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Biadglegne F, König B, Rodloff AC, Dorhoi A, Sack U. Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E145. [PMID: 33406750 PMCID: PMC7795701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Mtb-derived exosomes (Mtbexo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Mtbexo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes has been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on Mtbexo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the method used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of Mtbexo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of Mtbexo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Biadglegne
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, 79 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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52
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Thangaraju K, Neerukonda SN, Katneni U, Buehler PW. Extracellular Vesicles from Red Blood Cells and Their Evolving Roles in Health, Coagulopathy and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E153. [PMID: 33375718 PMCID: PMC7796437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) including both endosome-derived exosomes and plasma-membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs). RBC-derived EVs (RBCEVs) are secreted during erythropoiesis, physiological cellular aging, disease conditions, and in response to environmental stressors. RBCEVs are enriched in various bioactive molecules that facilitate cell to cell communication and can act as markers of disease. RBCEVs contribute towards physiological adaptive responses to hypoxia as well as pathophysiological progression of diabetes and genetic non-malignant hematologic disease. Moreover, a considerable number of studies focus on the role of EVs from stored RBCs and have evaluated post transfusion consequences associated with their exposure. Interestingly, RBCEVs are important contributors toward coagulopathy in hematological disorders, thus representing a unique evolving area of study that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms that contribute toward dysregulated hemostasis associated with several disease conditions. Relevant work to this point provides a foundation on which to build further studies focused on unraveling the potential roles of RBCEVs in health and disease. In this review, we provide an analysis and summary of RBCEVs biogenesis, composition, and their biological function with a special emphasis on RBCEV pathophysiological contribution to coagulopathy. Further, we consider potential therapeutic applications of RBCEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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53
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Kaur G, Singh K, Maremanda KP, Li D, Chand HS, Rahman I. Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243065. [PMID: 33290406 PMCID: PMC7723270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the varied set of transcripts that play a critical role in biological processes like gene regulation, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and chromatin remodeling. Recent studies have reported the presence of lncRNAs in the exosomes that are involved in regulating cell-to-cell communication in lung pathologies including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we compared the lncRNA profiles in the plasma-derived exosomes amongst non-smokers (NS), cigarette smokers (CS), E-cig users (E-cig), waterpipe smokers (WP) and dual smokers (CSWP) using GeneChip™ WT Pico kit for transcriptional profiling. We found alterations in a distinct set of lncRNAs among subjects exposed to E-cig vapor, cigarette smoke, waterpipe smoke and dual smoke with some overlaps. Gene enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment in the lncRNAs involved in crucial biological processes including steroid metabolism, cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, the characterized lncRNA profiles of the plasma-derived exosomes from smokers, vapers, waterpipe users, and dual smokers will help identify the biomarkers relevant to chronic lung diseases such as COPD, asthma or IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Kameshwar Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Krishna P. Maremanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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54
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Deb A, Gupta S, Mazumder PB. Exosomes: A new horizon in modern medicine. Life Sci 2020; 264:118623. [PMID: 33096118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles belonging to endocytic origin. These vesicles carry different biological cargo that play numerous physiological roles and is also indicative of different diseased state. Exosomes are considered as promising tools for therapeutic drug delivery, owing to their intrinsic features like stability, biocompatibility and a capacity of stealth. A clearer understanding of the composition, biogenesis and biology of exosomes can provide us with better insights into the pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles of these extracellular vesicles. In this review we have summarize existing literature regarding the production, efficacy, action mechanism, and potential therapeutic roles of exosomes in the contexts of various diseases such as cancer, renal disease, neurological disorders, cardio-vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and some of the auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Deb
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
| | - P B Mazumder
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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55
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Cai J, Gehrau R, Tu Z, Leroy V, Su G, Shang J, Mas VR, Emtiazjoo A, Pelaez A, Atkinson C, Machuca T, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. MicroRNA-206 antagomiR‒enriched extracellular vesicles attenuate lung ischemia‒reperfusion injury through CXCL1 regulation in alveolar epithelial cells. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:1476-1490. [PMID: 33067103 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our hypothesis is that the immunomodulatory capacities of mesenchymal stem cell‒derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be enhanced by specific microRNAs (miRNAs) to effectively attenuate post-transplant lung ischemia‒reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS The expression of miR-206 was analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients on Days 0 and 1 after lung transplantation. Lung IR injury was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice using a left lung hilar-ligation model with or without treatment with EVs or antagomiR-206‒enriched EVs. Murine lung tissue was used for miRNA microarray hybridization analysis, and cytokine expression, lung injury, and edema were evaluated. A donation after circulatory death and murine orthotopic lung transplantation model was used to evaluate the protection by enriched EVs against lung IR injury. In vitro studies analyzed type II epithelial cell activation after coculturing with EVs. RESULTS A significant upregulation of miR-206 was observed in the BAL fluid of patients on Day 1 after lung transplantation compared with Day 0 and in murine lungs after IR injury compared with sham. Treatment with antagomiR-206‒enriched EVs attenuated lung dysfunction, injury, and edema compared with treatment with EVs alone after murine lung IR injury. Enriched EVs reduced lung injury and neutrophil infiltration as well as improved allograft oxygenation after murine orthotopic lung transplantation. Enriched EVs significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines, especially epithelial cell‒dependent CXCL1 expression, in the in vivo and in vitro IR injury models. CONCLUSIONS EVs can be used as biomimetic nanovehicles for protective immunomodulation by enriching them with antagomiR-206 to mitigate epithelial cell activation and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs after IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ricardo Gehrau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhenxiao Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Victoria Leroy
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junyi Shang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Transplant Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amir Emtiazjoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andres Pelaez
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Surgery, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tiago Machuca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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56
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Alipoor SD, Adcock IM, Tabarsi P, Folkerts G, Mortaz E. MiRNAs in tuberculosis: Their decisive role in the fate of TB. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173529. [PMID: 32919937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most lethal global infectious diseases. Despite the availability of much higher levels of technology in health and medicine, tuberculosis still remains a serious global health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the capacity for prolonged survival inside macrophages by exploiting host metabolic and energy pathways and perturbing autophagy and apoptosis of infected cells. The mechanism(s) underlying this process are not completely understood but evidence suggests that mycobacteria subvert the host miRNA network to enable mycobacterial survival. We present here a comprehensive review on the role of miRNAs in TB immune escape mechanisms and the potential for miRNA-based TB therapeutics. Further validation studies are required to (i) elucidate the precise effect of TB on host miRNAs, (ii) determine the inhibition of mycobacterial burden using miRNA-based therapies and (iii) identify novel miRNA biomarkers that may prove useful in TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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57
