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Brenner D, Geiger N, Schlegel J, Diesendorf V, Kersting L, Fink J, Stelz L, Schneider-Schaulies S, Sauer M, Bodem J, Seibel J. Azido-Ceramides, a Tool to Analyse SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Inhibition-SARS-CoV-2 Is Inhibited by Ceramides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087281. [PMID: 37108461 PMCID: PMC10138768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that C6-ceramides efficiently suppress viral replication by trapping the virus in lysosomes. Here, we use antiviral assays to evaluate a synthetic ceramide derivative α-NH2-ω-N3-C6-ceramide (AKS461) and to confirm the biological activity of C6-ceramides inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Click-labeling with a fluorophore demonstrated that AKS461 accumulates in lysosomes. Previously, it has been shown that suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication can be cell-type specific. Thus, AKS461 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Huh-7, Vero, and Calu-3 cells up to 2.5 orders of magnitude. The results were confirmed by CoronaFISH, indicating that AKS461 acts comparable to the unmodified C6-ceramide. Thus, AKS461 serves as a tool to study ceramide-associated cellular and viral pathways, such as SARS-CoV-2 infections, and it helped to identify lysosomes as the central organelle of C6-ceramides to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brenner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Diesendorf
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Louise Kersting
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Linda Stelz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Banducci-Karp A, Xie J, Engels SAG, Sarantaris C, van Hage P, Varela M, Meijer AH, van der Vaart M. DRAM1 Promotes Lysosomal Delivery of Mycobacterium marinum in Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060828. [PMID: 36980169 PMCID: PMC10047064 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) is an infection-inducible membrane protein, whose function in the immune response is incompletely understood. Based on previous results in a zebrafish infection model, we have proposed that DRAM1 is a host resistance factor against intracellular mycobacterial infection. To gain insight into the cellular processes underlying DRAM1-mediated host defence, here we studied the interaction of DRAM1 with Mycobacterium marinum in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. We found that, shortly after phagocytosis, DRAM1 localised in a punctate pattern to mycobacteria, which gradually progressed to full DRAM1 envelopment of the bacteria. Within the same time frame, DRAM1-positive mycobacteria colocalised with the LC3 marker for autophagosomes and LysoTracker and LAMP1 markers for (endo)lysosomes. Knockdown analysis revealed that DRAM1 is required for the recruitment of LC3 and for the acidification of mycobacteria-containing vesicles. A reduction in the presence of LAMP1 further suggested reduced fusion of lysosomes with mycobacteria-containing vesicles. Finally, we show that DRAM1 knockdown impairs the ability of macrophages to defend against mycobacterial infection. Together, these results support that DRAM1 promotes the trafficking of mycobacteria through the degradative (auto)phagolysosomal pathway. Considering its prominent effect on host resistance to intracellular infection, DRAM1 is a promising target for therapeutic modulation of the microbicidal capacity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Banducci-Karp
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sem A G Engels
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Sarantaris
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Hage
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Varela
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Vaart
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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53
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Burko P, D’Amico G, Miltykh I, Scalia F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Giglia G, Cappello F, Caruso Bavisotto C. Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054883. [PMID: 36902314 PMCID: PMC10003080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our attention toward EVs because they are emerging as promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostication tools and as the basis for developing nanodevices for delivering anti-cancer agents directly into the tumor mass. EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate to endow them with the desired anti-cancer properties and to administer them using minimally invasive procedures. Thus, isolating EVs from a GBM patient, supplying them with the necessary anti-cancer agent and the capability of recognizing a specified tissue-cell target, and reinjecting them into the original donor appears, at this time, as a reachable objective of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Burko
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilia Miltykh
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, Penza State University, 440026 Penza, Russia
| | - Federica Scalia
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916553501
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54
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Wang L, Klionsky DJ, Shen HM. The emerging mechanisms and functions of microautophagy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:186-203. [PMID: 36097284 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
'Autophagy' refers to an evolutionarily conserved process through which cellular contents, such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates, are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Different forms of autophagy have been described on the basis of the nature of the cargoes and the means used to deliver them to lysosomes. At present, the prevailing categories of autophagy in mammalian cells are macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The molecular mechanisms and biological functions of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy have been extensively studied, but microautophagy has received much less attention. In recent years, there has been a growth in research on microautophagy, first in yeast and then in mammalian cells. Here we review this form of autophagy, focusing on selective forms of microautophagy. We also discuss the upstream regulatory mechanisms, the crosstalk between macroautophagy and microautophagy, and the functional implications of microautophagy in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Future research into microautophagy will provide opportunities to develop novel interventional strategies for autophagy- and lysosome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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55
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Abstract
Host cell egress is a critical step in the life cycle of intracellular pathogens, especially in microbes capable of establishing chronic infections. The Gram-negative bacterium Brucella belongs to such a group of pathogens. Even though much has been done to understand how Brucella avoids killing and multiplies in its intracellular niche, the mechanism that this bacterium deploys to egress from the cell to complete its cycle has been poorly studied. In the manuscript, we quantify the kinetics of bacterial egress and show that Brucella exploits multivesicular bodies to exit host cells. For the first time, we visualized the process of egress in real time by live video microscopy and showed that a population of intracellular bacteria exit from host cells in vacuoles containing multivesicular body-like features. We observed the colocalization of Brucella with two multivesicular markers, namely, CD63 and LBPA, both during the final stages of the intracellular life cycle and in egressed bacteria. Moreover, drugs that either promote or inhibit multivesicular bodies either increased or decreased the number of extracellular bacteria, respectively. Our results strongly suggest that Brucella hijacks multivesicular bodies to exit the host cells to initiate new infection events. IMPORTANCE How intracellular bacterial pathogens egress from host cells has been poorly studied. This is particularly important because this stage of the infectious cycle can have a strong impact on how the host resolves the infection. Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that infects mammals, including humans, and causes a chronic debilitating illness. The bacterium has evolved a plethora of mechanisms to invade host cells, avoid degradation in the endocytic pathway, and actively multiply within a specialized intracellular compartment. However, how this pathogen exits from infected cells to produce reinfection and complete its life cycle is poorly understood. In the manuscript, we shed some light on the mechanisms that are exploited by Brucella to egress from host cells. We observed for the first time the egress of Brucella from infected cells by time-lapse video microscopy, and we found that the bacterium exits in vesicles containing multivesicular bodies (MVBs) features. Moreover, the drug manipulation of MVBs resulted in the alteration of bacterial egress efficiency. Our results indicate that Brucella hijacks MVBs to exit host cells and that this strongly contributes to the reinfection cycle.
