa) in South-Western Mediterranean coasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181611. [PMID: 28746410 PMCID: PMC5528890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms cause important ecological and socio-economic problems. Among jellyfish, cubozoans are infamous for their painful, sometimes deadly, stings and are a major public concern in tropical to subtropical areas; however, there is little information about the possible causes of their outbreaks. After a bloom of the cubomedusa Carybdea marsupialis (Carybdeidae) along the coast of Denia (SW Mediterranean, Spain) in 2008 with negative consequences for local tourism, the necessity to understand the ecological restrictions on medusae abundance was evident. Here we use different models (GAM and zero-inflated models) to understand the environmental and human related factors influencing the abundance and distribution of C. marsupialis along the coast of Denia. Selected variables differed among medusae size classes, showing different environmental restriction associated to the developmental stages of the species. Variables implicated with dispersion (e.g. wind and current) affected mostly small and medium size classes. Sea surface temperature, salinity and proxies of primary production (chl a, phosphates, nitrates) were related to the abundances of small and large size classes, highlighting the roles of springtime salinity changes and increased primary production that may promote and maintain high densities of this species. The increased primary (and secondary) production due to anthropogenic impact is implicated as the factor enabling high numbers of C. marsupialis to thrive. Recommendations for monitoring blooms of this species along the study area and applicable to Mediterranean Sea include focus effort in coastal waters where productivity have been enriched by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Canepa
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Marine Biology and Oceanography Department, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Fuentes
- Marine Biology and Oceanography Department, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Bosch-Belmar
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Melissa Acevedo
- Marine Biology and Oceanography Department, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kilian Toledo-Guedes
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Departamento de Ecología e Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef" IMEM, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elia Durá
- Departamento de Ecología e Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef" IMEM, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - César Bordehore
- Departamento de Ecología e Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef" IMEM, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Gili
- Marine Biology and Oceanography Department, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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69
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Bastos DMRF, Haddad V, Nunes JLS. Human envenomations caused by Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis) in urban beaches of São Luis City, Maranhão State, Northeast Coast of Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:130-134. [PMID: 28327816 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0257-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The clinical and epidemiological aspects associated with Portuguese man-of-war envenomation were investigated and characterized. METHODS: Data from recorded envenomation events between 2005 and 2013 were provided by the GBMar (Group of Firemen Maritime of Maranhão State) and SEMUSC (Municipal Secretary of Security with Citizenship). RESULTS: Most victims were children, and clinical manifestations included intense pain, edema, erythema, and rare systemic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The envenomation events were predictable and based on patterns involving multiple factors (environmental and/or human behavior); however, the initially applied measures did not match the current recommendations of the Health Ministry of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidal Haddad
- Departamento de Dermatologia. Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil
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70
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Algueró-Muñiz M, Alvarez-Fernandez S, Thor P, Bach LT, Esposito M, Horn HG, Ecker U, Langer JAF, Taucher J, Malzahn AM, Riebesell U, Boersma M. Ocean acidification effects on mesozooplankton community development: Results from a long-term mesocosm experiment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175851. [PMID: 28410436 PMCID: PMC5391960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification may affect zooplankton directly by decreasing in pH, as well as indirectly via trophic pathways, where changes in carbon availability or pH effects on primary producers may cascade up the food web thereby altering ecosystem functioning and community composition. Here, we present results from a mesocosm experiment carried out during 113 days in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak coast of Sweden, studying plankton responses to predicted end-of-century pCO2 levels. We did not observe any pCO2 effect on the diversity of the mesozooplankton community, but a positive pCO2 effect on the total mesozooplankton abundance. Furthermore, we observed species-specific sensitivities to pCO2 in the two major groups in this experiment, copepods and hydromedusae. Also stage-specific pCO2 sensitivities were detected in copepods, with copepodites being the most responsive stage. Focusing on the most abundant species, Pseudocalanus acuspes, we observed that copepodites were significantly more abundant in the high-pCO2 treatment during most of the experiment, probably fuelled by phytoplankton community responses to high-pCO2 conditions. Physiological and reproductive output was analysed on P. acuspes females through two additional laboratory experiments, showing no pCO2 effect on females' condition nor on egg hatching. Overall, our results suggest that the Gullmar Fjord mesozooplankton community structure is not expected to change much under realistic end-of-century OA scenarios as used here. However, the positive pCO2 effect detected on mesozooplankton abundance could potentially affect biomass transfer to higher trophic levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Algueró-Muñiz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Santiago Alvarez-Fernandez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Peter Thor
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Framcentre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lennart T. Bach
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Esposito
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC) University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Henriette G. Horn
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Ursula Ecker
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Julia A. F. Langer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Jan Taucher
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne M. Malzahn
- Sintef Ocean AS, Marine Resource Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- FB2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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71
