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Hu C, Huang Y, Luo P, Yang Y. Effect of antioxidants coenzyme Q10 and β-carotene on the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib against human malignant melanoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 33574947 PMCID: PMC7816282 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of highly invasive skin cancer derived from melanocytes with poor prognosis. Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is a clinically approved targeted therapeutic for BRAF mutant melanoma that has a high therapeutic response rate and significantly prolongs the overall survival time of patients with melanoma. Antioxidants have been widely used as supplements for cancer prevention and for decreasing the side effects of cancer therapy. However, antioxidants can also protect cancer cells from oxidative stress and promote cancer growth and progression. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the antioxidants coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and β-carotene on melanoma cell growth and invasiveness and on the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib against both vemurafenib-sensitive (SK-MEL-28) and vemurafenib-resistant (A2058) human malignant melanoma cell lines. MTS assay and wound-healing assay demonstrated that CoQ10 alone significantly reduced the viability and migration of melanoma cells, respectively, and synergistically worked with vemurafenib to decrease the viability and migration of human melanoma cells. In contrast, MTS assay and flow cytometry revealed that β-carotene alone did not affect the viability and apoptosis induction of melanoma cells; however, it inhibited cell migration and invasiveness. Wound-healing and Transwell assay demonstrated that β-carotene alleviated the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib and mitigated the inhibitory effect of vemurafenib on cell migration and invasion. Both CoQ10 and β-carotene protected melanoma cells from undergoing apoptosis induced by vemurafenib. Immunoblotting demonstrated that β-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway. The present study aimed to add to the evidence of the in vitro effects of CoQ10 and β-carotene on the antimelanoma effects of vemurafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Hu
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Hematopathology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246004, P.R. China
| | - Peixiao Luo
- School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Yang
- School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China.,School of Natural Sciences, The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
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52
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Maghsoudi S, Taghavi Shahraki B, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Bagherzadeh M, Dinarvand R, Ahmadi S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, Hamblin MR, Tayebi L, Webster TJ. The colorful world of carotenoids: a profound insight on therapeutics and recent trends in nano delivery systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3658-3697. [PMID: 33399020 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of carotenoids as dietary supplements to control or even treat some specific diseases including diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, as well as breast, prostate, and skin cancer are discussed in this review and also thoughts on future research for their widespread use are emphasized. From the stability standpoint, carotenoids have low bioavailability and bioaccessibility owing to their poor water solubility, deterioration in the presence of environmental stresses such as oxygen, light, and high heat as well as rapid degradation during digestion. Nanoencapsulation technologies as wall or encapsulation materials have been increasingly used for improving food product functionality. Nanoencapsulation is a versatile process employed for the protection, entrapment, and the delivery of food bioactive products including carotenoids from diverse environmental conditions for extended shelf lives and for providing controlled release. Therefore, we present here, recent (mostly during the last five years) nanoencapsulation methods of carotenoids with various nanocarriers. To us, this review can be considered as the first highlighting not only the potential therapeutic effects of carotenoids on various diseases but also their most effective nanodelivery systems.HighlightsBioactive compounds are of deep interest to improve food properties.Carotenoids (such as β-carotene and xanthophylls) play indispensable roles in maintaining human health and well-being.A substantial research effort has been carried out on developing beneficial nanodelivery systems for various carotenoids.Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids can enhance their functional properties.Stable nanoencapsulated carotenoids could be utilized in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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53
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Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:E5573. [PMID: 33260997 PMCID: PMC7729576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico;
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54
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Effect of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Growth and Biochemical Composition of In-Vitro-Propagated Lavandula angustifolia Mill. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the in vitro development and production of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plant material, and the accumulation of polyphenols, chlorophylls, and carotenoids in explants. Results were compared with explants grown in control media and with in-vivo-grown mature and young L. angustifolia plants. After 21 days of incubation, all explants propagated on low-SA-concentration or elicitor-free media produced a greater number of shoots than explants cultivated on media with higher elicitor concentrations. Shoots grew taller when activated charcoal (AC) was added to the elicitor-supplemented media, while AC negatively affected or had no effect on the phytochemical composition of plants. Explants grown in the presence of elicitors had higher polyphenolic and chlorophyll content than the controls, demonstrating the beneficial impact of elicitors on the secretion of secondary metabolites. Lutein and β-carotene were the dominating carotenoids in all samples. Culture media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L JA and 1.5 mg/L SA + AC proved the most suitable to produce plant material with high polyphenol and carotenoid content, comparable with in-vivo-grown plants.
