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Wilson N, Cale L, Casey A. "Instead of Being on a Screen You Can Be More Out There and Enjoy Your Life": Young People's Understandings of Physical Activity for Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105880. [PMID: 37239606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite documented evidence of the benefits of leading a physically active life, it is reported that less than half of young people in Europe meet the physical activity recommendations. Schools, and in particular physical education (PE), are viewed to be at the forefront of addressing inactive lifestyles and educating young people about physical activity. Nonetheless, given advancements in technology, young people are increasingly exposed to physical activity information "beyond the school gates". Consequently, if PE teachers are to support young people to understand the information they receive surrounding physical activity online, then they need to be able to address any misconceptions about health they may have. METHODS In this study, fourteen young people (7 boys and 7 girls) in year 9 (13-14 years old) from two secondary schools in England participated in a digitally-based activity and semi-structured interviews which aimed to explore their conceptions of physical activity for health. RESULTS It was found that the young people had limited and narrow conceptions of what it means to be physically active. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested the findings could be partly attributed to limitations in students' learning and experiences with respect to physical activity and health in the PE curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Wilson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lorraine Cale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ashley Casey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Jeftic I, Furzer BJ, Dimmock JA, Wright K, Boyd C, Budden T, Rosenberg M, Kramer B, Buist B, Fitzpatrick I, Sabiston C, de Jonge M, Jackson B. Structured exercise programs for higher education students experiencing mental health challenges: background, significance, and implementation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1104918. [PMID: 37181716 PMCID: PMC10167056 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of mental illness is greatest among young adults, and those enrolled in higher education may be particularly vulnerable compared to the general young adult population. Many higher education institutions employ student support staff tasked with implementing strategies to improve student wellbeing and mental illness. However, these strategies tend to be focused on clinical therapies and pharmacological interventions with limited lifestyle approaches. Exercise is an effective method for addressing mental illness and promoting wellbeing, yet widespread provision of structured exercise services to support treatment options for students with mental health challenges has not been fully realized. In an effort to guide exercise strategies for student mental health, we synthesize considerations for developing and delivering exercise programs in higher education settings. We draw directly from the evidence base on existing exercise programs in higher education; and the broader behavior change, exercise adherence, health psychology, implementation science, and exercise prescription literatures. Our broad considerations cover issues regarding program engagement and behavior change, exercise 'dose' and prescription, integration with other on-campus services, and robust research and evaluation. These considerations may provide impetus for widespread program development and implementation, as well as informing research focused on protecting and improving student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jeftic
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bonnie J. Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James A. Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kemi Wright
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Conor Boyd
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Kramer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brett Buist
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Fitzpatrick
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa de Jonge
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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Yardimci A, Ulker Ertugrul N, Ozgen A, Ozbeg G, Ridvan Ozdede M, Ercan EC, Canpolat S. Effects of chronic irisin treatment on brain monoamine levels in the hypothalamic and subcortical nuclei of adult male and female rats: An HPLC-ECD study. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137245. [PMID: 37061025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoaminergic systems are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and vegetative functions due to their established influence on hypothalamic and subcortical areas. These systems can be modulated by lifestyle factors, especially exercise, which is known to produce several beneficial effects on reproduction, brain health, and mental disorders. The fact that exercise is sensed by the brain shows that muscle-stimulated secretion of myokines allows direct crosstalk between the muscles and the brain. One of such exercise-induced beneficial effects on the brain is exhibited by irisin-a recently discovered PGC-1α-dependent adipo-myokine mainly secreted from skeletal muscle during exercise. Thus, we hypothesized that irisin may affect central monoamine levels and thus play an important role in the muscle-brain endocrine loop. To test this assertion, for 10 weeks, vehicle (deionized water) or 100 ng/kg irisin was injected intraperitoneally once a day to 12 male and 12 female rats after which the levels of monoamines and their metabolites were determined by HPLC-ECD. In the hypothalamic nuclei, irisin significantly decreased dopamine (DA) metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (p<0.05), DOPAC/DA ratio (p<0.01) and noradrenaline (NA, p<0.05) levels in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), and DOPAC and NA levels in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) (p<0.05), having a crucial role in reproduction and sexual motivation, respectively. On the other hand, irisin significantly increased DOPAC levels in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) (p<0.05), which acts as a hunger center, while it significantly decreased the levels of DA, NA, and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) as a known satiety center (p<0.05). In nucleus accumbens (NaC), irisin significantly reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels (p<0.05), which are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) physiopathology. It also significantly increased DA levels in this area, thus exhibiting positive effects on depression and sexual dysfunction in men. On the other hand, it significantly decreased serotonin (5-HT) (p<0.01) and its metabolite 5-HIAA levels in the medial amygdala (MeA) (p<0.05), indicating that it may play a role in social behaviors. Moreover, it significantly attenuated NA levels in the same hypothalamic area, which is directly involved in stress-induced activation of the central noradrenergic system. These findings demonstrate for the first time that irisin induces significant changes in monoamine levels in many hypothalamic nuclei involved in feeding behavior and vegetative functions, as well as in subcortical nuclei related to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | | | - Aslisah Ozgen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gulendam Ozbeg
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Eda Coban Ercan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Alur-Gupta S, Dokras A. Considerations in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Women with PCOS. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:37-44. [PMID: 38113882 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety. What is less clear is whether existing treatments for PCOS are effective in managing this increased risk and what the optimal approach to treatment is. In this review, currently available interventions are explored including lifestyle modifications, oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizing agents, psychosocial interventions and psychiatric medications. While data are often conflicting, lifestyle interventions, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear most promising in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in this population. There is an urgent need for large prospective studies to fill gaps in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Alur-Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Breathwork Interventions for Adults with Clinically Diagnosed Anxiety Disorders: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020256. [PMID: 36831799 PMCID: PMC9954474 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common group of mental disorders, but they are often underrecognized and undertreated in primary care. Dysfunctional breathing is a hallmark of anxiety disorders; however, mainstays of treatments do not tackle breathing in patients suffering anxiety. This scoping review aims to identify the nature and extent of the available research literature on the efficacy of breathwork interventions for adults with clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders using the DSM-5 classification system. Using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted using terms related to anxiety disorders and breathwork interventions. Only clinical studies using breathwork (without the combination of other interventions) and performed on adult patients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder using the DSM-5 classification system were included. From 1081 articles identified across three databases, sixteen were included for the review. A range of breathwork interventions yielded significant improvements in anxiety symptoms in patients clinically diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The results around the role of hyperventilation in treatment of anxiety were contradictory in few of the examined studies. This evidence-based review supports the clinical utility of breathwork interventions and discusses effective treatment options and protocols that are feasible and accessible to patients suffering anxiety. Current gaps in knowledge for future research directions have also been identified.
