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Singhal A, Kumar M, Bhattacharya M, Kumari N, Jha PK, Chauhan DK, Thakur IS. Pretreatment of Leucaena leucocephala wood by acidified glycerol: optimization, severity index and correlation analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:214-223. [PMID: 29902654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Leucaena leucocephala wood was pretreated with aqueous glycerol having H2SO4 as the catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to optimize the process parameters, catalyst concentration (1-3%), duration (120-300 min) and temperature (100-150 °C). ANN gave more accurate predictions for total reducing sugar yield than RSM. ANN also had lower values for error functions. Severity index (SI) was calculated based on the temperature, duration and catalyst concentration. Increase in SI from 0.21 * 103 to 2.06 * 103 increased total reducing sugar (TRS) production from 39.97 g/kg to 321.8 g/kg. Further increase in SI reduced the TRS and this change positively correlates with the loss of cellulose content. Correlation analysis showed that severity index can also be used to describe pretreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singhal
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Mallika Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Neeta Kumari
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Centre of Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | | | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Application of the Severity Factor and HMF Removal of Red Macroalgae Gracilaria verrucosa to Production of Bioethanol by Pichia stipitis and Kluyveromyces marxianus with Adaptive Evolution. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1312-1327. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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53
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A Biorefinery Cascade Conversion of Hemicellulose-Free Eucalyptus Globulus Wood: Production of Concentrated Levulinic Acid Solutions for γ-Valerolactone Sustainable Preparation. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were subjected to preliminary aqueous processing to remove water-soluble extractives and hemicelluloses, and the resulting solid (mainly made up of cellulose and lignin) was employed as a substrate for converting the cellulosic fraction into mixtures of levulinic and formic acid through a sulfuric acid-catalyzed reaction. These runs were carried out in a microwave-heated reactor at different temperatures and reaction times, operating in single-batch or cross-flow modes, in order to identify the most favorable operational conditions. Selected liquid phases deriving from these experiments, which resulted in concentrated levulinic acid up to 408 mmol/L, were then employed for γ-valerolactone production by levulinc acid hydrogenation in the presence of the commercial 5% Ru/C catalyst. In order to assess the effects of the main reaction parameters, hydrogenation experiments were performed at different temperatures, reaction times, amounts of ruthenium catalyst and hydrogen pressure. Yields of γ-valerolactone in the range of 85–90 mol % were obtained from the hydrogenation of the wood-derived solutions containing levulinic acid, obtained by single-batch operation or by the cross-flow process. The negative effect of co-produced formic acid present in crude levulinic acid solutions was evidenced and counteracted efficiently by allowing the preliminary thermal decomposition of formic acid itself.
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Matsakas L, Nitsos C, Raghavendran V, Yakimenko O, Persson G, Olsson E, Rova U, Olsson L, Christakopoulos P. A novel hybrid organosolv: steam explosion method for the efficient fractionation and pretreatment of birch biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:160. [PMID: 29930706 PMCID: PMC5992717 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main role of pretreatment is to reduce the natural biomass recalcitrance and thus enhance saccharification yield. A further prerequisite for efficient utilization of all biomass components is their efficient fractionation into well-defined process streams. Currently available pretreatment methods only partially fulfill these criteria. Steam explosion, for example, excels as a pretreatment method but has limited potential for fractionation, whereas organosolv is excellent for delignification but offers poor biomass deconstruction. RESULTS In this article, a hybrid method combining the cooking and fractionation of conventional organosolv pretreatment with the implementation of an explosive discharge of the cooking mixture at the end of pretreatment was developed. The effects of various pretreatment parameters (ethanol content, duration, and addition of sulfuric acid) were evaluated. Pretreatment of birch at 200 °C with 60% v/v ethanol and 1% w/wbiomass H2SO4 was proven to be the most efficient pretreatment condition yielding pretreated solids with 77.9% w/w cellulose, 8.9% w/w hemicellulose, and 7.0 w/w lignin content. Under these conditions, high delignification of 86.2% was demonstrated. The recovered lignin was of high purity, with cellulose and hemicellulose contents not exceeding 0.31 and 3.25% w/w, respectively, and ash to be < 0.17% w/w in all cases, making it suitable for various applications. The pretreated solids presented high saccharification yields, reaching 68% at low enzyme load (6 FPU/g) and complete saccharification at high enzyme load (22.5 FPU/g). Finally, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 20% w/w solids yielded an ethanol titer of 80 g/L after 192 h, corresponding to 90% of the theoretical maximum. CONCLUSIONS The novel hybrid method developed in this study allowed for the efficient fractionation of birch biomass and production of pretreated solids with high cellulose and low lignin contents. Moreover, the explosive discharge at the end of pretreatment had a positive effect on enzymatic saccharification, resulting in high hydrolyzability of the pretreated solids and elevated ethanol titers in the following high-gravity SSF. To the best of our knowledge, the ethanol concentration obtained with this method is the highest so far for birch biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Christos Nitsos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vijayendran Raghavendran