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56
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Romano JD, Mayoral J, Guevara RB, Rivera-Cuevas Y, Carruthers VB, Weiss LM, Coppens I. Toxoplasma gondii scavenges mammalian host organelles through the usurpation of host ESCRT-III and Vps4A. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260159. [PMID: 36718630 PMCID: PMC10022688 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens exploit cellular resources through host cell manipulation. Within its nonfusogenic parasitophorous vacuole (PV), Toxoplasma gondii targets host nutrient-filled organelles and sequesters them into the PV through deep invaginations of the PV membrane (PVM) that ultimately detach from this membrane. Some of these invaginations are generated by an intravacuolar network (IVN) of parasite-derived tubules attached to the PVM. Here, we examined the usurpation of host ESCRT-III and Vps4A by the parasite to create PVM buds and vesicles. CHMP4B associated with the PVM/IVN, and dominant-negative (DN) CHMP4B formed many long PVM invaginations containing CHMP4B filaments. These invaginations were shorter in IVN-deficient parasites, suggesting cooperation between the IVN and ESCRT. In infected cells expressing Vps4A-DN, enlarged intra-PV structures containing host endolysosomes accumulated, reflecting defects in PVM scission. Parasite mutants lacking T. gondii (Tg)GRA14 or TgGRA64, which interact with ESCRT, reduced CHMP4B-DN-induced PVM invaginations and intra-PV host organelles, with greater defects in a double knockout, revealing the exploitation of ESCRT to scavenge host organelles by Toxoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D. Romano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Mayoral
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rebekah B. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vern B. Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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57
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Basthi Mohan P, Rajpurohit S, Musunuri B, Bhat G, Lochan R, Shetty S. Exosomes in chronic liver disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117215. [PMID: 36603656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Although there has been a significant advancement in the identification and treatment of liver diseases over time, clinical results are not satisfactory in advanced liver disease. Thus, it is crucial to develop certain technology for early detection, and curative therapies and to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind CLD's pathogenesis. The study of exosomes in CLD is a rapidly developing field. They are structurally membrane-derived nano vesicles released by various cells. In CLD, exosomes released from injured hepatic cells affect intercellular communication, creating a microenvironment conducive to the illness's development. They also carry liver cell-specific proteins and miRNAs, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for various liver diseases. End-stage liver disease can only be treated by a liver transplant, however, the low availability of compatible organs, high expenses of treatment, and surgical complications significantly lower patient survival rates. Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of CLD positively affect the likelihood of curative treatment and high patient survival rates. Considering the possibility that exosomes could be employed as tools for disease diagnostics and clinical intervention, The current study briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes and their cargo in diagnosing and treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Siddheesh Rajpurohit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaji Musunuri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh Bhat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Lochan
- Lead Consultant- Liver transplant Surgeon, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bangalore, and Adjunct Professor Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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58
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Wang M, Luo S, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. LIP5, a MVB biogenesis regulator, is required for rice growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1103028. [PMID: 36733718 PMCID: PMC9887185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN5 (LIP5) is a conserved regulator of multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, AtLIP5 is a target of stress-responsive MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 and 6 and mediates stress-induced MVB biogenesis to promote stress responses. However, Arabidopsis atlip5 knockout mutants are normal in growth and development. Here we report that rice OsLIP5 gene could fully restore both the disease resistance and salt tolerance of the Arabidopsis oslip5 mutant plants to the wild-type levels. Unlike Arabidopsis atlip5 mutants, rice oslip5 mutants were severely stunted, developed necrotic lesions and all died before flowering. Unlike in Arabidopsis, LIP5 regulated endocytosis under both stress and normal conditions in rice. These findings indicate that there is strong evolutionary divergence among different plants in the role of the conserved LIP5-regulated MVB pathway in normal plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Luo
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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59
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Lalnunthangi A, Dakpa G, Tiwari S. Multifunctional role of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in phagocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:179-217. [PMID: 36631192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized form of endocytosis where large cells and particles (>0.5μm) are engulfed by the phagocytic cells, and ultimately digested in the phagolysosomes. This process not only eliminates unwanted particles and pathogens from the extracellular sources, but also eliminates apoptotic cells within the body, and is critical for maintenance of tissue homeostasis. It is believed that both endocytosis and phagocytosis share common pathways after particle internalization, but specialized features and differences between these two routes of internalization are also likely. The recruitment and removal of each protein/particle during the maturation of endocytic/phagocytic vesicles has to be tightly regulated to ensure their timely action. Ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), degrades unwanted proteins by post-translational modification of proteins with chains of conserved protein Ubiquitin (Ub), with subsequent recognition of Ub chains by the 26S proteasomes and substrate degradation by this protease. This pathway utilizes different Ub linkages to modify proteins to regulate protein-protein interaction, localization, and activity. Due to its vast number of targets, it is involved in many cellular pathways, including phagocytosis. This chapters describes the basic steps and signaling in phagocytosis and different roles that UPP plays at multiple steps in regulating phagocytosis directly, or through its interaction with other phagosomal proteins. How aberrations in UPP function affect phagocytosis and their association with human diseases, and how pathogens exploit this pathway for their own benefit is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swati Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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60
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Benyair R, Giridharan SSP, Rivero-Ríos P, Hasegawa J, Bristow E, Eskelinen EL, Shmueli MD, Fishbain-Yoskovitz V, Merbl Y, Sharkey LM, Paulson HL, Hanson PI, Patnaik S, Al-Ramahi I, Botas J, Marugan J, Weisman LS. Upregulation of the ESCRT pathway and multivesicular bodies accelerates degradation of proteins associated with neurodegeneration. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2166722. [PMID: 37064812 PMCID: PMC10101321 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2166722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), occur due to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, which results in neuronal death. Studies in animal and cell models show that reducing the levels of these proteins mitigates disease phenotypes. We previously reported a small molecule, NCT-504, which reduces cellular levels of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in patient fibroblasts as well as mouse striatal and cortical neurons from an HdhQ111 mutant mouse. Here, we show that NCT-504 has a broader potential, and in addition reduces levels of Tau, a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as other tauopathies. We find that in untreated cells, Tau and mHTT are degraded via autophagy. Notably, treatment with NCT-504 diverts these proteins to multivesicular bodies (MVB) and the ESCRT pathway. Specifically, NCT-504 causes a proliferation of endolysosomal organelles including MVB, and an enhanced association of mHTT and Tau with endosomes and MVB. Importantly, depletion of proteins that act late in the ESCRT pathway blocked NCT-504 dependent degradation of Tau. Moreover, NCT-504-mediated degradation of Tau occurred in cells where Atg7 is depleted, which indicates that this pathway is independent of canonical autophagy. Together, these studies reveal that upregulation of traffic through an ESCRT-dependent MVB pathway may provide a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Benyair
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Junya Hasegawa
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Emily Bristow
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Merav D Shmueli
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Phyllis I Hanson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Juan Botas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Juan Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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61
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Yang B, Li X, Fu C, Cai W, Meng B, Qu Y, Kou X, Zhang Q. Extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis of peripheral joint and temporomandibular joint. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1158744. [PMID: 36950682 PMCID: PMC10025484 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1158744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling disease with significant morbidity worldwide. OA attacks the large synovial joint, including the peripheral joints and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). As a representative of peripheral joint OA, knee OA shares similar symptoms with TMJ OA. However, these two joints also display differences based on their distinct development, anatomy, and physiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer nanoparticles, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs contain proteins, lipids, DNA, micro-RNA, and mRNA that regulate tissue homeostasis and cell-to-cell communication, which play an essential role in the progression and treatment of OA. They are likely to partake in mechanical response, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory regulation during OA. More evidence has shown that synovial fluid and synovium-derived EVs may serve as OA biomarkers. More importantly, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV shows a therapeutic effect on OA. However, the different function of EVs in these two joints is largely unknown based on their distinct biological characteristic. Here, we reviewed the effects of EVs in OA progression and compared the difference between the knee joint and TMJ, and summarized their potential therapeutic role in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Cai
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Zhang, ; Xiaoxing Kou,
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Zhang, ; Xiaoxing Kou,
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62
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Zhang B, Li J, Hua Q, Wang H, Xu G, Chen J, Zhu Y, Li R, Liang Q, Wang L, Jin M, Tang J, Lin Z, Zhao L, Zhang D, Yu D, Ren J, Zhang T. Tumor CEMIP drives immune evasion of colorectal cancer via MHC-I internalization and degradation. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005592. [PMID: 36596591 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in tumor cells limits the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of MHC-I downregulation in tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Overexpression of CEMIP in tumor tissues is associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Here, in this research, we aim to address the role of CEMIP in mediating MHC-I expression in tumor cells and investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHOD Protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine immune cells. Protein-protein interactions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. The intracellular trafficking of MHC-I was revealed by an immunofluorescent technique. In addition, the effect of CEMIP on tumor growth and the antitumor efficacy of targeting CEMIP in combination with ICB therapy were evaluated in murine models of colorectal cancer. RESULTS We reported that CEMIP specifically downregulated the expression of MHC-I on the surface of murine and human colon cancer cells, hindering the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. We also demonstrated that CEMIP restricted CD8+ T-cell antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo due to impaired MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation. Correspondingly, the combination of CEMIP inhibition and ICB impeded tumor growth and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistically, CEMIP acted as an adaptor for the interaction betweenMHC-I and clathrin, which drove MHC-I internalization via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, CEMIP anchored internalized MHC-I to lysosomes for degradation, disrupting the recycling of MHC-I to the cell surface. CONCLUSION Overall, our study unveils a novel regulatory mechanism of MHC-I on tumor cell surfaces by CEMIP-mediated internalization and degradation. Furthermore, targeting CEMIP provides an effective strategy for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingling Hua
