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Elkanzi NAA, Hrichi H, Bakr RB. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and molecular docking studies of novel chalcones and Schiff bases bearing 1, 4-naphthoquinone moiety. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666211228091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The 1,4-naphthoquinone ring has attracted prominent interest in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its potent pharmacological activity as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer.
Objective:
Herein, a series of new Schiff bases (4-6) and chalcones (8a-c & 9a-d) bearing 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety were synthesized in good yields and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and molecular docking testing.
Methods:
A facile protocol has been described in this study for the synthesis of new derivatives (4-7, 8a-c, and 9a-d) bearing 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety. The chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Moreover, these derivatives were assessed for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains. Further studies were conducted to test their antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay. Molecular docking studies were realized to identify the most likely interactions of the novel compounds within the protein receptor.
Results:
The antimicrobial results showed that most of the compounds displayed good efficacy against both bacterial and fungal strains. The antioxidant study revealed that compounds 9d, 9a, 9b, 8c, and 6 exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Docking studies of the most active antimicrobial compounds within GLN- 6-P, recorded good scores with several binding interactions with the active sites.
Conclusion:
Based on the obtained results, it was found that compounds 8b, 9b, and 9c displayed the highest activity against both bacterial and fungal strains. The obtained findings from the DPPH radical scavenging method revealed that compounds 9d and 9a exhibited the strongest scavenging potential. The molecular docking studies proved that the most active antimicrobial compounds 8b, 9b and 9c displayed the highest energy binding scores within the glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlcN-6-P) active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, P.O. box 81528, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Hajer Hrichi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Ngo K, Castillo P, Laine RA, Sun Q. Effects of Menadione on Survival, Feeding, and Tunneling Activity of the Formosan Subterranean Termite. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121109. [PMID: 34940197 PMCID: PMC8707845 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a highly destructive pest and a cosmopolitan invasive species. Sustainable termite management methods have been improving with the search for novel insecticides that are effective, safe, and cost efficient. Menadione, also known as vitamin K3, is a synthetic analogue and biosynthetic precursor of vitamin K with low mammalian toxicity. Menadione has shown insecticidal activity in several insects, presumably due to interference with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about its effectiveness against termites. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. Our results showed that menadione affected the survival and feeding activity of termites both in filter paper and substrate (sand) treatments, and menadione influenced termite tunneling activity in treated sand. In a no-choice assay, ≥90% mortality after seven days and minimal or no food consumption were recorded when sand was treated with menadione at 6 to 600 ppm. In a two-choice assay with a combination of treated and untreated sand, termites were deterred by menadione at 6 to 600 ppm and exhibited low mortality (≤30%) over seven days, while tunneling activity was prevented with 60 to 600 ppm of menadione treatment. Overall, our study demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. The potential use of menadione as an alternative termite control agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Ngo
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Paula Castillo
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Roger A. Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence: (R.A.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.L.); (Q.S.)
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Li N, Lewandowski RP, Sidhu D, Holz C, Jackson-Humbles D, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Akbari P, Cho AK, Harkema JR, Froines JR, Wagner JG. Combined adjuvant effects of ambient vapor-phase organic components and particulate matter potently promote allergic sensitization and Th2-skewing cytokine and chemokine milieux in mice: The importance of mechanistic multi-pollutant research. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:21-32. [PMID: 34863859 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is linked to asthma, the health effects of co-existing vapor-phase organic pollutants (vapor) and their combined effects with PM on this disease are poorly understood. We used a murine asthma model to test the hypothesis that exposure to vapor would enhance allergic sensitization and this effect would be further strengthened by co-existing PM. We found that vapor and PM each individually exerted adjuvant effects on OVA sensitization. Co-exposure to vapor and PM during sensitization further enhanced allergic lung inflammation and OVA-specific antibody production which was accompanied by pulmonary cytokine/chemokine milieu that favored T-helper 2 immunity (i.e. increased IL-4, downregulation of Il12a and Ifng, and upregulation of Ccl11 and Ccl8). TNFα, IL-6, Ccl12, Cxcl1 and detoxification/antioxidant enzyme responses in the lung were pollutant-dependent. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 secretion from primary antigen-presenting dendritic cells correlated positively with vapor's oxidant potential. In conclusion, concurrent exposure to vapor and PM led to significantly exaggerated adjuvant effects on allergic lung inflammation which were more potent than that of each pollutant type alone. These findings suggest that the effects of multi-component air pollution on asthma may be significantly underestimated if research only focuses on a single air pollutant (e.g., PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Ryan P Lewandowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Damansher Sidhu
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carine Holz
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arthur K Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John R Froines
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Redox ticklers and beyond: Naphthoquinone repository in the spotlight against inflammation and associated maladies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105968. [PMID: 34752922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status has been considered as a focal point for the pathogenesis of multiple disorders. High and persistent levels of free radicals kick off inflammation and associated disorders. Though oxidative stress at high levels is harmful but at low levels it has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. Therefore, cytoprotection by perturbation in cellular redox balance is a leading strategy for therapeutic interventions. Prooxidants are potent redox modifiers that generate mild oxidative stress leading to a spectrum of bioactivities. Naphthoquinones are a group of highly reactive organic chemical species that interact with biological systems owing to their prooxidants nature. Owing to the ability of naphthoquinones and its derivatives to perturb redox balance in a cell and modulate redox signaling, they have been in epicenter of drug development for plausible utilization in multiple clinical settings. The present review highlights the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural derivatives (plumbagin, juglone, lawsone, menadione, lapachol and β-lapachone) as redox modifiers with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial activities for implication in therapeutic settings.
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Cysticidal effect of a pure naphthoquinone on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3783-3794. [PMID: 34549347 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a disease caused by the metacestode of the parasite Taenia solium (T. solium). In humans, the most severe complication of the disease is neurocysticercosis. The drug of choice to treat this disease is albendazole; however, the bioavailability and efficacy of the drug are variable. Therefore, new molecules with therapeutic effects against this and other parasitic infections caused by helminths must be developed. Naphthoquinones are naphthalene-derived compounds that possess antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, and antiparasitic properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro anti-helminthic effect of 2-[(3-chlorophenylamino)phenylmethyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from a natural source and then synthesized (naphthoquinone 4a), using an experimental model of murine cysticercosis caused by Taenia crassiceps (T. crassiceps). This compound causes paralysis in the cysticerci membrane from day 3 of the in vitro treatment. Additionally, it induces changes in the shape, size, and appearance of the cysticerci and a decrease in the reproduction rate. In conclusion, naphthoquinone 4a has in vitro cysticidal activity on T. crassiceps cysticerci depending on the duration of the treatment and the concentration of the compound. Therefore, it is a promising drug candidate to be used in T. crassiceps and possibly T. solium infections.