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Ferreira MF, Bos SC, Macedo AF. The impact of physical activity on objective sleep of people with insomnia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:115019. [PMID: 36577233 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate if physical activity has a beneficial impact on insomnia. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the terms "Physical activity" and "Insomnia" and 591 records were retrieved. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were followed and fifteen articles were considered eligible for further analysis. Participants were mainly female, between 40 and 60 years; design studies were variable and most studies involved long-term interventions; insomnia definition was mainly based on diagnostic criteria or considered a specific cut-off point of well-known insomnia questionnaires; sleep was mostly assessed with polysomnography (PSG) or actigraphy; physical activity interventions included different methodologies (predominantly treadmill exercise). A beneficial effect of physical activity on insomnia was observed in most studies when sleep was evaluated with PSG or actigraphy. Sleep efficiency was the objective sleep parameter that mainly provided statistically significant results, as expected, followed by sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset and, less frequently, total sleep time. Using objective methods to assess sleep in insomnia might be useful to support subjective insomnia complaints and to evaluate the efficacy of physical activity interventions in ameliorating sleep of people with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Carvalho Bos
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - António Ferreira Macedo
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal
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Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of outdoor green and virtual green exercise during self-paced walking. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 184:39-50. [PMID: 36572348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity in the presence of nature can lead to additional, more distinct mental health benefits such as lower stress and anxiety levels and an overall better psychological state when compared to indoor physical activity. Interestingly, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of green exercise (GE) and virtual green exercise (VGE) on psychological responses are hitherto under-researched. The present study sought to deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of GE and VGE during self-paced walking. Thirty individuals took part in the present study. Two experimental (i.e., GE and VGE) and a control condition (CO) were administered in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Participants were asked to walk for ¼ mile at a pace of their choosing and self-report their psychological states at various timepoints during the exercise trials. Heart rate variability and the brain's electrical activity were monitored continuously throughout the experimental protocol. An accelerometer was used to identify the beginning and end of each step. The results indicate that both experimental manipulations were sufficient to influence the majority of psychological and psychophysiological parameters. The most pronounced effects were identified for GE when compared to CO and VGE. VGE was also sufficient to evoke positive emotions and partially reallocate attention externally, although such effects were less pronounced than those observed for GE. The brain mechanisms underlying the abovementioned psychophysiological responses may be associated with significant changes in theta activity throughout the cerebral cortex as well as increased connectivity in the frontal and parietal areas.
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Remilly M, Mauvieux B, Drigny J. Personality Traits Associated with the Risk of Exercise Dependence in Ultraendurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1042. [PMID: 36673797 PMCID: PMC9858902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exercise dependence (ED) is common in endurance athletes and can lead to physical and psychological distress with various health effects. We designed a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate the personality traits associated with ED among ultraendurance athletes. A total of 507 participants (41.6 (9.8) years, men: 73.7%) completed (1) a screening questionnaire about sociodemographic data, sporting habits, and healthcare data, (2) the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R, 21 items scored from 1 (never) to 6 (always), 7 subscales), (3) the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and (4) 2 items of the SCOFF (Sick-Control-One Stone-Fat-Food) questionnaire regarding possible eating disorders. Based on the EDS-R scores, 37 (7.3%) participants were at risk for ED (scores ≥ 5/6 on ≥3 subscales), 366 (72.2%) were nondependent but symptomatic (scores ≥ 3/6 on ≥3 subscales), and 104 (20.5%) were asymptomatic. Participants with ED had a greater training volume and a higher prevalence of possible eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was associated with increased EDS-R scores (r = 0.294; p < 0.001), with significantly higher scores in the ED group (F = 14.50, p < 0.001). The association between neuroticism and ED was not moderated by the presence of eating disorders. These findings will help to screen ultraendurance athletes at risk for ED and optimize their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Remilly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Service de Médecine du Sport, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoit Mauvieux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie University, Service de Médecine du Sport, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
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Yu S, Chen Z, Wu X. The Impact of Wearable Devices on Physical Activity for Chronic Disease Patients: Findings from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20010887. [PMID: 36613207 PMCID: PMC9820171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable devices are shown to be an advanced tool for chronic disease management, but their impacts on physical activity remain uninvestigated. This study aims to examine the effect of wearable devices on physical activity in general people and chronic patients. METHODS Our sample was from the third cycle of the fifth iteration of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which includes a total of 5438 residents. Genetic matching was used to evaluate the effect of wearable devices on physical activity in different populations. RESULTS (1) Both using wearable devices and using them with high frequency will improve physical activity for the whole population. (2) Wearable devices may have greater positive effects on physical activity for chronic patients. (3) Especially in patients with hypertension, high-frequency use of wearable devices can significantly improve the duration and frequency of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Wearable devices lead to more physical activity, and the benefit is more noticeable for chronic patients, particularly those with hypertension.