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guojie Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China .,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China .,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Read CB, Lind MCH, Chiarelli TJ, Izac JR, Adcox HE, Marconi RT, Carlyon JA. The Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum Exploits Host Cell Multivesicular Body Biogenesis for Proliferation and Dissemination. mBio 2022; 13:e0296122. [PMID: 36409075 PMCID: PMC9765717 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02961-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of the emerging infection, granulocytic anaplasmosis. This obligate intracellular bacterium lives in a host cell-derived vacuole that receives membrane traffic from multiple organelles to fuel its proliferation and from which it must ultimately exit to disseminate infection. Understanding of these essential pathogenic mechanisms has remained poor. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are late endosomal compartments that receive biomolecules from other organelles and encapsulate them into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) using endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and ESCRT-independent machinery. Association of the ESCRT-independent protein, ALIX, directs MVBs to the plasma membrane where they release ILVs as exosomes. We report that the A. phagocytophilum vacuole (ApV) is acidified and enriched in lysobisphosphatidic acid, a lipid that is abundant in MVBs. ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-III components along with ALIX localize to the ApV membrane. siRNA-mediated inactivation of ESCRT-0 and ALIX together impairs A. phagocytophilum proliferation and infectious progeny production. RNA silencing of ESCRT-III, which regulates ILV scission, pronouncedly reduces ILV formation in ApVs and halts infection by arresting bacterial growth. Rab27a and its effector Munc13-4, which drive MVB trafficking to the plasma membrane and subsequent exosome release, localize to the ApV. Treatment with Nexinhib20, a small molecule inhibitor that specifically targets Rab27a to block MVB exocytosis, abrogates A. phagocytophilum infectious progeny release. Thus, A. phagocytophilum exploits MVB biogenesis and exosome release to benefit each major stage of its intracellular infection cycle: intravacuolar growth, conversion to the infectious form, and exit from the host cell. IMPORTANCE Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, a globally emerging zoonosis that can be severe, even fatal, and for which antibiotic treatment options are limited. A. phagocytophilum lives in an endosomal-like compartment that interfaces with multiple organelles and from which it must ultimately exit to spread within the host. How the bacterium accomplishes these tasks is poorly understood. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are intermediates in the endolysosomal pathway that package biomolecular cargo from other organelles as intralumenal vesicles for release at the plasma membrane as exosomes. We discovered that A. phagocytophilum exploits MVB biogenesis and trafficking to benefit all aspects of its intracellular infection cycle: proliferation, conversion to its infectious form, and release of infectious progeny. The ability of a small molecule inhibitor of MVB exocytosis to impede A. phagocytophilum dissemination indicates the potential of this pathway as a novel host-directed therapeutic target for granulocytic anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis B. Read
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mary Clark H. Lind
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Travis J. Chiarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerilyn R. Izac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Haley E. Adcox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard T. Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason A. Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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64
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Horbay R, Hamraghani A, Ermini L, Holcik S, Beug ST, Yeganeh B. Role of Ceramides and Lysosomes in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Cargo Sorting and Release. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315317. [PMID: 36499644 PMCID: PMC9735581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have the ability to communicate with their immediate and distant neighbors through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs facilitate intercellular signaling through the packaging of specific cargo in all type of cells, and perturbations of EV biogenesis, sorting, release and uptake is the basis of a number of disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances of the complex roles of the sphingolipid ceramide and lysosomes in the journey of EV biogenesis to uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Horbay
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ali Hamraghani
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sophie Holcik
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Shawn T. Beug
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.T.B.); or (B.Y.); Tel.: +1-613-738-4176 (B.Y.); Fax: +1-613-738-4847 (S.T.B. & B.Y.)
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.T.B.); or (B.Y.); Tel.: +1-613-738-4176 (B.Y.); Fax: +1-613-738-4847 (S.T.B. & B.Y.)
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65
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Yuan P, Zhang M, Tong L, Morse TM, McDougal RA, Ding H, Chan D, Cai Y, Grutzendler J. PLD3 affects axonal spheroids and network defects in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2022; 612:328-337. [PMID: 36450991 PMCID: PMC9729106 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms that lead to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease are unknown. Here we identify amyloid-plaque-associated axonal spheroids as prominent contributors to neural network dysfunction. Using intravital calcium and voltage imaging, we show that a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease demonstrates severe disruption in long-range axonal connectivity. This disruption is caused by action-potential conduction blockades due to enlarging spheroids acting as electric current sinks in a size-dependent manner. Spheroid growth was associated with an age-dependent accumulation of large endolysosomal vesicles and was mechanistically linked with Pld3-a potential Alzheimer's-disease-associated risk gene1 that encodes a lysosomal protein2,3 that is highly enriched in axonal spheroids. Neuronal overexpression of Pld3 led to endolysosomal vesicle accumulation and spheroid enlargement, which worsened axonal conduction blockades. By contrast, Pld3 deletion reduced endolysosomal vesicle and spheroid size, leading to improved electrical conduction and neural network function. Thus, targeted modulation of endolysosomal biogenesis in neurons could potentially reverse axonal spheroid-induced neural circuit abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease, independent of amyloid removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas M Morse
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert A McDougal
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Diane Chan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yifei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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66
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Hu M, Zhou N, Cai W, Xu H. Lysosomal solute and water transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213536. [PMID: 36219209 PMCID: PMC9559593 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes mediate hydrolase-catalyzed macromolecule degradation to produce building block catabolites for reuse. Lysosome function requires an osmo-sensing machinery that regulates osmolytes (ions and organic solutes) and water flux. During hypoosmotic stress or when undigested materials accumulate, lysosomes become swollen and hypo-functional. As a membranous organelle filled with cargo macromolecules, catabolites, ions, and hydrolases, the lysosome must have mechanisms that regulate its shape and size while coordinating content exchange. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms that regulate lysosomal fusion and fission as well as swelling and condensation, with a focus on solute and water transport mechanisms across lysosomal membranes. Lysosomal H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- channels and transporters sense trafficking and osmotic cues to regulate both solute flux and membrane trafficking. We also provide perspectives on how lysosomes may adjust the volume of themselves, the cytosol, and the cytoplasm through the control of lysosomal solute and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Cai
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
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67
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Galoș D, Gorzo A, Balacescu O, Sur D. Clinical Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:3493. [PMID: 36359889 PMCID: PMC9657568 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and a leading cause of mortality among the population of western countries. However, CRC is frequently a preventable malignancy due to various screening tests being available. While failing to obtain real-time data, current screening methods (either endoscopic or stool-based tests) also require disagreeable preparation protocols and tissue sampling through invasive procedures, rendering adherence to CRC screening programs suboptimal. In this context, the necessity for novel, less invasive biomarkers able to identify and assess cancer at an early stage is evident. Liquid biopsy comes as a promising minimally invasive diagnostic tool, able to provide comprehensive information on tumor heterogeneity and dynamics during carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the potential use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) and extracellular vesicles as emerging liquid biopsy markers with clinical application in the setting of CRC screening. The review also examines the opportunity to implement liquid biopsy analysis during everyday practice and provides highlights on clinical trials researching blood tests designed for early cancer diagnosis. Additionally, the review explores potential applications of liquid biopsies in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Galoș
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alecsandra Gorzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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68
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Differential trafficking of ligands trogocytosed via CD28 versus CTLA4 promotes collective cellular control of co-stimulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6459. [PMID: 36309492 PMCID: PMC9617924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is crucial for collective regulation of cellular behaviors. While clustering T cells have been shown to mutually control the production of key communication signals, it is unclear whether they also jointly regulate their availability and degradation. Here we use newly developed reporter systems, bioinformatic analyses, protein structure modeling and genetic perturbations to assess this. We find that T cells utilize trogocytosis by competing antagonistic receptors to differentially control the abundance of immunoregulatory ligands. Specifically, ligands trogocytosed via CD28 are shuttled to the T cell surface, enabling them to co-stimulate neighboring T cells. In contrast, CTLA4-mediated trogocytosis targets ligands for degradation. Mechanistically, this fate separation is controlled by different acid-sensitivities of receptor-ligand interactions and by the receptor intracellular domains. The ability of CD28 and CTLA4 to confer different fates to trogocytosed ligands reveals an additional layer of collective regulation of cellular behaviors and promotes the robustness of population dynamics.