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Identification and Quantification of Naphthoquinones and Other Phenolic Compounds in Leaves, Petioles, Bark, Roots, and Buds of Juglans regia L., Using HPLC-MS/MS. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7090326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds in different Juglans regia L. (common walnut) tissues (leaves, petioles, bark, roots, buds), to define the compositions and contents of phenolic compounds between these tissues. A total of 91 individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, which comprised 8 hydroxycinnamic acids, 28 hydroxybenzoic acids, 11 flavanols, 20 flavonols, 22 napthoquinones, and 2 coumarins. Naphthoquinones were the major phenolic group in leaves, petioles, bark, and buds, as >60% of those identified, while hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic group in side roots, as ~50% of those identified. The highest content of phenolic compounds was in the J. regia main root, followed by side roots and buds, leaves, and 1-year-old bark; the lowest content was in petioles and 2-year-old bark. Leaves, roots, and buds of J. regia represent a valuable source of these agro-residues.
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57
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Abiko Y, Kurosawa K, Yamakawa H, Kumagai Y. Activation of PTP1B/EGFR signaling and cytotoxicity during combined exposure to ambient electrophiles in A431 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:177-185. [PMID: 33814511 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of the thiol group on protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B triggers an activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling that is mimicked by environmental electrophiles through S-modification of PTP1B. While activation of PTP1B/EGFR by a single exposure to an electrophile has been established, the effects of combined exposure to electrophiles are unknown. Here, we examined the activation of EGFR signaling by combined exposure to ambient electrophiles in human epithelial carcinoma A431 cells. Simultaneous exposure to 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) augmented the S-modification of endogenous and recombinant human PTP1B (hPTP1B). Combined exposure of hPTP1B or A431 cells to 1,2- and 1,4-NQ escalated the inactivation of PTP compared with individual exposure. Phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 by 1,2-NQ exposure was facilitated by simultaneous exposure to 1,2-NQ with 10 µM 1,4-NQ. An EGFR inhibitor diminished the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, indicating that ERK was phosphorylated following EGFR activation by the NQ cocktail. The combined exposure to NQs also accelerated cell death in A431 cells compared with each NQ alone. While no EGFR/ERK activation was seen following 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) treatment, exposure to 1,4-NQ in the presence of 1,4-BQ increased 1,4-NQ-mediated activation of EGFR. This suggests that the enhancement of 1,4-NQ-dependent EGFR activation by 1,4-BQ is caused by a different mechanism than 1,2-NQ with 1,4-NQ. These results suggest that combined exposure to ambient electrophiles, even at low concentrations, can induce stronger activation of redox signaling than individual exposure. Our findings indicate that combining different electrophiles may produce unexpected effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kohki Kurosawa
- Master's Program of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiroto Yamakawa
- Master's Program of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.,Master's Program of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Sun S, Xu W, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ma Q, Xu J. Menadione inhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 via arylation at the Sec 498 residue and enhances both NADPH oxidation and superoxide production in Sec 498 to Cys 498 substitution. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:482-489. [PMID: 34186208 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1; TXNRD1) participates in multiple cellular processes and is regarded as a cellular target in anti-tumor drug discovery and development. TrxR1 has been reported to reduce menadione to menadiol and to produce superoxide anion radicals. However, the details of TrxR1-mediated menadione reduction have rarely been studied. In this study, we found that wild-type TrxR1 could reduce menadione in a less efficient way, but the U498C mutant variant supported high-efficiency menadione reduction in a Sec-independent manner. Meanwhile, the site-directed mutagenesis results showed that Cys64 mutant increased the Km values and decreased the catalytic efficiency, which was associated with a charge-transfer complex between FAD-Cys64. Mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that in NADPH pre-reduced TrxR1 but not oxidized TrxR1, the highly active Sec498 of wild-type TrxR1 was arylated by menadione and strongly impaired the DTNB reducing activity in a dose-dependent manner. TrxR1 reduced menadione more efficiently than glutathione reductase (GR), and interestingly menadione did not inhibit the GSSG reducing activity of GR. In summary, our results demonstrate that TrxR1 catalyzes the reduction of menadione in a Sec-independent manner, which highly depend on Cys498 instead of N-terminal redox motif, and the Sec498 of TrxR1 is the primary target of menadione. The interaction between menadione and TrxR1 revealed in this study may provide a valuable reference for the development of anticancer drugs targeting selenoprotein TrxR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology (OST) & Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yijia Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
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Dantas-Pereira L, Cunha-Junior EF, Andrade-Neto VV, Bower JF, Jardim GAM, da Silva Júnior EN, Torres-Santos EC, Menna-Barreto RFS. Naphthoquinones and Derivatives for Chemotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of their Anti-trypanosomatids Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1807-1824. [PMID: 33167829 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201109111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, Sleeping sickness and Leishmaniasis, caused by trypanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp., respectively, are considered neglected tropical diseases, and they especially affect impoverished populations in the developing world. The available chemotherapies are very limited, and a search for alternatives is still necessary. In folk medicine, natural naphthoquinones have been employed for the treatment of a great variety of illnesses, including parasitic infections. This review is focused on the anti-trypanosomatid activity and mechanistic analysis of naphthoquinones and derivatives. Among all the series of derivatives tested in vitro, naphthoquinone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles were very active on T. cruzi infective forms in blood bank conditions, as well as in amastigotes of Leishmania spp. naphthoquinones containing a CF3 on a phenyl amine ring inhibited T. brucei proliferation in the nanomolar range, and naphthopterocarpanquinones stood out for their activity on a range of Leishmania species. Some of these compounds showed a promising selectivity index (SI) (30 to 1900), supporting further analysis in animal models. Indeed, high toxicity to the host and inactivation by blood components are crucial obstacles to be overcome to use naphthoquinones and/or their derivatives for chemotherapy. Multidisciplinary initiatives embracing medicinal chemistry, bioinformatics, biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology need to be encouraged to allow the optimization of these compounds. Large scale automated tests are pivotal for the efficiency of the screening step, and subsequent evaluation of both the mechanism of action in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo is essential for the development of a novel, specific and safe derivative, minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edézio F Cunha-Junior
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valter V Andrade-Neto
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Torres-Santos
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ghobadi E, Ghanbarimasir Z, Emami S. A review on the structures and biological activities of anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113669. [PMID: 34218084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the main causal risk factor in the generation of chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric carcinoma. Thus, the eradication of H. pylori infection is an important way for preventing and managing the gastric diseases. Multiple-therapy with several antibacterial agents is used for the eradication of H. pylori infections; however the increase of resistance to H. pylori strains has resulted in unsatisfactory eradication and unsuccessful treatment. Furthermore, the combination therapy with high dosing leads to the disruption of intestinal microbial flora and undesired side effects. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents with high selectivity against H. pylori is a field of current interest. In recent years, diverse compounds originating from natural sources or synthetic drug design programs were evaluated and tried to optimize for applying against H. pylori. In this review, we have described various classes of anti-H. pylori compounds, their structure-activity relationship studies, and mechanism of actions, which could be useful for the development of new drugs for the treatment of H. pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghobadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanbarimasir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Medic A, Jakopic J, Solar A, Hudina M, Veberic R. Walnut ( J. regia) Agro-Residues as a Rich Source of Phenolic Compounds. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:535. [PMID: 34203814 PMCID: PMC8232793 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds (phenolics) in the inner and outer husks, buds and bark of the Persian walnut, Juglans regia L. A comparison across six different cultivars grown in Slovenia was also carried out: 'Fernor', 'Fernette', 'Franquette', 'Sava', 'Krka' and 'Rubina'. A total of 83 compounds were identified, which included 25 naphthoquinones, 15 hydroxycinnamic acids, 8 hydroxybenzoic acids, 13 flavanols, 2 flavones, 1 flavanone and 19 flavonols. For the first time, 38 phenolics in the husks, 57 phenolics in the buds and 29 phenolics in the bark were presented in J. regia within this study. Naphthoquinones were the major phenolics determined, approximately 75% of all analysed phenolics in the inner husk, 85% in the outer husk, 50% in buds and 80% in bark. The highest content of phenolics was found in the walnut buds, followed by the bark, the inner husk and the outer husk. On the basis of these high phenolic contents, walnut husks, buds and bark represented valuable by-products of the walnut tree. These data also show origin-related phenolic contents across the cultivars, and thus these phenolic profiles might serve to define the origins of different walnut cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.J.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (R.V.)