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Maharjan N, Thapa N, Tu J. Blood-based Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Review Article. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:519-524. [PMID: 32827019 PMCID: PMC7580403 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the severe leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer can significantly increase their survival rate. However, conventional lung cancer screening methods such as sputum cytology, chest X-rays, low-dose computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are radiational, and also expensive methods. Similarly, lung tumor tissue as invasive and difficult to obtain and potentially risky procedures, there is the immediate need of non-invasive, novel sensitive and reliable blood-based tumor markers which now has become an important area on research. This review will mainly focus on recently identified circulating biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid, tumor-derived exosomes, circulating ribonucleic acid and micro ribonucleic acid, and tumor-educated platelets which may enable earlier diagnosis of lung cancer and their application in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayani Maharjan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Centerfor Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Niresh Thapa
- Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Centerfor Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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58
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Peng H, Ji W, Zhao R, Yang J, Lu Z, Li Y, Zhang X. Exosome: a significant nano-scale drug delivery carrier. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7591-7608. [PMID: 32697267 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, due to the limitations of the nature of therapeutic agents, many synthetic nano-delivery systems have emerged to enhance the efficacy of drugs. Extracellular vesicles are currently a class of natural nano-scale drug carriers released by cells. As a tiny vesicle with a lipid bilayer membrane that can be secreted by most cells in the body, exosomes carry and transmit important signal molecules, Therefore, they have been a research hotspot in biomedicine and biomaterials due to their size advantages and huge potential in drug therapy. Many people are optimistic about the clinical application prospects of exosomes and are actively exploring the broad functions of exosomes and developing exosome therapeutic agents to make positive contributions to human health. In this review, we provide basic knowledge and focus on summarizing the advantages of exosomes as drug carriers, methods of loading drugs, targeting strategies, in vivo and in vitro tracing methods, and some of the latest developments in exosomes as drug carriers. In particular, the review provides an outlook for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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59
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Kim SY, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Phan TH, Khanal D, Tharkar P, Limantoro C, Johnson J, Kalionis B, Chrzanowski W. Placenta Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Use in Lung Repair. Proteomics 2020; 19:e1800166. [PMID: 31318160 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many acute and chronic lung injuries are incurable and rank as the fourth leading cause of death globally. While stem cell treatment for lung injuries is a promising approach, there is growing evidence that the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells originates from secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Consequently, EVs are emerging as next-generation therapeutics. While EVs are extensively researched for diagnostic applications, their therapeutic potential to promote tissue repair is not fully elucidated. By housing and delivering tissue-repairing cargo, EVs refine the cellular microenvironment, modulate inflammation, and ultimately repair injury. Here, the potential use of EVs derived from two placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) lines is presented; a chorionic MSC line (CMSC29) and a decidual MSC cell line (DMSC23) for applications in lung diseases. Functional analyses using in vitro models of injury demonstrate that these EVs have a role in ameliorating injuries caused to lung cells. It is also shown that EVs promote repair of lung epithelial cells. This study is fundamental to advancing the field of EVs and to unlock the full potential of EVs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Yunsun Kim
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Islet Biology and Diabetes Group, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Islet Biology and Diabetes Group, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Thanh Huyen Phan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Priyanka Tharkar
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Christina Limantoro
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jancy Johnson
- Department of Maternal fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Sengupta V, Sengupta S, Lazo A, Woods P, Nolan A, Bremer N. Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:747-754. [PMID: 32380908 PMCID: PMC7310206 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective nonrandomized open-label cohort study addresses the safety and efficacy of exosomes (ExoFlo™) derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. During April 2020, ExoFlo was provided to 24 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients at a single hospital center, all of whom met criteria for severe COVID-19 as well as moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients received a single 15 mL intravenous dose of ExoFlo and were evaluated for both safety and efficacy from days 1 to 14 post-treatment. All safety endpoints were met with no adverse events observed within 72 h of ExoFlo administration. A survival rate of 83% was observed. In total, 17 of 24 (71%) patients recovered, 3 of 24 (13%) patients remained critically ill though stable, and 4 of 24 (16%) patients expired for reasons unrelated to the treatment. Overall, after one treatment, patients' clinical status and oxygenation improved with an average pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) increase of 192% (P < 0.001). Laboratory values revealed significant improvements in absolute neutrophil count [mean reduction 32% (P value <0.001)] and lymphopenia with average CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts increasing by 46% (P < 0.05), 45% (P < 0.05), and 46% (P < 0.001), respectively. Likewise, acute phase reactants declined, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer reduction of 77% (P < 0.001), 43% (P < 0.001), and 42% (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, owing to its safety profile, capacity to restore oxygenation, downregulate cytokine storm, and reconstitute immunity, ExoFlo is a promising therapeutic candidate for severe COVID-19. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to determine ExoFlo therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sengupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Thrivewell Infusion, LLC, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Sascha Sengupta
- Thrivewell Infusion, LLC, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Hospital-Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Angel Lazo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Englewood Hospital, Englewood, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, CarePoint Health System–Christ Hospital, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna Nolan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Bremer
- Department of Anesthesiology, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, New York, USA
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61
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The Role of MicroRNA in the Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113848. [PMID: 32481719 PMCID: PMC7312818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance, mediated by a coordinated function of cilia bathing in the airway surface liquid (ASL) on the surface of airway epithelium, protects the host from inhaled pathogens and is an essential component of the innate immunity. ASL is composed of the superficial mucus layer and the deeper periciliary liquid. Ion channels, transporters, and pumps coordinate the transcellular and paracellular movement of ions and water to maintain the ASL volume and mucus hydration. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding, short single-stranded RNA regulating gene expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms. miRNAs have been increasingly recognized as essential regulators of ion channels and transporters responsible for ASL homeostasis. miRNAs also influence the airway host defense. We summarize the most up-to-date information on the role of miRNAs in ASL homeostasis and host-pathogen interactions in the airway and discuss concepts for miRNA-directed therapy.
