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The Effectiveness of Potential Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe and Lactobacillus delbrueckii IAHAHI in Irradiated Rats Depends on the Nutritional Stage of the Host. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1439-1450. [PMID: 32462507 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several species of eukaryotic organisms living in the high mountain areas of Armenia with naturally occurring levels of radiation have high adaptive responses to radiation. We speculate on the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in this protection against radiation. Therefore, seventeen microorganisms with high antagonistic activities against several multi-drug-resistant pathogens were isolated from the human and animal gut microbiota, as well as from traditional Armenian fermented products. These strains were tested in vivo on Wistar rats to determine their ability to protect the eukaryotic host against radiation damages. The efficiency of the probiotics' application and the dependence on pre- and post-radiation nutrition of rats were described. The effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe, isolated from a healthy breastfed infant, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii IAHAHI, isolated from the fermented dairy product matsuni, on the survival of irradiated rats, and their blood leucocyte and glucose levels, were considered to be the most promising, based on this study's results.
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Xue X, Wang D, Ji Z, Xie Y. Risk factors of postoperative ileus following laparoscopic radical cystectomy and developing a points-based risk assessment scale. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2397-2409. [PMID: 34295726 PMCID: PMC8261424 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative ileus (POI) is one of the most common complications after laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC). Albeit its high incidence, its risk factors are obscure, and few studies have attempted to explore them. Meanwhile, risk-assessing tools for predicting its happening are lacking. Methods Clinical data of 197 patients who underwent LRC between March 2014 and October 2019 were retrospectively collected. All cases of POI were identified and double-checked. Data pertaining to the following categories were extracted as well: patients' general characteristics, preoperative laboratory tests results and preparations, intraoperative and postoperative general items, pathological results. The correlation between candidate risk factors and ileus was analyzed by multivariable binary logistic regression. Clinical and pathophysiological explanations for those results were explored. Finally, a points-based prediction model was developed and validated for predicting the happening of POI. Results A total of 63 out of 197 patients (31.98%) suffered from POI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed chronic constipation, increased dosage of laxative, elevated preoperative serum creatinine level, delayed postoperative ambulation, intestine-related urine derivations were statistically significant for developing POI (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between POI and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hard-drinking, preoperative hemoglobin level, preoperative albumin level, history of previous abdominal surgery, surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, tumor size, lymph nodes yields, TNM staging and intensive care unit hospitalization. An external cohort had been used for testing the validation of the assessment scale, and the results were promising. Conclusions Early recognition is of great importance in protecting vulnerable patients from developing POI, knowing the above-mentioned risk factors and using the assessment scale should help to screen them better. Cases from diverse backgrounds might contribute to a more accurate and complete scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Xue
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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Fang J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhang X. Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:772-787. [PMID: 34002011 PMCID: PMC8178360 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which is composed of a mucin complex rich in O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients and habitat for intestinal microbes but also orchestrates the taming of germs. In turn, the gut microbiota modulates the production and secretion of mucins and stratification of the mucus layers. Active bidirectional communication between the microbiota and its 'slimy' partner, the mucus barrier, seems to be a continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis of the gut ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce a disorder in the gut community, thereby causing inflammatory damage. Our review mainly focuses on the complicated communication between the mucus barrier and gut microbiome to explore a promising new avenue for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.412551.60000 0000 9055 7865College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.415644.60000 0004 1798 6662Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing people’s Hospital, 568 North Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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King MA, Rollo I, Baker LB. Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1754-1765. [PMID: 33955260 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity and function are compromised during exertional heat stress (EHS) potentially leading to consequences that range from minor gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances to fatal outcomes in exertional heat stroke or septic shock. This mini-review provides a concise discussion of nutritional interventions that may protect against intestinal permeability during EHS and suggests physiological mechanisms responsible for this protection. Although diverse nutritional interventions have been suggested to be protective against EHS-induced GI permeability, the ingestion of certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and fluid per se is potentially effective strategy, whereas evidence for various polyphenols and pre/probiotics is developing. Plausible physiological mechanisms of protection include increased blood flow, epithelial cell proliferation, upregulation of intracellular heat shock proteins, modulation of inflammatory signaling, alteration of the GI microbiota, and increased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Further clinical research is needed to propose specific nutritional candidates and recommendations for their application to prevent intestinal barrier disruption and elucidate mechanisms during EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A King
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
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Ibrahim D, Moustafa A, Metwally AS, Nassan MA, Abdallah K, Eldemery F, Tufarelli V, Laudadio V, Kishawy ATY. Potential Application of Cornelian Cherry Extract on Broiler Chickens: Growth, Expression of Antioxidant Biomarker and Glucose Transport Genes, and Oxidative Stability of Frozen Meat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041038. [PMID: 33917066 PMCID: PMC8067757 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation of the poultry diet with plant extracts rich in polyphenolic compounds could improve the performance of animals as well as the oxidative stability of their derived meat. The present study evaluated the efficacy of cornelian cherry extract (CCE) on the expression of genes controlling glucose transporters and different assays regulating the oxidative stability of frozen, stored meat over a long period of time (90 days of storage). The results indicated that the addition of 200 mg/kg of CCE to the diet could improve the growth rate and antioxidant status of broiler chickens and thus increase their productivity. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds rich in CCE can act as antioxidant agents to increase the shelf-life extension of frozen, stored poultry meat. Finally, supplementation with CCE could increase the total concentration of phenolic compounds in poultry meat offered to human consumers. Abstract The use of natural plant extracts in poultry feed could improve their productivity as well as the oxidative stability of stored derived meat. The roles of cornelian cherry extract (CCE) in growth, cecal microbes, and meat antioxidative markers of broiler chickens were evaluated. A total of 500 Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed diets supplemented with CCE (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of diet) for 38 days. The highest levels of weight gain and feed utilization were observed in a group fed 200 mg/kg of CCE. Maximum upregulation of glucose transporters—1 and 2 and sodium-dependent glucose transporter genes—were found in the group fed 200 mg/kg of CCE. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium colonization increased as the CCE levels increased. The greatest upregulation of antioxidant genes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in breast meat was observed in groups fed CCE (200 and 400 mg/kg). Dietary CCE significantly delayed the lipid oxidation of breast meat compared with that of the control group. The total phenolic content, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrihydrzyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power in meat improved with higher levels of CCE. Dietary CCE improved the growth, performance of broilers, and meat antioxidant stability after 90 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.T.Y.K.)
| | - Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Aya Sh. Metwally
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Karima Abdallah
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (V.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (V.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.T.Y.K.)
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Memon FU, Yang Y, Leghari IH, Lv F, Soliman AM, Zhang W, Si H. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Ameliorative Effects of Bacillus Based Probiotic on Immunity, Gut Barrier System, and Metabolism of Chicken under an Experimentally Induced Eimeria tenella Infection. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040536. [PMID: 33917156 PMCID: PMC8067821 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis in the cecum tissues of negative control untreated non-challenged (NC), positive control untreated challenged (PC), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) fed challenged chickens (BS + ET) in order to examine the underlying potential therapeutic mechanisms of Bacillus based probiotic feeding under an experimental Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection. Our results for clinical parameters showed that birds in probiotic diet decreased the bloody diarrhea scores, oocyst shedding, and lesion scores compared to positive control birds. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that in total, 2509 up-regulated and 2465 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the PC group versus NC group comparison. In the comparison of BS + ET group versus PC group, a total of 784 up-regulated and 493 down-regulated DEGs were found. Among them, several DEGs encoding proteins involved in immunity, gut barrier integrity, homeostasis, and metabolism were up-regulated by the treatment of probiotic. Functional analysis of DEGs also revealed that some gene ontology (GO) terms related with immunity, metabolism and cellular development were significantly affected by the exposure of probiotic. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs in the cecum of B. subtilis-fed challenged group were mainly participated in the pathways related with immunity and gut barrier integrity, included mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, tight junction, and so on. Taken together, these results suggest that Bacillus based probiotic modulate the immunity, maintain gut homeostasis as well as barrier system and improve chicken metabolism during E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Uddin Memon
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Imdad Hussain Leghari
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Feifei Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Agricultural Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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The role of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v in supporting treatment of selected diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:488-493. [PMID: 33613097 PMCID: PMC7882405 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in composition of human gut microbiome can lead to its dysbiosis. It is associated with gastrointestinal side effects during anti-cancer treatment, antibiotics administration, or infectious agents. There are studies confirming positive effect of consuming Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on intestinal microflora. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of L. plantarum 299v in supporting treatment of selected diseases, such as cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Clostridium difficile infection. The immunomodulating properties of L. plantarum 299v include an increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which reduce the risk of cancer and improve the efficacy of regimens. The intake of L. plantarum 299v provides benefits for IBS patients, mainly due to normalization of stool and relief of abdominal pain, which significantly improves the quality of life of IBS patients. In addition, the intake of L. plantarum 299v prevents C. difficile-associated diarrhea among patients receiving antibiotic treatment. Due to the limited possibilities of treating these diseases and numerous complications of cancer treatment, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. The administration of L. plantarum 299v seems to be useful in these cases.
