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Pereira BM, Thieme K, de Araújo L, Rodrigues AC. Lack of adiponectin in mice accelerates high-fat diet-induced progression of chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2020; 257:118061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sodhi K, Denvir J, Liu J, Sanabria JR, Chen Y, Silverstein R, Xie Z, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. Oxidant-Induced Alterations in the Adipocyte Transcriptome: Role of the Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165923. [PMID: 32824688 PMCID: PMC7460641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently we have noted that adipocyte specific expression of the peptide, NaKtide, which was developed to attenuate the Na,K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop, could ameliorate the phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy. We performed this study to better characterize the cellular transcriptomes that are involved in various biological pathways associated with adipocyte function occurring with renal failure. (2) Methods: RNAseq was performed on the visceral adipose tissue of animals subjected to partial nephrectomy. Specific expression of NaKtide in adipocytes was achieved using an adiponectin promoter. To better understand the cause of gene expression changes in vivo, 3T3L1 adipocytes were exposed to indoxyl sulfate (IS) or oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with and without pNaKtide (the cell permeant form of NaKtide). RNAseq was also performed on these samples. (3) Results: We noted a large number of adipocyte genes were altered in experimental renal failure. Adipocyte specific NaKtide expression reversed most of these abnormalities. High correlation with some cardiac specific phenotypical features was noted amongst groups of these genes. In the murine adipocytes, both IS and oxLDL induced similar pathway changes as were noted in vivo, and pNaKtide appeared to reverse these changes. Network analysis demonstrated tremendous similarities between the network revealed by gene expression analysis with IS compared with oxLDL, and the combined in vitro dataset was noted to also have considerable similarity to that seen in vivo with experimental renal failure. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that the myriad of phenotypical features seen with experimental renal failure may be fundamentally linked to oxidant stress within adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - James Denvir
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Juan R. Sanabria
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roy Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Zijian Xie
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704
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BedÊ TP, Jesuz VA, Souza VR, Elias MB, Oliveira FL, Dias JF, Teodoro AJ, Azeredo VB. Effects of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol on liver parameters of rat submitted high-fat diet. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191230. [PMID: 32785427 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol in liver parameters of rats submitted to high-fat diet. Experimental model was conducted with groups of adult females Rattus norvegicus: control (CG); high-fat (HG); grape juice (JG); red wine (RW) and resveratrol solution (RG). The high-fat diet significantly altered hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in all treated groups. HG group presented severe steatosis followed hepatocyte ballooning and tissue damages. JG group minimized hepatic histological lesion caused by high-fat diet and WG group also induced steatosis and inflammation in hepatocytes, similar to HG. Still, resveratrol protected the tissue against fatty liver disease by reducing fat infiltration and inflammation, indicating possible therapeutic effects on the liver. Cell cycle analysis showed that HG promoted damage to the tissue, reducing the viable cell content and increasing apoptosis, even when associated with wine consumption or isolated resveratrol. However, JG protected the liver against cell damage generated by the diet. Consumption of grape juice, even associated with a high-fat diet, represents a promising protection of the liver against cellular damage, but red wine further affects the tissue, and resveratrol alone was able to reduce damage but did not minimize cellular damage to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P BedÊ
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Jesuz
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Souza
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique B Elias
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Dias
- Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson J Teodoro
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vilma B Azeredo
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Woo CY, Baek JY, Kim AR, Hong CH, Yoon JE, Kim HS, Yoo HJ, Park TS, Kc R, Lee KU, Koh EH. Inhibition of Ceramide Accumulation in Podocytes by Myriocin Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:581-591. [PMID: 31701696 PMCID: PMC7453988 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramides are associated with metabolic complications including diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes. Recent studies have reported that podocytes play a pivotal role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be an early event in podocyte injury. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that ceramide accumulation in podocytes induces mitochondrial damage through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We used Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. We fed the animals either a control- or a myriocin-containing diet to evaluate the effects of the ceramide. Also, we assessed the effects of ceramide on intracellular ROS generation and on podocyte autophagy in cultured podocytes. RESULTS OLETF rats and HFD-fed mice showed albuminuria, histologic features of diabetic nephropathy, and podocyte injury, whereas myriocin treatment effectively treated these abnormalities. Cultured podocytes exposed to agents predicted to be risk factors (high glucose, high free fatty acid, and angiotensin II in combination [GFA]) showed an increase in ceramide accumulation and ROS generation in podocyte mitochondria. Pretreatment with myriocin reversed GFA-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and prevented cell death. Myriocin-pretreated cells were protected from GFA-induced disruption of mitochondrial integrity. CONCLUSION We showed that mitochondrial ceramide accumulation may result in podocyte damage through ROS production. Therefore, this signaling pathway could become a pharmacological target to abate the development of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Hong
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoun Sik Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Sulforaphane suppresses obesity-related glomerulopathy-induced damage by enhancing autophagy via Nrf2. Life Sci 2020; 258:118153. [PMID: 32738361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly with or without focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. Isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) can protect kidneys from ORG-related damages. In this study, we investigated the effects of SFN as a preventive therapy or intervention for ORG to reveal its mechanism of action. MAIN METHODS We established a mouse obesity model with preventive SFN or N-acetylcysteine treatment for 2 months. Thereafter, we used nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) and wild type mice in our ORG model with SFN treatment. Finally, we generated a corresponding mouse podocyte model in vitro. The body weight, wet weight of perirenal-and peritesticular fat, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were assessed. We used periodic acid-Schiff staining and electron microscopy to assess the function of the kidneys and podocytes. In addition, we evaluated the expression of Nrf2 and podocyte-specific proteins by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with SFN reduced body weight, organ-associated fat weight, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in both the preventive treatment and disease intervention regimens. SFN treated mice exhibited higher expression levels of podocyte-specific proteins and better podocyte function. However, treatment with SFN did not affect these parameters in obese Nrf2-/- mice. Light chain 3 of microtubule-associated protein 1-II and metallothionein had higher expression in the wild type than in the Nrf2-/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment with SFN limited ORG-induced damage by enhancing podocyte autophagy via Nrf2.
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Reverte V, Gogulamudi VR, Rosales CB, Musial DC, Gonsalez SR, Parra-Vitela AJ, Galeas-Pena M, Sure VN, Visniauskas B, Lindsey SH, Katakam PVG, Prieto MC. Urinary angiotensinogen increases in the absence of overt renal injury in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107448. [PMID: 31761419 PMCID: PMC6981045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY During type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension there is stimulation of renal proximal tubule angiotensinogen (AGT), but whether urinary excretion of AGT (uAGT) is an indicator of glomerular damage or intrarenal RAS activation is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that elevations in uAGT can be detected in the absence of albuminuria in a mouse model of T2D. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (N = 10) were fed a high fat (HFD; 45% Kcal from fat) for 28 weeks, and the metabolic phenotype including body weight, blood pressures, glucose, insulin, ippGTT, HOMA-IR, and cholesterol was examined. In addition, kidney Ang II content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured along with urinary albumin, creatinine, Ang II, and AGT. RESULTS All parameters consistent with T2D were present in mice after 12-14 weeks on the HFD. Systolic BP increased after 18 weeks in HFD but not NFD mice. Intrarenal ROS and Ang II concentrations were also increased in HFD mice. Remarkably, these changes paralleled the augmentation uAGT excretion (3.66 ± 0.50 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 ng/mg by week 29; P < 0.01), which occurred in the absence of overt albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS In HFD-induced T2D mice, increases in uAGT occur in the absence of overt renal injury, indicating that this biomarker accurately detects early intrarenal RAS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Reverte
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Carla B Rosales
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Diego C Musial
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R Gonsalez
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Galeas-Pena
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, New Orleans, USA.
