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Sgrò P, Ceci R, Lista M, Patrizio F, Sabatini S, Felici F, Sacchetti M, Bazzucchi I, Duranti G, Di Luigi L. Quercetin Modulates IGF-I and IGF-II Levels After Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle-Damage: A Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745959. [PMID: 34803913 PMCID: PMC8595302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged or unaccustomed eccentric exercise may cause muscle damage and depending from its extent, this event negatively affects physical performance. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate, in humans, the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on circulating levels of the anabolic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-II), produced during the recovery period after an eccentric-induced muscle damage (EIMD). METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover study has been performed; twelve young men ingested quercetin (1 g/day) or placebo for 14 days and then underwent an eccentric-induced muscle damaging protocol. Blood samples were collected, and cell damage markers [creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin (Mb)], the inflammatory responsive interleukin 6 (IL-6), IGF-I and IGF-II levels were evaluated before the exercise and at different recovery times from 24 hours to 7 days after EIMD. RESULTS We found that, in placebo treatment the increase in IGF-I (72 h) preceded IGF-II increase (7 d). After Q supplementation there was a more marked increase in IGF-I levels and notably, the IGF-II peak was found earlier, compared to placebo, at the same time of IGF-I (72 h). Quercetin significantly reduced plasma markers of cell damage [CK (p<0.005), LDH (p<0.001) and Mb (p<0.05)] and the interleukin 6 level [IL-6 (p<0.05)] during recovery period following EIMD compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our data are encouraging about the use of quercetin as dietary supplementation strategy to adopt in order to mitigate and promote a faster recovery after eccentric exercise as suggested by the increase in plasma levels of the anabolic factors IGF-I and IGF-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Sgrò, ; Guglielmo Duranti,
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lista
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Patrizio
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Felici
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Sgrò, ; Guglielmo Duranti,
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
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Zarco EPT, Aquino M, Petrizzo J, Wygand J, McGorry A. Perceived Benefits of a Guided Exercise Program Among Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211060147. [PMID: 35071693 PMCID: PMC8766912 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211060147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Aquino
- Health and Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - John Petrizzo
- Health and Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - John Wygand
- Health and Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Amy McGorry
- Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
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Abián P, Martínez F, Jiménez F, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squat Exercise on the Morphological and Structural Properties of the Vastus Lateralis and Patellar Tendon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249410. [PMID: 33333987 PMCID: PMC7765369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to examine the effect of 6-week eccentric single-leg decline squat (SLDSe) training with two technical execution times (3 s or 6 s) on changes related to the structural properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon (PT). Thirty-six physical active volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, n = 13, age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years, no intervention program), experimental group 1 (EG1, n = 11, age = 21.6 ± 2.5 years, execution time = 6 s) and experimental group 2 (EG2, n = 12, 21.1 ± 1.2 years, execution time = 3 s). Participants completed a 6-week SLDSe training program (80% of 1-RM) three days a week. The structural characteristics of the VL and the PT were measured with ultrasonography before and after 6-week SLDSe training and after 6 weeks of de-training. Our results indicate that EG1 increased ≈21.8% the thickness of the PT and EG2 increased ≈15.7% the thickness of the VL after the 6-week intervention program. EG1 and EG2 showed greater values (p < 0.05) of lean mass and lower values (p < 0.05) of fat percentage on the thigh after the intervention program. In conclusion, the SLDSe training carried out with the execution time of 6 s had greater effects on the structural and elastic properties of the PT, and the exercise with the execution time of 3 s caused greater structural adaptations in the VL musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.M.); (F.J.)
| | - Fernando Jiménez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.M.); (F.J.)
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.M.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925268800 (ext. 5522)
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Hill MW, Hosseini EA, McLellan A, Price MJ, Lord SR, Kay AD. Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People. Front Physiol 2020; 11:544559. [PMID: 33192547 PMCID: PMC7609421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.544559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient symptoms of muscle damage emanating from unaccustomed eccentric exercise can adversely affect muscle function and potentially increase the risk of falling for several days. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the shorter- and longer-lasting temporal characteristics of muscle fatigue and damage induced by level (i.e., concentrically biased contractions) or downhill (i.e., eccentrically biased contractions) walking on postural, physical, and muscular functions in older people. Nineteen participants were matched in pairs for sex, age and self-selected walking speed and allocated to a level (n = 10, age = 72.3 ± 2.9 years) or downhill (n = 9, age = 72.1 ± 2.2 years) walking group. Postural sway, muscle torque and power, physical function (5× and 60 s sit-to-stand; STS), and mobility (Timed-Up-and-Go; TUG) were evaluated at baseline (pre-exercise), 1 min, 15 min, 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after 30 min of level (0% gradient) or downhill (−10% gradient) walking on a treadmill. Following downhill walking, postural sway (+66 to 256%), TUG (+29%), 60 s STS (+29%), five times STS (−25%) and concentric power (−33%) did not change at 1–30 min post exercise, but were significantly different (p < 0.05) at 24 and48 h post-exercise when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Muscle torque decreased immediately after downhill walking and remained impaired at 48 h post-exercise (−27 to −38%). Immediately following level walking there was an increase in postural sway (+52 to +98%), slower TUG performance (+29%), fewer STS cycles in 60 s (−23%), slower time to reach five STS cycles (+20%) and impaired muscle torque (−23%) and power (−19%) which returned to baseline 30-min after exercise cessation (p > 0.05). These findings have established for the first time distinct impairment profiles between concentric and eccentric exercise. Muscle damage emanating from eccentrically biased exercise can lead to muscle weakness, postural instability and impaired physical function persisting for several days, possibly endangering older adult’s safety during activities of daily living by increasing the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew William Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Edyah-Ariella Hosseini
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie McLellan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael James Price
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Ronald Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony David Kay
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Barreto RV, de Lima LCR, Denadai BS. Moving forward with backward pedaling: a review on eccentric cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:381-407. [PMID: 33180156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a profound gap in the understanding of the eccentric cycling intensity continuum, which prevents accurate exercise prescription based on desired physiological responses. This may underestimate the applicability of eccentric cycling for different training purposes. Thus, we aimed to summarize recent research findings and screen for possible new approaches in the prescription and investigation of eccentric cycling. METHOD A search for the most relevant and state-of-the-art literature on eccentric cycling was conducted on the PubMed database. Literature from reference lists was also included when relevant. RESULTS Transversal studies present comparisons between physiological responses to eccentric and concentric cycling, performed at the same absolute power output or metabolic load. Longitudinal studies evaluate responses to eccentric cycling training by comparing them with concentric cycling and resistance training outcomes. Only one study investigated maximal eccentric cycling capacity and there are no investigations on physiological thresholds and/or exercise intensity domains during eccentric cycling. No study investigated different protocols of eccentric cycling training and the chronic effects of different load configurations. CONCLUSION Describing physiological responses to eccentric cycling based on its maximal exercise capacity may be a better way to understand it. The available evidence indicates that clinical populations may benefit from improvements in aerobic power/capacity, exercise tolerance, strength and muscle mass, while healthy and trained individuals may require different eccentric cycling training approaches to benefit from similar improvements. There is limited evidence regarding the mechanisms of acute physiological and chronic adaptive responses to eccentric cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vieira Barreto
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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57
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Ehiogu UD, Stephens G, Jones G, Schöffl V. Acute Hamstring Muscle Tears in Climbers-Current Rehabilitation Concepts. Wilderness Environ Med 2020; 31:441-453. [PMID: 33189522 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute hamstring injuries are often caused by the heel hook technique. This technique is unique to climbing and causes injury to muscular and inert tissues of the posterior thigh. The heel hook is used by climbers during strenuous ascent on overhanging walls and when crossing difficult terrain. The technique reduces the amount of upper body strength required during strenuous climbing because the climber's center of mass is retained within the base of support. The heel hook is stressful collectively for the hamstring muscle group and musculotendinous junction. Depending on injury severity, both conservative and surgical methods exist for the management of hamstring injuries. Contemporary approaches to rehabilitation primarily advocate the use of eccentric muscle strengthening strategies because of high rates of elongation stress associated with sprinting and team sports. However, there is reason to doubt whether this alone is sufficient to rehabilitate the climbing athlete in light of the high degree of concentric muscle strength required in the heel hook maneuver. This review examines the contemporary rehabilitation and strength and conditioning literature in relation to the management of acute hamstring musculotendinous injuries for the climbing athlete. The review provides a comprehensive approach for the rehabilitation and athletic preparation of the climbing athlete from the initial injury to full return to sports participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzo Dimma Ehiogu
- Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Research and Training Department, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Stephens
- Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Research and Training Department, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Schöffl
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Germany; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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58