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Erdoğan M, Polat Köse L, Eşsiz S, Gülçin İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 1-naphthol derivatives as antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100113. [PMID: 34080709 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of some naphthol derivatives 4a-f, 5a,f, 6a, and 7a,b (six novel ones: 4c,d, 5a, 6a, 7a,b) bearing F, Cl, Br, OMe, and dioxole substituents at different positions of the aromatic rings was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The naphthol derivatives were synthesized in three steps, namely the addition reaction of furan via Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction, copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate (Cu(OTf)2 )-catalyzed aromatization reaction, and the bromination reaction, respectively. The structures of the newly obtained compounds (4c,d, 5a, 6a, 7a,b) were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, some biological activity studies were investigated under in vitro conditions. Inhibition studies of these compounds were performed on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II isoenzymes purified from human erythrocytes as a biological evaluation. Moreover, their potential antioxidant and antiradical activities were studied by analytical methods like ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging, and it was determined that some molecules showed good activity. Also, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a marker of many degenerative neurological diseases, was tested and the results were discussed. Excellent enzyme inhibition results were recorded for most of the molecules. These 1-naphthol derivatives were found as effective inhibitors for hCA I, hCA II, and AChE with K i values ranging from 0.034 ± 0.54 to 0.724 ± 0.18 µM for hCA I, 0.172 ± 0.02 to 0.562 ± 0.21 µM for hCA II, and 0.096 ± 0.01 to 0.177 ± 0.02 µM for AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Erdoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Leyla Polat Köse
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Eşsiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kaçmaz A. Synthesis of some NH- and NH,S- substituted 1,4-quinones. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:475-484. [PMID: 34104058 PMCID: PMC8164198 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of NH-substituted-1,4-quinones, possessing one, two, three or not chlorine, were synthesized by the reaction between different quinones (p-chloranil (1), p-toluquinone (2), or 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (3)) and (-)-cis-myrtanylamine (5) via nucleophilic reactions. Moreover, 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) was reacted with 2-(methylthio)ethylamine (11) to produce amino-substituted naphthoquinones (12 and 13), bearing with bromine and not bromine. In addition, 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) was reacted with 4′-aminodibenzo-18-crown-6 (14) and 4′-aminobenzo-18-crown-6 (16) to yield crown-containing 1,4-naphthoquinones (15 and 17), respectively. New compounds were characterized, providing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, MS-ESI, UV/Vis and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşecik Kaçmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Turkey
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Sadek SA, Hassanein SS, Mohamed AS, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR. Echinochrome pigment extracted from sea urchin suppress the bacterial activity, inflammation, nociception, and oxidative stress resulted in the inhibition of renal injury in septic rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13729. [PMID: 33871886 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and renoprotective effects of echinochrome pigment extracted from sea urchin. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of echinochrome against four different bacterial strains; Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. While, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced licking, and hot plate latency assays evaluate the analgesic activity. The biochemical and oxidative stress markers of kidneys, as well as the histopathological examination, were measured to evaluate the renoprotective activity of echinochrome for cecal ligation and puncture-induced renal injury in rats. Echinochrome pigment exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all aforementioned bacterial species besides a powerful anti-inflammatory impact in vitro by the effective stabilization of the RBCs membrane and in vivo by decrease levels of serum IL6 and TNF-α. What's more, echinochrome showed a notable analgesic efficacy as well as an enhancement of the kidney's biochemical markers, oxidative stress status, and histopathological screening. Ech attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-induced renal injury by improving renal biomarkers, suppressing reactive oxygen species propagation as well as its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Sea urchins are rich in pharmacologically important quinone pigments, specifically echinochrome. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of echinochrome as a renal protective remedy in sepsis and clarify its biological activities. Echinochrome exhibited antibacterial activity in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Our results revealed that echinochrome protects the kidney against damage caused by sepsis in rats. Echinochrome can use in the treatment of sepsis as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Sadek
- Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Hassanein
- Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Mohamed
- Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amel M Soliman
- Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sohair R Fahmy
- Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
1,2-Naphthoquinone, a secondary metabolite of naphthalene, is an environmental pollutant found in diesel exhaust particles that displays cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. Because many quinones have been shown to act as topoisomerase II poisons, the effects of this compound on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ were examined. The compound increased the levels of double-stranded DNA breaks generated by both enzyme isoforms and did so better than a series of naphthoquinone derivatives. Furthermore, 1,2-naphthoquinone was a more efficacious poison against topoisomerase IIα than IIβ. Topoisomerase II poisons can be classified as interfacial (which interact noncovalently at the enzyme-DNA interface and increase DNA cleavage by blocking ligation) or covalent (which adduct the protein and increase DNA cleavage by closing the N-terminal gate of the enzyme). Therefore, experiments were performed to determine the mechanistic basis for the actions of 1,2-naphthoquinone. In contrast to results with etoposide (an interfacial poison), the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone against topoisomerase IIα was abrogated in the presence of sulfhydryl and reducing agents. Moreover, the compound inhibited cleavage activity when incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA and induced virtually no cleavage with the catalytic core of the enzyme. It also induced stable covalent topoisomerase IIα-DNA cleavage complexes and was a partial inhibitor of DNA ligation. Findings were also consistent with 1,2-naphthoquinone acting as a covalent poison of topoisomerase IIβ; however, mechanistic studies with this isoform were less conclusive. Whereas the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone was blocked in the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent, it was much less sensitive to the presence of a reducing agent. Furthermore, the reduced form of 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, displayed high activity against the β isoform. Taken together, results suggest that 1,2-naphthoquinone increases topoisomerase II-mediated double-stranded DNA scission (at least in part) by acting as a covalent poison of the human type II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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Lima de Albuquerque Y, Berger E, Tomaz S, George C, Géloën A. Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040319. [PMID: 33917485 PMCID: PMC8067501 DOI: 10.3390/life11040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, seven million people died prematurely due to exposure to pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. We investigated the toxic effects of by-products of naphthalene SOA on lung cells. These by-products were 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-OH-NQ), phthalic acid (PA) and phthaldialdehyde (OPA). Two different assessment methodologies were used to monitor the toxic effects: real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and the Holomonitor, a quantitative phase contrast microscope. The chemicals were tested in concentrations of 12.5 to 100 µM for 1,4-NQ and 1 to 10 mM for 2-OH-NQ, PA and OPA. We found that 1,4-NQ is toxic to cells from 25 to 100 µM (EC50: 38.7 µM ± 5.2); 2-OH-NQ is toxic from 1 to 10mM (EC50: 5.3 mM ± 0.6); PA is toxic from 5 to 10 mM (EC50: 5.2 mM ± 0.3) and OPA is toxic from 2.5 to 10 mM (EC50: 4.2 mM ± 0.5). Only 1,4-NQ and OPA affected cell parameters (migration, motility, motility speed and optical volume). Furthermore, 1,4-NQ is the most toxic by-product of naphthalene, with an EC50 value that was one hundred times higher than those of the other compounds. RTCA and Holomonitor analysis showed a complementarity when studying the toxicity induced by chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lima de Albuquerque