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Preguiça I, Alves A, Nunes S, Gomes P, Fernandes R, Viana SD, Reis F. Diet-Induced Rodent Models of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Retinopathy and Nephropathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010250. [PMID: 31963709 PMCID: PMC7019796 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary habits are major modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease with increasing prevalence and serious consequences. Microvascular complications of diabetes, namely diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), retinopathy (DR), and nephropathy (DN), are associated with high morbidity rates and a heavy social and economic burden. Currently, available therapeutic options to counter the evolution of diabetic microvascular complications are clearly insufficient, which strongly recommends further research. Animal models are essential tools to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression, to unravel new therapeutic targets, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs and/or novel therapeutic approaches. However, choosing the best animal model is challenging due to the large number of factors that need to be considered. This is particularly relevant for models induced by dietary modifications, which vary markedly in terms of macronutrient composition. In this article, we revisit the rodent models of diet-induced DPN, DR, and DN, critically comparing the main features of these microvascular complications in humans and the criteria for their diagnosis with the parameters that have been used in preclinical research using rodent models, considering the possible need for factors which can accelerate or aggravate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-053
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Noshahr ZS, Salmani H, Khajavi Rad A, Sahebkar A. Animal Models of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9416419. [PMID: 32566684 PMCID: PMC7256713 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9416419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main factor leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Importantly, the prevalence of DN is continuously increasing in developed countries. Many rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been established to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes and examine novel therapies against DN. These models are developed by chemical, surgical, genetic, drug, and diet/nutrition interventions or combination of two or more methods. The main characteristics of DN including a decrease in renal function, albuminuria and mesangiolysis, mesangial expansion, and nodular glomerulosclerosis should be exhibited by an animal model of DN. However, a rodent model possessing all of the abovementioned features of human DN has not yet been developed. Furthermore, mice of different genetic backgrounds and strains show different levels of susceptibility to DN with respect to albuminuria and development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the type of diabetes, development of nephropathy, duration of the study, cost of maintaining and breeding, and animals' mortality rate are important factors that might be affected by the type of DN model. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of different rodent models of diabetes that are being used to study DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi Noshahr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Martin WP, White J, López-Hernández FJ, Docherty NG, le Roux CW. Metabolic Surgery to Treat Obesity in Diabetic Kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and End-Stage Kidney Disease; What Are the Unanswered Questions? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:289. [PMID: 33013677 PMCID: PMC7462008 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major factor in contemporary clinical practice in nephrology. Obesity accelerates the progression of both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease and, in renal transplantation, both recipient and donor obesity increase the risk of allograft complications. Obesity is thus a major driver of renal disease progression and a barrier to deceased and living donor kidney transplantation. Large observational studies have highlighted that metabolic surgery reduces the incidence of albuminuria, slows chronic kidney disease progression, and reduces the incidence of end-stage kidney disease over extended follow-up in people with and without type 2 diabetes. The surgical treatment of obesity and its metabolic sequelae has therefore the potential to improve management of diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease and aid in the slowing of renal decline toward end-stage kidney disease. In the context of patients with end-stage kidney disease, although complications of metabolic surgery are higher, absolute event rates are low and it remains a safe intervention in this population. Pre-transplant metabolic surgery increases access to kidney transplantation in people with obesity and end-stage kidney disease. Metabolic surgery also improves management of metabolic complications post-kidney transplantation, including new-onset diabetes. Procedure selection may be critical to mitigate the risks of oxalate nephropathy and disruption to immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics. Metabolic surgery may also have a role in the treatment of donor obesity, which could increase the living kidney donor pool with potential downstream impact on kidney paired exchange programmes. The present paper provides a comprehensive coverage of the literature concerning renal outcomes in clinical studies of metabolic surgery and integrates findings from relevant mechanistic pre-clinical studies. In so doing the key unanswered questions for the field are brought to the fore for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Martin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: William P. Martin
| | - James White
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco J. López-Hernández
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IECSCYL-IBSAL), Hospital Virgen Vega, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Investigative Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Udi S, Hinden L, Ahmad M, Drori A, Iyer MR, Cinar R, Herman-Edelstein M, Tam J. Dual inhibition of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor and inducible NOS attenuates obesity-induced chronic kidney disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:110-127. [PMID: 31454063 PMCID: PMC6976880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Obesity, an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects the kidneys by two main molecular signalling pathways: the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system, whose activation in obesity promotes renal inflammation, fibrosis, and injury, and the inducible NOS (iNOS), which generates ROS resulting in oxidative stress. Hence, a compound that inhibits both peripheral CB1 receptors and iNOS may serve as an effective therapeutic agent against obesity‐induced CKD. Experimental Approach Here, we describe the effect of a novel peripherally restricted, orally bioavailable dual CB1 receptor/iNOS antagonist, MRI‐1867 (3 mg·kg−1), in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD, and compared its metabolic and renal efficacies to a stand‐alone peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist (JD5037; 3 mg·kg−1), iNOS antagonist (1400W; 10 mg·kg−1), and pair feeding. Mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity were treated orally with these compounds or vehicle (Veh) for 28 days. Standard diet‐fed mice treated with Veh served as controls. Key Results Enhanced expression of CB1 receptors and iNOS in renal tubules was found in human kidney patients with obesity and other CKDs. The hybrid inhibitor ameliorated obesity‐induced kidney morphological and functional changes via decreasing kidney inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and renal injury. Some of these features were independent of the improved metabolic profile mediated via inhibition of CB1 receptors. An additional interesting finding is that these beneficial effects on the kidney were partially associated with modulating renal adiponectin signalling. Conclusions and Implications Collectively, our results highlight the therapeutic relevance of blocking CB1 receptors and iNOS in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Majdoleen Ahmad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Herman-Edelstein
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Resveratrol Protects Against Renal Damage via Attenuation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Inflammation 2019; 42:937-945. [PMID: 30554371 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the chronic kidney disease associated with obesity. Resveratrol (RSV) has been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of RSV on renal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese mice induced by high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were induced to have nephropathy associated obesity by high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, oral supplementation with 100 mg RSV/kg body weight/day was applied with the high-fat-diet feeding for another 4 weeks. The results showed that RSV treatment protected against renal damage induced by high-fat diet, as evidenced by the decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, alleviation of glomerular damage, and tubular vacuolization. In addition, RSV enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity; improved the expression of genes related to inflammation; and decreased the malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations in the kidney of high-fat-diet mice. In conclusion, RSV could alleviate renal damage in obese mice induced by high-fat diet via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Rodríguez RR, González-Bulnes A, Garcia-Contreras C, Elena Rodriguez-Rodriguez A, Astiz S, Vazquez-Gomez M, Luis Pesantez J, Isabel B, Salido-Ruiz E, González J, Donate Correa J, Luis-Lima S, Porrini E. The Iberian pig fed with high-fat diet: a model of renal disease in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:457-465. [PMID: 31636376 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of renal disease in the context of overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance is not completely understood. This may be due to the lack of a definitive animal model of disease, which limits our understanding of obesity-induced renal damage. We evaluated the changes in renal histology and lipid deposits induced by obesity in a model of insulin resistance: the Iberian swine fed with fat-enriched food. METHODS Twenty-eight female sows were randomized to standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD: 6.8% of saturated fat) for 100 days. Weight, adiposity, analytics, oral glucose tolerance tests, and measured renal function were determined. Renal histology and lipid deposits in renal tissue were analyzed. RESULTS Animals on HFD developed obesity, hypertension, high levels of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and glomerular hyperfiltration. No animal developed overt diabetes. Animals on HFD showed "diabetoid changes", including mesangial expansion [21.40% ± 4 vs.13.20% ± 4.0, p < 0.0001], nodular glomerulosclerosis [7.40% ± 7, 0.75 vs. 2.40% ± 4.7, p = 0.02], and glomerulomegaly (18% vs. 10%, p = 0.010) than those on SD. Tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, arteriolar hyalinosis, or fibrointimal thickening were mild and similar between groups. Triglyceride content in renal tissue was higher in animals on HFD than in SD (15.4% ± 0.5 vs. 12.7% ± 0.7; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Iberian pigs fed with fat-enriched food showed diabetoid changes and glomerulomegaly as observed in obese humans making this model suitable to study obesity-induced renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Salido-Ruiz
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Javier Donate Correa
- Nephrology Department, Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sergio Luis-Lima
- Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Tenerife, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Tenerife, Spain. .,Nephrology Department, Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.
