51
|
Cerhan JR, Fredericksen ZS, Novak AJ, Ansell SM, Kay NE, Liebow M, Dogan A, Cunningham JM, Wang AH, Witzig TE, Habermann TM, Asmann YW, Slager SL. A two-stage evaluation of genetic variation in immune and inflammation genes with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma identifies new susceptibility locus in 6p21.3 region. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1799-806. [PMID: 22911334 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy of lymphocytes, and there is growing evidence for a role of germline genetic variation in immune genes in NHL etiology. METHODS To identify susceptibility immune genes, we conducted a 2-stage analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 1,253 genes using the Immune and Inflammation Panel. In Stage 1, we genotyped 7,670 SNPs in 425 NHL cases and 465 controls, and in Stage 2 we genotyped the top 768 SNPs on an additional 584 cases and 768 controls. The association of individual SNPs with NHL risk from a log-additive model was assessed using the OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In the pooled analysis, only the TAP2 coding SNP rs241447 (minor allele frequency = 0.26; Thr655Ala) at 6p21.3 (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.17-1.53) achieved statistical significance after accounting for multiple testing (P = 3.1 × 10(-5)). The TAP2 SNP was strongly associated with follicular lymphoma (FL, OR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.46-2.26; p = 6.9 × 10(-8)), and was independent of other known loci (rs10484561 and rs2647012) from this region. The TAP2 SNP was also associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.77; P = 0.011), but not chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 0.88-1.32). Higher TAP2 expression was associated with the risk allele in both FL and DLBCL tumors. CONCLUSION Genetic variation in TAP2 was associated with NHL risk overall, and FL risk in particular, and this was independent of other established loci from 6p21.3. IMPACT Genetic variation in antigen presentation of HLA class I molecules may play a role in lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Bi X, Zheng T, Lan Q, Xu Z, Chen Y, Zhu G, Foss F, Kim C, Dai M, Zhao P, Holford T, Leaderer B, Boyle P, Deng Q, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Zhang Y. Genetic polymorphisms in IL10RA and TNF modify the association between blood transfusion and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:766-9. [PMID: 22649007 PMCID: PMC3576861 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a population-based case-control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes may modify the association between blood transfusion and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared with women without blood transfusion, women with a history of transfusion had an increased risk of NHL if they carried IL10RA (rs9610) GG genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-3.2] or TNF (rs1800629) AG/AA genotypes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9-2.7). We also found women with a history of transfusion had a decreased risk of NHL if they carried IL10RA (rs9610) AG/AA genotypes (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) or TNF (rs1800629) GG genotype (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-1.0). A similar pattern was also observed for B-cell lymphoma but not for T-cell lymphoma. Statistically significant interactions with blood transfusion were observed for IL10RA (rs9610) (P(forinteraction) = 0.003) and TNF (rs1800629) (P(forinteraction) = 0.012) for NHL overall and IL10RA (rs9610) (P(forinteraction) = 0.001) and TNF (rs1800629) (P(forinteraction) = 0.019) for B-cell lymphoma. The results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in TNF and IL10RA genes may modify the association between blood transfusion and NHL risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Bi
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtai Chen
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongjian Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Tumor Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Francine Foss
- Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher Kim
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Min Dai
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Theodore Holford
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brian Leaderer
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Qian Deng
- Sichuan University School of Public Health, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
The last decade has seen the emergence of immunomodulators as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Interleukins (ILs) are a category of small cell-signaling molecules that organize communication and interaction between immune cells and therefore they could be used as perfect immunomodulators. IL-12 is a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it plays a major role in development of antitumor immune response. Numerous studies report that IL-12 promotes an effective destruction of cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, IL-12 has anti-angiogenic activity and it is able to dramatically decrease tumor-supportive activities of tumor-associated macrophages. The first part of the review is devoted to immunobiology of IL-12. Signaling pathways of IL-12 as well as clinical trials of this cytokine are discussed. The second part of the review is concerned on the inherited variations in IL-12A and IL-12B genes that could modulate cancer susceptibility, and as a consequence, possess predictive, therapeutic, or prognostic significance. It is known that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-12A and IL-12B genes may dramatically affect on protein expression level, or alter its functions, which may lead to immune disorders, autoimmune diseases, and eventually contribute to cancer occurrence. The list of genetic polymorphisms for further investigations might include the following: IL-12B_+1188A/C (rs3212227), IL-12A_+277G/A (rs568408), IL-12A_-798T/A (rs582054), IL-12A_-504T/G (rs190533), IL-12A_-1148T/C (rs2243123), and IL-12B_+16974 A/C. Perhaps, some of these SNPs may become an attractive target for oncogenomics and possibly could be used in programs of early cancer diagnosis as well as cancer prevention in the nearest future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhai K, Chang J, Wu C, Lu N, Huang LM, Zhang TW, Yu DK, Tan W, Lin DX. Association between genetic variations in tumor necrosis factor receptor genes and survival of patients with T-cell lymphoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:335-41. [PMID: 22640629 PMCID: PMC3777498 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of T-cell lymphoma (TCL) has been shown to be associated with the clinical characteristics of patients. However, there is little knowledge of whether genetic variations also affect the prognosis of TCL. This study investigated the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) genes and the survival of patients with TCL. A total of 38 tag SNPs in 18 TNFRSF genes were genotyped using Sequenom platform in 150 patients with TCL. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were plotted and significance was assessed using log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze each of these 38 SNPs with adjustment for covariates that might influence patient survival, including sex and international prognostic Index score. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Among the 38 SNPs tested, 3 were significantly associated with the survival of patients with TCL. These SNPs were located at LTβR (rs3759333C>T) and TNFRSF17 (rs2017662C>T and rs2071336C>T). The 5-year survival rates were significantly different among patients carrying different genotypes and the HRs for death between the different genotypes ranged from 0.45 to 2.46. These findings suggest that the SNPs in TNFRSF genes might be important determinants for the survival of TCL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhai
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Heemann C, Kreuz M, Stoller I, Schoof N, von Bonin F, Ziepert M, Löffler M, Jung W, Pfreundschuh M, Trümper L, Kube D. Circulating levels of TNF receptor II are prognostic for patients with peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3637-47. [PMID: 22573350 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHL) represent a small but heterogeneous and clinically aggressive subset of NHLs with a poor outcome. Cytokines or their receptors might be associated with the clinical outcome of these lymphomas. Therefore, we tested whether gene variations and serum levels of soluble TNF receptor (TNFR)I (sTNFRI), sTNFRII, interleukin (IL)-10, or sIL-4R are predictive for treatment response in T-NHLs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood DNA from 117 patients with T-NHL treated in prospective clinical trials was subjected to genotyping analysis. Whenever possible, pretreatment sera were obtained, and circulating levels of sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IL-10, and sIL-4R were determined with a specific capture enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS Patients characterized by TNFRI-609GG (rs4149570) showed a trend toward better event free survival [EFS; univariate: P = 0.041; multivariate: HR, 1.76; confidence interval (CI), 0.99-3.14 with P = 0.056]. A protective role of IL-10-1087A, -824T, and -597A reported in another study was not confirmed in our cohort. Patients with circulating levels of soluble TNFRII ≥2.16 ng/mL had a 2.07-fold increased relative risk for shorter overall survival (OS; univariate: P = 0.0034; multivariate: HR, 2.07; CI, 0.92-4.70 with P = 0.081) and a 2.49-fold higher risk for shorter EFS (univariate: P = 0.00068; multivariate: HR, 2.49; CI, 1.22-5.08 with P = 0.012). Elevations of circulating levels of sTNFRI, IL-10, and sIL-4R are frequent, but the clinical response in these patients is not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a critical role for TNF-TNFR signaling for the clinical outcome of patients with peripheral T-NHLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Heemann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center of the Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Strauss HS, Heiger-Bernays W. Methodological Limitations May Prevent the Observation of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Bioassays of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623312443320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhang Y, Wang MY, He J, Wang JC, Yang YJ, Jin L, Chen ZY, Ma XJ, Sun MH, Xia KQ, Hong XN, Wei QY, Zhou XY. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 8 polymorphism and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a Chinese population: a case-control study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37846. [PMID: 22666399 PMCID: PMC3362607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been reported to be associated with autoimmune and pro-inflammatory response, and genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes involved in autoimmune and pro-inflammatory response may influence the susceptibility to NHL. To evaluate the role of such genetic variations in risk of NHL, we conducted a case-control study of 514 NHL patients and 557 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. METHOD We used the Taqman assay to genotype six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six previously reported inflammation and immune-related genes (TNF rs1799964T>C, LTA rs1800683G>A, IL-10 rs1800872T>G, LEP rs2167270G>A, LEPR rs1327118C>G, TNFAIP8 rs1045241C>T). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We observed a significantly increased risk of NHL associated with the TNFAIP8 rs1045241C>T polymorphism (adjusted OR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.68-5.45 for TT vs. CC and adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.53-2.69 for CT/TT vs. CC). The risk associated with the T allele was more evident in subgroups of 40-60 year-old, non-smokers or light-smokers (less than 25 pack-years), and subjects with normal weight or overweight. Risk for both B and T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was elevated for CT/TT genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.41-2.70 for B cell NHL and adjusted OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.49-3.30 for T cell NHL), particularly for DLBCL (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.41-2.85) and FL (adjusted OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.17-5.45). These risks were not observed for variant genotypes of other five SNPs compared with their common homozygous genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism of TNFAIP8 rs1045241C>T may contribute to NHL susceptibility in a Chinese population. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Hong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Qin Xia
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XYZ); (XNH)
| | - Qing-Yi Wei
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XYZ); (XNH)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang SS, Lu Y, Rothman N, Abdou AM, Cerhan JR, De Roos A, Davis S, Severson RK, Cozen W, Chanock SJ, Bernstein L, Morton LM, Hartge P. Variation in effects of non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors according to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*01:01 allele and ancestral haplotype 8.1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26949. [PMID: 22096508 PMCID: PMC3212525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are critical in host responses to infections, transplantation, and immunological diseases. We previously identified associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and the HLA-DRB1*01:01 allele and extended ancestral haplotype (AH) 8.1 (HLA-A*01-B*08-DR*03-TNF-308A). To illuminate how HLA alleles and haplotypes may influence NHL etiology, we examined potential interactions between HLA-DRB1*01:01 and AH 8.1, and a wide range of NHL risk factors among 685 NHL cases and 646 controls from a United States population-based case-control study. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals by HLA allele or haplotype status, adjusted for sex, age, race and study center for NHL and two major subtypes using polychotomous unconditional logistic regression models. The previously reported elevation in NHL risk associated with exposures to termite treatment and polychlorinated biphenyls were restricted to individuals who did not possess HLA-DRB1*01:01. Previous associations for NHL and DLBCL with decreased sun exposure, higher BMI, and autoimmune conditions were statistically significant only among those with AH 8.1, and null among those without AH 8.1. Our results suggest that NHL risk factors vary in their association based on HLA-DRB1*01:01 and AH 8.1 status. Our results further suggest that certain NHL risk factors may act through a common mechanism to alter NHL risk. Finally, control participants with either HLA-DRB1*01:01 or AH 8.1 reported having a family history of NHL twice as likely as those who did not have either allele or haplotype, providing the first empirical evidence that HLA associations may explain some of the well-established relationship between family history and NHL risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), have consistently been associated with the development of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (BCNHL). In this Review, we focus on reports published since 2006 and summarize the data regarding the BCNHL subtypes and clinical findings associated with this increased risk. Patients with these ARD, particularly those with detectable autoantibodies and systemic involvement, are at increased risk of developing BCNHL, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. SS shows the strongest association with BCNHL. Male sex, advanced age, prolonged disease course and increased disease severity, but not family history of autoimmune conditions, seem to be associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Chronic immune stimulation, genetic and environmental factors and some immunosuppressive drugs might be involved in lymphomagenesis in these patients. The reason why some ARD are associated with BCNHL and other autoimmune diseases are not remains unclear. These associations are important as they provide information about the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, and might help identify new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
60
|
Molinaro AM, Carriero N, Bjornson R, Hartge P, Rothman N, Chatterjee N. Power of data mining methods to detect genetic associations and interactions. Hum Hered 2011; 72:85-97. [PMID: 21934324 DOI: 10.1159/000330579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic association studies, thus far, have focused on the analysis of individual main effects of SNP markers. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for modeling epistasis or gene-gene interactions to better understand the biologic basis of existing associations. Tree-based methods have been widely studied as tools for building prediction models based on complex variable interactions. An understanding of the power of such methods for the discovery of genetic associations in the presence of complex interactions is of great importance. Here, we systematically evaluate the power of three leading algorithms: random forests (RF), Monte Carlo logic regression (MCLR), and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). METHODS We use the algorithm-specific variable importance measures (VIMs) as statistics and employ permutation-based resampling to generate the null distribution and associated p values. The power of the three is assessed via simulation studies. Additionally, in a data analysis, we evaluate the associations between individual SNPs in pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory genes and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. RESULTS The power of RF is highest in all simulation models, that of MCLR is similar to RF in half, and that of MDR is consistently the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the power of RF VIMs is most reliable. However, in addition to tuning parameters, the power of RF is notably influenced by the type of variable (continuous vs. categorical) and the chosen VIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Molinaro
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA. annette.molinaro @ yale.edu
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Vallance K, Yang J, Li J, Crabtree VM, Hinds PS, Mandrell BN. Disturbed Sleep in Pediatric Patients With Leukemia: The Potential Role of Interleukin-6 (-174GC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (-308GA) Polymorphism. Oncol Nurs Forum 2011; 38:E365-72. [DOI: 10.1188/11.onf.e365-e372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
62
|
Xia HZ, Du WD, Wu Q, Chen G, Zhou Y, Tang XF, Tang HY, Liu Y, Yang F, Ruan J, Xu S, Zuo XB, Zhang XJ. E-selectin rs5361 and FCGR2A rs1801274 variants were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:597-607. [PMID: 21780194 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Host immune responses are critical steps for carcinogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immunoregulatory genes may influence gastric cancer risk. We performed a genotyping analysis for immunoregulatory genes in 311 gastric cancer cases and 425 controls from a Chinese population. We found that there were significant differences of E-selectin variant rs5361 (A>C) and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (T>C) between cases and controls (P = 0.022 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that genotype of E-selectin rs5361AC increased the risk of gastric cancer significantly (P = 0.026, adjusted Odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-7.12). C allele of E-selectin rs5361 showed a significant increased frequency in cases (P = 0.023). However, the E-selectin variant did not affect the protein expression. E-selectin protein was observed not only in tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells, but also in gastric cancer cells at primary and metastatic sites. The protein was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer, such as age (P = 0.008), tumor size (P = 0.027), differentiation (P = 0.000), and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.006). CT and CC + CT genotypes of FCGR2A variant rs1801274 increased gastric cancer risk (P = 0.000, adjusted OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.36-2.72; P = 0.003, adjusted OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.20-2.35, respectively). Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) variant rs2107356 presented negative correlations to E-selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.023) in conferring susceptibility to gastric cancer. We concluded E-selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Expression of E-selectin protein would promote progression of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhen Xia
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