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Baskerville R, McGrath T, Castell L. The effects of physical activity on glutamate neurotransmission in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1147384. [PMID: 36949894 PMCID: PMC10025343 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an effective way of increasing cognitive and emotional health and counteracting many psychiatric conditions. Numerous neurobiological models for depression have emerged in the past 30 years but many struggle to incorporate the effects of exercise. The hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) containing predominantly glutamate neurotransmission, are the centres of changes seen in depression. There is therefore increasing interest in glutamatergic systems which offers new paradigms of understanding mechanisms connecting physical activity, stress, inflammation and depression, not explained by the serotonin theories of depression. Similar hippocampal glutamate dysfunction is observed in many other neuropsychiatric conditions. Excitatory glutamate neurones have high functionality, but also high ATP requirements and are therefore vulnerable to glucocorticoid or pro-inflammatory stress that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, with synaptic loss, culminating in depressed mood and cognition. Exercise improves mitochondrial function, angiogenesis and synaptogenesis. Within the glutamate hypothesis of depression, the mechanisms of stress and inflammation have been extensively researched, but PA as a mitigator is less understood. This review examines the glutamatergic mechanisms underlying depression and the evidence of physical activity interventions within this framework. A dynamic glutamate-based homeostatic model is suggested whereby stress, neuroinflammation and PA form counterbalancing influences on hippocampal cell functionality, which manifests as depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions when homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baskerville
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Richard Baskerville
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Bonar EE, Chapman L, Pagoto S, Tan CY, Duval ER, McAfee J, Collins RL, Walton MA. Social media interventions addressing physical activity among emerging adults who use cannabis: A pilot trial of feasibility and acceptability. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 242:109693. [PMID: 36442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use is common among emerging adults (ages 18-25), yet few prevention interventions have targeted this unique developmental period. Physical activity (PA) is an under-utilized intervention target for cannabis use, despite research showing its potential utility. Based on prior promising social media-delivered interventions targeting cannabis and PA separately, we developed and piloted, in a randomized controlled feasibility trial (NCT04901910), interventions for emerging adults who use cannabis that focused on PA. PROCEDURES Using social media, we recruited 60 emerging adults (Mean age=21.7 years; 63.3% female sex) who used cannabis (>=3 times/week for the past month) and could engage in PA. We randomized participants into one of 3 conditions (PA-Only; PA+Cannabis, Attention-Control) that each lasted 8 weeks and were delivered in secret Facebook groups by health coaches. We collected follow-up data at 3- and 6-months post-group start. Outcomes are presented descriptively given the pilot nature and limited sample size. RESULTS The interventions were rated favorably, with ratings of the content in each condition averaging around 3 on a 5-point scale. Both intervention groups demonstrated larger reductions in cannabis consequences and cannabis-impaired driving over time than the control condition. Findings were mixed regarding patterns of change in cannabis use in the intervention conditions. Proportions of group members reporting increased PA ranged from 38.9% to 80.0% across time. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting PA and delivered via social media to emerging adults who regularly use cannabis offer a novel intervention target. These interventions warrant future investigation in larger trials over a longer follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lyndsay Chapman
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Chiu Yi Tan
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jenna McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, 325. E. Eisenhower Parkway, Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - R Lorraine Collins
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. An Ontological, Anthropological, and Psychoanalytic Perspective on Physician Burnout. Cureus 2023; 15:e34282. [PMID: 36855502 PMCID: PMC9968505 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-industrialization, societies have evolved with profound changes in ways of life. However, it was not until just recently that the overall impact of its deleterious and pernicious effects has been widely recognized, studied, and accepted. In the last few years, increased rates of stress and burnout (BO) not only affect clinicians, personally, but health care systems across the nation. The understanding of BO in the realm of current nosological limitations lacks context and is often unrecognized given the stigma associated with mental illness. However, the emerging data regarding this syndrome is highly concerning. Its impact on professionals and leaders across various disciplines is puzzling and underscores the nature and extent of the problem. A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted from the date of inception until June 2022 using the keywords Burnout", "Mental Health"," Physicians", "Addiction", "Health Care Workers", "Anthropology", "Psychopathology", Philosophy", "Wellness". The search resulted in the identification of 135 articles; 56 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. Post-pandemic BO has reached distressing levels. BO remains poorly understood highly complex and has multifactorial etiology which is now included in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as an occupational phenomenon. Besides being linked with known factors such as long work hours, administrative burdens, and a lack of control over one's work environment there are many confounders. It is a serious issue that can have negative consequences for both the physician and the patient, and therefore mitigation strategies are needed. The awareness of these unmanifested conflicts, mindfulness training, limiting addictive habits, and efforts toward wellness may provide some alternative solutions. Lastly, developing a coherent philosophy may be useful for distress tolerance, dealing with ambiguity related to the profession, and paving the way to a more meaningful life.
