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Yu M, Yan W, Beight C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Pde6b rd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4374087. [PMID: 30643804 PMCID: PMC6311858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4374087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin, and RS-zeaxanthin (L-Z) are antioxidants which can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS), and ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. However, their treatment effect in the Pde6b rd10 (rd10) mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been studied. ERS is an important factor which causes photoreceptor apoptosis. The aim of the current project is to test the treatment effect of L-Z in rd10 mice and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERS. METHODS L-Z (Lutemax 2020, 10 mg/kg) diluted in sunflower oil (SFO, 1 mg/ml) or the same volume of SFO was administrated via gavage from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20 daily in L-Z group (n=5) or SFO group (n=6) of rd10 mice. At P21, electroretinography (ERG) was performed to show the functional change of retinas. 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) were tested by western blot and immunostaining. RESULTS The ERG amplitudes were larger in the L-Z group than those of the SFO group in all flash luminances of dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG (all p < 0.01). Western blot revealed that GRP78 in the retinas of the L-Z group was significantly downregulated compared to that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the retinal ERp29 protein was significantly upregulated in the L-Z treatment group than that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS L-Z provide protection to the photoreceptors of rd10 mouse model of RP, which is probably associated with the reduction of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, China
| | - Craig Beight
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Liang Q, Zhang Y, Huang M, Xiao Y, Xiao F. Role of mitochondrial damage in Cr(VI)‑induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in L‑02 hepatocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1256-1265. [PMID: 30535451 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well reported that mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) are involved in heavy metal‑induced cytotoxicity, the role of mitochondrial damage in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]‑induced ERS and the correlation between the two have not been described and remain to be elucidated. The present study evaluated the ability of Cr(VI) to induce ERS in L‑02 hepatocytes, and subsequently examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‑mediated mitochondrial damage in Cr(VI)‑induced ERS. The findings demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced ERS, which was characterized by the upregulation of ERS‑associated genes and the substantial release of Ca2+ from the ER. The Cr(VI)‑induced mitochondrial production of ROS, by disturbing mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II, may damage mitochondria directly by inducing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. The results additionally demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced Ca2+ release from the ER through ROS/caveolin‑1/protein kinase B/inositol 1,4,5‑trisphosphate receptor signaling. The application of the ROS scavenger N‑acetyl‑cysteine confirmed the role of ROS in Cr(VI)‑mediated mitochondrial damage, ERS and apoptotic cell death. The data obtained demonstrated the role of mitochondrial damage in Cr(VI)‑induced ERS and provide novel insight into the elucidation of Cr(VI)‑induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Manfeng Huang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Antrodia cinnamomea induces autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17424. [PMID: 30479369 PMCID: PMC6258711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, a well-known traditional medicine used in Taiwan, is a potent anticancer drug for colorectal cancer, but the upstream molecular mechanism of its anticancer effects remains unclear. In this study, A. cinnamomea extracts showed cytotoxicity in HCT116, HT29, SW480, Caco-2 and, Colo205 colorectal cancer cells. Whole-genome expression profiling of A. cinnamomea extracts in HCT116 cells was performed. A. cinnamomea extracts upregulated the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker CHOP and its downstream gene TRB3. Moreover, dephosphorylation of Akt and mTOR as well as autophagic cell death were observed. Gene expression and autophagic cell death were reversed by the knockdown of CHOP and TRB3. Autophagy inhibition but not apoptosis inhibition reversed A. cinnamomea-induced cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that A. cinnamomea extracts significantly suppressed HCT116 tumour growth in nude mice. Our findings suggest that autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway may represent a new mechanism of anti-colorectal cancer action by A. cinnamomea. A. cinnamomea is a new CHOP activator and potential drug that can be used in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Pandey VK, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Emerging role of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) mediated proteotoxic apoptosis in diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 216:246-258. [PMID: 30471281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial single membrane organelle that acts as a quality control system for cellular proteins as it is intricately involved in their synthesis, folding and trafficking to the respective targets. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by enhanced blood glucose level that promotes insulin resistance and hampers cellular glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia provokes mitochondrial ROS production and glycation of proteins which exert a tremendous load on ER for conventional refolding of misfolded/unfolded and nascent proteins that perturb ER homeostasis resulting in apoptotic cell death. Impairment in ER functions is suspected to be through specific ER membrane-bound proteins known as Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sensor proteins. Conformational changes in these proteins induce oligomerization and cross-autophosphorylation which facilitate processes required for the restoration of ER homeostatic imbalance. Multiple studies have reported the involvement of UPR mediated autophagy and apoptotic pathways in the progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxia-mediated cell death. In this review, the involvement of UPR pathways in the progression of diabetes associated complications have been addressed, which underscores molecular crosstalks during neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatic injury and retinopathy. A better understanding of these molecular interventions may reveal advanced therapeutic approaches for preventing diabetic comorbidities. The article also highlights the importance of phytochemicals that are emerging as novel ER stress inhibitors and are being explored for targeted interaction in preventing cell death responses during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Yarahmadi R, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis as therapeutic targets of melatonin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:1049-1061. [PMID: 30445883 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1541318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease associated with disruption of alveolar epithelial cell layer and expansion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Excessive levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress, induction of apoptosis, and insufficient autophagy may be involved in IPF pathogenesis; hence, the targeting of these pathways may ameliorate IPF. Areas covered: We describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on IPF. We summarize the research on IPF pathogenesis with a focus on oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways and discuss the potential effects of melatonin on these pathways. Expert opinion: Oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy could be interesting targets for therapeutic intervention in IPF. Melatonin, as a potent antioxidant, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes, scavenges free radicals and modulates apoptosis and autophagy pathways. The effect of melatonin in the induction of autophagy could be an important mechanism against fibrotic process in IPF lungs. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine if melatonin could be a candidate for treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- c Department of Cellular and Structural Biology , UT Health , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Rasoul Yarahmadi
- d Department of Occupational Health , Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- e Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Kong DQ, Li L, Liu Y, Zheng GY. Association between endoplasmic reticulum stress and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1704-1710. [PMID: 30364130 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and challenging ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a chronic, progressive ocular disease that poses a serious threat to vision, DR has gradually become a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Emerging evidence points to an important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in not only maintaining the steady-state equilibrium in the body, but also in intracellular synthesis, protein folding, and other essential functions. Recent studies have demonstrated clear associations between ER stress-related physiological functions and the pathogenesis of DR. When cells are stimulated by external stimuli, UPR pathway is activated firstly to protect it. However, long-term harmful factors can induce ER stress. which interferes with the physiological metabolism of retinal cells and participates in the occurrence of DR via the ATF6 pathway, PERK pathway and IRE1 pathway. At present, ER stress blocker is expected to become a new anti-DR therapy. Thus, understanding the relationship between ER stress and DR will help to develop new effective preventative treatments. In this review, we summarize the risk factors of DR pathogenesis induced by ER stress toward revealing potentially new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Zaneveld SA, Eblimit A, Liang Q, Bertrand R, Wu N, Liu H, Nguyen Q, Zaneveld J, Wang K, Li Y, Chen R. Gene Therapy Rescues Retinal Degeneration in Receptor Expression-Enhancing Protein 6 Mutant Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:302-315. [PMID: 30101608 PMCID: PMC6437630 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary retinal dystrophy is clinically defined as a broad group of chronic and progressive disorders that affect visual function by causing photoreceptor degeneration. Previously, we identified mutations in the gene encoding receptor expression-enhancing protein 6 (REEP6), in individuals with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy. One individual was molecularly diagnosed with biallelic REEP6 mutations, a missense mutation over a frameshift mutation. In this study, we generated Reep6 compound heterozygous mice, Reep6L135P/-, which mimic the patient genotype and recapitulate the early-onset retinal degeneration phenotypes observed in the individual with RP. To determine the feasibility of rescuing the Reep6 mutant phenotype via gene replacement therapy, we delivered Reep6.1, the mouse retina-specific isoform of REEP6, to photoreceptors of Reep6 mutant mice on postnatal day 20. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects 2 months posttreatment showed improvements in the photoresponse as well as preservation of photoreceptor cells. Importantly, guanylyl cyclase 1 (GC1) expression was also restored to the outer segment after treatment. Furthermore, rAAV8-Reep6.1 single treatment in Reep6 mutant mice 1 year postinjection showed significant improvements in retinal function and morphology, suggesting that the treatment is effective even after a prolonged period. Findings from this study show that gene replacement therapy in the retina with rAAV overexpressing Reep6 is effective, preserving photoreceptor function in Reep6 mutant mice. These findings provide evidence that rAAV8-based gene therapy can prolong survival of photoreceptors in vivo and can be potentially used as a therapeutic modality for treatment of patients with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Agrawal Zaneveld