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55
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Del Mondo A, Smerilli A, Sané E, Sansone C, Brunet C. Challenging microalgal vitamins for human health. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:201. [PMID: 33138823 PMCID: PMC7607653 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins' deficiency in humans is an important threat worldwide and requires solutions. In the concept of natural biofactory for bioactive compounds production, microalgae represent one of the most promising targets filling many biotechnological applications, and allowing the development of an eco-sustainable production of natural bioactive metabolites. Vitamins are probably one of the cutting edges of microalgal diversity compounds. MAIN TEXT Microalgae can usefully provide many of the required vitamins in humans, more than terrestrial plants, for instance. Indeed, vitamins D and K, little present in many plants or fruits, are instead available from microalgae. The same occurs for some vitamins B (B12, B9, B6), while the other vitamins (A, C, D, E) are also provided by microalgae. This large panel of vitamins diversity in microalgal cells represents an exploitable platform in order to use them as natural vitamins' producers for human consumption. This study aims to provide an integrative overview on vitamins content in the microalgal realm, and discuss on the great potential of microalgae as sources of different forms of vitamins to be included as functional ingredients in food or nutraceuticals for the human health. We report on the biological roles of vitamins in microalgae, the current knowledge on their modulation by environmental or biological forcing and on the biological activity of the different vitamins in human metabolism and health protection. CONCLUSION Finally, we critically discuss the challenges for promoting microalgae as a relevant source of vitamins, further enhancing the interests of microalgal "biofactory" for biotechnological applications, such as in nutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabet Sané
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
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56
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A carotenoid-enriched extract from pumpkin delays cell proliferation in a human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line through the modulation of autophagic flux. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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57
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Wasonga DO, Kleemola J, Alakukku L, Mäkelä PSA. Potassium Fertigation With Deficit Irrigation Improves the Nutritive Quality of Cassava. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.575353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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58
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Nkhata SG. Total color change (ΔE∗) is a poor estimator of total carotenoids lost during post-harvest storage of biofortified maize grains. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05173. [PMID: 33072919 PMCID: PMC7548438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Provitamin A biofortified maize is promoted in developing country to curb vitamin A deficiency. To determine the provitamin A carotenoid content of fresh and stored biofortified maize requires analytical techniques that are affordable by the targeted population. In this study color parameters (L∗, a∗, b∗) individually or in combination were used to estimate carotenoid content in high carotenoid biofortified maize. There was an increase in L∗ value with storage indicating grains were becoming lighter while a∗ and b∗ values did not change significantly. Almost all storage bags induced total color change (ΔE∗) greater than 2 which is perceivable by consumers as a deviation from original quality. The coefficient of determination (R2) between carotenoid content and color parameters were high and significant for most color parameters suggesting that they could be used to estimate carotenoid content in biofortified maize. While change of color is indicative of carotenoid degradation, our study found that ΔE∗ is a poor estimator of carotenoids lost during post-harvest storage of biofortified maize. Hue (h∗), L∗ and a∗ gave consistently and significantly higher R2 (p < 0.05) for almost all carotenoids analyzed suggesting that they could be used to generate predictive models for estimating carotenoid content in stored biofortified maize.