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Park HJ, Rhie SJ, Shim I. Regulatory role of cytokines on etiology of depression in animal models: their biological mechanisms and clinical implication with physical exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:344-349. [PMID: 36684530 PMCID: PMC9816612 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244506.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that chronic psychological or physical stress elicits depressive behaviors (learned helplessness, anhedonia, anxiety, etc.) and also activates to release proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. Especially, postmenopausal women under stress condition exacerbates neuroimmune systems and mood disorder. Repeated restraint stress in the ovariectomized female rats poses an immune challenge which was capable of inducing depressive-like behaviors, promoting exaggerated corticosterone responses and changing the proinflammatory cytokine expression such as interleukin (IL)-1β in the brain. Also, anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 are known to regulate inflammation caused by immune response or stress challenge. Furthermore, some studies reported that physical activity can reduce stress hormones and improve personal immunity. Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety, and with improved physical health, immunological function, and psychological well-being. This paper aims to discuss an overview of how stress shapes neuroimmune response and diverse roles of cytokines in animals models, acting on depressive-like behavioral changes; some beneficial aspects of exercise on stress-related disorders are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Sung Ja Rhie
- Department of Beauty Design, Halla University, Wonju,
Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea,Corresponding author: Insop Shim, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea,
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Khazaie H, Norouzi E, Rezaie L, Safari-Faramani R. Effect of physical activity on sleep quality in patients with major depression disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yu Q, Wong KK, Lei OK, Nie J, Shi Q, Zou L, Kong Z. Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 36308622 PMCID: PMC9617247 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of exercise interventions in the treatment of mental health disorders is well known, but research is lacking on the most efficient exercise type for specific mental health disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of various exercise types in the treatment of mental health disorders. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as well as Google Scholar were searched up to December 2021. We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses as well as meta-regression analyses for mental health disorders in general and each type of mental health disorder, with alterations in symptom severity as the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 6456 participants from 117 randomized controlled trials were surveyed. The multimodal exercise (71%) had the highest probability of being the most efficient exercise for relieving depressive symptoms. While resistance exercise (60%) was more likely to be the most effective treatment for anxiety disorder, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) benefited more from mind-body exercise (52%). Furthermore, resistance exercise (31%) and multimodal exercise (37%) had more beneficial effects in the treatment of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. The length of intervention and exercise frequency independently moderated the effects of mind-body exercise on depressive (coefficient = 0.14, p = .03) and negative schizophrenia (coefficient = 0.96, p = .04) symptoms. CONCLUSION Multimodal exercise ranked best for treating depressive and negative schizophrenic symptoms, while resistance exercise seemed to be more beneficial for those with anxiety-related and positive schizophrenic symptoms. Mind-body exercise was recommended as the most promising exercise type in the treatment of PTSD. However, the findings should be treated with caution due to potential risk of bias in at least one dimension of assessment and low-to-moderate certainty of evidence. Trial Registration This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022310237).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ka-Kit Wong
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - On-Kei Lei
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Liye Zou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Smith L, Shin JI, Haro JM, Jacob L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Oh H, Carvalho AF, Barnett Y, Butler L, Koyanagi A. Physical multimorbidity and wish to die among adults aged ≥65 years: A cross-sectional analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:263-269. [PMID: 35764230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions) may induce feelings of wish to die (WTD), but there is limited literature on this topic, while the mediators in this association are largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate this association and its mediators among older Irish adults. METHODS Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from Wave 1 of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing 2009-2011 were analyzed. Information on self-reported lifetime diagnosis of 14 chronic physical conditions were obtained. WTD was defined as answering affirmatively to the question "In the last month, have you felt that you would rather be dead?" Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Data on 2941 adults aged ≥65 years [mean (SD) age 73.2 (5.2) years; 45.0 % males] were analyzed. Physical multimorbidity was associated with 3.39 (95%CI 1.58, 7.28) times higher odds for WTD. This association was largely explained by pain (% mediated 28.1 %), followed by depression (19.4 %), sleep problems (18.4 %), perceived stress (13.0 %), loneliness (10.4 %), anxiety (8.1 %), and disability (7.2 %). CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity was associated with increased odds for WTD among Irish older adults. Addressing the identified mediators may contribute to reducing feelings of WTD among older adults with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 8044, 120-752 Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT15 1ED, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091713. [PMID: 36141325 PMCID: PMC9498563 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized since the 1960s that the etiology of schizophrenia is linked to dopamine. In the intervening 60 years, sophisticated brain imaging techniques, genetic/epigenetic advances, and new experimental animal models of schizophrenia have transformed schizophrenia research. The disease is now conceptualized as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder expressed phenotypically in four symptom domains: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective. The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to review recent research into schizophrenia etiology, (b) to review papers that elicited subjective evidence from patients as to triggers and repressors of symptoms such as auditory hallucinations or paranoid thoughts, and (c) to address the potential role of dopamine in schizophrenia in general and, in particular, in the fluctuations in schizophrenia symptoms. The review also includes new discoveries in schizophrenia research, pointing to the involvement of both striatal neurons and glia, signaling pathway convergence, and the role of stress. It also addresses potential therapeutic implications. We conclude with the hope that this paper opens up novel avenues of research and new possibilities for treatment.