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Castilho TJCD, Almeida GHDRD, Mello EVDSL, Campos ACL. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROBIOTICS ON COLONIC ANASTOMOSES IN RATS: MORPHOLOGICAL AND TENSIOMETRIC STUDY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 33:e1550. [PMID: 33503110 PMCID: PMC7836079 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200004e1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The use of probiotics positively modifies the composition and function of intestinal flora, improving the quality of intestinal anastomosis.
Aim:
To evaluate the impact of probiotic use on intestinal anastomosis of rats.
Method:
Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Rodentia Mammalia) were used, with body weight ranging from 220-320 g. The animals were housed and acclimated individually in boxes receiving water and ration ad libitum. After initial acclimatization, the control group received perioperative ration ad libitum for 12 days (seven preoperatively and five postoperatively) associated with the maltodextrin formula at a dose of 250 mg/day in isocaloric and isovolumetric form. Likewise, the probiotic group received oral supplementation of probiotics dose of 250 mg/day, associated with isocaloric and isovolumetric diet. The probiotic chosen for this study was composed of strains (doses 1x109 CFU/g)12Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-37, Bifidobacterium lactis HN0019, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Probiotics or placebo were administered orally with the aid of a dosimeter spatula. Both groups underwent two colostomies, one in the right colon and the second in rectosigmoid, followed by reanastomosis with eight separate 6-0 mononylon stitches. The sacrifice took place on the fifth day. The parameters evaluated included tensile strength, histology and collagen densitometry.
Results:
The rate of intestinal fistula for the control and probiotic groups were, respectively, 22.22% and 11.11% (p=0.6581).Perioperative supplementation with probiotics increased collagen deposition of types I and III (p<0.0001), improved maximum traction force and maximum rupture force, p=0.0250 and p=0.0116 respectively, fibrosis area (p<0.0001), and area of the inflammatory infiltrate (p=0.0115).
Conclusions:
The use of probiotics had a positive impact on the quality of intestinal anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eneri Vieira de S L Mello
- Animal Histotechnical Laboratory, Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos L Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Surgical Clinic, Health Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Santacroce L, Inchingolo F, Topi S, Del Prete R, Di Cosola M, Charitos IA, Montagnani M. Potential beneficial role of probiotics on the outcome of COVID-19 patients: An evolving perspective. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:295-301. [PMID: 33484986 PMCID: PMC7804381 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Probiotics can support the body's systems in fighting viral infections. This review is aimed to focus current knowledge about the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 patients. METHODS We performed an extensive research using the PubMed-LitCovid, Cochrane Library, Embase databases, and conducting manual searches on Google Scholar, Elsevier Connect, Web of Science about this issue. RESULTS We have found several papers reporting data about the potential role of probiotics as well as contrasting experimental data about it. CONCLUSIONS Most data show good results demonstrating that probiotics can play a significant role in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection, also compared with their use in the past for various diseases. They seem effective in lowering inflammatory status, moreover in patients with chronic comorbidities such as cancer and diabetes, improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, p.zza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy; Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, Rruga Ismail Zyma, 3001, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Dentistry Unit, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, p.zza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, Rruga Ismail Zyma, 3001, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Raffaele Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, p.zza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology - Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, p.zza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Lee M, Chung JY, Kim KY, Im W, Kim M. Two-weeks repeated-dose oral toxicity study of Pediococcus acidilactici J9 in a mice model. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 33297964 PMCID: PMC7727177 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, and is related to the development of gastric carcinoma. Several chemicals, including antibiotics, have been used to eradicate H.pylori. However, more studies are yet requred to accomplish a sufficient therapy. Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) J9 were studied for inhibition of binding of H.pylori binding to human gastric cell lines. This study was performed in order to investigate the repeated-dose toxicity of P. acidilactici J9 in male and female mice. RESULTS C57BL/6 male and female Mus musculus were divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group). P. acidilactici J9 was administered daily by oral injection of vehicle control at dosage levels to a low-dose group (500 mg/kg/day), middle-dose group (1000 mg/kg/day), and high-dose group (2000 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. After 14 days of exposure, the blood biochemistry and hematology were investigated, along with a histopathology exam. There were no bacterial-related deaths or abnormal clinical signs in either gender of mouse. The data was observed during the period in terms of body weight, food intake, and water consumption. Also, no alterations in organ weights upon administration of P. acidilactici J9 alone were observed. The adhesion and growth of H. pylori were inhibited by a 24 h treatment of H. pylori and P. acidilactici J9 on adenocarcinoma gastric (AGS) cells, which are gastric cancer cells. Compared to the control group (AGS cell and H. pylori), the number of H. pylori analyzed by FACS significantly (p < 0.01) decreased after incubation of AGS cell with P. acidilactici J9 for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the oral application of P. acidilactici J9, up to a dosage level of 2000 mg/kg/day, causes no adverse effects in both male and female mice. P. acidilactici J9 inhibits the adhesion of H.pylori to AGS cancer cells. When used as probiotics, P. acidilactici J9 may help decrease the occurrence of gastritis and reduce the risk of H.pylori infection with promising safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ka Yeun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wooseok Im
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mao A, Sun C, Katsube T, Wang B. A Minireview on Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Radiosusceptibility. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820963859. [PMID: 33239996 PMCID: PMC7672743 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820963859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host and plays a key role in modulating many important biological processes and functions of the host, such as metabolism, inflammation, immune and stress response. It is becoming increasingly apparent that GI microbiota is susceptible to a wide range of environmental factors and insults, for examples, geographic location of birth, diet, use of antibiotics, and exposure to radiation. Alterations in GI microbiota link to various diseases, including radiation-induced disorders. In addition, GI microbiota composition could be used as a biomarker to estimate radiosusceptibility and radiation health risk in the host. In this minireview, we summarized the documented studies on radiation-induced alterations in GI microbiota and the relationship between GI microbiota and radiosusceptibility of the host, and mainly discussed the possible mechanisms underlying GI microbiota influencing the outcome of radiation response in humans and animal models. Furthermore, we proposed that GI microbiota manipulation may be used to reduce radiation injury and improve the health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Mao
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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62
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Protection of Galacto-Oligosaccharide against E. coli O157 Colonization through Enhancing Gut Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111710. [PMID: 33233359 PMCID: PMC7700679 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) has been added to infant formula as prebiotics and can bring many benefits to human health. This study proved the effect of GOS in prevention and alleviation against E. coli O157 invasion and colonization and the mechanism behind this was explored in a mice model. The results showed that the expression of Muc2 and Occlaudin were both significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) by E. coli O157 infection, while GOS alleviated this phenomenon, which means that GOS can reduce the colonization of E. coli O157 by enhancing the gut barrier function. Through the determination of inflammatory cytokines, we found that GOS can relieve inflammation caused by pathogens. At the same time, GOS can promote the growth of probiotics such as Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides, thus modulating microorganism environments and improving short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the intestine. This study provides an explanation for the mechanism behind the protection of GOS against pathogen infection.