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Aiden Eblimit
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Qingnan Liang
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,3 Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Renae Bertrand
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,3 Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nathaniel Wu
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hehe Liu
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jacques Zaneveld
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Keqing Wang
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yumei Li
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rui Chen
- 1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Wang YY, Wang CG, Qi SN, Liu ZX, Su GF, Zheng YJ. 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy myricanol ameliorates photoreceptor cell degeneration in Pde6b rd10 mouse model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2018; 38:36-43. [PMID: 30079774 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1508153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) caused by the photoreceptor cell degeneration is currently incurable and leads to partial or complete blindness eventually. 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy myricanol (DM) is a novel compound isolated from the leaves of Micromelum integerrimum, with proliferative activities on NIH3T3 cells. This study was to investigate whether DM could mitigate retinal degeneration of rd10 mice, a well-characterized mouse model of RP. MATERIALS AND METHOD Rd10 mice were treated with DM daily by intraperitoneal injection from postnatal day 12 (P12) to P26. Electroretinography (ERG) reflects the mass response of photoreceptor cells and was used to test the outer retinal function after DM treatment. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to show the retinal morphology and evaluate the rod photoreceptor cell loss. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis-positive cells. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA to show the inflammatory response. Real-time PCR and western blot were applied to measure the gene and protein change to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Results showed that DM significantly improved the retinal function by increasing the ERG amplitude, preserving the retinal morphology, reducing photoreceptor cell apoptosis, decreasing inflammatory response, and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rd10 mice. CONCLUSION This is the first time when the protective effects of DM against photoreceptor cell degeneration of rd10 mice have been demonstrated, providing scientific rationale to develop DM as a potential agent to treat RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Ophthalmology , Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Nan Qi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Zao-Xia Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Juan Zheng
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
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Exploring Seipin: From Biochemistry to Bioinformatics Predictions. Int J Cell Biol 2018; 2018:5207608. [PMID: 30402103 PMCID: PMC6192094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5207608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seipin is a nonenzymatic protein encoded by the BSCL2 gene. It is involved in lipodystrophy and seipinopathy diseases. Named in 2001, all seipin functions are still far from being understood. Therefore, we reviewed much of the research, trying to find a pattern that could explain commonly observed features of seipin expression disorders. Likewise, this review shows how this protein seems to have tissue-specific functions. In an integrative view, we conclude by proposing a theoretical model to explain how seipin might be involved in the triacylglycerol synthesis pathway.
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Felszeghy S, Viiri J, Paterno JJ, Hyttinen JMT, Koskela A, Chen M, Leinonen H, Tanila H, Kivinen N, Koistinen A, Toropainen E, Amadio M, Smedowski A, Reinisalo M, Winiarczyk M, Mackiewicz J, Mutikainen M, Ruotsalainen AK, Kettunen M, Jokivarsi K, Sinha D, Kinnunen K, Petrovski G, Blasiak J, Bjørkøy G, Koskelainen A, Skottman H, Urtti A, Salminen A, Kannan R, Ferrington DA, Xu H, Levonen AL, Tavi P, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Loss of NRF-2 and PGC-1α genes leads to retinal pigment epithelium damage resembling dry age-related macular degeneration. Redox Biol 2018; 20:1-12. [PMID: 30253279 PMCID: PMC6156745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multi-factorial disease that is the leading cause of irreversible and severe vision loss in the developed countries. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of dry AMD involves impaired protein degradation in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). RPE cells are constantly exposed to oxidative stress that may lead to the accumulation of damaged cellular proteins, DNA and lipids and evoke tissue deterioration during the aging process. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the lysosomal/autophagosomal pathway are the two major proteolytic systems in eukaryotic cells. NRF-2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2) and PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha) are master transcription factors in the regulation of cellular detoxification. We investigated the role of NRF-2 and PGC-1α in the regulation of RPE cell structure and function by using global double knockout (dKO) mice. The NRF-2/PGC-1α dKO mice exhibited significant age-dependent RPE degeneration, accumulation of the oxidative stress marker, 4-HNE (4-hydroxynonenal), the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), and damaged mitochondria. Moreover, levels of protein ubiquitination and autophagy markers p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), Beclin-1 and LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) were significantly increased together with the Iba-1 (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1) mononuclear phagocyte marker and an enlargement of RPE size. These histopathological changes of RPE were accompanied by photoreceptor dysmorphology and vision loss as revealed by electroretinography. Consequently, these novel findings suggest that the NRF-2/PGC-1α dKO mouse is a valuable model for investigating the role of proteasomal and autophagy clearance in the RPE and in the development of dry AMD. NRF-2/PGC-1α dKO mouse model shows a dry AMD-like phenotype. Loss of NRF-2/PGC-1α genes increased oxidative and ER stress in RPE cells. High oxidative stress was associated with impaired autophagy and proteasomal clearance. The pathology becomes manifest as an age-related loss of photoreceptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Viiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi J Paterno
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha M T Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mei Chen
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Henri Leinonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niko Kivinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Toropainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mika Reinisalo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Poland; Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Maija Mutikainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Jokivarsi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Debasish Sinha
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kati Kinnunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Centre of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Department of Technology; University College of Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ari Koskelainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ram Kannan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Heping Xu
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Mitochondrial targeting domain of NOXA causes necrosis in apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1707-1717. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McLaughlin T, Dhimal N, Li J, Wang JJ, Zhang SX. p58 IPK Is an Endogenous Neuroprotectant for Retinal Ganglion Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:267. [PMID: 30245625 PMCID: PMC6137320 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p58IPK is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone playing a critical role in facilitating protein folding and protein homeostasis. Previously, we have demonstrated that p58IPK is expressed broadly in retinal neurons including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and loss of p58IPK results in age-related RGC degeneration. In the present study, we investigate the role of p58IPK in neuroprotection by in vitro and in vivo studies using primary RGC culture and two well-established disease-relevant RGC injury models: retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and microbead-induced ocular hypertension. Our results demonstrate that in both in vivo models, p58IPK -/- mice exhibit significantly increased RGC loss compared to wild type (WT) mice. In vitro, p58IPK-deficient RGCs show reduced viability and are more susceptible to cell death induced by the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM). Overexpression of p58IPK by adeno-associated virus (AAV) significantly diminishes TM-induced cell death in both WT and p58IPK -/- RGCs. Interestingly, we find that loss of p58IPK leads to reduced mRNA expression, but not the protein level, of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a neurotrophic factor that resides in the ER. Treatment with recombinant MANF protein protects R28 retinal neural cells and mouse retinal explants from TM-induced cell death. Taken together, our study suggests that p58IPK functions as an endogenous neuroprotectant for RGCs. The mechanisms underlying p58IPK's neuroprotective action and the potential interactions between p58IPK and MANF warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd McLaughlin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Narayan Dhimal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Junhua Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Jianxin Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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63