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62
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Tello-Flores VA, Valladares-Salgado A, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Cruz M, Del-Moral-Hernández O, Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Ramírez M, Hernández-Sotelo D, Armenta-Solis A, Flores-Alfaro E. Altered levels of MALAT1 and H19 derived from serum or serum exosomes associated with type-2 diabetes. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:71-76. [PMID: 32346662 PMCID: PMC7183231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental, genetic and epigenetic risk factors have been closely related to the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D). It has been reported that the expression in H19 and MALAT1 are related to metabolic diseases. To analyze the relationship between the expression of H19 and MALAT1 lncRNAs with diabetic patients. A study was conducted in subjects with T2D and nondiabetic controls, residents of Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements were made, and serum concentrations of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed. Total RNA was extracted from serum and serum exosomes. The H19 and MALAT1 expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR. A significant reduction in the expression of MALAT1 from serum or serum exosomes were found in patients with T2D, metabolic syndrome and low levels of HDL-c. Significant increase in H19 levels was found in diabetic subjects with poor glycemic control. Additionally, the principal component analyzes showed that serum MALAT1 expression was associated with total cholesterol and HDL-c levels, and the exosomes H19 expression was associated with waist circumference. The results obtained suggest that MALAT1 expression levels could be an epigenetic biomarker of diabetes risk or of its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Adán Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad Medica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Espacialidades, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad Medica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Espacialidades, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del-Moral-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Adakatia Armenta-Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO., Mexico
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Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Sun M, Hu L, Wang S, Huang T, Zhang M, Yang M, Zhen W, Yang D, Lu W, Guan M, Peng S. Circulating MicroRNA-19b Identified From Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Patients Increases Bone Formation. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:306-316. [PMID: 31614022 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression and have been reported to be involved in various metabolic diseases, including osteoporosis. Although the transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation has been well characterized, the role of circulating miRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Here we discovered that the level of circulating miR-19b was significantly lower in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures than that of healthy controls. The expression level of miR-19b was increased during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells, and transfection with synthetic miR-19b could promote osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10) was found to be directly repressed by miR-19b, with a concomitant increase in Runx2 expression and increased phosphorylation of AKT (protein kinase B, PKB). The expression level of circulating miR-19b in aged ovariectomized mice was significantly lower than in young mice. Moreover, the osteoporotic bone phenotype in aged ovariectomized mice was alleviated by the injection of chemically modified miR-19b (agomiR-19b). Taken together, our results show that circulating miR-19b plays an important role in enhancing osteoblastogenesis, possibly through regulation of the PTEN/pAKT/Runx2 pathway, and may be a useful therapeutic target in bone loss disorders, such as osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqiu Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minyi Zhang
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxin Zhen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Lu
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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65
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Gon Y, Shimizu T, Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Hikichi M. Molecular techniques for respiratory diseases: MicroRNA and extracellular vesicles. Respirology 2019; 25:149-160. [PMID: 31872560 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNA are a class of evolutionarily conserved non-coding 19- to 22-nt regulatory RNA. They affect various cellular functions through modulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of their target mRNA by changing the stability of protein-coding transcripts or attenuating protein translation. miRNA were discovered in the early 1990s, and they have been the focus of new research in both basic and clinical medical sciences. Today, it has become clear that specific miRNA are linked to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, EV, including exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, were found to contain various functional miRNA that can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. As body fluids, such as blood and respiratory secretions, are major miRNA sources in the body, EV carrying extracellular miRNA are considered potentially useful for the diagnosis and assessment of pathological conditions, as well as the treatment of respiratory or other diseases. Although research in the field of lung cancer is actively progressing, studies in other respiratory fields have emerged recently as well. In this review, we provide an update in the topics of miRNA and EV focused on airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and COPD, and explore their potential for clinical applications on respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Maremanda KP, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Protective role of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114788. [PMID: 31678243 PMCID: PMC6894395 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) involves mitochondrial dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived exosomes (EXO) are reported to show therapeutic effects in many animal models of inflammation and injury. In the present study, we determined the role of MSC and EXO intervention in CS-induced lung inflammation with a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS EXO were characterized using Western blot for exosomal markers, tunable resistive pulse sensing by qNano and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial reporter mice (mt-Keima and mito-QC) were exposed to air or CS for 10 days. mt-Keima mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of MSC or EXO or MSC and EXO (MSC + EXO) for 10 days. Total cell counts, differential cell counts were performed using automated cell counter and flow cytometry respectively. Further, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured using ELISA. Western blot analysis, quantitative PCR, confocal microscopy were used in the current study to determine the effects in the lungs of CS exposed mice. Seahorse flux analyzer was used to measure the oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the BEAS2B cells and BEAS2B - mMSC co-culture experiments. RESULTS CS exposure increased the inflammatory cellular infiltrations in the lungs of the mt-Keima mice. MSC + EXO treatment showed protection compared to individual treatments (MSC or EXO alone). There were no changes in the mitophagy proteins like PINK1 and Parkin, which was also found using the mito-QC mice. CS exposure led to significant increase in the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 and other DAMPs pathway mediators like S100A4 and S100A8, HMGB1, RAGE and AGE. MSC + EXO treatment increased the gene expression of (fusion genes) mfn1, mfn2 and opa1. Additionally, the rhot1 gene expression was increased in MSC + EXO treatment group compared to Air- and CS exposed groups. BEAS2B-mMSC co-cultures showed protective response against the CSE-altered mitochondrial respiration parameters, confirming the beneficial effect of MSC towards human bronchial lung epithelial cells. CONCLUSION CS affects some of early mitochondrial genes involved in the fission/fusion process, enhancing the damage response along with altered cytokine levels. MSC + EXO combination treatment showed their protective effects. MSC + EXO combination treatment may act against these early events caused by CS exposure owing to its anti-inflammatory and other mitochondrial transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA.