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63
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LM. Molecular insights into probiotic mechanisms of action employed against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1831339. [PMID: 33112695 PMCID: PMC7595611 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1831339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, and in particular those caused by bacterial infections, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment is becoming increasingly difficult due to the increase in number of species that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have considerable potential as alternatives to antibiotics, both in prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Several studies have documented a reduction, or prevention, of GI diseases by probiotic bacteria. Since the activities of probiotic bacteria are closely linked with conditions in the host's GI-tract (GIT) and changes in the population of enteric microorganisms, a deeper understanding of gut-microbial interactions is required in the selection of the most suitable probiotic. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular capabilities of probiotic bacteria. In this review, we explore how probiotic microorganisms interact with enteric pathogens in the GIT. The significance of probiotic colonization and persistence in the GIT is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F. van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Shelly M. Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leon M.T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,CONTACT Leon M.T. Dicks; Department of Microbiology; Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7602, South Africa
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64
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Ge B, Yang H, Meng J, Chen X, Wang Z. Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharides and/or Bifidobacterium on Growth and Immunity in Domestic Pigeon ( Columba livia domestica). J Poult Sci 2020; 57:277-283. [PMID: 33132727 PMCID: PMC7596034 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the influences of mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs) and/or Bifidobacterium on the growth and immunity of pigeons over a 56-day period. One hundred paired adult pigeons were randomly divided into four groups of five paired pigeons. Paired pigeons with two young squabs were housed in a man-made aviary. Parent pigeons in the control group received a basal diet (C), while the other three groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 20 g of MOSs/kg of feed (M), 10 g Bifidobacterium (1×1010 CFU/g)/kg of feed (B), or a combination of M and B (MB). We found higher body weights (BW) in pigeons of the B group than in the C, M, and MB groups. None of the treatments exerted significant effects involving spleen and thymus indices, whereas M birds tended to improve the bursa of Fabricius index. Pigeons fed with the M-supplemented diet exhibited improved serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations compared with those fed with C and the B- and MB-supplemented diets. In addition, M treatment increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels compared with MB treatment. MB treatment improved serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations compared to that by the C treatment. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was significantly reduced in the duodenum and increased in the ileum in pigeons fed with the MB-supplemented diet. This study indicated that dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium increased the growth performance. Dietary supplementation with MOSs or in combination with Bifidobacterium was able to improve immune function in pigeons but exerted no apparent effect on weight gain. Accordingly, in terms of economic benefits, the findings suggested that supplementation with Bifidobacterium alone may improve production performance, and that supplementation with MOSs alone may improve immune function in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Meng
- Jiangsu Province Cuigu Pigeon Industry Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211131, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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65
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Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Salas A. Microbial Metabolites, Postbiotics, and Intestinal Epithelial Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000188. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
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66
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shafi ME, Qattan SYA, Batiha GE, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Moneim AME, Alagawany M. Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1835-1850. [PMID: 32996177 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to maintain animal well-being, promote growth and improve efficiency has been practised for more than 50 years. However, as early as the 1950s, researchers identified concern on the development of resistant bacteria for the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline used in turkeys and broilers respectively. These findings laid the groundwork for agricultural officials to impose stricter regulatory parameters on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds. Probiotics are live micro-organisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Commonly known as a direct-fed microbial, probiotics provide beneficial properties to the host, primarily through action in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animal. Supplementation of probiotics in the diet can improve animal health and performance, through contributions to gut health and nutrient use. For instance, supplementation of probiotics has been demonstrated to benefit farm animals in immune modulation, structural modulation and increased cytokine production, which positively affect the intestinal mucosal lining against pathogens. Bacillus subtilis has been a popular bacterium used within the industry and was shown to improve intestinal villus height. Increasing the villus height and structure of the crypts in the GIT allows for the improvement of nutrient digestion and absorption. Tight junctions maintain important defences against pathogenic bacteria and cellular homeostasis. Heat stress can be a major environmental challenge in the poultry industry. Heat stress causes the bird to fluctuate its internal core temperature beyond their comfort zone. To overcome such challenges, poultry will attempt to balance its heat production and dissipation through behavioural and physiological adaptation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza Y A Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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67
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Sanborn V, Gunstad J. The Potential Mediation of the Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function by the Gut Microbiome. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040063. [PMID: 32992812 PMCID: PMC7709629 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of older adults is growing dramatically worldwide. As older adults are at greater risk of developing disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction (i.e., dementia), healthcare costs are expected to double by 2040. Evidence suggests dementia may be slowed or prevented by lifestyle interventions, including physical activity (PA). PA is associated with improved cognitive function and may reduce risk for dementia by mitigating known risk factors (i.e., cardiovascular diseases) and/or by enhancing neurochemical processes. An emerging area of research suggests the gut microbiome may have similar neuroprotective effects. Altering the gut microbiome has been found to target physiological processes associated with dementia risk, and it influences gut-brain-microbiome axis signaling, impacting cognitive functioning. The gut microbiome can be altered by several means (i.e., disease, diet, prebiotics, probiotics), including PA. As PA and the gut microbiome independently influence cognitive function and PA changes the composition of the gut microbiome, cognitive improvement due to PA may be partially mediated by the gut microbiome. The present article provides an overview of the literature regarding the complex associations among PA, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome, as well as their underlying biological mechanisms. A comprehensive, theoretical model integrating evidence for the potential mediation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanborn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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68
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Yousuf EI, Carvalho M, Dizzell SE, Kim S, Gunn E, Twiss J, Giglia L, Stuart C, Hutton EK, Morrison KM, Stearns JC. Persistence of Suspected Probiotic Organisms in Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota Weeks After Probiotic Supplementation in the NICU. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574137. [PMID: 33117319 PMCID: PMC7552907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are becoming a prevalent supplement to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in infants born preterm. However, little is known about the ability of these live bacterial supplements to colonize the gut or how they affect endogenous bacterial strains and the overall gut community. We capitalized on a natural experiment resulting from a policy change that introduced the use of probiotics to preterm infants in a single Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. We used amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) derived from the v3 region of the 16S rRNA gene to compare the prevalence and abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut of preterm infants who were and were not exposed to a probiotic supplement in-hospital. Infants were followed to 5 months corrected age. In the probiotic-exposed infants, ASVs belonging to species of Bifidobacterium appeared at high relative abundance during probiotic supplementation and persisted for up to 5 months. In regression models that controlled for the confounding effects of age and antibiotic exposure, probiotic-exposed infants had a higher abundance of the suspected probiotic bifidobacteria than unexposed infants. Conversely, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was similar between preterm groups over time. Lactobacillus abundance was inversely related to antibiotic exposure. Furthermore, the overall gut microbial community of the probiotic-exposed preterm infants at term corrected age clustered more closely to samples collected from 10-day old full-term infants than to samples from unexposed preterm infants at term age. In conclusion, routine in-hospital administration of probiotics to preterm infants resulted in the potential for colonization of the gut with probiotic organisms post-discharge and effects on the gut microbiome as a whole. Further research is needed to fully discriminate probiotic bacterial strains from endogenous strains and to explore their functional role in the gut microbiome and in infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrah I Yousuf
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marilia Carvalho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sara E Dizzell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Twiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lucy Giglia
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Connie Stuart
- Neonatal Follow Up Clinic, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eileen K Hutton
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Stearns
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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69