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Feng S, Wang SW, Zhang GT, Sun S, Zhang F. Selective suppression of in situ proliferation of scyphozoan polyps by biofouling. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:1046-1056. [PMID: 27890264 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An increase in marine artificial constructions has been proposed as a major cause of jellyfish blooms, because these constructions provide additional substrates for organisms at the benthic stage (polyps), which proliferate asexually and release a large amount of free-swimming medusae. These hard surfaces are normally covered by fouling communities, the components of which have the potential to impede the proliferation of polyps. In this study, we report an in situ experiment of polyp survival of four large scyphozoan species found in East Asian marginal seas that were exposed to biofouling, a universal phenomenon occurring on marine artificial constructions. Our results showed that the polyps of three species (Nemopilema nomurai, Cyanea nozaki, and Rhopilema esculentum) attached to the artificial surfaces were completely eliminated by biofouling within 7-8months, and only those of moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.1) in the upper layers could multiply on both artificial materials and other organisms (e.g., ascidians and bryozoans). Fouling-associated competition and predation and suppressed asexual reproduction of podocysts were observed to contribute to the loss of polyps. This study shows that the natural distribution of polyps is defined by the biofouling community that colonizes the surfaces of artificial constructions. Consequently, the contribution of marine constructions to jellyfish bloom is limited only to the ability of the jellyfish species to reproduce asexually through budding and inhabit solid surfaces of fouling organisms in addition to inhabiting original artificial materials. We anticipate that fragile polyps will colonize and proliferate in harsh environments that are deleterious to biofouling, and we propose special attention to polyps in antifouling practices for excluding the possibility that they occupy the available ecological space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Wang
- Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guang-Tao Zhang
- Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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72
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Blackett M, Lucas CH, Cook K, Licandro P. Occurrence of the siphonophore Muggiaea atlantica in Scottish coastal waters: source or sink? JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2017; 39:122-137. [PMID: 28566798 PMCID: PMC5444107 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We applied the concept of source-sink dynamics to investigate a recent (1999-2013) increase in the occurrence of the siphonophore Muggiaea atlantica in Scottish coastal waters. Our aim was to determine whether this change represented the establishment of resident populations (i.e. "sources"), or transient populations reliant on immigration (i.e. "sinks"). First, we show that local production was not always sufficient to account for recruitment (a "source" prerequisite), suggesting reliance on immigration (a "sink" prerequisite). Using variation partitioning, we then discriminated between the exclusive effects of immigration [indexed by the European Slope Current (ESC)] and local production (indexed by local sea temperature and food availability). On the west coast (Loch Ewe), interannual variability in the species' abundance was determined by, in order of increasing importance: (i) suitable local environmental conditions (13%); (ii) the role of the ESC in modulating these conditions (20%); and (iii) immigration via the ESC (29%). These results provided a strong indication that Loch Ewe represents a sink habitat for M. atlantica. However, on the east coast (Stonehaven) our results were less conclusive, probably due to the less direct influence of the ESC. For both locations, we suggest that low winter temperatures prevented overwintering, necessitating annual re-colonization via immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blackett
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography CentreUniversity of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Cathy H. Lucas
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography CentreUniversity of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Katherine Cook
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen Ab11 9DB, UK
| | - Priscilla Licandro
- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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73
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Meredith RW, Gaynor JJ, Bologna PAX. Diet assessment of the Atlantic Sea Nettle Chrysaora quinquecirrha in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, using next-generation sequencing. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:6248-6266. [PMID: 27859808 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies have proven useful in deciphering the food items of generalist predators, but have yet to be applied to gelatinous animal gut and tentacle content. NGS can potentially supplement traditional methods of visual identification. Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Atlantic sea nettle) has progressively become more abundant in Mid-Atlantic United States' estuaries including Barnegat Bay (New Jersey), potentially having detrimental effects on both marine organisms and human enterprises. Full characterization of this predator's diet is essential for a comprehensive understanding of its impact on the food web and its management. Here, we tested the efficacy of NGS for prey item determination in the Atlantic sea nettle. We implemented a NGS 'shotgun' approach to randomly sequence DNA fragments isolated from gut lavages and gastric pouch/tentacle picks of eight and 84 sea nettles, respectively. These results were verified by visual identification and co-occurring plankton tows. Over 550 000 contigs were assembled from ~110 million paired-end reads. Of these, 100 contigs were confidently assigned to 23 different taxa, including soft-bodied organisms previously undocumented as prey species, including copepods, fish, ctenophores, anemones, amphipods, barnacles, shrimp, polychaete worms, flukes, flatworms, echinoderms, gastropods, bivalves and hemichordates. Our results not only indicate that a 'shotgun' NGS approach can supplement visual identification methods, but targeted enrichment of a specific amplicon/gene is not a prerequisite for identifying Atlantic sea nettle prey items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Meredith
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - John J Gaynor
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Paul A X Bologna
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
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74
