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Ramalingam SS, Thara E, Awad MM, Dowlati A, Haque B, Stinchcombe TE, Dy GK, Spigel DR, Lu S, Iyer Singh N, Tang Y, Teslenko I, Iannotti N. JASPER: Phase 2 trial of first-line niraparib plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2022; 128:65-74. [PMID: 34478166 PMCID: PMC9293160 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors may synergize with programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors to enhance adaptive and innate antitumor immune responses. In the phase 2 JASPER study (NCT04475939), the PARP inhibitor niraparib was evaluated in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic and/or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Patients whose tumors had programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion scores (TPS) ≥50% (cohort 1) or 1%-49% (cohort 2) received first-line niraparib (200 mg once daily) plus pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks). The primary end point was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in cohorts 1 and 2. In cohort 1, ORR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 56.3% (9 of 16 patients; 29.9%-80.2%); 2 of 16 patients had complete responses and 7 of 16 had partial responses (PRs). In cohort 2, ORR was 20.0% (5.7%-43.7%) with 4 of 20 PRs. In cohorts 1 and 2, the median DoR was 19.7 months (95% CI, 4.2 months to not estimable [NE]) and 9.4 months (95% CI, 4.2 months to NE), the median PFS was 8.4 months (95% CI, 3.9-22.1 months) and 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.0-6.2 months), and the median OS was NE (95% CI, 6.0 months to NE) and 7.7 months (95% CI, 4.0-12.5 months), respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 88.2% and 85.7% of patients in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Safety was consistent with known profiles of single-agent niraparib and pembrolizumab. CONCLUSIONS Niraparib plus pembrolizumab showed clinical activity in patients with advanced and/or metastatic NSCLC. LAY SUMMARY The JASPER clinical trial studied a new combination treatment for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pembrolizumab, a drug approved for NSCLC, was given with niraparib. Previous research showed that these 2 drugs together might work better than either drug alone. This study found that more than half of patients with high levels of a tumor marker responded to the combination, and one-fifth of patients with lower levels of the marker responded. The types of side effects from the combination were similar to side effects from both drugs alone. These results support more research on this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eddie Thara
- Oncology Institute of Hope and InnovationLos AngelesCalifornia
| | | | - Afshin Dowlati
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
| | - Basir Haque
- Kadlec Clinic Hematology and OncologyKennewickWashington
| | | | - Grace K. Dy
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
| | - David R. Spigel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee OncologyNashvilleTennessee
| | | | | | | | - Iryna Teslenko
- GlaxoSmithKlineWalthamMassachusetts
- Present address:
Lantheus Medical ImagingBostonMassachusetts
| | - Nicholas Iannotti
- Hematology Oncology Associates of the Treasure CoastPort St. LucieFlorida
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Molibeli KM, Hu R, Liu Y, Xiong D, Tang L. Potential Clinical Applications of Exosomal Circular RNAs: More than Diagnosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:769832. [PMID: 34901159 PMCID: PMC8652074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.769832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles derived from cells used as cell-to-cell communication goods in numerous diseases including tumorigenesis, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an innovative constituent of non-coding endogenous RNAs generated through backsplicing, catalyzed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ. These non-coding RNAs have been suggested to control gene expression through miRNA sponging, RNA-binding protein regulation and translational capabilities. Genome-wide RNA sequence analyses observed that circRNAs were stably improved in exosomes in association to parental cells. Little attention has been dedicated to exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs). However, research has demonstrated that exo-circRNAs may have important regulatory functions because of their stability in cells and within exosomes. If well understood, the precise roles and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs might surge the impending clinical applications of these molecules as markers in the identification, prediction and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we outline recent findings regarding exo-circRNAs which includes their functions and highlights their potential applications and therapeutic targets in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearabetsoe Matseliso Molibeli
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuze Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehui Xiong
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune and Prognostic Implication of MMP14 in Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5917506. [PMID: 34868395 PMCID: PMC8635876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5917506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
More and more studies have indicated an association between immune infiltration in lung cancer and clinical outcomes. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of tumors and involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, its contribution to cancer immunity was rarely reported. In the study, we found that MMP14 expression was distinctly upregulated in lung cancer specimens compared with nontumor lung specimens. High MMP14 expression predicted a poor prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Increased MMP14 expressions were observed to be positively related to high immune infiltration levels in most of the immune cells. A pathway enrichment analysis of 32 MMP14-associated immunomodulators indicated the involvement of T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on MMP14-associated immunomodulators, we applied multivariate assays to construct multiple-gene risk prediction signatures. We observed that risk scores were independently associated with overall survival. These data highlighted that MMP14 was involved in tumor immunity, indicating that MMP14 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Our data suggest that the four genes identified in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers of lung cancer patient outcomes.
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Kim EJ, Cho YH, Kim DH, Ko DH, Do EJ, Kim SY, Kim YM, Jung JS, Kang Y, Ji W, Choi MG, Lee JC, Rho JK, Choi CM. A Phase I/IIa Randomized Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of SNK01 Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:1005-1016. [PMID: 34856706 PMCID: PMC9582480 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ex vivo activated and expanded natural killer (NK) cell therapy (SNK01) plus pembrolizumab in a randomized phase I/IIa clinical trial. Materials and Methods Overall, 18 patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who had a history of failed frontline platinum-based therapy were randomized (2:1) to receive pembrolizumab every 3 weeks +/− 6 weekly infusions of SNK01 at either 2×109 or 4×109 cells per infusion (pembrolizumab monotherapy vs. SNK01 combination). The primary endpoint was safety, whereas the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and quality of life. Results Since no dose-limiting toxicity was observed, the maximum tolerated dose was determined as SNK01 4×109 cells/dose. The safety data did not show any new safety signals when SNK01 was combined with pembrolizumab. The ORR and the 1-year survival rate in the NK combination group were higher than those in patients who underwent pembrolizumab monotherapy (ORR, 41.7% vs. 0%; 1-year survival rate, 66.7% vs. 50.0%). Furthermore, the median PFS was higher in the SNK01 combination group (6.2 months vs. 1.6 months, p=0.001). Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, the NK cell combination therapy may consider as a safe treatment method for stage IV NSCLC patients who had a history of failed platinum-based therapy without an increase in adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Wonjun Ji
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Geun Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shi W, Yang X, Xie S, Zhong D, Lin X, Ding Z, Duan S, Mo F, Liu A, Yin S, Jiang X, Xu ZPG, Lu X. A new PD-1-specific nanobody enhances the antitumor activity of T-cells in synergy with dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:184-197. [PMID: 34562519 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many successes and opportunities presented by PD-1 blockade in cancer therapies, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies still face multiple challenges. Herein we report a strategy based on a nanobody (Nb) to circumvent these obstacles. A new PD-1-blocking Nb (PD-1 Nb20) in combination with tumor-specific dendritic cell (DC)/tumor-fusion cell (FC) vaccine that aims to improve the activation, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and tumor cell cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells. This combination was found to effectively enhance the in vitro cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells to kill human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) HCC827 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells, and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) Tca8113 cells. Moreover, CD8+ T-cells pre-treated with PD-1 Nb20 and tumor-specific DC/tumor-FCs significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC-, HCC- and TSCC-derived xenograft tumors and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, through promoting T-cell infiltration to kill tumor cells and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. These data demonstrate that PD-1 Nb20 in synergy with DC/tumor-FC vaccine augment the broad spectrum of antitumor activity of CD8+ T-cells, providing an alternative and promising immunotherapeutic strategy for tumor patients who are T-cell-dysfunctional or not sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Shenxia Xie
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Dani Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xuandong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Ding
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Siliang Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Fengzhen Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Shihua Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Zhi Ping Gordon Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.