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69
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Krause GJ, Diaz A, Jafari M, Khawaja RR, Agullo‐Pascual E, Santiago‐Fernández O, Richards AL, Chen K, Dmitriev P, Sun Y, See SK, Abdelmohsen K, Mazan‐Mamczarz K, Krogan NJ, Gorospe M, Swaney DL, Sidoli S, Bravo‐Cordero JJ, Kampmann M, Cuervo AM. Reduced endosomal microautophagy activity in aging associates with enhanced exocyst-mediated protein secretion. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13713. [PMID: 36116133 PMCID: PMC9577956 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for protein quality control and regulation of the functional proteome. Failure of autophagy pathways with age contributes to loss of proteostasis in aged organisms and accelerates the progression of age-related diseases. In this work, we show that activity of endosomal microautophagy (eMI), a selective type of autophagy occurring in late endosomes, declines with age and identify the sub-proteome affected by this loss of function. Proteomics of late endosomes from old mice revealed an aberrant glycation signature for Hsc70, the chaperone responsible for substrate targeting to eMI. Age-related Hsc70 glycation reduces its stability in late endosomes by favoring its organization into high molecular weight protein complexes and promoting its internalization/degradation inside late endosomes. Reduction of eMI with age associates with an increase in protein secretion, as late endosomes can release protein-loaded exosomes upon plasma membrane fusion. Our search for molecular mediators of the eMI/secretion switch identified the exocyst-RalA complex, known for its role in exocytosis, as a novel physiological eMI inhibitor that interacts with Hsc70 and acts directly at the late endosome membrane. This inhibitory function along with the higher exocyst-RalA complex levels detected in late endosomes from old mice could explain, at least in part, reduced eMI activity with age. Interaction of Hsc70 with components of the exocyst-RalA complex places this chaperone in the switch from eMI to secretion. Reduced intracellular degradation in favor of extracellular release of undegraded material with age may be relevant to the spreading of proteotoxicity associated with aging and progression of proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Maryam Jafari
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Rabia R. Khawaja
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Esperanza Agullo‐Pascual
- Microscopy and Advanced Bioimaging Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Olaya Santiago‐Fernández
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Alicia L. Richards
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kuei‐Ho Chen
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Phillip Dmitriev
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephanie K. See
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krystyna Mazan‐Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo‐Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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70
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Valappil DK, Mini NJ, Dilna A, Nath S. Membrane interaction to intercellular spread of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:936897. [PMID: 36161178 PMCID: PMC9500529 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.936897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive development of pathology is one of the major characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent among them. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles are the pathological phenotypes of AD. However, cellular and animal studies implicate tau as a secondary pathology in developing AD while Aβ aggregates is considered as a trigger point. Interaction of Aβ peptides with plasma membrane (PM) seems to be a promising site of involvement in the events that lead to AD. Aβ binding to the lipid membranes initiates formation of oligomers of Aβ species, and these oligomers are known as primary toxic agents for neuronal toxicities. Once initiated, neuropathological toxicities spread in a “prion-like” fashion probably through the mechanism of intercellular transfer of pathogenic aggregates. In the last two decades, several studies have demonstrated neuron-to-neuron transfer of neurodegenerative proteins including Aβ and tau via exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), the two modes of long-range intercellular transfer. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that molecular pathways related to the biogenesis of exosomes and TNTs interface with endo-lysosomal pathways and cellular signaling in connection to vesicle recycling-imposed PM and actin remodulation. In this review, we discuss interactions of Aβ aggregates at the membrane level and its implications in intercellular spread of pathogenic aggregates. Furthermore, we hypothesize how spread of pathogenic aggregates contributes to complex molecular events that could regulate pathological and synaptic changes related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangeeta Nath
- *Correspondence: Sangeeta Nath, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-0606
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71
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Dhar R, Mukherjee S, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Devi A, Ashraf GM, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Hashem AM, Alexiou A, Thorate N. Interrelation between extracellular vesicles miRNAs with chronic lung diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4021-4036. [PMID: 36063496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry biologically active biomolecule cargos like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) outside of the cell. Blood (serum/plasma), urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are all examples of biofluids from which they may be collected. EVs play a vital role in intracellular communication. The molecular signature of EVs largely depends on the parental cell's status. EVs are classified into two groups, (1) exosomes (originated by endogenous route) and (2) microvesicles (originated from the plasma membrane, also known as ectosomes). The quantity and types of EV cargo vary during normal conditions compared to pathological conditions (chronic inflammatory lung diseases or lung cancer). Consequently, EVs contain novel biomarkers that differ based on the cell type of origin and during lung diseases. Small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) are transported by EVs, which is one of the most rapidly evolving research areas in the field of EVs biology. EV-mediated cargos transport small RNAs that can result in reprograming the target/recipient cells. Multiple chronic inflammatory lung illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, have been demonstrated to be regulated by EV. In this review, we will consolidate the current knowledge and literature on the novel role of EVs and their small RNAs concerning chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Additionally, we will also provide better insight into the clinical and translational impact of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs as novel therapeutic agents in treating CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nanasaheb Thorate
- Division of Medical Sciences, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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72
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You B, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Yan Y, Zhang L, Jin J, Qian H. Extracellular Vesicles: A New Frontier for Cardiac Repair. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091848. [PMID: 36145595 PMCID: PMC9503573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate a broad range of cellular processes has recently been used to treat diseases. Growing evidence indicates that EVs play a cardioprotective role in heart disease by activating beneficial signaling pathways. Multiple functional components of EVs and intracellular molecular mechanisms are involved in the process. To overcome the shortcomings of native EVs such as their heterogeneity and limited tropism, a series of engineering approaches has been developed to improve the therapeutic efficiency of EVs. In this review, we present an overview of the research and future directions for EVs-based cardiac therapies with an emphasis on EVs-mediated delivery of therapeutic agents. The advantages and limitations of various modification strategies are discussed, and possible opportunities for improvement are proposed. An in-depth understanding of the endogenous properties of EVs and EVs engineering strategies could lead to a promising cell-free therapy for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai You
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225317, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (H.Q.)