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.L.d.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Berger
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.L.d.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (S.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (S.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Alain Géloën
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.L.d.A.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Liposomes containing 3-arylamino-nor-β-lapachone derivative: Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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68
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Plumbagin induces Ishikawa cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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69
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Nakahara K, Hamada K, Tsuchida T, Takasugi N, Abiko Y, Shien K, Toyooka S, Kumagai Y, Uehara T. Covalent N-arylation by the pollutant 1,2-naphthoquinone activates the EGF receptor. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100524. [PMID: 33705793 PMCID: PMC8050034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most intensively investigated receptor tyrosine kinase. Several EGFR mutations and modifications have been shown to lead to abnormal self-activation, which plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Environmental air pollutants, which are associated with cancer and respiratory diseases, can also activate EGFR. Specifically, the environmental electrophile 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), a component of diesel exhaust particles and particulate matter more generally, has previously been shown to impact EGFR signaling. However, the detailed mechanism of 1,2-NQ function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that 1,2-NQ is a novel chemical activator of EGFR but not other EGFR family proteins. We found that 1,2-NQ forms a covalent bond, in a reaction referred to as N-arylation, with Lys80, which is in the ligand-binding domain. This modification activates the EGFR-Akt signaling pathway, which inhibits serum deprivation-induced cell death in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Our study reveals a novel mode of EGFR pathway activation and suggests a link between abnormal EGFR activation and environmental pollutant-associated diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nakahara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Hamada
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tsuchida
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Takasugi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Zhang YY, Ni ZJ, Elam E, Zhang F, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Juglone, a novel activator of ferroptosis, induces cell death in endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:4947-4959. [PMID: 34100505 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent cell death pathway mainly caused by an abnormal redox state and associated with various diseases including cancer. Recently, much attention has been paid to natural compounds that are involved in its activation and inhibition. This is the first ever study to demonstrate the role of juglone isolated from Carya cathayensis green peel in inducing autophagy and inhibiting endometrial cancer (EC) cell migration. Subsequently, Fe2+ accumulation, lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, the upregulation of HMOX1, and heme degradation to Fe2+ were reported. Juglone was involved in inducing autophagy and inhibiting cell migration and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are the new hallmarks of cancer treatment. Collectively, our data indicate that juglone as a functional food ingredient induces the programmed cell death of EC cells by activating oxidative stress and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment and prevention of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Elnur Elam
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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71
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Wu N, Lu B, Chen J, Li X. Size distributions of particle-generated hydroxyl radical (·OH) in surrogate lung fluid (SLF) solution and their potential sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115582. [PMID: 33017744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that increases in ambient particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with elevated occurrence of adverse health outcomes, the understanding of the mechanisms of PM-related health effects is limited by our knowledge of how particle size and composition are altered subsequent to inhalation through respiratory-deposited processing. Here we present a particle-generated hydroxyl radical (·OH) study of the size-resolved particles as particles are inhaled in the human respiratory tract (RT), and we show that accumulation-mode particles are significant factors (71-75%) in ·OH generation of lung-deposited particles using Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model. The ability of PM to catalyze ·OH generation is mainly related to transition metals, particularly towards the upper regions of the RT (75%), and to quinones deeper in the lung (42-46%). Identification of this generation ability induced by chemical composition has shown that four potential sources (biomass burning, incomplete combustion, mobile & industry, and mineral dust) are responsible for ·OH generation. With ·OH-forming ability after PM inhalation implicated as the first step towards revealing the subsequent toxic processes, this work draws a connection between the detailed ·OH chemistry occurring on size-resolved particles and a possible toxicological mechanism based on chemical composition and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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72
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Chang M, Wang H, Niu J, Song Y, Zou Z. Alkannin-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage Synergizes With PARP Inhibition to Cause Cancer-Specific Cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:610205. [PMID: 33519476 PMCID: PMC7844861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncogenic transformation is associated with elevated oxidative stress that promotes tumor progression but also renders cancer cells vulnerable to further oxidative insult. Agents that stimulate ROS generation or suppress antioxidant systems can drive oxidative pressure to toxic levels selectively in tumor cells, resulting in oxidative DNA damage to endanger cancer cell survival. However, DNA damage response signaling protects cancer cells by activating DNA repair and genome maintenance mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of combining the pro-oxidative natural naphthoquinone alkannin with inhibition of DNA repair by PARP inhibitors. Methods and Results: The results showed that sublethal doses of alkannin induced ROS elevation and oxidative DNA damage in colorectal cancer but not normal colon epithelial cells. Blocking DNA repair with the PARP inhibitor olaparib markedly synergized with alkannin to yield synergistic cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells at nontoxic doses of both drugs. Synergy between alkannin and olaparib resulted from interrupted repair of alkannin-induced oxidative DNA damage and PARP-trapping, as it was significantly attenuated by NAC or by OGG1 inhibition and the non-trapping PARP inhibitor veliparib did not yield synergism. Mechanistically, the combination of alkannin and olaparib caused intense replication stress and DNA strand breaks in colorectal cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cancer cell death after G2 arrest. Consequently, coadministration of alkannin and olaparib induced significant regression of tumor xenografts in vivo, while each agent alone had no effect. Conclusion: These studies clearly show that combining alkannin and olaparib can result in synergistic cancer cell lethality at nontoxic doses of the drugs. The combination exploits a cancer vulnerability driven by the intrinsic oxidative pressure in most cancer cells and hence provides a promising strategy to develop broad-spectrum anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Saxena S, Panchagnula S, Sanz ME, Pérez C, Evangelisti L, Pate BH. Structural Changes Induced by Quinones: High-Resolution Microwave Study of 1,4-Naphthoquinone. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2579-2584. [PMID: 32954594 PMCID: PMC7756206 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) is an important product of naphthalene oxidation, and it appears as a motif in many biologically active compounds. We have investigated the structure of 1,4-NQ using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. The rotational spectra of the parent species, and its 13 C and 18 O isotopologues were observed in natural abundance, and their spectroscopic parameters were obtained. This allowed the determination of the substitution rs , mass-weighted rm and semi-experimental reSE structures of 1,4-NQ. The obtained structural parameters show that the quinone moiety mainly changes the structure of the benzene ring where it is inserted, modifying the C-C bonds to having predominantly single or double bond character. Furthermore, the molecular electrostatic surface potential reveals that the quinone ring becomes electron deficient while the benzene ring remains a nucleophile. The most electrophilic areas are the hydrogens attached to the double bond in the quinone ring. Knowledge of the nucleophilic and electrophilic areas in 1,4-NQ will help understanding its behaviour interacting with other molecules and guide modifications to tune its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Saxena