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Lee M, Goral K, Flis D, Skrobot W, Cieminski K, Olek R, Akimoto T, Ziolkowski W. Changes in Urinary Titin Fragment in Response to Different Types of Dynamic Eccentric Exercises. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:432-440. [PMID: 33124011 DOI: 10.1055/a-1273-8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The urinary level of the titin fragment has been considered a non-invasive and sensitive biomarker for muscle damage in clinical cases. However, there is little evidence regarding changes in the urinary titin fragment in response to exercise-induced muscle damage. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the urinary titin fragment reflects the magnitude of muscle damage induced by two lower-limb eccentric exercises. In this study, healthy young male subjects performed drop jump (n=9) and eccentric ergometer exercise (n=9). Blood and urine samples were collected at various time points before and after the exercises. Although perceived muscle soreness assessed by sit-to-stand tasks was increased at 24 h and 48 h after both drop jump and the eccentric ergometer exercise groups, the pressure pain threshold was not changed. Changes of the urinary titin fragment, plasma myomesin 3 fragments, creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) after the eccentric exercises were increased but not statistically significant. Meanwhile, we found that the changes in the urinary titin fragment levels in response to both drop jump and the eccentric ergometer exercise were correlated with those of plasma CK and Mb levels. These results provide evidence that the urinary titin fragment level is a non-invasive biomarker reflecting the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Lee
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa
| | - Kamil Goral
- Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan
| | - DamianJ Flis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk
| | - Wojciech Skrobot
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk
| | | | | | | | - Wieslaw Ziolkowski
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk
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59
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Coratella G, Longo S, Cè E, Esposito F, de Almeida Costa Campos Y, Pereira Guimarães M, Fernandes da Silva S, Dufour SP, Hureau TJ, Lemire M, Favret F, Elmer SJ, LaStayo PC, Wernbom M, Seynnes O, Paulsen G, Bontemps B, Vercruyssen F, Gruet M, Louis J, Mourot L, Rakobowchuk M, Pageaux B, Tremblay J, Peñailillo L, Nosaka K, Hahn D, Raiteri BJ, Škarabot J, Valenzuela PL, Walsh JA, McAndrew DJ, Lepers R, Stapley PJ, Baumert P, Erskine RM, Clos P. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Distinct modalities of eccentric exercise: different recipes, not the same dish. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 127:884-891. [PMID: 31525315 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00496.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri de Almeida Costa Campos
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of the University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Miller Pereira Guimarães
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of the University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil,Presbyterian College Gammon, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphane P. Dufour
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, FMTS (Federation for Translational Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas J. Hureau
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, FMTS (Federation for Translational Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Lemire
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, FMTS (Federation for Translational Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Favret
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, FMTS (Federation for Translational Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steven J. Elmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Paul C. LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mathias Wernbom
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Mathieu Gruet
- LAMHESS, EA6312, Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) platform, University of Bourgogne Franche- Comté, Besançon, France,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences l’activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tremblay
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences l’activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile and Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile and Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Sport Science, Human Movement Science, Bochum, Germany,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent J. Raiteri
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Sport Science, Human Movement Science, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jakob Škarabot
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joel A. Walsh
- Neural Control of Movement Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl J. McAndrew
- Neural Control of Movement Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Paul J. Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Baumert
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Clos
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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60
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Benford J, Hughes J, Waldron M, Theis N. Concentric versus eccentric training: Effect on muscle strength, regional morphology, and architecture. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Benford
- School of Sport and Exercise University of Gloucestershire Gloucester UK
| | - Jonathan Hughes
- School of Sport and Exercise University of Gloucestershire Gloucester UK
| | - Mark Waldron
- College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK
- School of Science and Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise University of Gloucestershire Gloucester UK
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61
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Peñailillo L, Aedo C, Cartagena M, Contreras A, Reyes A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Earp JE, Zbinden-Foncea H. Effects of Eccentric Cycling Performed at Long vs. Short Muscle Lengths on Heart Rate, Rate Perceived Effort, and Muscle Damage Markers. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Landman DM, Maree JH, Peterson C. The Effect of the Powerball Gyroscope as a Treatment Device for Nonspecific Wrist Pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:483-489. [PMID: 32861516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using the Powerball gyroscope as a treatment device on pain and change in endurance in nonspecific wrist pain. METHODS This study was a within-participants pre- and postintervention study consisting of 40 participants between ages 18 and 35 with an equal male-to-female ratio. The participants used the Powerball gyroscope for 5 minutes per treatment session. Treatment comprised 12 sessions carried out 3 × per week over a 4-week period. Participants completed objective and subjective data before the first, seventh, and 12th sessions. Objective data were recorded using the Jamar dynamometer to measure grip strength. Subjective data were gathered using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire. Participants then used the Powerball gyroscope in the hand with the affected wrist. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the changes. RESULTS A significant decrease in pain was noted throughout the study, but the most significant changes occurred between the seventh and 12th treatment sessions (P < .01). A significant increase in grip strength was also noted throughout the study, with the greater increase in grip strength occurring during the first 7 treatments (P < .02). CONCLUSION The Powerball gyroscope showed a change in outcome regarding nonspecific wrist pain and grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirkie M Landman
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Jacques H Maree
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia Peterson
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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63
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Stožer A, Vodopivc P, Križančić Bombek L. Pathophysiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and its structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical consequences. Physiol Res 2020; 69:565-598. [PMID: 32672048 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause exercise-induced muscle damage, characterized by structural changes involving sarcomere, cytoskeletal, and membrane damage, with an increased permeability of sarcolemma for proteins. From a functional point of view, disrupted force transmission, altered calcium homeostasis, disruption of excitation-contraction coupling, as well as metabolic changes bring about loss of strength. Importantly, the trauma also invokes an inflammatory response and clinically presents itself by swelling, decreased range of motion, increased passive tension, soreness, and a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity. While being damaging and influencing heavily the ability to perform repeated bouts of exercise, changes produced by exercise-induced muscle damage seem to play a crucial role in myofibrillar adaptation. Additionally, eccentric exercise yields greater hypertrophy than isometric or concentric contractions and requires less in terms of metabolic energy and cardiovascular stress, making it especially suitable for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle damage, their dependence on genetic background, as well as their consequences at the structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical level. A comprehensive understanding of these is a prerequisite for proper inclusion of eccentric training in health promotion, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia.
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Barbosa GM, Trajano GS, Dantas GA, Silva BR, Vieira WHB. Chronic Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstrings Eccentric Strength and Functional Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2031-2039. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Evidence of Rehabilitative Impact of Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) Programs in Parkinson Disease: An Umbrella Review. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:9748091. [PMID: 32566123 PMCID: PMC7270996 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9748091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that leads to progressive disability. PD-related reductions in muscle strength have been reported to be associated with lower functional performance and balance confidence with an increased risk of falls. Progressive resistance training (PRT) improves strength, balance, and functional abilities. This umbrella review examines the efficacy of PRT regarding muscular strength in PD patients. The PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2009 to August 2019 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted in English. The populations included had diagnoses of PD and consisted of males and females aged >18 years old. Outcomes measured were muscle strength and enhanced physical function. Eight papers (six systematic reviews and meta-analyses and two systematic reviews) were considered relevant for qualitative analysis. In six of the eight studies, the reported severity of PD was mild to moderate. Each study analyzed how PRT elicited positive effects on muscle strength in PD patients, suggesting 10 weeks on average of progressive resistance exercises for the upper and lower limbs two to three times per week. However, none of the studies considered the postworkout follow-up, and there was no detailed evidence about the value of PRT in preventing falls. The possibility of PRT exercises being effective for increasing muscle strength in patients with PD, but without comorbidities or severe disability, is discussed. Overall, this review suggests that PRT should be included in rehabilitation programs for PD patients, in combination with balance training for postural control and other types of exercise, in order to preserve cardiorespiratory fitness and improve endurance in daily life activities.
