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Nejati V, Majidinezhad M, Nitsche M. The role of the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in emotion regulation in females with major depressive disorder (MDD): A tDCS study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:149-158. [PMID: 35124394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have deficits in emotion regulation, which plays a putative role in psychopathology. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are assumed to be involved in respective processes. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of stimulation over the dlPFC and vmPFC on emotion regulation in female with MDD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty women with MDD performed the Emotional Stroop, Emotional Go/No-Go, and Emotional 1-Back tasks during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions with the following electrode montages: anodal dlPFC (F3)/cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), anodal vmPFC (Fp2)/cathodal dlPFC (F3), and sham stimulation. RESULTS Independent of the valence of the respective stimuli, accuracy and speed of interference control, accuracy of pre-potent inhibition, and accuracy, but not speed, of working memory performance improved during anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC stimulation. Independent of stimulation conditions, interference control was reduced for sad faces, as compared to happy and neutral faces, and working memory performance was faster for happy than for neutral and sad faces. For the impact of stimulation on specific emotional qualities, anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC, compared to sham stimulation, led to improved interference control of sad and neutral faces in the emotional Stroop task, as shown by faster reaction times. Furthermore, in that task accuracy with respect to neutral and happy face conditions was higher during both real stimulation conditions, as compared to sham stimulation. CONCLUSION The dlPFC is involved in emotion regulation in MDD. Emotional valence is moreover relevant for the effect of stimulation over this area on interference control in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, Tehran, Po box: 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinezhad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health(Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany; University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Bochum, Germany
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52
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Groth RM, Rief W. Response to unexpected social inclusion: A study using the cyberball paradigm. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:911950. [PMID: 35990056 PMCID: PMC9381977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.911950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional expectations are considered core characteristics of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and should be focused in psychotherapy. Dysfunctional expectations are especially pronounced in the interpersonal area (social expectations). In the present study, we examine the effect of unexpected social inclusion (expectation violation) on the change of generalized and specific depression-typical social expectations. METHOD We conducted an online study to investigate the impact of social inclusion after a period of social exclusion (unexpected social inclusion) on social expectation change (sample size 144) in a non-clinical sample. Depressive symptoms were assessed via self-reporting. Participants took part in two rounds of the online ball-game Cyberball. In the first round, all participants were socially excluded by their two co-players (acquisition of negative social expectations). In the second round, participants were either once more excluded (expectation confirmation) or included equally (expectation violation) by the same co-players. Specific and generalized social expectations were assessed after each round. RESULTS Specific and generalized social expectations increased following expectation violation. Even though depressive symptoms were related to lower levels of social expectations, we found that depressive symptoms did not moderate expectation change after positive expectation violations. CONCLUSIONS In the present experimental setup including the use of the online ball-game Cyberball, the establishment and change of social expectations can be experimentally manipulated. Under the given circumstances and in a non-clinical sample, negative expectations can be updated after unexpected positive experiences regardless of the number of depressive symptoms. The results are discussed in the context of current models of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), expectation change, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Marie Groth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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53
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Höller Y, Urbschat MM, Kristófersson GK, Ólafsson RP. Predictability of Seasonal Mood Fluctuations Based on Self-Report Questionnaires and EEG Biomarkers in a Non-clinical Sample. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870079. [PMID: 35463521 PMCID: PMC9030950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced by decreasing light, people affected by seasonal mood fluctuations may suffer from low energy, have low interest in activities, experience changes in weight, insomnia, difficulties in concentration, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Few studies have been conducted in search for biological predictors of seasonal mood fluctuations in the brain, such as EEG oscillations. A sample of 64 participants was examined with questionnaires and electroencephalography in summer. In winter, a follow-up survey was recorded and participants were grouped into those with at least mild (N = 18) and at least moderate (N = 11) mood decline and those without self-reported depressive symptoms both in summer and in winter (N = 46). A support vector machine was trained to predict mood decline by either EEG biomarkers alone, questionnaire data from baseline alone, or a combination of the two. Leave-one-out-cross validation with lasso regularization was used with logistic regression to fit a model. The accuracy for classification for at least mild/moderate mood decline was 77/82% for questionnaire data, 72/82% for EEG alone, and 81/86% for EEG combined with questionnaire data. Self-report data was more conclusive than EEG biomarkers recorded in summer for prediction of worsening of depressive symptoms in winter but it is advantageous to combine EEG with psychological assessment to boost predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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54
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Höller Y, Jónsdóttir ST, Hannesdóttir AH, Ólafsson RP. EEG-responses to mood induction interact with seasonality and age. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950328. [PMID: 36016970 PMCID: PMC9396338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The EEG is suggested as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). As a pre-clinical form of SAD, seasonality is operationalized as seasonal variation in mood, appetite, weight, sleep, energy, and socializing. Importantly, both EEG biomarkers and seasonality interact with age. Inducing sad mood to assess cognitive vulnerability was suggested to improve the predictive value of summer assessments for winter depression. However, no EEG studies have been conducted on induced sad mood in relation to seasonality, and no studies so far have controlled for age. We recorded EEG and calculated bandpower in 114 participants during rest and during induced sad mood in summer. Participants were grouped by age and based on a seasonality score as obtained with the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ). Participants with high seasonality scores showed significantly larger changes in EEG power from rest to sad mood induction, specifically in the alpha frequency range (p = 0.027), compared to participants with low seasonality scores. Furthermore, seasonality interacted significantly with age (p < 0.001), with lower activity in individuals with high seasonality scores that were older than 50 years but the opposite pattern in individuals up to 50 years. Effects of sad mood induction on brain activity are related to seasonality and can therefore be consider as potential predicting biomarkers for SAD. Future studies should control for age as a confounding factor, and more studies are needed to elaborate on the characteristics of EEG biomarkers in participants above 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Sara Teresa Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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55
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Benedetti F, Palladini M, Paolini M, Melloni E, Vai B, De Lorenzo R, Furlan R, Rovere-Querini P, Falini A, Mazza MG. Brain correlates of depression, post-traumatic distress, and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 survivors: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100387. [PMID: 34746876 PMCID: PMC8562046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric sequelae substantially contribute to the post-acute burden of disease associated with COVID-19, persisting months after clearance of the virus. Brain imaging shows white matter (WM) hypodensities/hyperintensities, and the involvement of grey matter (GM) in prefrontal, anterior cingulate (ACC) and insular cortex after COVID, but little is known about brain correlates of persistent psychopathology. With a multimodal approach, we studied whole brain voxel-based morphometry, diffusion-tensor imaging, and resting-state connectivity, to correlate MRI measures with depression and post-traumatic distress (PTSD) in 42 COVID-19 survivors without brain lesions, at 90.59 ± 54.66 days after COVID. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) measured in the emergency department, which reflects the immune response and systemic inflammation based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, predicted worse self-rated depression and PTSD, widespread lower diffusivity along the main axis of WM tracts, and abnormal functional connectivity (FC) among resting state networks. Self-rated depression and PTSD inversely correlated with GM volumes in ACC and insula, axial diffusivity, and associated with FC. We observed overlapping associations between severity of inflammation during acute COVID-19, brain structure and function, and severity of depression and post-traumatic distress in survivors, thus warranting interest for further study of brain correlates of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Beyond COVID-19, these findings support the hypothesis that regional GM, WM microstructure, and FC could mediate the relationship between a medical illness and its psychopathological sequelae, and are in agreement with current perspectives on the brain structural and functional underpinnings of depressive psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Melloni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Vai
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Gennaro Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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56
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Paulus MP, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Yeh HW, Khalsa SS. Methylphenidate augmentation of escitalopram to enhance adherence to antidepressant treatment: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:582. [PMID: 34798853 PMCID: PMC8603485 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to treatment, i.e. the extent to which a patient's therapeutic engagement coincides with the prescribed treatment, is among the most important problems in mental health care. The current study investigated the influence of pairing an acute positive reinforcing dopaminergic/noradrenergic effect (methylphenidate, MPH) with a standard antidepressant on the rates of adherence to medication treatment. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether MPH + escitalopram resulted in higher rates of medication adherence relative to placebo + escitalopram. METHODS Twenty participants with moderate to severe depression were 1-1 randomized to either (1) 5 mg MPH + 10 mg escitalopram or (2) placebo + 10 mg escitalopram with the possibility for a dose increase at 4 weeks. A Bayesian analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS First, neither percent Pill count nor Medication Electronic Monitoring System adherence showed that MPH was superior to placebo. In fact, placebo showed slightly higher adherence rates on the primary (7.82% better than MPH) and secondary (7.07% better than MPH) outcomes. There was a less than 25% chance of MPH augmentation showing at least as good or better adherence than placebo. Second, both groups showed a significant effect of treatment on the QIDS-SR with a median effect of an 8.6-point score reduction. Third, neither subjective measures of adherence attitudes nor socio-demographic covariates had a significant influence on the primary or secondary outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support the use of MPH to increase adherence to antidepressant medication in individuals with moderate to severe depression. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03388164 , registered on 01/02/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Paulus