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Men L, Yu S, Yao J, Li Y, Ren D, Du J. Selenoprotein S protects against adipocyte death through mediation of the IRE1α-sXBP1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2866-2871. [PMID: 30146262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
As the most conserved branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the inositol-requiring enzyme 1a (IRE1a)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway plays crucial roles in cell survival and cell death by upregulating UPR-associated genes involved in protein entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Selenoprotein S (SelS) is localized to the ER membrane and involved in ERAD. Although SelS plays an important role in restoring ER stress, the SelS-dependent protective mechanisms against cell death remain unclear. Here, using an inducible SelS knockdown (KD) 3T3-L1 cell model, we showed that SelS KD resulted adipocyte death, which was associated with imbalance of the Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, SelS KD decreased spliced XBP1 (sXBP1), increased IRE1α and p-JNK, suggesting a role of SelS in the modulation of the IRE1α-sXBP1 pathway. Moreover, adipocyte death induced by SelS suppression can be inhibited by overexpression of sXBP1. Thus, it is proposed that SelS promotes cell survival through the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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64
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Kroeger H, Chiang WC, Felden J, Nguyen A, Lin JH. ER stress and unfolded protein response in ocular health and disease. FEBS J 2018; 286:399-412. [PMID: 29802807 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human eye is the organ that is able to react to light in order to provide sharp three-dimensional and colored images. Unfortunately, the health of the eye can be impacted by various stimuli that can lead to vision loss, such as environmental changes, genetic mutations, or aging. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling have been detected in many diverse ocular diseases, and chemical and genetic approaches to modulate ER stress and specific UPR regulatory molecules have shown beneficial effects in animal models of eye disease. This review highlights specific eye diseases associated with ER stress and UPR activity, based on a recent symposia exploring this theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kroeger
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Chieh Chiang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia Felden
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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65
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Zhang SJ, Xu TT, Li L, Xu YM, Qu ZL, Wang XC, Huang SQ, Luo Y, Luo NC, Lu P, Shi YF, Yang X, Wang Q. Bushen-Yizhi formula ameliorates cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/ER stress pathway in SAMP8 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49338-49350. [PMID: 28521305 PMCID: PMC5564772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese formula Bushen-Yizhi (BSYZ) has been reported to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. However the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we employ an aging model, SAMP8 mice, to explore whether BSYZ could protect dementia through SIRT1/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Morris water maze and the fearing condition test results show that oral administration of BSYZ (1.46 g/kg/d, 2.92 g/kg/d and 5.84 g/kg/d) and donepezil (3 mg/kg/d) shorten the escape latency, increase the crossing times of the original position of the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant, and increase the freezing time. BSYZ decreases the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and increases the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the concentration of acetylcholine (Ach) in both hippocampus and cortex. In addition, western blot results (Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3) and TUNEL staining show that BSYZ prevents neuron from apoptosis, and elevates the expression of neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), postsynapticdensity 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN), in both hippocampus and cortex. BSYZ also increases the protein expression of SIRT1 and alleviates ER stress-associated proteins (PERK, IRE-1α, eIF-2α, BIP, PDI and CHOP). These results indicate that the neuroprotective mechanism of BSYZ might be related with SIRT1/ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yu-Min Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zi-Ling Qu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shui-Qing Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Na-Chuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ya-Fei Shi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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67
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Ding Y, Chow SH, Liu GS, Wang B, Lin TW, Hsu HY, Duff AP, Le Brun AP, Shen HH. Annexin V-containing cubosomes for targeted early detection of apoptosis in degenerative retinal tissue. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7652-7661. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ANX–PS–Phy cubosomes could be applied as a safe and robust drug delivery vehicle for targeting damaged, apoptotic cells in ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Seong Hoong Chow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
- Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia
| | - Bo Wang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong
- Shenzhen 518057
| | - Anthony P. Duff
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Lucas Heights
- Australia
| | - Anton P. Le Brun
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Lucas Heights
- Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
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68
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Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Abbasi M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1018-1035. [PMID: 29676228 PMCID: PMC6120108 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a major feature of glaucoma pathology. Neuroprotective approaches that delay or halt the progression of RGC loss are needed to prevent vision loss which can occur even after conventional medical or surgical treatments to lower intraocular pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the progress in genetics and cellular mechanisms associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, RGC dysfunction and cell death pathways in glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the involvement of neurotrophins like brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB) in glaucoma. The role of ER stress markers in human and animal retinas in health and disease conditions is also discussed. Further, we analysed the literature highlighting genetic linkage in the context of primary open angle glaucoma and suggested mechanistic insights into potential therapeutic options relevant to glaucoma management. RESULTS The literature review of the neurobiology underlying neurotrophin pathways, ER stress and gene associations provide critical insights into association of RGCs death in glaucoma. Alteration in signalling pathway is associated with increased risk of misfolded protein aggregation in ER promoting RGC apoptosis. Several genes that are linked with neurotrophin signalling pathways have been reported to be associated with glaucoma pathology. CONCLUSION Understanding genetic heterogeneity and involvement of neurotrophin biology in glaucoma could help to understand the complex pathophysiology of glaucoma. Identification of novel molecular targets will be critical for drug development and provide neuroprotection to the RGCs and optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 75, Talavera Road, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Tel: +61-298502760; E-mail:
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69
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Knockdown of GRP78 enhances cell death by cisplatin and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:726-33. [PMID: 27254284 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy and adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy are the mainstream approaches in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). These have been shown to effectively improve the outcome and reduce tumor recurrence. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance during the course of treatment has become more common recently, resulting in the failure of NPC therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies or adjuvant drugs are urgently needed. The current study was designed to look for new treatment strategies or auxiliary drugs in the treatment of NPC. Two human NPC cell lines, HNE1 and HNE1/DDP, were used to examine the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and cisplatin (DDP). Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Meanwhile, propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI/Annexin V staining were used to observe cell apoptosis. Finally, western blot was used to detect the endogenous expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and other apoptosis-related proteins. GRP78 small interference RNA was transfected using Lipofectamine 2000. Compared with HNE1/DDP, IR and DDP increased the cell apoptosis and inhibited the cell proliferation of HNE1. Inhibition of GRP78 can reverse IR and DDP resistance in NPC cells by PI/Annexin V staining. Knockdown of GRP78 upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulates the expression of antiapoptotic proteins. These results indicate that HNE1 is more sensitive to DDP and IR than HNE1/DDP. Knockdown GRP78 can reverse IR and DDP resistance in NPC cells. Inhibition of GRP78 gives us a new target to overcome resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of NPC cells. Thus, this study should be further explored in vivo and assessed for possible clinical applications.