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McConn BR, Duttlinger AW, Kpodo KR, Eicher SD, Richert BT, Johnson JS. Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% l-glutamine and synbiotics following weaning and transport in pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5897049. [PMID: 32841327 PMCID: PMC7507408 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary antibiotic use has been limited in swine production due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance. However, this may negatively impact the health, productivity, and welfare of pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to determine if combining dietary synbiotics and 0.20% l-glutamine would improve pig growth performance and intestinal health following weaning and transport when compared with traditionally used dietary antibiotics. Because previous research indicates that l-glutamine improves swine growth performance and synbiotics reduce enterogenic bacteria, it was hypothesized that supplementing diets with 0.20% l-glutamine (GLN) and synbiotics (SYN; 3 strains of Lactobacillus [1.2 × 10^9 cfu/g of strain/pig/d] + β-glucan [0.01 g/pig/d] + fructooligosaccharide [0.01 g/pig/d]) would have an additive effect and improve pig performance and intestinal health over that of dietary antibiotics. Mixed-sex pigs (N = 226; 5.86 ± 0.11 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.4 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported for 12 h in central Indiana. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of two dietary treatments (5 to 6 pigs per pen): antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 ppm] + tiamulin [38.5 ppm]), no antibiotics (negative control [NC]), GLN, SYN, or the NC diet with both the GLN and SYN additives (GLN + SYN) fed for 14 d. From day 14 post-weaning to the end of the grow-finish period, all pigs were provided common antibiotic-free diets. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Overall, haptoglobin was greater (P = 0.03; 216%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs. On day 13, GLN and PC pigs tended to have reduced (P = 0.07; 75.2% and 67.3%, respectively) haptoglobin compared with NC pigs. On day 34, the jejunal goblet cell count per villi and per millimeter tended to be greater (P < 0.08; 71.4% and 62.9%, respectively) in SYN pigs compared with all other dietary treatments. Overall, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 40.0%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs on day 34. On day 34, jejunal mucosa TNFα gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 33.3%, 41.2%, and 60.0%, respectively) in GLN pigs compared with SYN, GLN + SYN, and PC pigs. Although it was determined that some metrics of pig health were improved by the addition of GLN and SYN (i.e., haptoglobin and goblet cell count), overall, there were very few differences detected between dietary treatments and this may be related to the stress load incurred by the pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Alan W Duttlinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kouassi R Kpodo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Susan D Eicher
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Brian T Richert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jay S Johnson
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN,Corresponding author:
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70
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Zhuge A, Li B, Yuan Y, Lv L, Li Y, Wu J, Yang L, Bian X, Wang K, Wang Q, Yan R, Zhu X, Li L. Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 encapsulated in alginate-pectin microgels ameliorates D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7437-7455. [PMID: 32666187 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a clinical emergency associated with high mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota participates in the progression of liver injury, and preventive therapies based on altering gut microbiota are of great interest. Previous studies demonstrated that Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 attenuates hepatic injury, though efficiency in curtailed in the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a system to encapsulate LI01 in alginate-pectin (AP) microgels was investigated. Encapsulation significantly enhances probiotic viability for long-term storage and heat treatment, and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGF or SIF) and bile salt solutions. Acute liver injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) injection following pretreatment with probiotics. Liver and gut barrier function, cytokines, liver and gut histology, bacterial translocation, and gut microbiota were assessed. Administration of encapsulated LI01 more effectively upregulates hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and TLR-3, restores expressions of gut barrier biomarkers Claudin-1 and MUC2 and attenuates destruction of mucosal ultrastructure compared with unencapsulated probiotics pretreatment. Pretreatment with AP-LI01 microgels altered the microbial community, decreasing the abundance of pathogenic taxa Ruminiclostridium, Dorea and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004 and enriching beneficial taxa Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Eubacterium, and Prevotella_1 that produce short-chain fatty acids. These results suggest that AP encapsulation of LI01 boosts viability and attenuates liver injury by reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. These beneficial effects are probably due to alternation of gut flora. These findings provide new insight into encapsulation technology and prevention of liver failure. KEY POINTS: • Alginate-pectin encapsulation enhances the viability of Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 under simulated commercial conditions and simulated gastrointestinal environment. • AP-LI01 microgel attenuates hepatic and intestinal inflammation and restores gut barrier function. • AP-LI01 microgel alters gut microbial community with increased SCFAs producers and decreased pathogenic microbes. • Beneficial improvements after administration of probiotics are highly associated with alternation of gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxiang Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innocation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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71
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Prado GKS, Torrinha KC, Cruz RE, Gonçalves ABB, Silva CAV, Oliveira FMS, Nunes AC, Gomes MA, Caliari MV. Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 ameliorate the experimental amoebic colitis by increasing the expression of MUC-2 and the intestinal epithelial regeneration. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1706-1719. [PMID: 32320114 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluates the action of Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 on amoebic colitis. METHODS AND RESULTS Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 was administered in Entamoeba dispar infected and noninfected mice and clinical parameters were evaluated. Following 7 days, the caeca were collected for histopathology, morphometry and immunohistochemical staining of MUC-2, CDC-47 and IgA. The treatment reduced diarrhoea and the presence of blood in the faeces and diminished the area of necrosis, also causing weight gain. Also, the addition of this bacterium enhanced the expression of the mucin (MUC-2). The reduction in necrosis and increased CDC-47 expression indicates significant epithelial regeneration. The negative correlation between CDC-47 and the necrosis area reveals that the bacterium favoured the recovery of the necrotic regions and the positive correlation found between the expression of MUC-2 and CDC-47 indicates that the epithelial regeneration also supports the synthesis of MUC-2. CONCLUSIONS Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 was able to increase the protection of the intestinal mucosa against experimental amoebic colitis through the increase of MUC-2 and epithelial regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 presents the potential to become a complementary tool in the treatment of amoebic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K S Prado
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K C Torrinha
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R E Cruz
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A B B Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C A V Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F M S Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A C Nunes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M A Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M V Caliari
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mann EA, Bae E, Kostyuchek D, Chung HJ, McGee JS. The Gut Microbiome: Human Health and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:265-272. [PMID: 33911753 PMCID: PMC7992658 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is a rich environment consisting of bacteria, fungi and other commensal microorganisms of the gut, mucosa and skin. The functional role of the gut microbiome includes facilitation in metabolism of macronutrients, maturation of the immune system, and production of pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling molecules and peptides. The identification of these resident organisms has brought about a new understanding of disease processes. Nevertheless, more questions remain regarding the interactions within the microbiome, its interactions with the host, and its contributions to the pathophysiology of disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing medical literature to highlight the role of the gut microbiome in human health, also paying attention to its role in several inflammatory skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Mann
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darya Kostyuchek
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness and systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology that predominantly afflicts young children, causes coronary artery aneurysms and can result in long-term cardiovascular sequelae. Kawasaki disease is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in the USA. Coronary artery aneurysms develop in some untreated children with Kawasaki disease, leading to ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment reduces the risk of development of coronary artery aneurysms, some children have IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease and are at increased risk of developing coronary artery damage. In addition, the lack of specific diagnostic tests and biomarkers for Kawasaki disease make early diagnosis and treatment challenging. The use of experimental mouse models of Kawasaki disease vasculitis has considerably improved our understanding of the pathology of the disease and helped characterize the cellular and molecular immune mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular complications, in turn leading to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we outline the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and summarize and discuss the progress gained from experimental mouse models and their potential therapeutic translation to human disease. This Review outlines the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and discusses the progress gained from experimental mouse models and their potential therapeutic translation to human disease. Kawasaki disease is a childhood systemic vasculitis leading to the development of coronary artery aneurysms; it is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. The cause of Kawasaki disease is unknown, although it is suspected to be triggered by an unidentified infectious pathogen in genetically predisposed children. Kawasaki disease might not be a normal immune response to an unusual environmental stimulus, but rather a genetically determined unusual and uncontrolled immune response to a common stimulus. Although the aetiological agent in humans is unknown, mouse models of Kawasaki disease vasculitis demonstrate similar pathological features and have substantially accelerated discoveries in the field. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of blood samples from patients with Kawasaki disease and experimental evidence generated using mouse models have demonstrated the critical role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of this disease and the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway (currently under investigation in clinical trials).