The role of inherited (host) genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL) is reviewed. First degree relatives of FL patients are at an increased risk of FL, suggesting a role for inherited factors. While there have been no linkage studies in FL families, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified several risk loci which have been confirmed in independent studies. These include regions on 6p21.32-33 and TNF family members. Host genetics has also been hypothesized to influence treatment response, disease progression and overall survival. Early leads in FL prognosis include pathways that regulate immune function, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, and one-carbon metabolism, although few of these associations have been independently confirmed. While the use of host genetics to identify individuals at high risk of FL or to predict FL treatment response and prognosis appears to be very promising, it is not yet ready for the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lan Q, Wang SS, Menashe I, Armstrong B, Zhang Y, Hartge P, Purdue MP, Holford TR, Morton LM, Kricker A, Cerhan JR, Grulich A, Cozen W, Zahm SH, Yeager M, Vajdic CM, Schenk M, Leaderer B, Yuenger J, Severson RK, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ, Zheng T, Rothman N. Genetic variation in Th1/Th2 pathway genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of three population-based case-control studies. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:341-50. [PMID: 21418175 PMCID: PMC3075370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The balance between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) activity is critical in lymphoid cell development and differentiation. Immune dysfunction underlies lymphomagenesis, so an alteration in the regulation of key Th1/Th2 cytokines may lead to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To study the impact of polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 cytokines on NHL risk, we analyzed 145 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 Th1/Th2 cytokine and related genes in three population-based case-control studies (1946 cases and 1808 controls). Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to tag SNP genotypes and haplotypes. A gene-based analysis adjusting for the number of tag SNPs genotyped in each gene showed significant associations with risk of NHL combined and one or more NHL subtypes for Th1 (IL12A and IL12RB1) and Th2 (IL4, IL10RB, and IL18) genes. The strongest association was for rs485497 in IL12A, which plays a central role in bridging the cellular and humoral pathways of innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses (allele risk OR= 1·17; P(trend)= 0·00099). This SNP was also associated specifically with risk of follicular lymphoma (allele risk OR= 1·26; P(trend)= 0·0012). These findings suggest that genetic variation in Th1/Th2 cytokine genes may contribute to lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Sophia S. Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
- Division of Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Idan Menashe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Theodore R. Holford
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Grulich
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shelia H Zahm
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- UNSW Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maryjean Schenk
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian Leaderer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeff Yuenger
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Richard K. Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Karasneh JA, Darwazeh AMG, Hassan AF, Thornhill M. Association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and inheritance of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the NOS2 gene encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:715-20. [PMID: 21481004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa. Recurrent oral aphthous ulceration is also a feature of the more serious and systemic Behçet's disease. Nitric oxide is a free radical synthesized by one of a family of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and is an important regulator of inflammation and immunity. Association of NOS3 gene polymorphisms encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase has been reported in Behçet's disease but not recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between NOS2 gene polymorphisms that encode inducible nitric oxide synthase and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS This is a case control association study. Eighty-three Jordanian recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients and 83 age, gender and ethnically matched controls were genotyped for three NOS2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs10459953, rs1060822 and rs2297518. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare the allele frequencies and genotypes. RESULTS There was a significant association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and inheritance of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2297518 (P = 0.006). Although no direct association was demonstrated between rs10459953 or rs1060822 and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, a strong linkage disequilibrium was identified between rs1060822 and rs2297518. CONCLUSION Inheritence of a NOS2 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2297518 is associated with increased risk of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a Jordanian population. Confirmatory studies in other populations and investigation of other NOS2 gene polymorphisms will enhance our understanding of the functional basis of this association and help elucidate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumana A Karasneh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Smedby KE, Foo JN, Skibola CF, Darabi H, Conde L, Hjalgrim H, Kumar V, Chang ET, Rothman N, Cerhan JR, Brooks-Wilson AR, Rehnberg E, Irwan ID, Ryder LP, Brown PN, Bracci PM, Agana L, Riby J, Cozen W, Davis S, Hartge P, Morton LM, Severson RK, Wang SS, Slager SL, Fredericksen ZS, Novak AJ, Kay NE, Habermann TM, Armstrong B, Kricker A, Milliken S, Purdue MP, Vajdic CM, Boyle P, Lan Q, Zahm SH, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Leach S, Spinelli JJ, Smith MT, Chanock SJ, Padyukov L, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Glimelius B, Melbye M, Liu ET, Adami HO, Humphreys K, Liu J. GWAS of follicular lymphoma reveals allelic heterogeneity at 6p21.32 and suggests shared genetic susceptibility with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001378. [PMID: 21533074 PMCID: PMC3080853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a diverse group of hematological malignancies, of which follicular lymphoma (FL) is a prevalent subtype. A previous genome-wide association study has established a marker, rs10484561 in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region on 6p21.32 associated with increased FL risk. Here, in a three-stage genome-wide association study, starting with a genome-wide scan of 379 FL cases and 791 controls followed by validation in 1,049 cases and 5,790 controls, we identified a second independent FL-associated locus on 6p21.32, rs2647012 (OR(combined) = 0.64, P(combined) = 2 × 10(-21)) located 962 bp away from rs10484561 (r(2)<0.1 in controls). After mutual adjustment, the associations at the two SNPs remained genome-wide significant (rs2647012:OR(adjusted) = 0.70, P(adjusted) = 4 × 10(-12); rs10484561:OR(adjusted) = 1.64, P(adjusted) = 5 × 10(-15)). Haplotype and coalescence analyses indicated that rs2647012 arose on an evolutionarily distinct haplotype from that of rs10484561 and tags a novel allele with an opposite (protective) effect on FL risk. Moreover, in a follow-up analysis of the top 6 FL-associated SNPs in 4,449 cases of other NHL subtypes, rs10484561 was associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR(combined) = 1.36, P(combined) = 1.4 × 10(-7)). Our results reveal the presence of allelic heterogeneity within the HLA class II region influencing FL susceptibility and indicate a possible shared genetic etiology with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These findings suggest that the HLA class II region plays a complex yet important role in NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin E. Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Christine F. Skibola
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of
America
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Conde
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of
America
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Vikrant Kumar
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United
States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of
America
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - James R. Cerhan
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of
America
| | - Angela R. Brooks-Wilson
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency,
Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ishak D. Irwan
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Lars P. Ryder
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter N. Brown
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paige M. Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California
San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Luz Agana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of
America
| | - Jacques Riby
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of
America
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of
America
| | - Scott Davis
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United
States of America
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of
America
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Richard K. Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of
America
| | - Sophia S. Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
- Division of Etiology, Beckman Research Institute and the City of Hope,
Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Slager
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of
America
| | | | - Anne J. Novak
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of
America
| | - Neil E. Kay
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of
America
| | - Thomas M. Habermann
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of
America
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,
Australia
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,
Australia
| | - Sam Milliken
- Department of Haematology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney,
Australia
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- University of New South Wales Cancer Research Center, Prince of Wales
Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Shelia H. Zahm
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United
States of America
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United
States of America
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia
Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John J. Spinelli
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency,
Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of
America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and
Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and
Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Edison T. Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,
Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lan Q, Wang SS, Menashe I, Armstrong B, Zhang Y, Hartge P, Purdue MP, Holford TR, Morton LM, Kricker A, Cerhan JR, Grulich A, Cozen W, Zahm SH, Yeager M, Vajdic CM, Schenk M, Leaderer B, Yuenger J, Severson RK, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ, Zheng T, Rothman N. Genetic variation in Th1/Th2 pathway genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of three population-based case-control studies. Br J Haematol 2011. [PMID: 21418175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08424.x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The balance between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) activity is critical in lymphoid cell development and differentiation. Immune dysfunction underlies lymphomagenesis, so an alteration in the regulation of key Th1/Th2 cytokines may lead to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To study the impact of polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 cytokines on NHL risk, we analyzed 145 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 Th1/Th2 cytokine and related genes in three population-based case-control studies (1946 cases and 1808 controls). Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to tag SNP genotypes and haplotypes. A gene-based analysis adjusting for the number of tag SNPs genotyped in each gene showed significant associations with risk of NHL combined and one or more NHL subtypes for Th1 (IL12A and IL12RB1) and Th2 (IL4, IL10RB, and IL18) genes. The strongest association was for rs485497 in IL12A, which plays a central role in bridging the cellular and humoral pathways of innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses (allele risk OR= 1·17; P(trend)= 0·00099). This SNP was also associated specifically with risk of follicular lymphoma (allele risk OR= 1·26; P(trend)= 0·0012). These findings suggest that genetic variation in Th1/Th2 cytokine genes may contribute to lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Butterbach K, Beckmann L, de Sanjosé S, Benavente Y, Becker N, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Cocco P, Staines A, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Nieters A. Association of JAK-STAT pathway related genes with lymphoma risk: results of a European case-control study (EpiLymph). Br J Haematol 2011; 153:318-33. [PMID: 21418178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an important role for the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway in tumour development. Therefore, we explored genetic variants in JAK-STAT pathway associated genes with lymphoma risk. In samples of the EpiLymph case-control study we genotyped 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using GoldenGate BeadArray™ Technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Here, we report the associations between selected SNPs and haplotypes of the JAK-STAT pathway and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) and most frequent B-NHL subtypes. Among 210 relevant JAK-STAT pathway-related SNPs, polymorphisms in nine genes (BMF, IFNG, IL12A, SOCS1, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT6, TP63) were significantly associated with lymphoma risk. At a study-wise significance level, we obtained a risk reduction of 28% among carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the STAT3 variant (rs1053023) for B-NHL. For six other variants within the STAT3 gene we observed an inverse association with different lymphoma subtypes. A reduced risk for HL was observed for the heterozygous genotype of the STAT6 SNP (rs324011). This is an explorative investigation to examine associations between JAK-STAT signalling related genes and lymphoma risk. The results implicate a relevant role of certain pathway-related genes in lymphomagenesis, but still need to be approved by independent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Butterbach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Xu L, Craiu RV, Sun L. Bayesian methods to overcome the winner’s curse in genetic studies. Ann Appl Stat 2011. [DOI: 10.1214/10-aoas373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
70
|
Hosgood HD, Purdue MP, Wang SS, Zheng T, Morton LM, Lan Q, Menashe I, Zhang Y, Cerhan JR, Grulich A, Cozen W, Yeager M, Holford TR, Vajdic CM, Davis S, Leaderer B, Kricker A, Schenk M, Zahm SH, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Hartge P, Armstrong B. A pooled analysis of three studies evaluating genetic variation in innate immunity genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. Br J Haematol 2011; 152:721-6. [PMID: 21250972 PMCID: PMC3253820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in immune-related genes may play a role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To test the hypothesis that innate immunity polymorphisms may be associated with NHL risk, we genotyped 144 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) capturing common genetic variation within 12 innate immunity gene regions in three independent population-based case-control studies (1946 cases and 1808 controls). Gene-based analyses found IL1RN to be associated with NHL risk (minP = 0·03); specifically, IL1RN rs2637988 was associated with an increased risk of NHL (per-allele odds ratio = 1·15, 95% confidence interval = 1·05-1·27; P(trend) = 0·003), which was consistent across study, subtype, and gender. FCGR2A was also associated with a decreased risk of the follicular lymphoma NHL subtype (minP = 0·03). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in IL1RN and FCGR2A may play a role in lymphomagenesis. Given that conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between IL1RN SNPs and NHL risk, a larger number of innate immunity genes with sufficient genomic coverage should be evaluated systematically across many studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Monroy CM, Cortes AC, Lopez MS, D'Amelio AM, Etzel CJ, Younes A, Strom SS, El-Zein RA. Hodgkin disease risk: role of genetic polymorphisms and gene-gene interactions in inflammation pathway genes. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:36-46. [PMID: 21061265 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical component of cancer development. The clinical and pathological features of Hodgkin disease (HD) reflect an abnormal immunity that results from cytokines secreted by Reed-Sternberg cells and the surrounding tumor. Numerous studies have reported the association between genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to different hematologic cancers. However, the effects of such SNPs on modulating HD risk have not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that gene-gene interactions between candidate genes in the anti- and pro-inflammatory pathways carrying suspicious polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to HD. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study on 200 HD cases and 220 controls to assess associations between HD risk and 38 functional SNPs in inflammatory genes. We evaluated potential gene-gene interactions using a multi-analytic strategy combining logistic regression, multi-factor dimensionality reduction, and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. We observed that, in combination, allelic variants in the COX2, IL18, ILR4, and IL10 genes modify the risk for developing HD. Moreover, the cumulative genetic risk score (CGRS) revealed a significant trend where the risk for developing HD increases as the number of adverse alleles in the cytokine genes increase. These findings support the notion that epigenetic-interactions between these cytokines may influence pathogenesis of HD modulating the proliferation of regulatory T cells. In this way, the innate and adaptative immune responses may be altered and defy their usual functions in the host anti-tumor response. Our study is the first to report the association between polymorphisms in inflammation genes and HD susceptibility risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Monroy
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-1439, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Wang SS, Menashe I, Cerhan JR, Cozen W, Severson RK, Davis S, Hutchinson A, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Bernstein L, Hartge P, Morton LM. Variations in chromosomes 9 and 6p21.3 with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:42-9. [PMID: 21148756 PMCID: PMC3817834 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence linking genetic variations to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology. To complement ongoing agnostic approaches for identifying susceptibility genes, we evaluated 488 candidate gene regions and their relation to risk for NHL and NHL subtypes. METHODS We genotyped 6,679 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 947 cases and 826 population-based controls from a multicenter U.S. case-control study. Gene-level summary of associations were obtained by computing the minimum P value ("minP test") on the basis of 10,000 permutations. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between genotypes and haplotypes with NHL. For NHL subtypes, we conducted polytomous multivariate unconditional logistic regression (adjusted for sex, race, age). We calculated P-trends under the codominant model for each SNP. RESULTS Fourteen gene regions were associated with NHL (P < 0.01). The most significant SNP associated with NHL maps to the SYK gene (rs2991216, P-trend = 0.00005). The three most significant gene regions were on chromosome 6p21.3 (RING1/RXRB; AIF1; BAT4). Accordingly, SNPs in RING1/RXRB (rs2855429), AIF1 (rs2857597), and BAT4 (rs3115667) were associated with NHL (P-trends ≤ 0.0002) and both diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas (P-trends < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest potential importance for SYK on chromosome 9 with NHL etiology. Our results further implicate 6p21.3 gene variants, supporting the need for full characterization of this chromosomal region in relation to lymphomagenesis. IMPACT Gene variants on chromosome 9 may represent a new region of interesting for NHL etiology. The independence of the reported variants in 6p21.3 from implicated variants (TNF/HLA) supports the need to confirm causal variants in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope, 500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 9101, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Cytokine polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 pathway genes, body mass index, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2010; 117:585-90. [PMID: 20952689 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-295097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a population-based, case-control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes modify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared with those with BMI less than 25 kg/m(2), women with BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m(2) had 50% to 90% increased risk of NHL among women who carried IFNGR2 (rs9808753) AA, IL5 (rs2069812) CT/TT, IL7R (rs1494555) AA, and TNF (rs1799724) CC genotypes, but no increased risk among women with IFNGR2 AG/GG, IL5 CC, IL7R AG/GG, and TNF CT/TT genotypes. A significant interaction with BMI was only observed for IFNGR2 (rs9808753 P(forinteraction) = .034) and IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .016) for NHL overall; IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .016) and TNF (1799724 P(forinteraction) = .031) for B-cell lymphoma; and IL5 (rs2069812 P(forinteraction) = .034) for T-cell lymphoma. After stratification by common B-cell lymphoma subtypes, a significant interaction was observed for IFNGR2 (rs9808753 P(forinteraction) = .006), IL13 (rs20541 P(forinteraction) = .019), and IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .012) for marginal zone B-cell lymphoma; IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .017) for small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and IL12A (rs568408 P(forinteraction) = .013) and TNF (1799724 P(forinteraction) = .04) for follicular lymphoma. The results suggest that common genetic variation in Th1/Th2 pathway genes may modify the association between BMI and NHL risk.