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XOxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA
| | - Teresa A. Victor
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.239559.10000 0004 0415 5050Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XOxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
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57
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Yeung MK, Lee TL, Chan AS. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to decreased lateral prefrontal cortex functioning during cognitive control in older people. Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108224. [PMID: 34785277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have found a relationship between negative emotional symptoms and decreased lateral PFC functioning during a cognitive control task in healthy younger adults. Here, we asked whether this relationship is also present in the general older population and across different functional domains of the lateral PFC. Thirty-six older people (13 males) self-reported their recent depressive and anxiety symptoms. They also took two cognitive control tasks known to differentially engage the lateral frontoparietal network (digit n-back task) and the lateral frontotemporal network (Category Fluency Test) while hemodynamic changes in the PFC were monitored by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Both depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased activation in the bilateral lateral PFC during cognitive control performance. Interestingly, these relationships were driven by the n-back task. Our findings suggest that depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to decreased lateral PFC functioning in particular domains of cognitive control among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz L Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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58
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Nelson BW, Sheeber L, Pfeifer JH, Allen NB. Affective and Autonomic Reactivity During Parent-Child Interactions in Depressed and Non-Depressed Mothers and Their Adolescent Offspring. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1513-1526. [PMID: 34142271 PMCID: PMC8483768 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression presents risks that are profound and intergenerational, yet research on the association of depression with the physiological processes that might be associated with impaired mental and physical health has only recently been contextualized within the family environment. Participants in this multi-method case-control study were 180 mother-adolescent dyads (50% mothers with a history of depression treatment and current depressive symptoms). In order to examine the association between maternal depression and affective and autonomic reactivity amongst these mothers and their adolescent offspring we collected self-reported measures of positive and negative affect, as well as measures of cardiovascular and electrodermal autonomic activity, during mother-adolescent interaction tasks. Findings indicated that depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring exhibited greater self-reported negative affect reactivity during a problem-solving interaction and blunted (i.e., low) sympathetic activity as measured via skin conductance level across both interaction tasks. These effects remained significant after controlling for a range of potential covariates, including medication use, sex, age, adolescents own mental health symptoms, and behavior of the other interactant, along with correcting for multiple comparisons. Findings indicate that depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring both exhibit patterns of affect and physiology during interactions that are different from those of non-depressed mothers and their offspring, including increased negative affect reactivity during negative interactions and blunted sympathetic activity across both positive and negative interactions. These findings have potential implications for understanding the role of family processes in the intergenerational transmission of risk for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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59
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Wang J, Luo Y, Aleman A, Martens S. Training the attentional blink: subclinical depression decreases learning potential. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1980-1995. [PMID: 34674013 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) reflects a temporal restriction of selective attention and is generally regarded as a very robust phenomenon. However, previous studies have found large individual differences in AB performance, and under some training conditions the AB can be reduced significantly. One factor that may account for individual differences in AB magnitude is the ability to accurately time attention. In the current study, we focus on the sensitivity for temporal information on the ability to control attention. Following a visual AB task, a time estimation task was presented in either the visual or auditory modality, followed by another visual AB task. It was found that the time estimation training in both the auditory and visual modality reduced AB magnitude. Although a reduction in AB magnitude was also observed when individuals were trained on a control task (either an auditory frequency or visual line length estimation task), the effect was significantly larger following the time estimation tasks. In addition, it was found that individuals who showed most improvement on the visual time estimation task, also showed the largest reduction in AB magnitude, which was not the case for individuals who were trained on the control tasks. Finally, a negative correlation was observed between depression scores (tested by Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF) scores and the improvement in the AB and time estimation tasks. Our findings demonstrate clear links between timing ability and mechanisms to control attention and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuejia Luo
- 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,The Research Center of Brain Science and Visual Cognition, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650504, China. .,College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Andre Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Sander Martens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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60
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The Level of Self-Esteem May Influence the Effect of Positive Self-Statements. An EEG Alpha Asymmetry Pilot Study. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Affirmative statements are widely recognized as a reliable tool that enhances personal resources to manage life demands, including stress-coping and emotional adaptability. However, recent data suggest that contrary effects can be obtained regarding the global self-esteem level. The current study focused on an approach for recognizing affirmation-induced responses in electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha asymmetry. (2) Methods: EEG data were collected from a total of 45 males (16–20 years) on a baseline condition and compared to EEG data produced when listening to positive self-statements, regarding self-esteem as a covariate. (3) Results: The study revealed relative left-frontal alpha asymmetry, indicating an approach-related motivational state, and right alpha asymmetry in parieto-temporal regions, indicating lower anxiety. This increased with higher self-esteem scores, with a more prominent moderation effect in experimental conditions. These results support and extend previous reports suggesting an adverse effect of positive self-statements for people with lower global self-esteem. (4) Conclusions: Positive self-statements may produce a differing physiological effect regarding an individual’s global self-esteem level, with an adverse effect for people with lower self-esteem scores. These data highlight the need to consider differentiation of psychological approaches between people with higher and lower self-esteem levels.
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61
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Hua H, Jin J, Zhu L, Shu L, Xu X, Kuang F, Liu Y. Relaxation Degree Analysis Using Frontal Electroencephalogram Under Virtual Reality Relaxation Scenes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:719869. [PMID: 34630012 PMCID: PMC8500181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.719869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing social pressure enhances the psychological burden on individuals, and the severity of depression can no longer be ignored. The characteristics of high immersion and interactivity enhance virtual reality (VR) application in psychological therapy. Many studies have verified the effectiveness of VR relaxation therapy, although a few have performed a quantitative study on relaxation state (R-state). To confirm the effectiveness of VR relaxation and quantitatively assess relaxation, this study confirmed the effectiveness of the VR sightseeing relaxation scenes using subjective emotion scale and objective electroencephalogram (EEG) data from college students. Moreover, some EEG features with significant consistent differences after they watched the VR scenes were detected including the energy ratio of the alpha wave, gamma wave, and differential asymmetry. An R-state regression model was then built using the model stacking method for optimization, of which random forest regression, AdaBoost, gradient boosting (GB), and light GB were adopted as the first level, while linear regression and support vector machine were applied at the second level. The leave-one-subject-out method for cross-validation was used to evaluate the results, where the mean accuracy of the framework achieved 81.46%. The significantly changed features and the R-state model with over 80% accuracy have laid a foundation for further research on relaxation interaction systems. Moreover, the VR relaxation therapy was applied to the clinical treatment of patients with depression and achieved preliminary good results, which might provide a possible method for non-drug treatment of patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiang Hua
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiu Jin
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingqing Zhu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of South China University of Technology, Zhongshan, China
| | - Feng Kuang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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62
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Reorganization of the Social Brain in Individuals with Only One Intact Cerebral Hemisphere. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080965. [PMID: 34439583 PMCID: PMC8392565 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognition and emotion are ubiquitous human processes that recruit a reliable set of brain networks in healthy individuals. These brain networks typically comprise midline (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex) as well as lateral regions of the brain including homotopic regions in both hemispheres (e.g., left and right temporo-parietal junction). Yet the necessary roles of these networks, and the broader roles of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in socioemotional functioning, remains debated. Here, we investigated these questions in four rare adults whose right (three cases) or left (one case) cerebral hemisphere had been surgically removed (to a large extent) to treat epilepsy. We studied four closely matched healthy comparison participants, and also compared the patient findings to data from a previously published larger healthy comparison sample (n = 33). Participants completed standardized socioemotional and cognitive assessments to investigate social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained during passive viewing of a short, animated movie that distinctively recruits two social brain networks: one engaged when thinking about other agents’ internal mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires, emotions; so-called Theory of Mind or ToM network), and the second engaged when thinking about bodily states (e.g., pain, hunger; so-called PAIN network). Behavioral assessments demonstrated remarkably intact general cognitive functioning in all individuals with hemispherectomy. Social-emotional functioning was somewhat variable in the hemispherectomy participants, but strikingly, none of these individuals had consistently impaired social-emotional processing and none of the assessment scores were consistent with a psychiatric disorder. Using inter-region correlation analyses, we also found surprisingly typical ToM and PAIN networks, as well as typical differentiation of the two networks (in the intact hemisphere of patients with either right or left hemispherectomy), based on idiosyncratic reorganization of cortical activation. The findings argue that compensatory brain networks can process social and emotional information following hemispherectomy across different age levels (from 3 months to 20 years old), and suggest that social brain networks typically distributed across midline and lateral brain regions in this domain can be reorganized, to a substantial degree.