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Gorrell S, Shott ME, Frank GK. Associations between aerobic exercise and dopamine-related reward-processing: Informing a model of human exercise engagement. Biol Psychol 2022; 171:108350. [PMID: 35561818 PMCID: PMC9869713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endurance or aerobic exercise has many physical and mental health benefits, but less is known about the specific impact that cardiovascular activity may have on dopamine-associated brain circuits involved in reward processing and mood regulation in humans. Understanding such effects will help to explain individual differences in both exercise uptake and maintenance. This study evaluated neural response to a classical taste-conditioning reward prediction error task with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, along with data on self-reported aerobic exercise among healthy young adult females (N = 111). Results indicated positive associations between reported aerobic exercise and regional brain response that remained significant after multiple comparison correction for the right medial orbital frontal cortex response to unexpected sucrose receipt (r = 0.315, p = .0008). The medial orbitofrontal cortex is implicated in reward and outcome value computation and the results suggest that aerobic exercise may strengthen this circuitry, or reciprocally, higher orbitofrontal cortical activity may reinforce exercise behavior. The findings aid in developing a model of how exercise engagement can modify reward-circuit function and could be used therapeutically in conditions associated with altered brain salience response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Megan E. Shott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Guido K.W. Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
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Silva IA, da Silva Santos AM, Maldonado AJ, de Moura HPDSN, Rossi PAQ, Neves LM, Dos Santos MAP, Machado DCD, Ribeiro SLG, Rossi FE. Detraining and retraining in badminton athletes following 1-year COVID-19 pandemic on psychological and physiological response. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1427-1437. [PMID: 35502298 PMCID: PMC9045036 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Badminton is a racket sport, with fast and explosive movements and mental skills employed to anticipate the opponent’s movements. The COVID-19 pandemic, led to social restriction in Brazil and sport event cancellations, subsequently, sports training was banned. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the impact of long-period detraining due to COVID-19 social restriction (8 months and 1-year) on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, nutritional behavior, and profile of mood states in badminton athletes and to verify if the athletes who returned to their regular training 4 months earlier than athletes who stopped their daily training routine during 1-year would improve these variables. Methods Twenty-three young badminton athletes were analyzed: retrained group (14 athletes who stopped their daily training routine for 8 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic plus 4 months of retraining), and detrained group (9 athletes who stopped their daily training routine during 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic but performed home-based training). We evaluated body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, nutritional behavior, and mood states profiles. Results Retrained athletes showed lower body fat (− 24.1% vs. + 20.8%, p < 0.001) and higher fat-free mass (+ 6.0% vs. − 0.2%, p = 0.007) after 1 year compared with the detrained group. For cardiorespiratory fitness [retrained: baseline = 55.5 ± 5.3 (47.1, 63.9) and after 1 year = 58.1 ± 2.4 (54.2, 61.9), ES = 0.65 vs. detrained: baseline = 53.4 ± 6.7 (47.2, 59.5) and after 1 year = 53.1 ± 5.6 (48.0, 58.3), ES = − 0.03] and nutritional behavior, including sauces and spices [retrained: baseline = 8.9 ± 7.0 (4.5, 13.4), and after 1 year = 3.4 ± 2.9 (1.8, 5.5), ES = − 1.11 vs. detrained: baseline = 6.8 ± 6.7 (1.6, 11.9) and after 1 year = 6.3 ± 5.5 (2.1, 10.6), ES = − 0.08], the ESs were medium and large, respectively, for Retrained but trivial for detrained group. For depression, ES was trivial in the retrained [baseline = 2.7 ± 3.3 (0.7, 4.7) and after 1 year = 2.6 ± 2.9 (0.8, 4.4), ES = 0.03] and moderate for detrained [baseline = 1.0 ± 1.5 (− 0.1, 2.1) and after 1 year = 1.8 ± 2.7 (− 0.3, 3.8), ES = 0.50]. Conclusions Young badminton athletes who returned to their regular daily training 4 months earlier than athletes who stopped their daily training routine during 1-year due to COVID-19 social restriction decreased fat mass and increased fat-free mass. There were no significant differences between groups for cardiorespiratory fitness, nutritional behavior, and profile of mood state response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Almeida Silva
- Postgraduate Student in Science and Health and Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI Brazil
| | - Arilene Maria da Silva Santos
- Postgraduate Student in Science and Health and Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI Brazil
| | - Alberto Jimenez Maldonado
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Helton Pereira Dos Santos Nunes de Moura
- Postgraduate Student in Science and Health and Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI Brazil
| | - Priscila Almeida Queiroz Rossi
- Postgraduate Student in Science and Health and Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, PI Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Pereira Dos Santos
- Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabricio Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Professor at Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), "Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
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Impact of Exercise Training on Depressive Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Critical Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040614. [PMID: 35453813 PMCID: PMC9031941 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients must deal with several health challenges, including emotional distress and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate evidence from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms in cancer patients. METHODS We searched for previous meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, with data inception to 30 December 2021. Two independent researchers assessed the methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Six meta-analyses were integrated. All included middle-aged and older adults. Five presented moderate quality, and one presented low quality. RESULTS Overall, a significant reduction in depressive symptoms was observed among the included studies. However, the heterogeneity between studies was high, and high-quality evidence for the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms was limited. CONCLUSIONS Exercise could be a possibility in the treatment of depressive symptoms in cancer patients, especially when supervised and outside the home. The better dose of exercise needs to be clarified. More high-quality evidence is needed to better prescribe exercise to this vulnerable population.