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Olga Yakimenko
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Gustav Persson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
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55
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Vu PT, Unpaprom Y, Ramaraj R. Impact and significance of alkaline-oxidant pretreatment on the enzymatic digestibility of Sphenoclea zeylanica for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:125-130. [PMID: 28946085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gooseweed (Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.) is a pest on the rice field that has a potential to be a promising substrate for bioethanol production. Dry powdered gooseweed was firstly pretreated with 1% NaOH, following 1% H2O2 at variety conditions. The hydrolysis process was set at 50°C for 24-72h with enzyme cellulase (β-glucosidase) while the fermentation process was carried using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5020 at 33°C for nine days. The ethanol concentration was recorded for three, five, seven, and nine days using an ebulliometer. The results showed that the treatment with only 1% NaOH for 24h has the highest sugar performance. In regard with hydrolysis, the optimum retention time was at 24h. Lastly, the highest ethanol concentration was achieved at 11.84g/L after five days and a rapid decreasing after seven to nine days was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Vu
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Yuwalee Unpaprom
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science; Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Rameshprabu Ramaraj
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; Energy Research Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
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56
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Sritrakul N, Nitisinprasert S, Keawsompong S. Evaluation of dilute acid pretreatment for bioethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse pith. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Abdullah B, Abd Ghani NA, Vo DVN. Recent advances in dry reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2017; 162:170-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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58
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Pathak PD, Mandavgane SA, Puranik NM, Jambhulkar SJ, Kulkarni BD. Valorization of potato peel: a biorefinery approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:218-230. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1331337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav D. Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Sachin A. Mandavgane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Nikhil Manoj Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, India
| | | | - Bhaskar D. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratories, Pune, India
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59
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Kim HM, Oh CH, Bae HJ. Comparison of red microalgae (Porphyridium cruentum) culture conditions for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:44-50. [PMID: 28258995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biomass are useful resources in biofuel production. The objective of this study was to evaluate bioethanol production in response to Porphyridium cruemtum culture conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis of seawater P. cruemtum (SPC) and freshwater P. cruemtum (FPC, 1% substrate loading, w/v) resulted in glucose conversion yields of 89.8 and 85.3%, respectively, without any pretreatment. However, FPC hydrolysate was more efficiently converted to ethanol about 7.1% than SPC hydrolysate. The comparison of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) showed that SSF processing is a superior method for bioethanol production from both SPC and FPC. Though SSF processing (5% substrate loading, w/v) in a 500-mL twin-neck round bottom flask, we achieved ethanol conversion yields of 65.4 and 70.3% from SPC and FPC, respectively, after 9h. These findings indicate that P. cruemtum can grow in freshwater conditions and is an efficient candidate for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Myeong Kim
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Oh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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60
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Kristianto I, Limarta SO, Lee H, Ha JM, Suh DJ, Jae J. Effective depolymerization of concentrated acid hydrolysis lignin using a carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst in ethanol/formic acid media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:424-431. [PMID: 28347962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignin isolated by two-step concentrated acid hydrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was effectively depolymerized into a high-quality bio-oil using formic acid (FA) as an in-situ hydrogen source and Ru/C as a catalyst in supercritical ethanol. A bio-oil yield of 66.3wt% with an average molecular weight of 822g/mol and an aromatic monomer content of 6.1wt% was achieved at 350°C and a FA-to-lignin mass ratio of 3 after a reaction time of 60min. The combination of Ru/C and FA also resulted in a significant reduction in the oxygen content of the bio-oil by ∼60% and a corresponding increase in the higher heating value (HHV) to 32.7MJ/kg due to the enhanced hydrodeoxygenation activity. An examination of the FA decomposition characteristics revealed that Ru/C provides a greater increase in the rate of hydrogen production from FA, explaining the efficient depolymerization of lignin in a combined system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kristianto
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Susan Olivia Limarta
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Suh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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61