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73
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Inaba M, Ridwan SM, Antel M. Removal of cellular protrusions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:126-134. [PMID: 35260295 PMCID: PMC9378436 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communications are central to a variety of physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms. Cells often rely on cellular protrusions to communicate with one another, which enable highly selective and efficient signaling within complex tissues. Owing to significant improvements in imaging techniques, identification of signaling protrusions has increased in recent years. These protrusions are structurally specialized for signaling and facilitate interactions between cells. Therefore, physical regulation of these structures must be key for the appropriate strength and pattern of signaling outcomes. However, the typical approaches for understanding signaling regulation tend to focus solely on changes in signaling molecules, such as gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and degradation. In this short review, we summarize the studies proposing the removal of different types of signaling protrusions-including cilia, neurites, MT (microtubule based)-nanotubes and microvilli-and discuss their mechanisms and significance in signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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74
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Yamamoto A, Takahashi Y, Inuki S, Nakagawa S, Nakao K, Ohno H, Doi M, Takakura Y. The identification of novel small extracellular vesicle (sEV) production modulators using luciferase-based sEV quantification method. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e62. [PMID: 38938770 PMCID: PMC11080720 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted from various cells that contain bioactive metabolites and function as key regulators for intercellular communication. sEVs modulate diverse biological and pathological processes in the body, and the amount of circulating sEVs has been reported to correlate with certain disease progression. Therefore, the identification of small molecular compounds that can control sEV production may become a novel therapeutic strategy. In this study, a rapid, highly sensitive sEV quantification method utilizing fusion proteins consisting of Gaussia luciferase (gLuc) reporter protein and sEV markers (CD63 and CD82) was developed. A total of 480 compounds were screened to identify potent inducers and inhibitors of gLuc activity. Two novel compounds, KPYC08425 and KPYC12163, showed significant and dose-dependent changes in gLuc activity with minimal cytotoxicity based on the LDH assay. The efficacy of these two compounds was further evaluated by protein quantification of the isolated sEVs. Further evaluation of KPYC12163 suggested that the autolysosomal pathway may be involved in its inhibitory effect on sEV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug MetabolismGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug MetabolismGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry and ChemogenomicsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Shumpei Nakagawa
- Department of Systems BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Kodai Nakao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug MetabolismGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry and ChemogenomicsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug MetabolismGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐kuKyotoJapan
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75
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Kunduri G, Le SH, Baena V, Vijaykrishna N, Harned A, Nagashima K, Blankenberg D, Yoshihiro I, Narayan K, Bamba T, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Delivery of ceramide phosphoethanolamine lipids to the cleavage furrow through the endocytic pathway is essential for male meiotic cytokinesis. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001599. [PMID: 36170207 PMCID: PMC9550178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, wherein 1 cell divides into 2 daughter cells, is fundamental to all living organisms. Cytokinesis, the final step in cell division, begins with the formation of an actomyosin contractile ring, positioned midway between the segregated chromosomes. Constriction of the ring with concomitant membrane deposition in a specified spatiotemporal manner generates a cleavage furrow that physically separates the cytoplasm. Unique lipids with specific biophysical properties have been shown to localize to intercellular bridges (also called midbody) connecting the 2 dividing cells; however, their biological roles and delivery mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), the structural analog of sphingomyelin, has unique acyl chain anchors in Drosophila spermatocytes and is essential for meiotic cytokinesis. The head group of CPE is also important for spermatogenesis. We find that aberrant central spindle and contractile ring behavior but not mislocalization of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) at the plasma membrane is responsible for the male meiotic cytokinesis defect in CPE-deficient animals. Further, we demonstrate the enrichment of CPE in multivesicular bodies marked by Rab7, which in turn localize to cleavage furrow. Volume electron microscopy analysis using correlative light and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy shows that CPE-enriched Rab7 positive endosomes are juxtaposed on contractile ring material. Correlative light and transmission electron microscopy reveal Rab7 positive endosomes as a multivesicular body-like organelle that releases its intraluminal vesicles in the vicinity of ingressing furrows. Genetic ablation of Rab7 or Rab35 or expression of dominant negative Rab11 results in significant meiotic cytokinesis defects. Further, we show that Rab11 function is required for localization of CPE positive endosomes to the cleavage furrow. Our results imply that endosomal delivery of CPE to ingressing membranes is crucial for meiotic cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Si-Hung Le
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Valentina Baena
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nagampalli Vijaykrishna
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Izumi Yoshihiro
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Usha Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jairaj K. Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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76
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Pavlic A, Bahram Sangani N, Kerins J, Nicolaes G, Schurgers L, Reutelingsperger C. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 in the Release of Exosomes and Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169178. [PMID: 36012444 PMCID: PMC9409231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the pathological precipitation of calcium salts in the walls of blood vessels. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and their associated mortality. VC can be observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is most prominent in diseases that are associated with dysregulated mineral homeostasis such as in chronic kidney disease. Local factors and mechanisms underlying VC are still incompletely understood, but it is appreciated that VC is a multifactorial process in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role. VSMCs participate in VC by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), the extent, composition, and propensity to calcify of which depend on VSMC phenotype and microenvironment. Currently, no targeted therapy is available to treat VC. In-depth knowledge of molecular players of EV release and the understanding of their mechanisms constitute a vital foundation for the design of pharmacological treatments to combat VC effectively. This review highlights our current knowledge of VSMCs in VC and focuses on the biogenesis of exosomes and the role of the neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pavlic
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kerins
- University College Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-1533
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77
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Fontana S, Karbanová J, Aalam F, Tai D, Li Z, Pucci M, Alessandro R, Morimoto C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Anti-Human CD9 Fab Fragment Antibody Blocks the Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Increase in Malignancy of Colon Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:2474. [PMID: 36010551 PMCID: PMC9406449 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication between cancer cells themselves or with healthy cells in the tumor microenvironment and/or pre-metastatic sites plays an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. In addition to ligand-receptor signaling complexes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as novel mediators of intercellular communication both in tissue homeostasis and in diseases such as cancer. EV-mediated transfer of molecular activities impacting morphological features and cell motility from highly metastatic SW620 cells to non-metastatic SW480 cells is a good in vitro example to illustrate the increased malignancy of colorectal cancer leading to its transformation and aggressive behavior. In an attempt to intercept the intercellular communication promoted by EVs, we recently developed a monovalent Fab fragment antibody directed against human CD9 tetraspanin and showed its effectiveness in blocking the internalization of melanoma cell-derived EVs and the nuclear transfer of their cargo proteins into recipient cells. Here, we employed the SW480/SW620 model to investigate the anti-cancer potential of the anti-CD9 Fab antibody. We first demonstrated that most EVs derived from SW620 cells contain CD9, making them potential targets. We then found that the anti-CD9 Fab antibody, but not the corresponding divalent antibody, prevented internalization of EVs from SW620 cells into SW480 cells, thereby inhibiting their phenotypic transformation, i.e., the change from a mesenchymal-like morphology to a rounded amoeboid-like shape with membrane blebbing, and thus preventing increased cell migration. Intercepting EV-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor niche with an anti-CD9 Fab antibody, combined with direct targeting of cancer cells, could lead to the development of new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Germana Rappa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Feryal Aalam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Derek Tai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Zhiyin Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