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Cerebral perfusion disturbances in chronic mild traumatic brain injury correlate with psychoemotional outcomes. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1438-1449. [PMID: 32734434 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study explored associations between hemodynamic changes and psychoemotional status in 32 patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 31 age-matched healthy volunteers. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) values were obtained using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in brain regions suspected to play a role in anxiety and depression. Patients were administered self-report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms and underwent neuropsychological assessment. As a group mTBI patients scored significantly below age- and education-adjusted population norms on multiple cognitive domains and reported high rates of anxiety and depression symptomatology. Significantly reduced CBF values were detected in the mTBI group compared to controls in dorsolateral prefrontal areas, putamen, and hippocampus, bilaterally. Within the mTBI group, depressive symptomatology was significantly associated with lower perfusion in the left anterior cingulate gyrus and higher perfusion in the putamen, bilaterally. The latter association was independent from verbal working memory capacity. Moreover, anxiety symptomatology was associated with lower perfusion in the hippocampus (after controlling for verbal episodic memory difficulties). Associations between regional perfusion and psychoemotional scores were specific to depression or anxiety, respectively, and independent of the presence of visible lesions on conventional MRI. Results are discussed in relation to the role of specific limbic and paralimbic regions in the pathogenesis of symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Li G, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Li D, Liang X, Chen Y, Cui Y, Yap PT, Qiu S, Zhang H, Shen D. Multiscale neural modeling of resting-state fMRI reveals executive-limbic malfunction as a core mechanism in major depressive disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102758. [PMID: 34284335 PMCID: PMC8313604 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a grand challenge to human health and society, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that MDD is associated with abnormal interactions and dynamics in two major neural systems including the default mode - salience (DMN-SAL) network and the executive - limbic (EXE-LIM) network, but it is not clear which network plays a central role and which network plays a subordinate role in MDD pathophysiology. To address this question, we refined a newly developed Multiscale Neural Model Inversion (MNMI) framework and applied it to test whether MDD is more affected by impaired circuit interactions in the DMN-SAL network or the EXE-LIM network. The model estimates the directed connection strengths between different neural populations both within and between brain regions based on resting-state fMRI data collected from normal healthy subjects and patients with MDD. Results show that MDD is primarily characterized by abnormal circuit interactions in the EXE-LIM network rather than the DMN-SAL network. Specifically, we observe reduced frontoparietal effective connectivity that potentially contributes to hypoactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and decreased intrinsic inhibition combined with increased excitation from the superior parietal cortex (SPC) that potentially lead to amygdala hyperactivity, together resulting in activation imbalance in the PFC-amygdala circuit that pervades in MDD. Moreover, the model reveals reduced PFC-to-hippocampus excitation but decreased SPC-to-thalamus inhibition in MDD population that potentially lead to hypoactivity in the hippocampus and hyperactivity in the thalamus, consistent with previous experimental data. Overall, our findings provide strong support for the long-standing limbic-cortical dysregulation model in major depression but also offer novel insights into the multiscale pathophysiology of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshi Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting Zheng
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Danian Li
- Cerebropathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cerebropathy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pew-Thian Yap
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
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Richter A, Al-Bayati M, Paraskevopoulou F, Krämer B, Pruessner JC, Binder EB, Gruber O. Interaction of FKBP5 variant rs3800373 and city living alters the neural stress response in the anterior cingulate cortex. Stress 2021; 24:421-429. [PMID: 33541187 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1855420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress effects of urban living are associated with substantially increased risk for schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, by altering stress-induced activity in the amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Genetic factors are likely to modulate the impact of city living on stress processing. Growing evidence suggests a key role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone regulating the glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, in the etiology of stress-related disorders. Here we investigated the interaction of city living and genetic variation in FKBP5 (rs3800373) on neural activity in stress-sensitive brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 31 healthy young adults using the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Subjects were divided into groups depending on the number of inhabitants of their current residency. There was a significant main effect of city living on neural activity in the amygdala-hippocampus complex, replicating prior findings. Moreover, we found an interaction between rs3800373 and city living modulating responses in the bilateral subgenual ACC and right pregenual ACC. Specifically, only city dwellers carrying the FKBP5 minor risk allele showed increased stress responses in the subgenual and pregenual ACC when compared to those living in small towns. A significant gene-environment interaction on neural stress responses in the amygdala or hippocampus was only found in FKBP5 major allele carriers. These results point to a potential role of the FKBP5 rs3800373 minor risk allele in predisposing those who live in bigger cities to changes of functional responsivity in the pre- and subgenual ACC, thereby increasing the risk for developing stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Al-Bayati
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Foteini Paraskevopoulou
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Peng X, Wu X, Gong R, Yang R, Wang X, Zhu W, Lin P. Sub-regional anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity revealed default network subsystem dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1687-1695. [PMID: 32151293 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder characterized by impairments in affect, behaviour and cognition. Previous studies have indicated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, we systematically identified changes in functional connectivity (FC) for ACC subdivisions that manifest in MDD and further investigated the relationship between these changes and the clinical symptoms of depression. METHODS Sub-regional ACC FC was estimated in 41 first-episode medication-naïve MDD patients compared to 43 healthy controls. The relationships between depressive symptom severity and aberrant FC of ACC subdivisions were investigated. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis to generate the distributions of MDD-related abnormal regions from previously reported results and compared them to FC deficits revealed in this study. RESULTS In MDD patients, the subgenual and perigenual ACC demonstrated decreased FC with the posterior regions of the default network (DN), including the posterior inferior parietal lobule and posterior cingulate cortex. FC of these regions was negatively associated with the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire scores and largely overlapped with previously reported abnormal regions. In addition, reduced FC between the caudal ACC and precuneus was negatively correlated with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores. We also found increased FC between the rostral ACC and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed that functional interaction changes in different ACC sub-regions are specific and associated with distinct symptoms of depression. Our findings provide new insights into the role of ACC sub-regions and DN in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruxue Gong
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Lin
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Weon HW, Byun YE, Lim HJ. Quantitative EEG (QEEG) Analysis of Emotional Interaction between Abusers and Victims in Intimate Partner Violence: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050570. [PMID: 33946692 PMCID: PMC8145537 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) and their victims have different emotional states. Abusers typically have problems associated with low self-esteem, low self-awareness, violence, anger, and communication, whereas victims experience mental distress and physical pain. The emotions surrounding IPV for both abuser and victim are key influences on their behavior and their relationship. Methods: The objective of this pilot study was to examine emotional and psychological interactions between IPV abusers and victims using quantified electroencephalogram (QEEG). Two abuser–victim case couples and one non-abusive control couple were recruited from the Mental Image Recovery Program for domestic violence victims in Seoul, South Korea, from 7–30 June 2017. Data collection and analysis were conducted using BrainMaster and NeuroGuide. The emotional pattern characteristics between abuser and victim were examined and compared to those of the non-abusive couple. Results: Emotional states and reaction patterns were different for the non-abusive and IPV couples. Strong delta, theta, and beta waves in the right frontal and left prefrontal lobes were observed in IPV case subjects. This indicated emotional conflict, anger, and a communication block or impaired communication between abuser and victim. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest brainwave control training via neurofeedback could be a possible therapy in managing emotional and communication problems related to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Wook Weon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Science, Seoul University of Buddhism, Seoul 08559, Korea;
| | - Youn-Eon Byun
- Department of Youth Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Ja Lim
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Dwivedi Y. Differential and unique patterns of synaptic miRNA expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:900-910. [PMID: 32919404 PMCID: PMC8115313 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Altered synaptic plasticity is often associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Disease-associated changes in synaptic functions are tightly correlated with altered microRNA (miRNA) expression. Here, we examined the role of miRNAs and their functioning at the synapse in MDD by examining miRNA processing machinery at synapse and sequencing miRNAs and analyzing their functions in synaptic and total tissue fractions obtained from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of 15 MDD and 15 matched non-psychiatric control subjects. A total of 333 miRNAs were reliably detected in the total tissue fraction. Multiple testing following the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate [FDR] showed that 18 miRNAs were significantly altered (1 downregulated 4 up and 13 downregulated; p < 0.05) in MDD subjects. Out of 351 miRNAs reliably expressed in the synaptic fraction, 24 were uniquely expressed at synapse. In addition, 8 miRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-202-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-219a-2-3p; miR-511-5p, miR-483-5p showed significant (FDR corrected; p < 0.05) differential regulation in the synaptic fraction from dlPFC of MDD subjects. In vitro transfection studies and gene ontology revealed involvement of these altered miRNAs in synaptic plasticity, nervous system development, and neurogenesis. A shift in expression ratios (synaptic vs. total fraction) of miR-19b-3p, miR-376c-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-337-3p were also noted in the MDD group. Moreover, an inverse relationship between the expression of precursor (pre-miR-19b-1, pre-miR-199a-1 and pre-miR-199a-2) and mature (miR-19b-3p, miR-199a-3p) miRNAs was found. Although not significantly, several miRNA processing enzymes (DROSHA [95%], DICER [17%], TARBP2 [38%]) showed increased expression patterns in MDD subjects. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the regulation of miRNAs at the synapse and their possible roles in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Marxen M, Jacob MJ, Hellrung L, Riedel P, Smolka MN. Questioning the role of amygdala and insula in an attentional capture by emotional stimuli task. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1257-1267. [PMID: 33216427 PMCID: PMC7927307 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our senses are constantly monitoring the environment for emotionally salient stimuli that are potentially relevant for survival. Because of our limited cognitive resources, emotionally salient distractors prolong reaction times (RTs) as compared to neutral distractors. In addition, many studies have reported fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation of both the amygdala and the anterior insula for similar valence contrasts. However, a direct correlation of trail-by-trial BOLD activity with RTs has not been shown, yet, which would be a crucial piece of evidence to relate the two observations. To investigate the role of the above two regions in the context of emotional distractor effects, we study here the correlation between BOLD activity and RTs for a simple attentional capture by emotional stimuli (ACES) choice reaction time task using a general linear subject-level model with a parametric RT regressor. We found significant regression coefficients in the anterior insula, supplementary motor cortex, medial precentral regions, sensory-motor areas and others, but not in the amygdala, despite activation of both insula and amygdala in the traditional valence contrast across trials (i.e., negative vs. neutral pictures). In addition, we found that subjects that exhibit a stronger RT distractor effect across trials also show a stronger BOLD valence contrast in the right anterior insula but not in the amygdala. Our results indicate that the current neuroimaging-based evidence for the involvement of the amygdala in RT slowing is limited. We advocate that models of emotional capture should incorporate both the amygdala and the anterior insula as separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marxen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Mark J. Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Lydia Hellrung