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Schnedler-Meyer NA, Mariani P, Kiørboe T. The global susceptibility of coastal forage fish to competition by large jellyfish. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161931. [PMID: 28120793 PMCID: PMC5124096 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition between large jellyfish and forage fish for zooplankton prey is both a possible cause of jellyfish increases and a concern for the management of marine ecosystems and fisheries. Identifying principal factors affecting this competition is therefore important for marine management, but the lack of both good quality data and a robust theoretical framework have prevented general global analyses. Here, we present a general mechanistic food web model that considers fundamental differences in feeding modes and predation pressure between fish and jellyfish. The model predicts forage fish dominance at low primary production, and a shift towards jellyfish with increasing productivity, turbidity and fishing. We present an index of global ecosystem susceptibility to shifts in fish-jellyfish dominance that compares well with data on jellyfish distributions and trends. The results are a step towards better understanding the processes that govern jellyfish occurrences globally and highlight the advantage of considering feeding traits in ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Azaña Schnedler-Meyer
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Patrizio Mariani
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
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75
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Naman SM, Greene CM, Rice CA, Chamberlin J, Conway-Cranos L, Cordell JR, Hall JE, Rhodes LD. Stable isotope-based trophic structure of pelagic fish and jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8159-8173. [PMID: 27878085 PMCID: PMC5108267 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish–jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and jellyfish assemblages, and several community‐level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage‐ and community‐level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial–marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage‐level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish–jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Naman
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Casimir A Rice
- NOAA Fisheries Mukilteo Research Station Mukilteo WA USA
| | | | - Letitia Conway-Cranos
- NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle WA USA; Present address: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Program Olympia WA USA
| | - Jeffery R Cordell
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Jason E Hall
- NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle WA USA
| | - Linda D Rhodes
- NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle WA USA
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Courtney R, Browning S, Northfield T, Seymour J. Thermal and Osmotic Tolerance of 'Irukandji' Polyps: Cubozoa; Carukia barnesi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159380. [PMID: 27441693 PMCID: PMC4956319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research explores the thermal and osmotic tolerance of the polyp stage of the Irukandji jellyfish Carukia barnesi, which provides new insights into potential polyp habitat suitability. The research also targets temperature, salinity, feeding frequency, and combinations thereof, as cues for synchronous medusae production. Primary findings revealed 100% survivorship in osmotic treatments between 19 and 46‰, with the highest proliferation at 26‰. As salinity levels of 26‰ do not occur within the waters of the Great Barrier Reef or Coral Sea, we conclude that the polyp stage of C. barnesi is probably found in estuarine environments, where these lower salinity conditions commonly occur, in comparison to the medusa stage, which is oceanic. Population stability was achieved at temperatures between 18 and 31°C, with an optimum temperature of 22.9°C. We surmise that C. barnesi polyps may be restricted to warmer estuarine areas where water temperatures do not drop below 18°C. Asexual reproduction was also positively correlated with feeding frequency. Temperature, salinity, feeding frequency, and combinations thereof did not induce medusae production, suggesting that this species may use a different cue, possibly photoperiod, to initiate medusae production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Courtney
- Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sally Browning
- Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tobin Northfield
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie Seymour
- Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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van Walraven L, Driessen F, van Bleijswijk J, Bol A, Luttikhuizen PC, Coolen JWP, Bos OG, Gittenberger A, Schrieken N, Langenberg VT, van der Veer HW. Where are the polyps? Molecular identification, distribution and population differentiation of Aurelia aurita jellyfish polyps in the southern North Sea area. MARINE BIOLOGY 2016; 163:172. [PMID: 27478251 PMCID: PMC4949292 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For many species of metagenic jellyfish the location of the benthic polyps is unknown. To gain insight in the distribution, species composition and population structure of scyphozoan jellyfish polyps in the southern North Sea area, polyp samples were collected from natural and artificial substrates (settling plates, marina floats and wrecks) at ten inshore locations in the Netherlands, seven offshore locations in the North Sea and in the Gullmar Fjord in Sweden. Polyps were identified to species level by sequencing both a fragment of 18S rDNA and a fragment of mitochondrial COI, and comparing these sequences to reference sequences available in GenBank and to newly obtained sequences from medusae collected in the area. All polyps sequenced did belong to Aurelia aurita. For this species, molecular diversity in mitochondrial COI was high, with 50 haplotypes among 183 polyps. Population differentiation was detected between the Dogger Bank and other-more coastal-locations, indicating extremely low connectivity. No significant differences were found between coastal samples. The location of polyps of Cyanea capillata, Cyanea lamarckii, Chrysaora hysoscella and Rhizostoma octopus in the study area remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodewijk van Walraven
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Driessen
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van Bleijswijk
- Department of Marine Microbiology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Bol
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Joop W. P. Coolen
- Department of Ecosystems, IMARES Wageningen UR – Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Chair group Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar G. Bos
- Department of Ecosystems, IMARES Wageningen UR – Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Gittenberger
- GiMaRIS, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Schrieken
- BiOrganized, Grenadiersweg 8, 3902 JC Veenendaal, The Netherlands
- ANEMOON Foundation, P.O. Box 29, 2120 AA Bennebroek, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk W. van der Veer
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