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70
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Sodium fluoride (NaF) induces the splenic apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in vivo and in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3552-3567. [PMID: 28039491 PMCID: PMC5270686 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, there are no reports on the relationship between fluoride-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ER stress) in the spleen of human and animals in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced apoptosis mediated by ER stress in the spleen of mice in vivo and in vitro. Apoptosis and expression levels of the ER stress-related proteins were detected by flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. The results showed that NaF treatment increased lymphocytes apoptosis, which was consistent with NaF-caused ER Stress. NaF-caused ER stress was characterized by up-regulating protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (BiP) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), and by activating unfolded protein response (UPR). The signaling pathway of ER stress-associated apoptosis was activated by up-regulating protein expression levels of cleaved cysteine aspartate specific protease-12 (cleaved caspase-12), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153/CHOP) and phosphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). Additionally, our in vitro study found that apoptotic rate was decreased with remarkable down-regulation of the cleaved caspase-12, CHOP, p-JNK after ER stress was inhibited by 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) treatment. In conclusion, NaF-induced apoptosis may mediated by ER stress in the spleen.
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Gu Y, Chen J, Meng Z, Yao J, Ge W, Chen K, Cheng S, Fu J, Peng L, Zhao Y. Diazoxide prevents H 2O 2-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1886-1894. [PMID: 28968949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease affecting elderly individuals. Its incidence rises sharply with age, and chondrocyte apoptosis plays a vital role in its pathogenesis. Diazoxide opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels and exerts multiple pharmacological effects, including reductions in blood pressure and blood sugar levels. It also exerts anti-apoptotic activities, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which diazoxide inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis are unknown, as is whether apoptosis is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying the chondroprotective effect of diazoxide on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis in rats with surgically induced OA. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that the viability of H2O2-stimulated chondrocytes was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. However, at a concentration ≥400μM, diazoxide had other, negative effects. The protective effect of diazoxide in vitro included inhibition of the ERS response and of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by H2O2 stimulation. These responses were related to activation of the PERK1/2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways; the prevention of chondrocyte apoptosis; the down-regulation of caspase-3, Bax, ATF-6 and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression; and the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Col II. In vivo, histological and immunohistochemical analyses of caspase-3 and CHOP expression revealed that diazoxide ameliorated cartilage degeneration in a rat model of OA, as revealed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of caspase-3 and CHOP expression. Diazoxide suppressed H2O2-triggered chondrocyte apoptosis, and ameliorated cartilage degeneration, by inhibiting the development of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunTao Gu
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - ZhuLong Meng
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China
| | - JiangLing Yao
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China
| | - WanYu Ge
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, HeFei City, Anhui Province 230000, China
| | - KeWei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - ShaoWen Cheng
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province 570100, China.
| | - YingZheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
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Kang K, Yu M. Protective effect of sulforaphane against retinal degeneration in the Pde6 rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1684-1688. [PMID: 28937835 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1358371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited diseases characterized by the death of rod photoreceptors, followed by the death of cone photoreceptors, progressively leading to partial or complete blindness. Currently no specific treatment is available for RP patients. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been confirmed to be an effective antioxidant in the treatment of many diseases. In this study, we tested the therapeutic effects of SFN against photoreceptor degeneration in Pde6brd10 mice. METHODS rd10 mice and C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) mice were treated with SFN and saline, respectively, from P6 to P20. Electroretinography (ERG), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and western blot were tested, respectively, at P21 for the analysis of retinal function, retinal cell apoptosis or death and the protein express of GRP78/BiP (TUNEL) as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. RESULTS Compared with the saline group, the SFN-treated group showed significantly higher ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, less photoreceptor death, and the downregulation of GRP78/BiP. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that SFN ameliorated the retinal degeneration of rd10 mice, which is possibly related to the downregulation of GRP78 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- a Department of Ophthalmic Research , Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH 44195 , USA
| | - Minzhong Yu
- a Department of Ophthalmic Research , Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH 44195 , USA.,b Department of Ophthalmology , Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH 44195 , USA
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Palmitate induces myocardial lipotoxic injury via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6934-6939. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Protective Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RPE Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1675230. [PMID: 28814984 PMCID: PMC5549471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1675230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe and irreversible vision loss and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina resulting in loss of central vision. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical site of pathology of AMD. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum which lie in close anatomic proximity to each other are targets of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, respectively, and contribute to the progression of AMD. The two organelles exhibit close interactive function via various signaling mechanisms. Evidence for ER-mitochondrial crosstalk in RPE under ER stress and signaling pathways of apoptotic cell death is presented. The role of humanin (HN), a prominent member of a newly discovered family of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) expressed from an open reading frame of mitochondrial 16S rRNA, in modulation of ER and oxidative stress in RPE is discussed. HN protected RPE cells from oxidative and ER stress-induced cell death by upregulation of mitochondrial GSH, inhibition of ROS generation, and caspase 3 and 4 activation. The underlying mechanisms of ER-mitochondrial crosstalk and modulation by exogenous HN are discussed. The therapeutic use of HN and related MDPs could potentially prove to be a valuable approach for treatment of AMD.