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Department of EconomicsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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PTEN in prefrontal cortex is essential in regulating depression-like behaviors in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:185. [PMID: 33771972 PMCID: PMC7998021 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is an environmental risk factor for depression and causes neuronal atrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions. It is still unclear about the molecular mechanism underlying the behavioral alterations and neuronal atrophy induced by chronic stress. We here report that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a mediator for chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors and neuronal atrophy in mice. One-month chronic restraint stress (CRS) up-regulated PTEN signaling pathway in the PFC of mice as indicated by increasing levels of PTEN, p-MEK, and p-ERK but decreasing levels of p-AKT. Over-expression of Pten in the PFC led to an increase of depression-like behaviors, whereas genetic inactivation or knockdown of Pten in the PFC prevented the CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. In addition, systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor was also able to prevent these behaviors. Cellular examination showed that Pten over-expression or the CRS treatment resulted in PFC neuron atrophy, and this atrophy was blocked by genetic inactivation of Pten or systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor. Furthermore, possible causal link between Pten and glucocorticoids was examined. In chronic dexamethasone (Dex, a glucocorticoid agonist) treatment-induced depression model, increased PTEN levels were observed, and depression-like behaviors and PFC neuron atrophy were attenuated by the administration of PTEN inhibitor. Our results indicate that PTEN serves as a key mediator in chronic stress-induced neuron atrophy as well as depression-like behaviors, providing molecular evidence supporting the synaptic plasticity theory of depression.
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Costanzi M, Cianfanelli B, Santirocchi A, Lasaponara S, Spataro P, Rossi-Arnaud C, Cestari V. Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040241. [PMID: 33810436 PMCID: PMC8066077 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed "intentional" and "incidental" forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Cianfanelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Santirocchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Clelia Rossi-Arnaud
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
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Baptist J, Thompson DE, Spencer C, Mowla MR, Love HA, Su Y. Clinical efficacy of EMDR in unipolar depression: Changes in theta cordance. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113696. [PMID: 33387752 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating major depressive disorder. EMDR increases cerebral perfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Activity in the ACC and dlPFC can be measured by theta cordance (TC) but has not been examined in EMDR. Ten participants (3 men, 7 women, M age = 42.31 ± 15.03) received ten 75 ± 15 minute EMDR sessions over 6.5 ± .5 weeks. Results indicated that PHQ-9 depression scores reduced from T1 (M = 13.9 ± 3.31) to T11 (M = 6.30 ± 3.23) with EMDR (SMD = 2.30), and that fTC but not pfTC was significantly related to this change. Depression declined as fTC declined. EMDR may engage the dlPFC or ACC that modulates depression and aid in reducing fTC and thus depression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yile Su
- Florida State University, USA
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Edmiston EK, Womer FY, Jiang X, Wu F, Kong L, Zhou Y, Wang F, Tang Y, Wei S. Alterations in gray matter volumes and intrinsic activity in the prefrontal cortex are associated with suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111229. [PMID: 33242746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased suicidal behavior. Understanding the neural features of suicide attempts (SA) in patients with BD is critical to preventing suicidal behavior. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key region related to SA. In this study, forty BD patients with a history of SA (BD+SA), 70 BD patients without a history of SA (BD-SA), and 110 individuals in a healthy control (HC) group underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) techniques to examine the gray matter volumes (GMVs) and ALFF values in the PFC. Compared with the HC group, both the BD+SA and BD-SA groups had lower GMVs and higher ALFF values in the medial PFC (MPFC), ventral PFC (VPFC), and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). The ALFF values in the MPFC, VPFC, and DLPFC in the BD+SA group were significantly higher than those in the BD-SA group. These findings suggest that BD patients with SA have intrinsic activity abnormalities in PFC regions. This provides potentially identifiable neuroimaging markers in BD patients with SA that could be used to increase our understanding of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China; Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Elliot K Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China; Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North St., Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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74
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Emotion regulation in emerging adults with major depressive disorder and frequent cannabis use. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102575. [PMID: 33588323 PMCID: PMC7895841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Linear mixed modelling was used to analyze fMRI data on an emotion task. Cannabis use and major depressive disorder interacted with emotion regulation. The biggest effects were observed in the left temporal lobe. Emotion regulation strategy and depressive symptoms also predicted activity. The combination of MDD and cannabis was more complex than strictly additive.
In people with mental health issues, approximately 20% have co-occurring substance use, often involving cannabis. Although emotion regulation can be affected both by major depressive disorder (MDD) and by cannabis use, the relationship among all three factors is unknown. In this study, we used fMRI to evaluate the effect that cannabis use and MDD have on brain activation during an emotion regulation task. Differences were assessed in 74 emerging adults aged 16–23 with and without MDD who either used or did not use cannabis. Severity of depressive symptoms, emotion regulation style, and age of cannabis use onset were also measured. Both MDD and cannabis use interacted with the emotion regulation task in the left temporal lobe, however the location of the interaction differed for each factor. Specifically, MDD showed an interaction with emotion regulation in the middle temporal gyrus, whereas cannabis use showed an interaction in the superior temporal gyrus. Emotion regulation style predicted activity in the right superior frontal gyrus, however, this did not interact with MDD or cannabis use. Severity of depressive symptoms interacted with the emotion regulation task in the left middle temporal gyrus. The results highlight the influence of cannabis use and MDD on emotion regulation processing, suggesting that both may have a broader impact on the brain than previously thought.
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75
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Warren SL, Heller W, Miller GA. The Structure of Executive Dysfunction in Depression and Anxiety. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:208-216. [PMID: 33059224 PMCID: PMC7738359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has demonstrated that depression and anxiety are associated with problematic executive function (EF), results are often inconsistent and underspecified. Delineating specific EF impairments in depression and anxiety has the potential to provide a mechanistic account of symptom presentation and course in these highly co-occurring disorders. The present study evaluated associations between components of EF and symptom dimensions of depression (depressed mood) and anxiety (anxious apprehension, anxious arousal) using factor analyses and structural equation modeling. METHODS Undergraduates (N = 1,123) completed self-report measures of EF in everyday life and of psychopathology. Based on a three-factor model (Miyake et al., 2000), item-level exploratory (n = 561) and confirmatory (n = 562) factor analyses were conducted on inhibition, shifting, and working memory scales chosen from the EF measure. Structural equation modeling tested the relationship of EF factors to dimensions of psychopathology using the total sample. RESULTS A three-factor model of EF best fit the data and was replicated via confirmatory factor analysis. Depressed mood and anxious arousal evidenced broad deficits across all EF domains, whereas anxious apprehension evidenced shifting disruptions. LIMITATIONS Perceived EF may not index the same constructs as performance-based EF tests. Further, the present study was restricted to college students, warranting replication in other samples. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that depressed mood and anxious arousal are characterized by a general disruption in the ability to maintain task goals, whereas anxious apprehension is characterized by cognitive inflexibility. EF impairments are likely contributory factors in the maintenance of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L Warren
- Palo Alto University, Department of Psychology, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820.
| | - Wendy Heller
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Gregory A Miller
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, 951563
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76
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Comparison of Biofeedback and Combined Interventions on Athlete's Performance. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 46:227-234. [PMID: 33386459 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-020-09498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the comparison of neurofeedback and biofeedback as a combination, against biofeedback intervention alone on athletic performance. 45 novice basketball players were allocated into three groups and assigned accordingly, two experimental and one control group. The experimental group 1 received 24 biofeedback sessions only, experimental group 2 received 24 biofeedback and neurofeedback sessions combined, whereas the control group didn't receive any form of intervention. Athletic performance scales were used before and after each intervention and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the two groups. Results showed that in comparison to the control group, the athletic performance scales scores in both experimental groups were significantly increased. Furthermore, in experimental group 2 (combined method), we noticed a significantly greater improvement in performance levels than experimental group 1. We concluded that neurofeedback and biofeedback interventions combined, can be used as an effective method to enhance athletic performance.