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - M. Eugenia Sanz
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Luca Evangelisti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Brooks H. Pate
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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74
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Abiko Y, Okada M, Aoki H, Mizokawa M, Kumagai Y. A strategy for repression of arsenic toxicity through nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 activation mediated by the (E)-2-alkenals in Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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75
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Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of its Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091397. [PMID: 32932875 PMCID: PMC7565716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Hypoxylon invadens was described in 2014 as a fungicolous species growing on a member of its own genus, H.fragiforme, which is considered a rare lifestyle in the Hypoxylaceae. This renders H.invadens an interesting target in our efforts to find new bioactive secondary metabolites from members of the Xylariales. So far, only volatile organic compounds have been reported from H.invadens, but no investigation of non-volatile compounds had been conducted. Furthermore, a phylogenetic assignment following recent trends in fungal taxonomy via a multiple sequence alignment seemed practical. A culture of H.invadens was thus subjected to submerged cultivation to investigate the produced secondary metabolites, followed by isolation via preparative chromatography and subsequent structure elucidation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). This approach led to the identification of the known flaviolin (1) and 3,3-biflaviolin (2) as the main components, which had never been reported from the order Xylariales before. Assessment of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects via a panel of commonly used microorganisms and cell lines in our laboratory did not yield any effects of relevance. Concurrently, genomic DNA from the fungus was used to construct a multigene phylogeny using ribosomal sequence information from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the 28S large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), and proteinogenic nucleotide sequences from the second largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. A placement in a newly formed clade with H.trugodes was strongly supported in a maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny using sequences derived from well characterized strains, but the exact position of said clade remains unclear. Both, the chemical and the phylogenetic results suggest further inquiries into the lifestyle of this unique fungus to get a better understanding of both, its ecological role and function of its produced secondary metabolites hitherto unique to the Xylariales.
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76
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Kanda H, Kumagai Y. [Redox Signaling and Reactive Sulfur Species to Regulate Electrophilic Stress]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1119-1128. [PMID: 32879244 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various xenobiotic electrophiles on a daily basis. Electrophiles form covalent adducts with nucleophilic residues of proteins. Redox signaling, which consists of effector molecules (e.g., kinases and transcription factors) and redox sensor proteins with low pKa cysteine residues, is involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, quality control of cellular proteins and oxidative stress response. Herein, we showed that at a low dose, xenobiotic electrophiles selectively modified redox sensor proteins through covalent modification of their reactive thiols, resulting in activation of a variety of redox signaling pathways. However, increasing the dose of xenobiotic electrophiles caused non-selective and extensive modification of cellular proteins involved in toxicity. Of interest, reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), cysteine persulfide (CysSSH), glutathione persulfide (GSSH) and even synthetic polysulfide (e.g., Na2S4), readily captured xenobiotic electrophiles, forming their sulfur adducts, which was associated with inactivation of the electrophiles. Our findings suggest that an adaptive response through redox signaling activation and RSS-mediated electrophile capturing is involved in the regulation of electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kanda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of amino alcohol derivatives from 1,4-naphthoquinone. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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78
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Sousa AC, Santos I, Piedade MFMM, Martins LO, Robalo MP. Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones in One‐Pot Reactions Using CotA‐Laccase as Biocatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Iolanda Santos
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. F. M. M. Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Campo Grande 1649-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República 2780-150 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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79
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Yang X, Wu F, Li L, Lynch EC, Xie L, Zhao Y, Fang K, Li J, Luo J, Xu L, Zou X, Lu F, Chen G. Celastrol alleviates metabolic disturbance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through increasing energy expenditure by ameliorating metabolic inflammation. Phytother Res 2020; 35:297-310. [PMID: 32776627 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural triterpene, has been shown to treat obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this study, we first assessed the relationship between the antiobesity effects of celastrol and its antiinflammatory activities. Our results showed that celastrol can reduce weight gain, ameliorate glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia without affecting food intake in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. A CLAMS was used to clarify the improvement of metabolic profiles was attribute to increased adipose thermogenesis after celastrol treatment. Further studies found that celastrol decreased the infiltration of macrophage as well as its inflammatory products (IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1α, and TNF-α) in liver and adipose tissues, which also displayed an obvious inhibition of TLR3/NLRP3 inflammasome molecules. This study demonstrated that celastrol could be a potential drug for treating metabolic disorders, the underlying mechanism is related to ameliorating metabolic inflammation, thus increasing body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ernest C Lynch
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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80
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Elamri I, Radloff M, Hohmann KF, Nimbarte VD, Nasiri HR, Bolte M, Safarian S, Michel H, Schwalbe H. Synthesis and Biological Screening of New Lawson Derivatives as Selective Substrate-Based Inhibitors of Cytochrome bo 3 Ubiquinol Oxidase from Escherichia coli. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1262-1271. [PMID: 32159929 PMCID: PMC7497249 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory chain of Escherichia coli contains two different types of terminal oxidase that are differentially regulated as a response to changing environmental conditions. These oxidoreductases catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and contribute to the proton motive force. The cytochrome bo3 oxidase (cyt bo3 ) acts as the primary terminal oxidase under atmospheric oxygen levels, whereas the bd-type oxidase is most abundant under microaerobic conditions. In E. coli, both types of respiratory terminal oxidase (HCO and bd-type) use ubiquinol-8 as electron donor. Here, we assess the inhibitory potential of newly designed and synthesized 3-alkylated Lawson derivatives through L-proline-catalyzed three-component reductive alkylation (TCRA). The inhibitory effects of these Lawson derivatives on the terminal oxidases of E. coli (cyt bo3 and cyt bd-I) were tested potentiometrically. Four compounds were able to reduce the oxidoreductase activity of cyt bo3 by more than 50 % without affecting the cyt bd-I activity. Moreover, two inhibitors for both cyt bo3 and cyt bd-I oxidase could be identified. Based on molecular-docking simulations, we propose binding modes of the new Lawson inhibitors. The molecular fragment benzyl enhances the inhibitory potential and selectivity for cyt bo3 , whereas heterocycles reduce this effect. This work extends the library of 3-alkylated Lawson derivatives as selective inhibitors for respiratory oxidases and provides molecular probes for detailed investigations of the mechanisms of respiratory-chain enzymes of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam Elamri
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Melanie Radloff