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García-García FJ, Monistrol-Mula A, Cardellach F, Garrabou G. Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2785. [PMID: 32933003 PMCID: PMC7551996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world's population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Josep García-García
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Monistrol-Mula
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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60
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Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2738. [PMID: 32911778 PMCID: PMC7551697 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has caused shock waves in many countries, producing a global health crisis worldwide. Lack of knowledge of the biological mechanisms of viruses, plus the absence of effective treatments against the disease (COVID-19) and/or vaccines have pulled factors that can compromise the proper functioning of the immune system to fight against infectious diseases into the spotlight. The optimal status of specific nutrients is considered crucial to keeping immune components within their normal activity, helping to avoid and overcome infections. Specifically, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated and deems six vitamins (D, A, C, Folate, B6, B12) and four minerals (zinc, iron, copper and selenium) to be essential for the normal functioning of the immune system, due to the scientific evidence collected so far. In this report, an update on the evidence of the contribution of nutritional factors as immune-enhancing aspects, factors that could reduce their bioavailability, and the role of the optimal status of these nutrients within the COVID-19 pandemic context was carried out. First, a non-systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of an optimal nutritional status of these nutrients on the proper functioning of the immune system as well as their potential role in COVID-19 prevention/treatment was carried out by searching for available scientific evidence in PubMed and LitCovid databases. Second, a compilation from published sources and an analysis of nutritional data from 10 European countries was performed, and the relationship between country nutritional status and epidemiological COVID-19 data (available in the Worldometers database) was evaluated following an ecological study design. Furthermore, the potential effect of genetics was considered through the selection of genetic variants previously identified in Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAs) as influencing the nutritional status of these 10 considered nutrients. Therefore, access to genetic information in accessible databases (1000genomes, by Ensembl) of individuals from European populations enabled an approximation that countries might present a greater risk of suboptimal status of the nutrients studied. Results from the review approach show the importance of maintaining a correct nutritional status of these 10 nutrients analyzed for the health of the immune system, highlighting the importance of Vitamin D and iron in the context of COVID-19. Besides, the ecological study demonstrates that intake levels of relevant micronutrients-especially Vitamins D, C, B12, and iron-are inversely associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and/or mortality, particularly in populations genetically predisposed to show lower micronutrient status. In conclusion, nutrigenetic data provided by joint assessment of 10 essential nutrients for the functioning of the immune system and of the genetic factors that can limit their bioavailability can be a fundamental tool to help strengthen the immune system of individuals and prepare populations to fight against infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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Rhee YH, Park YK, Kim JS. Pandanus conoideus Lamk Oil Protects Against Inflammation Through Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species in LPS-Induced Murine Macrophages. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Pandanus conoideus Lamk (red fruit oil [RFO]) and establish the signal pathway of the leading compounds. RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were used with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability and the pro-inflammatory factors were investigated using MTT assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantification of leading compounds in RFO was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RFO did not reduce RAW 264.7 cell viability. RFO significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2, and both the protein level and mRNA level of inducible NO synthase in LPS-induced macrophages. RFO also regulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced macrophages. RFO attenuated the translocation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit, phosphorylation of I-κB, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose-dependent manner. HPLC analysis determined that 1 g of RFO had 14.05 ± 0.8 mg of β-cryptoxanthin and 7.4 ± 0.7 mg of β-carotene. In conclusion, RFO provides an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating ROS and NF-κB through mitogen-activated protein kinase due to antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Kyu Park
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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62
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Keirns BH, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Phytochemicals affect T helper 17 and T regulatory cells and gut integrity: implications on the gut-bone axis. Nutr Res 2020; 83:30-48. [PMID: 33010588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of osteoporosis is multifactorial, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of the gut-bone axis, especially in bone loss associated with menopause, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease. Aberrant T cell responses favoring an increase in the ratio of T helper 17 cells to T regulatory cells play a critical role in the underlying etiology of this bone loss. Many of the dietary phytochemicals known to have osteoprotective activity such as flavonoids, organosulfur compounds, phenolic acids, as well as the oligosaccharides also improve gut barrier function and affect T cell differentiation and activation within gut-associated lymphoid tissues and at distal sites. Here, we examine the potential of these phytochemicals to act as prebiotics and immunomodulating agents, in part targeting the gut to mediate their effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
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de Souza Mesquita LM, Mennitti LV, de Rosso VV, Pisani LP. The role of vitamin A and its pro-vitamin carotenoids in fetal and neonatal programming: gaps in knowledge and metabolic pathways. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:76-87. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V Mennitti
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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64