Collapse
|
74
|
Churpek JE, Onel K. Heritability of hematologic malignancies: from pedigrees to genomics. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010; 24:939-72. [PMID: 20816581 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many hematologic malignancies have an underlying heritable component. Although not as well characterized as the acquired genetic abnormalities that define important prognostic and therapeutic subgroups of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, investigations are beginning to unravel the role of germline genetic variation in the predisposition to hematologic malignancies. Information gained from the study of striking family pedigrees, epidemiologic data, and candidate genes are now being combined with unbiased genome-wide investigations to outline the network of genetic abnormalities that contribute to hematologic malignancy risk. This article reviews the current understanding of the heritability of hematologic malignancies in the genomics era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Churpek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Oh SS, Chang SC, Cai L, Cordon-Cardo C, Ding BG, Greenland S, He N, Jiang Q, Kheifets L, Le A, Lee YCA, Liu S, Lu ML, Mao JT, Morgenstern H, Mu LN, Pantuck A, Papp JC, Park SL, Rao JY, Reuter VE, Tashkin DP, Wang H, You NCY, Yu SZ, Zhao JK, Belldegrun A, Zhang ZF. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes and their associations with smoking-related cancers. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2169-82. [PMID: 20112337 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco-related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes with tobacco-related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case-control studies from: Los Angeles (population-based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population-based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (hospital-based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs. CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs. CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs. CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking-related cancer (CC vs. CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking-related cancers among never smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam S Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Iwasaki M, Shimada N, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Hamada GS, Nishimoto IN, Iyeyasu H, Motola J, Laginha FM, Anzai R, Tsugane S. Fragment c gamma receptor gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in case–control studies in Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and non-Japanese Brazilians. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 126:497-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
77
|
Sapey E, Wood AM, Ahmad A, Stockley RA. Tumor Necrosis Factor–α rs361525 Polymorphism Is Associated with Increased Local Production and Downstream Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:192-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1846oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
78
|
Wang SS, Abdou AM, Morton LM, Thomas R, Cerhan JR, Gao X, Cozen W, Rothman N, Davis S, Severson RK, Bernstein L, Hartge P, Carrington M. Human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles in non-Hodgkin lymphoma etiology. Blood 2010; 115:4820-3. [PMID: 20385791 PMCID: PMC2890176 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-266775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association and candidate gene studies implicate different genetic variants within the 6p21 chromosomal region with different non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Complementing these efforts, we conducted human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II genotyping among 610 NHL cases and 555 controls of non-Hispanic white descent from a US multicenter study. Allele-disease associations were assessed by logistic regression for NHL and its subtypes. Statistically significant associations between HLA and NHL subtypes include HLA-DRB1*0101 for follicular lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, P < .001), HLA-DRB1*0401 for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; OR = 0.45, P = .006), and HLA-DRB1*13 and follicular lymphoma (OR = 0.48, P = .008). We further observed significant heterozygote advantage for HLA class I alleles and NHL, and particularly DLBCL (P trend = .01 for elevated risk with increasing number of homozygous alleles). Our results support a role for HLA in the etiology of NHL and its subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Abdou AM, Gao X, Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Rothman N, Martin MP, Davis S, Schenk M, Chanock SJ, Hartge P, Carrington M, Wang SS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2010; 24:1055-8. [PMID: 20147981 PMCID: PMC4847717 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
80
|
Circulating cytokines and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective study. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1323-33. [PMID: 20373009 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play important roles in B-cell activation, proliferation, and apoptosis, thus may be etiologically related to risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, the association between circulating levels of cytokines and B-NHL risk has not been prospectively studied in non-HIV populations. The objective of this study was to assess this association by conducting a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of non-HIV-infected, healthy women. Fifteen cytokines were measured in samples collected a median of 8.2 years prior to diagnosis in 92 cases and two matched controls per case. Only cytokines that showed adequate temporal reproducibility over a two-year period were included. The odds ratio (OR) for the highest tertile relative to the lowest was elevated for soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.4-4.7, p (trend) < 0.01) and decreased for IL-13 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2-1.0, p (trend) = 0.05). Three other cytokines were marginally associated with risk of B-NHL: TNF-alpha (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.9-3.3, p (trend) = 0.11), sTNF-R2 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.9-3.5, p (trend) = 0.06), and IL-5 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0, p (trend) = 0.06). No association was observed between B-NHL risk and levels of the other cytokines measured (IL-1beta, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-12p70, CRP and sTNF-R1). This study suggests that dysregulated cytokines may be involved in B-NHL development.
Collapse
|
81
|
The major histocompatibility complex conserved extended haplotype 8.1 in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 52:170-9. [PMID: 19654554 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b017d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adjacent genes, lymphotoxin alpha (LTA +252G, rs909253 A>G) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF -308A, rs1800629 G>A), form the G-A haplotype repeatedly associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in individuals uninfected with HIV-1. This association has been observed alone or in combination with human leukocyte antigens HLA-B*08 or HLA-DRB1*03 in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Which gene variant on this highly conserved extended haplotype (CEH 8.1) in whites most likely represents a true etiologic factor remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether the reported association of the G-A haplotype of LTA-TNF with non-AIDS NHL also occurs with AIDS-related NHL. METHODS SNPs in LTA and TNF and in 6 other genes nearby were typed in 140 non-Hispanic European American pairs of AIDS-NHL cases and matched controls selected from HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS The G-A haplotype and a 4-SNP haplotype in the neighboring gene cluster (rs537160 (A) rs1270942 (G), rs2072633 (A), and rs6467 (C)) were associated with AIDS-NHL (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 4.8, P = 0.0009; and odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.6 to 6.6, P = 0.0008; respectively). These 2 haplotypes occur in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other on CEH 8.1. CONCLUSION The CEH 8.1-specific haplotype association of MHC class III variants with AIDS-NHL closely resembles that observed for non-AIDS NHL. Corroboration of an MHC determinant of AIDS and non-AIDS NHL alike would imply an important pathogenetic mechanism common to both.
Collapse
|
82
|
Amirian E, Liu Y, Scheurer ME, El-Zein R, Gilbert MR, Bondy ML. Genetic variants in inflammation pathway genes and asthma in glioma susceptibility. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:444-52. [PMID: 20406895 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammation-related genes have previously been shown to alter risks of developing various cancers. However, the effects of such SNPs on glioma risk remain unclear. We used a multistrategic approach to elucidate the relationship between glioma risk, asthma/allergies, and 23 literature-based functional SNPs in 11 inflammation genes. Genotyping was conducted on 373 histologically confirmed adult glioma patients and 365 cancer-free controls from the Harris County Brain Tumor Study. Deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were assessed using the chi(2)-test, and Akaike's information criterion was used to determine the best genetic model for each SNP. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated both for each SNP individually and for grouped analyses, examining the effects of the numbers of adverse alleles on glioma risk in participants with and without asthma. In the single-locus analysis of the 23 examined SNPs, 1 pro-inflammatory and 2 anti-inflammatory gene SNPs were significantly associated with glioma risk (COX2/PTGS2, rs20417 [OR = 1.41]; IL10, rs1800896 [OR = 1.57]; and IL13, rs20541 [OR = 0.39], respectively). When we examined the joint effects of the risk-conferring alleles of these 3 SNPs, we found a significant trend indicating that the risk increases as the number of adverse alleles increase (P = .005). Stratifying by asthma status, we found that this dose-response-like trend of increasing risk is only present among those without asthma/allergies (P < .0001). Our study indicates that polymorphisms in inflammation genes are associated with glioma susceptibility, especially when a history of asthma/allergies is absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Amirian
- Departments of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Skibola CF, Bracci PM, Nieters A, Brooks-Wilson A, de Sanjosé S, Hughes AM, Cerhan JR, Skibola DR, Purdue M, Kane E, Lan Q, Foretova L, Schenk M, Spinelli JJ, Slager SL, De Roos AJ, Smith MT, Roman E, Cozen W, Boffetta P, Kricker A, Zheng T, Lightfoot T, Cocco P, Benavente Y, Zhang Y, Hartge P, Linet MS, Becker N, Brennan P, Zhang L, Armstrong B, Smith A, Shiao R, Novak AJ, Maynadie M, Chanock SJ, Staines A, Holford TR, Holly EA, Rothman N, Wang SS. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) polymorphisms and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the InterLymph Consortium. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:267-76. [PMID: 20047977 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium pooled analysis, polymorphisms in 2 immune-system-related genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-10 (IL10), were associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. Here, 8,847 participants were added to previous data (patients diagnosed from 1989 to 2005 in 14 case-control studies; 7,999 cases, 8,452 controls) for testing of polymorphisms in the TNF -308G>A (rs1800629), lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) 252A>G (rs909253), IL10 -3575T>A (rs1800890, rs1800896), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) 3020insC (rs2066847) genes. Odds ratios were estimated for non-Hispanic whites and several ethnic subgroups using 2-sided tests. Consistent with previous findings, odds ratios were increased for "new" participant TNF -308A carriers (NHL: per-allele odds ratio (OR(allelic)) = 1.10, P(trend) = 0.001; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): OR(allelic) = 1.23, P(trend) = 0.004). In the combined population, odds ratios were increased for TNF -308A carriers (NHL: OR(allelic) = 1.13, P(trend) = 0.0001; DLBCL: OR(allelic) = 1.25, P(trend) = 3.7 x 10(-6); marginal zone lymphoma: OR(allelic) = 1.35, P(trend) = 0.004) and LTA 252G carriers (DLBCL: OR(allelic) = 1.12, P(trend) = 0.006; mycosis fungoides: OR(allelic) = 1.44, P(trend) = 0.015). The LTA 252A>G/TNF -308G>A haplotype containing the LTA/TNF variant alleles was strongly associated with DLBCL (P = 2.9 x 10(-8)). Results suggested associations between IL10 -3575T>A and DLBCL (P(trend) = 0.02) and IL10 -1082A>G and mantle cell lymphoma (P(trend) = 0.04). These findings strengthen previous results for DLBCL and the LTA 252A>G/TNF -308A locus and provide robust evidence that these TNF/LTA gene variants, or others in linkage disequilibrium, are involved in NHL etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Skibola