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Giussani V, Costa E, Pecorino D, Berdalet E, De Giampaulis G, Gentile M, Fuentes V, Vila M, Penna A, Chiantore M, Garaventa F, Lavorano S, Faimali M. Effects of the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on different life cycle stages of the common moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 57:49-58. [PMID: 30170721 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and geographic extension of microalgae and gelatinous zooplankton blooms seem to have been increasing worldwide over recent decades. In particular, the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata and the Schyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia sp. are two of the most frequent and long lasting species forming blooms in the Mediterranean Sea. A kind of interaction among any of their life cycle stages (i.e. planula-polyp-ephyrae vs Ostreopsis cells) can likely occur, although in this area there are no data available on the co-occurrence of these species. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the potential noxious effect of O. cf. ovata on different life stages of Aurelia sp. (polyps and ephyrae), testing several concentrations of whole algal culture. Rsults of toxicity bioassay highlighted that ephyrae, but not polyps, are affected by this harmful dinoflagellate and comparisons among other model organisms show that Aurelia sp. ephyrae are the most sensitive model organism tested so far (EC50-24h=10.5cells/mL). These findings suggest an interesting scenario on the interaction of these two bloom forming species in the natural marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Costa
- CNR - Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Danilo Pecorino
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giulio De Giampaulis
- Department of Science and Biological and Environmental Technologies, University of Salento, S.P.6., Lecce - Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriam Gentile
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Veronica Fuentes
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Magda Vila
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonella Penna
- DISB - University of Urbino, via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment S.p.A., Acquario di Genova, Area, Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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Chiaverano LM, Bayha KW, Graham WM. Local versus Generalized Phenotypes in Two Sympatric Aurelia Species: Understanding Jellyfish Ecology Using Genetics and Morphometrics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156588. [PMID: 27332545 PMCID: PMC4917110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For individuals living in environmentally heterogeneous environments, a key component for adaptation and persistence is the extent of phenotypic differentiation in response to local environmental conditions. In order to determine the extent of environmentally induced morphological variation in a natural population distributed along environmental gradients, it is necessary to account for potential genetic differences contributing to morphological differentiation. In this study, we set out to quantify geographic morphological variation in the moon jellyfish Aurelia exposed at the extremes of a latitudinal environmental gradient in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). We used morphological data based on 28 characters, and genetic data taken from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1). Molecular analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct species of Aurelia co-occurring in the GoM: Aurelia sp. 9 and Aurelia c.f. sp. 2, named for its divergence from (for COI) and similarity to (for ITS-1) Aurelia sp. 2 (Brazil). Neither species exhibited significant population genetic structure between the Northern and the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico; however, they differed greatly in the degree of geographic morphological variation. The morphology of Aurelia sp. 9 exhibited ecophenotypic plasticity and varied significantly between locations, while morphology of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 was geographically invariant (i.e., canalized). The plastic, generalist medusae of Aurelia sp. 9 are likely able to produce environmentally-induced, “optimal” phenotypes that confer high relative fitness in different environments. In contrast, the non-plastic generalist individuals of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 likely produce environmentally-independent phenotypes that provide the highest fitness across environments. These findings suggest the two Aurelia lineages co-occurring in the GoM were likely exposed to different past environmental conditions (i.e., different selective pressures) and evolved different strategies to cope with environmental variation. This study highlights the importance of using genetics and morphometric data to understand jellyfish ecology, evolution and systematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano M. Chiaverano
- Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keith W. Bayha
- American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - William M. Graham
- Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States of America
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Epstein HE, Templeman MA, Kingsford MJ. Fine-scale detection of pollutants by a benthic marine jellyfish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:340-346. [PMID: 27068562 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Local sources of pollution can vary immensely on small geographic scales and short time frames due to differences in runoff and adjacent land use. This study examined the rate of uptake and retention of trace metals in Cassiopea maremetens, a benthic marine jellyfish, over a short time frame and in the presence of multiple pollutants. This study also validated the ability of C. maremetens to uptake metals in the field. Experimental manipulation demonstrated that metal accumulation in jellyfish tissue began within 24h of exposure to treated water and trended for higher accumulation in the presence of multiple pollutants. C. maremetens was found to uptake trace metals in the field and provide unique signatures among locations. This fine-scale detection and rapid accumulation of metals in jellyfish tissue can have major implications for both biomonitoring and the trophic transfer of pollutants through local ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Epstein
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | | | - Michael J Kingsford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Zoccarato L, Celussi M, Pallavicini A, Fonda Umani S. Aurelia aurita Ephyrae Reshape a Coastal Microbial Community. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:749. [PMID: 27242762 PMCID: PMC4871886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to the impact of jellyfish blooms on marine communities. Aurelia aurita is one of the most studied of the Scyphozoans, and several studies have been carried out to describe its role as a top-down controller within the classical food web. However, little data are available to define the effects of these jellyfish on microbial communities. The aims of this study were to describe the predation impact of A. aurita ephyrae on a natural microplanktonic assemblage, and to determine any reshaping effects on the prokaryote community composition and functioning. Surface coastal water was used to set up a 24-h grazing experiment in microcosms. Samples were collected to determine the variations in prey biomass, heterotrophic carbon production (HCP), extracellular leucine aminopeptidase activity, and grazing pressure. A next-generation sequencing technique was used to investigate biodiversity shifts within the prokaryote and protist communities through the small subunit rRNA tag approach. This study shows that A. aurita ephyrae were responsible for large decreases in the abundances of the more motile microplankton groups, such as tintinnids, Dinophyceae, and aloricate ciliates. Bacillariophyceae and Mediophyceae showed smaller reductions. No evidence of selective predation emerged in the analysis of the community diversity down to the family level. The heterotrophic prokaryote biomass increased significantly (by up to 45%), in parallel with increases in HCP and leucine aminopeptidase activity (40%). Significant modifications were detected in prokaryotic community composition. Some classes of Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia showed higher relative abundances when exposed to A. aurita ephyrae, while there was a net decrease for Alphaproteobacteria. Overall, this study provides new insight into the effects of A. aurita on microbial communities, underlining their selective predation toward the more motile groups of microplankton and their impact on prokaryotic assemblages, by favoring blooms of copiotrophic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zoccarato