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Shin J, Song MH, Oh JW, Keum YS, Saini RK. Pro-Oxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Triggering Apoptosis of Cancer Cells: A Review of Emerging Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E532. [PMID: 32560478 PMCID: PMC7346220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are well known for their potent antioxidant function in the cellular system. However, in cancer cells with an innately high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), carotenoids may act as potent pro-oxidant molecules and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, the pro-oxidant function of several common dietary carotenoids, including astaxanthin, β-carotene, fucoxanthin, and lycopene, has been investigated for their effective killing effects on various cancer cell lines. Besides, when carotenoids are delivered with ROS-inducing cytotoxic drugs (e.g., anthracyclines), they can minimize the adverse effects of these drugs on normal cells by acting as antioxidants without interfering with their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as pro-oxidants. These dynamic actions of carotenoids can optimize oxidative stress in normal cells while enhancing oxidative stress in cancer cells. This review discusses possible mechanisms of carotenoid-triggered ROS production in cancer cells, the activation of pro-apoptotic signaling by ROS, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, synergistic actions of carotenoids with ROS-inducing anti-cancer drugs are discussed, and research gaps are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Phytosterol vehicles used in a functional product modify carotenoid/cholesterol bioaccessibility and uptake by Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zare M, Norouzi Roshan Z, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Improving the cancer prevention/treatment role of carotenoids through various nano-delivery systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:522-534. [PMID: 32180434 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1738999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the emerging and recent strategies to combat cancer is application of natural bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, astaxanthin, crocin, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein, are the main group of plant pigments which play important roles in the prevention and healing process of different diseases including cancer. The pharmacological use of carotenoid compounds is frequently limited by their low bioavailability and solubility as they are mainly lipophilic compounds. The present study focuses on the current data on formulation of different carotenoid nanodelivery systems for cancer therapy and a brief overview of the obtained results. Encapsulation of carotenoids within different nanocarriers is a remarkable approach and innovative strategy for the improvement of health-promoting features and particularly, cancer prevention/treatment roles of these compounds through enhancing their solubility, cellular uptake, membrane permeation, bioaccessibility, and stability. There is various nanocarrier for loading carotenoids including polymeric/biopolymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, and hybrid nanocarriers. Almost in all relevant studies, these nano delivery systems have shown promising results in improving the efficiency of carotenoids in cancer therapy. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Zare
- Faculty of Medicinal Plants, Department of Basic and Science, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Zahra Norouzi Roshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Baswan SM, Marini A, Klosner AE, Jaenicke T, Leverett J, Murray M, Gellenbeck KW, Krutmann J. Orally administered mixed carotenoids protect human skin against ultraviolet A-induced skin pigmentation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:219-225. [PMID: 32072695 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoprotection of human skin is determined as the capacity of sunscreens to prevent ultraviolet (UV) B radiation-induced erythema and UVA radiation-induced pigmentation. It is unequivocal that, in addition to sunscreens, oral supplementation with carotenoids can protect human skin against UVB radiation-induced erythema. It is not known if this is also the case for UVA radiation-induced pigmentation. OBJECTIVE To clinically evaluate the photoprotective effects of daily supplementation with carotenoids against UVA radiation-induced pigmentation. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 subjects (Fitzpatrick types II-IV) were randomized to receive Nutrilite™ Multi Carotene supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. UVB-induced minimal erythemal dose (MED), UVA-induced minimal persistent pigmentation dose (MPPD) and skin carotenoid levels were measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of intervention. Skin color was evaluated by expert clinical graders and by colorimetry. Carotenoid levels in the skin were measured by the Biozoom® device. RESULTS In the intervention group, a significant increase in comparison with the placebo group was observed in (a) skin carotenoid levels, (b) UVB-induced MED, and (c) UVA-induced MPPD values obtained by colorimetry. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with carotenoids protects human skin against both UVB-induced erythema and UVA-induced pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Marini
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Allison E Klosner
- Nutrilite Health Institute R&D, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Jaenicke
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Mary Murray
- Nutrilite Health Institute R&D, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Nutraceutical Boom in Cancer: Inside the Labyrinth of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061936. [PMID: 32178382 PMCID: PMC7139678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological studies have shown that food is a very powerful means for maintaining a state of well-being and for health prevention. Many degenerative, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases are related to nutrition and the nutrient-organism interaction could define the balance between health and disease. Nutrients and dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena and modify drugs response; therefore, these food-host interactions can influence the individual predisposition to disease and its potential therapeutic response. Do nutraceuticals have positive or negative effects during chemotherapy? The use of nutraceutical supplements in cancer patients is a controversial debate without a definitive conclusion to date. During cancer treatment, patients take nutraceuticals to alleviate drug toxicity and improve long-term results. Some nutraceuticals may potentiate the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy by inducing cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, and alteration of the redox state of cells, but in some cases, high levels of them may interfere with the effectiveness of chemotherapy, making cancer cells less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we highlighted the emerging opinions and data on the pros and cons on the use of nutraceutical supplements during chemotherapy.