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Razi O, Tartibian B, Laher I, Govindasamy K, Zamani N, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Suzuki K, Zouhal H. Multimodal Benefits of Exercise in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19. Front Physiol 2022; 13:783251. [PMID: 35492581 PMCID: PMC9048028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.783251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by plaque formation and neuroinflammation. The plaques can present in various locations, causing a variety of clinical symptoms in patients with MS. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is also associated with systemic inflammation and a cytokine storm which can cause plaque formation in several areas of the brain. These concurring events could exacerbate the disease burden of MS. We review the neuro-invasive properties of SARS-CoV-2 and the possible pathways for the entry of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS). Complications due to this viral infection are similar to those occurring in patients with MS. Conditions related to MS which make patients more susceptible to viral infection include inflammatory status, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, function of CNS cells, and plaque formation. There are also psychoneurological and mood disorders associated with both MS and COVID-19 infections. Finally, we discuss the effects of exercise on peripheral and central inflammation, BBB integrity, glia and neural cells, and remyelination. We conclude that moderate exercise training prior or after infection with SARS-CoV-2 can produce health benefits in patients with MS patients, including reduced mortality and improved physical and mental health of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Silvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, Vila Real, Portugal
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, i3S, Porto, Portugal
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Katsuhiko Suzuki, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Katsuhiko Suzuki, ; Hassane Zouhal,
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Reis DJ, Gaddy MA, Chen GJ. Exercise to Reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Veterans. Fed Pract 2022; 39:158-166. [PMID: 35756827 PMCID: PMC9217079 DOI: 10.12788/fp.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise offers benefits for treating psychological disorders, particularly depression. Exercise is associated with reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in civilians. Given the comorbidities and unique trauma experiences of the veteran population, the current work aims to estimate the effect of exercise on PTSD symptoms in veteran samples. OBSERVATIONS A systematic review identified 6 single-arm studies and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using exercise as an interventional treatment among veteran samples with full or subsyndromal PTSD. Most single-arm studies used yoga-based interventions, whereas RCTs showed more variety and included yoga, aerobic activity, and resistance exercises. Data synthesis of study results revealed a medium standardized mean difference for the single-arm trials (Hedges g, -0.60, P = .03) and a small-to-medium standardized mean difference for the RCTs (Hedges g, -0.40, P = .06). Single-arm studies were all rated at serious risk of bias. Only 1 RCT was rated at high risk of bias, although the remaining RCTs showed some concern of elevated bias. CONCLUSIONS There is preliminary evidence that exercise may be a useful treatment option for PTSD symptom reduction in veterans. Our review also highlights the need for additional high-quality randomized trials to confirm the benefits of exercise for PTSD symptom reduction in veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Reis
- Veterans Affairs Dwight D. Eisenhower Medical Center, Leavenworth, Kansas
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Melinda A Gaddy
- Veterans Affairs Dwight D. Eisenhower Medical Center, Leavenworth, Kansas
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City
| | - Guoqing J Chen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City
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Pennington DL, Reavis JV, Cano MT, Walker E, Batki SL. The Impact of Exercise and Virtual Reality Executive Function Training on Cognition Among Heavy Drinking Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:802711. [PMID: 35391785 PMCID: PMC8981916 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.802711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) underlies self-control deficits in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive training is a promising adjunctive treatment targeting TBI- and AUD- related cognitive dysfunction. However, major limitations related to compliance and generalizability in the field of cognitive training exist. Physical activity is associated with enhanced cognitive performance across several executive functions and may enhance the benefits of cognitive training. Virtual reality provides multisensory embodied experiences which are likely to engage brain networks more efficiently than standard cognitive training systems, ultimately resulting in greater near- and far-transfer effects. This pilot study aimed to obtain feasibility data and a preliminary assessment of an enriched virtual reality (VR) EF training (EFT) intervention combined with exercise (NCT03786276). Using an 8-week randomized adaptive design study, 30 AUD treatment seeking U.S. Veterans completed nine sessions of exercise-only (n = 15) or gameplay control (n = 15) over 3 weeks, followed by a week-4 repeat assessment in Phase 1. Twenty-three participants completed and moved onto Phase II, where they completed up to nine sessions of VR-EFT plus exercise and completed a week-8 end-of-study assessment. Primary outcomes included feasibility to retain participants, usability, and satisfaction of using VR-EFT. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included within group assessment of change in cognitive function, alcohol use, alcohol craving, and post-concussive symptoms among the three treatment conditions.VR-EFT was feasible with moderate usability and high acceptability ratings.The most common VR-related adverse effect was motion sickness (n = 2/16, 12.5%). The VR-EFT condition was associated with significant improvement in inhibition-switching and visual scanning (both p < 0.05) during Phase II. Exercise-only was associated with significant improvements in cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, reductions in alcohol craving, and number of standard alcohol drinks per week (all p ≤ 0.05). The gaming-control condition was associated with improvement in cognitive flexibility and visuospatial immediate recall (both p < 0.05) during Phase 1. Recruitment and retention of U.S. veterans with AUD and TBI into an exercise plus VR-EFT intervention is feasible, but technological barriers may impact usability. VR-EFT was associated with improvement in executive function domains that were targeted in as little as 3-week and nine sessions of VR-EFT exposure. Results are promising and indicate the need for a larger controlled investigation to assess the efficacy of VR-EFT to enhance treatment outcomes among AUD treatment-seeking U.S. veterans with co-occurring AUD and TBI. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03786276.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jill V. Reavis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Monique T. Cano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven L. Batki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
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Varela AJ, Melvin A. The theatre of depression: a role for physical therapy. Physiother Theory Pract 2022:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Varela
- School of Physical Therapy, Arkansas College of Health Education, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Ann Melvin