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Lavigne C, Twomey R, Lau H, Francis G, Culos-Reed SN, Millet GY. Feasibility of eccentric overloading and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve muscle strength and muscle mass after treatment for head and neck cancer. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 14:790-805. [PMID: 32447575 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) results in severe weight loss, mainly due to the loss of lean body mass. Consequently, decreases in muscular strength and health-related quality of life (HRQL) occur. This study investigated the feasibility of a 12-week novel strength training (NST) and conventional strength training (CST) intervention delivered after HNC treatment. METHODS Participants were randomized to a NST group (n = 11) involving eccentric overloaded strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), or a CST group (n = 11) involving dynamic resistance exercises matched for training volume. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, completion, adherence, and evidence of progression. A neuromuscular assessment involving maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVCs) in the knee extensors was evaluated prior to and during incremental cycling to volitional exhaustion at baseline and after the interventions. Anthropometrics and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were also assessed. RESULTS Although recruitment was challenging, completion was 100% in NST and 82% in CST. Adherence was 92% in NST and 81% in CST. Overall, MIVC increased by 19 ± 23%, muscle cross-sectional area improved 18 ± 22%, cycling exercise time improved by 18 ± 13%, and improvements in HRQL and fatigue were clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions were found to be feasible for HNC patients after treatment. Strength training significantly improved maximal muscle strength, muscle cross-sectional area, and PROs after HNC treatment. Future research should include fully powered trials and consider the use of eccentric overloading and NMES during HNC treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Eccentric- and NMES-emphasized strength training may be useful alternatives to conventional strength training after HNC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Lavigne
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rosie Twomey
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Ohlson Research Initiative, Arnie Charbonneau Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Harold Lau
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - George Francis
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Nicole Culos-Reed
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychosocial Resources, Cancer Care, Alberta Health Services, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France. .,Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.
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Clos P, Garnier Y, Martin A, Lepers R. Corticospinal excitability is altered similarly following concentric and eccentric maximal contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1457-1469. [PMID: 32347373 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine corticospinal excitability and neuromuscular function following the completion of eccentric (ECC) or concentric (CON) maximal exercises of same mechanical work. METHODS Ten males (29.9 ± 11.8 years) performed maximal isokinetic knee extensor contractions in four experimental sessions. The two first sessions (one in ECC and one in CON) ended with a dynamic peak torque loss of 20%. The work completed in each contraction type was then achieved in the other contraction type. Neuromuscular function- maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), voluntary activation level (VAL), potentiated doublet (Dt), M-wave- and corticospinal excitability- motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and silent period (SP)-were assessed in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles at 20% MVIC before and immediately after exercise. RESULTS To lose 20% of dynamic peak torque subjects performed 1.8 times more work in ECC than CON (P = 0.03), inducing a non-different decline in MVIC (P = 0.15). VAL dropped after the ECC sessions only (- 8.5 ± 6.7%; all P < 0.027). Only, the CON session featuring the greatest work affected Dt amplitude (- 9.4 ± 23.8%; P = 0.047). In both muscles, MEP amplitude decreased (all P < 0.001) and MEP SP stayed constant (all P > 0.45), irrespective of contraction type (all P > 0.15). CONCLUSION Same-work maximal ECC and CON exercises induced similar fatigue level but from different origins (preferentially central for ECC vs peripheral for CON). Yet, net corticospinal excitability did not depend on contraction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Clos
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Yoann Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France
- Clermont-Auvergne University, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France
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Comparison between high- and low-intensity eccentric cycling of equal mechanical work for muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1015-1025. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Julian V, Thivel D, Miguet M, Pereira B, Lambert C, Costes F, Richard R, Duclos M. Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:548-559. [PMID: 33190133 PMCID: PMC7802461 DOI: 10.1159/000509961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While eccentric (ECC) training appears to be more efficient than concentric (CON) training at improving body composition in adolescent with obesity, its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has never been studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the effects of 2 cycling training modalities, i.e., ECC vs. CON, in adolescents with obesity on HRQOL and health perception (HP). METHODS A total of 24 adolescents with obesity, aged 12-16 years, were randomized to either a 12-week ECC or a CON cycling training program performed at the same oxygen consumption (VO2). Anthropometric measurements, body composition, maximal incremental tests, HRQOL (Vécu et Santé Percue de l'Adolescent [VSP-A], Medical Outcome Study Short Form [SF-36]), and HP were assessed at before and after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Both CON and ECC cycling trainings promoted significant improvements in BMI, VO2peak, total fat mass, and fat-free mass, with better improvements in body composition parameters in the ECC group (p < 0.05). The VSP-A total score increased after CON (p < 0.01) and ECC (p < 0.001) training, with better enhancement for the ECC group (p < 0.05). The SF-36 physical score increased after both CON (p < 0.01) and ECC (p < 0.001) trainings. The global HP score increased only after ECC training (p < 0.001). Except for the energy-vitality item, no significant correlation was found between changes in HRQOL and its subdomains and anthropometric, body composition, and functional parameters. Both ECC and CON cycling trainings are associated with positive changes in HRQOL and HP. However, ECC seems to induce greater improvements in HRQL and HP than CON cycling training, which is probably not due to the anthropometric, body composition, and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Maud Miguet
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kinney AY, Blair CK, Guest DD, Ani JK, Harding EM, Amorim F, Boyce T, Rodman J, Ford CG, Schwartz M, Rosenberg L, Foran O, Gardner J, Lin Y, Arap W, Irwin MR. Biobehavioral effects of Tai Chi Qigong in men with prostate cancer: Study design of a three-arm randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 16:100431. [PMID: 31650067 PMCID: PMC6804681 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is often one of the most commonly reported symptoms in prostate cancer survivors, but it is also one of the least understood cancer-related symptoms. Fatigue is associated with psychological distress, disruptions in sleep quality, and impairments in health-related quality of life. Moreover, inflammatory processes and changes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or autonomic nervous system may also play a role in cancer-related fatigue. Thus, effective treatments for fatigue in prostate cancer survivors represent a current unmet need. Prior research has shown that Tai Chi Qigong, a mind-body exercise intervention, can improve physical and emotional health. Herein, we describe the protocol of the ongoing 3-arm randomized controlled Health Empowerment & Recovery Outcomes (HERO) clincal trial. One hundred sixty-six prostate cancer survivors with fatigue are randomized to a modified Tai Chi Qigong intervention (TCQ), intensity-matched body training intervention (BT), or usual care (UC) condition. Guided by biopsychosocial and psychoneuroimmunology models, we propose that TCQ, as compared to BT or UC will: i) reduce fatigue (primary outcome) in prostate cancer survivors; ii) reduce inflammation; and iii) regulate the expression of genes from two major functional clusters: a) inflammation, vasodilation and metabolite sensing and b) energy and adrenergic activation. Assessments are conducted at baseline, the 6-week midpoint of the intervention, and 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months post-intervention. If our findings show that TCQ promotes recovery from prostate cancer and its treatment, this type of intervention can be integrated into survivorship care plans as the standard of care. The study's findings will also provide novel information about underlying biobehavioral mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03326713; clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Y. Kinney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy K. Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dolores D. Guest
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julianne K. Ani
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Fabiano Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tawny Boyce
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joseph Rodman
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C. Graham Ford
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Olivia Foran
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jerry Gardner
- Department of Theatre, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions to Expedite Recovery Following Muscle-Damaging Exercise in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:914-928. [PMID: 30859892 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) manifests as muscle soreness, inflammation, and reductions in force generating capacity that can last for several days after exercise. The ability to recover and repair damaged tissues following EIMD is impaired with age, with older adults (≥50 years old) experiencing a slower rate of recovery than their younger counterparts do for the equivalent exercise bout. This narrative review discusses the literature examining the effect of nutritional or pharmacological supplements taken to counter the potentially debilitating effects of EIMD in older adults. Studies have assessed the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin C and/or E, or higher protein diets on recovery in older adults. Each intervention showed some promise for attenuating EIMD, but, overall, there is a paucity of available data in this population, and more studies are required to determine the influence of nutrition or pharmacological interventions on EIMD in older adults.