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Teramukai K, Kakui S, Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Effective extraction of carotenoids from brown seaweeds and vegetable leaves with edible oils. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cortés-Herrera C, Chacón A, Artavia G, Granados-Chinchilla F. Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados ( Persea americana Mill.). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244517. [PMID: 31835535 PMCID: PMC6943559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado (a fruit that represents a billion-dollar industry) has become a relevant crop in global trade. The benefits of eating avocados have also been thoroughly described as they contain important nutrients needed to ensure biological functions. For example, avocados contain considerable amounts of vitamins and other phytonutrients, such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene), which are fat-soluble. Hence, there is a need to assess accurately these types of compounds. Herein we describe a method that chromatographically separates commercial standard solutions containing both fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A acetate and palmitate, Vitamin D2 and D3, vitamin K1, α-, δ-, and γ-vitamin E isomers) and carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, and lycopene) effectively (i.e., analytical recoveries ranging from 80.43% to 117.02%, for vitamins, and from 43.80% to 108.63%). We optimized saponification conditions and settled at 80 °C using 1 mmol KOH L−1 ethanol during 1 h. We used a non-aqueous gradient that included methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (starting at an 80:20 ratio) and a C30 chromatographic column to achieve analyte separation (in less than 40 min) and applied this method to avocado, a fruit that characteristically contains both types of compounds. We obtained a method with good linearity at the mid to low range of the mg L−1 (determination coefficients 0.9006–0.9964). To determine both types of compounds in avocado, we developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins based on liquid chromatography and single quadrupole mass detection (LC/MS). From actual avocado samples, we found relevant concentrations for cholecalciferol (ranging from 103.5 to 119.5), δ-tocopherol (ranging from 6.16 to 42.48), and lutein (ranging from 6.41 to 15.13 mg/100 g dry weight basis). Simmonds cultivar demonstrated the higher values for all analytes (ranging from 0.03 (zeaxanthin) to 119.5 (cholecalciferol) mg/100 g dry weight basis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; (A.C.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +506-2511-7226
| | - Andrea Chacón
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; (A.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; (A.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
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Mosquera N, Rodriguez-Trillo A, Blanco FJ, Mera-Varela A, Gonzalez A, Conde C. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Inhibits Migration and Invasiveness of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:185-192. [PMID: 31801802 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are pivotal in inflammation and joint damage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They acquire an active and aggressive phenotype, displaying increased migration and invasiveness and contributing to perpetuate synovial inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone. The main current therapies of RA are focused against inflammatory factors and immune cells; however, a significant percentage of patients do not successfully respond. Combined treatments with drugs that control inflammation and that reverse the pathogenic phenotype of FLS could improve the prognosis of these patients. An unexplored area includes the retinoic acid, the main biologic retinoid, which is a candidate drug for many diseases but has reached clinical use only for a few. Here, we explored the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the aggressive phenotype of FLS from patients with RA. RA FLSs were treated with ATRA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or TNF+ATRA, and cell migration and invasion were analyzed. In addition, a microarray analysis of expression, followed by gene-set analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation, was performed. We showed that ATRA induced a notable decrease in FLS migration and invasion that was accompanied by complex changes in gene expression. At supraphysiological doses, many of these effects were overridden or reverted by the concomitant presence of TNF. In conclusion, these results have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of retinoic acid on RA FLS provided TNF could be counterbalanced, either with high ATRA doses or with TNF inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduced the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocyte migration and invasiveness and down-regulated gene expression of cell motility and migration genes. At supraphysiological doses, some of these effects were reverted by tumor necrosis factor. Therefore, ATRA could be an RA drug candidate that would require high doses or combined treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mosquera