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56
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Bobeica C, Rebegea L, Murariu G, Dobre M, Nechita A, Tatu AL, Niculet E, Anghel L, Fotea S, Craescu M. Cutaneous adverse reactions in a lung cancer patient treated with pembrolizumab: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:15. [PMID: 34815767 PMCID: PMC8593923 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of oncological death in the US and worldwide, constituting a significant public health problem. The incidence of lung cancer is on the increase. In the present study, the diagnostic process was carried out and treatment options were considered to determine the therapeutic response of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer. The case of an early stage lung cancer patient who benefited from surgical treatment was presented. The pathology report stated the complete diagnosis to be pleomorphic lung cancer with an adenocarcinoma component, pT2aN0M0, with focal positivity for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and ALK recombinations, having an initial clinical stage of IB and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positivity with a tumor proportion score of over 70%. The patient underwent radiotherapy treatment and was administered osteoclast inhibitors and immunotherapy, with no favorable therapeutic effect and with the presence of secondary cutaneous adverse effects to pembrolizumab. As a main cause of death, lung cancer registers a low general survival rate even in patients with targeted therapies or immunotherapy. By better identifying the patients at risk, one can establish a more efficient personalized treatment; the future objective of scientific studies is the follow-up of adverse effects of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Laura Rebegea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Gabriel Murariu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800201 Galati, Romania
| | - Michaela Dobre
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Pathology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Lucretia Anghel
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Clinical Radiotherapy, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
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Li W, Jiang J, Huang L, Long F. Efficacy of PD-1/L1 inhibitors in brain metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer: pooled analysis from seven randomized controlled trials. Future Oncol 2021; 18:403-412. [PMID: 34787500 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with brain metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer (BM-NSCLC) is inconclusive. Materials & methods: An electronic search was performed. Randomized controlled trials RCTs that compared the efficacy of PD-1- or PD-L1-inhibitor-based regimens with non-PD-1/L1 inhibitor regimens in patients with NSCLC and reported the data of subgroup patients with brain metastases were eligible for inclusion. The hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival and overall survival were pooled in BM-NSCLC. Results: Seven RCTs with 472 BM-NSCLC cases are included. The pooled HRs indicated that PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens reduced risk of disease progression by 44% and reduced risk of death of BM-NSCLC patients by 29% compared with non-PD-1/L1 inhibitor regimens. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors can reduce risk of both disease progression and death of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC, who have been pretreated with local therapies and/or are asymptomatic for the brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Cancer Center, Shanghai Jiahui International Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
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Wu Y, Wu H, Lin M, Liu T, Li J. Factors associated with immunotherapy respond and survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101268. [PMID: 34800914 PMCID: PMC8605342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore factors associated with immunotherapy respond and survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS A total of 101 patients with aNSCLC receiving ICIs were included. The association between clinical factors and multiple endpoints including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated by multivariate analyses. RESULTS Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that clinical stage, lactate dehydrogena (LDH), and any grade immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were independent predictors of ORR, while LDH and ICIs treatment type were independent predictors of DCR. In Multivariate Cox analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), LDH, albumin (Alb), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and any grade irAEs were independent factors for OS. Similarly, clinical stage, LDH, Alb, and any grade irAEs were independent factors for PFS. Pre-treatment prognostic score was established based on clinical stage, ECOG PS, LDH, Alb and PLR to classify patients into three groups: the good group (0-1 score), the intermediate group (2 scores) and the poor group (3-4 scores). The immunotherapy response was significantly different in various prognostic groups. Subset analyses showed pre-treatment prognostic score ≥ 3 tended to have a strong negative impact on survival among patients with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50%. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment prognostic score based on clinical stage, ECOG PS, LDH, Alb and PLR may help to identify aNSCLC patients who may benefit from ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianxiu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Kong F, Chen T, Li X, Jia Y. The Current Application and Future Prospects of Astragalus Polysaccharide Combined With Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737674. [PMID: 34721026 PMCID: PMC8548714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, immunotherapy has been shown to have impressive effects on different cancers in clinical trials. All those immunotherapies are generally derived from three main therapeutic approaches: immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune cell vaccination, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Our research systematically reviewed a wide range of clinical trials and laboratory studies of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and elucidated the potential feasibility of using APS in activating adoptive immunotherapy. Apart from being effective in adaptive “passive” immunotherapy such as lymphokine-activated killer treatment and dendritic cell (DC)–cytokine–induced killer treatment, APS could also regulate the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 on the surface of the immune cells, as a part in the immune checkpoint inhibitory signaling pathway by activating the immune-suppressed microenvironment by regulating cytokines, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and immune cells, such as DCs, macrophages, NK cells, and so on. In view of the multiple functions of APS in immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment, a combination of APS and immunotherapy in cancer treatment has a promising prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Fang X, Wu G, Hua J, Zhao P, Shan M, Wang N, Zeng Y, Ding T, Zhu H, Zhu X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zheng L, Yi X, Gao S. TCF-1 + PD-1 + CD8 +T cells are associated with the response to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:2653-2660. [PMID: 34725738 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells are associated with the response to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS We investigated the expression of TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells and elucidated their predictive role in NSCLC patients. Pretreatment specimens from 20 advanced NSCLC patients who underwent PD-1 immunotherapy or combined with chemotherapy were analyzed. The frequencies of TCF-1+ cells in PD-1+CD8+T cells were determined in these biospecimens using multi-label immunofluorescence staining and multi-spectral acquisition technology. The clinical roles of TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells were assessed via analyzing our cases and human NSCLC data collected from public databases. RESULTS A high frequency of TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells was identified in responders compared with non-responders (p = 0.0024), and the patients with high expression of this cell subset had durable clinical benefit of anti-PD-1 therapy. There were no significant association between the expression of TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells and patients' age, smoking history, pathologic type, and genetic status. In univariate analysis by the Cox hazard model, high frequency of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells was significantly correlated with patients' benefit of PD-1 blockade (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells are associated with the response to PD-1 blockade, and may be a predictor of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengtian Shan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Minhang branch, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Aghamiri SS, Amin R, Helikar T. Recent applications of quantitative systems pharmacology and machine learning models across diseases. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2021; 49:19-37. [PMID: 34671863 PMCID: PMC8528185 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a quantitative and mechanistic platform describing the phenotypic interaction between drugs, biological networks, and disease conditions to predict optimal therapeutic response. In this meta-analysis study, we review the utility of the QSP platform in drug development and therapeutic strategies based on recent publications (2019-2021). We gathered recent original QSP models and described the diversity of their applications based on therapeutic areas, methodologies, software platforms, and functionalities. The collection and investigation of these publications can assist in providing a repository of recent QSP studies to facilitate the discovery and further reusability of QSP models. Our review shows that the largest number of QSP efforts in recent years is in Immuno-Oncology. We also addressed the benefits of integrative approaches in this field by presenting the applications of Machine Learning methods for drug discovery and QSP models. Based on this meta-analysis, we discuss the advantages and limitations of QSP models and propose fields where the QSP approach constitutes a valuable interface for more investigations to tackle complex diseases and improve drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sadat Aghamiri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rada Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Wang CI, Chang YF, Sie ZL, Ho AS, Chang JS, Peng CL, Cheng CC. Irradiation Suppresses IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 and MCL1 Expression in EGFR-Positive Lung Cancer to Augment CD8 + T Cells Cytotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102515. [PMID: 34685495 PMCID: PMC8533912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express immune checkpoints to exhaust CD8+ T cells. Irradiation damages tumor cells and augments tumor immunotherapy in clinical applications. However, the radiotherapy-mediated molecular mechanism affecting CD8+ T cell activity remains elusive. We aimed to uncover the mechanism of radiotherapy augmenting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-positive NSCLC cell lines were co-cultured with CD8+ T cells from healthy volunteers. Tumor cell viability and apoptosis were consequently measured. IFNγ was identified secreted by CD8+ T cells and PBMCs. Therefore, RNAseq was used to screen the IFNγ-mediated gene expression in A549 cells. The irradiation effect to IFNγ-mediated gene expression was investigated using qPCR and western blots. We found that the co-culture of tumor cells stimulated the increase of granzyme B and IFNγ in CD8+ T, but A549 exhibited resistance against CD8+ T cytotoxicity compared to HCC827. Irradiation inhibited A549 proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, augmenting PBMCs-mediated cytotoxicity against A549. We found that IFNγ simultaneously increased phosphorylation on STAT1 and STAT3 in EGFR-positive lung cancer, resulting in overexpression of PD-L1 (p < 0.05). In RNAseq analysis, MCL1 was identified and increased by the IFNγ-STAT3 axis (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that irradiation specifically inhibited phosphorylation on STAT1 and STAT3 in IFNγ-treated A549, resulting in reductions of PD-L1 and MCL1 (both p < 0.05). Moreover, knockdowns of STAT3 and MCL1 increased the PBMCs-mediated anti-A549 effect. This study demonstrated that A549 expressed MCL1 to resist CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor apoptosis. In addition, we found that irradiation suppressed IFNγ-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and PD-L1 and MCL1 expression, revealing a potential mechanism of radiotherapy augmenting immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I. Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Shan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Cao Y, Afzal MZ, Shirai K. Does denosumab offer survival benefits? -Our experience with denosumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4668-4677. [PMID: 34527308 PMCID: PMC8411139 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Denosumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand used to prevent skeletal-related events of bone metastases in solid tumors. We are reporting the clinical outcomes in our NSCLC patients who received RANKL inhibitor in combination with ICIs. Methods This observational study used retrospective data from a tertiary cancer center from 2015–2020. Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients who received denosumab within 30 days of ICIs (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, ipilimumab) were included. Kaplan-Meier curves were obtained for survival analysis. Results We identified 69 patients and all had skeletal metastases, and 37.7% had brain metastases. Median OS was 6.3 months and median PFS was 2.8 months, with overall response rate (ORR) of 18.8% and disease control rate (DCR) of 40.6%. Median OS in patients with concomitant denosumab and ICIs more than 3 months was 11.5 months, comparing to 3.6 months in patients with <3 months of concomitant therapy (P=0.0005). OS and PFS did not differ with respect to brain metastases or number of skeletal metastases. However, the duration of ICIs and denosumab overlap was associated with improved OS and PFS. Among the 18.8% of patients who achieved complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), six-month survival rate was 100% and one-year survival rate was 69.2%. Most of the patients tolerated denosumab well, and hypocalcemia was the most commonly reported side effect. Conclusions Patients receiving combination therapy did not perform poorly comparing to published studies despite of poor prognostic features such as brain metastases and numerous skeletal metastases. Although we did notice potential benefit of the longer duration of concomitant use of ICI and denosumab, future prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the synergistic effect of RANKL inhibitors/ICI and if duration of RANKL inhibitors matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenong Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Muhammad Zubair Afzal
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Keisuke Shirai
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, USA
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Qian W, Zhao M, Wang R, Li H. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1): the next immune checkpoint target. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:147. [PMID: 34526102 PMCID: PMC8444356 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy has achieved significant efficacy by blocking inhibitory pathways to release the function of T lymphocytes. In the clinic, anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have progressed to first-line monotherapies in certain tumor types. However, the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs is still limited due to toxic side effects and de novo or adaptive resistance. Moreover, other immune checkpoint target and biomarkers for therapeutic response prediction are still lacking; as a biomarker, the PD-L1 (CD274, B7-H1) expression level is not as accurate as required. Hence, it is necessary to seek more representative predictive molecules and potential target molecules for immune checkpoint therapy. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a proliferation- and metabolism-related protein secreted by the liver. Multiple studies have confirmed that FGL1 is a newly emerging checkpoint ligand of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), emphasizing the potential of targeting FGL1/LAG3 as the next generation of immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we summarize the substantial regulation mechanisms of FGL1 in physiological and pathological conditions, especially tumor epithelial to mesenchymal transition, immune escape and immune checkpoint blockade resistance, to provide insights for targeting FGL1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 110006, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 110006, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Xu HZ, Li TF, Wang C, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zheng MY, Liu ZJY, Chen JB, Li K, Sun SK, Komatsu N, Xu YH, Zhao L, Chen X. Synergy of nanodiamond-doxorubicin conjugates and PD-L1 blockade effectively turns tumor-associated macrophages against tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:268. [PMID: 34488792 PMCID: PMC8422639 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Turning the TAMs against their host tumor cells is an intriguing therapeutic strategy particularly attractive for patients with immunologically “cold” tumors. This concept was mechanistically demonstrated on in vitro human and murine lung cancer cells and their corresponding TAM models through combinatorial use of nanodiamond-doxorubicin conjugates (Nano-DOX) and a PD-L1 blocking agent BMS-1. Nano-DOX are an agent previously proved to be able to stimulate tumor cells’ immunogenicity and thereby reactivate the TAMs into the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Results Nano-DOX were first shown to stimulate the tumor cells and the TAMs to release the cytokine HMGB1 which, regardless of its source, acted through the RAGE/NF-κB pathway to induce PD-L1 in the tumor cells and PD-L1/PD-1 in the TAMs. Interestingly, Nano-DOX also induced NF-κB-dependent RAGE expression in the tumor cells and thus reinforced HMGB1’s action thereon. Then, BMS-1 was shown to enhance Nano-DOX-stimulated M1-type activation of TAMs both by blocking Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1 in the TAMs and by blocking tumor cell PD-L1 ligation with TAM PD-1. The TAMs with enhanced M1-type repolarization both killed the tumor cells and suppressed their growth. BMS-1 could also potentiate Nano-DOX’s action to suppress tumor cell growth via blocking of Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1 therein. Finally, Nano-DOX and BMS-1 achieved synergistic therapeutic efficacy against in vivo tumor grafts in a TAM-dependent manner. Conclusions PD-L1/PD-1 upregulation mediated by autocrine and paracrine activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling is a key response of lung cancer cells and their TAMs to stress, which can be induced by Nano-DOX. Blockade of Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1, both in the cancer cells and the TAMs, achieves enhanced activation of TAM-mediated anti-tumor response. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01017-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mei-Yan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhang-Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin-Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shi-Kuan Sun
- School of Material Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Ma L, Jin G, Yao K, Yang Y, Chang R, Wang W, Liu J, Zhu Z. Safety and Efficacy of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Compared With Docetaxel for NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699892. [PMID: 34456725 PMCID: PMC8397376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors versus docetaxel for non-small cell lung cancer by meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors versus docetaxel on the treatment of NSCLC were searched in CNKI, WF, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software. Results: Compared with the use of docetaxel chemotherapy for NSCLC, the overall survival and progression-free survival of the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors regimen are better [overall survival: (HR= 0.73, 95%CI:0.69∼0.77, P<0.00001], progression-free survival: (HR= 0.89, 95%CI:0.83∼0.94, P<0.00001]), and lower incidence of treatment-related grade 3 or higher adverse events ([OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.13∼0.31, P<0.00001]). Conclusion: Compared with the docetaxel chemotherapy regimen, the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors has certain advantages in terms of efficacy and safety. The results still need to be confirmed by a multi-center, large sample, and high-quality research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keying Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruitong Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zijiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Simundza I, Krnic D, Juricic J, Benzon B, Simundza R, Stanicic IM, Capkun V, Vukojevic K, Glavina Durdov M. Expression of PD-L1 Is Associated with Inflammatory Microenvironment in Surgical Specimens of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080767. [PMID: 34442411 PMCID: PMC8398962 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its correlation with immune microenvironment response (IMR), clinic-pathological parameters, and outcome. The sample included 76 male and 32 female patients who underwent surgical resection. The mean age of the males was 66 years, and that of the females was 64 years. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was diagnosed in 68 (63%) cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 35 (32%) cases, and NSCLC (not otherwise specified) in 5 (5%) cases. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 38 (36%) patients, 18 with N1 nodes and 20 with N2 nodes. PD-L1 expression was valuated as the percentage of positive cancer cells among all cancer cells. Gender, age, and histologic type were not associated with PD-L1 expression (all p > 0.05). The subtypes of ADC were associated with PD-L1 expression (p = 0.050). The papillary subtype was 4.3 times more common among PD-L1 negative than PD-L1 positive ADC; the solid subtype was 1.9 times more common among PD-L1 positive than PD-L1 negative ADC. IMR was predominantly strong in 19 cases, weak in 36, and absent in 53 cases. The median value of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells was positively correlated with IMR (p = 0.039). PD-L1 expression was not correlated with overall survival (p = 0.643). The patients with strong, inflammatory-like IMR had an average survival time that was 12 months longer than patients with absent/low IMR (LR = 2.8; p = 0.132). In conclusion, the papillary subtype was more commonly PD-L1 negative in comparison with other subtypes of ADC. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was connected with strong, inflammatory-like IMR. Patients with strong IMR tended to experience better outcomes. Further investigations are needed on larger-scale cohorts to elucidate the insights of this descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Simundza
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Dragan Krnic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Josko Juricic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Rina Simundza
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Mario Stanicic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Capkun
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.B.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (M.G.D.)