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77
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Naseri P, Alavi Majd H, Tabatabaei SM, Khadembashi N, Najibi SM, Nazari A. Functional Brain Response to Emotional Musical Stimuli in Depression, Using INLA Approach for Approximate Bayesian Inference. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:95-104. [PMID: 33995932 PMCID: PMC8114858 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One of the vital skills which has an impact on emotional health and well-being is the regulation of emotions. In recent years, the neural basis of this process has been considered widely. One of the powerful tools for eliciting and regulating emotion is music. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is part of the emotional neural circuitry involved in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current study uses functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to examine how neural processing of emotional musical auditory stimuli is changed within the ACC in depression. Statistical inference is conducted using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach with an Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm. Methods: A new proposed Bayesian approach was applied for assessing functional response to emotional musical auditory stimuli in a block design fMRI data with 105 scans of two healthy and depressed women. In this Bayesian approach, Unweighted Graph-Laplacian (UGL) prior was chosen for spatial dependency, and autoregressive (AR) (1) process was used for temporal correlation via pre-weighting residuals. Finally, the inference was conducted using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm in the R-INLA package. Results: The results revealed that positive music, as compared to negative music, elicits stronger activation within the ACC area in both healthy and depressed subjects. In comparing MDD and Never-Depressed (ND) individuals, a significant difference was found between MDD and ND groups in response to positive music vs negative music stimuli. The activations increase from baseline to positive stimuli and decrease from baseline to negative stimuli in ND subjects. Also, a significant decrease from baseline to positive stimuli was observed in MDD subjects, but there was no significant difference between baseline and negative stimuli. Conclusion: Assessing the pattern of activations within ACC in a depressed individual may be useful in retraining the ACC and improving its function, and lead to more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Naseri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Alavi Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Khadembashi
- Department of English Language, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atiye Nazari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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78
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Kim H, Kim DJ, Kim S, Chung WH, Park KA, Kim JDK, Kim D, Kim MJ, Kim K, Jeon HJ. Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:614539. [PMID: 34447320 PMCID: PMC8384255 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although, attempts to apply virtual reality (VR) in mental healthcare are rapidly increasing, it is still unclear whether VR relaxation can reduce stress more than conventional biofeedback. Methods: Participants consisted of 83 healthy adult volunteers with high stress, which was defined as a score of 20 or more on the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). This study used an open, randomized, crossover design with baseline, stress, and relaxation phases. During the stress phase, participants experienced an intentionally generated shaking VR and serial-7 subtraction. For the relaxation phase, participants underwent a randomly assigned relaxation session on day 1 among VR relaxation and biofeedack, and the other type of relaxation session was applied on day 2. We compared the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1 (STAI-X1), STAI-X2, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and physiological parameters including heart rate variability (HRV) indexes in the stress and relaxation phases. Results: A total of 74 participants were included in the analyses. The median age of participants was 39 years, STAI-X1 was 47.27 (SD = 9.92), and NRS was 55.51 (SD = 24.48) at baseline. VR and biofeedback significantly decreased STAI-X1 and NRS from the stress phase to the relaxation phase, while the difference of effect between VR and biofeedback was not significant. However, there was a significant difference in electromyography, LF/HF ratio, LF total, and NN50 between VR relaxation and biofeedback. Conclusion: VR relaxation was effective in reducing subjectively reported stress in individuals with high stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ho Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James D K Kim
- AR Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Advanced Solution Team, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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79
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Kirschbaum-Lesch I, Holtmann M, Legenbauer T. Deficits in Emotion Regulation Partly Mediate the Relation Between Sleep Problems and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent Inpatients With Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:622833. [PMID: 34122162 PMCID: PMC8195336 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are a risk factor for the development of depressive disorders and influence the severity and treatment of depressive symptoms negatively. To enhance treatment for depression in young people, it is important to advance the understanding of the relationship between sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Since deficits in emotion regulation are discussed as possible underlying mechanisms, the present study investigated the mediating effect of maladaptive and adaptive strategies for emotion regulation on the association between sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Emotion regulation strategies, depression and sleep quality were assessed via self-report in a large clinical sample of 602 adolescents (age 13-18 years) who reported clinically relevant symptoms of depression. The questionnaires were assessed at admission for inpatient psychiatric treatment. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed. There was a significant partial mediation effect (β = 0.554, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.527), indicating that sleep problems influenced depressive symptoms via the decreased use of adaptive strategies and the increased use of maladaptive strategies. Additionally, a direct effect of sleep problems on depressive symptoms emerged (β = 0.251, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.364). This cross-sectional study provides first indications that additional treatment modules focusing on sleep and ER skills in prevention and treatment programs for adolescents would be important steps. Longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hamm, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hamm, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hamm, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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80
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Bhattacharyya P, Anand A, Lin J, Altinay M. Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glx/tCr Predicts Efficacy of High Frequency 4- to 6-Week rTMS Treatment and Is Associated With Symptom Improvement in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Findings From a Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665347. [PMID: 34925079 PMCID: PMC8677827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20-40% of estimated 121 million patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are not adequately responsive to medication treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation/neurostimulation method, has gained popularity in treatment of MDD. Because of the high cost involved in rTMS therapy, ability to predict the therapy effectiveness is both clinically and cost wise significant. This study seeks an imaging biomarker to predict efficacy of rTMS treatment using a standard high frequency 10-Hz 4- to 6-week protocol in adult population. Given the significance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology of MDD, and the involvement of the site of rTMS application, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC), in MDD, we explored lDLPFC Glx (Glu + glutamine) and GABA levels, measured by single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with total creatine (tCr; sum of creatine and phosphocreatine) as reference, as possible biomarkers of rTMS response prediction. Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS data from 7 patients (40-74 y) were used in the study; 6 of these patients were scanned before and after 6 weeks of rTMS therapy. Findings from this study show inverse correlation between pretreatment lDLPFC Glx/tCr and (i) posttreatment depression score and (ii) change in depression score, suggesting higher Glx/tCr as a predictor of treatment efficacy. In addition association was observed between changes in depression scores and changes in Glx/tCr ratio. The preliminary findings did not show any such association between GABA/tCr and depression score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhattacharyya
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Murat Altinay
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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81
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Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressed patients are characterized by hypoactivity of the left and hyperactivity of the right frontal areas during the resting state. Depression is also associated with impaired decision-making, which reflects multiple cognitive, affective, and attentional processes, some of which may be lateralized. The aim of this study was to investigate brain asymmetry during a decision-making task performed in negative and positive feedback conditions in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy control participants. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 60 MDD patients and 60 healthy participants while performing a multi-stage decision-making task. Frontal, central, and parietal alpha asymmetry were analyzed with EEGlab/ERPlab software. Evoked potential responses (ERPs) showed general lateralization suggestive of an initial right dominance developing into a more complex pattern of asymmetry across different scalp areas as information was processed. The MDD group showed impaired mood prior to performance, and decreased confidence during performance in comparison to the control group. The resting state frontal alpha asymmetry showed lateralization in the healthy group only. Task-induced alpha power and ERP P100 and P300 amplitudes were more informative biomarkers of depression during decision making. Asymmetry coefficients based on task alpha power and ERP amplitudes showed consistency in the dynamical changes during the decision-making stages. Depression was characterized by a lack of left dominance during the resting state and left hypoactivity during the task baseline and subsequent decision-making process. Findings add to understanding of the functional significance of lateralized brain processes in depression.
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82
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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationships between Work-Related Affective Feelings Expressed by Workers in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249470. [PMID: 33348778 PMCID: PMC7766782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding employees’ feelings at work plays a significant role in developing practical and effective organizational and human resource management policies and practices. Furthermore, work-related emotions may have a considerable effect on workers’ health and wellbeing and affect work effectiveness and work performance. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationships among four work-related (WOR) affective feelings (WORAF) and to validate the WORAF questionnaire in a Turkish sample. A survey was performed including four constructs: (1) WOR feelings of happiness, (2) WOR feelings of anxiety, (3) WOR feelings of anger, and (4) WOR feelings of dejection. A total of 322 workers from various companies in Turkey completed a paper-based survey. A research model was developed, and its main components were estimated with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that dejection and anger at work play a critical role in experienced anxiety in occupational settings. Similarly, dejection, anger, and anxiety at work play a crucial role in perceived happiness at work.