- Department of Molecular Membrane BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsMax-von-Laue-Straße 360438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Katharina F. Hohmann
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Vijaykumar D. Nimbarte
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Hamid R. Nasiri
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryGoethe-UniversitätFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Schara Safarian
- Department of Molecular Membrane BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsMax-von-Laue-Straße 360438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Hartmut Michel
- Department of Molecular Membrane BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsMax-von-Laue-Straße 360438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
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81
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Panday AK, Ali D, Choudhury LH. One-pot synthesis of pyrimidine linked naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles by iodine-mediated multicomponent reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4997-5007. [PMID: 32572404 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report iodine-mediated multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles tethered with a pyrimidine moiety. The reaction of aryl methyl ketones (3) or terminal aryl alkynes (5) in the presence of molecular iodine in DMSO medium followed by sequential addition of barbituric acids (2) and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) provides the corresponding three-component hybrid molecules 4 having naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles tethered with a barbituric acid moiety. This three-component reaction proceeds via metal-free C-H oxidation followed by multi-component cyclization forming three new bonds (2 C-C, 1 C-N) in one pot. Alternatively, the same molecules can also be prepared from the reaction of arylglyoxals, 2-aminonaphthoquinone, and barbituric acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine in methanol medium under reflux conditions. The salient features of these methodologies are: one-pot metal-free method, good yields, wide substrate scope, easy purification of products, and the presence of medicinally important naphthoquinone, pyrrole and pyrimidine moieties in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Panday
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Danish Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Lokman H Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
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82
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Zheng F, Gonçalves FM, Abiko Y, Li H, Kumagai Y, Aschner M. Redox toxicology of environmental chemicals causing oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101475. [PMID: 32336668 PMCID: PMC7327986 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are surrounded with heavy metals such as methylmercury, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, as well as pesticides such as deltamethrin and paraquat, or atmospheric pollutants such as quinone. Extensive studies have demonstrated a strong link between environmental pollutants and human health. Redox toxicity is proposed as one of the main mechanisms of chemical-induced pathology in humans. Acting as both a sensor of oxidative stress and a positive regulator of antioxidants, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has attracted recent attention. However, the role NRF2 plays in environmental pollutant-induced toxicity has not been systematically addressed. Here, we characterize NRF2 function in response to various pollutants, such as metals, pesticides and atmospheric quinones. NRF2 related signaling pathways and epigenetic regulations are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
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83
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Menezes BS, Solidade LS, Conceição AA, Santos Junior MN, Leal PL, de Brito ES, Canuto KM, Mendonça S, de Siqueira FG, Marques LM. Pigment production by Fusarium solani BRM054066 and determination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AMB Express 2020; 10:117. [PMID: 32613282 PMCID: PMC7329961 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom has been widely studied as a source of bioactive compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industry. This paper studies the production of natural red pigments by Fusarium solani BRM054066 in the submerged fermentation system, using Doehlert experimental design to determine optimal cultivation conditions. The chemical composition of the red pigment was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to sequester of free radical DPPH. In the analysis of anti-inflammatory activity, murine peritoneal macrophages activated by LPS were used, and the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 was determined using qPCR. As a result, it was found that agitation at 200 rpm and glucose concentration ≥ 20 g/L promote the best results in the production of red pigment. The chemical compounds identified were two naphthoquinones, fusarubin and dihydrofusarubin, and an anthraquinone, a bostrycoidin, being fusarubin the majority compound. The red pigment showed antioxidant activity by scavenge 50% of the DPPH radical, in a concentration of 24 µg/mL. The pigment also showed an effective anti-inflammatory capacity by reducing the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-17, in murine macrophages activated by LPS (p < 0.05). According to the results, the fungus F. solani BRM054066, under optimized conditions of cultivation, proved to be a promising source of biologically active natural pigments with wide industrial applicability.
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84
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Faber SC, Giani Tagliabue S, Bonati L, Denison MS. The Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Naphthoquinone-Dependent Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114111. [PMID: 32526934 PMCID: PMC7312509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) are clinically promising biologically active chemicals that have been shown to stimulate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway, but whether they are direct or indirect ligands or activate the AhR in a ligand-independent manner is unknown. Given the structural diversity of AhR ligands, multiple mechanisms of AhR activation of gene expression, and species differences in AhR ligand binding and response, we examined the ability of 1,2-NQ and 1,4-NQ to bind to and activate the mouse and human AhRs using a series of in vitro AhR-specific bioassays and in silico modeling techniques. Both NQs induced AhR-dependent gene expression in mouse and human hepatoma cells, but were more potent and efficacious in human cells. 1,2-NQ and 1,4-NQ stimulated AhR transformation and DNA binding in vitro and was inhibited by AhR antagonists. Ligand binding analysis confirmed the ability of 1,2-NQ and 1,4-NQ to competitively bind to the AhR ligand binding cavity and the molecular determinants for interactions were predicted by molecular modeling methods. NQs were shown to bind distinctly differently from that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and differences were also observed between species. Mutation of amino acid residues (F289, M334, and M342) involved in critical NQ:AhR binding interactions, decreased NQ- and AhR-dependent gene expression, consistent with a role for these residues in binding and activation of the AhR by NQs. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanism of action of NQs and contribute to the development of emerging NQ-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Faber
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sara Giani Tagliabue
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.G.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.G.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(530)-752-3879
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85
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Chrastina A, Welsh J, Rondeau G, Abedinpour P, Borgström P, Baron VT. Plumbagin‐Serum Albumin Interaction: Spectral, Electrochemical, Structure‐Binding Analysis, Antiproliferative and Cell Signaling Aspects with Implications for Anticancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1338-1347. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM) 505 Coast Blvd. South La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - John Welsh
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Gaelle Rondeau
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Parisa Abedinpour
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM) 505 Coast Blvd. South La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Per Borgström
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Véronique T. Baron
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
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86