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Liu Y, Lu M, Chen J, Li S, Deng Y, Yang S, Ou Q, Li J, Gao P, Luo Z, Yuan P, Tan J, Gao X. Extracellular vesicles derived from lung cancer cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia upregulate programmed death ligand 1 expression in macrophages. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:893-906. [PMID: 34254261 PMCID: PMC9130183 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), compromises immune surveillance through the upregulation of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1). Tumor-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been reported to modulate immunosuppressive activities. We investigated whether or not EVs derived from intermittent hypoxic lung cancer cells can alter the expression of PD-L1 in macrophages. Methods The expression of PD-L1+monocytes from 40 patients with newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and with (n=21) or without (n=19) OSA were detected. Plasma EVs isolated from NSCLC patients with moderate–severe OSA (n=4) and without OSA (n=4) were co-cultured with macrophages. A549 cells were exposed to normoxia or IH (48 cycles of 5 min of 1% O2 hypoxia, followed by 5 min of normoxia). EVs were isolated from cell supernatant and were co-cultured with macrophages differentiated from THP-1. PD-L1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) expressions were measured by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. Results PD-L1+monocytes were elevated in NSCLC patients with OSA and increased with the severity of OSA and nocturnal desaturation. PD-L1+ macrophages were induced by EVs from NSCLC patients with OSA and positively correlated with HIF-1α expressions. EVs from IH-treated A549 can promote PD-L1 and HIF-1α expression in macrophages and the upregulation of PD-L1 expression was reversed by specific HIF-1α inhibitor. Conclusion IH can enhance the function of EVs derived from lung cancer cells to aggravate immunosuppressive status in macrophages. HIF-1α may play an important role in this process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11325-021-02369-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minzhen Lu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Siqi Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shifang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiong Ou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zeru Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianlong Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinglin Gao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongshan 2nd road No. 106, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Sheng J, Wang H, Liu X, Deng Y, Yu Y, Xu P, Shou J, Pan H, Li H, Zhou X, Han W, Sun T, Pan H, Fang Y. Deep Sequencing of T-Cell Receptors for Monitoring Peripheral CD8 + T Cells in Chinese Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With the Anti-PD-L1 Antibody. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:679130. [PMID: 34307450 PMCID: PMC8299707 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.679130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atezolizumab, a high-affinity engineered human anti-PD-L1 antibody, has produced a clinical benefit for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, associated with T-cell regulation, the immunomodulatory effect of PD-L1 blockade and its biomarker in peripheral immunity remains elusive. Methods: In a prospective cohort with 12 Chinese advanced NSCLC patients who received atezolizumab 1,200 mg every 3 weeks as a second-line treatment, blood samples were obtained before and 6 weeks after atezolizumab initiation, and when disease progression was confirmed. Patients were classified into a response or progression group according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients were stained with antihuman CD3, CD8, and PD-1 antibodies for flow cytometry analysis. T-cell receptor (TCR)-β chains of CD8+ T cells were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the deep level. Diversity, clonality, and similarity of TCR have been calculated before and after treatment in both groups. Results: Clonal expansion with high PD-1 expression was detected in all patients' peripheral CD8+ T cells before the treatment of atezolizumab. Unlike the progression group, the diversity of TCR repertoire and singletons in the TCRβ pool increased over time with atezolizumab administration, and the TCR repertoire dynamically changes in the response group. The percentage of CD8+ PD-1high terminal exhausted T cells declined in the response group after the PD-L1 blockade. Two patterns of TCR changes among patients who received PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy were observed. Conclusions: Deep sequencing of the T-cell receptors confirmed the existence of CD8+ PD-1high T cells with an exhaustion phenotype in Chinese NSCLC patients. Our study demonstrated that efficient anti-PD-L1 therapy could reshape the TCR repertoire for antitumor patients. Furthermore, singleton frequency may help us select patients who are sensitive to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huadi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yunyun Deng
- Hangzhou ImmuQuad Biotechnologies, LLC, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Hangzhou ImmuQuad Biotechnologies, LLC, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Hangzhou ImmuQuad Biotechnologies, LLC, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Shou
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Hangzhou ImmuQuad Biotechnologies, LLC, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang-California International Nano-Systems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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70
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Conroy MJ, Kennedy SA, Doyle SL, Hayes B, Kavanagh M, van der Stok EP, O'Sullivan K, Cathcart MC, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. A study of the immune infiltrate and patient outcomes in esophageal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:395-404. [PMID: 32940666 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer patient outcomes and selection for novel therapies are heavily influenced by the immune contexture of the tumor microenvironment. Esophageal cancer is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast to colorectal cancer, where the immunoscore is increasingly used in prognostic staging, little is known about the immune cell populations in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and their clinical significance. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed from resected tumor tissue of 72 EAC patients and 23 SCC patients. Immunohistochemical staining of CD3, CD8, CD56, CD68, CD45RO, CD69, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, TGF-β, FOXP3 and CD107a was performed. Positivity was examined in both the stromal and epithelial compartments. Statistical analysis was performed to identify differences in immune cell infiltration and functional phenotypes between cancer subtypes and tissue compartments. RESULTS This study identified that esophageal tumors are enriched with CD45RO+ and CD8+ cells and such positivity is significantly higher in SCC compared with EAC. Furthermore, the expression of CD45RO positively correlates with that of CD8 within the tumors of both patient cohorts, suggesting a dominance of memory cytotoxic T cells. This is supported by strong positivity of degranulation marker CD107a in the stromal compartment of EAC and SCC tumors. Cytokine staining revealed a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory profile within EAC tumors. CONCLUSIONS Esophageal tumors are enriched with memory cytotoxic T cells. Applying these measurements to a larger cohort will ascertain the clinical utility of assessing specific lymphocyte infiltrates in EAC and SCC tumors with regards to future immunotherapy use, patient prognosis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Conroy
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan A Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Doyle
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital and Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Kavanagh
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Katie O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- National Esophageal and Gastric Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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71
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Virtual Evolution of HVEM Segment for Checkpoint Inhibitor Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126638. [PMID: 34205742 PMCID: PMC8234244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy has emerged as an effective treatment against cancers. Inspired by the PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, which have achieved great success in clinical, other immune checkpoint proteins have drawn increasing attention in cancer research. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) are potential targets for drug development. The co-crystal structure of BTLA/HVEM have revealed that HVEM (26-38) fragment is the core sequence which directly involved on the interface. Herein, we conducted virtual evolution with this sequence by using saturation mutagenesis in silico and mutants with lower binding energy were selected. Wet-lab experiments confirmed that several of them possessed higher affinity with BTLA. Based on the best mutant of the core sequence, extended peptides with better efficacy were obtained. Furthermore, the mechanism of the effects of mutations was revealed by computational analysis. The mutated peptide discovered here can be a potent inhibitor to block BTLA/HVEM interaction and its mechanism may extend people's view on inhibitor discovery for the checkpoint pair.
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72
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Meng L, Ma R, Yan R, Yuan D, Li Y, Shi L, Li K. Profiles of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1152-1163. [PMID: 34295564 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thus far, few studies have systematically analyzed the profiles of immune cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the purpose of our study was to comprehensively analyze the 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and the immune subtypes of HCC, as well as the factors associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Methods In this study, we evaluated the abundance of 22 tumor-infiltrating immunocytes of 371 HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and defined immune subtypes of HCC according to unsupervised cluster analysis. The immune score of HCC patients was calculated by the prognostic regression model, while the survival analysis was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, the consistency index of TIICs and principal component analysis (PCA) of immunomodulator genes were estimated. Results The results of this study showed that three distinct immune subtypes of HCC were stratified, and the C1 subtype and C3 subtype were correlated with a good prognosis. The cellular composition of three immune subtypes was different. Moreover, immunomodulator gene and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) expression in the C1 subtype was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions This suggested that the low immune score of HCC patients is associated with better clinical outcomes. In addition, the interaction network of cluster of differentiation CD8+ T cells was mainly concentrated in the C1 subtype. Taken together, this study showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells can perhaps be an important determinant of clinical outcomes of patients with HCC and may provide biomarkers to reflect the immunotherapy response. Notably, the C1 subtype of HCC may be used as an important predictive factor for immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dawei Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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73