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83
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Brain structural network alterations related to serum cortisol levels in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder patients: a source-based morphometric study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22096. [PMID: 33328539 PMCID: PMC7745014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher cortisol levels due to a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased cortisol levels change both the brain morphology and function in MDD patients. The multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM) technique has been applied to investigate neuroanatomical changes in some neuropsychiatric diseases, but not MDD. We aimed to examine the alterations in gray matter (GM) networks and their relationship with serum cortisol levels in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients using SBM. Forty-two patients with MDD and 39 controls were recruited via interviews. Morning serum cortisol levels were measured, and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging followed by SBM analysis was performed in all participants. The patients had significantly higher serum cortisol levels than the controls. We found two GM sources, which were significantly different between patients with MDD and controls (prefrontal network, p < .01; insula-temporal network, p < .01). Serum cortisol levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the loading coefficients of the prefrontal network (r = − 0.354, p = 0.02). In conclusion, increased serum cortisol levels were associated with reductions in the prefrontal network in the early stage of MDD, and SBM may be a useful approach for analyzing structural MRI data.
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84
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Noreen S, Cooke R, Ridout N. Investigating the mediating effect of working memory on intentional forgetting in dysphoria. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 84:2273-2286. [PMID: 31324973 PMCID: PMC7515956 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine if deficits in intentional forgetting that are associated with depression and dysphoria (subclinical depression) could be explained, at least in part, by variations in working memory function. Sixty dysphoric and 61 non-dysphoric participants completed a modified version of the think/no-think (TNT) task and a measure of complex working memory (the operation span task). The TNT task involved participants learning a series of emotional cue-target word pairs, before being presented with a subset of the cues and asked to either recall the associated target (think) or to prevent it from coming to mind (no think) by thinking about a substitute target word. Participants were subsequently asked to recall the targets to all cues (regardless of previous recall instructions). As expected, after controlling for anxiety, we found that dysphoric individuals exhibited impaired forgetting relative to the non-dysphoric participants. Also as expected, we found that superior working memory function was associated with more successful forgetting. Critically, in the dysphoric group, we found that working memory mediated the effect of depression on intentional forgetting. That is, depression influenced forgetting indirectly via its effect on working memory. However, under conditions of repeated suppression, there was also a direct effect of depression on forgetting. These findings represent an important development in the understanding of impaired forgetting in depression and also suggest that working memory training might be a viable intervention for improving the ability of depressed individuals to prevent unwanted memories from coming to mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Noreen
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathan Ridout
- Department of Psychology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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85
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Yamamoto M, Takamiya A, Sawada K, Yoshimura M, Kitazawa M, Liang KC, Fujita T, Mimura M, Kishimoto T. Using speech recognition technology to investigate the association between timing-related speech features and depression severity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238726. [PMID: 32915846 PMCID: PMC7485753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no reliable and validated objective biomarkers for the assessment of depression severity. We aimed to investigate the association between depression severity and timing-related speech features using speech recognition technology. METHOD Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), those with bipolar disorder (BP), and healthy controls (HC) were asked to engage in a non-structured interview with research psychologists. Using automated speech recognition technology, we measured three timing-related speech features: speech rate, pause time, and response time. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item version (HAMD-17). We conducted the current study to answer the following questions: 1) Are there differences in speech features among MDD, BP, and HC? 2) Do speech features correlate with depression severity? 3) Do changes in speech features correlate with within-subject changes in depression severity? RESULTS We collected 1058 data sets from 241 individuals for the study (97 MDD, 68 BP, and 76 HC). There were significant differences in speech features among groups; depressed patients showed slower speech rate, longer pause time, and longer response time than HC. All timing-related speech features showed significant associations with HAMD-17 total scores. Longitudinal changes in speech rate correlated with changes in HAMD-17 total scores. CONCLUSIONS Depressed individuals showed longer response time, longer pause time, and slower speech rate than healthy individuals, all of which were suggestive of psychomotor retardation. Our study suggests that speech features could be used as objective biomarkers for the assessment of depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sawada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Yoshimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Kitazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuo-ching Liang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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86
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Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Mohamed Ali O, Daoust AR, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Orbitofrontal cortex grey matter volume is related to children's depressive symptoms. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102395. [PMID: 32889399 PMCID: PMC7479290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adults with a history of depression show distinct patterns of grey matter volume (GMV) in frontal cortical (e.g., prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) and limbic (e.g., anterior cingulate, amygdala, hippocampus, dorsal striatum) structures, regions relevant to the processing and regulation of reward, which is impaired in the context of depression. However, it is unclear whether these GMV associations with depression precede depressive disorder onset or whether GMV is related to early emerging symptoms or familial depression. To address these questions, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine GMV in 85 community-dwelling children (M = 11.12 years, SD = 0.63 years) screened for current and lifetime depression. Associations between children's depressive symptoms (self- and mother-report of children's symptoms), children's maternal depression history, and GMV were examined. Although maternal depression history was unrelated to children's GMV, child GMV in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was negatively related to children's self-reported depressive symptoms, using both a priori ROI and whole-brain analyses. Moderated regression analyses indicated that girls' GMV was negatively related to girls' depressive symptoms (as indexed by both self- and mother-report of girls' symptoms), whereas boys' symptoms were positively related to GMV. Our findings suggest that brain morphology in the OFC, a region with functional roles in processes relevant to depressive symptoms (i.e., reward-based learning and reward processing), is associated with early depressive symptoms prior to the development of clinically significant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrew R Daoust
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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87
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Rashtbari A, Saed O. Contrast avoidance model of worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A theoretical perspective. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rashtbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Saed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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88
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Abdollahzadeh Rafi M, Hasanzadeh Avval M, Yazdani AA, Bahrami F. The Influence of Religiosity on the Emotional-Behavioral Health of Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:1870-1888. [PMID: 30565166 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-00747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Religion is a multidimensional structure. Former studies examined only one or a few dimensions of the religion and the study that has looked comprehensively to the topic was not found. Considering this feature, the impact of religion on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents should be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of religiosity on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. Data were collected using religiosity, trauma resilience scale, emotional abuse, and Achenbach's Youth Self Report questionnaires in a 511-person sample of adolescents (318 girls and 193 boys). The results showed that various dimensions of religiosity are positively correlated with emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. A positive correlation was found between individual and familial factors with emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. Religiosity directly affects the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. It also indirectly affects the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents through familial and individual factors. These findings show the important role of individual and familial factors in the impact of religiosity on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abas Ali Yazdani
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Bahrami
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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89
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Chen BK, Luna VM, LaGamma CT, Xu X, Deng SX, Suckow RF, Cooper TB, Shah A, Brachman RA, Mendez-David I, David DJ, Gardier AM, Landry DW, Denny CA. Sex-specific neurobiological actions of prophylactic (R,S)-ketamine, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, and (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1545-1556. [PMID: 32417852 PMCID: PMC7360766 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing stress resilience in at-risk populations could significantly reduce the incidence of stress-related psychiatric disorders. We have previously reported that the administration of (R,S)-ketamine prevents stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice, perhaps by altering α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated transmission in hippocampal CA3. However, it is still unknown whether metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine can be prophylactic in both sexes. We administered (R,S)-ketamine or its metabolites (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK) and (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine ((2S,6S)-HNK) at various doses 1 week before one of a number of stressors in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice. Patch clamp electrophysiology was used to determine the effect of prophylactic drug administration on glutamatergic activity in CA3. To examine the interaction between ovarian hormones and stress resilience, female mice also underwent ovariectomy (OVX) surgery and a hormone replacement protocol prior to drug administration. (2S,6S)-HNK and (2R,6R)-HNK protected against distinct stress-induced behaviors in both sexes, with (2S,6S)-HNK attenuating learned fear in male mice, and (2R,6R)-HNK preventing stress-induced depressive-like behavior in both sexes. (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK, but not (2S,6S)-HNK, attenuated large-amplitude AMPAR-mediated bursts in hippocampal CA3. All three compounds reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated currents 1 week after administration. Furthermore, ovarian-derived hormones were necessary for and sufficient to restore (R,S)-ketamine- and (2R,6R)-HNK-mediated prophylaxis in female mice. Our data provide further evidence that resilience-enhancing prophylactics may alter AMPAR-mediated glutamatergic transmission in CA3. Moreover, we show that prophylactics against stress-induced depressive-like behavior can be developed in a sex-specific manner and demonstrate that ovarian hormones are necessary for the prophylactic efficacy of (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana K. Chen
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDoctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Victor M. Luna
- 0000 0000 8802 3477grid.281370.fDivision of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Christina T. LaGamma
- 0000 0000 8802 3477grid.281370.fDivision of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000 0004 0543 9901grid.240473.6Present Address: Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fOrganic Chemistry Collaborative Center (OCCC), Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fOrganic Chemistry Collaborative Center (OCCC), Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Raymond F. Suckow
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000 0001 2189 4777grid.250263.0Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
| | - Thomas B. Cooper
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000 0001 2189 4777grid.250263.0Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
| | - Abhishek Shah
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fI.I. Rabi Scholars Program, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Brachman
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Indira Mendez-David
- 0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bUniversité Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Inserm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290 France
| | - Denis J. David
- 0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bUniversité Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Inserm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290 France
| | - Alain M. Gardier
- 0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bUniversité Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Inserm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290 France
| | - Donald W. Landry
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fOrganic Chemistry Collaborative Center (OCCC), Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Christine A. Denny
- 0000 0000 8802 3477grid.281370.fDivision of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY 10032 USA
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90
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Dissociated deficits in attentional networks in social anxiety and depression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1071-1078. [PMID: 32112270 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A critical cognitive symptom that is commonly involved in social anxiety and depression is attentional deficit. However, the functional relationship between attentional deficit and these two disorders remains poorly understood. Here, we behaviorally disentangled the three key attentional components (alerting, orienting, and executive control) using the established attentional network task (ANT) to investigate how social anxiety and depression are related to deficits in these attention components. We identified a double dissociation between the symptoms of social anxiety and depression and the attentional component deficits when processing non-emotional stimuli. While individuals vulnerable to social anxiety exhibited deficits in the orienting component, individuals vulnerable to depression were impaired in the executive control component. Our findings showed that social anxiety and depression were associated with deficits in different attentional components, which are not specific to emotional information.