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Guo Y, Li Y, Yu C, Xu H, Hong YA, Wang X, Zhang N, Zeng Y, Monroe-Wise A, Li L, Liu C, Cai W, Lin A. Long-term effects of a social media-based intervention, Run4Love, on depressive symptoms of people living with HIV: Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e36809. [PMID: 35763324 PMCID: PMC9277532 DOI: 10.2196/36809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging studies have shown the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among people living with HIV. Most of these studies included only short-term follow-up, with limited data on long-term effects. Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial called Run4Love on depressive symptoms among people living with HIV at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Methods A total of 300 people living with HIV with depressive symptoms were recruited and randomized to an intervention or a control group in Guangzhou, China, from September 2017 to January 2018. The intervention group received a 3-month Run4Love program, including adapted evidence-based cognitive behavioral stress management courses and exercise promotion via WeChat (Tencent), a popular social media app. The control group received usual care and a brochure on nutrition. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptoms, measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. Data used in this study were collected at baseline and at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the group differences at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Results Approximately half of the participants completed the assessment at 1-year (149/300, 49.7%) and 3-year (177/300, 59%) follow-ups. At 1-year follow-up, participants in the intervention group reported significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with the control group (CES-D: from 23.9 to 18.1 in the intervention group vs from 24.3 to 23.3 in the control group; mean −4.79, SD 13.56; 95% CI −7.78 to −1.81; P=.002). At 3-year follow-up, between-group difference in CES-D remained statistically significant (from 23.9 to 20.5 in the intervention group vs from 24.3 to 24.4 in the control group; mean −3.63, SD 13.35; 95% CI −6.71 to −0.54; P=.02). No adverse events were reported during the 3-year follow-up period. Conclusions The mHealth intervention, Run4Love, significantly reduced depressive symptoms among people living with HIV, and the intervention effects were sustained at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the long-term effects of mHealth interventions such as Run4Love and to implement these effective interventions among people living with HIV. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-17012606; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-IPR-17012606 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/10274
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Yingqi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanchuan Yu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Alicia Hong
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanxiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aliza Monroe-Wise
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Service and Management, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
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76
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Bichler CS, Niedermeier M, Hüfner K, Gálffy M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Kopp M. Affective Responses to Both Climbing and Nordic Walking Exercise Are Associated With Intermediate-Term Increases in Physical Activity in Patients With Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - A Randomized Longitudinal Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856730. [PMID: 35757205 PMCID: PMC9218791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise programs have shown anxiolytic effects in psychiatric patients. Adherence to exercise programs and subsequent long-term lifestyle change is influenced by acute affective responses of the exercise programs. This research aimed to assess acute affective responses of two different exercise modalities compared to a non-exercise control program and its effects on persisting physical activity behavior change. METHODS Sixty-six outpatients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder were randomly allocated to one of three groups in a randomized longitudinal controlled clinical pilot trial: climbing (n = 26), nordic walking (n = 19), social contact control (n = 21). Affective responses were assessed pre, during, and post activity. General physical activity behavior was recorded prior to participation in the program, post program, and at follow-ups three and six months after the program. RESULTS Multilevel modeling analyzes of 1,066 individual data points revealed increases in affective valence in the exercise sessions compared to the social contact sessions. State anxiety decreased in the climbing group compared to the social contact group. Physical activity behavior was increased immediately following the program as well as at six months follow-up in both exercise groups. A larger increase in affective valence during and after the sessions was associated with higher physical activity post program. CONCLUSIONS Climbing and conventional nordic walking exercise sessions revealed positive affective changes in outpatients indicating therapeutic potential of both modalities for acute emotion regulation. In accordance with theoretical models of human behavior change, it was judged that the experience of a more pleasant affective state following the exercise sessions induced more persisting effects on physical activity behavior after the exercise programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03758599, identifier: NCT03758599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina S Bichler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mátyás Gálffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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77
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Kreppke JN, Cody R, Faude O, Gerber M. [Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness]. PRAXIS 2022; 110:200-204. [PMID: 35291865 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness Abstract. Sports and exercise therapy is an effective complemant in the treatment of major depression. The recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of intensive physical activity per week should be met to achieve positive effects of physical activity. In addition, individual needs and the physical health conditions must be considered in the planning and implementation, so that exercise will be enjoyed in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Robyn Cody
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Oliver Faude
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Markus Gerber
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
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78