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Kumar R, Sharma RK, Singh AP. Cellulose based grafted biosorbents - Journey from lignocellulose biomass to toxic metal ions sorption applications - A review. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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62
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Ebrahimi M, Villaflores OB, Ordono EE, Caparanga AR. Effects of acidified aqueous glycerol and glycerol carbonate pretreatment of rice husk on the enzymatic digestibility, structural characteristics, and bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:264-271. [PMID: 28081524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk as an abundant biomass was used in this study, and it contained 30.1% glucan and 13.5% xylan, 22.4% lignin. The pretreated rice husk with glycerol carbonate and acidified aqueous glycerol (10% water) at 90°C and 130°C for 60min had the maximum yield of glucan digestibility which was 78.2% and 69.7% respectively, using cellulase for 72h. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was conducted anaerobically at 37°C with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5% w/v glucan and 10FPU/g glucan of cellulase. 11.58 and 8.84g/L was the highest ethanol concentration after 3days of incubation form pretreated rice husk with glycerol carbonate and acidified aqueous glycerol respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Oliver B Villaflores
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emma E Ordono
- Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland City, New Zealand
| | - Alvin R Caparanga
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
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63
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Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1511-1524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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64
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Victoria J, Odaneth A, Lali A. Importance of cellulase cocktails favoring hydrolysis of cellulose. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:547-553. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1275006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Victoria
- DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Annamma Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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65
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Karray R, Hamza M, Sayadi S. Production and characterization of enzymatic cocktail produced by Aspergillus niger using green macroalgae as nitrogen source and its application in the pre-treatment for biogas production from Ulva rigida. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:622-8. [PMID: 27285578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are gaining more and more importance as a renewable feedstock for durable bioenergy production, but polysaccharides of this macroalgae are structurally complex in its chemical composition. The use of enzymatic hydrolysis may provide new pathways in the conversion of complex polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. In this study, an enzymatic cocktail with high specificity was first isolated from Aspergillus niger using the green macroalgae Ulva rigida as nitrogen source. The cocktail is rich on β-glucosidase, pectinase and carboxy-methyl-cellulase (CMCase). The highest activity was obtained with β-glucosidase (109IUmL(-1)) and pectinase (76IUmL(-1)), while CMCase present the lowest activity 4.6IUmL(-1). The U. rigida pre-treatment with this enzymatic cocktail showed high rate of reduced sugar release, and could bring promising prospects for enzymatic pre-treatment of the biogas production from U. rigida biomass which reached 1175mLgCODint(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Karray
- Laboratoire de bioprocédés environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International (LMI) (Cosys-Med), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. ''1177'', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamza
- Laboratoire de bioprocédés environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International (LMI) (Cosys-Med), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. ''1177'', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire de bioprocédés environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International (LMI) (Cosys-Med), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. ''1177'', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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66
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Combined Detoxification and In-situ Product Removal by a Single Resin During Lignocellulosic Butanol Production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30533. [PMID: 27459906 PMCID: PMC4962308 DOI: 10.1038/srep30533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phragmites australis (an invasive plant in North America) was used as feedstock for ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation by Clostridium saccharobutylicum. Sulphuric acid pretreated phragmites hydrolysate (SAEH) without detoxification inhibited butanol production (0.73 g/L butanol from 30 g/L sugars). The treatment of SAEH with resin L-493 prior the fermentation resulted in no inhibitory effects and an ABE titer of 14.44 g/L, including 5.49 g/L butanol was obtained, corresponding to an ABE yield and productivity of 0.49 g/g and 0.60 g/L/h, respectively. Dual functionality of the resin was realized by also using it as an in-situ product removal agent. Integrating in-situ product removal allowed for the use of high substrate concentrations without the typical product inhibition. Resin-detoxified SAEH was supplemented with neat glucose and an effective ABE titer of 33 g/L (including 13.7 g/L acetone, 16.4 g/L butanol and 1.9 g/L ethanol) was achieved with resin-based in-situ product removal, corresponding to an ABE yield and productivity of 0.41 g/g and 0.69 g/L/h, respectively. Both detoxification of the substrate and the products was achieved by the same resin, which was added prior the fermentation. Integrating hydrolysate detoxification and in-situ butanol removal in a batch process through single resin can potentially simplify cellulosic butanol production.