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Trillo
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Antonio Mera-Varela
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Carmen Conde
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
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Concha-Meyer AA, Durham CA, Colonna AE, Hasenbeck A, Sáez B, Adams MR. Consumer Response to Tomato Pomace Powder as an Ingredient in Bread: Impact of Sensory Liking and Benefit Information on Purchase Intent. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3774-3783. [PMID: 31750941 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated consumer acceptance and purchase intent (PI) for bread formulated with dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP). DTPP was used to substitute 5 or 10% by weight for a 50/50 mix of white and whole-wheat flour used in a control bread. Consumers (n = 231) evaluated sensory attributes and PI on the breads, which were produced and presented as slices from a typical commercial sandwich loaf. Before answering PI questions, panelists were presented with information regarding the DTPP ingredient. Some received information on nutritional quality, some on sustainability impact, some both, some neither. This approach allowed the impacts of those messages on PI to be tested, along with impact of liking, price, and other factors. PI was analyzed using a fractional logistic model. Statistically significant differences were observed in several sensory attributes, some favoring the DTPP ingredient with overall liking very similar for the 5% DTPP and control bread samples. Price and overall liking were highly significant variables effecting PI. DTPP proved to be an excellent ingredient to replace a portion of wheat flours to improve nutritional value of bread products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) has potential application as an ingredient, since it improved nutritional content, appearance, and color appeal of wheat bread. Furthermore, food producers who are considering the use of byproducts in their product formulations should be encouraged by the finding that informed consumers were as willing to purchase the bread with the ingredient, as they were to purchase a typical comparable sandwich bread without it. Furthermore, both a nutrition message and a sustainability message can increase PI for the bread containing the byproduct relative to their PI toward the control bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal A Concha-Meyer
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Casilla 1007, Talca, 3460000, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Catherine A Durham
- Food Innovation Center Experiment Station, Oregon State Univ., 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97209, U.S.A
| | - Ann E Colonna
- Food Innovation Center Experiment Station, Oregon State Univ., 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97209, U.S.A
| | - Aimee Hasenbeck
- Food Innovation Center Experiment Station, Oregon State Univ., 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97209, U.S.A
| | - Bárbara Sáez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Casilla 1007, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Michael R Adams
- Food Innovation Center Experiment Station, Oregon State Univ., 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97209, U.S.A
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Carotenoids of Capsicum Fruits: Pigment Profile and Health-Promoting Functional Attributes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100469. [PMID: 31600964 PMCID: PMC6827103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper of the Capsicum species is a common ingredient in various food preparations by different cultures worldwide. The Capsicum is recognised by its five main domesticated species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens. The genetic diversity in Capsicum offers fruits in wide ranges of morphology and carotenoid profile. Carotenoids enhance the value of pepper from a nutritional standpoint, despite being commonly prized for the pharmacologically active pungent capsaicinoids. Carotenoids of pepper comprise mainly of the unique, powerful and highly stable capsanthin and capsoroubin, together with β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These carotenoids are present at diverse profile and varying levels, biosynthetically connected to the fruit maturity stages. This review describes the health-promoting functional attributes of the carotenoids that are mainly associated with their excellent role as lipophilic antioxidants. Capsicum as a great source of carotenoids is discussed in the aspects of main domesticated species, biosynthesis, pigment profile, antioxidant activity and safety. Findings from a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies provided appreciable evidence on the protective effects of pepper’s carotenoids against degenerative diseases. Hence, pepper with its functional carotenoids might be recommended in health-promoting and disease preventing strategies.