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Celussi
- Oceanography Division, OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale)Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Serena Fonda Umani
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
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83
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Ruzicka JJ, Daly EA, Brodeur RD. Evidence that summer jellyfish blooms impact Pacific Northwest salmon production. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Ruzicka
- Cooperative Institution for Marine Resources StudiesOregon State University Newport Oregon 97366 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Daly
- Cooperative Institution for Marine Resources StudiesOregon State University Newport Oregon 97366 USA
| | - Richard D. Brodeur
- Fish Ecology DivisionNOAA FisheriesNorthwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Newport Oregon 97366 USA
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84
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Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 80:91-138. [PMID: 26700108 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. Microbial surface association also contributes to deleterious effects such as biofouling, biocorrosion, and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic determinants. The processes and mechanisms of colonization as well as key players among the surface-associated microbiota have been studied for several decades. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cell-surface, cell-cell, and interpopulation interactions shape the composition, structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functions of surface-associated microbial communities. Several key microbial processes and mechanisms, including (i) surface, population, and community sensing and signaling, (ii) intraspecies and interspecies communication and interaction, and (iii) the regulatory balance between cooperation and competition, have been identified as critical for the microbial surface association lifestyle. In this review, recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed. Major gaps in our knowledge remain. We pose questions for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features, answers to which would advance our understanding of surface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities at levels from molecular mechanistic details through systems biological integration.
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85
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Breitbart M, Benner BE, Jernigan PE, Rosario K, Birsa LM, Harbeitner RC, Fulford S, Graham C, Walters A, Goldsmith DB, Berger SA, Nejstgaard JC. Discovery, Prevalence, and Persistence of Novel Circular Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in the Ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1427. [PMID: 26733971 PMCID: PMC4683175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatinous zooplankton, such as ctenophores and jellyfish, are important components of marine and brackish ecosystems and play critical roles in aquatic biogeochemistry. As voracious predators of plankton, ctenophores have key positions in aquatic food webs and are often successful invaders when introduced to new areas. Gelatinous zooplankton have strong impacts on ecosystem services, particularly in coastal environments. However, little is known about the factors responsible for regulating population dynamics of gelatinous organisms, including biological interactions that may contribute to bloom demise. Ctenophores are known to contain specific bacterial communities and a variety of invertebrate parasites and symbionts; however, no previous studies have examined the presence of viruses in these organisms. Building upon recent studies demonstrating a diversity of single-stranded DNA viruses that encode a replication initiator protein (Rep) in aquatic invertebrates, this study explored the presence of circular, Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses in the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata collected from the Skidaway River Estuary and Savannah River in Georgia, USA. Using rolling circle amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion, this study provides the first evidence of viruses in ctenophores. Investigation of four CRESS-DNA viruses over an 8-month period using PCR demonstrated temporal trends in viral prevalence and indicated that some of the viruses may persist in ctenophore populations throughout the year. Although future work needs to examine the ecological roles of these ctenophore-associated viruses, this study indicates that viral infection may play a role in population dynamics of gelatinous zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Bayleigh E Benner
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Parker E Jernigan
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Karyna Rosario
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laura M Birsa
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Rachel C Harbeitner
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Sidney Fulford
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Carina Graham
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Anna Walters
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Dawn B Goldsmith
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Stella A Berger
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of GeorgiaSavannah, GA, USA; Department III, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)Stechlin, Germany
| | - Jens C Nejstgaard
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of GeorgiaSavannah, GA, USA; Department III, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)Stechlin, Germany