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67
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Maitan-Alfenas GP, Oliveira MB, Nagem RAP, de Vries RP, Guimarães VM. Characterization and biotechnological application of recombinant xylanases from Aspergillus nidulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:60-7. [PMID: 27235731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two xylanases from Aspergillus nidulans, XlnB and XlnC, were expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and characterized. XlnB and XlnC achieved maximal activities at 60°C and pH 7.5 and at 50°C and pH 6.0, respectively. XlnB showed to be very thermostable by maintaining 50% of its original activity after 49h incubated at 50°C. XlnB had its highest activity against wheat arabinoxylan while XlnC had the best activity against beechwood xylan. Both enzymes were completely inhibited by SDS and HgCl2. Xylotriose at 1mg/ml also totally inibited XlnB activity. TLC analysis showed that the main product of beechwood xylan hydrolysis by XlnB and XlnC was xylotetraose. An additive effect was shown between XlnB and XlnC and the xylanases of two tested commercial cocktails. Sugarcane bagasse saccharification results showed that these two commercial enzymatic cocktails were able to release more glucose and xylose after supplementation with XlnB and XlnC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Maitan-Alfenas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A P Nagem
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valéria M Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Ramrakhiani L, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Surface Modification of Naturally Available Biomass for Enhancement of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency, Upscaling Prospects, and Management Aspects of Spent Biosorbents: A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:41-78. [PMID: 27097928 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in water emerges as a severe socio-environmental problem originating primarily from the discharge of industrial wastewater. In view of the toxic, non-biodegradable, and persistent nature of most of the heavy metal ions, remediation of such components becomes an absolute necessity. Biosorption is an emerging tool for bioremediation that has gained momentum for employing low-cost biological materials with effective metal binding capacities. Even though biological materials possess excellent metal adsorption abilities, they show poor mechanical strength and low rigidity. Other disadvantages include solid-liquid separation problems, possible biomass swelling, lower efficiency for regeneration or reuse, and frequent development of high pressure drop in the column mode that limits its applications under real conditions. To improve the biosorption efficiency, biomasses need to be modified with a simple technique for selective/multi-metal adsorption. This review is intended to cover discussion on biomass modification for enhanced biosorption efficiency, mechanism studies using various instrumental/analytical techniques, and future direction for research and development including the fate of spent biosorbent. In most of the previously published researches, difficulty of the process in scaling up has not been addressed. The current article outlines the application potential of biosorbents in the development of hybrid technology integrated with membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Ramrakhiani
- Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Sourja Ghosh
- Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Swachchha Majumdar
- Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Siripong P, Duangporn P, Takata E, Tsutsumi Y. Phosphoric acid pretreatment of Achyranthes aspera and Sida acuta weed biomass to improve enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:303-308. [PMID: 26744804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera and Sida acuta, two types of weed biomass are abundant and waste in Thailand. We focus on them as novel feedstock for bio-ethanol production because they contain high-cellulose content (45.9% and 46.9%, respectively) and unutilized material. Phosphoric acid (70%, 75%, and 80%) was employed for the pretreatment to improve by enzymatic hydrolysis. The pretreatment process removed most of the xylan and a part of the lignin from the weeds, while most of the glucan remained. The cellulose conversion to glucose was greater for pretreated A. aspera (86.2 ± 0.3%) than that of the pretreated S. acuta (82.2 ± 1.1%). Thus, the removal of hemicellulose significantly affected the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the exposed fibrous cellulose on the cell wall surface, and this substantial change of the surface structure contributed to improving the enzyme accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premjet Siripong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Premjet Duangporn
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Eri Takata
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsutsumi
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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70