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67
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Li Y, Yin Z, Fan J, Zhang S, Yang W. The roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:47. [PMID: 31728212 PMCID: PMC6851157 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes released from various cells can serve as mediators of information exchange between different cells. With further exploration of exosome content, a more accurate molecular mechanism involved in the process of cell-to-cell communication has been revealed; specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are shuttled by exosomes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and asthma. Consequently, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several lung diseases. This review will summarize recent knowledge about the roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases, which has shed light on the discovery of novel diagnostic methods and treatments for these disorders. Because there is almost no published literature about exosomal lncRNAs in COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, or tuberculosis, we summarize the roles of exosomal lncRNAs only in lung cancer in the second section. This may inspire some new ideas for researchers who are interested in whether lncRNAs shuttled by exosomes may play roles in other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinshuo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, 430022 Wuhan, China
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68
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Chen X, Bai Z, Li J. The Mantle Exosome and MicroRNAs of Hyriopsis cumingii Involved in Nacre Color Formation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:634-642. [PMID: 31267359 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nacre color of shells has an effect on the pearl color in Hyriopsis cumingii and is an important indicator for its value. The nacre is part of the shell, and some studies have shown that exosomes of the mantle are involved in the formation of shells. Most of the RNA contained in exosomes are microRNAs (miRNAs); however, little information is available on the roles of exosomes and miRNAs on the formation of nacre color in mussels. In this study, exosomes of mantles were extracted from white and purple mussels. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed on the white and purple mussel mantle exosomes, and 7,665,167 and 10,994,115 reads were harvested. Using the standard of |log2(Fold change)| ≥ 2, and a p value ≤ 0.05, a total of 54 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. The miRNAs that regulated the target genes (hcApo, HcTyr, HcTyp-1, HcMitf, HcSRCR1, and HcSRCR2) involved in shell color formation were predicted. Moreover, miR-15b negatively regulated hcApo, which plays important roles in the absorption and transport of β-carotene in H. cumingii. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nacre color formation in H. cumingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhiyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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69
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Rashid MH, Borin TF, Ara R, Angara K, Cai J, Achyut BR, Liu Y, Arbab AS. Differential in vivo biodistribution of 131I-labeled exosomes from diverse cellular origins and its implication for theranostic application. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102072. [PMID: 31376572 PMCID: PMC6814553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular crosstalk and are regulator of the cellular/tumor microenvironment. Exosomes have great prospects for clinical application as a theranostic and prognostic probe. Nevertheless, the advancement of exosomes research has been thwarted by our limited knowledge of the most efficient isolation method and their in vivo trafficking. Here we have shown that a combination of two size-based methods using a 0.20 μm syringe filter and 100 k centrifuge membrane filter followed by ultracentrifugation yields a greater number of uniform exosomes. We also demonstrated the visual representation and quantification of the differential in vivo distribution of radioisotope 131I-labeled exosomes from diverse cellular origins, e.g., tumor cells with or without treatments, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and endothelial progenitor cells. We also determined that the distribution was dependent on the exosomal protein/cytokine contents. The applied in vivo imaging modalities can be utilized to monitor disease progression, metastasis, and exosome-based targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Rashid
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thaiz F Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Gómez-de-Mariscal E, Maška M, Kotrbová A, Pospíchalová V, Matula P, Muñoz-Barrutia A. Deep-Learning-Based Segmentation of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Transmission Electron Microscopy Images. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13211. [PMID: 31519998 PMCID: PMC6744556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived vesicles of nanoscale size (~30-200 nm) that function as conveyors of information between cells, reflecting the cell of their origin and its physiological condition in their content. Valuable information on the shape and even on the composition of individual sEVs can be recorded using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Unfortunately, sample preparation for TEM image acquisition is a complex procedure, which often leads to noisy images and renders automatic quantification of sEVs an extremely difficult task. We present a completely deep-learning-based pipeline for the segmentation of sEVs in TEM images. Our method applies a residual convolutional neural network to obtain fine masks and use the Radon transform for splitting clustered sEVs. Using three manually annotated datasets that cover a natural variability typical for sEV studies, we show that the proposed method outperforms two different state-of-the-art approaches in terms of detection and segmentation performance. Furthermore, the diameter and roundness of the segmented vesicles are estimated with an error of less than 10%, which supports the high potential of our method in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Gómez-de-Mariscal
- Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | - Martin Maška
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kotrbová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pospíchalová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain.
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71
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Lyu L, Zhang X, Li C, Yang T, Wang J, Pan L, Jia H, Li Z, Sun Q, Yue L, Chen F, Zhang Z. Small RNA Profiles of Serum Exosomes Derived From Individuals With Latent and Active Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1174. [PMID: 31191492 PMCID: PMC6546874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading lethal infectious disease worldwide since 2014, and about one third of the world’s population has a latent TB infection (LTBI). This is largely attributed to the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of TB and LTBI patients. Exosomes offer a new perspective on investigation of the process of TB infection. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing to explore small RNA profiles of serum exosomes derived from LTBI and TB patients and healthy controls (HC). Our results revealed distinct miRNA profile of the exosomes in the three groups. We screened 250 differentially expressed miRNAs including 130 specifically expressed miRNAs. Some miRNAs were further validated to be specifically expressed in LTBI (hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-450a-5p, and hsa-miR-140-5p) and TB samples (hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-2110, hsa-miR-370-3P, hsa-miR-28-3p, and hsa-miR-193b-5p). Additionally, we demonstrated four expression panels in LTBI and TB groups, and six expression patterns among the three groups. These specifically expressed miRNAs and differentially expressed miRNAs in different panels and patterns provide potential biomarkers for detection/diagnosis of latent and active TB using exosomal miRNAs. Additionally, we also discovered plenty of small RNAs derived from genomic repetitive sequences, which might play roles in host immune responses along with Mtb infection progresses. Overall, our findings provide important reference and an improved understanding about miRNAs and repetitive region-derived small RNAs in exosomes during the Mtb infectious process, and facilitate the development of potential molecular targets for detection/diagnosis of latent and active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Jia Y, Chen H, Yao H, Guo W. Plasma-derived exosomal miR-183 associates with protein kinase activity and may serve as a novel predictive biomarker of myocardial ischemic injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:179-187. [PMID: 31258652 PMCID: PMC6566024 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is primarily caused by ischemic heart or coronary artery disease and is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thus, it is necessary to establish reliable biochemical markers for the early diagnosis of MI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miR) have been demonstrated to circulate in biological fluids and are enclosed in extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. The current study assessed the differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in the plasma of patients with MI and healthy individuals, and the possible mechanism involved. Plasma-derived exosomes were isolated from patients with MI and healthy control individuals, and vesicles with a membrane were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, an exosomal miRNA expression profile was compared between patients with MI and healthy individuals using a miRNA microarray. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that miR-183 was markedly upregulated in patients with MI compared with healthy individuals. In addition, the relative exosomal miR-183 level increased with the degree of myocardial ischemic injury. Additionally, GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that miR-183 is primarily involved in cell communication, protein kinase activity regulation and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network of all the miR-183 target genes was constructed. The results demonstrated that five core genes (PPP2CB, PPP2CA, PRKCA, PPP2CA, PPP2R5C and PPP2R2A) in the PPI network were also associated with protein kinase activity regulation and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that exosomal miR-183 derived from the serum of patients with MI may be a novel diagnostic biomarker involved in the regulation of protein kinase activity. miR-183 may therefore be further developed for clinical use to benefit patients with coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Jia