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75
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Jiang X, Wei Y, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Qiu S, Zhou X, Zhang S. Effects of GSK2606414 on cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated gene expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3105-3110. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lin Z, Hu Y, Wang Z, Pan S, Zhang H, Ye L, Zhang H, Fang M, Jiang H, Ye J, Xiao J, Liu L. Intranasal basic fibroblast growth factor attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and brain injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic injury. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:275-288. [PMID: 28337259 PMCID: PMC5340666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury secondary to birth asphyxia is the major cause of death and long-term disability in newborns. Intranasal drug administration enables agents to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the brain directly. In this study, we determined whether intranasal basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could exert neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury and assessed whether attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was associated with these neuroprotective effects. Rats were subjected to HI brain injury via unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia and then treated with intranasal bFGF or vehicle immediately after HI injury. We found that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was strongly activated after HI injury and that bFGF significantly reduced the levels of the ER stress signalling proteins GRP78 and PDI. bFGF also decreased brain infarction volumes and conferred long-term neuroprotective effects against brain atrophy and neuron loss after HI brain injury. Taken together, our results suggest that intranasal bFGF provides neuroprotection function partly by inhibiting HI injury-induced ER stress. bFGF may have potential as a therapy for human neonates after birth asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libing Ye
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Ye
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical CollegeGanzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Park SI, Lee EH, Kim SR, Jang YP. Anti-apoptotic effects of Curcuma longa L. extract and its curcuminoids against blue light-induced cytotoxicity in A2E-laden human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:334-340. [PMID: 28155996 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate the protective effect of the Curcuma longa L. extract (CLE) and its curcuminoids against blue light-induced cytotoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells laded with A2E. A2E has been concerned in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS To perform this study, A2E-accumulated ARPE-19 cells were exposed to blue light to induce cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity and apoptotic gene expression levels were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Curcuma longa L. extract was found to exert a protective effect in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 15 μm, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin exerted significant protective effects against blue light-induced cytotoxicity. Treatment with CLE and curcuminoids meaningfully reduced the mRNA levels of c-Abl and p53, which was known to be augmented in apoptotic RPE cells. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found to inhibit p38 expression, which is increased in blue light-irradiated A2E-accumulated RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS Curcuma longa L. extract and its curcuminoids provided significant protection against photooxidative damage and apoptosis in the RPE cells. Our results suggest that curcuminoids may show potential in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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A critical role of DDRGK1 in endoplasmic reticulum homoeostasis via regulation of IRE1α stability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14186. [PMID: 28128204 PMCID: PMC5290148 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis induces ER stress and leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is an adaptive reaction that promotes cell survival or triggers apoptosis, when homoeostasis is not restored. DDRGK1 is an ER membrane protein and a critical component of the ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) system. However, the functions and mechanisms of DDRGK1 in ER homoeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that depletion of DDRGK1 induces ER stress and enhances ER stress-induced apoptosis in both cancer cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Depletion of DDRGK1 represses IRE1α-XBP1 signalling and activates the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP apoptotic pathway by targeting the ER-stress sensor IRE1α. We further demonstrate that DDRGK1 regulates IRE1α protein stability via its interaction with the kinase domain of IRE1α, which is dependent on its ufmylation modification. Altogether, our results provide evidence that DDRGK1 is essential for ER homoeostasis regulation. DDRGK1 is an ER membrane protein that is subject to Ufm1 modification, but its function in ER homeostasis is unknown. Here, the authors show that ufmylated DDRGK1 interacts with and stabilizes the ER-stress sensor protein IRE1a, in turn repressing ER stress and apoptosis.
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Neuroprotective Strategy in Retinal Degeneration: Suppressing ER Stress-Induced Cell Death via Inhibition of the mTOR Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010201. [PMID: 28106827 PMCID: PMC5297831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is a specialized sensory organ, which is essential for light detection and visual formation in the human eye. Inherited retinal degenerations are a heterogeneous group of eye diseases that can eventually cause permanent vision loss. UPR (unfolded protein response) and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress plays an important role in the pathological mechanism of retinal degenerative diseases. mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase, as a signaling hub, controls many cellular processes, covering protein synthesis, RNA translation, ER stress, and apoptosis. Here, the hypothesis that inhibition of mTOR signaling suppresses ER stress-induced cell death in retinal degenerative disorders is discussed. This review surveys knowledge of the influence of mTOR signaling on ER stress arising from misfolded proteins and genetic mutations in retinal degenerative diseases and highlights potential neuroprotective strategies for treatment and therapeutic implications.
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80
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Chung YR, Choi JA, Koh JY, Yoon YH. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Retinal Pericyte Loss in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1763292. [PMID: 28127564 PMCID: PMC5239976 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1763292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pericytes, an early hallmark of diabetic retinopathy (DR), results in breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be involved in this process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a known ameliorator of ER stress, on pericyte loss in DR of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. To assess the extent of DR, the integrity of retinal vessels and density of retinal capillaries in STZ-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. Additionally, induction of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were assessed in diabetic mice and human retinal pericytes exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGE) or modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Fluorescein dye leakage during angiography and retinal capillary density were improved in UDCA-treated diabetic mice, compared to the nontreated diabetic group. Among the UPR markers, those involved in the protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway were increased, while UDCA attenuated UPR in STZ-induced diabetic mice as well as AGE- or mLDL-exposed retinal pericytes in culture. Consequently, vascular integrity was improved and pericyte loss reduced in the retina of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that UDCA might be effective in protecting against DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Ri Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Choi
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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81
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Yin L, Dai Y, Cui Z, Jiang X, Liu W, Han F, Lin A, Cao J, Liu J. The regulation of cellular apoptosis by the ROS-triggered PERK/EIF2α/chop pathway plays a vital role in bisphenol A-induced male reproductive toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 314:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roles of Grp78 in Female Mammalian Reproduction. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 222:129-155. [PMID: 28389754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51409-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) also referred to as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (Bip) is one of the best characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone proteins, which belongs to the heat-shock protein (HSP) family. GRP78 as a central regulator of ER stress (ERS) plays many important roles in cell survival and apoptosis through controlling the activation of transmembrane ERS sensors: PKR-like ER-associated kinase (PERK), inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Many studies have reported that GRP78 is involved in the physiological and pathological process in female reproduction, including follicular development, corpus luteum (CL), oviduct, uterus, embryo, preimplantation development, implantation/decidualization, and the placenta. The present review summarizes the biological or pathological roles and signaling mechanisms of GRP78 during the reproductive processes. Further study on the functions and mechanisms of GRP78 may provide new insight into mammalian reproduction, which not only enhance the understanding of the physiological roles but also support therapy target against infertility.