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Škandík M, Mrvová N, Bezek Š, Račková L. Semisynthetic quercetin-quinone mitigates BV-2 microglia activation through modulation of Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:18-32. [PMID: 32142880 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During brain ageing, microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, are immunologically activated and contribute to neuroinflammation, a vicious cycle that supports development of neurological disorders. Therapeutic approaches focus mainly on downregulation of their pro-inflammatory activated state that is associated with health benefits. Electrophilic compounds, such as natural quinones and their reduced pro-electrophilic precursors, flavonoids, represent a wide group of diverse substances with important biological effects. They can cause considerable cytotoxicity when used at higher dosages, but on the other hand, they have versatile health benefits at lower dosages. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and prooxidant profile of synthetic conjugate of two electrophilic compounds, quercetin and 1,4-naphthoquinone, 4'-O-(2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone-3-yloxy) quercetin (CHNQ), and its attenuation of inflammatory responses and modulation of Nrf2 pathway in BV-2 microglial cells. CHNQ showed higher cytotoxicity than its precursors, accompanied by promotion of production of reactive oxygen species along with G2/M cell cycle arrest at higher concentrations tested. Nevertheless, at a lower non-toxic concentration, CHNQ, more significantly than did its precursors, downregulated LPS-stimulated microglia cells as documented by decreased iNOS, COX-2 and TNFα protein levels. Moreover, CHNQ most effectively upregulated expression of phase II antioxidant enzyme HO-1 and β5 subunit of constitutive proteasome. The enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of CHNQ was accompanied by prominent increase in cytosolic expression of Nrf2 and c-Jun, however, induction effect on nuclear Nrf2 translocation was comparable to QUER. Moreover, a conditioned medium from activated BV-2 cells co-treated with quercetin and CHNQ maintained viability of neuron-like PC12 cells. The compounds tested did not show any disturbance of phagocytosis of live or dead PC12 cells. The present experimental data predict a preventive and therapeutic potential of semisynthetic derivative CHNQ in ageing and related pathologies, mediated by activation of proteins of the antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Škandík
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nataša Mrvová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Bezek
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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87
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Yamashoji S, Al Mamun A, Bari L. Visual and simple determination of glucose-induced acidification by yeast cells: application to rapid cytotoxicity test. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03924. [PMID: 32420490 PMCID: PMC7218269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated that glucose-induced proton release from yeast cells was more sensitive to various inhibitors than cell proliferation. In this study the inhibition of glucose-induced proton release was determined on the basis of color change of pH indicator, methyl red, from pH 5 to pH6 at cell density of 2.5 × 107 cells/ml. When yeast cells were incubated with the inhibitors of glucose intake, glycolysis, and plasma membrane H + -ATPase for 1 h, these cytotoxic effects were observed by following the change in absorbance at 527 nm due to methyl red for 5 min. The cytotoxic effects of heavy metal ions, detergents and quinones were observed in the same manner. The above method was superior in sensitivity and measurement time to cell proliferation measurement that required 9 h. This visual cytotoxicity test (methyl red test) is expected to be useful as simple and rapid cytotoxicity test with yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yamashoji
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, 9-50-514 Kaigandori, Tarumi-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 655-0036, Japan
| | - Arafat Al Mamun
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Latiful Bari
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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88
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Synthesis of new N,S-acetal analogs derived from juglone with cytotoxic activity against Trypanossoma cruzi. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:199-213. [PMID: 32418003 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 new N,S-acetal juglone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against T. cruzi epimastigote forms. These compounds were obtained in good to moderate yields using a microwave irradiation protocol. Among all compounds, two N,S-acetal analogs, showed significant trypanocidal activity. Notably, one compound 11g exhibited selectivity index 10-fold higher than the reference drug benznidazole for epimastigote. The compound 11h was more effective for amastigote forms. Both prototypes exhibited S.I. higher than the benznidazole description. Thus, both compounds proving to be useful candidate molecules to further studies in infected animals.
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89
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Dyshlovoy SA, Pelageev DN, Hauschild J, Sabutskii YE, Khmelevskaya EA, Krisp C, Kaune M, Venz S, Borisova KL, Busenbender T, Denisenko VA, Schlüter H, Bokemeyer C, Graefen M, Polonik SG, Anufriev VP, von Amsberg G. Inspired by Sea Urchins: Warburg Effect Mediated Selectivity of Novel Synthetic Non-Glycoside 1,4-Naphthoquinone-6S-Glucose Conjugates in Prostate Cancer. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050251. [PMID: 32403427 PMCID: PMC7281150 DOI: 10.3390/md18050251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of high sugar consumption by tumor cells is known as Warburg effect. It results from a high glycolysis rate, used by tumors as preferred metabolic pathway even in aerobic conditions. Targeting the Warburg effect to specifically deliver sugar conjugated cytotoxic compounds into tumor cells is a promising approach to create new selective drugs. We designed, synthesized, and analyzed a library of novel 6-S-(1,4-naphthoquinone-2-yl)-d-glucose chimera molecules (SABs)—novel sugar conjugates of 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs of the sea urchin pigments spinochromes, which have previously shown anticancer properties. A sulfur linker (thioether bond) was used to prevent potential hydrolysis by human glycoside-unspecific enzymes. The synthesized compounds exhibited a Warburg effect mediated selectivity to human prostate cancer cells (including highly drug-resistant cell lines). Mitochondria were identified as a primary cellular target of SABs. The mechanism of action included mitochondria membrane permeabilization, followed by ROS upregulation and release of cytotoxic mitochondrial proteins (AIF and cytochrome C) to the cytoplasm, which led to the consequent caspase-9 and -3 activation, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis-like cell death. These results enable us to further clinically develop these compounds for effective Warburg effect targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +4940-7410-53591
| | - Dmitry N. Pelageev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Yurii E. Sabutskii
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Khmelevskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Moritz Kaune
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ksenia L. Borisova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Vladimir A. Denisenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sergey G. Polonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
| | - Victor Ph. Anufriev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.N.P.); (Y.E.S.); (E.A.K.); (K.L.B.); (V.A.D.); (S.G.P.); (V.P.A.)
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
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Abstract
The genes for Monascus naphthoquinone (monasone) biosynthesis are embedded in and form a composite supercluster with the Monascus azaphilone pigment biosynthetic gene cluster. Early biosynthetic intermediates are shared by the two pathways. Some enzymes encoded by the supercluster play double duty in contributing to both pathways, while others are specific for one or the other pathway. The monasone subcluster is independently regulated and inducible by elicitation with competing microorganisms. This study illustrates genomic and biosynthetic parsimony in fungi and proposes a potential path for the evolution of the mosaic-like azaphilone-naphthoquinone supercluster. The monasone subcluster also encodes a two-tiered self-resistance mechanism that models resistance determinants that may transfer to target microorganisms or emerge in cancer cells in case of naphthoquinone-type cytotoxic agents. Despite the important biological activities of natural product naphthoquinones, the biosynthetic pathways of and resistance mechanisms against such compounds remain poorly understood in fungi. Here, we report that the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of Monascus naphthoquinones (monasones) reside within the gene cluster for Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs). We elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of monasones by a combination of comparative genome analysis, gene knockouts, heterologous coexpression, and in vivo and in vitro enzymatic reactions to show that this pathway branches from the first polyketide intermediate of MonAzPs. Furthermore, we propose that the monasone subset of biosynthetic genes also encodes a two-tiered resistance strategy in which an inducible monasone-specific exporter expels monasones from the mycelia, while residual intracellular monasones may be rendered nontoxic through a multistep reduction cascade.