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63
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Ridwan R, Natzir R, Rasyid H, Patellongi I, Hatta M, Linggi EB, Bukhari A, Bahrun U. Decreased Renal Function Induced by High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rat: The Role of Plasma Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). BIOMEDICAL & PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 12:1279-1287. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Researches on the effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) on decreased renal function with cystatin C (cysC) serum levels biomarker are few and show different findings. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in controlling renal function and one of the integral components of the RAS is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Research on the relationship between plasma ACE2 levels with serum cysC levels in animals induced by HFD has not been done. We hypothesize that administration of HFD can cause a decline in early stage renal function through the role of ACE2. 30 male wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks (body weight between 170-220 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats/group): baseline, normal diet for 8 weeks (ND8), ND for 16 weeks (ND16), HFD for 8 weeks (HFD8) and HFD for 16 weeks (HFD16). Body weight and naso-anal length were measured to get the index value of obesity and body fat percentage. Obesity index measured are lee index, rohrer index and TM index. Blood samples obtained by intracardiac for examination of plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. After 8 and 16 weeks, HFD increases body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage. HFD also increases plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. Body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage have a positive correlation with plasma ACE2 levels. Plasma ACE2 levels were positively correlated with serum cysC levels. HFD causes a decrease of early stage renal function as evidenced by the increase in serum cysC levels. Plasma ACE2 levels play a role in the pathogenesis of the decline in early stage renal function induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosdiana Natzir
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Haerani Rasyid
- 3Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 7Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ilhamjaya Patellongi
- 4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- 5*Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elmiana Bongga Linggi
- 6Nursing Science Study Program, Stella Maris School of Health Sciences of Higher Education, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- 7Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Uleng Bahrun
- 8Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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64
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Zhang Y, Young JL, Cai L, Tong YG, Miao L, Freedman JH. Chronic exposure to arsenic and high fat diet induces sex-dependent pathogenic effects on the kidney. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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65
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Fructose increases the activity of sodium hydrogen exchanger in renal proximal tubules that is dependent on ketohexokinase. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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66
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Elyan BMP, Lees JS, Gillis KA, Mackinnon B, Fox JG, Geddes CC, McQuarrie EP. Obesity is not associated with progression to end stage renal disease in patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:237. [PMID: 31266462 PMCID: PMC6604373 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) is associated with renal disease progression in unspecified CKD. The relationship between BMI and primary glomerular disease (GN) may be more complex. We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and renal disease progression in patients with primary glomerular disease (GN). Methods This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study performed in adult patients with biopsy-proven primary GN (excluding minimal change disease) from January 2000 to December 2015, with follow-up data until June 2017. BMI at time of biopsy was categorised as ≤25 kg/m2, > 25 to ≤30 kg/m2 and > 30 kg/m2. We used univariate and multivariate survival analyses to evaluate factors associated with progression to a composite endpoint of stage 5 CKD or renal replacement therapy (Major Adverse Renal Event - MARE) censoring for competing risk of death using Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model. Results We included 560 patients with biopsy-proven primary GN and available BMI data: 66.1% were male with median age 54.8 (IQR 41.1–66.2) years and BMI 28.2 (IQR 24.9–32.1) kg/m2. Those with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 (n = 210) and with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (n = 207) were older (p = 0.007) with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.02 and 0.004 respectively) than those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 132). There was a greater proportion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in those with higher BMI (3.9% in BMI < 25 kg/m2, 7.9% in BMI 25–30 kg/m2 and 10.7% in BMI > 30 kg/m2 of biopsies (p = 0.01)), but similar proportions of other GN diagnoses across BMI groups. Baseline eGFR (p = 0.40) and uPCR (p = 0.17) were similar across BMI groups. There was no interaction between BMI and time to MARE (log-rank p = 0.98) or death (log-rank p = 0.42). Censoring for competing risk of death, factors associated with progression to MARE were: younger age, lower baseline eGFR and higher uPCR, but not BMI (SHR 0.99, 95%CI 0.97–1.01, p = 0.31) nor blood pressure or GN diagnosis. Conclusion BMI was not associated with progression to MARE in this patient cohort with primary GN. Efforts should be directed to managing other known risk factors for CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M P Elyan
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer S Lees
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK. .,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Keith A Gillis
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bruce Mackinnon
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan G Fox
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin C Geddes
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily P McQuarrie
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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67
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Woo M, Han S, Song YO. Sesame Oil Attenuates Renal Oxidative Stress Induced by a High Fat Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:114-120. [PMID: 31328114 PMCID: PMC6615356 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative effects of the bioactive compounds enriched sesame oil (e.g. lignans and tocopherols) are well established. This study aims to elucidate whether sesame oil could reduce renal oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet (HFD). Mice received HFD for 12 weeks (n=7 per group), which was prepared by adding 20% (w/w) lard (lard group) or sesame oil (sesame group) to the chow diet, respectively. Compared with mice in the lard group, renal lipid levels of those in the sesame group were reduced, shown by decreases in protein expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase α) and an increase in β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) (P<0.05). In the sesame group, levels of peroxynitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were also reduced, whereas the level of glutathione was increased. In addition, there was elevated protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes regulated by nuclear factor-like 2, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase (P<0.05), and decreased expression for nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase 2 (P<0.05). These results suggest that sesame oil could ameliorate HFD-induced renal damage by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.,Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Seongkyung Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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68
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Elafibranor Inhibits Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in NASH Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6740616. [PMID: 31321239 PMCID: PMC6607733 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6740616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of new pharmacological approaches to inhibit the excessive fat intake-induced steatohepatitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatohepatitis and CKD share common pathogenesis involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -δ. Elafibranor, a dual PPARα/δ agonist, can ameliorate the HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Nonetheless, the effects of HFD-induced CKD had not yet explored. This study investigated the effects of elafibranor (elaf) on the progression of HFD-induced CKD in mice. In vivo and in vitro renal effects were evaluated in HFD-elaf mice receiving 12 weeks of elafibranor (from 13th to 24th week of HFD feeding) treatment. In elafibranor-treated HFD mice, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced obesity and body fat mass, decreased severity of steatohepatitis, increased renal expression of PPARα, PPARδ, SIRT1, and autophagy (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) as well as glomerular/renal tubular barrier markers [synaptopodin (podocyte marker), zona occludin-1, and cubulin], reduced renal oxidative stress and caspase-3, and less urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion were observed. Aforementioned benefits of elafibranor were associated with low renal tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis scores, less albuminuria, low urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and preserved glomerular filtration rate. Acute incubation of podocytes and HK-2 cells with elafibranor or recombinant SIRT1 reversed the HFD-sera-induced oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction, cell apoptosis, barrier marker loss, albumin endocytosis, and reuptake reduction. Besides hepatoprotective and metabolic beneficial effects, current study showed that elafibranor inhibited the progression of HFD-induced CKD through activation of renal PPARα, PPARδ, SIRT1, autophagy, reduction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mice with steatohepatitis.