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Sebayang AH, Masjuki HH, Ong HC, Dharma S, Silitonga AS, Mahlia TMI, Aditiya HB. A perspective on bioethanol production from biomass as alternative fuel for spark ignition engine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24983j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing fuel consumption of fossil fuels has led to the development of alternative fuels for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Sebayang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - H. H. Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - S. Dharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - A. S. Silitonga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - T. M. I. Mahlia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Universiti Tenaga Nasional
- 43000 Kajang
- Malaysia
| | - H. B. Aditiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Universiti Tenaga Nasional
- 43000 Kajang
- Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Zhu Z, Macquarrie DJ, Simister R, Gomez LD, McQueen-Mason SJ. Microwave assisted chemical pretreatment of Miscanthus under different temperature regimes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40508-015-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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73
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Peleteiro S, Rivas S, Alonso JL, Santos V, Parajó JC. Utilization of Ionic Liquids in Lignocellulose Biorefineries as Agents for Separation, Derivatization, Fractionation, or Pretreatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8093-8102. [PMID: 26335846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) can play multiple roles in lignocellulose biorefineries, including utilization as agents for the separation of selected compounds or as reaction media for processing lignocellulosic materials (LCM). Imidazolium-based ILs have been proposed for separating target components from LCM biorefinery streams, for example, the dehydration of ethanol-water mixtures or the extractive separation of biofuels (ethanol, butanol) or lactic acid from the respective fermentation broths. As in other industries, ILs are potentially suitable for removing volatile organic compounds or carbon dioxide from gaseous biorefinery effluents. On the other hand, cellulose dissolution in ILs allows homogeneous derivatization reactions to be carried out, opening new ways for product design or for improving the quality of the products. Imidazolium-based ILs are also suitable for processing native LCM, allowing the integral benefit of the feedstocks via separation of polysaccharides and lignin. Even strongly lignified materials can yield cellulose-enriched substrates highly susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis upon ILs processing. Recent developments in enzymatic hydrolysis include the identification of ILs causing limited enzyme inhibition and the utilization of enzymes with improved performance in the presence of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Peleteiro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo , Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo , Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - José L Alonso
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo , Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo , Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan C Parajó
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo , Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
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Bundhoo MAZ, Mohee R, Hassan MA. Effects of pre-treatment technologies on dark fermentative biohydrogen production: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 157:20-48. [PMID: 25881150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of lignocellulosic materials represents a huge potential in terms of renewable energy exploitation. However, the low hydrogen yield is currently hindering its development on industrial scale. This study reviewed various technologies that have been investigated for enhancing dark fermentative biohydrogen production. The pre-treatment technologies can be classified based on their applications as inoculum or substrates pre-treatment or they can be categorised into physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological based on the techniques used. From the different technologies reviewed, heat and acid pre-treatments are the most commonly studied technologies for both substrates and inoculum pre-treatment. Nevertheless, these two technologies need not necessarily be the most suitable since across different studies, a wide array of other emerging techniques as well as combined technologies have yielded positive findings. To date, there exists no perfect technology for either inoculum or substrate pre-treatment. Although the aim of inoculum pre-treatment is to suppress H2-consumers and enrich H2-producers, many sporulating H2-consumers survive the pre-treatment while some non-spore H2-producers are inhibited. Besides, several inoculum pre-treatment techniques are not effective in the long run and repeated pre-treatment may be required for continuous suppression of H2-consumers and sustained biohydrogen production. Furthermore, many technologies employed for substrates pre-treatment may yield inhibitory compounds that can eventually decrease biohydrogen production. Consequently, much research needs to be done to find out the best technology for both substrates and inoculum pre-treatment while also taking into consideration the energetic, economic and technical feasibility of implementing such a process on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zumar Bundhoo