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Huanzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenlin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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73
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Tezze C, Romanello V, Sandri M. FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31057418 PMCID: PMC6478891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that regulates important metabolic pathways. FGF21 is expressed in several metabolically active organs and interacts with different tissues. The FGF21 function is complicated and well debated due to its different sites of production and actions. Striated muscles are plastic tissues that undergo adaptive changes within their structural and functional properties in order to meet their different stresses, recently, they have been found to be an important source of FGF21. The FGF21 expression and secretion from skeletal muscles happen in both mouse and in humans during their different physiological and pathological conditions, including exercise and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings that identify FG21 as beneficial and/or detrimental cytokine interacting as an autocrine or endocrine in order to modulate cellular function, metabolism, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tezze
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Science, Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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74
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Huang F, Bai J, Zhang J, Yang D, Fan H, Huang L, Shi T, Lu G. Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers for pneumonia caused by adenovirus infection in children by screening serum exosomal microRNAs. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4306-4314. [PMID: 30942467 PMCID: PMC6471624 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection causes serious pneumonia in children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality rates. However, diagnostic biomarkers for HAdV‑associated pneumonia are unavailable. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been recently reported as diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases. The present study performed microRNA sequencing to identify potential biomarkers among serum exosomal miRNAs, with the aim of identifying candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of pneumonia in adenovirus‑infected children. To validate the biomarker candidates, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was performed to determine the relative expression levels of miRNAs. As there is no endogenous reference RNA for serum miRNAs, pairwise analysis of RT‑qPCR was used in the present study to narrow down the number of biomarker candidates among all the serum exosomal miRNAs to a set of four miRNAs. As a result, the identified miRNAs (namely, miR‑450a‑5p‑miR‑103a‑3p and miR‑103b‑5p‑miR‑98‑5p) from 59 samples were considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers in adenovirus‑infected children. The results indicated that this four miRNA set could distinguish adenovirus‑infected patients from healthy controls. In conclusion, the four exosomal miRNAs identified in the present study could be considered as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for pneumonia in adenovirus‑infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Foshan, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Diyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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75
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Cao T, Lyu L, Jia H, Wang J, Du F, Pan L, Li Z, Xing A, Xiao J, Ma Y, Zhang Z. A Two-Way Proteome Microarray Strategy to Identify Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Human Interactors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:65. [PMID: 30984625 PMCID: PMC6448480 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious threat to human health which is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The main reason for failure to eliminate TB is lack of clearly understanding the molecular mechanism of Mtb pathogenesis. Determining human Mtb-interacting proteins enables us to characterize the mechanism and identify potential molecular targets for TB diagnosis and treatment. However, experimentally systematic Mtb interactors are not readily available. In this study, we performed an unbiased, comprehensive two-way proteome microarray based approach to systematically screen global human Mtb interactors and determine the binding partners of Mtb effectors. Our results, for the first time, screened 84 potential human Mtb interactors. Bioinformatic analysis further highlighted these protein candidates might engage in a wide range of cellular functions such as activation of DNA endogenous promoters, transcription of DNA/RNA and necrosis, as well as immune-related signaling pathways. Then, using Mtb proteome microarray followed His tagged pull-down assay and Co-IP, we identified one interacting partner (Rv0577) for the protein candidate NRF1 and three binding partners (Rv0577, Rv2117, Rv2423) for SMAD2, respectively. This study gives new insights into the profile of global Mtb interactors potentially involved in Mtb pathogenesis and demonstrates a powerful strategy in the discovery of Mtb effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingming Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiying Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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76
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Calabrese F, Lunardi F, Pezzuto F, Fortarezza F, Vuljan SE, Marquette C, Hofman P. Are There New Biomarkers in Tissue and Liquid Biopsies for the Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030414. [PMID: 30917582 PMCID: PMC6463117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, mainly due to its late diagnoses. The detection of molecular markers on samples provided from routine bronchoscopy including several liquid-based cytology tests (e.g., bronchoaspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage) and/or on easily obtained specimens such as sputum could represent a new approach to improve the sensitivity in lung cancer diagnoses. Recently growing interest has been reported for "noninvasive" liquid biopsy as a valuable source for molecular profiling. Unfortunately, a biomarker and/or composition of biomarkers capable of detecting early-stage lung cancer has yet to be discovered even if in the last few years there has been, through the use of revolutionary new technologies, an explosion of lung cancer biomarkers. Assay sensitivity and specificity need to be improved particularly when new approaches and/or tools are used. We have focused on the most important markers detected in tissue, and on several cytological specimens and liquid biopsies overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fortarezza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefania Edith Vuljan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Charles Marquette
- University Côte d'Azur, University Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Team 4, FHU OncoAge, 06001 Nice, France.
| | - Paul Hofman
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Team 4, FHU OncoAge, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, University Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, Biobank (BB-0033-00025), FHU OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
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77
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Serum Exosomal miRNAs Are Associated with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1907426. [PMID: 30886653 PMCID: PMC6388314 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1907426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to human health. Due to the limited accuracy of the current TB diagnostic tests, it is critical to determine novel biomarkers for this disease. Circulating exosomes have been used as diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases. Objective of the Study In this pilot study, we examined the expression of miRNAs as biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of TB infection. Methods Serum-derived exosomes were isolated from TB patients and matched control subjects. The expression of miR-484, miR-425, and miR-96 was examined by RT-PCR methods. Results The expression of miR-484, miR-425, and miR-96 were significantly increased in serum of TB patients which correlated with the TB infection level. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the diagnostic potency of each individual serum exosomal miRNA with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.72 for miR-484 (p < 0.05), 0.66 for miR-425 (p < 0.05), and 0.62 for miR-96 (p < 0.05). Conclusion These results demonstrate that exosomal miRNAs have diagnostic potential in active tuberculosis. The diagnostic power may be improved when combined with conventional diagnostic markers.