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69
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Zhang LH, Zhu XY, Eirin A, Nargesi AA, Woollard JR, Santelli A, Sun IO, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Early podocyte injury and elevated levels of urinary podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in swine with metabolic syndrome: role of podocyte mitochondria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F12-F22. [PMID: 31042059 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00399.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with nutrient surplus and kidney hyperfiltration, accelerating chronic renal failure. The potential involvement of podocyte damage in early MetS remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important determinant of renal damage, but whether it contributes to MetS-related podocyte injury remains unknown. Domestic pigs were studied after 16 wk of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated with the mitochondria-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sc) for the last month of diet, and lean controls (n = 6 pigs/group). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured using multidetector computed tomography, and podocyte and mitochondrial injury were measured by light and electron microscopy. Urinary levels of podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs; nephrin positive/podocalyxin positive) were characterized by flow cytometry. Body weight, blood pressure, RBF, and GFR were elevated in MetS. Glomerular size and glomerular injury score were also elevated in MetS and decreased after ELAM treatment. Evidence of podocyte injury, impaired podocyte mitochondria, and foot process width were all increased in MetS but restored with ELAM. The urinary concentration of pEVs was elevated in MetS pigs and directly correlated with renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and fibrosis and inversely correlated with glomerular nephrin expression. Additionally, pEV numbers were elevated in the urine of obese compared with lean human patients. Early MetS induces podocyte injury and mitochondrial damage, which can be blunted by mitoprotection. Urinary pEVs reflecting podocyte injury might represent early markers of MetS-related kidney disease and a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Santelli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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Kurstjens S, Smeets B, Overmars-Bos C, Dijkman HB, den Braanker DJW, de Bel T, Bindels RJM, Tack CJJ, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Renal phospholipidosis and impaired magnesium handling in high-fat-diet-fed mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:7192-7201. [PMID: 30848940 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801778rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia (blood Mg2+ concentration <0.7 mM) is a common electrolyte disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the etiology remains largely unknown. In patients with T2D, reduced blood Mg2+ levels are associated with an increased decline in renal function, independent of glycemic control and hypertension. To study the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, we investigated the renal effects of hypomagnesemia in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. In mice fed a low dietary Mg2+, the HFD resulted in severe hypomagnesemia within 4 wk. Renal or intestinal Mg2+ wasting was not observed after 16 wk on the diets. Despite the absence of urinary or fecal Mg2+ loss, the HFD induced a reduction in the mRNA expression transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 in both the kidney and colon. mRNA expression of distal convoluted tubule (DCT)-specific genes was down-regulated by the LowMg-HFD, indicating atrophy of the DCT. The low dietary Mg2+ resulted in severe HFD-induced proximal tubule phospholipidosis, which was absent in mice on a NormalMg-HFD. This was accompanied by albuminuria, moderate renal damage, and alterations in renal energy metabolism, including enhanced gluconeogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. In conclusion, this study shows that hypomagnesemia is a consequence of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, hypomagnesemia induces major structural changes in the diabetic kidney, including proximal tubular phospholipidosis, providing a novel mechanism for the increased renal decline in patients with hypomagnesemic T2D.-Kurstjens, S., Smeets, B., Overmars-Bos, C., Dijkman, H. B., den Braanker, D. J. W., de Bel, T., Bindels, R. J. M., Tack, C. J. J., Hoenderop, J. G. J., de Baaij, J. H. F. Renal phospholipidosis and impaired magnesium handling in high-fat-diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steef Kurstjens
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caro Overmars-Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry B Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J W den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Thomas de Bel
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fractionated whole body gamma irradiation modulates the hepatic response in type II diabetes of high fat diet model rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2273-2283. [PMID: 30747384 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HFD animals were exposed to a low rate of different fractionated whole body gamma irradiation doses (0.5, 1 and 2 Gy, three fractions per week for two consecutive months) and the expression of certain genes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in livers and brains of HFD Wistar rats was investigated. Additionally, levels of diabetes-related proteins encoded by the studied genes were analyzed. Results indicated that mRNA level of incretin glucagon like peptite-1 receptor (GLP-1R) was augmented in livers and brains exposed to 1 and 2 Gy doses. Moreover, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2/3) expressions in animals fed on HFD compared to those fed on normal chow diet were significantly increased at all applied doses. GLP-1R and UCP3 protein levels were up regulated in livers. Total protein content increased at 0.5 and 1 Gy gamma irradiation exposure and returned to its normal level at 2 Gy dose. Results could be an indicator of type 2 diabetes delayed development during irradiation exposure and support the importance of GLP-1R as a target gene in radiotherapy against T2DM and its chronic complications. A new hypothesis of brain-liver and intestine interface is speculated by which an increase in the hepatic GLP-1R is influenced by the effect of fractionated whole body gamma irradiation.
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Rampanelli E, Ochodnicky P, Vissers JP, Butter LM, Claessen N, Calcagni A, Kors L, Gethings LA, Bakker SJ, de Borst MH, Navis GJ, Liebisch G, Speijer D, van den Bergh Weerman MA, Jung B, Aten J, Steenbergen E, Schmitz G, Ballabio A, Florquin S, Aerts JM, Leemans JC. Excessive dietary lipid intake provokes an acquired form of lysosomal lipid storage disease in the kidney. J Pathol 2018; 246:470-484. [PMID: 30073645 DOI: 10.1002/path.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidaemia are features of the metabolic syndrome and risk factors for chronic kidney disease. The cellular mechanisms connecting metabolic syndrome with chronic kidney disease onset and progression remain largely unclear. We show that proximal tubular epithelium is a target site for lipid deposition upon overnutrition with a cholesterol-rich Western-type diet. Affected proximal tubule epithelial cells displayed giant vacuoles of lysosomal or autophagosomal origin, harbouring oxidised lipoproteins and concentric membrane layer structures (multilamellar bodies), reminiscent of lysosomal storage diseases. Additionally, lipidomic analysis revealed renal deposition of cholesterol and phospholipids, including lysosomal phospholipids. Proteomic profiles of renal multilamellar bodies were distinct from those of epidermis or lung multilamellar bodies and of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Tubular multilamellar bodies were observed in kidney biopsies of obese hypercholesterolaemic patients, and the concentration of the phospholipidosis marker di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate was doubled in urine from individuals with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The enrichment of proximal tubule epithelial cells with phospholipids and multilamellar bodies was accompanied by enhanced inflammation, fibrosis, tubular damage markers, and higher urinary electrolyte content. Concomitantly to the intralysosomal lipid storage, a renal transcriptional response was initiated to enhance lysosomal degradation and lipid synthesis. In cultured proximal tubule epithelial cells, inhibition of cholesterol efflux transport or oxysterol treatment induced effects very similar to the in vivo situation, such as multilamellar body and phospholipid amassing, and induction of damage, inflammatory, fibrotic, and lipogenic molecules. The onset of phospholipidosis in proximal tubule epithelial cells is a novel pathological trait in metabolic syndrome-related chronic kidney disease, and emphasises the importance of healthy lysosomes and nutrition for kidney well-being. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rampanelli
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ochodnicky
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Loes M Butter
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Calcagni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) & Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lotte Kors
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephan Jl Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dave Speijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bettina Jung
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Aten
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, RIMLS, RIHS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) & Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Mfg Aerts
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Pathology Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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73
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Kamiya A, Hara T, Tsuda M, Tsuru E, Kuroda Y, Ota U, Karashima T, Fukuhara H, Inoue K, Ishizuka M, Nakajima M, Tanaka T. 5-Aminolevulinic acid with ferrous iron improves early renal damage and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:59-65. [PMID: 30705513 PMCID: PMC6348406 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid, a natural amino acid, activates mitochondrial respiration and induces heme oxygenase-1 expression. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with age-related mitochondrial respiration defect, oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid with sodium ferrous citrate on early renal damage and hepatic steatosis. 7-Month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed with a standard diet or high fat diet for 9 weeks, which were orally administered 300 mg/kg 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with 47 mg/kg sodium ferrous citrate (5-aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate) or vehicle for the last 5 weeks. We observed that 5-aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate significantly decreased body weight, fat weight, hepatic lipid deposits and improved levels of blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, 5-aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate suppressed increased glomerular tuft area in high fat diet-fed mice, which was associated with increased heme oxygenase-1 protein expression. Our findings demonstrate additional evidence that 5-aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate could improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. 5-Aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate has potential application in obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated disease such as diabetic nephropathy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kamiya
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Emi Tsuru
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuroda
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Urara Ota