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Plaquevent-Hostache G, Touron J, Costes F, Perrault H, Clerfond G, Cuenin C, Moisa A, Pereira B, Boiteux MC, Eschalier R, Richard R. Effectiveness of combined eccentric and concentric exercise over traditional cardiac exercise rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic heart failure: protocol for a randomised controlled study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028749. [PMID: 31558450 PMCID: PMC6773335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise-based rehabilitation is a standard feature of chronic heart failure management. The effectiveness of eccentric exercise could offer new opportunities for better tailoring rehabilitation programme to patients' limitations. The goal of the study is to contrast the impact of a mixed eccentric and concentric cycling training programme, to that of conventional concentric cycling rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (peak oxygen consumption (VO2Peak) < 15 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, ejection fraction <40%). METHODS AND ANALYSIS It is a prospective, open, controlled and randomised study (2×25 subjects) carried out in a single centre. Subjects will perform five exercise sessions per week per the randomisation outcome, with the intervention group performing eccentric in three of the five weekly sessions while the control group will perform the five sessions of concentric exercise. Cycling intensity will be the same in both groups and fixed to the power associated with the first ventilatory threshold. Self-management education programme, callisthenics sessions and muscle strength trainings will also be carried out as for any heart failure patient normally included in the rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome will be the change in distance covered during the 6 min walk test. Secondary outcomes will include other physical mobility parameters, functional exercise capacities, quality of life and body composition as well as skeletal muscle properties including mitochondrial function parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the institutional ethics review board (17.079) and the French regulatory authority for research (2017-A00969-44). Adverse events that could occur during the protocol will be reported to the principal investigator. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03716778.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julianne Touron
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Clerfond
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Cuenin
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Andreea Moisa
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Delegation to Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Claire Boiteux
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Romain Eschalier
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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González-Bartholin R, Mackay K, Valladares D, Zbinden-Foncea H, Nosaka K, Peñailillo L. Changes in oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage markers following eccentric versus concentric cycling in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2301-2312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Quinlan JI, Narici MV, Reeves ND, Franchi MV. Tendon Adaptations to Eccentric Exercise and the Implications for Older Adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E60. [PMID: 33467375 PMCID: PMC7739434 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this short review is to discuss the effects of eccentric exercise in modifying the properties of tendon tissue in healthy individuals. The tendon provides a mechanical link between muscle and bone, allowing force transmission to the skeleton, and thus, its properties have significant functional implications. Chronic resistance training has long been shown to increase the stiffness and Young's modulus of the tendon and even tendon cross-sectional area. However, as the tendon responds to the amount and/or frequency of strain, it has been previously suggested that eccentric training may result in greater adaptations due to the potential for greater training loads. Thus, this review discusses the effects of eccentric training upon healthy tendon tissue and compares these to other training modalities. Furthermore, it has been reported that the tendon may undergo adverse age-related changes. Thus, this review also discusses the potential application of eccentric resistance training as a preferential modality for counteracting these age-related changes. We conclude that while there may be no difference between contraction types for overall tendon adaptation, the lower demands of eccentric contractions may make it more appealing for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Quinlan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Marco V Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Neil D Reeves
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Mujaddadi A, Moiz JA, Singla D, Naqvi IH, Ali MS, Talwar D. Effect of eccentric exercise on markers of muscle damage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:801-807. [PMID: 31340714 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1644690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Eccentric exercise may be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional exercise in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, due to muscle damage associated with eccentric exercise, there has been reluctance in using this exercise form in PR.Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on markers of muscle damage in patients with COPD.Methods: We analyzed 14 patients with moderate-severe COPD and 14 age-matched healthy controls. Both groups performed submaximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Muscle soreness (MS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the elbow flexors, elbow range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), and biochemical markers such as creatine Kinase (CK) and lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at pre-exercise, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h following submaximal eccentric exercise.Results: There was a significant difference in markers of muscle damage, MS (p = .002), MVC (p < .001), ROM (p = .010), CIR (p < .001), and LDH (p = .001). However, no significant differences were observed in the activity of CK (p = .261) between COPD and control group following eccentric exercise which indicates greater degree of muscle damage in COPD as compared with control.Conclusion: Sub-maximal eccentric exercise causes significantly greater muscle damage in elderly COPD patients than healthy controls. Therefore, initial exercise should be progressed with lower intensities to prevent undue muscle damage in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Mujaddadi
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Deepika Singla
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | | | - Mir Shad Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Metro Centre for Respiratory Diseases, Metro Hospital and Multispecialty Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201301, India
| | - Deepak Talwar
- Department of Pulmonology Allergy Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Metro Centre for Respiratory Diseases, Metro Hospital and Multispecialty Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201301, India
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Franchi MV, Maffiuletti NA. Distinct modalities of eccentric exercise: different recipes, not the same dish. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:881-883. [PMID: 31070957 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00093.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martino V Franchi
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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77
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Hody S, Croisier JL, Bury T, Rogister B, Leprince P. Eccentric Muscle Contractions: Risks and Benefits. Front Physiol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 31130877 PMCID: PMC6510035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccentric contractions, characterized by the lengthening of the muscle-tendon complex, present several unique features compared with other types of contractions, which may lead to unique adaptations. Due to its specific physiological and mechanical properties, there is an increasing interest in employing eccentric muscle work for rehabilitation and clinical purposes. However, unaccustomed eccentric exercise is known to cause muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as “Delayed-Onset Muscular Soreness” (DOMS). To date, the most useful preventive strategy to avoid these adverse effects consists of repeating sessions involving submaximal eccentric contractions whose intensity is progressively increased over the training. Despite an increased number of investigations focusing on the eccentric contraction, a significant gap still remains in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the initial damage response and subsequent adaptations to eccentric exercise. Yet, unraveling the molecular basis of exercise-related muscle damage and soreness might help uncover the mechanistic basis of pathological conditions as myalgia or neuromuscular diseases. In addition, a better insight into the mechanisms governing eccentric training adaptations should provide invaluable information for designing therapeutic interventions and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Hody
- Department of Motricity Sciences, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Thierry Bury
- Department of Motricity Sciences, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, The University Hospital Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,GIGA - Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Leprince
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,GIGA - Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
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78
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Lytle LL, Dannenbring JL, Kilgas MA, Elmer SJ. Eccentric Arm Cycling: A Potential Exercise for Wheelchair Users. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:914-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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79