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83
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Chen S, Liu J, Liu L, Liu G, Wang F, Jiang W, Zhang C, Wang S, Yuan X. Caspase-12 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Apoptosis 2016; 21:432-42. [PMID: 26801321 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mandibular growth, which is caused by a variety of functional appliances, is considered to be the result of both neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptosis plays an important role in the adaptation of skeletal muscle function. However, the underlying mechanism of apoptosis that is induced by stretch continues to be incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), a newly defined signaling pathway, initiates apoptosis. This study seeks to determine if caspase-12 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in myoblast and its underlying mechanism. Apoptosis was assessed by Hochest staining, DAPI staining and annexin V binding and PI staining. ER chaperones, such as GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12, were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Furthermore, caspase-12 inhibitor was used to value the mechanism of the caspase-12 pathway. Apoptosis of myoblast, which is subjected to cyclic stretch, was observed in a time-dependent manner. We found that GRP78 mRNA and protein were significantly increased and CHOP and caspase-12 were activated in myoblast that was exposed to cyclic stretch. Caspase-12 inhibition reduced stretch-induced apoptosis, and caspase-12 activated caspase-3 to induce apoptosis. We concluded that caspase-12 played an important role in stretch-induced apoptosis that is associated by endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Chen
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- People's of Weifang Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital in Qingdao Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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84
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Hwang N, Kwon MY, Cha JB, Chung SW, Woo JM. Tunicamycin-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Upregulates the Expression of Pentraxin 3 in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016; 30:468-478. [PMID: 27980366 PMCID: PMC5156621 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.30.6.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the production of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in response to tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its role in ER stress-associated cell death, PTX3 expression was evaluated in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. METHODS PTX3 production in ARPE-19 cells was analyzed in the absence or presence of tunicamycin treatment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PTX3 protein and mRNA levels were estimated using western blot analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Protein and mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ARPE-19 cell viability were measured in the presence of tunicamycin-induced ER stress in control or PTX3 small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transfected ARPE-19 cells. RESULTS The protein and mRNA levels of PTX3 were found to be significantly increased by tunicamycin treatment. PTX3 production was significantly decreased in inositol-requiring enzyme 1α shRNA-transfected ARPE-19 cells compared to control shRNA-transfected cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with the NF-κB inhibitor abolished tunicamycin-induced PTX3 production. Decreased cell viability and prolonged protein and mRNA expression of CHOP were observed under tunicamycin-induced ER stress in PTX3 shRNA transfected ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PTX3 production increased in the presence of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Therefore, PTX3 could be an important protector of ER stress-induced cell death in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and the NF-κB signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for regulation of PTX3 expression in the retina. Therefore, their role in PTX3 expression needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Bong Cha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Je Moon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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85
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Wang YF, Zhang T, Liang XJ. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Lighting up Cells, Revealing Life! SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6451-6477. [PMID: 27592595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolism and dynamic biological events in cells, as well as physiological functions and pathological changes in organisms, is the major goal of biological investigations. It will improve our capability to diagnose and treat diseases, and will enhance personalized medicine. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool that plays an essential role in acquiring the comprehensive knowledge necessary to help reach this goal. Fluorescent molecules are crucial factors for obtaining high quality images. In contrast to conventional fluorogens with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, molecules that show aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect open up new avenues for fluorescence imaging. So far, a large variety of AIE probes have been developed and applied to bioimaging because of their outstanding characteristics, such as high fluorescence efficiency, excellent photostability and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this review, recent advances in AIE-based probes for biomedical imaging of intracellular microenvironments, natural macromolecules, subcellular organelles, intracellular processes, living tissues, and diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of diseases in vivo are summarized. It is hoped that this review generates great research enthusiasm for AIE-based bioimaging, in order to promote the development of promising AIE probes and guide us to a better understanding of the biological essence of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingbin Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Fu P, Wu Q, Hu J, Li T, Gao F. Baclofen Protects Primary Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells from Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis Through the Akt and PERK Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:255. [PMID: 27867349 PMCID: PMC5095369 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) consume large quantities of energy to convert light information into a neuronal signal, which makes them highly susceptible to hypoxic injury. This study aimed to investigate the potential protection by baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist of RGCs against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was applied to mimic hypoxia. Primary rat RGCs were subjected to CoCl2 with or without baclofen treatment, and RNA interference techniques were used to knock down the GABAB2 gene in the primary RGCs. The viability and apoptosis of RGCs were assessed using cell viability and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays, Hoechst staining, and flow cytometry. The expression of cleaved caspase-3, bcl-2, bax, Akt, phospho-Akt, protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-PERK, eIF2α, phospho-eIF2α, ATF-4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were measured using western blotting. GABAB2 mRNA expression was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Our study revealed that CoCl2 significantly induced RGC apoptosis and that baclofen reversed these effects. CoCl2-induced reduction of Akt activity was also reversed by baclofen. Baclofen prevented the activation of the PERK pathway and the increase in CHOP expression induced by CoCl2. Knockdown of GABAB2 and the inactivation of the Akt pathway by inhibitors reduced the protective effect of baclofen on CoCl2-treated RGCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that baclofen protects RGCs from CoCl2-induced apoptosis by increasing Akt activity and by suppressing the PERK pathway and CHOP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Jianyan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
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87
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Choudhari JK, Choubey J, Patel A, Verma MK. Molecular modeling and simulation analysis of glaucoma pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-016-0136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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88
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Zhang J, Fan Y, Zeng C, He L, Wang N. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100589. [PMID: 27669287 PMCID: PMC5083977 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular injury is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in diabetic nephropathy. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an effective inhibitor of ER stress. Here, we investigated the role of TUDCA in the progression of tubular injury in DN. For eight weeks, being treated with TUDCA at 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) twice a day, diabetic db/db mice had significantly reduced blood glucose, albuminuria and attenuated renal histopathology. These changes were associated with a significant decreased expression of ER stress markers. At the same time, diabetic db/db mice had more TUNEL-positive nuclei in the renal tubule, which were attenuated by TUDCA treatment, along with decreases in ER stress-associated apoptotic markers in the kidneys. In summary, the effect of TUDCA on tubular injury, in part, is associated with inhibition of ER stress in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. TUDCA shows potential as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Chuchu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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89