- 237A Hildebrand Hall, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Mori N. Two loci controlling susceptibility to radiation-induced lymphomagenesis on mouse chromosome 4: cdkn2a, a candidate for one locus, and a novel locus distinct from cdkn2a. Radiat Res 2010; 173:158-64. [PMID: 20095847 DOI: 10.1667/rr1855.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BALB/c mice are sensitive to radiation-induced lymphomagenesis, while STS mice are resistant. Using 219 [(BALB/c x STS)F(1) x BALB/c] (N2C) and 197 [(BALB/c x STS)F(1) x STS] (N2S) animals, we performed a genome-wide search for loci controlling susceptibility to lymphomagenesis induced by radiation. Association of markers with the survival of animals was analyzed by the log rank test. For N2C mice, a significant correlation was detected, with four markers on the proximal to mid portion of chromosome 4: D4Mit302 and D4Mit255, P = 0.0075; D4Mit17, P = 0.034; and D4Mit86, P = 0.048. On the other hand, no significant linkage was detected in N2S mice. We analyzed BALB/c mice congenic for the STS allele in different regions of chromosome 4 and identified a locus with a conspicuous effect on survival located within a 7-Mb region between D4Mit302 and D4Mit144, where BALB/c mice harbor hypomorphic variant alleles of the tumor suppressor gene Cdkn2a, which encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein p16INK4a. Using pooled F(2) intercrosses between the BALB/c and congenic lines carrying the STS allele near D4Mit17, but not in the range from D4Mit302 to D4Mit144, we assigned the second locus to an 11.4-Mb region in the vicinity of D4Mit17. Although Cdkn2a is a likely candidate for the locus controlling susceptibility to lymphomagenesis on chromosome 4, a novel tumor susceptibility gene different from Cdkn2a exists near the primary locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Mori
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8570, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Fernberg P, Chang ET, Duvefelt K, Hjalgrim H, Eloranta S, Sørensen KM, Porwit A, Humphreys K, Melbye M, Ekström Smedby K. Genetic variation in chromosomal translocation breakpoint and immune function genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:759-69. [PMID: 20087644 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Fernberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Dave SS. Host factors for risk and survival in lymphoma. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2010; 2010:255-258. [PMID: 21239802 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
All cancers arise from complex interactions between aspects of the patient (host) biology and the environment. Once tumors arise, they frequently remain dependent on interactions with their microenvironment for their growth and proliferation. In this review, we examine the contributions of the host genetics and environmental exposures to the development of lymphoma. We will further examine the interactions of the tumor and the microenvironment that influence tumor growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Dave
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Zhou P, Fang X, McNally BA, Yu P, Zhu M, Fu YX, Wang L, Liu Y, Zheng P. Targeting lymphotoxin-mediated negative selection to prevent prostate cancer in mice with genetic predisposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:17134-9. [PMID: 19805094 PMCID: PMC2761305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905707106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of individuals genetically susceptible to cancer calls for preventive measures to minimize the cancer risk in these high-risk populations. Immune prevention is made necessary by the anticipated health threat, but lack of enough high-affinity T cells against tumor-associated antigens and the unpredictability of tumor antigens make antigen-based immune prevention untenable for cancer. To address this issue, we explored a non-antigen-based cancer immune prevention strategy using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model that spontaneously develops prostate cancer with 100% penetrance. We show that targeted mutation of the lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) gene efficiently rescued tumor-reactive T cells, drastically reduced cancer incidence, and almost completely ablated metastasis. Remarkably, short-term treatments with the fusion protein consisting of constant region of IgG and extracellular domain of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaRIg) interrupted clonal deletion, reduced the size of the primary cancer, and completely prevented metastasis later in life. Our data demonstrated the value of non-antigen-based immune prevention for those with a genetic predisposition to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhou
- Division of Immunotherapy, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xianfeng Fang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Beth A. McNally
- Division of Immunotherapy, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60636
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60636
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60636
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pan Zheng
- Division of Immunotherapy, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Gathany AH, Hartge P, Davis S, Cerhan JR, Severson RK, Cozen W, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Wang SS. Relationship between interferon regulatory factor 4 genetic polymorphisms, measures of sun sensitivity and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:1291-302. [PMID: 19396635 PMCID: PMC2746901 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sun exposure and sensitivity, including pigmentation, are associated with risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). One variant in the immune regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) gene (rs12203592) is associated with pigmentation, and a different IRF4 variant (rs12211228) is associated with NHL risk. We evaluated the independent roles of these IRF4 polymorphisms and sun sensitivity in mediating NHL risk and explored whether they are confounded or modified by each other. METHODS Genotyping of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IRF4 gene was conducted in 990 NHL cases and 828 controls from a multi-center US study. Measures of sun sensitivity and exposure were ascertained from computer-assisted personal interviews. We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NHL in relation to sun exposures, sun exposures in relation to IRF4 genotypes, and NHL in relation to sun exposures. We further assessed the effects of sun exposures in relation to IRF4 genotypes. RESULTS As previously reported, we found significant associations between IRF4 rs12211228 and NHL and between hair and eye color and NHL. The IRF4 rs12203592 polymorphism (CT/TT genotype) was statistically significantly associated with eye color and particularly with hair color (OR(Light Blonde) = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.50, overall Chi square p = 0.0002). Analysis of joint effects between eye and hair color with the IRF4 rs12203592 SNP did not reveal statistically significant p-interactions although NHL risk did decline with lighter hair color and presence of the variant IRF4 rs12203592 allele, compared to those without a variant allele and with black/brown hair color. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not statistically support a joint effect between IRF4 and sun sensitivity in mediating risk for NHL. Further evaluation of joint effects in other and larger populations is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison H. Gathany
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852 USA
- Yale School of Public Heath, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Scott Davis
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Richard K. Severson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Sophia S. Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 7070, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Zintzaras E, Kitsios GD. Synopsis and synthesis of candidate-gene association studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the CUMAGAS-CLL information system. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:671-8. [PMID: 19700502 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive and systematic assessment of the current status of candidate-gene association studies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was conducted. Data from 989 candidate-gene association studies (1992-2009) involving 905 distinct genetic variants were analyzed and cataloged in CUMAGAS-CLL, a Web-based information system which allows the retrieval and synthesis of data from candidate-gene association studies on CLL (http://biomath.med.uth.gr). Nine genetic variants (BAX (rs4645878), GSTM1 (null/present), GSTT1 (null/present), IL10 (rs1800896), LTA (rs909253), MTHFR (rs1801131), MTHFR (rs1801133), P2RX7 (rs3751143), and TNF (rs1800629)) were investigated in 4 or more studies, and their results were meta-analyzed. In individual studies, 147 variants showed a significant association with CLL risk under any genetic model. For 53 variants, the association was significant at P < 0.01 with an increased risk greater than 40%. Only 0.3% of studies had statistical power greater than 80%. In meta-analyses, none of the variants showed significant results, and heterogeneity ranged from none to high. Large and rigorous genetic studies (candidate-gene association studies and genome-wide association studies) designed to investigate epistatic and gene-environment interactions may produce more conclusive evidence about the genetic etiology of CLL. CUMAGAS-CLL would be a useful tool for current genomic epidemiology research in the field of CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Papakyriazi 22, Larissa41222, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Susceptibility for ischemic stroke in Korean population is associated with polymorphisms of the Fc gamma receptor IIA. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2009; 20:353-7. [PMID: 19357503 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32832a86fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fc gamma receptor IIA could influence atherogenic processes through the production of superoxide anions, cytokines, and proteolytic enzymes as well as by oxidation of lipoproteins and enhancement of foam cell formation. In this study, we performed an interaction analysis between FCGR2A polymorphisms and ischemic stroke using direct DNA sequencing after the selection of Fc gamma receptor IIA gene based on genome-wide association study. Four of the FCGR2A polymorphisms, rs7511868 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.21; P = 0.027], rs6427595 (OR = 3.12; P = 0.008), rs7512140 (OR = 5.71; P = 0.002), and rs6696854 (OR = 3.65; P = 0.004) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. These four polymorphisms still showed significant association after stratification analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method. In the multivariate logistic regression, the adjusted OR estimates for rs6427595, rs7512140, and rs6696854 were 3.04 (P = 0.016), 4.84 (P = 0.015), and 3.80 (P = 0.006), respectively. The diplotype consisting of two homozygous haplotypes (H2 = AAAC) was significantly associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 17.39; P < 0.001). These results suggest that FCGR2A polymorphisms may be associated with a genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in a Korean population.