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizuka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Tohru Tanaka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
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74
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Takiyama Y, Sera T, Nakamura M, Ishizeki K, Saijo Y, Yanagimachi T, Maeda M, Bessho R, Takiyama T, Kitsunai H, Sakagami H, Fujishiro D, Fujita Y, Makino Y, Abiko A, Hoshino M, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Ota T, Haneda M. Impacts of Diabetes and an SGLT2 Inhibitor on the Glomerular Number and Volume in db/db Mice, as Estimated by Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT at SPring-8. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:329-346. [PMID: 30322799 PMCID: PMC6197731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent large-scale clinical studies demonstrate that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors protect the diabetic kidney. However, clinical and animal studies have not shown the changes of the total glomeruli in the whole kidney treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. METHODS We performed computed tomography (CT) imaging on mice using synchrotron radiation to investigate the impact of luseogliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on the number and volume of glomeruli in the whole kidney. FINDINGS We did not observe a significant difference in the total glomerular number (Nglom) among mice. Luseogliflozin redistributed the number of glomeruli in different regions, accompanied by the normalization of diabetes-augmented renal volume (Vkidney). Diabetic db/db mice had a larger glomerular volume in the mid-cortex than did control db/m mice, and luseogliflozin increased the glomerular volume in all renal cortical zones of the whole kidney in db/db mice. According to the multivariate regression analysis, hemoglobin A1c level was the most relevant determinant of Vkidney, not Nglom or mean glomerular volume (Vglom), indicating that hyperglycemia induced renal (tubular) hypertrophy, but not glomerular enlargement. Luseogliflozin increased hypoxia in the juxtamedullary region, sustained upregulated renal renin expression and plasma renin activity, and failed to decrease albuminuria by downregulating megalin in db/db mice. INTERPRETATION Based on our findings, SGLT2 inhibitors may alter glomerular distribution and size in addition to their glucose-lowering effects, presumably by affecting oxygen metabolism and humoral factors. FUND: Funding for this research was provided by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Japan Diabetes Foundation, and Asahikawa Medical University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kanaki Ishizeki
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Manami Maeda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Bessho
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Takao Takiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kitsunai
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakagami
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujishiro
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Makino
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Atsuko Abiko
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshino
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Japan
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
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75
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Li LC, Yang JL, Lee WC, Chen JB, Lee CT, Wang PW, Vaghese Z, Chen WY. Palmitate aggravates proteinuria-induced cell death and inflammation via CD36-inflammasome axis in the proximal tubular cells of obese mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1720-F1731. [PMID: 30230367 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00536.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and proteinuria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related nephropathy. CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is highly expressed in the renal proximal tubules and mediates FFA uptake. It is not clear whether FFA- and proteinuria-mediated CD36 activation coordinates NLRP3 inflammasomes to induce renal tubular injury and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the roles of CD36 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in FFA-induced renal injury in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice and palmitate-treated HK2 renal tubular cells were used as in vivo and in vitro models. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD36, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels increased progressively in the kidneys of HFD-fed mice. Sulfo- N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), a CD36 inhibitor, attenuated the HFD-induced upregulation of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 and suppressed the colocalization of NLRP3 and ASC in renal tubular cells. In vitro, SSO abolished the palmitate-induced activation of IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 in HK2 proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, treatment with SSO and the knockdown of caspase-1 expression by siRNA both inhibited palmitate-induced cell death and apoptosis in HK2 cells. Collectively, palmitate causes renal tubular inflammation, cell death, and apoptosis via the CD36/NLRP3/caspase-1 axis, which may explain, at least in part, the mechanism underlying FFA-related renal tubular injury. The blockade of CD36-induced cellular processes is therefore a promising strategy for treating obesity-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Zac Vaghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London , United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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76
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Changes of renal sinus fat and renal parenchymal fat during an 18-month randomized weight loss trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1145-1153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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77
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Trasino SE, Tang XH, Shevchuk MM, Choi ME, Gudas LJ. Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy Using a Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 Agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:82-94. [PMID: 30054312 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and its derivatives, known as retinoids, play critical roles in renal development through retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2). Disruptions in VA signaling pathways are associated with the onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Despite the known role of RARβ2 in renal development, the effects of selective agonists for RARβ2 in a high-fat diet (HFD) model of DN are unknown. Here we examined whether AC261066 (AC261), a highly selective agonist for RARβ2, exhibited therapeutic effects in a HFD model of DN in C57BL/6 mice. Twelve weeks of AC261 administration to HFD-fed mice was well tolerated with no observable side effects. Compared with HFD-fed mice, HFD + AC261-treated mice had improved glycemic control and reductions in proteinuria and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Several cellular hallmarks of DN were mitigated in HFD + AC261-treated mice, including reductions in tubule lipid droplets, podocyte (POD) effacement, endothelial cell collapse, mesangial expansion, and glomerular basement membrane thickening. Mesangial and tubule interstitial expression of the myofibroblast markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type IV collagen (Col-IV) was lower in HFD + AC261-treated mice compared with HFD alone. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that, compared with HFD-fed mice, HFD + AC261-treated mice showed preservation of POD foot process and slit-diaphragm morphology, an increase in the levels of slit-diagram protein podocin, and the transcription factor Wilms tumor-suppressor gene 1 in PODs. Given the need for novel DN therapies, our results warrant further studies of the therapeutic properties of AC261 in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Trasino
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.E.T., X.-H.T., L.J.G.) and Pathology (M.M.S.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.E.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, School of Urban Public Health, Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York (S.E.T.), and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center (M.E.C.), New York, New York
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.E.T., X.-H.T., L.J.G.) and Pathology (M.M.S.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.E.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, School of Urban Public Health, Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York (S.E.T.), and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center (M.E.C.), New York, New York
| | - Maria M Shevchuk
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.E.T., X.-H.T., L.J.G.) and Pathology (M.M.S.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.E.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, School of Urban Public Health, Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York (S.E.T.), and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center (M.E.C.), New York, New York
| | - Mary E Choi
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.E.T., X.-H.T., L.J.G.) and Pathology (M.M.S.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.E.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, School of Urban Public Health, Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York (S.E.T.), and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center (M.E.C.), New York, New York
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.E.T., X.-H.T., L.J.G.) and Pathology (M.M.S.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.E.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, School of Urban Public Health, Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York (S.E.T.), and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center (M.E.C.), New York, New York
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78
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Kataoka S, Norikura T, Sato S. Maternal green tea polyphenol intake during lactation attenuates kidney injury in high-fat-diet-fed male offspring programmed by maternal protein restriction in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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79
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Uil M, Scantlebery AML, Butter LM, Larsen PWB, de Boer OJ, Leemans JC, Florquin S, Roelofs JJTH. Combining streptozotocin and unilateral nephrectomy is an effective method for inducing experimental diabetic nephropathy in the 'resistant' C57Bl/6J mouse strain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5542. [PMID: 29615804 PMCID: PMC5882654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Animal models are essential tools for designing new strategies to prevent DN. C57Bl/6 (B6) mice are widely used for transgenic mouse models, but are relatively resistant to DN. This study aims to identify the most effective method to induce DN in a type 1 (T1D) and a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model in B6 mice. For T1D-induced DN, mice were fed a control diet, and randomised to streptozotocin (STZ) alone, STZ+unilateral nephrectomy (UNx), or vehicle/sham. For T2D-induced DN, mice were fed a western (high fat) diet, and randomised to either STZ alone, STZ+UNx, UNx alone, or vehicle/sham. Mice subjected to a control diet with STZ +UNx developed albuminuria, glomerular lesions, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and tubular injury. Mice on control diet and STZ developed only mild renal lesions. Furthermore, kidneys from mice on a western diet were hardly affected by diabetes, UNx or the combination. We conclude that STZ combined with UNx is the most effective model to induce T1D-induced DN in B6 mice. In our hands, combining western diet and STZ treatment with or without UNx did not result in a T2D-induced DN model in B6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Uil
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique M L Scantlebery