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Nie X, Xia L, Gao F, Liu L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Duan H, Yao Y, Chen Z, Lu S, Wang Y, Yang C. Serum Metabolite Biomarkers Predictive of Response to PD-1 Blockade Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:678753. [PMID: 34095230 PMCID: PMC8176105 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.678753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite remarkable success of immunotherapies with checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), the majority of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have yet to receive durable benefits. We used the metabolomic profiling of early on-treatment serum to explore predictors of clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1 treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We recruited 74 Chinese patients who had stage IIIB/IV NSCLC-proven tumor progression and were treated with PD-1 inhibitor. The study was comprised of a discovery cohort of patients treated with nivolumab and two validation cohorts of patients receiving tislelizumab or nivolumab. Serum samples were collected 2-3 weeks after the first infusion of PD-1 inhibitor. Metabolomic profiling of serum was performed using ultrahigh performance lipid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The serum metabolite biomarkers were identified using an integral workflow of nontargeted metabolomic data analysis. Results: A serum metabolite panel consisting of hypoxanthine and histidine was identified and validated as a predictor of response to PD-1 blockade treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. High levels of both hypoxanthine and histidine in early on-treatment serum were associated with improved progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.078, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.027-0.221, p < 0.001] and overall survival (HR = 0.124, 95% CI, 0.039-0.397, p < 0.001) in the discovery cohort. The serum metabolite panel showed a high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing responders and non-responders in the validation cohorts 1 and 2, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.933 and 1.000, respectively. High levels of serum hypoxanthine and histidine were correlated with improved progression-free survival in the validation cohort 1 (HR = 0.137, 95% CI, 0.040-0.467, p = 0.001) and in the validation cohort 2 (HR = 0.084, 95% CI, 0.009-0.762, p = 0.028). Conclusion: Our results revealed that hypoxanthine and histidine in early on-treatment serum are predictive biomarkers of response to PD-1 blockade therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The serum biomarker panel would enable early identification of NSCLC patients who may benefit from PD-1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Nie
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Gao
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangqi Duan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yao
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Alsharairi NA. Scutellaria baicalensis and Their Natural Flavone Compounds as Potential Medicinal Drugs for the Treatment of Nicotine-Induced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5243. [PMID: 34069141 PMCID: PMC8155851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids as the largest group of natural phytochemical compounds have received significant attention, as demonstrated by clinical trials, due to their chemotherapeutic and/or pharmacological effects against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and asthma. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis), known as one of the most popular medicinal plants and used in several countries, contains natural active flavone constituents, with the major compounds of the roots being baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside and oroxylin A. S. baicalensis and their compounds are proven to have inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells when used at different concentrations. However, the exact mechanisms by which these compounds exert their therapeutic effects against asthma remain unexplored. Indeed, the mechanisms by which S. baicalensis and its flavone compounds exert a protective effect against nicotine-induced NSCLC and asthma are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this review explores the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic potential of flavone-rich extracts from S. baicalensis in nicotine-induced NSCLC and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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75
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Gu G, Hu C, Hui K, Chen T, Zhang H, Jiang X. NEAT 1 knockdown enhances the sensitivity of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells to anlotinib. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13941-13953. [PMID: 33982669 PMCID: PMC8202848 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anlotinib treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is hindered by drug insensitivity. Downregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 can suppress the proliferation and invasion by NSCLC cells. This study explored the role of the combination of anlotinib with NEAT1 knockdown on NSCLC progression. A549 and NCI-H1975 cells were used to evaluate the effect of anlotinib with NEAT 1 knockdown on NSCLC cells in vitro. The proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells were evaluated with CCK-8 assays, EdU staining, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry. The antitumor effect of anlotinib with NEAT 1 knockdown was further explored in a mouse xenograft model. NEAT 1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. NEAT 1 knockdown also increased the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of anlotinib through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The inhibitory effect of anlotinib on tumor growth was boosted in the presence of NEAT 1 knockdown in vivo. NEAT 1 knockdown promoted NSCLC cell sensitivity to anlotinib in vitro and in vivo. Thus, combined treatment of anlotinib with NEAT 1 knockdown may provide a new combined therapeutic approach for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
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Yang R, Shen S, Gong C, Wang X, Luo F, Luo F, Lei Y, Wang Z, Xu S, Ni Q, Xue Y, Fu Z, Zeng L, Fang L, Yan Y, Zhang J, Gan L, Yi J, Zhou P. Bispecific Antibody PD-L1 x CD3 Boosts the Anti-Tumor Potency of the Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654080. [PMID: 34040604 PMCID: PMC8141752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy has benefited some patients in clinical trials, but the overall efficacy is low for solid tumor patients. In this study, a bispecific antibody against both PD-L1 and CD3 (PD-L1 x CD3), Y111, could efficiently bridge T cells and PD-L1 expressing tumor cells. The Y111 prompted fresh CD8+ T cell-mediated lysis of H358 cells, but spared this effect on the fresh Vδ2+ T cells enriched from the same donors, which suggested that Y111 could bypass the anti-tumor capacity of the fresh Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. As the adoptive transfer of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells was approved to be safe and well-tolerated in clinical trials, we hypothesized that the combination of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells with the Y111 would provide an alternative approach of immunotherapy. Y111 induced the activation of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in a dose-dependent fashion in the presence of PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Moreover, Y111 increased the cytotoxicity of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells against various NSCLC-derived tumor cell lines with the releases of granzyme B, IFNγ, and TNFα in vitro. Meanwhile, the adoptive transferred Vγ2Vδ2 T cells together with the Y111 inhibited the growth of the established xenografts in NPG mice. Taken together, our data suggested a clinical potential for the adoptive transferring the Vγ2Vδ2 T cells with the Y111 to treat PD-L1 positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Susu Shen
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyan Luo
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Ni
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Fang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizu Yi
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
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Ribbat-Idel J, Dressler FF, Krupar R, Watermann C, Paulsen FO, Kuppler P, Klapper L, Offermann A, Wollenberg B, Rades D, Laban S, Reischl M, Bruchhage KL, Idel C, Perner S. Performance of Different Diagnostic PD-L1 Clones in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640515. [PMID: 33987192 PMCID: PMC8110724 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with specific diagnostic biomarkers presents new challenges to pathologists as tumor tissue needs to be tested for expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) for a variety of indications. As there is currently no requirement to use companion diagnostic assays for PD-L1 testing in Germany different clones are used in daily routine. While the correlation of staining results has been tested in various entities, there is no data for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) so far. Methods: We tested five different PD-L1 clones (SP263, SP142, E1L3N, 22-8, 22C3) on primary HNSCC tumor tissue of 75 patients in the form of tissue microarrays. Stainings of both immune and tumor cells were then assessed and quantified by pathologists to simulate real-world routine diagnostics. The results were analyzed descriptively and the resulting staining pattern across patients was further investigated by principal component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization clustering. Results: Percentages of positive immune and tumor cells varied greatly. Both the resulting combined positive score as well as the eligibility for certain checkpoint inhibitor regimens was therefore strongly dependent on the choice of the antibody. No relevant co-clustering and low similarity of relative staining patterns across patients was found for the different antibodies. Conclusions: Performance of different diagnostic anti PD-L1 antibody clones in HNSCC is less robust and interchangeable compared to reported data from other tumor entities. Determination of PD-L1 expression is critical for therapeutic decision making and may be aided by back-to-back testing of different PD-L1 clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julika Ribbat-Idel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Franz F Dressler
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Krupar
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Watermann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Finn-Ole Paulsen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patrick Kuppler
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Luise Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MRI Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Idel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.,Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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Cheng Y, Mo F, Li Q, Han X, Shi H, Chen S, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting CXCR2 inhibits the progression of lung cancer and promotes therapeutic effect of cisplatin. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:62. [PMID: 33814009 PMCID: PMC8019513 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-resistance and severe side effects of chemotherapeutic agents result in unsatisfied survival of patients with lung cancer. CXCLs/CXCR2 axis plays an important role in progression of cancer including lung cancer. However, the specific anti-cancer mechanism of targeting CXCR2 remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCR2 was performed on the microarray of tumor tissues of clinical lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. CCK8 test, TUNEL immunofluorescence staining, PI-Annexin V staining, β-galactosidase staining, and Western blot were used to verify the role of CXCR2 in vitro. Animal models of tail vein and subcutaneous injection were applied to investigate the therapeutic role of targeting CXCR2. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed for further mechanistic investigation. Results The expression of CXCR2 was elevated in both human lung cancer stroma and tumor cells, which was associated with patients’ prognosis. Inhibition of CXCR2 promoted apoptosis, senescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and anti-proliferation of lung cancer cells. In vivo study showed that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were significantly infiltrate into tumor tissues of mouse model, with up-regulated CXCLs/CXCR2 signaling and suppressive molecules, including Arg-1 and TGF-β. SB225002, a selective inhibitor of CXCR2 showed promising therapeutic effect, and significantly reduced infiltration of neutrophils and enhanced anti-tumor T cell activity via promoting CD8+ T cell activation. Meanwhile, blockade of CXCR2 could enhance therapeutic effect of cisplatin via regulation of neutrophils infiltration. Conclusions Our finds verify the therapeutic effects of targeting CXCR2 in lung cancer and uncover the potential mechanism for the increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by antagonists of CXCR2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01355-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Augustus E, Zwaenepoel K, Siozopoulou V, Raskin J, Jordaens S, Baggerman G, Sorber L, Roeyen G, Peeters M, Pauwels P. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy-The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Unraveling the Puzzle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1675. [PMID: 33918147 PMCID: PMC8036384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immunotherapy has been one of the most important advances in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment landscape. Nevertheless, only a subset of NSCLC patients benefits from it. Currently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved diagnostic test for first-line immunotherapy in metastatic NSCLC patients uses tissue biopsies to determine the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. However, obtaining tumor tissue is not always feasible and puts the patient at risk. Liquid biopsy, which refers to the tumor-derived material present in body fluids, offers an alternative approach. This less invasive technique gives real-time information on the tumor characteristics. This review addresses different promising liquid biopsy based biomarkers in NSCLC patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy. The challenges and the opportunities of blood-based biomarkers such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, epigenetic signatures, microRNAs (miRNAs) and the T cell repertoire will be addressed. This review also focuses on the less-studied feces-based and breath-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Augustus