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Ahmed S, Khan H, Fratantonio D, Hasan MM, Sharifi S, Fathi N, Ullah H, Rastrelli L. Apoptosis induced by luteolin in breast cancer: Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 59:152883. [PMID: 30986716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is worldwide commonly found malignancy in women and effective treatment is regarded as a huge clinical challenge even in the presence of several options. Extensive literature is available that demonstrating polyphenols, the richly introduce phytopharmaceuticals as anticancer agents. Among these polyphenols, resveratrol, silibinin, quercetin, genistein, curcumin reported to have an awesome potential against breast cancer. However, till now no comprehensive survey found about the anticarcinogenic properties of luteolin against breast cancer. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review targeted the available literature on luteolin in the treatment of breast cancer, effects in combination with other anticancer drugs with possible mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION An outstanding therapeutic potential of luteolin in the treatment of breast cancer has been recorded not just as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent yet complemented by its synergistic effects with other anticancer therapies such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and NSAID such as celecoxib, and possible underlying mechanisms. Ideally, this review will open new dimensions for luteolin as an effective and safe therapeutic agent in diminishing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Fathi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Brito AKDS, Lima GDM, Farias LMD, Rodrigues LARL, Carvalho VBLD, Pereira CFDC, Frota KDMG, Conde-Júnior AM, Silva AMO, Rizzo MDS, Fonseca CMB, Moura RCD, Santos RCD, Leite JRDSDA, Santos MAPD, Nunes PHM, Arcanjo DDR, Martins MDCDCE. Lycopene-Rich Extract from Red Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Decreases Plasma Triglycerides and Improves Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on Experimentally-Induced Dyslipidemia in Hamsters. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020393. [PMID: 30781884 PMCID: PMC6412966 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work assessed the effects of a 28-day treatment with lycopene-rich extract (LRE) from red guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Male hamsters (116.5 ± 2.16 g) were fed with the AIN 93G diet containing casein (20%), coconut fat (13.5%) and cholesterol (0.1%). The animals were divided into four groups: normolipidemic control (standard feed; NC, n = 7); hypercholesterolemic control (HC, n = 7); LRE 25 mg/kg/day (LRE-25, n = 7) and LRE 50 mg/kg/day (LRE-50, n = 9). After treatment, plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA-p) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD-e) and the atherogenic index, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA-h), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-h) levels were assessed. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were also determined. The LRE-25 group presented significantly lower TG levels and atherogenic index than did the HC group (p < 0.05). Both LRE-25 and LRE-50 groups presented lower levels of MDA-p and MPO than did the HC group (p < 0.05). LRE demonstrated a promising effect against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geovanni de Morais Lima
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Melo de Farias
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, SG-13, Ininga. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mara Oliveira Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rayane Carvalho de Moura
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, SG-13, Ininga. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Raimunda Cardoso Dos Santos
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Parnaiba, PI 64202-020, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Paulo Humberto Moreira Nunes
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Maria do Carmo de Carvalho E Martins
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
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Mussagy CU, Winterburn J, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pereira JFB. Production and extraction of carotenoids produced by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1095-1114. [PMID: 30560452 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a group of isoprenoid pigments naturally synthesized by plants and microorganisms, which are applied industrially in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical product formulations. In addition to their use as coloring agents, carotenoids have been proposed as health additives, being able to prevent cancer, macular degradation, and cataracts. Moreover, carotenoids may also protect cells against oxidative damage, acting as an antioxidant agent. Considering the interest in greener and sustainable industrial processing, the search for natural carotenoids has increased over the last few decades. In particular, it has been suggested that the use of bioprocessing technologies can improve carotenoid production yields or, as a minimum, increase the efficiency of currently used production processes. Thus, this review provides a short but comprehensive overview of the recent biotechnological developments in carotenoid production using microorganisms. The hot topics in the field are properly addressed, from carotenoid biosynthesis to the current technologies involved in their extraction, and even highlighting the recent advances in the marketing and application of "microbial" carotenoids. It is expected that this review will improve the knowledge and understanding of the most appropriate and economic strategies for a biotechnological production of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - James Winterburn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Valéria Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Fernando Brandão Pereira
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
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77
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Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H, Huja PE, Basu A. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1986. [PMID: 30558282 PMCID: PMC6316450 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999⁻2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
| | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pinar Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
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