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Clos P, Laroche D, Stapley PJ, Lepers R. Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:354. [PMID: 30984032 PMCID: PMC6447677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Eccentric (ECC) cycle-ergometers have recently become commercially-available, offering a novel method for rehabilitation training. Many studies have reported that ECC cycling enables the development of higher levels of muscular force at lower cardiorespiratory and metabolic loads, leading to greater force enhancements after a training period. However, fewer studies have focused on the specific perceptual and neuromuscular changes. As the two latter aspects are of major interest in clinical settings, this review aimed to present an overview of the current literature centered on the neuromuscular and perceptual responses to submaximal ECC cycling in comparison to concentric (CON) cycling. Design Narrative review of the literature. Results At a given mechanical workload, muscle activation is lower in ECC than in CON while the characteristics of the musculo-articular system (i.e., muscle-tendon unit, fascicle, and tendinous tissue length) are quite similar. At a given heart rate or oxygen consumption, ECC cycling training results in greater muscular hypertrophy and strength gains than CON cycling. On the contrary, CON cycling training seems to enhance more markers of muscle aerobic metabolism than ECC cycling performed at the same heart rate intensity. Data concerning perceptual responses, and neuromuscular mechanisms leading to a lower muscle activation (i.e., neural commands from cortex to muscular system) at a given mechanical workload are scarce. Conclusion Even though ECC cycling appears to be a very useful tool for rehabilitation purposes the perceptual and neural commands from cortex to muscular system during exercise need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Clos
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Davy Laroche
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Paul J Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Group, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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80
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Fitze DP, Franchi M, Popp WL, Ruoss S, Catuogno S, Camenisch K, Lehmann D, Schmied CM, Niederseer D, Frey WO, Flück M. Concentric and Eccentric Pedaling-Type Interval Exercise on a Soft Robot for Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients: Toward a Personalized Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e10970. [PMID: 30916659 PMCID: PMC6456820 DOI: 10.2196/10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death in Europe. Leading cardiac societies recommend exercise as an integral part of cardiovascular rehabilitation because it reduces the morbidity and mortality of patients with CAD. Continuous low-intensity exercise using shortening muscle actions (concentric, CON) is a common training modality during cardiovascular rehabilitation. However, a growing clinical interest has been recently developed in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for stable patients with CAD. Exercise performed with lengthening muscle actions (eccentric, ECC) could be tolerated better by patients with CAD as they can be performed with higher loads and lower metabolic cost than CON exercise. OBJECTIVE We developed a clinical protocol on a soft robot to compare cardiovascular and muscle effects of repeated and work-matched CON versus ECC pedaling-type interval exercise between patients with CAD during cardiovascular rehabilitation. This study aims to ascertain whether the developed training protocols affect peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak aerobic power output (Ppeak), and parameters of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during exercise, and anaerobic muscle power. METHODS We will randomize 20-30 subjects to either the CON or ECC group. Both groups will perform a ramp test to exhaustion before and after the training period to measure cardiovascular parameters and SmO2. Moreover, the aerobic skeletal muscle power (Ppeak) is measured weekly during the 8-week training period using a simulated squat jump and a counter movement jump on the soft robot and used to adjust the training load. The pedaling-type interval exercise on the soft robot is performed involving either CON or ECC muscle actions. The soft robotic device being used is a closed kinetic chain, force-controlled interactive training, and testing device for the lower extremities, which consists of two independent pedals and free footplates that are operated by pneumatic artificial muscles. RESULTS The first patients with CAD, who completed the training, showed protocol-specific improvements, reflecting, in part, the lower aerobic training status of the patient completing the CON protocol. Rehabilitation under the CON protocol, more than under the ECC protocol, improved cardiovascular parameters, that is, VO2peak (+26% vs -6%), and Ppeak (+20% vs 0%), and exaggerated muscle deoxygenation during the ramp test (248% vs 49%). Conversely, markers of metabolic stress and recovery from the exhaustive ramp test improved more after the ECC than the CON protocol, that is, peak blood lactate (-9% vs +20%) and peak SmO2 (+7% vs -7%). Anaerobic muscle power only improved after the CON protocol (+18% vs -15%). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the potential of the implemented CON and ECC protocols of pedaling-type interval exercise to improve oxygen metabolism of exercised muscle groups while maintaining or even increasing the Ppeak. The ECC training protocol seemingly provided a lower cardiovascular stimulus in patients with CAD while specifically enhancing the reoxygenation and blood lactate clearance in recruited muscle groups during recovery from exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02845063; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02845063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Fitze
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martino Franchi
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Balgrist Move>Med, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner L Popp
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Catuogno
- Balgrist Move>Med, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Camenisch
- Balgrist Move>Med, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Debora Lehmann
- Balgrist Move>Med, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schmied
- University Heart Center Zurich, Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Niederseer
- University Heart Center Zurich, Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter O Frey
- Balgrist Move>Med, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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81
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Chen TC, Yang TJ, Huang MJ, Wang HS, Tseng KW, Chen HL, Nosaka K. Damage and the repeated bout effect of arm, leg, and trunk muscles induced by eccentric resistance exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:725-735. [PMID: 30663816 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared nine resistance eccentric exercises targeting arm, leg, and trunk muscles in one session for changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and myoglobin (Mb) concentration after the first and second bouts. Fifteen sedentary men (20-25 years) performed 5 sets of 10 eccentric contractions with 80% of MVC load for the elbow flexors (EF), elbow extensors (EE), pectoralis, knee extensors (KE), knee flexors (KF), plantar flexors (PF), latissimus, abdominis, and erector spinae (ES) in a randomized order and repeated the same exercises 2 weeks later. MVC decreased at 1 (16%-57%) to 4 (13%-49%) days, DOMS developed (peak: 43-70 mm), and CK activity (peak: 23 238-207 304 IU/L) and Mb concentration showed large increases after the first bout. The magnitude of decrease in MVC was greater (P < 0.05) for EF, EE, and PEC than others and for KF than KE, PF, and ES. DOMS was greater (P < 0.05) for EF, EE, and ES than others. Changes in all measures were smaller (P < 0.05) after the second than the first bout, and the magnitude of the repeated bout effect was similar among the muscles. Plasma CK activity and Mb concentration did not increase significantly after the second exercise bout. It was concluded that muscle damage was greater for arm than leg muscles, and muscle proteins in the blood increased to a critical level after unaccustomed whole-body resistance exercises, but the magnitude of damage was largely attenuated for all muscles similarly after the second bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Yang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jyue Huang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Seng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lian Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, National Chiayi University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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82
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West DWD, Marcotte GR, Chason CM, Juo N, Baehr LM, Bodine SC, Baar K. Normal Ribosomal Biogenesis but Shortened Protein Synthetic Response to Acute Eccentric Resistance Exercise in Old Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1915. [PMID: 30692935 PMCID: PMC6339931 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic resistance to feeding in aged muscle is well-characterized; however, whether old skeletal muscle is intrinsically resistant to acute mechanical loading is less clear. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of aging on muscle protein synthesis (MPS), ribosome biogenesis, and protein breakdown in skeletal muscle following a single bout of resistance exercise. Adult male F344/BN rats aged 10 (Adult) and 30 (Old) months underwent unilateral maximal eccentric contractions of the hindlimb. Precursor rRNA increased early post-exercise (6-18 h), preceding elevations in ribosomal mass at 48 h in Adult and Old; there were no age-related differences in these responses. MPS increased early post-exercise in both Adult and Old; however, at 48 h of recovery, MPS returned to baseline in Old but not Adult. This abbreviated protein synthesis response in Old was associated with decreased levels of IRS1 protein and increased BiP, CHOP and eIF2α levels. Other than these responses, anabolic signaling was similar in Adult and Old muscle in the acute recovery phase. Basal proteasome activity was lower in Old, and resistance exercise did not increase the activity of either the ATP-dependent or independent proteasome, or autophagy (Cathepsin L activity) in either Adult or Old muscle. We conclude that MPS and ribosome biogenesis in response to maximal resistance exercise in old skeletal muscle are initially intact; however, the MPS response is abbreviated in Old, which may be the result of ER stress and/or blunted exercise-induced potentiation of the MPS response to feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W D West
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - George R Marcotte