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91
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The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:746-756. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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92
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Spironelli C, Maffei A, Romeo Z, Piazzon G, Padovan G, Magnolfi G, Pasini I, Gomez Homen F, Concari G, Angrilli A. Evidence of language-related left hypofrontality in Major Depression: An EEG Beta band study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8166. [PMID: 32424130 PMCID: PMC7235005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression (MDD) has been associated with an altered EEG frontal asymmetry measured in resting state; nevertheless, this association has showed a weak consistency across studies. In the present study, which starts from an evolutionistic view of psychiatric disorders, we investigated frontal asymmetry in MDD, using language as a probe to test the integrity of large inter- and intra-hemispheric networks and processes. Thirty MDD patients (22 women) and 32 matched controls (HC) were recruited for an EEG recording in resting state and during two linguistic tasks, phonological and semantic. Normalized alpha and beta EEG spectral bands were measured across all three conditions in the two groups. EEG alpha amplitude showed no hemispheric asymmetry, regardless of group, both at rest and during linguistic tasks. During resting state, analysis of EEG beta revealed a lack of hemispheric asymmetry in both groups, but during linguistic tasks, HC exhibited the typical greater left frontal beta activation, whereas MDD patients showed a lack of frontal asymmetry and a significantly lower activation of left frontal sites. In depressed patients, positive affect was negatively correlated with depression levels and positively correlated with left frontal EEG beta amplitude. Language represents the human process that requires the largest level of integration between and within the hemispheres; thus, language asymmetry was a valid probe to test the left frontal alteration encompassing highly impairing psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and MDD. Indeed, these severe diseases are marked by delusions, ruminations, thought disorders, and hallucinations, all of which have a clear linguistic or metalinguistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Spironelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Maffei
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Piazzon
- Psychiatric Clinic, Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giordano Padovan
- Psychiatric Clinic, Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianna Magnolfi
- Psychiatric Clinic, Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pasini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Angrilli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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93
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Muscatello RA, Andujar J, Taylor JL, Corbett BA. Exploring Key Physiological System Profiles at Rest and the Association with Depressive Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:15-29. [PMID: 32350791 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is often associated with dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience physiological dysregulation and psychological comorbidities; however, the extent to which the interactions between these systems predict internalizing symptoms in ASD has not been investigated. The study examined interactions with the HPA axis and ANS in 10-13-year-old children with ASD (n = 41) and typical development (TD; n = 46). The interrelated systems uniquely contributed to depressive symptoms in ASD above and beyond any system in isolation. A reciprocal, parasympathetic-dominant ANS was related to fewer affective symptoms in ASD. Findings highlight the importance of examining arousal across multiple systems to more precisely identify profiles associated with maladaptive psychiatric outcomes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Muscatello
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Neuroscience Graduate Program, 1500 21st Avenue S., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Justin Andujar
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie L Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Blythe A Corbett
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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94
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Williams JHG, Huggins CF, Zupan B, Willis M, Van Rheenen TE, Sato W, Palermo R, Ortner C, Krippl M, Kret M, Dickson JM, Li CSR, Lowe L. A sensorimotor control framework for understanding emotional communication and regulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:503-518. [PMID: 32070695 PMCID: PMC7505116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our research team was asked to consider the relationship of the neuroscience of sensorimotor control to the language of emotions and feelings. Actions are the principal means for the communication of emotions and feelings in both humans and other animals, and the allostatic mechanisms controlling action also apply to the regulation of emotional states by the self and others. We consider how motor control of hierarchically organised, feedback-based, goal-directed action has evolved in humans, within a context of consciousness, appraisal and cultural learning, to serve emotions and feelings. In our linguistic analysis, we found that many emotion and feelings words could be assigned to stages in the sensorimotor learning process, but the assignment was often arbitrary. The embodied nature of emotional communication means that action words are frequently used, but that the meanings or senses of the word depend on its contextual use, just as the relationship of an action to an emotion is also contextually dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H G Williams
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Charlotte F Huggins
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbra Zupan
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Megan Willis
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, ARC Centre for Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Wataru Sato
- Kyoto University, Kokoro Research Centre, 46 Yoshidashimoadachicho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Romina Palermo
- University of Western Australia, School of Psychological Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine Ortner
- Thompson Rivers University, Department of Psychology, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin Krippl
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Mariska Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology, Pieter de la Court, Waassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, 2333 AK, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Edith Cowan University, Psychology Department, School of Arts and Humanities, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Yale University, Connecticut Mental Health Centre, S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia, Room 229A, Forrester Hall, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 1X5, Canada
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95
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Kramer U, Grandjean L, Beuchat H, Kolly S, Conus P, de Roten Y, Draganski B, Despland JN. Mechanisms of change in brief treatments for borderline personality disorder: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:335. [PMID: 32299512 PMCID: PMC7160891 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most frequent, most debilitating and lethal mental conditions and is associated with a serious burden of disease. Treatment for patients with BPD involves structured psychotherapy, and may involve brief psychiatric treatment as first-line intervention. No controlled study has assessed the effectiveness of such brief intervention. Whereas most psychotherapy studies in patients with BPD focus on the effectiveness of the intervention, we still lack an understanding of how and why these effects are produced from a patient process perspective. It is therefore of utmost importance to study the treatment-underlying mechanisms of change. The present study plans to apply novel measurement methods for assessing change in two central psychobiological processes in BPD: emotion and socio-cognitive processing. The study uses theory-driven and ecologically valid experimental tasks, which take the patient's individual experience as the anchor, by integrating methodology from psychotherapy process and neurofunctional imagery research. METHODS The aim of this two-arm, randomized controlled study is to test the effects (i.e., symptom reduction) and the underlying mechanisms of change associated with a brief psychiatric treatment (10 sessions over 4 months), compared with treatment as usual. Participants (N = 80 patients with BPD) undergo assessments at four points (intake, 2 months, discharge, and 12-month follow up). In addition to symptom measures, individuals undergo a 2-step assessment for the potential mechanisms of change (i.e., emotion and socio-cognitive processing): (1) behavioral and (2) (for a sub-sample) neurofunctional. We hypothesize that change in the mechanisms explains the treatment effects. DISCUSSION This study uses an easy-to-implement treatment of BPD, and a sophisticated assessment procedure to demonstrate the critical role of psychobiological change in emotion and socio-cognitive processing in brief treatments. It will help increase the effectiveness of brief treatment for BPD and help diminish the societal burden of disease related to BPD, in these early stages of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION {2}: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03717818. Registered on 24 October 2018). Protocol version {3} number 2 from 9 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Kramer
- Institute of Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Place Chauderon 18, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
- General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Loris Grandjean
- Institute of Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Place Chauderon 18, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Beuchat
- Institute of Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Place Chauderon 18, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Kolly
- General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves de Roten
- Institute of Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Place Chauderon 18, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Nicolas Despland
- Institute of Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Clinic and University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Place Chauderon 18, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Reis JC, Travado L, Antoni MH, Oliveira FPM, Almeida SD, Almeida P, Heller AS, Sousa B, Costa DC. Negative affect and stress-related brain metabolism in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2020; 126:3122-3131. [PMID: 32286691 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and its treatment represent major stressors requiring that patients make multiple adaptations. Despite evidence that poor adaptation to stressors is associated with more distress and negative affect (NA), neuroimmune dysregulation and poorer health outcomes, current understanding is very limited of how NA covaries with central nervous system changes to account for these associations. METHODS NA was correlated with brain metabolic activity using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) in several regions of interest in 61 women with metastatic breast cancer. Patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and completed an assessment of NA using the Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with the standardized uptake value ratio of the insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Voxel-wise correlation analyses within these 5 regions of interest demonstrated high left-right symmetry and the highest NA correlations with the anterior insula, thalamus (medial and ventral portion), lateral prefrontal cortex (right Brodmann area 9 [BA9], left BA45, and right and left BA10 and BA8), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (bilateral BA11). CONCLUSIONS The regions of interest most strongly negatively associated with NA represent key areas for successful adaptation to stressors and may be particularly relevant in patients with metastatic breast cancer who are dealing with multiple challenges of cancer and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim C Reis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luzia Travado