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jo Raskin
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Stephanie Jordaens
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Health Unit, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Laure Sorber
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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80
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Tang M, Li Y, Luo X, Xiao J, Wang J, Zeng X, Hu Q, Chen X, Tan SJ, Hu J. Identification of Biomarkers Related to CD8 + T Cell Infiltration With Gene Co-expression Network in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606106. [PMID: 33816462 PMCID: PMC8012856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer in adults worldwide. With the development of modern medicine, cancer treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system might be particularly effective for treating LSCC. In this research, LSCC expression data, which quantify the cellular composition of immune cells, were analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and a deconvolution algorithm based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the results indicated a close relationship between LSCC and CD8+ T cells. Six hub genes (SYT3, METTL8, HSPB3, GFM1, ERLIN2, and CLCN2) were verified by gene-gene network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. We found that the six hub genes were increased in cancer tissues and were closely correlated with cancer development and progression. After immune correlation analysis, METTL8 was selected as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, we found that the METTL8 levels were increased in multiple lung cancer cell lines and LSCC tissues. METTL8 inhibition could clearly induce G1 cell cycle arrest and suppress proliferation. Therefore, METTL8, which is related to CD8+ T cell infiltration, might be identified as a potential biomarker and gene therapy target in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yukun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xianyu Luo
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qihao Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Si-Jie Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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81
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Liu Y, Jiang J, Liu C, Zhao W, Ma Y, Zheng Z, Zhou Q, Zhao Y. Synergistic anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody cationic microbubbles for delivery of the miR-34a gene combined with ultrasound on cervical carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:988-1005. [PMID: 33841635 PMCID: PMC8014418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the synergistic effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody cationic microbubbles (MBs) for delivery of the miR-34a gene combined with ultrasound in inhibiting the cervical cancer. H&E stain, TUNEL, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the change of apoptosis regulatory factors, and immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry and LDH assays were applied to evaluate the changing of immunomodulatory. In this experiment the PD-L1 Ab/miR-34a-MBs were prepared successfully. The cell targeting assay showed that U14 cells were surrounded by the PD-L1 Ab/miR-34a-MBs and microbubbles had well contrast imaging capability in vivo. With the irradiation power was 1 W/cm2 and the irradiation time was 25 s, the gene transfection efficiency was the highest using EGFP plasmid lorded microbubbles. In vivo anti-tumor assays, the PD-L1 Ab/miR-34a-MBs showed a great potential in inhibiting tumor growth with a TGI of >50%. PD-L1 Ab/miR-34a-MBs treatment enhanced the anti-tumor effect compared with that induced by PD-L1 Ab or miR-34a alone. Firstly, PD-L1 Ab/miR-34a-MBs could gather miR-34a with high-concentration aggregation and releasing around the cervical cancer, which takes a significant role in promoting apoptosis by downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax. Furthermore, combination therapy was found to augment the activation of T lymphocytes proliferation and increase CD8+ T cells infiltration, to enhance antitumor immune killing effect. The anti-PD-L1 antibody microbubbles for delivery miR-34a gene with ultrasound were considered to be a promising combination therapy regimen via initiating apoptotic mechanism of the tumor and anti-tumor immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Echo Laboratory, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinjun Jiang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and ImmunotherapyYichang, China
| | - Wensi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Echo Laboratory, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and ImmunotherapyYichang, China
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82
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Mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:146-164. [PMID: 33608812 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which represents 80-85% of lung cancer cases, is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. The majority of patients undergo an intensive and invasive treatment regimen, which may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these, depending on disease stage and performance status. Despite advances in therapeutic regimens, the 5-year survival of NSCLC is approximately 20-30%, largely due to diagnosis at advanced stages. Conventional chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for patients with NSCLC, especially those with advanced disease. However, the emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (chemoresistance) poses a significant obstacle to the management of patients with NSCLC. Therefore, to develop efficacious chemotherapeutic approaches for NSCLC, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance. Several mechanisms are known to mediate chemoresistance. These include altered cellular targets for chemotherapy, decreased cellular drug concentrations, blockade of chemotherapy-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes, deregulated expression of microRNAs, epigenetic modulation, and the interaction with tumor microenvironments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in NSCLC and discuss potential strategies to avoid or overcome chemoresistance.
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83
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Qu J, Mei Q, Liu L, Cheng T, Wang P, Chen L, Zhou J. The progress and challenge of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:1758835921992968. [PMID: 33643442 PMCID: PMC7890731 DOI: 10.1177/1758835921992968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors is the standard therapy for the first-line or second-line treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast to current traditional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatments can directly attenuate tumour-mediated exhaustion and effectively modulate the host anti-tumour immune response in vivo. In addition, compared with traditional therapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy can significantly prolong survival without obvious side effects in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Ideally, several biomarkers could be used to monitor the safety and effectiveness of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatments; however, the current lack of optimal prognostic markers remains a widespread limitation and challenge for further clinical applications, as does the possibility of immune-related adverse events and drug resistance. In this review, we aimed to summarise the latest progress in anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatment of advanced NSCLC, worldwide, including in China. An exploration of underlying biomarker identification and future challenges will be discussed in this article to facilitate translational studies in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Quanhui Mei
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
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84
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Toland A, Huntoon K, Dahiya SM. Meningioma: A Pathology Perspective. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:11-21. [PMID: 33588439 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are dural-based neoplasms that account for ∼37% of all intracranial tumors in the adult population. They can occur anywhere within the central nervous system and have a predilection for females. The World Health Organization classifies meningiomas into 3 grades based on increased risk of recurrence and associated mortality in grade III tumors. Although most tumors are categorized as low-grade, up to ∼15%-20% demonstrate more aggressive behavior. With the long-recognized association with neurofibromatosis type 2 gene mutation, putative driver mutations can be attributed to ∼80% of tumors. Several germline mutations have also been identified in some cases of familial meningiomatosis such as SMARCE1, SUFU, PTEN, and BAP1. Finally, in addition to genetic data, epigenetic alterations, specifically deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, are being increasingly recognized for their prognostic value, potentially adding objectivity to a currently subjective grading scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonika M Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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85
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Wang T, Li P, Wan T, Tu B, Li J, Huang F. TIGIT/PVR and LncRNA ANRIL dual-targetable PAMAM polymeric nanoparticles efficiently inhibited the hepatoma carcinoma by combination of immunotherapy and gene therapy. J Drug Target 2021; 29:783-791. [PMID: 33480288 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1879088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel polymeric nanoparticle was designed to inhibit hepatoma carcinoma by simultaneously targeting the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)/poliovirus receptor (PVR) and long noncoding RNAs antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (LncRNA ANRIL). Firstly, the siANRIL-loaded nanoparticles (NP-siANRIL) was developed by methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM) and polyamidoamine-poly (ethylene glycol)-disulphide bond-carboxyl (PAMAM-PEG-S2-COOH) using the self-assembly method. Then the DTBP-3 peptide, a newly developed identified peptide which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR, was further conjugated on the surface of NP-siANRIL via the glutathione (GSH)-sensitive disulphide linkage. In this way, the binding ability of DTBP-3 to TIGIT was remained once they were entrapped into the tumour tissues which were abundant of GSH. The present study demonstrated that DTBP-3NP-siANRIL exhibited an excellent anti-tumour effect on hepatoma carcinoma in vivo by simultaneously inhibited the expression of miR-203a and its downstream genes and increased the percentages of NK cells and T cells. In a word, the present study has presented a novel strategy for treatment of hepatoma carcinoma by simultaneously targeting of TIGIT/PVR and LncRNA ANRIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Tu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hagaman DE, Damasco JA, Perez JVD, Rojo RD, Melancon MP. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Molecules 2021; 26:E384. [PMID: 33450939 PMCID: PMC7828457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer can develop painful and debilitating bone metastases. Currently available interventions for prostate cancer bone metastases, including chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, and radiopharmaceuticals, are only palliative. They can relieve pain, reduce complications (e.g., bone fractures), and improve quality of life, but they do not significantly improve survival times. Therefore, additional strategies to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases are needed. Nanotechnology is a versatile platform that has been used to increase the specificity and therapeutic efficacy of various treatments for prostate cancer bone metastases. In this review, we summarize preclinical research that utilizes nanotechnology to develop novel diagnostic imaging tools, translational models, and therapies to combat prostate cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Hagaman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.E.H.); (J.A.D.); (J.V.D.P.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Jossana A. Damasco
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.E.H.); (J.A.D.); (J.V.D.P.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Joy Vanessa D. Perez
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.E.H.); (J.A.D.); (J.V.D.P.); (R.D.R.)
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila NCR 1000, Philippines
| | - Raniv D. Rojo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.E.H.); (J.A.D.); (J.V.D.P.); (R.D.R.)