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Courtney M Chason
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Juo
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
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83
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PEDARD MARTIN, CEFIS MARINA, ENNEQUIN GAËL, QUIRIÉ AURORE, GARNIER PHILIPPE, PRIGENT-TESSIER ANNE, PERNET NICOLAS, MARIE CHRISTINE. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway after Downhill and Uphill Training in Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:27-34. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Julian V, Thivel D, Miguet M, Pereira B, Costes F, Coudeyre E, Duclos M, Richard R. Eccentric cycling is more efficient in reducing fat mass than concentric cycling in adolescents with obesity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:4-15. [PMID: 30222208 PMCID: PMC7380043 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of eccentric (ECC) training on fat mass (FM) remain underexplored. We hypothesized that in obese adolescents, ECC cycling training is more efficient for decreasing whole-body FM percentage compared to concentric (CON) performed at the same oxygen consumption (VO2 ). Twenty-four adolescents aged 13.4 ± 1.3 years (BMI > 90th percentile) were randomized to ECC or CON. They performed three cyclo-ergometer sessions per week (30 min per session) for 12 weeks: two habituation, 5 at 50% VO2peak , and 5 at 70% VO2peak . Anthropometric measurements, body composition, maximal incremental CON tests, strength tests, and blood samples were assessed pre- and post-training. Whole-body FM percentage decreased significantly after compared to pretraining in both groups, though to a larger extent in the ECC group (ECC: -10% vs CON: -4.2%, P < 0.05). Whole-body lean mass (LM) percentage increased significantly in both groups after compared to pretraining, with a greater increase in the ECC group (ECC: 3.8% vs CON: 1.5%, P <0.05). The improvements in leg FM and LM percentages were greater in the ECC group (-6.5% and 3.0%, P = 0.01 and P < 0.01). Quadriceps isometric and isokinetic ECC strength increased significantly more in the ECC group (28.3% and 21.3%, P < 0.05). Both groups showed similar significant VO2peak improvement (ECC: 15.4% vs CON: 10.3%). The decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index was significant in the ECC group (-19.9%). In conclusion, although both ECC and CON cycling trainings are efficient to decrease FM, ECC induces greater FM reduction, strength gains, and insulin resistance improvements and represents an optimal modality to recommend for obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Maud Miguet
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Coudeyre
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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85
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Julian V, Thivel D, Costes F, Touron J, Boirie Y, Pereira B, Perrault H, Duclos M, Richard R. Eccentric Training Improves Body Composition by Inducing Mechanical and Metabolic Adaptations: A Promising Approach for Overweight and Obese Individuals. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1013. [PMID: 30131705 PMCID: PMC6090036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle generates force by either shortening (concentrically) or lengthening (eccentrically). Eccentric (ECC) exercise is characterized by a lower metabolic demand and requires less muscle activity than concentric (CON) exercise at the same level of exerted force. However, the specific effect of ECC training vs. CON training on lean and fat mass remains underexplored. The first aim of this paper was to review the available evidence regarding the effects of ECC training on whole body and segmental lean and fat mass and, when possible, compare these with the effects of CON training. The second aim was to provide some insights into the main mechanical, physiological, and metabolic adaptations of ECC training that contribute to its effects on body composition. The third aim was to determine the beneficial effects of ECC exercise on health-related parameters in overweight and obese patients. ECC training is an effective modality to improve lean mass, but when matched for load or work, the difference between ECC and CON trainings seems unclear. A few studies reported that ECC training is also efficient at reducing fat mass. By increasing post-exercise resting energy expenditure, modifying metabolic substrate, and improving both blood lipid profile and insulin resistance, ECC training is a potential exercise modality for individuals with chronic conditions such as those who are overweight and obese. Further investigations using standardized experimental conditions, examining not only segmental but also whole body composition, are required to compare ECC and CON trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratoire AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Service de Biostatistique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martine Duclos
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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86
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Ruas CV, Brown LE, Lima CD, Costa PB, Pinto RS. Effect of Three Different Muscle Action Training Protocols on Knee Strength Ratios and Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2154-2165. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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87
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Nishikawa KC, Lindstedt SL, LaStayo PC. Basic science and clinical use of eccentric contractions: History and uncertainties. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:265-274. [PMID: 30356648 PMCID: PMC6189250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The peculiar attributes of muscles that are stretched when active have been noted for nearly a century. Understandably, the focus of muscle physiology has been primarily on shortening and isometric contractions, as eloquently revealed by A.V. Hill and subsequently by his students. When the sliding filament theory was introduced by A.F. Huxley and H.E. Huxley, it was a relatively simple task to link Hill's mechanical observations to the actions of the cross bridges during these shortening and isometric contractions. In contrast, lengthening or eccentric contractions have remained somewhat enigmatic. Dismissed as necessarily causing muscle damage, eccentric contractions have been much more difficult to fit into the cross-bridge theory. The relatively recent discovery of the giant elastic sarcomeric filament titin has thrust a previously missing element into any discussion of muscle function, in particular during active stretch. Indeed, the unexpected contribution of giant elastic proteins to muscle contractile function is highlighted by recent discoveries that twitchin-actin interactions are responsible for the "catch" property of invertebrate muscle. In this review, we examine several current theories that have been proposed to account for the properties of muscle during eccentric contraction. We ask how well each of these explains existing data and how an elastic filament can be incorporated into the sliding filament model. Finally, we review the increasing body of evidence for the benefits of including eccentric contractions into a program of muscle rehabilitation and strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiisa C. Nishikawa
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Stan L. Lindstedt
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Paul C. LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 86011, USA
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88
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Moezy A, Erfani A, Mazaherinezhad A, Mousavi SAJ. Downhill walking influence on physical condition and quality of life in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:49. [PMID: 30159300 PMCID: PMC6108258 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), in addition to its respiratory problems, is accompanied by several musculoskeletal consequences. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of eccentric exercise in the form of downhill walking (DW) on respiratory capacity, physical function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with COPD. Methods: The randomized controlled trial was carried out during 2014 - 2015 in Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study design was as an assessor blind RCT on 32 patients with COPD that randomly assigned to the eccentric training (ET) and control (CON) groups. Patients in ET group received a 12-week DW exercise on the treadmill while the patients in the control group were only treated by COPD conventional medications and walked on paved surfaces. Functional tests, FEV1, FEV1 to FVC and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were used to assess the subject's physical status and QOL pre and post-intervention. Results: The FEV1 (p=0.008), FEV1/FVC (p=0.002), six-minute walk test (p=0.029), timed up & go test (p=0.023), SGRQ symptom (p=0.022), SGRQ activity (p=0.007), SGRQ impact (p=0.033) and total score of SGRQ (p=0.013) improved significantly in the ET group compare to the CON group. Conclusion: DW could have positive influence on physical status and QOL of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Moezy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mazaherinezhad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Javad Mousavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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89
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Füzéki E, Banzer W. Physical Activity Recommendations for Health and Beyond in Currently Inactive Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15051042. [PMID: 29789470 PMCID: PMC5982081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Widespread persistent inactivity makes continued efforts in physical activity promotion a persistent challenge. The precise content of physical activity recommendations is not broadly known, and there are concerns that the general messaging of the guidelines, including the recommendations to perform at least 150 min of at least moderate intensity physical activity per week might seem unattainable for and even actually discourage currently inactive people. Here we show that there are a myriad of ways of being physically active, and provide (in part) out-of-the-box examples of evidence based, pragmatic, easily accessible physical activity regimes below 150 min and/or with lower than moderate intensity that yield meaningful health benefits for currently inactive people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Füzéki
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany.