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78
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miR-181b regulates ER stress induced neuron death through targeting Heat Shock Protein A5 following intracerebral haemorrhage. Immunol Lett 2018; 206:1-10. [PMID: 30503822 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a protein folding and contributes to neuronal damage and neurological deterioration following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5) serves as an essential regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. However, the specific mechanism has not been will identified. Primary cortical neurons from C57BL/6 mice were subjected to erythrocyte lysates. Cell viability, microRNA and HSPA5 levels, and ER stress was detected. The interaction between microRNA and the target HSPA5 was identified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, inflammatory cytokines, brain edema, and neurological functions in ICH mice were also assessed. Erythrocyte lysates induced ER stress and neuron damage, downregulated miR-181b and upregulated HSPA5 levels. MiR-181b suppressed HSPA5 expression by directly binding its 3'-untranslated region. Correspondingly, our data demonstrated that overexpression of miR-181b attenuated erythrocyte lysates induced neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. In vivo, downregulated miR-181b increased the HSPA5 level, along with significant elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, brain edema, and neurological injury following ICH. HSPA5 pathway plays an important role in ER stress induced brain damage following ICH. In addition, miR-181b has neuroprotective effects that alleviates neurological injury and represents a promising therapeutic strategy in ICH.
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79
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Parimon T, Garrett NE, Chen P, Antes TJ. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using an Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Technique. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30474626 DOI: 10.3791/58310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly discovered subcellular components that play important roles in many biological signaling functions during physiological and pathological states. The isolation of EVs continues to be a major challenge in this field, due to limitations intrinsic to each technique. The differential ultracentrifugation with density gradient centrifugation method is a commonly used approach and is considered to be the gold standard procedure for EV isolation. However, this procedure is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and generally results in low scalability, which may not be suitable for small-volume samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We demonstrate that an ultrafiltration centrifugation isolation method is simple and time- and labor-efficient yet provides a high recovery yield and purity. We propose that this isolation method could be an alternative approach that is suitable for EV isolation, particularly for small-volume biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center;
| | - Norman E Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Travis J Antes
- Department of Medicine, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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80
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Letsiou E, Bauer N. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Function and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:197-256. [PMID: 30360780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Endothelial cell (EC)-derived products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as EC messengers that mediate inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects. EC-EVs are a broad term, which encompasses exosomes and microvesicles of endothelial origin. EVs are comprised of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins that reflect not only the cellular origin but also the stimulus that triggered their biogenesis and secretion. This chapter presents an overview of the biology of EC-EVs and summarizes key findings regarding their characteristics, components, and functions. The role of EC-EVs is specifically delineated in pulmonary diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction, including pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
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81
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Bjørge IM, Kim SY, Mano JF, Kalionis B, Chrzanowski W. Extracellular vesicles, exosomes and shedding vesicles in regenerative medicine - a new paradigm for tissue repair. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:60-78. [PMID: 29184934 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration by stem cells is driven by the paracrine activity of shedding vesicles and exosomes, which deliver specific cargoes to the recipient cells. Proteins, RNA, cytokines and subsequent gene expression, orchestrate the regeneration process by improving the microenvironment to promote cell survival, controlling inflammation, repairing injury and enhancing the healing process. The action of microRNA is widely accepted as an essential driver of the regenerative process through its impact on multiple downstream biological pathways, and its ability to regulate the host immune response. Here, we present an overview of the recent potential uses of exosomes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We also highlight the differences in composition between shedding vesicles and exosomes that depend on the various types of stem cells from which they are derived. The conditions that affect the production of exosomes in different cell types are deliberated. This review also presents the current status of candidate exosomal microRNAs for potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine, and in applications involving widely studied organs and tissues such as heart, lung, cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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82
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A Preliminary Study of microRNA-208b after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Impact on 6-Month Survival. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:2410451. [PMID: 29977411 PMCID: PMC5994296 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2410451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction miRNAs contribute to a variety of essential biological processes including development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Circulating microRNAs are very stable and have shown potential as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. microRNA-208b expression was increased in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has been proposed as a biomarker for early diagnosis. In this pilot study, we investigate the potential of circulating miR-208b as a prognostic biomarker of 6-month survival in AMI patients. Methods Plasma samples from 21 patients and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy adults were collected, and circulating levels of miR-208b were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Results miR-208b levels were higher in healthy control subjects (9.6-fold; P ≤ 0.05). Within the AMI patients, the levels of miR-208b were significantly lower in the survivor versus nonsurvivor group (fold change = 6.51 and 14.1, resp.; P ≤ 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the 6-month survival time was significantly higher among AMI patients with a relative expression of miR-208b lower than 12.38. The hazard ratio (HR) for the relative expression of miR-208b (<12.38 was the reference) was 5.08 (95% CI: 1.13–22.82; P = 0.03). Conclusion Our results showed that elevated miR-208b expression was associated with reduced long-term survival in AMI patients. These pilot data indicate the need for a large follow-up study to confirm whether miR-208b can be used as a predictor of 6-month survival time after AMI.
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83
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Exosomes in Severe Asthma: Update in Their Roles and Potential in Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2862187. [PMID: 29854739 PMCID: PMC5964496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2862187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles and have recently been recognized as important players in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain different mediators such as proteins, nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, and other ncRNAs), and lipid mediators and can shuttle their exosomal content to both neighboring and distal cells. Exosomes are very effective in orchestrating immune responses in the airways and all cell types can contribute to the systemic exosome pool. Intracellular communication between the broad range of cell types within the lung is crucial in disease emphasizing the importance of exosomes. In asthma, exosomes affect the inflammatory microenvironment which ultimately determines the development or alleviation of the pathological symptoms. Recent studies in this area have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease and led to interest in using exosomes as potential novel therapeutic agents.