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74
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Blyth GAD, Connors L, Fodor C, Cobo ER. The Network of Colonic Host Defense Peptides as an Innate Immune Defense Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:965. [PMID: 32508838 PMCID: PMC7251035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides, abundantly secreted by colonic epithelial cells and leukocytes, are proposed to be critical components of an innate immune response in the colon against enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium difficile, and attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium. These short cationic peptides are bactericidal against both Gram-positive and -negative enteric pathogens, but may also exert killing effects on intestinal luminal microbiota. Simultaneously, these peptides modulate numerous cellular responses crucial for gut defenses, including leukocyte chemotaxis and migration, wound healing, cytokine production, cell proliferation, and pathogen sensing. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of expression, mechanisms of action and microbicidal and immunomodulatory functions of major colonic host defense peptides, namely cathelicidins, β-defensins, and members of the Regenerating islet-derived protein III (RegIII) and Resistin-like molecule (RELM) families. In a theoretical framework where these peptides work synergistically, aspects of pathogenesis of infectious colitis reviewed herein uncover roles of host defense peptides aimed to promote epithelial defenses and prevent pathogen colonization, mediated through a combination of direct antimicrobial function and fine-tuning of host immune response and inflammation. This interactive host defense peptide network may decode how the intestinal immune system functions to quickly clear infections, restore homeostasis and avoid damaging inflammation associated with pathogen persistence during infectious colitis. This information is of interest in development of host defense peptides (either alone or in combination with reduced doses of antibiotics) as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory therapeutics for controlling infectious colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A D Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Liam Connors
- Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cristina Fodor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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75
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Systematic review with meta-analysis: Effects of probiotic supplementation on symptoms in functional dyspepsia. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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76
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Limage R, Tako E, Kolba N, Guo Z, García-Rodríguez A, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Commensal Bacteria Alter Mucus Layer Thickness and Composition in a Gastrointestinal Tract Model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000601. [PMID: 32338455 PMCID: PMC7282385 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in food packaging and processing and have become an integral part of many commonly ingested products. There are few studies that have focused on the interaction between ingested NPs, gut function, the mucus layer, and the gut microbiota. In this work, an in vitro model of gastrointestinal (GI) tract is used to determine whether, and how, the mucus layer is affected by the presence of Gram-positive, commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Gram-negative, opportunistic Escherichia coli; and/or exposure to physiologically relevant doses of pristine or digested TiO2 NPs. Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cell monolayers are exposed to physiological concentrations of bacteria (expressing fluorescent proteins) and/or TiO2 nanoparticles for a period of 4 h. To determine mucus thickness and composition, cell monolayers are stained with alcian blue, periodic acid schiff, or an Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate of wheat germ agglutinin. It is found that the presence of both bacteria and nanoparticles alter the thickness and composition of the mucus layer. Changes in the distribution or pattern of mucins can be indicative of pathological conditions, and this model provides a platform for understanding how bacteria and/or NPs may interact with and alter the mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Alba García-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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Kukla M, Adrych K, Dobrowolska A, Mach T, Reguła J, Rydzewska G. Guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2020; 15:1-21. [PMID: 32215122 PMCID: PMC7089862 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2020.93629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a serious medical and epidemiological problem, especially in well developed countries. There has been evident increase in incidence and severity of CDI. Prevention, proper diagnosis and effective treatment are necessary to reduce the risk for the patients, deplete the spreading of infection and diminish the probability of recurrent infection. Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment of CDI. In patients who had recurrent CDI fecal microbiota transplantation seems to be promising and efficient strategy. These guidelines systematize existing data and include recent changes implemented in the management of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Adrych
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Reguła
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Postgraduate Education Centre, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, “Maria Sklodowska-Curie” Clinical Oncology Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Rydzewska
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Inferior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Biasato I, Ferrocino I, Dabbou S, Evangelista R, Gai F, Gasco L, Cocolin L, Capucchio MT, Schiavone A. Black soldier fly and gut health in broiler chickens: insights into the relationship between cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32025297 PMCID: PMC6996183 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between diet and intestinal microbiota and mucin composition appears to be fundamental for poultry gut health. The effects of insect meal (whose role as alternative feed ingredient is now well recognized) on gut microbiota and mucin composition have recently been reported in Tenebrio molitor-fed free-range and broiler chickens, but no data are currently available for Hermetia illucens (HI)-fed broilers. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary HI meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition of broiler chickens. Results A total of 256 male broiler chickens were allotted to 4 dietary treatments (control diet [C] and 5%, 10% and 15% HI meal inclusion, with 8 replicate pens/treatment and 8 birds/pen) and slaughtered at 35 d of age (2 animals/pen, 16 birds/diet). The cecal microbiota assessment by 16S rRNA amplicon based sequencing showed lower alpha diversity in HI15 chickens (Shannon, P < 0.05) and higher beta diversity (Adonis and ANOSIM, P < 0.001) in birds fed HI diets than C. Furthermore, HI15 birds displayed significant increase of the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum (False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.05) when compared to HI10. L-Ruminococcus (Ruminococcus from Lachnospiraceae family), Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Clostridium genera were found to be characteristic of HI5 cecal microbiota (FDR < 0.05), while broiler chickens fed HI10 and HI15 diets were characterized (FDR < 0.05) by Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus (HI10) and Bacteroides, Roseburia and Helicobacter genera (HI15). Periodic-acid Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and high iron diamine staining on small and large intestine also demonstrated lower mucin staining intensity in the intestinal villi of HI10 and HI15 birds than C (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary HI meal utilization at low inclusion levels (i.e., 5%) positively influenced either the cecal microbiota or the gut mucin dynamics in terms of selection of potentially beneficial bacteria and increase in villi mucins. However, high inclusion levels (in particular the 15%) may have a negative influence in terms of partial reduction of microbial complexity, reduction of potentially beneficial bacteria, selection of bacteria with mucolytic activity and decrease in villi mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Rocchina Evangelista
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- 3Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy.,3Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy.,3Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
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79
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Jones CB, Davis CM, Sfanos KS. The Potential Effects of Radiation on the Gut-Brain Axis. Radiat Res 2020; 193:209-222. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15493.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Division of Behavioral Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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80
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Sun F, Wang C, Chen L, Weng G, Zheng Z. The intestinal bacterial community of healthy and diseased animals and its association with the aquaculture environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:775-783. [PMID: 31781816 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although increasing levels of attention have been targeted towards aquaculture-associated bacteria, the bacterial community of animal intestines and its relationship with the aquaculture environment need to be further investigated. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the bacterial community of pond water, sediment, and the intestines of diseased and healthy animals. Our data showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant taxa of bacteria across all samples and accounted for more than 90% of the total sequence. Difference analysis and Venn diagrams showed that most of the intestinal bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) of diseased and healthy animals were the same as those of sediment and water, indicating that the aquaculture environment was the main source of intestinal bacteria. Compared with healthy animals, a considerable reduction of OTUs was evident in diseased animals. Welch's t test showed that the dominant bacterial taxa in sediment, water, and animal intestine were significantly different (p < 0.05) and each had its own unique dominant microorganisms. In addition, differences between the intestinal bacteria of healthy and diseased animals were represented by potential probiotics and pathogens, such as Bacillus, Vibrio, Oceanobacillus, and Lactococcus. Principal component analysis (PcoA) showed that a similar environment shaped a similar microbial structure. There was a large difference in the spectrum of intestinal bacteria in diseased animals; furthermore, the spectrum of intestinal bacteria in diseased animals was very different from the environment than in healthy animals. This study provides a theoretical basis for a relationship between the intestinal bacteria of healthy and diseased animals and the environment and provides guidance for environmental regulation and disease prevention in aquaculture areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China. .,Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Chunzhong Wang
- Putian Institute of Aquaculture Science of Fujian Province, Putian, 351100, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Putian Tian Ran Xing Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Guozhu Weng
- Putian Customs Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- Putian Tian Ran Xing Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
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81