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78
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Jahanbani F, Maynard RD, Sing JC, Jahanbani S, Perrino JJ, Spacek DV, Davis RW, Snyder MP. Phenotypic characteristics of peripheral immune cells of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome via transmission electron microscopy: A pilot study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272703. [PMID: 35943990 PMCID: PMC9362953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex chronic multi-systemic disease characterized by extreme fatigue that is not improved by rest, and worsens after exertion, whether physical or mental. Previous studies have shown ME/CFS-associated alterations in the immune system and mitochondria. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the morphology and ultrastructure of unstimulated and stimulated ME/CFS immune cells and their intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. PBMCs from four participants were studied: a pair of identical twins discordant for moderate ME/CFS, as well as two age- and gender- matched unrelated subjects-one with an extremely severe form of ME/CFS and the other healthy. TEM analysis of CD3/CD28-stimulated T cells suggested a significant increase in the levels of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in T cells from ME/CFS patients (over 2-fold). Stimulated Tcells of ME/CFS patients also had higher numbers of swollen mitochondria. We also found a large increase in intracellular giant lipid droplet-like organelles in the stimulated PBMCs from the extremely severe ME/CFS patient potentially indicative of a lipid storage disorder. Lastly, we observed a slight increase in platelet aggregation in stimulated cells, suggestive of a possible role of platelet activity in ME/CFS pathophysiology and disease severity. These results indicate extensive morphological alterations in the cellular and mitochondrial phenotypes of ME/CFS patients' immune cells and suggest new insights into ME/CFS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rajan D. Maynard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Cyril Sing
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - John J. Perrino
- Stanford Cell Sciences Imaging Facility (CSIF), Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Damek V. Spacek
- Karius Incorporated, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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79
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Defective RAB31-mediated megakaryocytic early endosomal trafficking of VWF, EGFR, and M6PR in RUNX1 deficiency. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5100-5112. [PMID: 35839075 PMCID: PMC9631641 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB31 is a RUNX1 target; regulates VWF, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mannose-6-phosphate trafficking; and is downregulated in RHD. EE and vesicle trafficking defects induced by RAB31 downregulation likely contribute to α-granule defects with RUNX1 mutation.
Transcription factor RUNX1 is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. RUNX1 haplodeficiency (RHD) is associated with thrombocytopenia and platelet granule deficiencies and dysfunction. Platelet profiling of our study patient with RHD showed decreased expression of RAB31, a small GTPase whose cell biology in megakaryocytes (MKs)/platelets is unknown. Platelet RAB31 messenger RNA was decreased in the index patient and in 2 additional patients with RHD. Promoter-reporter studies using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate–treated megakaryocytic human erythroleukemia cells revealed that RUNX1 regulates RAB31 via binding to its promoter. We investigated RUNX1 and RAB31 roles in endosomal dynamics using immunofluorescence staining for markers of early endosomes (EEs; early endosomal autoantigen 1) and late endosomes (CD63)/multivesicular bodies. Downregulation of RUNX1 or RAB31 (by small interfering RNA or CRISPR/Cas9) showed a striking enlargement of EEs, partially reversed by RAB31 reconstitution. This EE defect was observed in MKs differentiated from a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line (RHD-iMKs). Studies using immunofluorescence staining showed that trafficking of 3 proteins with distinct roles (von Willebrand factor [VWF], a protein trafficked to α-granules; epidermal growth factor receptor; and mannose-6-phosphate) was impaired at the level of EE on downregulation of RAB31 or RUNX1. There was loss of plasma membrane VWF in RUNX1- and RAB31-deficient megakaryocytic human erythroleukemia cells and RHD-iMKs. These studies provide evidence that RAB31 is downregulated in RHD and regulates megakaryocytic vesicle trafficking of 3 major proteins with diverse biological roles. EE defect and impaired vesicle trafficking is a potential mechanism for the α-granule defects observed in RUNX1 deficiency.
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Chloroplasts Protein Quality Control and Turnover: A Multitude of Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147760. [PMID: 35887108 PMCID: PMC9319218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the organelle of photosynthesis and other important metabolic pathways, chloroplasts contain up to 70% of leaf proteins with uniquely complex processes in synthesis, import, assembly, and turnover. Maintaining functional protein homeostasis in chloroplasts is vitally important for the fitness and survival of plants. Research over the past several decades has revealed a multitude of mechanisms that play important roles in chloroplast protein quality control and turnover under normal and stress conditions. These mechanisms include: (i) endosymbiotically-derived proteases and associated proteins that play a vital role in maintaining protein homeostasis inside the chloroplasts, (ii) the ubiquitin-dependent turnover of unimported chloroplast precursor proteins to prevent their accumulation in the cytosol, (iii) chloroplast-associated degradation of the chloroplast outer-membrane translocon proteins for the regulation of chloroplast protein import, (iv) chloroplast unfolded protein response triggered by accumulated unfolded and misfolded proteins inside the chloroplasts, and (v) vesicle-mediated degradation of chloroplast components in the vacuole. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these diverse mechanisms of chloroplast protein quality control and turnover and discuss important questions that remain to be addressed in order to better understand and improve important chloroplast functions.
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Castroflorio E, Pérez Berná AJ, López-Márquez A, Badosa C, Loza-Alvarez P, Roldán M, Jiménez-Mallebrera C. The Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 Triggers the Intracellular Hallmarks of Collagen VI-Related Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147651. [PMID: 35886995 PMCID: PMC9322809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI-related disorders (COL6-RD) represent a severe form of congenital disease for which there is no treatment. Dominant-negative pathogenic variants in the genes encoding α chains of collagen VI are the main cause of COL6-RD. Here we report that patient-derived fibroblasts carrying a common single nucleotide variant mutation are unable to build the extracellular collagen VI network. This correlates with the intracellular accumulation of endosomes and lysosomes triggered by the increased phosphorylation of the collagen VI receptor CMG2. Notably, using a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool to silence the dominant-negative mutation in patients’ cells, we rescued the normal extracellular collagen VI network, CMG2 phosphorylation levels, and the accumulation of endosomes and lysosomes. Our findings reveal an unanticipated role of CMG2 in regulating endosomal and lysosomal homeostasis and suggest that mutated collagen VI dysregulates the intracellular environment in fibroblasts in collagen VI-related muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Castroflorio
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.J.-M.)
| | | | - Arístides López-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.B.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Rara (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Badosa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.B.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Mónica Roldán
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cellular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malaties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Mallebrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.B.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Rara (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.J.-M.)