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84
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Alipoor SD, Mortaz E, Varahram M, Movassaghi M, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Adcock IM. The Potential Biomarkers and Immunological Effects of Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:819. [PMID: 29720982 PMCID: PMC5915468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite considerable achievements in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, the global control of the disease remains problematic. In this respect, greater understanding of the disease pathology is crucially needed for earlier diagnosis and more successful treatment to be achieved. Exosomes are nano-sized particles secreted from most cells, which allow cross talk between cells and their surrounding environment via transferring their cargo. Tumor cells, just like normal cells, also secrete exosomes that are termed Tumor-Derived Exosome or tumor-derived exosome (TEX). TEXs have gained attention for their immuno-modulatory activities, which strongly affect the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immune responses. The immunological activity of TEX influences both the innate and adaptive immune systems including natural killer cell activity and regulatory T-cell maturation as well as numerous anti-inflammatory responses. In the context of lung cancer, TEXs have been studied in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis and progression. As such, TEX has the potential to act both as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis as well as the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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85
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Salimian J, Mirzaei H, Moridikia A, Harchegani AB, Sahebkar A, Salehi H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: MicroRNAs and exosomes as new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:27. [PMID: 29692824 PMCID: PMC5894277 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1054_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. Among various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with COPD. It has been shown that deregulation of miRNAs targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as Notch, Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor, Kras, and Smad could be involved in COPD pathogenesis. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes could carry a variety of cargos (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) which transfer various cellular and molecular signals to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various miRNAs which could be applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with COPD. Moreover, we highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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86
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Qiao Y, Liang X, Yan Y, Lu Y, Zhang D, Yao W, Wu W, Yan Z. Identification of Exosomal miRNAs in Rats With Pulmonary Neutrophilic Inflammation Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 29593572 PMCID: PMC5859358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that inhaled zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can modulate inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) enclosed in exosomes have been identified as an important signature for inflammatory responses. However, the role of exosomal miRNAs during pathogenic inflammation has not been investigated. Healthy rats were exposed to ZnO-NPs (41.7 nm; 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg) or saline (control) via oropharyngeal aspiration. ZnO-NPs induced significant increases in the serum levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and elevated the number of cells and the percentage of neutrophils in the blood. Moreover, exposure to ZnO-NPs increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Differential profiling of miRNAs in isolated serum exosomes revealed that 16 miRNAs were up-regulated and 7 down-regulated in ZnO-NP-treated rats compared with the controls. Functional and pathway analysis indicated that miRNAs may participate in inflammation directly and indirectly through protein and vesicle-mediated transport or regulation of IL-1, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. These results suggest that miRNAs in serum exosomes are involved in pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation induced by ZnO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Qiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yake Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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87
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Lal CV, Olave N, Travers C, Rezonzew G, Dolma K, Simpson A, Halloran B, Aghai Z, Das P, Sharma N, Xu X, Genschmer K, Russell D, Szul T, Yi N, Blalock JE, Gaggar A, Bhandari V, Ambalavanan N. Exosomal microRNA predicts and protects against severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515035 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are at high risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by chronic inflammation and inhibition of lung development, which we have recently identified as being modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and alterations in the airway microbiome. Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs may regulate cell differentiation and tissue and organ development. We discovered that tracheal aspirates from infants with severe BPD had increased numbers of, but smaller, exosomes compared with term controls. Similarly, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from hyperoxia-exposed mice (an animal model of BPD) and supernatants from hyperoxia-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (in vitro model of BPD) had increased exosomes compared with air controls. Next, in a prospective cohort study of tracheal aspirates obtained at birth from extremely preterm infants, utilizing independent discovery and validation cohorts, we identified unbiased exosomal miRNA signatures predictive of severe BPD. The strongest signal of reduced miR-876-3p in BPD-susceptible compared with BPD-resistant infants was confirmed in the animal model and in vitro models of BPD. In addition, based on our recent discovery of increased Proteobacteria in the airway microbiome being associated with BPD, we developed potentially novel in vivo and in vitro models for BPD combining Proteobacterial LPS and hyperoxia exposure. Addition of LPS led to a larger reduction in exosomal miR 876-3p in both hyperoxia and normoxia compared with hyperoxia alone, thus indicating a potential mechanism by which alterations in microbiota can suppress miR 876-3p. Gain of function of miR 876-3p improved the alveolar architecture in the in vivo BPD model, demonstrating a causal link between miR 876-3p and BPD. In summary, we provide evidence for the strong predictive biomarker potential of miR 876-3p in severe BPD. We also provide insights on the pathogenesis of neonatal lung disease, as modulated by hyperoxia and microbial product-induced changes in exosomal miRNA 876-3p, which could be targeted for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitharth Vivek Lal
- Department of Pediatrics.,Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, and.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nelida Olave
- Department of Pediatrics.,Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, and
| | | | - Gabriel Rezonzew
- Department of Pediatrics.,Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, and
| | | | | | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics.,Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, and
| | - Zubair Aghai
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pragnya Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nirmal Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Xin Xu
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Kristopher Genschmer
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Derek Russell
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Tomasz Szul
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Alabama, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics.,Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, and
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88
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Asef A, Mortaz E, Jamaati H, Velayati A. Immunologic Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis. TANAFFOS 2018; 17:66-72. [PMID: 30627176 PMCID: PMC6320567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease that affects many organs including, lung, pancreas and liver. Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic disease and occurs in the white Caucasians. Massive neutrophil granulocyte influx in the airways is one of the characteristics of CF. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), microvesicles, and exosomes are vesicles released from cells into extracellular space of the body and are able to influence other cells by different methods. They have an important role in the intracellular communication by transferring information between donor and recipients cells. Granulocytes are known as the main source of microparticles in the CF patients. Microparticles derived from neutrophils are associated with the extensive neutrophil influx into airways and aggregation at the epithelial surface of the CF patient's respiratory tract. Exosomes are found in almost all body fluids, such as urine, sputum, Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL), milk, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), plasma and sputum. Examination of exosomes derived from CF patients may be helpful in the characterization of pathogenesis of disease in detail. In this mini review, we have summarized the role of microparticles and exosomes in pathogenesis of CF and finally discussed the feasibility of this particle in treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Asef
- Department of Biology. Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran- Iran
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran- Iran
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89