Collapse
|
91
|
Lan Q, Morton LM, Armstrong B, Hartge P, Menashe I, Zheng T, Purdue MP, Cerhan JR, Zhang Y, Grulich A, Cozen W, Yeager M, Holford TR, Vajdic CM, Davis S, Leaderer B, Kricker A, Schenk M, Zahm SH, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Wang SS. Genetic variation in caspase genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of 3 population-based case-control studies. Blood 2009; 114:264-7. [PMID: 19414860 PMCID: PMC2714202 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-198697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases play a critical role in regulation of apoptosis, cell differentiation, inflammation, and innate immunity, and several are mutated or have altered expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To study the impact of genetic variation in caspases on NHL risk, we analyzed tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 caspase and related genes in 3 population-based case-control studies (1946 cases and 1808 controls). Gene-based analysis, adjusting for the number of tagSNPs genotyped in each gene, showed significant associations for CASP8, CASP9, and CASP1. SNP-based analysis showed that CASP8 rs6736233 (odds ratio (OR) (CG) = 1.21; OR(CC) = 2.13; P trend = .011); CASP9 rs4661636 (OR(CT) = 0.89; OR(TT) = 0.77; P trend = .011); and CASP1 rs1785882 (OR(AT) = 1.12; OR(AA) = 1.30; P trend = .0054) were significantly associated with NHL risk and consistent across studies. It is noteworthy that genetic variants in CASP8 were associated with risk of all major NHL subtypes. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in caspases may play an important role in lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Liang XS, Caporaso N, McMaster ML, Ng D, Landgren O, Yeager M, Chanock S, Goldin LR. Common genetic variants in candidate genes and risk of familial lymphoid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2009; 146:418-23. [PMID: 19573080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Familial aggregation, linkage and case-control studies support the role of germline genes in the aetiology of lymphoid malignancies. To further examine the role of genetic variation underlying susceptibility, we analysed 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 152 genes involved in apoptosis, DNA repair, immune response and oxidative stress pathways among a unique sample of 165 unrelated familial cases including patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and 107 spouse controls. We confirmed previous studies showing a polymorphism in the IL10 promoter (rs1800890/-3575T>A) to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as this allele was found to be associated with both CLL and WM. We also confirmed the role of IL6 variation to be associated with HL. Polymorphisms in TNFSF10 were associated with both CLL and WM. Future replication and functional studies are needed to clarify the role of these genetic variants. Finally, our data further support the close association of WM and CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Sharon Liang
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Andrie E, Michos A, Kalampoki V, Pourtsidis A, Moschovi M, Polychronopoulou S, Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou F, Kalmanti M, Hatzakis A, Paraskevis D, Nieters A, Petridou ET. Genetic variants in immunoregulatory genes and risk for childhood lymphomas. Eur J Haematol 2009; 83:334-42. [PMID: 19508433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key cytokine and innate immunity genes influence risk for childhood lymphomas, we genotyped 37 children with Hodgkin's (HL) and 48 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), aged (1 month-14 yr), along with their 85 age- and gender-matched controls suffering from mild medical conditions. Genotypic analysis was performed for 10 SNPs from nine genes with important role in immunoregulatory pathways (IL4, IL4R, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL18, TNFalpha, IFNgamma, CD14). Analysis of SNPs genotypes revealed that the CD14 -159 C>T polymorphism was associated with significantly increased risk for HL regarding both the CC and CT genotypes (OR(CC): 5.36; 95% CI, 1.30-22.14; P = 0.02, OR(CT): 3.76; 95% CI, 1.00-14.16; P = 0.05). An indicative association between IL18-137 G>C polymorphism with the CC genotype and NHL did not reach, however, statistical significance (OR(CC), 3.78; 95% CI, 0.87-16.38; P = 0.08). In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CD14-159 loci may be associated with childhood HL risk; these preliminary findings need to be further confirmed in sizeable multi-centre studies along with determination of cytokines, which could provide an insight on the biologic basis underlying these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Andrie
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Wang SS, Purdue MP, Cerhan JR, Zheng T, Menashe I, Armstrong BK, Lan Q, Hartge P, Kricker A, Zhang Y, Morton LM, Vajdic CM, Holford TR, Severson RK, Grulich A, Leaderer BP, Davis S, Cozen W, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Chatterjee N, Rothman N. Common gene variants in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor superfamilies and NF-kB transcription factors and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5360. [PMID: 19390683 PMCID: PMC2669130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A promoter polymorphism in the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (TNF G-308A) is associated with increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. The protein product, TNF-alpha, activates the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappaB) transcription factor, and is critical for inflammatory and apoptotic responses in cancer progression. We hypothesized that the TNF and NF-kappaB pathways are important for NHL and that gene variations across the pathways may alter NHL risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 500 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 48 candidate gene regions (defined as 20 kb 5', 10 kb 3') in the TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies and the NF-kappaB and related transcription factors, in 1946 NHL cases and 1808 controls pooled from three independent population-based case-control studies. We obtained a gene region-level summary of association by computing the minimum p-value ("minP test"). We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to SNP genotypes and haplotypes. For NHL, the tail strength statistic supported an overall relationship between the TNF/NF-kappaB pathway and NHL (p = 0.02). We confirmed the association between TNF/LTA on chromosome 6p21.3 with NHL and found the LTA rs2844484 SNP most significantly and specifically associated with the major subtype, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (p-trend = 0.001). We also implicated for the first time, variants in NFKBIL1 on chromosome 6p21.3, associated with NHL. Other gene regions identified as statistically significantly associated with NHL included FAS, IRF4, TNFSF13B, TANK, TNFSF7 and TNFRSF13C. Accordingly, the single most significant SNPs associated with NHL were FAS rs4934436 (p-trend = 0.0024), IRF4 rs12211228 (p-trend = 0.0026), TNFSF13B rs2582869 (p-trend = 0.0055), TANK rs1921310 (p-trend = 0.0025), TNFSF7 rs16994592 (p-trend = 0.0024), and TNFRSF13C rs6002551 (p-trend = 0.0074). All associations were consistent in each study with no apparent specificity for NHL subtype. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide consistent evidence that variation in the TNF superfamily of genes and specifically within chromosome 6p21.3 impacts lymphomagenesis. Further characterization of these susceptibility loci and identification of functional variants are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Morton LM, Purdue MP, Zheng T, Wang SS, Armstrong B, Zhang Y, Menashe I, Chatterjee N, Davis S, Lan Q, Vajdic CM, Severson RK, Holford TR, Kricker A, Cerhan JR, Leaderer B, Grulich A, Yeager M, Cozen W, Hoar Zahm S, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Hartge P. Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with germline variation in genes that regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1259-70. [PMID: 19336552 PMCID: PMC2716008 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are the hallmark genetic aberration in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with specific translocations often selectively associated with specific NHL subtypes. Because many NHL-associated translocations involve cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development regulatory genes, we evaluated NHL risk associated with common genetic variation in 20 candidate genes in these pathways. Genotyping of 203 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was conducted in 1,946 NHL cases and 1,808 controls pooled from 3 independent population-based case-control studies. We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to tag SNP genotypes and haplotypes. We observed the most striking associations for tag SNPs in the proapoptotic gene BCL2L11 (BIM) and BCL7A, which is involved in a rare NHL-associated translocation. Variants in BCL2L11 were strongly related to follicular lymphoma only, particularly rs3789068 (OR(AG), 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81; OR(GG), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.25-2.19; P(trend) = 0.0004). Variants in BCL7A were strongly related to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma only, particularly rs1880030 (OR(AG), 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68; OR(AA), 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22-2.08; P(trend) = 0.0004). The associations for both variants were similar in all three studies and supported by haplotype analyses. We also observed notable associations for variants in BCL6, CCND1, and MYC. Our results support the role of common genetic variation in cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development regulatory genes in lymphomagenesis, and suggest that effects may vary by NHL subtype. Replication of our findings and further study to identify functional SNPs are warranted.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Genotype