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Mitchell MI, Ma J, Carter CL, Loudig O. Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Claire L Carter
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Aguirre RS, Kulkarni A, Becker MW, Lei X, Sarkar S, Ramanadham S, Phelps EA, Nakayasu ES, Sims EK, Mirmira RG. Extracellular vesicles in β cell biology: Role of lipids in vesicle biogenesis, cargo, and intercellular signaling. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101545. [PMID: 35817393 PMCID: PMC9294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves an intricate interplay between β cells of the pancreatic islet, other islet cells, and cells of the immune system. Direct intercellular communication within the islet occurs via cell surface proteins and indirect intercellular communication has traditionally been seen as occurring via secreted proteins (e.g., endocrine hormones and cytokines). However, recent literature suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by β cells constitute an additional and biologically important mechanism for transmitting signals to within the islet. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the general mechanisms of EV formation, with a particular focus on how lipids and lipid signaling pathways influence their formation and cargo. We review the implications of EV release from β cells for T1D pathogenesis, how EVs and their cargo might be leveraged as biomarkers of this process, and how EVs might be engineered as a therapeutic candidate to counter T1D outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Islet β cells have been viewed as initiators and propagators of the cellular circuit giving rise to autoimmunity in T1D. In this context, emerging literature suggests that EVs may represent a conduit for communication that holds more comprehensive messaging about the β cells from which they arise. As the field of EV biology advances, it opens the possibility that intervening with EV formation and cargo loading could be a novel disease-modifying approach in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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84
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:580. [PMID: 35787632 PMCID: PMC9252569 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.
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85
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Wang H, Yu L, Huang P, Zhou Y, Zheng W, Meng N, He R, Xu Y, Keong TS, Cui Y. Tumor-associated Exosomes Are Involved in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:496-508. [PMID: 35836772 PMCID: PMC9240252 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a challenging disease worldwide. There are still limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and its high metastatic capacity and high recurrence rate are the main reasons for its poor prognosis. The ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transfer functionally-active substances and their widespread presence in almost all body fluids suggest their unprecedented potential in the study of various cancers. The unique physicochemical properties of EVs determine their potential as antitumor vaccines and drug carriers. In the last decade, the study of EVs in HCC has evolved from a single hot topic to a system with considerable scale. This paper summarizes the role of EVs, especially exosomes, in the occurrence, metastasis and tumor immunity of HCC, reviews their applications in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, describes the pros and cons of these studies, and looks forward towards the future research directions of EVs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wangyang Zheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
| | - Tey Sze Keong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
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Agaoua A, Rittener V, Troadec C, Desbiez C, Bendahmane A, Moquet F, Dogimont C. A single substitution in Vacuolar protein sorting 4 is responsible for resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus in melon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4008-4021. [PMID: 35394500 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, introgression of genetic resistance is a proven strategy for developing new resistant lines. While host proteins involved in genome replication and cell to cell movement are widely studied, other cell mechanisms responsible for virus infection remain under investigated. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) play a key role in membrane trafficking in plants and are involved in the replication of several plant RNA viruses. In this work, we describe the role of the ESCRT protein CmVPS4 as a new susceptibility factor to the Potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in melon. Using a worldwide collection of melons, we identified three different alleles carrying non-synonymous substitutions in CmVps4. Two of these alleles were shown to be associated with WMV resistance. Using a complementation approach, we demonstrated that resistance is due to a single non-synonymous substitution in the allele CmVps4P30R. This work opens up new avenues of research on a new family of host factors required for virus infection and new targets for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeric Agaoua
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Vincent Rittener
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Dogimont
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
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Amin AH, Sharifi LMA, Kakhharov AJ, Opulencia MJC, Alsaikhan F, Bokov DO, Majdi HS, Jawad MA, Hammid AT, Shalaby MN, Mustafa YF, Siahmansouri H. Role of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)-Derived exosomes in tumor progression and survival. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113009. [PMID: 35486974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a quickly aggressive hematopoietic disorder that progress due to the accumulation and clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. Despite the latest developments in AML treatment, repeated relapses and drug resistance remain one of the major challenges in treatment of leukemia. Currently, it is well known that the components of the tumor microenvironment such as cellular and non-cellular elements play a critical function in treatment failures of AML, also they are most common cause of complications including suppression of hematopoiesis. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention due to their important role in inter-cellular communication in health and disease. Exosomes participate in the survival and chemoresistance of many leukemia through transferring their rich cargos of molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, and cytokines. The key producers of exosomes that mainly participate to AML pathogenesis are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and AML cell themselves. These cells release an enormous number of exosomes that affect several target cells such as natural killer (NK) and hematopoietic stem cells to the development of leukemia proliferation and progression. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature has been done to briefly discuss the biology of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes derived from AML in the progress of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Alisher Jamoliddinovich Kakhharov
- Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Samarkand State Dental Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Li T, Wang B, Ding H, Chen S, Cheng W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Teng Y, Su S, Han X, Zhao M. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Cells on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857331. [PMID: 35620296 PMCID: PMC9127356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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89
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Extracellular Vesicles in Corneal Fibrosis/Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115921. [PMID: 35682600 PMCID: PMC9180085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells and the microenvironment is a complex, yet crucial, element in the development and progression of varied physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence in different disease models highlights roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs), either in modulating cell signaling paracrine mechanism(s) or harnessing their therapeutic moiety. Of interest, the human cornea functions as a refractive and transparent barrier that protects the intraocular elements from the external environment. Corneal trauma at the ocular surface may lead to diminished corneal clarity and detrimental effects on visual acuity. The aberrant activation of corneal stromal cells, which leads to myofibroblast differentiation and a disorganized extracellular matrix is a central biological process that may result in corneal fibrosis/scarring. In recent years, understanding the pathological and therapeutic EV mechanism(s) of action in the context of corneal biology has been a topic of increasing interest. In this review, we describe the clinical relevance of corneal fibrosis/scarring and how corneal stromal cells contribute to wound repair and their generation of the stromal haze. Furthermore, we will delve into EV characterization, their subtypes, and the pathological and therapeutic roles they play in corneal scarring/fibrosis.
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90
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An Updated View of the Importance of Vesicular Trafficking and Transport and Their Role in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Interventions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060552. [PMID: 35736259 PMCID: PMC9230090 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular trafficking is the set of processes of distributing different macromolecules by the cell. This process is highly regulated in cells, involving a system of organelles (endomembranous system), among which are a great variety of vesicles that can be secreted from the cell, giving rise to different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be captured by other cells to modulate their function. The cells of the immune system are especially sensitive to this cellular traffic, producing and releasing different classes of EVs, especially in disease states. There is growing interest in this field due to the therapeutic and translational possibilities it offers. Different ways of taking advantage of the understanding of cell trafficking and EVs are being investigated, and their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets is being investigated. The objective of this review is to collect the latest results and knowledge in this area with a specific focus on immune-mediated diseases. Although some promising results have been obtained, further knowledge is still needed, at both the basic and translational levels, to understand and modulate cellular traffic and EVs for better clinical management of these patients.
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91
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Gallo GL, López N, Loureiro ME. The Virus–Host Interplay in Junín Mammarenavirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061134. [PMID: 35746604 PMCID: PMC9228484 DOI: 10.3390/v14061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junín virus (JUNV) belongs to the Arenaviridae family and is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a severe human disease endemic to agricultural areas in Argentina. At this moment, there are no effective antiviral therapeutics to battle pathogenic arenaviruses. Cumulative reports from recent years have widely provided information on cellular factors playing key roles during JUNV infection. In this review, we summarize research on host molecular determinants that intervene in the different stages of the viral life cycle: viral entry, replication, assembly and budding. Alongside, we describe JUNV tight interplay with the innate immune system. We also review the development of different reverse genetics systems and their use as tools to study JUNV biology and its close teamwork with the host. Elucidating relevant interactions of the virus with the host cell machinery is highly necessary to better understand the mechanistic basis beyond virus multiplication, disease pathogenesis and viral subversion of the immune response. Altogether, this knowledge becomes essential for identifying potential targets for the rational design of novel antiviral treatments to combat JUNV as well as other pathogenic arenaviruses.