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila NCR 1000, Philippines
| | - Marites P. Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.E.H.); (J.A.D.); (J.V.D.P.); (R.D.R.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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87
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Pan LN, Ma YF, Li Z, Hu JA, Xu ZH. KRAS G12V mutation upregulates PD-L1 expression via TGF-β/EMT signaling pathway in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:795-803. [PMID: 33325140 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although clinical data suggest remarkable promise for targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is still largely undetermined which subtype of patients will be responsive to checkpoint blockade. In the present study, we explored whether PD-L1 was regulated by mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), which is frequently mutated in NSCLC and results in poor prognosis and low survival rates. We verified that PD-L1 levels were dramatically increased in KRAS mutant cell lines, particularly in NCI-H441 cells with KRAS G12V mutation. Overexpression of KRAS G12V remarkably elevated PD-L1 messenger RNA and protein levels, while suppression of KRAS G12V led to decreased PD-L1 levels in NCI-H441 cells. Consistently, higher levels of PD-L1 were observed in KRAS-mutated tissues as well as tumor tissues-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using a tumor xenograft in B-NDG mice. Mechanically, both in vitro and in vivo assays found that KRAS G12V upregulated PD-L1 via regulating the progression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, pembrolizumab activated the antitumor activity and decreased tumor growth with KRAS G12V mutated NSCLC. This study demonstrates that KRAS G12V mutation could induce PD-L1 expression and promote immune escape via transforming growth factor-β/EMT signaling pathway in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, providing a potential therapeutic approach for NSCLC harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fang Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-An Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Alduais Y, Chen B. Therapeutic and Systemic Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for Clinical Management of NSCLC. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211041587. [PMID: 34606729 PMCID: PMC8493325 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211041587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer takes up the majority of lung carcinoma-caused deaths. It is reported that targeting PD-1/PD-L1, a well-known immune evasion checkpoint, can eradicate tumor. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, are actively employed in cancer treatment. Thus, this review aimed to assess the therapeutic and toxic effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treatment of NSCLC. So far, 6 monoclonal antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction are identified and used in clinical trials and randomized controlled trials for NSCLC therapy. These antibody-based therapies for NSCLC were collected by using search engine PubMed, and articles about the assessment of adverse events were collected by using Google search. Route of administration and dosage are critical parameters for efficient immunotherapy. Although antibodies can improve overall survival and are expected to be target-specific, they can cause systemic adverse effects in the host. Targeting certain biomarkers can limit the toxicity of adverse effects of the antibody-mediated therapy. Clinical experts with knowledge of adverse effects (AEs) of checkpoint inhibitors can help manage and reduce mortalities associated with antibody-based therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaser Alduais
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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89
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Guarize J, Rocco EG, de Marinis F, Sedda G, Bertolaccini L, Donghi SM, Casiraghi M, Tonno CD, Barberis M, Spaggiari L. Prospective evaluation of EBUS-TBNA specimens for programmed death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20200584. [PMID: 34259745 PMCID: PMC8332653 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EBUS-TBNA cytological sampling is routinely performed for pathological diagnosis, mediastinal staging, and molecular testing in lung cancer patients. EBUS-TBNA samples are not formally accepted for testing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. The objective of the study was to compare the feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy of PD-L1 expression assessment in cytological specimens and histological samples. METHODS We prospectively collected histological (transbronchial forceps biopsy) and cytological (EBUS-TBNA) samples from peribronchial neoplastic lesions during an endoscopic procedure at the same target lesion for the pathological diagnosis and molecular assessment of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS Fifteen patients underwent the procedure. Adequate cytological samples (at least 100 neoplastic cells) were obtained in 12 cases (92.3%). Assessment of PD-L1 expression was similar between histological and cytological samples (agreement rate = 92%). Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA cytological specimens were 88.9% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of PD-L1 expression in EBUS-TBNA cytological specimens is feasible and presents good reproducibility when compared with routine histological samples. EBUS-TBNA cytological samples could be used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression in patients with NSCLC as a minimally invasive approach in stage IV NSCLC cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Guarize
- . Pneumologia Interventistica, Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Elena Guerini Rocco
- . Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- . Divisione di Oncologia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Giulia Sedda
- . Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Luca Bertolaccini
- . Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Stefano Maria Donghi
- . Pneumologia Interventistica, Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Monica Casiraghi
- . Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Clementina Di Tonno
- . Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Massimo Barberis
- . Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- . Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IEO - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS - Milano, Italia
- . Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
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90
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Moerland JA, Zhang D, Reich LA, Carapellucci S, Lockwood B, Leal AS, Krieger-Burke T, Aleiwi B, Ellsworth E, Liby KT. The novel rexinoid MSU-42011 is effective for the treatment of preclinical Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22244. [PMID: 33335263 PMCID: PMC7746742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective drugs are needed for lung cancer, as this disease remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Rexinoids are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy because of their ability to modulate genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation or differentiation, and apoptosis through activation of the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The only currently FDA-approved rexinoid, bexarotene, is ineffective as a single agent for treating epithelial cancers and induces hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we used a previously validated screening paradigm to evaluate 23 novel rexinoids for biomarkers related to efficacy and safety. These biomarkers include suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). Because of its potent iNOS suppression, low SREBP induction, and activation of RXR, MSU-42011 was selected as our lead compound. We next used MSU-42011 to treat established tumors in a clinically relevant Kras-driven mouse model of lung cancer. KRAS is one of the most common driver mutations in human lung cancer and correlates with aggressive disease progression and poor patient prognosis. Ultrasound imaging was used to detect and monitor tumor development and growth over time in the lungs of the A/J mice. MSU-42011 markedly decreased the tumor number, size, and histopathology of lung tumors compared to the control and bexarotene groups. Histological sections of lung tumors in mice treated with MSU-42011 exhibited reduced cell density and fewer actively proliferating cells compared to the control and bexarotene-treated tumors. Although bexarotene significantly (p < 0.01) elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, treatment with MSU-42011 did not increase these biomarkers, demonstrating a more favorable toxicity profile in vivo. The combination of MSU-42011 and carboplatin and paclitaxel reduced macrophages in the lung and increased activation markers of CD8+T cells compared to the control groups. Our results validate our screening paradigm for in vitro testing of novel rexinoids and demonstrate the potential for MSU-42011 to be developed for the treatment of KRAS-driven lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lyndsey A Reich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Beth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ana S Leal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Teresa Krieger-Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- In Vivo Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bilal Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Medicial Chemistry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Medicial Chemistry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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91
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Wu C, Rao X, Lin W. Immune landscape and a promising immune prognostic model associated with TP53 in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 10:806-823. [PMID: 33314730 PMCID: PMC7897963 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose TP53 mutation, one of the most frequent mutations in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), triggers a series of alterations in the immune landscape, progression, and clinical outcome of early‐stage LUAD. Our study was designed to unravel the effects of TP53 mutation on the immunophenotype of early‐stage LUAD and formulate a TP53‐associated immune prognostic model (IPM) that can estimate prognosis in early‐stage LUAD patients. Materials and methods Immune‐associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TP53 mutated (TP53MUT) and TP53 wild‐type (TP53WT) early‐stage LUAD were comprehensively analyzed. Univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis identified the prognostic immune‐associated DEGs. We constructed and validated an IPM based on the TCGA and a meta‐GEO composed of GSE72094, GSE42127, and GSE31210, respectively. The CIBERSORT algorithm was analyzed for assessing the percentage of immune cell types. A nomogram model was established for clinical application. Results TP53 mutation occurred in approximately 50.00% of LUAD patients, stimulating a weakened immune response in early‐stage LUAD. Sixty‐seven immune‐associated DEGs were determined between TP53WT and TP53MUT cohort. An IPM consisting of two prognostic immune‐associated DEGs (risk score = 0.098 * ENTPD2 expression + 0.168 * MIF expression) was developed through 397 cases in the TCGA and further validated based on 623 patients in a meta‐GEO. The IPM stratified patients into low or high risk of undesirable survival and was identified as an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.43–3.06, p < 0.001). Increased expressions of PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, and TIGIT were revealed in the high‐risk group. Prognostic nomogram incorporating the IPM and other clinicopathological parameters (TNM stage and age) achieved optimal predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Conclusion The IPM based on TP53 status is a reliable and robust immune signature to identify early‐stage LUAD patients with high risk of unfavorable survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Rao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhang Y, Lin A, Li Y, Ding W, Meng H, Luo P, Zhang J. Age and Mutations as Predictors of the Response to Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608969. [PMID: 33363171 PMCID: PMC7755718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Compared to traditional chemoradiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become increasingly important in HNSC therapy. Prior studies linked the efficacy of ICIs to PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI), HPV infection, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and tumor lymphocyte infiltration in patients with HNSC, but further verification is needed. Additional predictors are needed to recognize HNSC patients with a good response to ICIs. We collected the clinical information and mutation data of HNSC patients from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to generate two clinical cohorts. The MSKCC cohort was used to recognize predictors related to the efficacy of ICIs, and the TCGA cohort was used to further examine the immune microenvironment features and signaling pathways that are significantly enriched in the subgroups of predictors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age (HR = 0.50, p = 0.014) and ARID1A (HR = 0.13, p = 0.048), PIK3CA (HR = 0.45, p = 0.021), and TP53 (HR = 1.82, p = 0.035) mutations were potential predictors for ICI efficacy in HNSC patients. Age > 65 years and ARID1A or PIK3CA mutations correlated with good overall survival (OS). TP53 mutant-type (MT) patients experienced a worse prognosis than TP53 wild-type (WT) patients. The subgroups associated with a good prognosis (age > 65 years, ARID1A-MT, and PIK3CA-MT) universally had a high TMB and increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Although TP53-MT was associated with a high TMB, the expression of most immune checkpoint molecules and immune-related genes was lower in TP53-MT patients than TP53-WT patients, which may reflect low immunogenicity. Pathways related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment were mostly enriched in the subgroups associated with a poor prognosis (age ≤ 65 years, low TMB, ARID1A-WT, PIK3CA-WT, and TP53-MT). In conclusion, the factors age > 65 years, PIK3CA-MT, and ARID1A-MT predicted favorable efficacy for ICI treatment in HNSC patients, and TP53 mutation was a negative predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghe Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Ding
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Proteomic approaches to investigate gammaherpesvirus biology and associated tumorigenesis. Adv Virus Res 2020; 109:201-254. [PMID: 33934828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The DNA viruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, a group of viruses whose infection is associated with multiple malignancies, including cancer. The primary host for these viruses is humans and, like all herpesviruses, infection with these pathogens is lifelong. Due to the persistence of gammaherpesvirus infection and the potential for cancer formation in infected individuals, there is a driving need to understand not only the biology of these viruses and how they remain undetected in host cells but also the mechanism(s) by which tumorigenesis occurs. One of the methods that has provided much insight into these processes is proteomics. Proteomics is the study of all the proteins that are encoded by a genome and allows for (i) identification of existing and novel proteins derived from a given genome, (ii) interrogation of protein-protein interactions within a system, and (iii) discovery of druggable targets for the treatment of malignancies. In this chapter, we explore how proteomics has contributed to our current understanding of gammaherpesvirus biology and their oncogenic processes, as well as the clinical applications of proteomics for the detection and treatment of gammaherpesvirus-associated cancers.