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Benedetti-Cecchi L, Canepa A, Fuentes V, Tamburello L, Purcell JE, Piraino S, Roberts J, Boero F, Halpin P. Deterministic Factors Overwhelm Stochastic Environmental Fluctuations as Drivers of Jellyfish Outbreaks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141060. [PMID: 26485278 PMCID: PMC4617864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks are increasingly viewed as a deterministic response to escalating levels of environmental degradation and climate extremes. However, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of deterministic drivers and stochastic environmental variations favouring population renewal processes has remained elusive. This study quantifies the deterministic and stochastic components of environmental change that lead to outbreaks of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the Mediterranen Sea. Using data of jellyfish abundance collected at 241 sites along the Catalan coast from 2007 to 2010 we: (1) tested hypotheses about the influence of time-varying and spatial predictors of jellyfish outbreaks; (2) evaluated the relative importance of stochastic vs. deterministic forcing of outbreaks through the environmental bootstrap method; and (3) quantified return times of extreme events. Outbreaks were common in May and June and less likely in other summer months, which resulted in a negative relationship between outbreaks and SST. Cross- and along-shore advection by geostrophic flow were important concentrating forces of jellyfish, but most outbreaks occurred in the proximity of two canyons in the northern part of the study area. This result supported the recent hypothesis that canyons can funnel P. noctiluca blooms towards shore during upwelling. This can be a general, yet unappreciated mechanism leading to outbreaks of holoplanktonic jellyfish species. The environmental bootstrap indicated that stochastic environmental fluctuations have negligible effects on return times of outbreaks. Our analysis emphasized the importance of deterministic processes leading to jellyfish outbreaks compared to the stochastic component of environmental variation. A better understanding of how environmental drivers affect demographic and population processes in jellyfish species will increase the ability to anticipate jellyfish outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Canepa
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Fuentes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Tamburello
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jennifer E. Purcell
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
- Western Washington University, Shannon Point Marine Center, Anacortes, Washington 98221, United States of America
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
| | - Jason Roberts
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
- CNR-ISMAR, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrick Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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87
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Blanchet M, Pringault O, Bouvy M, Catala P, Oriol L, Caparros J, Ortega-Retuerta E, Intertaglia L, West N, Agis M, Got P, Joux F. Changes in bacterial community metabolism and composition during the degradation of dissolved organic matter from the jellyfish Aurelia aurita in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13638-53. [PMID: 25408076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spatial increases and temporal shifts in outbreaks of gelatinous plankton have been observed over the past several decades in many estuarine and coastal ecosystems. The effects of these blooms on marine ecosystem functioning and particularly on the dynamics of the heterotrophic bacteria are still unclear. The response of the bacterial community from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon to the addition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the jellyfish Aurelia aurita, corresponding to an enrichment of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 1.4, was assessed for 22 days in microcosms (8 l). The high bioavailability of this material led to (i) a rapid mineralization of the DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen from the jellyfish and (ii) the accumulation of high concentrations of ammonium and orthophosphate in the water column. DOM from jellyfish greatly stimulated heterotrophic prokaryotic production and respiration rates during the first 2 days; then, these activities showed a continuous decay until reaching those measured in the control microcosms (lagoon water only) at the end of the experiment. Bacterial growth efficiency remained below 20%, indicating that most of the DOM was respired and a minor part was channeled to biomass production. Changes in bacterial diversity were assessed by tag pyrosequencing of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, DNA fingerprints, and a cultivation approach. While bacterial diversity in control microcosms showed little changes during the experiment, the addition of DOM from the jellyfish induced a rapid growth of Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio species that were isolated. After 9 days, the bacterial community was dominated by Bacteroidetes, which appeared more adapted to metabolize high-molecular-weight DOM. At the end of the experiment, the bacterial community shifted toward a higher proportion of Alphaproteobacteria. Resilience of the bacterial community after the addition of DOM from the jellyfish was higher for metabolic functions than diversity, suggesting that jellyfish blooms can induce durable changes in the bacterial community structure in coastal lagoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Blanchet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/mer, France
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88
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Occurrence of a gelatinous predator (Cyanea capillata) may affect the distribution of Boreogadus saida, a key Arctic prey fish species. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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89
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Qu CF, Song JM, Li N, Li XG, Yuan HM, Duan LQ, Ma QX. Jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii) decomposition and its potential influence on marine environments studied via simulation experiments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:199-208. [PMID: 26088540 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the jellyfish population in Chinese seas is increasing, and decomposition of jellyfish strongly influences the marine ecosystem. This study investigated the change in water quality during Cyanea nozakii decomposition using simulation experiments. The results demonstrated that the amount of dissolved nutrients released by jellyfish was greater than the amount of particulate nutrients. NH4(+) was predominant in the dissolved matter, whereas the particulate matter was dominated by organic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus. The high N/P ratios demonstrated that jellyfish decomposition may result in high nitrogen loads. The inorganic nutrients released by C. nozakii decomposition were important for primary production. Jellyfish decomposition caused decreases in the pH and oxygen consumption associated with acidification and hypoxia or anoxia; however, sediments partially mitigated the changes in the pH and oxygen. These results imply that jellyfish decomposition can result in potentially detrimental effects on marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Ming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue-Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hua-Mao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Qin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing-Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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90