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Salamo O, Mortaz E, Mirsaeidi M. Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Pulmonary Medicine and Sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:147-156. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0196tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Salamo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
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90
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Reclusa P, Taverna S, Pucci M, Durendez E, Calabuig S, Manca P, Serrano MJ, Sober L, Pauwels P, Russo A, Rolfo C. Exosomes as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S1373-S1382. [PMID: 29184676 PMCID: PMC5676107 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of exosomes has evolved from be considered garbage bags to the demonstration that exosomes could play very interesting roles and functions, from biomarkers detection to the potential of work as drug delivery systems. It has been widely proved that exosomes can contain key molecules important for the tumour development. The current review summarizes the latest investigations developed in the field of predictive exosomal biomarkers. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are the more known molecules due to their amount inside the exosomes and the sensitivity of the techniques available for their study. However, exosomal proteins, RNA and DNA are becoming an interesting and more feasible field of study due to the improvement in the techniques available for their analysis. In the future years, it is hoped that exosomes will become an established member of the liquid biopsies in the clinical practice due to their diagnostic and prognostic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Reclusa
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simona Taverna
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biopathology and Biomedical Methodology, Biology and Genetic section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Pucci
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biopathology and Biomedical Methodology, Biology and Genetic section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Durendez
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Research Foundation, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paolo Manca
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - María José Serrano
- GENYO, Centre of Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government, Granada, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic Identification-UGR, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laure Sober
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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91
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Dalvi P, Sun B, Tang N, Pulliam L. Immune activated monocyte exosomes alter microRNAs in brain endothelial cells and initiate an inflammatory response through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9954. [PMID: 28855621 PMCID: PMC5577170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune response is critical for homeostasis; however, when chronic low level activation of the immune response with or without the driver continues, a cascade of events can trigger immunological dysfunction. Monocytes are key peripheral sensors of the immune response and their activation is instrumental in the development of cognitive impairment. Here, we show that monocytes activated by interferon alpha, lipopolysaccharide or a combination of both generate exosomes carrying significantly altered microRNA profiles compared to non-activated monocytes. These exosomes alone can activate human brain microvascular endothelial cells to stimulate adhesion molecules, CCL2, ICAM1, VCAM1 and cytokines, IL1β and IL6. This activation is through the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) pathway that activates nuclear factor-κB and increases monocyte chemotaxis. Inhibition of monocyte exosome release reverses endothelial cell activation and monocyte chemotaxis. Our study suggests that activated monocytes have an impact on brain vascular function through intercellular exosome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Dalvi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Pulliam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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92
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Lv L, Li C, Zhang X, Ding N, Cao T, Jia X, Wang J, Pan L, Jia H, Li Z, Zhang J, Chen F, Zhang Z. RNA Profiling Analysis of the Serum Exosomes Derived from Patients with Active and Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1051. [PMID: 28659881 PMCID: PMC5466984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has exceeded HIV as the most lethal infectious disease globally for two consecutive years. Moreover, one third of the world’s population is estimated to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This is mainly because of difficulties associated with diagnosis and treatment for both TB and LTBI patients. Exosomes provide a promising research tool for TB diagnosis and treatment because they are released from various cells containing valuable biochemical information related to disease. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on exosomes derived from clinical specimens of healthy controls (HC), active tuberculosis (ATB), and LTBI patients. Our results revealed the distinct gene expression profiles of the exosomes from LTBI and ATB patients. (1) We identified many distinct up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LTBI and ATB samples, and further screened the top-20 DEGs which might provide a potential panel for differentiation of HC, LTBI, and ATB. (2) We classified all the DEGs into six expression patterns, screened the top-20 genes in each pattern, and mainly focused on those highly expressed in LTBI and ATB. (3) Some Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) RNAs were only enriched in the exosomes of LTBI samples. (4) Pathway and function analysis further indicated down-regulated signaling pathways/immune response and up-regulated apoptosis/necrosis. Our findings indicate the selective packaging of RNA cargoes into exosomes under different stages of Mtb infection, while facilitating the development of potential targets for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Nan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tianshu Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Liping Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentShanghai, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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93
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Alipoor SD, Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Farnia P, Mirsaeidi M, Garssen J, Movassaghi M, Adcock IM. Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection induces exosomal miRNA release by human macrophages. J Transl Med 2017; 15:105. [PMID: 28499455 PMCID: PMC5427544 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern and its diagnosis is challenging due to the limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of the current diagnostic tests. Exosomes are bioactive 30-100 nm vesicles produced by most cell types and are found in almost all human body fluids. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) can transfer biological information between cells and tissues and may act as potential biomarkers in many diseases. In this pilot study, we assessed the miRNA profile of exosomes released from human monocyte-derived macrophages upon infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). METHODS Human monocytes were obtained from the peripheral blood of three healthy subjects and driven to a monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype using standard protocols. MDMs were infected with BCG or left uninfected as control. 72 h post-infection, exosomes were collected from the cell culture medium, RNA was isolated and RNA-seq performed. The raw reads were filtered to eliminate adaptor and primer sequences and the sequences were run against the mature human miRNA sequences available in miRBase. MicroRNAs were identified using an E value <0.01. miRNA network analysis was performed using the DIANA miRNA tool, miRDB and functional KEGG pathway analysis. RESULTS Infection of MDMs with BCG leads to the release of several exosomal miRNAs. These included miR-1224, -1293, -425, -4467, -4732, -484, -5094, -6848-6849, -4488 and -96 all of which were predicted to target metabolism and energy production-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the release of specific exosomal miRNAs from BCG-infected MDMs. These exosomal miRNAs reflect host-pathogen interaction and subversion of host metabolic processes following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Masoud Movassaghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
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94
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Potaczek DP, Harb H, Michel S, Alhamwe BA, Renz H, Tost J. Epigenetics and allergy: from basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Epigenomics 2017; 9:539-571. [PMID: 28322581 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are on the rise in the Western world and well-known allergy-protecting and -driving factors such as microbial and dietary exposure, pollution and smoking mediate their influence through alterations of the epigenetic landscape. Here, we review key facts on the involvement of epigenetic modifications in allergic diseases and summarize and critically evaluate the lessons learned from epigenome-wide association studies. We show the potential of epigenetic changes for various clinical applications: as diagnostic tools, to assess tolerance following immunotherapy or possibly predict the success of therapy at an early time point. Furthermore, new technological advances such as epigenome editing and DNAzymes will allow targeted alterations of the epigenome in the future and provide novel therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN).,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL).,John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN).,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg, Germany
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN).,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
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