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Weighted gene correlation network analysis identifies microenvironment-related genes signature as prognostic candidate for Grade II/III glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22122-22138. [PMID: 33186124 PMCID: PMC7695422 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Evidence shows that clinical efficacy of immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to establish a microenvironment-related genes (MRGs) model to predict the prognosis of patients with Grade II/III gliomas. Gene expression profile and clinical data of 459 patients with Grade II/III gliomas were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Then according to the immune/stromal scores generated by the ESTIMATE algorithm, the patients were scored one by one. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a gene co-expression network to identify potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients. When adjusting clinical features including age, histology, grading, IDH status, we found that these features were independently associated with survival. The predicted value of the prognostic model was then verified in 440 samples in CGGA part B dataset and 182 samples in CGGA part C dataset by univariate and multivariate cox analysis. The clinical samples of 10 patients further confirmed our signature. Our findings suggested the eight-MRGs signature identified in this study are valuable prognostic predictors for patients with Grade II/III glioma.
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95
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Regulatory (FoxP3 +) T cells and TGF-β predict the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18994. [PMID: 33149213 PMCID: PMC7642363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitumor immune responses induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 have been used as therapeutic strategies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients over the last decade. Favorable antitumor activity to immune checkpoint inhibitors is correlated with high PD-L1 expression, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and decreased suppressive immune cells including Treg cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, or tumor-associated macrophages in various cancer types. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between clinical outcomes and peripheral blood immune cell profiles, specifically focused on FoxP3+ Treg cells, collected at baseline and one week after anti-PD-1 therapy in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC: a discovery cohort of 83 patients and a validation cohort of 49 patients. High frequencies of circulating Treg cells one week after anti-PD-1 therapy were correlated with a high response rate, longer progression-free survival, and overall survival. Furthermore, high levels of TGF-β and Treg cells were associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that higher levels of FoxP3+ Treg cells and TGF-β can predict a favorable response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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96
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Wu S, Chen W, Liu K, Ren F, Zheng D, Xu F, Wu H. Saikosaponin D inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520937163. [PMID: 32962498 PMCID: PMC7780581 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520937163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of saikosaponin D (SSD) on proliferation and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and to explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS Following treatment with saikosaponin D, A549 and H1299 cells were assessed for anti-proliferation effects using cell cycle kit-8 assays, changes in nuclear morphology using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and cell apoptosis using annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by immunoblotting. RESULTS Saikosaponin D had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on A549 cells (IC50, 3.57 µM) and H1299 cells (IC50, 8.46 µM). DAPI staining revealed decreased cell numbers, and most H1299 cells became round after treatment with 20 µM saikosaponin D. As saikosaponin D concentration increased, the proportions of cells in G0/G1 phase, and cells undergoing apoptosis, increased. Levels of phosphorylated p44/42 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 were significantly downregulated in both cell lines, while total STAT3 levels were not significantly affected. The cleaved form of caspase 3 was significantly upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Saikosaponin D inhibits proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, possibly through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Weizhuang Chen
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation oncology, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Dawei Zheng
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Medical Administration Division, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongcheng Wu
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China
- Hongcheng Wu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, 57 Xing’Ning Road, Ningbo 315041, Zhejiang, China.
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97
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Su C, Wang H, Liu Y, Guo Q, Zhang L, Li J, Zhou W, Yan Y, Zhou X, Zhang J. Adverse Effects of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554313. [PMID: 33072580 PMCID: PMC7531287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.554313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy has shown great efficacy in clinical trials, and monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 have shown encouraging results in first-line or second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Meanwhile, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint drugs combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy as well as anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy, are considered an attractive treatment with higher efficacy. However, toxicity associated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is worth attention. Understanding the adverse effects caused by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive agents is vital to guide the clinical rational use of drug. In this review, we summarized the adverse effects that occurred during the clinical use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and discussed how to effectively manage and respond to these adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Su
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunru Liu
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiaoru Guo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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98
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Singh N, Seetharamu N. Complete response with anti-PD-L1 antibody following progression on anti-PD-1 antibody in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/8/e236101. [PMID: 32843385 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), specifically inhibitors of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and receptor (PD-1) are the new standard of care for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in front line setting as monotherapy or along with chemotherapy. Many of these agents are also approved for use in subsequent lines of treatment on progression on platinum doublet chemotherapy. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab are currently approved ICI for advanced NSCLC. To date, no study has reported efficacy and safety of alternate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with NSCLC who have progressed on one ICI. Here, we report a case of a patient with advanced NSCLC who had a complete response to atezolizumab, following progression of disease on platinum doublet chemotherapy and then, nivolumab monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital at Manhasset, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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99
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Li C, Liu H, Niu Q, Gao J. Circ_0000376, a Novel circRNA, Promotes the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Regulating the miR-1182/NOVA2 Network. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7635-7647. [PMID: 32922073 PMCID: PMC7455537 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia has been shown to induce the malignant progression of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNA (circRNA) is considered to be an important regulator of cancer progression. However, the role of a newly discovered circRNA, circ_0000376, in the progression of NSCLC is unclear. Methods The relative expression levels of circ_0000376, miR-1182 and neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (NOVA2) were detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Glucose consumption and lactate production were determined using Glucose Assay Kit and Lactate Assay Kit, respectively. Moreover, the protein levels of glycolysis markers and NOVA2 were measured using Western blot (WB) analysis. Furthermore, 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to assess cell viability, and transwell assay was employed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. The interaction between miR-1182 and circ_0000376 or NOVA2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In addition, animal experiments were conducted to assess the influence of circ_0000376 silencing on NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Results Circ_0000376 was upregulated in NSCLC, and its high expression was related to the poor overall survival of NSCLC patients. Hypoxia could enhance circ_0000376 expression and promote the glycolysis, viability, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. However, silencing of circ_0000376 could inhibit the glycolysis, viability, migration, and invasion of hypoxia-induced NSCLC cells. Additionally, circ_0000376 could sponge miR-1182, and miR-1182 could target NOVA2. MiR-1182 silencing could reverse the inhibitory effect of circ_0000376 knockdown on NSCLC progression, and NOVA2 overexpression also could reverse the suppressive effect of miR-1182 overexpression on NSCLC progression. Meanwhile, miR-1182 inhibitor could invert the negative regulation effect of circ_0000376 silencing on NOVA2 expression. In addition, circ_0000376 knockdown inhibited the NSCLC tumor growth via regulating the miR-1182 and NOVA2 expression in vivo. Conclusion Circ_0000376 promoted NSCLC progression by regulating the miR-1182/NOVA2 axis, suggesting that circ_0000376 might be a potential biomarker for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Niu
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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100
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Kim JY, Choi JK, Jung H. Genome-wide methylation patterns predict clinical benefit of immunotherapy in lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:119. [PMID: 32762727 PMCID: PMC7410160 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is crucial to unravel molecular determinants of responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy because only a small subset of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients responds to ICB therapy. Previous studies were concentrated on genomic and transcriptomic markers (e.g., mutation burden and immune gene expression). However, these markers are not sufficient to accurately predict a response to ICB therapy. Results Here, we analyzed DNA methylomes of 141 advanced NSCLC samples subjected to ICB therapy (i.e., anti-programmed death-1) from two independent cohorts (60 and 81 patients from our and IDIBELL cohorts). Integrative analysis of patients with matched transcriptome data in our cohort (n = 28) at pathway level revealed significant overlaps between promoter hypermethylation and transcriptional repression in nonresponders relative to responders. Fifteen immune-related pathways, including interferon signaling, were identified to be enriched for both hypermethylation and repression. We built a reliable prognostic risk model based on eight genes using LASSO model and successfully validated the model in independent cohorts. Furthermore, we found 30 survival-associated molecular interaction networks, in which two or three hypermethylated genes showed significant mutual exclusion across nonresponders. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that methylation patterns can provide insight into molecular determinants underlying the clinical benefit of ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, 13449, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunchul Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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