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Sweetman AK, Smith CR, Dale T, Jones DOB. Rapid scavenging of jellyfish carcasses reveals the importance of gelatinous material to deep-sea food webs. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20142210. [PMID: 25320167 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms are common in many oceans, and anthropogenic changes appear to have increased their magnitude in some regions. Although mass falls of jellyfish carcasses have been observed recently at the deep seafloor, the dense necrophage aggregations and rapid consumption rates typical for vertebrate carrion have not been documented. This has led to a paradigm of limited energy transfer to higher trophic levels at jelly falls relative to vertebrate organic falls. We show from baited camera deployments in the Norwegian deep sea that dense aggregations of deep-sea scavengers (more than 1000 animals at peak densities) can rapidly form at jellyfish baits and consume entire jellyfish carcasses in 2.5 h. We also show that scavenging rates on jellyfish are not significantly different from fish carrion of similar mass, and reveal that scavenging communities typical for the NE Atlantic bathyal zone, including the Atlantic hagfish, galatheid crabs, decapod shrimp and lyssianasid amphipods, consume both types of carcasses. These rapid jellyfish carrion consumption rates suggest that the contribution of gelatinous material to organic fluxes may be seriously underestimated in some regions, because jelly falls may disappear much more rapidly than previously thought. Our results also demonstrate that the energy contained in gelatinous carrion can be efficiently incorporated into large numbers of deep-sea scavengers and food webs, lessening the expected impacts (e.g. smothering of the seafloor) of enhanced jellyfish production on deep-sea ecosystems and pelagic-benthic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Sweetman
- International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, Randaberg 4070, Norway
| | - Craig R Smith
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Trine Dale
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Thormøhlensgate 53D, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Center, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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91
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The elusive life cycle of scyphozoan jellyfish--metagenesis revisited. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12037. [PMID: 26153534 PMCID: PMC4495463 DOI: 10.1038/srep12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive proliferations of scyphozoan jellyfish considerably affect human industries and irreversibly change food webs. Efforts to understand the role of jellyfish in marine ecosystems are based on a life cycle model described 200 years ago. According to this paradigm the pelagic medusae is considered seasonal and alternates with the benthic polyp stage from which it derives. However, we provide evidence that a) the occurrence of several species of medusae is not restricted to a season in the year, they overwinter, b) polyp- and medusa generations are neither temporally nor spatially separated, and c) “metagenesis” which is defined as the alternation between sexual and asexual generations does not always occur. Hence we recommend additions to the current model and argue that the scyphozoan life cycle should be considered multi-modal, rather than metagenetic. The implications of these findings for jellyfish proliferations, including possible consequences and associated environmental drivers, are discussed.
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92
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Nunes PALD, Loureiro ML, Piñol L, Sastre S, Voltaire L, Canepa A. Analyzing Beach Recreationists' Preferences for the Reduction of Jellyfish Blooms: Economic Results from a Stated-Choice Experiment in Catalonia, Spain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126681. [PMID: 26053674 PMCID: PMC4459978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks and their consequences appear to be on the increase around the world, and are becoming particularly relevant in the Mediterranean. No previous studies have quantified tourism losses caused by jellyfish outbreaks. We used a stated-choice questionnaire and a Random Utility Model to estimate the amount of time respondents would be willing to add to their journey, in terms of reported extra travel time, in order to reduce the risk of encountering jellyfish blooms in the Catalan coast. The estimation results indicated that the respondents were willing to spend on average an additional 23.8% of their travel time to enjoy beach recreation in areas with a lower risk of jellyfish blooms. Using as a reference the opportunity cost of time, we found that the subsample of individuals who made a trade-off between the disutility generated by travelling longer in order to lower the risk of jellyfish blooms, and the utility gained from reducing this risk, are willing to pay on average €3.20 per beach visit. This estimate, combined with the respondents’ mean income, yielded annual economic gains associated with reduction of jellyfish blooms on the Catalan coast around €422.57 million, or about 11.95% of the tourism expenditures in 2012. From a policy-making perspective, this study confirms the importance of the economic impacts of jellyfish blooms and the need for mitigation strategies. In particular, providing daily information using social media applications or other technical devices may reduce these social costs. The current lack of knowledge about jellyfish suggests that providing this information to beach recreationists may be a substantially effective policy instrument for minimising the impact of jellyfish blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. L. D. Nunes
- Ecosystem Services Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Avenue, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maria L. Loureiro
- Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica, Facultade de Ciencias Económicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Campus Norte, Avda Burgo das Nacións, 15704, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Laia Piñol
- LEITAT Technological Centre - Maritime Division, 2 Carrer de la Innovació, 08225, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sergio Sastre
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar - CSIC, 37-49 Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 08013, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louinord Voltaire
- UMR-AMURE, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 12 rue de Kergoat, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Antonio Canepa
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar - CSIC, 37-49 Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 08013, Barcelona, Spain
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93
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Exploring the potential of small RNA subunit and ITS sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Ctenophora. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:102-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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94
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Duarte CM, Fulweiler RW, Lovelock CE, Martinetto P, Saunders MI, Pandolfi JM, Gelcich S, Nixon SW. Reconsidering Ocean Calamities. Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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95