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Cancer Control Program, Miami, Florida
| | - Francisco P M Oliveira
- Nuclear Medicine-Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia D Almeida
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aaron S Heller
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Cancer Control Program, Miami, Florida
| | - Berta Sousa
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Durval C Costa
- Nuclear Medicine-Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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97
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Lotter J, Möller M, Dean O, Berk M, Harvey BH. Studies on Haloperidol and Adjunctive α-Mangostin or Raw Garcinia mangostana Linn Pericarp on Bio-Behavioral Markers in an Immune-Inflammatory Model of Schizophrenia in Male Rats. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32296347 PMCID: PMC7136492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that is associated with neurodevelopmental insults, such as prenatal inflammation, that introduce redox-immune-inflammatory alterations and risk for psychotic symptoms later in life. Nutraceuticals may offer useful adjunctive benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of Garcinia mangostana Linn (GML) and one of its active constituents, α-mangostin (AM), alone and as adjunctive treatment with haloperidol (HAL) on schizophrenia related bio-behavioral alterations in a maternal immune-activation (MIA) model. Sprague-Dawley dams were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n = 18) or vehicle (n = 3) on gestational days 15 and 16. Male offspring (n = 72) were treated from PND 52-66 with either vehicle, HAL (2 mg/kg), GML (50 mg/kg), HAL + GML, AM (20 mg/kg), or HAL + AM. Control dams and control offspring were treated with vehicle. In order to cover the mood-psychosis continuum, prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, open field test (locomotor activity), and the forced swim test (depressive-like behavior) were assessed on PND's 64-65, followed by assay of frontal-cortical lipid peroxidation and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, viz. interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MIA-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating were reversed by HAL and HAL + GML, but not GML and AM alone. MIA-induced depressive-like behavior was reversed by AM and GML alone and both in combination with HAL, with the combinations more effective than HAL. MIA-induced cortical lipid peroxidation was reversed by HAL and AM, with elevated IL-6 levels restored by GML, AM, HAL, and HAL + GML. Elevated TNF-α was only reversed by GML and HAL + GML. Concluding, prenatal LPS-induced psychotic- and depressive-like bio-behavioral alterations in offspring are variably responsive to HAL, GML, and AM, with depressive (but not psychosis-like) manifestations responding to GML, AM, and combinations with HAL. AM may be a more effective antioxidant than GML in vivo, although this does not imply an improved therapeutic response, for which trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lotter
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Olivia Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Department of Psychiatry, The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian H. Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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98
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Ho TC, Gutman B, Pozzi E, Grabe HJ, Hosten N, Wittfeld K, Völzke H, Baune B, Dannlowski U, Förster K, Grotegerd D, Redlich R, Jansen A, Kircher T, Krug A, Meinert S, Nenadic I, Opel N, Dinga R, Veltman DJ, Schnell K, Veer I, Walter H, Gotlib IH, Sacchet MD, Aleman A, Groenewold NA, Stein DJ, Li M, Walter M, Ching CRK, Jahanshad N, Ragothaman A, Isaev D, Zavaliangos‐Petropulu A, Thompson PM, Sämann PG, Schmaal L. Subcortical shape alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:341-351. [PMID: 32198905 PMCID: PMC8675412 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in regional subcortical brain volumes have been investigated as part of the efforts of an international consortium, ENIGMA, to identify reliable neural correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Given that subcortical structures are comprised of distinct subfields, we sought to build significantly from prior work by precisely mapping localized MDD‐related differences in subcortical regions using shape analysis. In this meta‐analysis of subcortical shape from the ENIGMA‐MDD working group, we compared 1,781 patients with MDD and 2,953 healthy controls (CTL) on individual measures of shape metrics (thickness and surface area) on the surface of seven bilateral subcortical structures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus. Harmonized data processing and statistical analyses were conducted locally at each site, and findings were aggregated by meta‐analysis. Relative to CTL, patients with adolescent‐onset MDD (≤ 21 years) had lower thickness and surface area of the subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA) 1 of the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (Cohen's d = −0.164 to −0.180). Relative to first‐episode MDD, recurrent MDD patients had lower thickness and surface area in the CA1 of the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala (Cohen's d = −0.173 to −0.184). Our results suggest that previously reported MDD‐associated volumetric differences may be localized to specific subfields of these structures that have been shown to be sensitive to the effects of stress, with important implications for mapping treatments to patients based on specific neural targets and key clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences San Francisco California USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Boris Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health Melbourne Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Parkville Australia
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medicine Greifswald Germany
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Greifswald/Rostock Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medicine Greifswald Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medicine Greifswald Germany
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Greifswald/Rostock Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald Germany
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | | | | | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Richard Dinga
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Knut Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Ilya Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
- McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts USA
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience Groningen The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE) Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Meng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry University Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | - Dmitry Isaev
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos‐Petropulu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute Keck USC School of Medicine California USA
| | | | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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99
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Hubbard NA, Siless V, Frosch IR, Goncalves M, Lo N, Wang J, Bauer CCC, Conroy K, Cosby E, Hay A, Jones R, Pinaire M, Vaz De Souza F, Vergara G, Ghosh S, Henin A, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Hofmann SG, Rosso IM, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Yendiki A, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Brain function and clinical characterization in the Boston adolescent neuroimaging of depression and anxiety study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102240. [PMID: 32361633 PMCID: PMC7199015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a Human Connectome Project study tailored toward adolescent anxiety and depression. This study is one of the first studies of the Connectomes Related to Human Diseases initiative and is collecting structural, functional, and diffusion-weighted brain imaging data from up to 225 adolescents (ages 14-17 years), 150 of whom are expected to have a current diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and longitudinal clinical data are also being collected. This article provides an overview of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols and preliminary findings (N = 140), as well as clinical and neuropsychological characterization of adolescents. Data collection is ongoing for an additional 85 adolescents, most of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Data from the first 140 adolescents are projected for public release through the National Institutes of Health Data Archive (NDA) with the timing of this manuscript. All other data will be made publicly-available through the NDA at regularly scheduled intervals. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this project as well as a reference for those seeking to clinical, neurocognitive, and task fMRI data from this public resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hubbard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - V Siless
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I R Frosch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - M Goncalves
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - N Lo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C C C Bauer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - K Conroy
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Cosby
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Hay
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Pinaire
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F Vaz De Souza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - G Vergara
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - S Ghosh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Henin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D R Hirshfeld-Becker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S G Hofmann
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I M Rosso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - R P Auerbach
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J D E Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - S Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
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100
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Choi KW, Han KM, Kim H, Kim A, Kang W, Kang Y, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Comparison of shape alterations of the thalamus and caudate nucleus between drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:279-285. [PMID: 32056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although structural alterations have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), very few studies have compared the shape alterations of the subcortical regions between drug-naïve MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Therefore, we investigated and compared the subcortical shape alterations and volumetric changes between drug-naïve MDD patients and HCs in this study. METHODS This study included 45 drug-naïve MDD patients and 83 HCs, who underwent three-dimensional (3-D) T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Surface-based vertex analysis (SVA) was performed with automated segmentation of the bilateral caudate nuclei, putamina, nuclei accumbens, thalami, pallidum, hippocampi, amygdalae, and brainstem. SVA revealed regional contractions of the thalamus (bilateral medial and lateral nuclei) and right caudate nucleus (medial wall and anterosuperior areas) in the drug-naïve MDD patients when compared to HCs RESULTS: In volume analysis, the drug-naïve MDD patients showed a significant decrease in the volume of bilateral thalami compared with HCs (after Bonferroni correction p < 0.003). We identified morphometric contractions in bilateral thalami and right caudate nucleus in the drug-naïve MDD patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study implied that with cortical shape changes, the subcortical brain alterations could contribute to emotional dysregulation in the drug-naïve MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, #73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, #73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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