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90
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Lewis MC, Peoples GE, Groeller H, Brown MA. Eccentric cycling emphasising a low cardiopulmonary demand increases leg strength equivalent to workload matched concentric cycling in middle age sedentary males. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1238-1243. [PMID: 29789262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined if eccentric endurance cycling, eliciting a low cardiovascular demand, could stimulate muscle strength adaptations in sedentary middle-aged males. DESIGN Twenty-four middle-aged sedentary males were allocated to concentric (CON) or matched workload eccentric (ECC) cycling (60% peak concentric workload) according to their maximal voluntary isometric quadriceps strength. METHODS Seventeen participants [42.7±8.3 years, BMI 28.6±5.2, peak oxygen consumption [30.5±5.8mLkg-1min-1] completed 8 weeks (2 sessions per week) of CON (n=8) or ECC (n=9) cycle training. Incline leg press (6RM), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the quadriceps and peak oxygen consumption were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS Eccentric cycle training resulted in low cardiovascular demand (CON 154±2; ECC 95±3bmin-1P<0.05) and ratings of perceived exertion (CON 14.9±0.3; ECC 9.5±0.3/20 P<0.05). Peak oxygen consumption improved within the CON group (Baseline 27.4±2.1; 8 weeks: 30.0±1.7mLkg-1min-1P<0.05) and not within the ECC group (Baseline 33.2±1.5; 8 weeks 33.3±1.6mLkg-1min-1) following training. 6RM (CON 176±20; ECC 192±11kg) and MVIC (CON 199±25; ECC 199±25Nm) strength were equivalent at baseline (P>0.05). Both groups significantly increased 6RM (CON 13.0±3.0; ECC 10.7±3.2%) and MVIC (CON 12.9±4.3; ECC 18.8±3.0%) relative to their own baseline (P<0.05). Therefore, improved leg strength was equivalent between CON and ECC groups despite the varied training (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In sedentary middle age males, eccentric endurance cycling with a low cardiovascular demand, increased both quadriceps isometric and 6RM strength comparable to a matched workload concentric cycling program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lewis
- Medical and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gregory E Peoples
- Graduate Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Herbert Groeller
- Medical and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marc A Brown
- Medical and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia
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91
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Trouwborst I, Verreijen A, Memelink R, Massanet P, Boirie Y, Weijs P, Tieland M. Exercise and Nutrition Strategies to Counteract Sarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:E605. [PMID: 29757230 PMCID: PMC5986485 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population is aging rapidly, there is a strong increase in the number of individuals with chronic disease and physical limitations. The decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) and the increase in fat mass (obesity) are important contributors to the development of physical limitations, which aggravates the chronic diseases prognosis. The combination of the two conditions, which is referred to as sarcopenic obesity, amplifies the risk for these negative health outcomes, which demonstrates the importance of preventing or counteracting sarcopenic obesity. One of the main challenges is the preservation of the skeletal muscle mass and function, while simultaneously reducing the fat mass in this population. Exercise and nutrition are two key components in the development, as well as the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity. The main aim of this narrative review is to summarize the different, both separate and combined, exercise and nutrition strategies so as to prevent and/or counteract sarcopenic obesity. This review therefore provides a current update of the various exercise and nutritional strategies to improve the contrasting body composition changes and physical functioning in sarcopenic obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Trouwborst
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amely Verreijen
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pablo Massanet
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Nimes University Hospital, place du Pr Debré, 30029 Nimes, France.
| | - Yves Boirie
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Nimes University Hospital, place du Pr Debré, 30029 Nimes, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Peter Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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92
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Christensen JC, Foreman KB, LaStayo PC. The Positive Benefits of Negative Movement Patterns Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2018; 9:2151458518757796. [PMID: 29623234 PMCID: PMC5881975 DOI: 10.1177/2151458518757796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Eccentric (negative) resistance exercise of the legs using specialized machines has been reported to be useful and often superior to standard exercise following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Movements that utilize body mass and gravity as a mode of eccentric resistance exercise in a more pragmatic rehabilitation paradigm may also be useful in reversing chronic muscle impairments observed years following surgery. This study explores whether an eccentrically biased, body mass resistance exercise induces greater magnitude of sagittal plane extensor angular impulse of the support torque and individual net joint torque contributions during both squatting and lunging movement patterns 6 weeks following TKA. Methods: Cross-sectional laboratory-based study design including 10 patients following primary unilateral TKA (6.5 ± 0.8 weeks.). All patients completed 3 trials of the squat and lunge movement pattern under both a concentric and an eccentric condition. Extensor angular impulse of the support torque and net joint torque contributions were calculated by integrating the joint torque versus time curves. A Two-way analysis of covariance was conducted and contracts of clinical interest were computed using Wald posttest. P Values for all pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiplicity using Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure. Results: The eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse during both the squat (P < .001) and lunge (P < .001) movement patterns for the support torques. Similarly, the eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse of the hip, knee, and ankle (P < .001) during both movement patterns. Conclusion: Eccentrically biased, body mass movement exercises can produce higher levels of extensor angular impulse on the surgical limb in patients early after TKA. Patients in this study were able to tolerate the higher extensor angular impulse demands and performed the eccentrically biased conditions (without specialized machines) that could be beneficial in postoperative rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Christensen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Jesse C. Christensen, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - K. Bo Foreman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul C. LaStayo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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93
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Green DJ, Thomas K, Ross EZ, Green SC, Pringle JSM, Howatson G. Torque, power and muscle activation of eccentric and concentric isokinetic cycling. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 40:56-63. [PMID: 29631117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the effect of cycling mode and cadence on torque, external power output, and lower limb muscle activation during maximal, recumbent, isokinetic cycling. After familiarisation, twelve healthy males completed 6 × 10 s of maximal eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) cycling at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 rpm with five minutes recovery. Vastus lateralis, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris surface electromyography was recorded throughout. As cadence increased, peak torque linearly decreased during ECC (350-248 N·m) and CON (239-117 N·m) and peak power increased in a parabolic manner. Crank angle at peak torque increased with cadence in CON (+13°) and decreased in ECC (-9.0°). At all cadences, peak torque (mean +129 N·m, range 111-143 N·m), and power (mean +871 W, range 181-1406 W), were greater during ECC compared to CON. For all recorded muscles the crank angle at peak muscle activation was greater during ECC compared to CON. This difference increased with cadence in all muscles except the vastus lateralis. Additionally, peak vastus laterallis and biceps femoris activation was greater during CON compared to ECC. Eccentric cycling offers a greater mechanical stimulus compared to concentric cycling but the effect of cadence is similar between modalities. Markers of technique (muscle activation, crank angle at peak activation and torque) were different between eccentric and concentric cycling and respond differently to changes in cadence. Such data should be considered when comparing between, and selecting cadences for, recumbent, isokinetic, eccentric and concentric cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Green
- English Institute of Sport, Loughborough, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Z Ross
- English Institute of Sport, Loughborough, UK; School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Centre for Sport and Exercise Science Medicine, University of Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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94
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Lipski M, Abbiss CR, Nosaka K. Cardio-pulmonary responses to incremental eccentric and concentric cycling tests to task failure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:947-957. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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95
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Briggs RA, Houck JR, LaStayo PC, Fritz JM, Drummond MJ, Marcus RL. High-Intensity Multimodal Resistance Training Improves Muscle Function, Symmetry during a Sit-to-Stand Task, and Physical Function Following Hip Fracture. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:431-438. [PMID: 29484358 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post rehabilitation, older adults with hip fracture display low vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) on the involved lower extremity during a sit-to-stand task and low physical function. The purpose of this study was to test whether muscle performance, involved side vGRF during a sit-to-stand task, and physical function improved following multimodal high-intensity resistance training, when initiated after usual care (2 to 6 months after hip fracture). DESIGN Case series study, 12 weeks extended high-intensity strength training intervention following hip fracture. SETTING University hospital outpatient facility. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults (mean age 78.4 years (SD 10.4), 16 female/8 male), 3.6 (SD 1.2) months post-hip fracture and discharged from physical therapy participated. Intervention/Measurement: All participants performed sit-to-stand tasks, muscle performance tests, and modified physical performance test (mPPT) before and after 12 weeks (3x/wk) of training. Variables were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS The vGRF rate of force development (RFD) and magnitude of discrepancy between limb loading during rising phase of sit-to-stand task (AREA) variables improved post-training (RFD ratio = Pre: 0.78 - Post: 0.82, AREA ratio = Pre: 0.79 - Post: 0.86). Surgical leg extension power gains were large (~65%) while strength gains were moderate (~34%); yielding improved symmetry in both strength (Pre: 0.74 - Post: 0.88) and power (Pre: 0.75 - Post: 0.82). Physical function improved pre-training 25 (SD 5.2) to post training 30 (SD 4.3), (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Unique to this study, participants recovering from hip fracture demonstrated improved symmetry in sit-to-stand vGRFs, muscle function, and physical function after training. However, a high percentage of patients continued to experience persistently low vGRF of the involved side compared to previous studies of healthy elderly controls. Developing alternative strategies to improve involved side vGRF may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Briggs