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M Butter
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per W B Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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80
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Tam J, Hinden L, Drori A, Udi S, Azar S, Baraghithy S. The therapeutic potential of targeting the peripheral endocannabinoid/CB 1 receptor system. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 49:23-29. [PMID: 29336868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are internal lipid mediators recognized by the cannabinoid-1 and -2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R, respectively), which also mediate the different physiological effects of marijuana. The endocannabinoid system, consisting of eCBs, their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, is present in a vast number of peripheral organs. In this review we describe the role of the eCB/CB1R system in modulating the metabolism in several peripheral organs. We assess how eCBs, via activating the CB1R, contribute to obesity and regulate food intake. In addition, we describe their roles in modulating liver and kidney functions, as well as bone remodeling and mass. Special importance is given to emphasizing the efficacy of the recently developed peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists, which were pre-clinically tested in the management of energy homeostasis, and in ameliorating both obesity- and diabetes-induced metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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81
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Mima A, Yasuzawa T, King GL, Ueshima S. Obesity-associated glomerular inflammation increases albuminuria without renal histological changes. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:664-670. [PMID: 29632818 PMCID: PMC5881532 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the precise mechanism involved is unclear. This study characterizes the effect of obesity-induced glomerular inflammation, oxidative stress, and albuminuria in obese rats. Glomerular samples were collected from fatty (ZF) and lean (ZL) Zucker rats. After 2 months of feeding, body weight and albuminuria were significantly increased in ZF rats when compared to ZL rats. Expression of the inflammatory markers TNF-α and CCR2 was significantly increased in the glomeruli of ZF rats. However, expression of IL-6 mRNA was not increased. Analysis of renal pathology showed no glomerular expansion. As inflammatory and oxidative stress markers are associated with NF-κB, we evaluated whether NF-κB activation was increased in the glomeruli of mice on a high-fat diet. Immunohistochemistry showed increased NF-κB activation in the glomeruli when transgenic mice overexpressing an NF-κB-dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein were fed with a high-fat diet. These results suggest that obesity of only 2 months duration can cause albuminuria, due to increased inflammation or oxidative stress, but may not be long enough to develop renal pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mima
- Department of Nephrology Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan
| | - Toshinori Yasuzawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Kindai University Nara Japan
| | - George L King
- Research Division Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Shigeru Ueshima
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Kindai University Nara Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agriculture Kindai University Nara Japan.,Antiaging Center Kindai University Osaka Japan
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82
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Chueakula N, Jaikumkao K, Arjinajarn P, Pongchaidecha A, Chatsudthipong V, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Diacerein alleviates kidney injury through attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in obese insulin-resistant rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:146-155. [PMID: 29195834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A link between inflammation with obesity and metabolic syndrome has been found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diacerein is an anthraquinone used to treat osteoarthritis that exerts anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the synthesis and activity of proinflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of diacerein on renal function and renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) function in obese insulin-resistant condition. Obese insulin-resistant rats were induced by feeding a high-fat diet in male Wistar rats for 16 weeks. Diacerein or metformin (positive control) (30mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 4 weeks after insulin resistance had been confirmed. Obese insulin-resistant rats showed an impaired renal function as indicated by the increased serum creatinine and microalbuminuria along with the decreased renal Oat3 function and expression. Importantly, diacerein treatment not only improved insulin resistance but also restored renal function. The decreased renal malondialdehyde level, expressions of PKCα, angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R), Nrf2, and HO-1, and increased expression of SOD2 were observed in diacerein treatment group, indicating the attenuation of renal oxidative stress condition. Moreover, renal inflammation and renal damage were also alleviated in diacerein-treated rats. Our results demonstrated for the first time that diacerein was effective to improve renal function and renal Oat3 function in obese insulin-resistance condition mediated by suppressing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory agents can be used therapeutically to improve metabolic disorder and prevent organ dysfunctions in pre-diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttawud Chueakula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phatchawan Arjinajarn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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83
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Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Poitz DM, Langbein H, Strasser RH, Henle T, Ravens U, Morawietz H. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 promotes endothelial dysfunction in LDL receptor knockout background. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018; 30:294-302. [PMID: 29096854 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major receptor for oxidized LDL in endothelial cells. LOX-1 is highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. The impact of LOX-1 on development of endothelial dysfunction in large vessels in absence or presence of atherosclerosis-prone conditions has not been studied to date. METHODS Mice with endothelial cell-specific LOX-1 overexpression (bLOX-1tg) were analyzed. Wild-type (WT) mice served as controls. In addition, bLOX-1tg mice were crossed with LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice. All mice were fed a western-type diet (WD) or control diet (CD) for 20 weeks. Afterwards, endothelial function was analyzed ex vivo in thoracic aortas using a Mulvany myograph. RESULTS WD induced hypertriglyceridemia (bLOX-1tg: 1.6-fold; WT: 1.4-fold) and hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.0001) in bLOX-1tg and WT mice without HDL-elevation in bLOX-1tg mice. Gonadal fat pad weight was 1.7 and 1.2-fold increased on CD and WD in bLOX-1tg mice compared to WT. LOX-1 overexpression impaired endothelial function by 15-16% (P < 0.05) on CD and WD. Crossing bLOX-1tg mice into Ldlr-/- background strongly elevated total (∼6-fold) and LDL-cholesterol (∼9-fold) compared to WT and bLOX-1tg mice on WD. Endothelial function in response to WD was impaired in bLOX-1tg/Ldlr-/- mice (Effmax: 56.7 ± 23.0%) compared to WT (Effmax: 88.2 ± 15.8%, P < 0.001), bLOX-1tg (Effmax: 76.7 ± 12.9%, P < 0.05) and Ldlr-/- mice (Effmax: 70.1 ± 13.1%, P < 0.05). No differences between WT, bLOX-1tg and Ldlr-/- mice were detectable when comparing all genotypes. CONCLUSION Endothelial LOX-1 overexpression in an atherosclerosis-prone background impairs endothelial function, proving its importance in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Langbein
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruth H Strasser
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg Bad Krozingen, Freiburg I. Br., Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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84
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Han E, Shin E, Kim G, Lee JY, Lee YH, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS. Combining SGLT2 Inhibition With a Thiazolidinedione Additively Attenuate the Very Early Phase of Diabetic Nephropathy Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:412. [PMID: 30072956 PMCID: PMC6060671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition by dapagliflozin and thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone have glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects, the therapeutic efficacy of their combination on diabetic nephropathy has not been investigated. 9-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups and administrated with (1) vehicle, (2) dapagliflozin, (3) pioglitazone, or (4) dapagliflozin and pioglitazone combination. Human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were treated with glucose or palmitate acid in the presence of medium, dapagliflozin, pioglitazone, or both. Glomerular tuft area and mesangial expansion of the kidney more reduced in the combination group compared to control and single therapy groups. Podocyte foot process width and glomerular basement membrane thickness decreased regardless of treatment, while the combination group showed the slowest renal hypertrophy progression (P < 0.05). The combination treatment decreased MCP-1, type I and IV collagen expression in the renal cortex. Only the combination treatment decreased the expression of angiotensinogen, IL-6, and TGF-β while it enhanced HK-2 cell survival (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, dapagliflozin and pioglitazone preserved renal function, and combination therapy showed the greatest benefit. These findings suggest that the combination therapy of dapagliflozin with pioglitazone is more effective than the single therapy for preventing the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugene Shin
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-ho Lee
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bong-Soo Cha
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85
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Martin B, Caron N, Jadot I, Colombaro V, Federici G, Depommier C, Declèves AÉ. Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition on kidney function and structure in high-fat diet-induced kidney disease. Exp Physiol 2017; 103:125-140. [PMID: 28944982 DOI: 10.1113/ep086594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The metabolic pathways regulating the effects of obesity on the kidney remain unknown. We sought to determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in the underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced kidney disease using a specific iNOS inhibitor, N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL). What is the main finding and its importance? We did not demonstrate an upregulation of iNOS renal expression after high caloric intake, suggesting that iNOS might not be a crucial player in the development of obesity-induced kidney disease. Although L-NIL treatment clearly ameliorated systemic metabolic parameters, the effect on loss of renal function, impairment of tubular integrity, oxidative stress and inflammation appeared to be more moderate. Central obesity is related to caloric excess, promoting deleterious cellular responses in targeted organs. Nitric oxide (NO) has been determined as a key player in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the implication of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the development of obesity-induced kidney disease. C57Bl/6 male mice were randomized to a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL), a specific iNOS inhibitor, for 16 weeks. Mice fed an HFD exhibited a significant increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, triglyceride and insulin. Inhibition of iNOS prevented these changes in mice fed an HFD. Interestingly, the significant increase in albuminuria and mesangial matrix expansion were not ameliorated with L-NIL, whereas a significant decrease in proteinuria, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase excretion and renal triglyceride content were found, suggesting that iNOS inhibition is more suitable for tubular function than glomerular function. The urinary concentration of hydrogen peroxide, a stable product of reactive oxygen species production, that was found to be increased in mice fed an HFD, was significantly reduced with L-NIL. Finally, despite a moderate effect of L-NIL on inflammatory processes in the kidney, we demonstrated a positive impact of this treatment on adipocyte hypertrophy and on adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that inhibition of iNOS leads to a moderate beneficial effect on kidney function in mice fed an HFD. Further studies are needed for better understanding of the role of iNOS in obesity-induced kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Martin