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92
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An emerging role of KRAS in biogenesis, cargo sorting and uptake of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:827-845. [PMID: 35502655 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles secreted for intercellular communication with endosomal network regulating secretion of small EVs (or exosomes) that play roles in cancer progression. As an essential oncoprotein, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) is tightly regulated by its endosomal trafficking for membrane attachment. However, the crosstalk between KRAS and EVs has been scarcely discussed despite its endocytic association. An overview of the oncogenic role of KRAS focusing on its correlation with cancer-associated EVs should provide important clues for disease prognosis and inspire novel therapeutic approaches for treating KRAS mutant cancers. Therefore, this review summarizes the relevant studies that provide substantial evidence linking KRAS mutation to EVs and discusses the oncogenic implication from the aspects of biogenesis, cargo sorting, and release and uptake of the EVs.
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93
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Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: A Story Yet to Be Written. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050654. [PMID: 35629322 PMCID: PMC9144833 DOI: 10.3390/life12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles mediating intercellular communication and are therefore vital for transmitting a plethora of biological signals. The vascular endothelium substantially contributes to the circulating particulate secretome, targeting important signaling pathways that affect blood cells and regulate adaptation and plasticity of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Different molecular signatures and functional properties of endothelial cells reflect their heterogeneity among different vascular beds and drive current research to understand varying physiological and pathological effects of blood and lymphatic endothelial EVs. Endothelial EVs have been linked to the development and progression of various vascular diseases, thus having the potential to serve as biomarkers and clinical treatment targets. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the human vasculature, the biology of extracellular vesicles, and the current knowledge of endothelium-derived EVs, including their potential role as biomarkers in disease development.
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94
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Gurudas Shivji G, Dhar R, Devi A. Role of Exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of Non-Infectious disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:534-548. [PMID: 35451890 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2067233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and play crucial roles in cancer and other diseases. Exosomes role in various diseases has been studied as they regulate intercellular communication and are obtained from almost any part of the body. Exosomes use is complicated in diseases as they promote pathogenesis but also act as a very good therapeutic agent in most diseases. The presence of a complex molecular cargo consisting of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, miRNA, siRNA, etc.,) makes it a very good delivery agent and acts as a biomarker for many cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They can be used to selectively target cells and activate immune cell responses depending on the source obtained. Exosomes based immunotherapy is an area of gaining importance due to the proteins present in them and their specificity to the targeted cells. The role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious diseases is discussed in detail in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauresh Gurudas Shivji
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
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95
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Small but Mighty-Exosomes, Novel Intercellular Messengers in Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030413. [PMID: 35336787 PMCID: PMC8945199 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomes are biological nanoparticles recently recognized as intercellular messengers. They contain a cargo of lipids, proteins, and RNA. They can transfer their content to not only cells in the vicinity but also to cells at a distance. This unique ability empowers them to modulate the physiology of recipient cells. In brain, exosomes play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Abstract Exosomes of endosomal origin are one class of extracellular vesicles that are important in intercellular communication. Exosomes are released by all cells in our body and their cargo consisting of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids has a footprint reflective of their parental origin. The exosomal cargo has the power to modulate the physiology of recipient cells in the vicinity of the releasing cells or cells at a distance. Harnessing the potential of exosomes relies upon the purity of exosome preparation. Hence, many methods for isolation have been developed and we provide a succinct summary of several methods. In spite of the seclusion imposed by the blood–brain barrier, cells in the CNS are not immune from exosomal intrusive influences. Both neurons and glia release exosomes, often in an activity-dependent manner. A brief description of exosomes released by different cells in the brain and their role in maintaining CNS homeostasis is provided. The hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein aggregates. Recent studies implicate exosomes’ intercellular communicator role in the spread of misfolded proteins aiding the propagation of pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential contributions made by exosomes in progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Understanding contributions made by exosomes in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration opens the field for employing exosomes as therapeutic agents for drug delivery to brain since exosomes do cross the blood–brain barrier.
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96
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Huang Y, Zhu L, Li H, Ye J, Lin N, Chen M, Pan D, Chen Z. Endometriosis derived exosomal miR-301a-3p mediates macrophage polarization via regulating PTEN-PI3K axis. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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97
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Wang BZ, Luo L, Vunjak-Novakovic G. RNA and Protein Delivery by Cell-Secreted and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101557. [PMID: 34706168 PMCID: PMC8891029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of biological signals through export and delivery of RNAs and proteins. Of increasing interest is the use of EVs as a platform for delivery of biomolecules. Preclinical studies have effectively used EVs to treat a number of diseases. Uniquely, endogenous machinery within cells can be manipulated in order to produce desirable loading of cargo within secreted EVs. In order to inform the development of such approaches, an understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which cargo is sorted to EVs is required. Here, the current knowledge of cargo sorting within EVs is reviewed. Here is given an overview of recent bioengineering approaches that leverage these advances. Methods of externally manipulating EV cargo are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the current challenges of EVs as a drug delivery platform is offered. It is proposed that standardized bioengineering methods for therapeutic EV preparation will be required to create a well-defined clinical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Z. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Lori Luo
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
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98
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Ivanova D, Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:826098. [PMID: 35280702 PMCID: PMC8916035 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.826098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the presynapse, mediates inter-neuronal communication via the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs). The localized recycling of SVs and their organization into functional pools is widely assumed to be a discrete mechanism, that only intersects with the endolysosomal system at specific points. However, evidence is emerging that molecules essential for endolysosomal function also have key roles within the SV life cycle, suggesting that they form a continuum rather than being isolated processes. In this review, we summarize the evidence for key endolysosomal molecules in SV recycling and propose an alternative model for membrane trafficking at the presynapse. This includes the hypotheses that endolysosomal intermediates represent specific functional SV pools, that sorting of cargo to SVs is mediated via the endolysosomal system and that manipulation of this process can result in both plastic changes to neurotransmitter release and pathophysiology via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Ivanova,
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Cousin,
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99
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Mastoridou EM, Goussia AC, Glantzounis GK, Kanavaros P, Charchanti AV. Autophagy and Exosomes: Cross-Regulated Pathways Playing Major Roles in Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation and Liver Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:801340. [PMID: 35185602 PMCID: PMC8850693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.801340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury, regardless of the underlying disease, results in gradual alteration of the physiological hepatic architecture and in excessive production of extracellular matrix, eventually leading to cirrhosis Liver cellular architecture consists of different cell populations, among which hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been found to play a major role in the fibrotic process. Under normal conditions, HSCs serve as the main storage site for vitamin A, however, pathological stimuli lead to their transdifferentiation into myofibroblast cells, with autophagy being the key regulator of their activation, through lipophagy of their lipid droplets. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in liver fibrosis is multifaceted, as increased autophagic levels have been associated with alleviation of the fibrotic process. In addition, it has been found that HSCs receive paracrine stimuli from neighboring cells, such as injured hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, which promote liver fibrosis. These stimuli have been found to be transmitted via exosomes, which are incorporated by HSCs and can either be degraded through lysosomes or be secreted back into the extracellular space via fusion with the plasma membrane. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that autophagy and exosomes may be concomitantly or reciprocally regulated, depending on the cellular conditions. Given that increased levels of autophagy are required to activate HSCs, it is important to investigate whether autophagy levels decrease at later stages of hepatic stellate cell activation, leading to increased release of exosomes and further propagation of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria M. Mastoridou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna C. Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Glantzounis
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Ioannina and School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonia V. Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- *Correspondence: Antonia V. Charchanti,
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100
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Impact of endolysosomal dysfunction upon exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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