- Robert A. Briggs PT PhD, Physical Therapy, David Grant Medical Center, 60th Medical Group, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA;
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96
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Franchi MV, Mitchell KW, Hoppeler H, Narici MV. Editorial: Physiology and Clinical Potential of Eccentric Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:891. [PMID: 29163224 PMCID: PMC5676077 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martino V Franchi
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,MRC-ARUK Centre of Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle W Mitchell
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Hoppeler
- Department of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco V Narici
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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97
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LeMoyne R, Mastroianni T. Virtual Proprioception for eccentric training. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:4557-4561. [PMID: 29060911 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wireless inertial sensors enable quantified feedback, which can be applied to evaluate the efficacy of therapy and rehabilitation. In particular eccentric training promotes a beneficial rehabilitation and strength training strategy. Virtual Proprioception for eccentric training applies real-time feedback from a wireless gyroscope platform enabled through a software application for a smartphone. Virtual Proprioception for eccentric training is applied to the eccentric phase of a biceps brachii strength training and contrasted to a biceps brachii strength training scenario without feedback. During the operation of Virtual Proprioception for eccentric training the intent is to not exceed a prescribed gyroscope signal threshold based on the real-time presentation of the gyroscope signal, in order to promote the eccentric aspect of the strength training endeavor. The experimental trial data is transmitted wireless through connectivity to the Internet as an email attachment for remote post-processing. A feature set is derived from the gyroscope signal for machine learning classification of the two scenarios of Virtual Proprioception real-time feedback for eccentric training and eccentric training without feedback. Considerable classification accuracy is achieved through the application of a multilayer perceptron neural network for distinguishing between the Virtual Proprioception real-time feedback for eccentric training and eccentric training without feedback.
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98
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LaStayo P, Marcus R, Dibble L, Wong B, Pepper G. Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community: a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:149. [PMID: 28716003 PMCID: PMC5513167 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing muscle deficits within a multi-component exercise fall reduction program is a priority, especially for the highest risk older adults, i.e., those who have fallen previously. Eccentric resistance exercise with its high-force producing potential, at a low energetic cost, may be ideally-suited to address muscle impairments in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance exercise via negative, eccentrically-induced, work (RENEW) versus traditional (TRAD) resistance exercise on mobility, balance confidence, muscle power and cross sectional area, as well as the number of days high fall risk older adults survived without a fall event over a 1 year period. METHODS Randomized, two group, four time point (over 1 year) clinical trial testing RENEW versus TRAD as part of a 3 month multi-component exercise fall reduction program (MCEFRP). Primary outcomes of mobility, balance confidence, muscle power output and cross sectional area were analyzed using mixed effects modeling. The secondary outcomes of days to fall and days to near-fall were analyzed using survival analysis. RESULTS The MCEFRP did have an effect on fall risk factors considered reversible with exercise interventions though there was no differential effect of RENEW versus TRAD (p = 0.896) on mobility, balance confidence, muscle power and cross sectional area. There were also no group differences in the number of days survived without a fall (p = 0.565) or near-fall (p = 0.678). Despite 100% of participants having at least one fall in the year prior to the MCEFRP, however, after 3 months of exercise and 9 months of follow-up <50% had experienced a fall or near fall. CONCLUSIONS There were no differential effects of RENEW or TRAD as components of a MCEFRP on the primary or secondary outcomes. The two modes of resistance exercise had identical effects on fall risk and fall-free survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01080196 ; March 2, 2010 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA
| | - Robin Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA
| | - Leland Dibble
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA
| | - Bob Wong
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Ginette Pepper
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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99
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Reidy PT, Lindsay CC, McKenzie AI, Fry CS, Supiano MA, Marcus RL, LaStayo PC, Drummond MJ. Aging-related effects of bed rest followed by eccentric exercise rehabilitation on skeletal muscle macrophages and insulin sensitivity. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:37-49. [PMID: 28705613 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages are associated with insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle regeneration. Infiltrating macrophages in skeletal muscle during a period of physical inactivity and subsequent reloading/rehabilitation in older adults is unknown, but may provide insight into mechanisms related to the development of metabolic disease and changes in muscle cell size. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle macrophage infiltration is modulated differently between young and older adults after bed rest and exercise rehabilitation and if these responses are related to muscle and insulin sensitivity changes. 14 young and 9 older adults underwent 5-days of bed rest followed by 8-weeks of lower limb eccentric exercise rehabilitation (REHAB). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging and myofiber analysis were used to identify muscle morphology and CLIX-IR and CLIX-β were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle macrophages, CD68 (pan), CD11b (M1), CD163 (M2), CD206 (M2), were characterized using immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Insulin sensitivity, independent of age, decreased ~38% following bed rest and was restored following REHAB. We found robust age-related differences in muscle atrophy during bed rest, yet older and younger adults equally hypertrophied during REHAB. Interestingly, there were age-related differences in macrophage content (CD68+CD11b+ and CD68+CD11b- cells) but both young and old similarly increased macrophages with REHAB. Satellite cell changes during rehab corresponded to macrophage content changes. Muscle tissue resident macrophages and gene expression, were not associated with changes in insulin sensitivity following bed rest and REHAB. These data suggest that muscle macrophages are modulated as a result of exercise rehabilitation following bed rest and may more associated with muscle regrowth/hypertrophy rather than insulin sensitivity in young or older adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01669590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Reidy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Catherine C Lindsay
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Division of Geriatrics, 30 N 1900 E, Room 4B120, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; VA Salt Lake City Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Robin L Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Paul C LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E, RM 214, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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100
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Sanz-López F, Berzosa C, Hita-Contreras F, Martínez-Amat A. Effects of eccentric overload training on patellar tendon and vastus lateralis in three days of consecutive running. Knee 2017; 24:570-579. [PMID: 28342723 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of structural changes in patellar tendon and muscle of healthy subjects in response to mechanical loads provides useful insight into the mechanism underlying overuse injuries. METHODS Changes produced in tendon and muscles structures after eccentric overload training and three consecutive running days were examined. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two groups. One group (ECC) performed eccentric overload squat training (six weeks). After such training, the ECC group performed three running sessions on consecutive days, as did the control group (CONT). The structure of their patellar tendons and vastus lateralis muscles was quantified using ultrasound and Doppler imaging. Images were obtained before and after eccentric training for the ECC group and on every day of running performance for both groups. RESULTS After eccentric training, the ECC group experienced an increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of patellar tendon (P=0.012). After every day of running, the ECC group experienced a decrease in CSA (P=0.027). In the CONT group, after one day of running a significant increase was observed in anteroposterior width of their patellar tendon (P=0.028), as well as a decrease in pennation angle of vastus lateralis muscle (P=0.028) within three days of running sessions. CONCLUSIONS Eccentric overload training brought about changes in the patellar tendon consistent with an improvement in the quality of the tissue. The ECC group in our study showed a more normalised pattern than the CONT group in the running performance, in agreement with previous research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3, controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sanz-López
- ValorA Research Group, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - César Berzosa
- ValorA Research Group, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; Research Group CTS-026: Study Group on Physical Activity, Physiotherapy and Health, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; Research Group CTS-026: Study Group on Physical Activity, Physiotherapy and Health, Jaén, Spain
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