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Zhong J, Xu C, Gabbay-Benziv R, Lin X, Yang P. Superoxide dismutase 2 overexpression alleviates maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects, restores mitochondrial function and suppresses cellular stress in diabetic embryopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:234-44. [PMID: 27130031 PMCID: PMC4912469 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes disrupts neurulation leading to neural tube defects (NTDs). Oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a central role in the induction of NTD formation in diabetic pregnancies. We aimed to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction increases ROS production leading to oxidative stress and diabetic embryopathy. Overexpression of the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model significantly reduced maternal diabetes-induced NTDs. SOD2 overexpression abrogated maternal diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, reducing the number of defective mitochondria in neuroepithelial cells, and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, SOD2 overexpression blocked maternal diabetes-increased ROS production by diminishing dihydroethidium staining signals in the developing neuroepithelium, and reducing the levels of nitrotyrosine-modified proteins and lipid hydroperoxide level in neurulation stage embryos. SOD2 overexpression also abolished maternal diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, caspase-dependent neuroepithelial cell apoptosis enhanced by oxidative stress was significantly reduced by SOD2 overexpression. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction in the developing neuroepithelium enhances ROS production, which leads to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SOD2 overexpression blocks maternal diabetes-induced oxidative stress and ER stress, and reduces the incidence of NTDs in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Ding W, Cai Y, Wang W, Ji L, Dong Y, Zhang X, Su M, Liu J, Lu G, Zhang X. Adiponectin protects the kidney against chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sleep Breath 2016; 20:1069-74. [PMID: 26993339 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-016-1321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study was carried out to assess the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the kidney, the intervention roles of adiponectin (Ad), and the associated mechanisms. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control (NC), normal control plus Ad supplement (NC + Ad), CIH, and CIH plus Ad supplement (CIH + Ad) groups. The rats in both CIH and CIH + Ad groups were submitted to a CIH environment for 4 months, while the rats in NC and NC + Ad groups were housed with the normal air for 4 months. In addition, the rats in NC + Ad and CIH + Ad groups were treated with an intravenous injection of Ad at a dosage of 10 μg per injection, twice a week, for four successive months. RESULTS The production level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as the cell apoptosis level in kidney, were all higher in the CIH group than in the NC and NC + Ad groups (all p < 0.05). However, the ROS production, the protein of ER stress, and cell apoptosis levels in kidney were all lower in the CIH + Ad group than those in the CIH group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ad could protect against CIH-induced renal cell apoptosis through inhibiting ROS-related ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuanpei Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lingling Ji
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mei Su
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, 42 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, 42 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xilong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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91
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Lobo GP, Au A, Kiser PD, Hagstrom SA. Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in TULP1 Induced Retinal Degeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151806. [PMID: 26987071 PMCID: PMC4795779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) result in severe visual impairments in children and adults. A challenge in the field of retinal degenerations is identifying mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death related to specific genetic mutations. Mutations in the gene TULP1 have been associated with two forms of IRDs, early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). TULP1 is a cytoplasmic, membrane-associated protein shown to be involved in transportation of newly synthesized proteins destined for the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells; however, how mutant TULP1 causes cell death is not understood. In this study, we provide evidence that common missense mutations in TULP1 express as misfolded protein products that accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causing prolonged ER stress. In an effort to maintain protein homeostasis, photoreceptor cells then activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) complex. Our results indicate that the two major apoptotic arms of the UPR pathway, PERK and IRE1, are activated. Additionally, we show that retinas expressing mutant TULP1 significantly upregulate the expression of CHOP, a UPR signaling protein promoting apoptosis, and undergo photoreceptor cell death. Our study demonstrates that the ER-UPR, a known mechanism of apoptosis secondary to an overwhelming accumulation of misfolded protein, is involved in photoreceptor degeneration caused by missense mutations in TULP1. These observations suggest that modulating the UPR pathways might be a strategy for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Adrian Au
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Hagstrom
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang T, Zhang SJ, Cao SL, Guo WZ, Yan B, Fang HB. Protective effects of salubrinal on liver injury in rat models of brain death. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1523-8. [PMID: 26021511 PMCID: PMC4733771 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.157684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in and mediates liver injury and apoptosis in brain-dead (BD) rats. In this study, we observed the effect of salubrinal (Sal, Sigma, USA) on liver cells in BD rats and explored its relevant mechanisms. Methods: Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were equally randomized into three groups: BD group, Sal group, and DMSO group. The BD models were established by increasing intracranial pressure in a modified, slow, and intermittent way. In the drug groups, Sal was administered 1 h before the induction of BD. After modeling was completed, the blood and liver samples were harvested. CHOP and Caspase-12 mRNA expression was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), P-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), eIF2α, CHOP and caspase-12 expression was detected using western blotting (WB). CHOP and caspase-12 distribution and expression in liver tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hepatic cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL. The results were analyzed using Quantity-one v4.62 software (Bio-Rad, USA). Results: CHOP and caspase-12 expression and PERK, eIF2α, and P-eIF2α protein expression showed no significant difference between BD group and DMSO group. Compared with BD group, Sal group had a significantly higher P-eIF2C level and a lower P-PERK level 2 h and 6 h after BD (P < 0.05). However, eIF2α expression showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). After the Sal treatment, CHOP and caspase-12 mRNA expression significantly decreased 4 h after BD (P < 0.05). WB and IHC indicated that CHOP and caspase-12 expression also significantly decreased after Sal treatment. Sal was associated with improved liver function and decreased hepatic cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Sal can significantly reduce apoptosis in hepatic cells of BD rats. This protective effect may be achieved via the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Carnosic acid slows photoreceptor degeneration in the Pde6b(rd10) mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22632. [PMID: 26961159 PMCID: PMC4785376 DOI: 10.1038/srep22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoreceptor cell death associated with the various genetic forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is currently untreatable and leads to partial or complete vision loss. Carnosic acid (CA) upregulates endogenous antioxidant enzymes and has proven neuroprotective in studies of neurodegenerative models affecting the brain. In this study, we examined the potential effect of CA on photoreceptor death in the Pde6brd10 mouse model of RP. Our data shows that CA provided morphological and functional preservation of photoreceptors. CA appears to exert its neuroprotective effects through inhibition of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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King YA, Chiu YJ, Chen HP, Kuo DH, Lu CC, Yang JS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to arsenic trioxide-induced intrinsic apoptosis in human umbilical and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:314-328. [PMID: 25258189 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide is an old drug and has been used for a long time in traditional Chinese and Western medicines. However, the cancer treatment of arsenic trioxide has heart and vascular toxicity. The cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide and its molecular mechanism in human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSC) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC-bm) were investigated in this study. Our results showed that arsenic trioxide significantly reduced the viability of HUMSC and HMSC-bm in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Arsenic trioxide is able to induce apoptotic cell death in HUMSC and HMSC-bm, as shown from the results of morphological examination, flow cytometric analyses, DAPI staining and comet assay. The appearance of arsenic trioxide also led to an increase of intracellular free calcium (Ca(2+) ) concentration and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were time-dependently increased in arsenic trioxide-treated HUMSC and HMSC-bm. In addition, the proteomic analysis and DNA microarray were carried out to investigate the expression level changes of genes and proteins affected by arsenic trioxide treatment in HUMSC. Our results suggest that arsenic trioxide induces a prompt induction of ER stress and mitochondria-modulated apoptosis in HUMSC and HMSC-bm. A framework was proposed for the effect of arsenic trioxide cytotoxicity by targeting ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-An King
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ophiopogonin D maintains Ca2+ homeostasis in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro by upregulating CYP2J3/EETs and suppressing ER stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:368-81. [PMID: 26838069 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM CYP2J3 in myocardium metabolizes arachidonic acid to 4 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have diverse biological activities in rat heart. In this study we examined whether CYP2J3 was involved in cardioprotective effects of ophiopogonin D (OPD), a steroidal glycoside isolated from Chinese herb Radix ophiopogonis. METHODS Rat cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2 cells) was tested. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured using Fluo-4/AM. The expression of calcium-regulating molecules and ER stress signaling molecules was measured with qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Cell apoptosis was quantified with Hoechst 33258 staining and TUNEL assay. The level of 14,15-DHET, a stable metabolite of 14,15-EET, was assessed with ELISA. RESULTS Angiotensin II (10(-6) mol/L) significantly decreased the expression of calcium-regulating molecules (SERCA2a, PLB, RyR2 and FKBP12.6), and elevated [Ca(2+)]i in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, angiotensin II markedly increased the expression of ER stress signaling molecules (GRP78, CHOP, p-JNK and cleaved caspase-12) and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. OPD (100, 250 and 500 nmol/L) dose-dependently increased CYP2J3 expression and 14,15-DHET levels in normal H9c2 cells. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with OPD suppressed angiotensin II-induced abnormalities in Ca(2+) homeostasis, ER stress responses and apoptosis. Overexpression of CYP2J3 or addition of exogenous 14,15-EET also prevented angiotensin II-induced abnormalities in Ca(2+) homeostasis, whereas transfection with CYP2J3 siRNA diminished the effects of OPD on Ca(2+) homeostasis. Furthermore, the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA suppressed angiotensin II-induced ER stress responses and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION OPD is a novel CYP2J3 inducer that may offer a therapeutic benefit in treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER stress.