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
| | | | - M Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Effects of extrusion pretreatment parameters on sweet sorghum bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis and its subsequent conversion into bioethanol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:325905. [PMID: 25866776 PMCID: PMC4383157 DOI: 10.1155/2015/325905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse first extruded at different conditions and then treated with cell wall degrading enzymes and fermented with I. orientalis was determined. The twin extruder parameters tested were barrel temperature, screws speed, and feedstock moisture content using surface response methodology. The best extrusion conditions were 100°C, 200 rpm, and 30% conditioning moisture content. This nonchemical and continuous pretreatment did not generate inhibitory compounds. The extruded feedstocks were saccharified varying the biocatalysis time and solids loading. The best conditions were 20% solids loading and 72 h of enzymatic treatment. These particular conditions converted 70% of the total fibrous carbohydrates into total fermentable C5 and C6 sugars. The extruded enzymatically hydrolyzed sweet sorghum bagasse was fermented with the strain I. orientalis at 12% solids obtaining a yield of 198.1 mL of ethanol per kilogram of bagasse (dw).
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76
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Vásquez D, Contreras E, Palma C, Carvajal A. Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose residues: assessment of the effect on operational conditions and their interactions on the characteristics of leachable fraction. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:1903-1911. [PMID: 26606083 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Annually, large amounts of agricultural residues are produced in Chile, which can be turned into a good opportunity to diversify the energy matrix. These residues have a slow hydrolysis stage during anaerobic digestion; therefore, the application of a pretreatment seems to be an alternative to improve the process. This work focused on applying a thermochemical pretreatment with NaOH on two lignocellulosic residues. The experiments were performed according to a 2(4) factorial design. The factors studied in a 2(4) factorial design were: temperature (60 and 120 °C), pretreatment time (10 and 30 minutes), NaOH dose (2 and 4%), and residue size (<1 and 1-3 mm for wheat straw; 1-5 and 5-10 mm for corn stover). The analyzed response variables were the solubilization of organic matter, and the biodegradability of the lignocellulose hydrolysate. The statistical analysis of the data allowed the identification of the experimental conditions that maximized solubilization of organic matter and biodegradability. The main results showed that more aggressive experimental conditions could increase the breaking down of the structure; in addition, the time of pretreatment was not significant. Conversely, the less aggressive experimental conditions, regarding regent dosage and downsizing, favored the release of biodegradable organic matter. The main conclusion of this study was the identification of the operational conditions of the thermochemical pretreatment that promote maximum biogas production, which was caused due to the solubilization of a large amount of organic matter, but not because of the increase in biodegradability of the released organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Vásquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile E-mail:
| | - Elsa Contreras
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyn Palma
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile E-mail:
| | - Andrea Carvajal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile E-mail:
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Karray R, Hamza M, Sayadi S. Evaluation of ultrasonic, acid, thermo-alkaline and enzymatic pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of Ulva rigida for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:205-213. [PMID: 25855526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of macroalgae has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of algae biogas production. Some of the most promising pre-treatment methods require the application of chemicals, enzymatic, and mechanical. This study focused on these pre-treatments of Ulva rigida for biogas production. The evaluation of different pre-treatment in terms of reducing sugar yields demonstrates that 3.62, 2.88, 2.53 and 7.3g/L of reducing sugar was obtained in acid catalysis, thermoalkaline, ultrasonication and enzymatic pre-treatment, respectively. However in crude macroalgae only 0.6g/L of reducing sugar was given. After anaerobic digestion, the enzymatic hydrolysis was demonstrated the best biogas yield than other pre-treatment which reached 626.5mL/gCODint with 62.65% of biodegradability. The best demonstrated method which uses crude broth of Aspergillus niger showed an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for enhancing the biogas production yields after the anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Karray