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Hao W, Gerdts G, Peplies J, Wichels A. Bacterial communities associated with four ctenophore genera from the German Bight (North Sea). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 91:1-11. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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96
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Manzari C, Fosso B, Marzano M, Annese A, Caprioli R, D’Erchia AM, Gissi C, Intranuovo M, Picardi E, Santamaria M, Scorrano S, Sgaramella G, Stabili L, Piraino S, Pesole G. The influence of invasive jellyfish blooms on the aquatic microbiome in a coastal lagoon (Varano, SE Italy) detected by an Illumina-based deep sequencing strategy. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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97
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Lin JN, Yan T, Zhang QC, Wang YF, Liu Q, Zhou MJ. In situ detrimental impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms on zooplankton in the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:302-310. [PMID: 25242234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense have occurred frequently in the East China Sea (ECS) in recent decades. However, its impacts on the zooplankton in situ are still under not well understood. During a spring P. donghaiense bloom (April-May 2013) along the northern coast of Fujian Province (120°-121°30″E, 26°30″-28°N), we found that the bloom decreased the abundance of copepods and had no significant effect on chaetognaths and small jellyfish. However, the abundance of small jellyfish increased over the course of the study. The zooplankton community changed from being copepod and small jellyfish- to small jellyfish-dominated during the bloom. In the bloom areas, the copepod Calanus sinicus showed higher mortality and lower egg production rates (EPR) than those in the non-bloom areas. The results suggested that P. donghaiense blooms had detrimental effects on the structure of zooplankton community and the recruitments of C. sinicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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98
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Dawson MN, Cieciel K, Decker MB, Hays GC, Lucas CH, Pitt KA. Population-level perspectives on global change: genetic and demographic analyses indicate various scales, timing, and causes of scyphozoan jellyfish blooms. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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99
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De Donno A, Idolo A, Bagordo F, Grassi T, Leomanni A, Serio F, Guido M, Canitano M, Zampardi S, Boero F, Piraino S. Impact of stinging jellyfish proliferations along south Italian coasts: human health hazards, treatment and social costs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:2488-503. [PMID: 24583831 PMCID: PMC3986988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110302488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stinging jellyfish outbreaks represent a health hazard, causing contact dermatitis and systemic reactions. This study investigated the epidemiology, severity, and treatment protocols of jellyfish stings in a coastal area with high tourist development and frequent stinging jellyfish outbreaks of the central Mediterranean (Salento, Southern Italy), and the associated costs for the Italian National Health Service. In 2007–2011, 1,733 bathers (mostly children and females) sought medical assistance following jellyfish stings, the main cause of human pathologies due to contact with marine organisms. The majority of events were reported in the years 2007–2009, whereas the occurrence of cnidarian jellyfish outbreaks has been increasingly reported in the same area since summer 2010. Most symptoms were limited to local and cutaneous reactions; conversely, 8.7% of cases evoked complications, mainly due to allergic reactions. The main drugs used were corticosteroids, locally applied and systemic (46% and 43%, respectively), and with ammonia (74%) as the main non-pharmacological treatment. The estimated cost of jellyfish-related first-aid services along the Salento coastline over the 5-year period was approximately 400,000 Euros. Therefore the management of jellyfish outbreak phenomena need coordinated research efforts towards a better understanding of underlying ecological mechanisms, together with the adoption of effective prevention policy, mitigation strategies, and appropriate planning of health services at tourist hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Leomanni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | | | - Serena Zampardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
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100
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Chiaverano LM, Holland BS, Crow GL, Blair L, Yanagihara AA. Long-term fluctuations in circalunar Beach aggregations of the box jellyfish Alatina moseri in Hawaii, with links to environmental variability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77039. [PMID: 24194856 PMCID: PMC3806728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The box jellyfish Alatina moseri forms monthly aggregations at Waikiki Beach 8-12 days after each full moon, posing a recurrent hazard to swimmers due to painful stings. We present an analysis of long-term (14 years: Jan 1998- Dec 2011) changes in box jellyfish abundance at Waikiki Beach. We tested the relationship of beach counts to climate and biogeochemical variables over time in the North Pacific Sub-tropical Gyre (NPSG). Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Change-Point Analysis (CPA), and General Regression Models (GRM) were used to characterize patterns in box jellyfish arrival at Waikiki Beach 8-12 days following 173 consecutive full moons. Variation in box jellyfish abundance lacked seasonality, but exhibited dramatic differences among months and among years, and followed an oscillating pattern with significant periods of increase (1998-2001; 2006-2011) and decrease (2001-2006). Of three climatic and 12 biogeochemical variables examined, box jellyfish showed a strong, positive relationship with primary production, >2 mm zooplankton biomass, and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) index. It is clear that that the moon cycle plays a key role in synchronizing timing of the arrival of Alatina moseri medusae to shore. We propose that bottom-up processes, likely initiated by inter-annual regional climatic fluctuations influence primary production, secondary production, and ultimately regulate food availability, and are therefore important in controlling the inter-annual changes in box jellyfish abundance observed at Waikiki Beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano M. Chiaverano
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brenden S. Holland
- Center for Conservation Research & Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Gerald L. Crow
- Waikiki Aquarium, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Landy Blair
- Ocean Safety and Lifeguard Services, City and County of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Angel A. Yanagihara
- Bekesy Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, and Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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