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Reuben RC, Roy PC, Sarkar SL, Alam RU, Jahid IK. Isolation, characterization, and assessment of lactic acid bacteria toward their selection as poultry probiotics. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:253. [PMID: 31718570 PMCID: PMC6852909 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are now accepted as suitable alternatives to antibiotics in the control of animal infections and improving animal production. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with remarkable functional properties have been evaluated in different studies as possible probiotic candidates. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and assess the potentials of LAB from poultry gastrointestinal tract as potential poultry probiotics. RESULTS Potential LAB probiotics were isolated from broilers, characterized and evaluated for probiotic properties including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli, E. coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Most promising LAB strains with excellent probiotic potentials were identified by API 50 CHL and 16S rRNA sequencing as Lactobacillus reuteri I2, Pediococcus acidilactici I5, P. acidilactici I8, P. acidilactici c3, P. pentosaceus I13, and Enterococcus faecium c14. They inhibited all the pathogens tested with zones of inhibition ranging from 12.5 ± 0.71 to 20 ± 0 mm, and competitively excluded (P < 0.05) the pathogens examined while adhering to ileum epithelial cells with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 Log CFU/ml. The selected LAB strains also showed significant (P < 0.005) auto and co-aggregation abilities with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity ranging from 12.5 to 92.0%. The antibiotic susceptibility test showed 100.00% resistance of the LAB strains to oxacillin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices above 0.5. CONCLUSION The selected LAB strains are ideal probiotic candidates which can be applied in the field for the improvement of poultry performance and control of pathogens in poultry, hence curtailing further transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, P.M.B 109, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - Pravas Chandra Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Shovon Lal Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rubayet-Ul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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Chen D, Le TH, Shahidipour H, Read SA, Ahlenstiel G. The Role of Gut-Derived Microbial Antigens on Liver Fibrosis Initiation and Progression. Cells 2019; 8:E1324. [PMID: 31717860 PMCID: PMC6912265 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis has recently become known as an important driver of gastrointestinal and liver disease. It remains poorly understood, however, how gastrointestinal microbes bypass the intestinal mucosa and enter systemic circulation to enact an inflammatory immune response. In the context of chronic liver disease (CLD), insults that drive hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis (alcohol, fat) can drastically increase intestinal permeability, hence flooding the liver with gut-derived microbiota. Consequently, this may result in exacerbated liver inflammation and fibrosis through activation of liver-resident Kupffer and stellate cells by bacterial, viral, and fungal antigens transported to the liver via the portal vein. This review summarizes the current understanding of microbial translocation in CLD, the cell-specific hepatic response to intestinal antigens, and how this drives the development and progression of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Further, we reviewed current and future therapies targeting intestinal permeability and the associated, potentially harmful anti-microbial immune response with respect to their potential in terms of limiting the development and progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishen Chen
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Thanh H. Le
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, NSW, Australia
| | - Haleh Shahidipour
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott A. Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
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83
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Shabani A, Jazi V, Ashayerizadeh A, Barekatain R. Inclusion of fish waste silage in broiler diets affects gut microflora, cecal short-chain fatty acids, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, and excreta gas emission. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4909-4918. [PMID: 31065719 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the impacts of dietary inclusion of fish waste silage (FWS) substituting soybean meal (SBM) on the performance, gut microflora, cecal short-chain fatty acid, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), digestive enzyme activity, and excreta noxious gas emission in broiler chickens. A total of 720-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 12 replicates each accommodating 20 birds for 42 d. Birds received diets as follows: a corn-SBM-based diet (CON) and 2 diets that replaced SBM with FWS at 60 g/kg (FWS60) and 120 g/kg (FWS120). During the entire period, replacing SBM with FWS60 and FWS120 increased body weight gain and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The lowest pH values in the crop, proventriculus, duodenum, ileum, and ceca were observed in birds fed diets containing FWS60 and FWS120 (P < 0.05). Likewise, birds fed FWS60 and FWS120 had lower numbers of coliform and E. coli and higher Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus count in the ceca than those fed CON (P < 0.05). Feeding FWS60 and FWS120 diets increased cecal butyrate and lactic acid contents (P < 0.05). Birds fed FWS120 diets had greater intestinal amylase and protease activity than birds fed CON (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were recorded between the treatment groups for digestive enzymes activity in the pancreas. The use of both levels of FWS in broiler diet increased AID of crude protein and ether extract (P < 0.05). The lowest excreta ammonia concentration was recorded in birds fed FWS120 diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of FWS in broiler diets could improve the performance by enhancing gut function, derived from the improved digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility, as well as by elevating the population of beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid contents. Therefore, the biological silage can be considered as a promising option for recycling and recovery of fish wastes and effectively be used in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shabani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49189-4364, Gorgan, Iran
| | - V Jazi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49189-4364, Gorgan, Iran
| | - A Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49189-4364, Gorgan, Iran
| | - R Barekatain
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
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Wosinska L, Cotter PD, O'Sullivan O, Guinane C. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome of Athletes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2270. [PMID: 31546638 PMCID: PMC6835687 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that physical fitness influences the gut microbiome and as a result, promotes health. Indeed, exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiome can influence health parameters crucial to athletic performance, specifically, immune function, lower susceptibility to infection, inflammatory response and tissue repair. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome is essential for an athlete's health, training and performance. This review explores the effect of exercise on the microbiome while also investigating the effect of probiotics on various potential consequences associated with over-training in athletes, as well as their associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wosinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona Guinane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
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85
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Song H, Zhou L, Liu D, Ge L, Li Y. Probiotic effect on Helicobacter pylori attachment and inhibition of inflammation in human gastric epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1551-1562. [PMID: 31410109 PMCID: PMC6676116 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Recent studies have identified that probiotics are beneficial to human health due, in part, to their anti-H. pylori activities. Therefore, the present study investigated the antagonistic and local immunoregulatory activities of seven commercial probiotic strains and explored their mechanisms of actions. The human gastric epithelial cell line-1 (GES-1) was used to assess the effects of probiotics on the adhesion ability of H. pylori. GES-1 cells were infected with H. pylori plus lipopolysaccharide (HP-LPS) or the drug-resistant H. pylori strain (HP021) in the presence or absence of live probiotics. Following this, the growth rate and the adhesion ability of GES-1 cells were detected using MTT and urease activity assay. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NFKB inhibitor-α (IκBα) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels were measured by western blot analysis. The amount of interleukin (IL)-8 in the cell culture medium was determined by ELISA. Amongst the seven probiotic strains studied, live Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) inhibited H. pylori adherence to GES-1 cells most significantly. L. bulgaricus inhibited IL-8 production by GES-1 cells through modulation of the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, the present results suggested that consumption of food containing L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus may be used as an adjuvant therapy for H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Yan Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China, E-mail:
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86
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Toral M, Robles-Vera I, Romero M, de la Visitación N, Sánchez M, O'Valle F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J, Duarte J, Jiménez R. Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: a novel alternative for the prevention of vascular disorders in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. FASEB J 2019; 33:10005-10018. [PMID: 31173526 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900545rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether the immune-modulatory bacteria Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40) ameliorates disease activity and cardiovascular complications in a female mouse model of lupus. Eighteen-week-old NZBWF1 [systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)] and NZW/LacJ (control) mice were treated with vehicle or LC40 (5 × 108 colony-forming units/d) for 15 wk. LC40 treatment reduced lupus disease activity, blood pressure, cardiac and renal hypertrophy, and splenomegaly in SLE mice. LC40 reduced the elevated T, B, regulatory T cells (Treg), and T helper (Th)-1 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes of lupus mice. LC40 lowered the higher plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines observed in lupus mice. Aortas from SLE mice showed reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine. Endothelial dysfunction found in SLE is related to an increase of both NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide production and eNOS phosphorylation at the inhibitory Thr495. These activities returned to normal values after a treatment with LC40. Probiotic administration to SLE mice reduced plasma LPS levels, which might be related to an improvement of the gut barrier integrity. LC40 treatment increases the Bifidobacterium count in gut microbiota of SLE mice. In conclusion, our findings identify the gut microbiota manipulation with LC40 as an alternative approach to the prevention of SLE and its associated vascular damage.-Toral, M., Robles-Vera, I., Romero, M., de la Visitación, N., Sánchez, M., O'Valle, F., Rodriguez-Nogales, A., Gálvez, J., Duarte, J., Jiménez, R. Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: a novel alternative for the prevention of vascular disorders in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Granada, Spain