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamza
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Thomsen ST, Londoño JEG, Schmidt JE, Kádár Z. Comparison of Different Pretreatment Strategies for Ethanol Production of West African Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2589-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morales-delaRosa S, Campos-Martin JM, Fierro JLG. Complete chemical hydrolysis of cellulose into fermentable sugars through ionic liquids and antisolvent pretreatments. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3467-3475. [PMID: 25256641 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a relatively simple methodology for efficiently deconstructing cellulose into monomeric glucose, which is more easily transformed into a variety of platform molecules for the production of chemicals and fuels. The approach undertaken herein first involves the dissolution of cellulose in an ionic liquid (IL), followed by a second reconstruction step aided by an antisolvent. The regenerated cellulose exhibited strong structural and morphological changes, as revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. These changes dramatically affect the hydrolytic reactivity of cellulose with dilute mineral acids. As a consequence, the glucose yield obtained from the deconstructed-reconstructed cellulose was substantially higher than that achieved through hydrolysis of the starting cellulose. Factors that affect the hydrolysis reaction include the type of cellulose substrate, the type of IL used in pretreatment, and the type of acid used in the hydrolysis step. The best results were obtained by treating cellulose with IL and using phosphotungstic acid (0.067 mol L(-1) ) as a catalyst at 413 K. Under these conditions, the conversion of cellulose was almost complete (>99%), with a glucose yield of 87% after only 5 h of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morales-delaRosa
- Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group (EQS), Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain) http://www.icp.csic.es/eqsgroup/
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Ertas M, Han Q, Jameel H. Acid-catalyzed autohydrolysis of wheat straw to improve sugar recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:1-8. [PMID: 25014168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A comparison study of autohydrolysis and acid-catalyzed autohydrolysis of wheat straw was performed to understand the impact of acid addition on overall sugar recovery. Autohydrolysis combined with refining is capable of achieving sugar recoveries in the mid 70s. If the addition of a small amount of acid is capable of increasing the sugar recovery even higher it may be economically attractive. Acetic, sulfuric, hydrochloric and sulfurous acids were selected for acid-catalyzed autohydrolysis pretreatments. Autohydrolysis with no acid at 190 °C showed the highest total sugar in the prehydrolyzate. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed for all the post-treated solids with and without refining at enzyme loadings of 4 and 10 FPU/g for 96 h. Acid-catalyzed autohydrolysis at 190 °C with sulfurous acid showed the highest total sugar recovery of 81.2% at 4 FPU/g enzyme charge compared with 64.3% at 190 °C autohydrolysis without acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ertas
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16200 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
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Laccase applications in biofuels production: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6525-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Current challenges in commercially producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 2014:463074. [PMID: 25937989 PMCID: PMC4393053 DOI: 10.1155/2014/463074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels that are produced from biobased materials are a good alternative to petroleum based fuels. They offer several benefits to society and the environment. Producing second generation biofuels is even more challenging than producing first generation biofuels due the complexity of the biomass and issues related to producing, harvesting, and transporting less dense biomass to centralized biorefineries. In addition to this logistic challenge, other challenges with respect to processing steps in converting biomass to liquid transportation fuel like pretreatment, hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and fuel separation still exist and are discussed in this review. The possible coproducts that could be produced in the biorefinery and their importance to reduce the processing cost of biofuel are discussed. About $1 billion was spent in the year 2012 by the government agencies in US to meet the mandate to replace 30% existing liquid transportation fuels by 2022 which is 36 billion gallons/year. Other countries in the world have set their own targets to replace petroleum fuel by biofuels. Because of the challenges listed in this review and lack of government policies to create the demand for biofuels, it may take more time for the lignocellulosic biofuels to hit the market place than previously projected.
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