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Afrin R, Arumugam S, Wahed MII, Pitchaimani V, Karuppagounder V, Sreedhar R, Harima M, Suzuki H, Miyashita S, Nakamura T, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Watanabe K. Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Liver Damage by Mulberry Leaf Diet in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:87-101. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Although antidiabetic use of mulberry leaves (MLs) has been popular due to their many anti-oxidative flavonoid compounds and free radical scavenging effects, ML’s effects on ERS in experimental diabetic hepatocyte injury remain unknown. To investigate how ML affect ERS in diabetic liver, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to induce diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) and fed with either normal chow or a diet containing 25% mulberry leaf powder diet (MLD) and examined for 56 days. We observed that MLD improved the rats’ morphological and histopathological changes. Levels of ERS markers such as phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and the protein expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were significantly higher in the diabetic liver compared to normal liver. MLD for 8 weeks significantly reduced all of these markers. MLD also significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic macrophage recruitment, cellular infiltration, and CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), interleukin 1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]) and sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1c (SREBP 1c) levels in diabetic liver. These results may suggest that MLs can preserve hepatic function in experimental diabetes by modulating ERS mediated apoptosis and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina Afrin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Mir Imam Ibne Wahed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Vigneshwaran Pitchaimani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Lobo GP, Ebke LA, Au A, Hagstrom SA. TULP1 Missense Mutations Induces the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response Stress Complex (ER-UPR). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:223-30. [PMID: 26427415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the TULP1 gene are associated with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP); however, the molecular mechanisms related to the deleterious effects of TULP1 mutations remains unknown. Several studies have shown that misfolded proteins secondary to genetic mutations can accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) complex followed by cellular apoptosis. We hypothesize that TULP1 mutations produce misfolded protein products that accumulate in the ER and induce cellular apoptosis via the UPR. To test our hypothesis, we first performed three in-silico analyses of TULP1 missense mutations (I459K, R420P and F491L), which predicted misfolded protein products. Subsequently, the three mutant TULP1-GFP constructs and wild-type (wt) TULP1-GFP were transiently transfected into hTERT-RPE-1 cells. Staining of cells using ER tracker followed by confocal microscopy showed wt-TULP1 localized predominantly to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. In contrast, all three mutant TULP1 proteins revealed cytoplasmic punctate staining which co-localized with the ER. Furthermore, western blot analysis of cells expressing mutant TULP1 proteins revealed induction of downstream targets of the ER-UPR complex, including BiP/GPR-78, phosphorylated-PERK (Thr980) and CHOP. Our in-vitro analyses suggest that mutant TULP1 proteins are misfolded and accumulate within the ER leading to induction of the UPR stress response complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn P Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmic Research-i31, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Lindsey A Ebke
- Department of Ophthalmic Research-i31, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Adrian Au
- Department of Ophthalmic Research-i31, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Hagstrom
- Department of Ophthalmic Research-i31, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhong J, Reece EA, Yang P. Punicalagin exerts protective effect against high glucose-induced cellular stress and neural tube defects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:179-84. [PMID: 26453010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes-induced birth defects remain a significant health problem. Studying the effect of natural compounds with antioxidant properties and minimal toxicities on diabetic embryopathy may lead to the development of new and safe dietary supplements. Punicalagin is a primary polyphenol found in pomegranate juice, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, suggesting a protective effect of punicalagin on diabetic embryopathy. Here, we examined whether punicalagin could reduce high glucose-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), and if this rescue occurs through blockage of cellular stress and caspase activation. Embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) mouse embryos were cultured for 24 or 36 h with normal (5 mM) glucose or high glucose (16.7 mM), in presence or absence of 10 or 20 μM punicalagin. 10 μM punicalagin slightly reduced NTD formation under high glucose conditions; however, 20 μM punicalagin significantly inhibited high glucose-induced NTD formation. Punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-modified proteins, and lipid peroxides. Moreover, punicalagin abrogated endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase ribonucleic acid (RNA)-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring protein-1α (p-IRE1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing. Additionally, punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage. Punicalagin reduces high glucose-induced NTD formation by blocking cellular stress and caspase activation. These observations suggest punicalagin supplements could mitigate the teratogenic effects of hyperglycemia in the developing embryo, and possibly prevent diabetes-induced NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Glucotoxic and diabetic conditions induce caspase 6-mediated degradation of nuclear lamin A in human islets, rodent islets and INS-1 832/13 cells. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1691-701. [PMID: 25292013 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins form the lamina on the interior surface of the nuclear envelope, and regulate nuclear metabolic events, including DNA replication and organization of chromatin. The current study is aimed at understanding the role of executioner caspase 6 on lamin A integrity in islet β-cells under duress of glucotoxic (20 mM glucose; 24 h) and diabetic conditions. Under glucotoxic conditions, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and metabolic cell viability were significantly attenuated in INS-1 832/13 cells. Further, exposure of normal human islets, rat islets and INS-1 832/13 cells to glucotoxic conditions leads to caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, which is also observed in islets from the Zucker diabetic fatty rat, a model for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and in islets from a human donor with T2D. Z-Val-Glu-Ile-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a specific inhibitor of caspase 6, markedly attenuated high glucose-induced caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, confirming that caspase 6 mediates lamin A degradation under high glucose exposure conditions. Moreover, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a known caspase 3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited high glucose-induced caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, suggesting that activation of caspase 3 might be upstream to caspase 6 activation in the islet β-cell under glucotoxic conditions. Lastly, we report expression of ZMPSTE24, a zinc metallopeptidase involved in the processing of prelamin A to mature lamin A, in INS-1 832/13 cells and human islets; was unaffected by high glucose. We conclude that caspases 3 and 6 could contribute to alterations in the integrity of nuclear lamins leading to metabolic dysregulation and failure of the islet β-cell.
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Coucha M, Elshaer SL, Eldahshan WS, Mysona BA, El-Remessy AB. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy: potential therapeutic targets. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22:135-44. [PMID: 25949069 PMCID: PMC4411608 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.154386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in United States. Research indicates an association between oxidative stress and the development of diabetes complications. However, clinical trials with general antioxidants have failed to prove effective in diabetic patients. Mounting evidence from experimental studies that continue to elucidate the damaging effects of oxidative stress and inflammation in both vascular and neural retina suggest its critical role in the pathogenesis of DR. This review will outline the current management of DR as well as present potential experimental therapeutic interventions, focusing on molecules that link oxidative stress to inflammation to provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment or prevention of DR. Understanding the biochemical changes and the molecular events under diabetic conditions could provide new effective therapeutic tools to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Coucha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA ; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Georgia, USA ; Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Sally L Elshaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA ; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Georgia, USA ; Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Wael S Eldahshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA ; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Georgia, USA ; Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara A Mysona
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA ; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Georgia, USA ; Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA ; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Georgia, USA ; Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
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