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Inès Jadot
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Colombaro
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Federici
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara Depommier
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
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86
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Halperin Kuhns VL, Pluznick JL. Novel differences in renal gene expression in a diet-induced obesity model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F517-F530. [PMID: 29141937 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00345.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. To better understand disease development, we sought to identify novel genes differentially expressed early in disease progression. We first confirmed that mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit early signs of renal injury including hyperfiltration. We then performed RNA-Seq using renal cortex RNA from C57BL6/J male mice fed either HF or control (Ctrl) diet. We identified 1,134 genes differentially expressed in the cortex on HF vs. Ctrl, of which 31 genes were selected for follow-up analysis. This included the 9 most upregulated, the 11 most downregulated, and 11 genes of interest (primarily sensory receptors and G proteins). Quantitative (q)RT-PCR for these 31 genes was performed on additional male renal cortex and medulla samples, and 11 genes (including all 9 upregulated genes) were selected for further study based on qRT-PCR. We then examined expression of these 11 genes in Ctrl and HF male heart and liver samples, which demonstrated that these changes are relatively specific to the renal cortex. These 11 genes were also examined in female renal cortex, where we found that the expression changes seen in males on a HF diet are not replicated in females, even when the females are started on the diet sooner to match weight gain of the males. In sum, these data demonstrate that in a HF-diet model of early disease, novel transcriptional changes occur that are both sex specific and specific to the renal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Mount
- Department of Nephrology and .,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.,Institute of Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luis A Juncos
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Nephrology and.,Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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88
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Mahadeva Rao US, Shanmuga Sundaram C. Antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant and renal protective effects of Mengkudu (Rubiaceae) fruit in nephropathy-induced albino rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017:10.1007/s11655-017-2785-1. [PMID: 28914438 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the modulatory impact of alcoholic extract of fruit of Mengkudu (AEFM, Morinda citrifolia L., Rubiaceae) on renal oxido-lipidemic stress in hypercholesterolemic albino rats. METHODS Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group: group I as control, group II fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 45 days (4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid), Group III rats fed with HCD for 45 days + AEFM (300 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for last 30 days and group IV normal rats fed AEFM alone. The blood was collected using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant for various biochemical analysis, and excision of kidney was done for histological analysis. RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipids (PLs), renal functional parameters and lipid peroxidation products were markedly mitigated in AEFM treated hypercholesterolemic rats (group III) compared to group I (P<0.01). Activities of both enzymic and non-enzymic free radical scavenging factors were significantly increased in group III compared to group I (P<0.01). In group III the mRNA levels of interstitial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were obviously up-regulated (P<0.01) and down-regulated in (P<0.05) compared with group I. Histomorphological observations also exhibited similar as in group III AEFM commendably protects the renal tissues compared with group I (P<0.01). CONCLUSION AEFM can act as nephroprotective agent by attenuating the renal oxidative stress, lipid levels as well as regulating NOS level and by this means protects the kidney in hypercholesterolemic induced nephropathy experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Mahadeva Rao
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, 20400, Malaysia.
| | - C Shanmuga Sundaram
- Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of arts and Science, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, India
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89
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Bin Feng, Meng R, Bin Huang, Bi Y, Shen S, Zhu D. Silymarin protects against renal injury through normalization of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in high fat-fed mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28625483 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases and the conventional treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors is not enough to prevent renal injury and prolong the progression of disease. Recently, silymarin has shown protective effects on renal tissue injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential capacity of silymarin to prevent renal injury during obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD) in mice. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice received HFD (60% of total calories) for 12 weeks, randomized and treated orally with vehicle saline or silymarin (30mg/kg body weight/d) for 4 weeks. In vitro, human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were exposed to 300μM palmitic acid (PA) for 36h followed by silymarin administration at different concentrations. The administration of silymarin significantly ameliorated HFD induced glucose metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and pathological alterations in the kidney. Silymarin significantly mitigated renal lipid accumulation, fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in HFD mice and PA treated HK2 cells. Furthermore, silymarin partly restored mitochondrial membrane potential of HK2 cells after PA exposure. In conclusion, silymarin can improve oxidative stress and preserve mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney, potentially via preventing accumulation of renal lipids and fatty acid β-oxidation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Palmitic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diet therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Silymarin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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90
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Udi S, Hinden L, Earley B, Drori A, Reuveni N, Hadar R, Cinar R, Nemirovski A, Tam J. Proximal Tubular Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Regulates Obesity-Induced CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3518-3532. [PMID: 28860163 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related structural and functional changes in the kidney develop early in the course of obesity and occur independently of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Activating the renal cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) induces nephropathy, whereas CB1R blockade improves kidney function. Whether these effects are mediated via a specific cell type within the kidney remains unknown. Here, we show that specific deletion of CB1R in the renal proximal tubule cells did not protect the mice from obesity, but markedly attenuated the obesity-induced lipid accumulation in the kidney and renal dysfunction, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. These effects associated with increased activation of liver kinase B1 and the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase, as well as enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. Collectively, these findings indicate that renal proximal tubule cell CB1R contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced renal lipotoxicity and nephropathy by regulating the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brian Earley
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Reuveni
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
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91
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Nguyen LT, Chen H, Pollock C, Saad S. SIRT1 reduction is associated with sex-specific dysregulation of renal lipid metabolism and stress responses in offspring by maternal high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8982. [PMID: 28827681 PMCID: PMC5567163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of maternal obesity have been associated with kidney damage and dysfunction in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, female rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks prior to mating, throughout gestation and lactation; both male and female offspring were examined at weaning. Our results demonstrate that renal lipid deposition was increased in male offspring only, which is associated with reduced protein expression of Sirtuin (SIRT) 1, an essential regulator of lipid metabolism and stress response. Other components in its signalling network including phosphorylated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPKα), Forkhead box FOXO3a and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were also downregulated. By contrast, in female offspring, renal fat/lipid distribution was unchanged in coupling with normal SIRT1 regulation. Specific autophagy and antioxidant markers were suppressed in both sexes. On the other hand, fibronectin and Collagen type IV protein expression was significantly higher in the offspring born HFD-fed dams, particularly in the males. Collectively, these findings suggest that maternal HFD consumption can induce sex-specific changes in offspring kidney lipid metabolism and stress responses at early ages, which may underpin the risk of kidney diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long The Nguyen
- Renal medicine, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal medicine, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal medicine, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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92