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87
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Micciche A, Rothrock MJ, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Essential Oils as an Intervention Strategy to Reduce Campylobacter in Poultry Production: A Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1058. [PMID: 31139172 PMCID: PMC6527745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and can be acquired through consumption of poultry products. With 1.3 million United States cases a year, the high prevalence of Campylobacter within the poultry gastrointestinal tract is a public health concern and thus a target for the development of intervention strategies. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the promotion of various alternative pathogen control measures both at the farm and processing level. One such measure includes utilizing essential oils in both pre- and post-harvest settings. Essential oils are derived from plant-based extracts, and there are currently over 300 commercially available compounds. They have been proposed to control Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. When used in concentrations low enough to not influence sensory characteristics, essential oils have also been proposed to decrease bacterial contamination of the poultry product during processing. This review explores the use of essential oils, particularly thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, and their role in reducing Campylobacter concentrations both pre- and post-harvest. This review also details the suggested mechanisms of action of essential oils on Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Micciche
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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88
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Ren C, Dokter-Fokkens J, Figueroa Lozano S, Zhang Q, de Haan BJ, Zhang H, Faas MM, de Vos P. Fibroblasts Impact Goblet Cell Responses to Lactic Acid Bacteria After Exposure to Inflammatory Cytokines and Mucus Disruptors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801427. [PMID: 30977971 PMCID: PMC6618108 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scope Mucus produced by goblet cells contributes to gut barrier function. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to impact mucus production. It is not completely known whether mucus production is influenced by the abundantly present fibroblasts in the intestine. Methods and results The influence of fibroblasts on mucus‐related genes including mucin‐2 (MUC2), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), resistin‐like molecule β (RETNLB), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 5 (CHST5), and galactose‐3‐O‐sulfotransferase 2 (GAL3ST2) is examined after co‐culture of LS174T‐goblet cells and CCD‐18Co colonic fibroblasts in the presence and absence of LAB‐strains known to impact mucus function. This is also tested after exposure to TNF‐α, IL‐13, or the mucin synthesis inhibitor tunicamycin (Tm). Effects of fibroblasts are treatment duration‐ and bacterial species‐dependent under homeostatic conditions. During TNF‐α challenge, fibroblasts reverse Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CCFM237‐elicited declined TFF3 expression. After IL‐13 exposure, L. rhamnosus CCFM237 and L. fermentum CCFM787 attenuate enhanced TFF3 and RETNLB expression, respectively, only in the presence of fibroblasts. LAB has no effects on Tm‐induced decreased expression of goblet cell‐related genes regardless of the presence of fibroblasts. Conclusion It is demonstrated that goblet cell–fibroblast crosstalk impacts mucus synthesis and influences the effects of LAB on goblet cell‐related genes. Effects are LAB‐species and stressor dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Ren
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jelleke Dokter-Fokkens
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Figueroa Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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89
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Curciarello R, Canziani KE, Docena GH, Muglia CI. Contribution of Non-immune Cells to Activation and Modulation of the Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:647. [PMID: 31024529 PMCID: PMC6467945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system constitutes a physical and dynamic barrier against foreign antigens and pathogens and exerts control mechanisms to maintain intestinal tolerance to the microbiota and food antigens. Chronic alterations of the intestinal homeostasis predispose to inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). There is growing evidence that the frequency and severity of these diseases are increasing worldwide, which may be probably due to changes in environmental factors. Several stromal and immune cells are involved in this delicate equilibrium that dictates homeostasis. In this review we aimed to summarize the role of epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the induction of mucosal inflammation in the context of IBD. It has been extensively described that environmental factors are key players in this process, and the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is currently being intensively investigated due to its profound impact the immune response. Recent findings have demonstrated the interplay between dietary and environmental components, the gut microbiome, and immune cells. "Western" dietary patterns, such as high caloric diets, and pollution can induce alterations in the gut microbiome that in turn affect the intestinal and systemic homeostasis. Here we summarize current knowledge on the influence of dietary components and air particulate matters on gut microbiome composition, and the impact on stromal and immune cells, with a particular focus on promoting local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Curciarello
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Karina Eva Canziani
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Horacio Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Isabel Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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90
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Food Supplements to Mitigate Detrimental Effects of Pelvic Radiotherapy. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040097. [PMID: 30987157 PMCID: PMC6518429 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of pelvic radiation-induced GI toxicity are poorly understood, they are known to involve a complex interplay between all cell types comprising the intestinal wall. Furthermore, increasing evidence states that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation-induced health damaging effects. Gut microbial dysbiosis leads to diarrhea and fatigue in half of the patients. As a result, reinforcement of the microbiome has become a hot topic in various medical disciplines. To counteract GI radiotoxicities, apart from traditional pharmacological compounds, adjuvant therapies are being developed including food supplements like vitamins, prebiotics, and probiotics. Despite the easy, cheap, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against acute radiation-induced toxicity, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. In this review, a detailed overview is given of the various clinical, intestinal manifestations after pelvic irradiation as well as the role of the gut microbiome herein. Furthermore, whilst discussing possible strategies to prevent these symptoms, food supplements are presented as auspicious, prophylactic, and therapeutic options to mitigate acute pelvic radiation-induced GI injury by exploring their molecular mechanisms of action.
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91
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Yamamoto N, Shoji M, Hoshigami H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Takatsuzu T, Yasuda S, Igoshi K, Kinoshita H. Antioxidant capacity of soymilk yogurt and exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2019; 38:97-104. [PMID: 31384521 PMCID: PMC6663512 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.18-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, are highly reactive molecules derived from the metabolism of oxygen. ROS play positive roles in cell
physiology, but they may also damage cell membranes and DNA, inducing oxidation that causes membrane lipid peroxidation and decreases membrane fluidity. Soymilk yogurt, which is soymilk
fermented using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is an excellent food item with numerous functional substances with antioxidant effects. In this study, the antioxidative activities of soymilk
yogurt were investigated. Sixteen of the 26 tested LAB strains solidified soymilk. In antioxidant capacity tests for bacterial cells, Leuconostoc mesenteroides MYU 60 and
Pediococcus pentosaceus MYU 759 showed the highest values in the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) tests,
respectively. The supernatant of soymilk yogurt made with Lactobacillus gasseri MYU 1 showed the highest ORAC and HORAC values. L. mesenteroides MYU 60,
Lactobacillus plantarum MYU 74, Lactobacillus reuteri MYU 220, and P. pentosaceus MYU 759 showed significantly high N-acetylcysteine
equivalent values compared with the control in a total ROS reducing assay (p<0.05). These strains were selected, and a comet assay was performed, which exhibited decreased values in all
selected strains compared with the control, indicating DNA protection. An acidic exopolysaccharide produced by P. pentosaceus MYU 759 showed high antioxidant capacity. The
antioxidant substances produced by LAB fermentation may be exopolysaccharides, antioxidant peptides, and isoflavone aglycones. Soymilk yogurt can be used as a functional food useful for
various diseases related to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Momoka Shoji
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hoshigami
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tappei Takatsuzu
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shin Yasuda
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Igoshi
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Kinoshita
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
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92
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Associations of Probiotic Fermented Milk (PFM) and Yogurt Consumption with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Components of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030651. [PMID: 30889821 PMCID: PMC6470543 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates whether probiotic fermented milk (PFM) and yogurt consumption (YC) are related to both the ingested bacteria taxa and the overall gut microbiota (GM) composition in healthy adults. PFM and YC habits were analyzed in 260 subjects (51% male) by specific questionnaires, and the following groups were considered: (1) PFM groups: nonconsumers (PFM-NC, n = 175) and consumers (PFM, n = 85), divided as follows: Bifidobacterium-containing PFM (Bif-PFM; n = 33), Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Lb-PFM; n = 14), and mixed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Mixed-PFM; n = 38); (2) PFM-NC were classified as: yogurt nonconsumers (Y-NC; n = 40) and yogurt consumers (n = 135). GM was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. PFM consumers showed higher Bifidobacteria taxa levels compared to NC, from phylum through to species. Specifically, Bif-PFM consumption was related to higher B. animalis levels (p < 0.001), whereas Lb-PFM consumption was associated to higher levels of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.045) and B. longum (p = 0.011). YC was related to higher levels of the yogurt starter Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.001). Lactobacilli and the overall GM were not related either to YC or PFM consumption. According to these results, healthy adults might benefit from PFM intake by increasing Bifidobacterium levels.