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91
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Mészáros JP, Geisler H, Poljarević JM, Roller A, Legina MS, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Kandioller W, Enyedy ÉA. Naphthoquinones of natural origin: Aqueous chemistry and coordination to half-sandwich organometallic cations. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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92
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Onuki M, Ota M, Otokozawa S, Kamo S, Tomoshige S, Tsubaki K, Kuramochi K. Dimerizations of 2-bromo-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone in tetra-n-butylammonium bromide. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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93
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Nrf2 Activation and Its Coordination with the Protective Defense Systems in Response to Electrophilic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020545. [PMID: 31952233 PMCID: PMC7013553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses mediated by sensor proteins are important for biological defense against electrophilic stresses, such as xenobiotic electrophile exposure. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an essential function as a master regulator of such cytoprotective molecular responses along with sensor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. This review focuses on Nrf2 activation and its involvement with the protective defense systems under electrophilic stresses integrated with our recent findings that reactive sulfur species (RSS) mediate detoxification of electrophiles. The Nrf2 pathway does not function redundantly with the RSS-generating cystathionine γ-lyase pathway, and vice versa.
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94
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Patel DG, Mitchell TB, Myers SD, Carter DA, Novak FA. A Suzuki Approach to Quinone-Based Diarylethene Photochromes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2646-2653. [PMID: 31896258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethene photochromes show promise for use in advanced organic electronic and photonic materials with burgeoning considerations for biological applications; however, these compounds typically require UV light for photoswitching in at least one direction, thus limiting their appeal. We here introduce a naphthoquinone-based diarylethene that switches between open and closed forms with visible light. The synthesis of this quinone diarylethene relies on Suzuki methodology, allowing for the inclusion of functional groups not otherwise accessible with current synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh G Patel
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Travis B Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry , The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Shea D Myers
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Dorothy A Carter
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Frank A Novak
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
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95
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Olyaei A, Sadeghpour M, Khalaj M. Mannich bases derived from lawsone and their metal complexes: synthetic strategies and biological properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30265-30281. [PMID: 35516010 PMCID: PMC9056394 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05717g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawsone (2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) is a natural product which shows significant biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Olyaei
- Department of Chemistry
- Payame Noor University (PNU)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadeghpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Takestan Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Takestan
- Iran
| | - Mehdi Khalaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Buinzahra Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Buinzahra
- Iran
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96
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Espinosa-Bustos C, Canales C, Ramírez G, Jaque P, Salas CO. Unveiling interactions between DNA and cytotoxic 2-arylpiperidinyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives: A combined electrochemical and computational study. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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97
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Shinkai Y, Ding Y, Miura T, Kumagai Y. Aggregation of β-crystallin through covalent binding to 1,2-naphthoquinone is rescued by α-crystallin chaperone. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:37-43. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yunjie Ding
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takashi Miura
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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98
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Fang T, Lakey PSJ, Weber RJ, Shiraiwa M. Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Epithelial Lining Fluid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12784-12792. [PMID: 31560535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in adverse health effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Respiratory deposition can lead to the formation of ROS in the epithelial lining fluid due to redox reactions of PM components with lung antioxidants. As direct quantification of ROS is challenging, PM oxidative potential is more commonly measured using antioxidant surrogates including dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid, assuming that the decay of surrogates corresponds to ROS formation. However, this assumption has not yet been validated and the lack of ROS quantification in the respiratory tract causes major limitations in evaluating PM impacts on oxidative stress. By combining field measurements of size-segregated chemical composition, a human respiratory tract model, and kinetic modeling, we quantified production rates and concentrations of different types of ROS in different regions of the epithelial lining fluid by considering particle-size-dependent respiratory deposition. The extrathoracic region is found to have higher ROS concentrations compared to the bronchial and alveolar regions. Although H2O2 and O2- production is governed by Fe and Cu ions, OH radicals are mainly generated by organic compounds and Fenton-like reactions of metal ions. In winter when affected by biomass burning, model comparisons suggest that humic-like substances (HULIS) contribute to ROS formation substantially. We found that PM oxidative potential is a good indicator of the chemical production of H2O2 and O2- but does not represent OH generation. These results provide rationale and limitations of the use of oxidative potential as an indicator of PM toxicity in epidemiological and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Rodney J Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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99
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Kumagai Y, Akiyama M, Unoki T. Adaptive Responses to Electrophilic Stress and Reactive Sulfur Species as their Regulator Molecules. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:303-310. [PMID: 31636841 PMCID: PMC6791667 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We are exposed to numerous xenobiotic electrophiles on a daily basis through the environment, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Although such reactive species have been associated with detrimental effects, recent accumulated evidence indicates that xenobiotic electrophiles appear to act as signaling molecules. In this review, we introduce our findings on 1) activation of various redox signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, detoxification/excretion of electrophiles, quality control of cellular proteins, and cell survival during exposure to xenobiotic electrophiles at low concentrations through covalent modification of thiol groups in sensor proteins, and 2) negative regulation of reactive sulfur species (RSS) in the modulation of redox signaling and toxicity caused by xenobiotic electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan
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100
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Pavitt AS, Tratnyek PG. Electrochemical characterization of natural organic matter by direct voltammetry in an aprotic solvent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1664-1683. [PMID: 31576393 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex and indeterminant composition of NOM makes characterization of its redox properties challenging. Approaches that have been taken to address this challenge include chemical probe reactions, potentiometric titrations, chronocoulometry, and voltammetry. In this study, we revisit the use of direct voltammetric methods in aprotic solvents by applying an expanded and refined suite of methods to a large set of NOM samples and model compounds (54 NOM samples from 10 different sources, 7 NOM model compounds, and 2 fresh extracts of plant materials that are high in redox-active quinonoid model compounds dissolved in DMSO). Refinements in the methods of fitting the data obtained by staircase cyclic voltammetry (SCV) provided improved definition of peaks, and square wave voltammetry (SWV), performed under the same conditions as SCV, provided even more reliable identification and quantitation of peaks. Further evidence is provided that DMSO improves the electrode response by unfolding some of the tertiary structure of NOM polymers, thereby allowing greater contact between redox active functional groups and the electrode surface. We averaged experimental peak potentials for all NOM compounds and calculated potentials in water. Average values for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 in DMSO were -0.866 ± 0.069, -1.35 ± 0.071, and -0.831 ± 0.051 V vs. Ag/Ag+, and -0.128, -0.613, and -0.0930 V vs. SHE in water. In addition to peak potentials, the breadth of SCV peaks was quantified as a way to characterize the degree to which the redox activity of NOM is due to a continuum of contributing functional groups. The average breadth values were 1.63 ± 0.24, 1.28 ± 0.34, and 0.648 ± 0.15 V for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 respectively. Comparative analysis of the overall dataset-from SCV and SWV on all NOMs and model compounds-revealed that NOM redox properties vary over a narrower range than expected based on model compound properties. This lack of diversity in redox properties of NOM is similar to conclusions from other recent work on the molecular structure of NOM, all of which could be the result of selectivity in the common extraction methods used to obtain the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania S Pavitt
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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