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Abdulla MH, Johns EJ. The innervation of the kidney in renal injury and inflammation: a cause and consequence of deranged cardiovascular control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:404-416. [PMID: 28181735 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive investigations have revealed that renal sympathetic nerves regulate renin secretion, tubular fluid reabsorption and renal haemodynamics which can impact on cardiovascular homoeostasis normally and in pathophysiological states. The significance of the renal afferent innervation and its role in determining the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is uncertain. The transduction pathways at the renal afferent nerves have been shown to require pro-inflammatory mediators and TRPV1 channels. Reno-renal reflexes have been described, both inhibitory and excitatory, demonstrating that a neural link exists between kidneys and may determine the distribution of excretory and haemodynamic function between the two kidneys. The impact of renal afferent nerve activity on basal and reflex regulation of global sympathetic drive remains opaque. There is clinical and experimental evidence that in states of chronic kidney disease and renal injury, there is infiltration of T-helper cells with a sympatho-excitation and blunting of the high- and low-pressure baroreceptor reflexes regulating renal sympathetic nerve activity. The baroreceptor deficits are renal nerve-dependent as the dysregulation can be relieved by renal denervation. There is also experimental evidence that in obese states, there is a sympatho-excitation and disrupted baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity which is mediated by the renal innervation. This body of information provides an important basis for directing greater attention to the role of renal injury/inflammation causing an inappropriate activation of the renal afferent nerves as an important initiator of aberrant autonomic cardiovascular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Abdulla
- Department of Physiology; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - E. J. Johns
- Department of Physiology; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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93
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Molecular Mechanisms of Sodium-Sensitive Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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94
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Yang P, Xiao Y, Luo X, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu T, Wei L, Chen Y. Inflammatory stress promotes the development of obesity-related chronic kidney disease via CD36 in mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1417-1427. [PMID: 28536108 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat located in the kidney has emerged as a novel cause of obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory stress promotes ectopic lipid deposition in the kidney and causes renal injury in obese mice and whether the pathological process is mediated by the fatty acid translocase, CD36. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding alone resulted in obesity, hyperlipidemia, and slight renal lipid accumulation in mice, which nevertheless had normal kidney function. HFD-fed mice with chronic inflammation had severe renal steatosis and obvious glomerular and tubular damage, which was accompanied by increased CD36 expression. Interestingly, CD36 deficiency in HFD-fed mice eliminated renal lipid accumulation and pathological changes induced by chronic inflammation. In both human mesangial cells (HMCs) and human kidney 2 (HK2) cells, inflammatory stress increased the efficiency of CD36 protein incorporation into membrane lipid rafts, promoting FFA uptake and intracellular lipid accumulation. Silencing of CD36 in vitro markedly attenuated FFA uptake, lipid accumulation, and cellular stress induced by inflammatory stress. We conclude that inflammatory stress aggravates renal injury by activation of the CD36 pathway, suggesting that this mechanism may operate in obese individuals with chronic inflammation, making them prone to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yayun Xiao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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95
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Tam J. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney diseases. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:267-76. [PMID: 26280171 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors that also mediate the effects of marijuana. The eCB system is comprised of eCBs, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, their cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. It is present in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs including the kidney. The current review focuses on the role of the eCB system in normal kidney function and various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that directly contributes to the development of renal pathologies. Normally, activation of the CB1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. These effects can be chronically ameliorated by CB1 receptor blockers. In contrast, activation of the renal CB2 receptors reduces the deleterious effects of these chronic diseases. Because the therapeutic potential of globally acting CB1 receptor antagonists in these conditions is limited due to their neuropsychiatric adverse effects, the recent development of peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonists may represent a novel pharmacological approach in treating renal diseases.
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96
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Ribeiro RS, Passos CS, Novaes AS, Maquigussa E, Glória MA, Visoná I, Ykuta O, Oyama LM, Boim MA. Precocious obesity predisposes the development of more severe cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in young adult mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174721. [PMID: 28358868 PMCID: PMC5373612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its consequences can damage the kidney over time. However, less is known about the impact of developing overweight/obesity during childhood on the kidney in adulthood and the renal impact of a superimposed acute kidney injury (AKI). This study evaluated the effect of obesity induced by a high-fat diet initiated soon after weaning on the adult life of mice and their response to superimposed nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin. C57BL/6 post-weaning mice (3 weeks old) were divided into a control group (CT, n = 12) and a high-fat diet group (HF, n = 12). After 9 weeks, animals were further divided into the following groups: CT, CT treated with a single dose of cisplatin (CTCis, 20 mg/kg, i.p.), HF and HF treated with cisplatin (HFCis). The HF group exhibited higher body weight gain compatible with a moderate obesity. Obese mice presented increased visceral adiposity, hyperkalemia, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration and proteinuria, without any significant changes in blood pressure and glycemia. AKI induced by cisplatin was exacerbated in obese animals with a 92% reduction in the GFR versus a 31% decrease in the CTCis group; this sharp decline resulted in severely elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Acute tubular necrosis induced by cisplatin was worsened in obese mice. The HFCis group exhibited robust systemic and intrarenal inflammation that was significantly higher than that in the CTCis group; the HFCis group also showed a higher degree of renal oxidative stress. In conclusion, the moderate degree of obesity induced shortly after weaning resulted in mild early renal alterations, however, obese young animals were prone to develop a much more severe AKI induced by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemara S. Ribeiro
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clevia S. Passos
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio S. Novaes
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Glória
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iria Visoná
- Pathology Department–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olinda Ykuta
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila M. Oyama
- Nutrition Physiology–Department of Physiology—Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A. Boim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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97
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Gelen V, Şengül E, Gedikli S, Gür C, Özkanlar S. Therapeutic effect of quercetin on renal function and tissue damage in the obesity induced rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:524-528. [PMID: 28254664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Gelen
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Emin Şengül
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seçkin Özkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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98
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Zhang N, Li Z, Xu K, Wang Y, Wang Z. Resveratrol Protects against High-Fat Diet Induced Renal Pathological Damage and Cell Senescence by Activating SIRT1. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1448-54. [PMID: 27582325 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related renal diseases have been a worldwide issue. Effective strategy that prevents high fat-diet induced renal damage is of great significance. Resveratrol, a natural plant polyphenol, is famous for its antioxidant activity, cardioprotective effects and anticancer properties. However whether resveratrol can play a role in the treatment of renal diseases is unknown. In this study, we added resveratrol in normal glucose or high glucose medium and provide evidences that resveratrol protects against high-glucose triggered oxidative stress and cell senescence. Moreover, mice were fed with standard diet, standard diet plus resveratrol, high-fat diet or high-fat diet plus resveratrol for 3 months, and results show that resveratrol treatment prevents high-fat diet induced renal pathological damage by activating SIRT1, a key member in the mammalian sirtuin family that response to calorie restriction life-extension method. This research confirms the potential role of resveratrol in the treatment of renal diseases and may provide an effective and convenient method to mimic the beneficial effects of calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University
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99
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100
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Park JH, Choi BH, Ku SK, Kim DH, Jung KA, Oh E, Kwak MK. Amelioration of high fat diet-induced nephropathy by cilostazol and rosuvastatin. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:391-402. [PMID: 28084586 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple comorbidities of metabolic disorders are associated with facilitated chronic kidney disease progression. Anti-platelet cilostazol is used for the treatment of peripheral artery disease. In this study, we investigated the potential beneficial effects of cilostazol and rosuvastatin on metabolic disorder-induced renal dysfunctions. C57BL/6 mice that received high fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) developed albuminuria and had increased urinary cystatin C excretion, and cilostazol treatment (13 weeks) improved these markers. Histopathological changes, including glomerular mesangial expansion, tubular vacuolization, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation were ameliorated by cilostazol treatment. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis that was indicated by the increases in collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 subsided by cilostazol. Renoprotective effects were also observed in rosuvastatin-treated mice, and combinatorial treatment with cilostazol and rosuvastatin demonstrated enhanced ameliorative effects in histopathological evaluations. Notably, repressed renal heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) level in HFD/STZ mice was restored in cilostazol group. Further, we demonstrated that cilostazol enhanced Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling in cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Collectively, these results suggest the potential advantageous use of cilostazol as an adjunctive therapy with statins for the amelioration of metabolic disorder-associated renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Hannydae-ro 1, Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ah Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Euichaul Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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