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93
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Gao J, Li Y, Wan Y, Hu T, Liu L, Yang S, Gong Z, Zeng Q, Wei Y, Yang W, Zeng Z, He X, Huang SH, Cao H. A Novel Postbiotic From Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 30923519 PMCID: PMC6426789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that probiotics can be used to maintain intestinal homeostasis and treat a number of gastrointestinal disorders, but the underlying mechanism has remained obscure. Recently, increasing evidence supports the notion that certain probiotic-derived components, such as bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acids, surface layer protein and secreted protein, have a similar protective role on intestinal barrier function as that of live probiotics. These bioactive components have been named 'postbiotics' in the most recent publications. We previously found that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) culture supernatant is able to accelerate the maturation of neonatal intestinal defense and prevent neonatal rats from oral Escherichia coli K1 infection. However, the identity of the bioactive constituents has not yet been determined. In this study, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we identified a novel secreted protein (named HM0539 here) involved in the beneficial effect of LGG culture supernatant. HM0539 was recombinated, purified, and applied for exploring its potential bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that HM0539 exhibits a potent protective effect on the intestinal barrier, as reflected by enhancing intestinal mucin expression and preventing against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced intestinal barrier injury, including downregulation of intestinal mucin (MUC2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and disruption of the intestinal integrity. Using a neonatal rat model of E. coli K1 infection via the oral route, we verified that HM0539 is sufficient to promote development of neonatal intestinal defense and prevent against E. coli K1 pathogenesis. Moreover, we further extended the role of HM0539 and found it has potential to prevent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis as well as LPS/D-galactosamine-induced bacterial translocation and liver injury. In conclusion, we identified a novel LGG postbiotic HM0539 which exerts a protective effect on intestinal barrier function. Our findings indicated that HM0539 has potential to become a useful agent for prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction- related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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94
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A More Robust Gut Microbiota in Calorie-Restricted Mice Is Associated with Attenuated Intestinal Injury Caused by the Chemotherapy Drug Cyclophosphamide. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02903-18. [PMID: 30862756 PMCID: PMC6414708 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02903-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the gut microbiota via calorie restriction is beneficial for human health. Our findings showed differential responses between calorie-restricted mice and ad libitum-fed mice. Compared with the ad libitum-fed mice, the calorie-restricted mice were less susceptible to cyclophosphamide side effects otherwise observed on the gut integrity and its microbiota. These results show the potential benefits of manipulating the gut microbiota with CR prior to cancer chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely used in cancer chemotherapy, but it often induces mucositis, in which the disruption of the gut microbiota might play a pivotal role. Whether the manipulation of the gut microbiota can be used as a strategy to improve CTX-induced mucositis remains to be studied. Here we observed the effects of a 4-week calorie restriction (CR) on CTX-induced mucositis. Compared with ad libitum-fed mice, CR mice showed significantly less mucositis in response to CTX, including lower intestinal permeability, less bacterial translocation, higher number of epithelial stem cells, and less epithelium damage. CTX induced significant shifts of the gut microbiota of the gut microbiota in ad libitum-fed control mice. In contrast, CR mice showed no significant change in their gut microbiota in responding to CTX treatment. CR significantly enriched the gut microbiota in Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae which are known to mitigate inflammation and improve gut barrier function. These findings suggest that CR remodeled gut microbiota is more robust and may contribute to attenuate the side effects of cyclophosphamide, which supports the concept that cancer chemotherapy would benefit from strategies targeting the gut microbiota.
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95
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Rowan-Nash AD, Korry BJ, Mylonakis E, Belenky P. Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2019; 83:e00044-18. [PMID: 30626617 PMCID: PMC6383444 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00044-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome to human health is increasingly recognized and has become a major focus of recent research. However, much of the work has focused on a few aspects, particularly the bacterial component of the microbiome, most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract. Yet humans and other animals can be colonized by a wide array of organisms spanning all domains of life, including bacteria and archaea, unicellular eukaryotes such as fungi, multicellular eukaryotes such as helminths, and viruses. As they share the same host niches, they can compete with, synergize with, and antagonize each other, with potential impacts on their host. Here, we discuss these major groups making up the human microbiome, with a focus on how they interact with each other and their multicellular host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn D Rowan-Nash
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Benjamin J Korry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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96
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The Difference in the Mucus Organization Between the Small and Large Intestine and Its Protection of Selected Natural Substances. A Review. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The mucus layer of the intestinal tract plays an important role of forming the front line of innate host defense. Recent studies have suggested that the involvement of feeding natural additives on protection/prevention/promotion of mucus production in the intestinal environment is beneficial. The goblet cells continually produce mucins for the retention of the mucus barrier under physiological conditions, but different factors (e. g. microorganisms, microbial toxins, viruses, cytokines, and enzymes) can have profound effects on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium covered by a protective mucus. The intestinal mucus forms enterocytes covered by transmembrane mucins and goblet cells produce by the secreted gel-forming mucins (MUC2). The mucus is organized in a single unattached mucus layer in the small intestine and in two mucus layers (inner, outer) in the colon. The main part of the review evaluates the effects of natural additives/substances supplementation to stimulate increased expression of MUC2 mucin in the intestine of animals.
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97
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Feng P, Ye Z, Kakade A, Virk AK, Li X, Liu P. A Review on Gut Remediation of Selected Environmental Contaminants: Possible Roles of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010022. [PMID: 30577661 PMCID: PMC6357009 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various environmental contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides and antibiotics can contaminate food and water, leading to adverse effects on human health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and intestinal disorder. Therefore, remediation of the toxicity of foodborne contaminants in human has become a primary concern. Some probiotic bacteria, mainly Lactobacilli, have received a great attention due to their ability to reduce the toxicity of several contaminants. For instance, Lactobacilli can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of selective heavy metals and pesticides in animal tissues by inhibiting intestinal absorption of contaminants and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Probiotics have also shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea possibly via competing and producing antagonistic compounds against pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, probiotics can improve immune function by enhancing the gut microbiota mediated anti-inflammation. Thus, these probiotic bacteria are promising candidates for protecting body against foodborne contaminants-induced toxicity. Study on the mechanism of these beneficial bacterial strains during remediation processes and particularly their interaction with host gut microbiota is an active field of research. This review summarizes the current understanding of the remediation mechanisms of some probiotics and the combined effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on remediation of foodborne contaminants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengya Feng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ze Ye
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Apurva Kakade
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Amanpreet Kaur Virk
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Pu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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98
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Iron Supplements Containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Increase Ferric Iron and Up-regulate the Ferric Reductase DCYTB in Human Caco-2/HT29 MTX Co-Cultures. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121949. [PMID: 30544799 PMCID: PMC6315724 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human interventions have indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v) increases intestinal iron absorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of L. plantarum 299v on the mechanisms of iron absorption on the cellular level. We have previously shown that lactic fermentation of vegetables increased iron absorption in humans. It was revealed that the level of ferric iron [Fe (H₂O)₅]2+ was increased after fermentation. Therefore, we used voltammetry to measure the oxidation state of iron in simulated gastrointestinal digested oat and mango drinks and capsule meals containing L. plantarum 299v. We also exposed human intestinal co-cultures of enterocytes and goblet cells (Caco-2/HT29 MTX) to the supplements in order to study the effect on proteins possibly involved (MUC5AC, DCYTB, DMT1, and ferritin). We detected an increase in ferric iron in the digested meals and drinks containing L. plantarum 299v. In the intestinal cell model, we observed that the ferric reductase DCYTB increased in the presence of L. plantarum 299v, while the production of mucin (MUC5AC) decreased independently of L. plantarum 299v. In conclusion, the data suggest that the effect of L. plantarum 299v on iron metabolism is mediated through driving the Fe3+/DCYTB axis.
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99
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Nath A, Molnár MA, Csighy A, Kőszegi K, Galambos I, Huszár KP, Koris A, Vatai G. Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060098. [PMID: 30513975 PMCID: PMC6306850 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Csighy
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornélia Kőszegi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Galambos
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Klára Pásztorné Huszár
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 43⁻45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Vatai
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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100
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Modulation of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Survival and Virulence in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6040115. [PMID: 30463258 PMCID: PMC6313751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for human diseases ranging from diarrhoea to life-threatening complications. Survival of the pathogen and modulation of virulence gene expression along the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are key features in bacterial pathogenesis, but remain poorly described, due to a paucity of relevant model systems. This review will provide an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the effect of abiotic (e.g., gastric acid, bile, low oxygen concentration or fluid shear) and biotic (e.g., gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids or host hormones) parameters of the human gut on EHEC survival and/or virulence (especially in relation with motility, adhesion and toxin production). Despite their relevance, these studies display important limitations considering the complexity of the human digestive environment. These include the evaluation of only one single digestive parameter at a time, lack of dynamic flux and compartmentalization, and the absence of a complex human gut microbiota. In a last part of the review, we will discuss how dynamic multi-compartmental in vitro models of the human gut represent a novel platform for elucidating spatial and temporal modulation of EHEC survival and virulence along the GIT, and provide new insights into EHEC pathogenesis.
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