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Long Z, Liu G, Xiao Z, Gao P. Improvement of Emotional Response to Negative Stimulations With Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise. Front Psychol 2021; 12:656598. [PMID: 34276479 PMCID: PMC8280290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that physical exercises (PEs) not only are good for fitness but also contribute to mental health and well-being. The positive influence of PEs on emotion has become a topic of much excitement. However, a quantitative study is required to discuss the effect of short-term moderate-intensity PE on the emotional response by using electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry. The experiments, including 20-min moderate-intensity cycling and EEG data acquisition with picture-induced emotion assessment protocol, were designed in this paper. The experiment procedure consists of two emotion assessment sessions, each of which contains 24 pictures. About 80 participants were randomly allocated into the exercise group and the control group. Participants in the exercise group were instructed to have a 20-min moderate-intensity cycling after the first assessment session, then rested until their heart rates recovered to baselines and their emotional states were assessed again in the second session. The control group only had a 20-min break without the cycling exercise between the two sessions. It was observed that, in the control group, the EEG asymmetry had no significant difference in these two assessment sessions for both positive and negative stimulations. However, in the exercise group, the difference of the EEG asymmetry before and after PE was significant only in response to negative stimulations. Further, the in-depth analysis of EEG asymmetry index changes of individual participants shows that the short-term moderate-intensity PE has a positive impact in response to negative stimulations. The proposed experiments show that the negative emotional experience can be reduced by the moderate-intensity PE and support the hypothesis that the moderate-intensity PE is good at improving emotional response to negative stimulations. This study provides the evidence of positive effects of PE in the domain of emotion regulation with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengji Long
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangyan Xiao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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79
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Gaitán JM, Moon HY, Stremlau M, Dubal DB, Cook DB, Okonkwo OC, van Praag H. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660181. [PMID: 34093436 PMCID: PMC8173166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses are lacking. To begin to address this issue, we utilized blood samples of 23 asymptomatic late middle-aged adults, with familial and genetic risk for AD (mean age 65 years old, 50% female) who underwent 26 weeks of supervised treadmill training. Systemic biomarkers implicated in learning and memory, including the myokine Cathepsin B (CTSB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and klotho, as well as metabolomics were evaluated. Here we show that aerobic exercise training increases plasma CTSB and that changes in CTSB, but not BDNF or klotho, correlate with cognitive performance. BDNF levels decreased with exercise training. Klotho levels were unchanged by training, but closely associated with change in VO2peak. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs), reductions in ceramides, sphingo- and phospholipids, as well as changes in gut microbiome metabolites and redox homeostasis, with exercise. Multiple metabolites (~30%) correlated with changes in BDNF, but not CSTB or klotho. The positive association between CTSB and cognition, and the modulation of lipid metabolites implicated in dementia, support the beneficial effects of exercise training on brain function. Overall, our analyses indicate metabolic regulation of exercise-induced plasma BDNF changes and provide evidence that CTSB is a marker of cognitive changes in late middle-aged adults at risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew Stremlau
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, United States
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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80
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Nedic Erjavec G, Nikolac Perkovic M, Tudor L, Uzun S, Kovacic Petrovic Z, Konjevod M, Sagud M, Kozumplik O, Svob Strac D, Peraica T, Mimica N, Havelka Mestrovic A, Zilic D, Pivac N. Moderating Effects of BDNF Genetic Variants and Smoking on Cognition in PTSD Veterans. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050641. [PMID: 33926045 PMCID: PMC8146493 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently associated with cognitive disturbances and high prevalence of smoking. This study evaluated cognition in war veterans with PTSD and control subjects, controlled for the effect of smoking and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 and rs56164415 genotypes/alleles. Study included 643 male war veterans with combat related PTSD and 120 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by real time PCR. Cognitive disturbances were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) cognition subscale and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test scores. Diagnosis (p < 0.001), BDNF rs56164415 (p = 0.011) and smoking (p = 0.028) were significant predictors of the cognitive decline in subjects with PTSD. BDNF rs56164415 T alleles were more frequently found in subjects with PTSD, smokers and non-smokers, with impaired cognition, i.e., with the higher PANSS cognition subscale scores and with the lower ROCF immediate recall test scores. Presence of one or two BDNF rs56164415 T alleles was related to cognitive decline in PTSD. The T allele carriers with PTSD had advanced cognitive deterioration in smokers and nonsmokers with PTSD, and worse short-term visual memory function. Our findings emphasize the role of the BDNF rs56164415 T allele and smoking in cognitive dysfunction in war veterans with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (Z.K.P.); (O.K.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrnka Kovacic Petrovic
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (Z.K.P.); (O.K.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, The University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (Z.K.P.); (O.K.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Tina Peraica
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (Z.K.P.); (O.K.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | | | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (L.T.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-145-712-07
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81
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Yao L, Fang H, Leng W, Li J, Chang J. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Health in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:748257. [PMID: 34867538 PMCID: PMC8634786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The recommendation of exercise programs in the senior population may benefit inactive and sedentary individuals and improve and help to treat specific health conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published evidence from RCT studies of aerobic exercise interventions for mental health in older adults over the last 20 years. Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and ProQuest. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The subjects of these studies were aged 60 years or older and had various physical health statuses. In 15 studies, the mean effect size for the experimental outcome was 0.56 ± 0.39 (95%CI: 0.36-0.76). One-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in the intervention duration [F (2,15) = 0.919, p = 0.420], subject category [F (2,15) = 0.046, p = 0.955], or measurement category [F (3,14) = 0.967, p = 0.436]. However, there were significant differences in exercise frequencies [F (2,15) = 6.03, p = 0.012]. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving the mental health of adults aged 60 years and older. The intervention effect can be achieved regardless of the type of subject and the duration of the intervention. Further, the present study indicates that low-frequency, long-term and regular aerobic exercise is more effective for older adults. Therefore, we recommend that older adults to exercise at a low frequency depending on their physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanliu Fang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanchun Leng
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Ministry of Sports, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Jindong Chang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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