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Cerhan JR, Novak AJ, Fredericksen ZS, Wang AH, Liebow M, Call TG, Dogan A, Witzig TE, Ansell SM, Habermann TM, Kay NE, Slager SL. Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in association with germline variation in complement genes. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:614-23. [PMID: 19344414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in complement genes have been associated with susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases, conditions that are associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. To test the hypothesis that common genetic variation in complement genes affect risk of NHL, we genotyped 167 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 31 genes in 441 NHL cases and 475 controls. Principal components (PC) and haplotype analyses were used for gene-level tests of NHL risk, while individual SNPs were modelled as having a log-additive effect. In gene level PC analyses, C2 (P = 0.023), C5 (P = 0.0032) and C9 (P = 0.020) were associated with NHL risk; haplotype analyses showed similar results, as well as a haplotype association for C7 (P = 0.046). When all four genes were considered simultaneously, only C5 and C9 remained significant (P < 0.05). In SNP level results from these genes, 10 SNPs had a P < 0.05. However, after correcting for multiple testing, only the C5 SNPs rs7026551 (q = 0.015; OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.21-1.95) and rs2416810 (q = 0.015; OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.22-2.01), and the C9 SNP rs187875 (q = 0.015; OR = 0.68; 95% 0.56-0.84) remained noteworthy. Associations were similar for the common NHL subtypes. In summary, we provide evidence for a role of genetic variation in complement genes, particularly C5 and C9, and NHL risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Colt JS, Rothman N, Severson RK, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, Chatterjee N, Cozen W, Morton LM, De Roos AJ, Davis S, Chanock S, Wang SS. Organochlorine exposure, immune gene variation, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2009; 113:1899-905. [PMID: 19066394 PMCID: PMC2651009 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine exposure was linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. To determine whether this relation is modified by immune gene variation, we genotyped 61 polymorphisms in 36 immune genes in 1172 NHL cases and 982 controls from the National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (NCI-SEER) study. We examined 3 exposures with elevated risk in this study: PCB180 (plasma, dust measurements), the toxic equivalency quotient (an integrated functional measure of several organochlorines) in plasma, and alpha-chlordane (dust measurements, self-reported termiticide use). Plasma (100 cases, 100 controls) and dust (682 cases, 513 controls) levels were treated as natural log-transformed continuous variables. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate beta coefficients and odds ratios, stratified by genotype. Associations between all 3 exposures and NHL risk were limited to the same genotypes for IFNG (C-1615T) TT and IL4 (5'-UTR, Ex1-168C>T) CC. Associations between PCB180 in plasma and dust and NHL risk were limited to the same genotypes for IL16 (3'-UTR, Ex22+871A>G) AA, IL8 (T-251A) TT, and IL10 (A-1082G) AG/GG. This shows that the relation between organochlorine exposure and NHL risk may be modified by particular variants in immune genes and provides one of the first examples of a potential gene-environment interaction for NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Cerhan JR, Liu-Mares W, Fredericksen ZS, Novak AJ, Cunningham JM, Kay NE, Dogan A, Liebow M, Wang AH, Call TG, Habermann TM, Ansell SM, Slager SL. Genetic variation in tumor necrosis factor and the nuclear factor-kappaB canonical pathway and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:3161-9. [PMID: 18990758 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer closely associated with immune function, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A promoter polymorphism, which influences immune function and regulation, was recently reported by the InterLymph Consortium to be associated with NHL risk. TNF signaling activates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) canonical pathway, leading to transcriptional activation of multiple genes that influence inflammation and immune response. We hypothesized that, in addition to TNF signaling, common genetic variation in genes from the NF-kappaB canonical pathway may affect risk of NHL. We genotyped 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within TNF, lymphotoxin A LTA, and nine NF-kappaB genes from the canonical pathway (TNFRSF1A, TRADD, TRAF2, TRAF5, RIPK1, CHUK, IKBKB, NFKB1, and REL) in a clinic-based study of 441 incident cases and 475 frequency-matched controls. Tagging SNPs were selected from HapMap supplemented by putative functional SNPs for LTA/TNF. We used principal components and haplo.stats to model gene-level associations and logistic regression to model SNP-level associations. Compared with the wild-type (GG), the AA genotype for the TNF promoter polymorphism G-308A (rs1800629) was associated with increased risk of NHL [odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.94-4.85], whereas the GA genotype was not (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.74-1.34). This association was similar for follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A previously reported LTA/TNF haplotype was also associated with NHL risk. In gene-level analysis of the NF-kappaB pathway, only NFKB1 showed a statistically significant association with NHL (P = 0.049), and one NFKB1 tagSNP (rs4648022) was associated with NHL risk overall (ordinal OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.84; Ptrend = 0.0037) and for each of the common subtypes. In conclusion, we provide additional evidence for the role of genetic variation in TNF and LTA SNPs and haplotypes with risk of NHL and also provide some of the first preliminary evidence for an association of genetic variation in NFKB1, a downstream target of TNF signaling, with risk of NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Morton LM, Wang SS, Cozen W, Linet MS, Chatterjee N, Davis S, Severson RK, Colt JS, Vasef MA, Rothman N, Blair A, Bernstein L, Cross AJ, De Roos AJ, Engels EA, Hein DW, Hill DA, Kelemen LE, Lim U, Lynch CF, Schenk M, Wacholder S, Ward MH, Hoar Zahm S, Chanock SJ, Cerhan JR, Hartge P. Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. Blood 2008; 112:5150-60. [PMID: 18796628 PMCID: PMC2597610 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-133587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of etiologic commonality and heterogeneity for non-Hodgkin lymphomas may illuminate lymphomagenesis. We present the first systematic comparison of risks by lymphoma subtype for a broad range of putative risk factors in a population-based case-control study, including diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL; N = 416), follicular (N = 318), and marginal zone lymphomas (N = 106), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; N = 133). We required at least 2 of 3 analyses to support differences in risk: (1) polytomous logistic regression, (2) homogeneity tests, or (3) dichotomous logistic regression, analyzing all 7 possible pairwise comparisons among the subtypes, corresponding to various groupings by clinical behavior, genetic features, and differentiation. Late birth order and high body mass index (>/= 35) kg/m(2)) increased risk for DLBCL alone. Autoimmune conditions increased risk for marginal zone lymphoma alone. The tumor necrosis factor G-308A polymorphism (rs1800629) increased risks for both DLBCL and marginal zone lymphoma. Exposure to certain dietary heterocyclic amines from meat consumption increased risk for CLL/SLL alone. We observed no significant risk factors for follicular lymphoma alone. These data clearly support both etiologic commonality and heterogeneity for lymphoma subtypes, suggesting that immune dysfunction is of greater etiologic importance for DLBCL and marginal zone lymphoma than for CLL/SLL and follicular lymphoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoimmunity
- Birth Order
- Body Mass Index
- Case-Control Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
- Logistic Models
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
- Lymphoma, Follicular
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Meat/adverse effects
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Risk Factors
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Purdue MP, Lan Q, Wang SS, Kricker A, Menashe I, Zheng TZ, Hartge P, Grulich AE, Zhang Y, Morton LM, Vajdic CM, Holford TR, Severson RK, Leaderer BP, Cerhan JR, Yeager M, Cozen W, Jacobs K, Davis S, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Chatterjee N, Armstrong BK. A pooled investigation of Toll-like receptor gene variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:275-81. [PMID: 19029192 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may influence the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) given their important roles in recognizing microbial pathogens and stimulating multiple immune pathways. We conducted an investigation of TLR gene variants in a pooled analysis including three population-based case-control studies of NHL (1946 cases and 1808 controls). Thirty-six tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR2, TLR4 and the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster were genotyped. Two TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 variants in moderate linkage disequilibrium were significantly associated with NHL: rs10008492 [odds ratio for CT genotype (OR(CT)) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.30; OR(TT) 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.71; P(trend) = 0.001] and rs4833103 (OR(AC) 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88; OR(AA) 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.90; P(trend) = 0.002; P(dominant) = 0.0002). Associations with these SNPs were consistent across all the three studies and did not appreciably differ by histologic subtype. We found little evidence of association between TLR2 variation and all NHL, although the rare variant rs3804100 was significantly associated with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), both overall (OR(CT/CC) 1.89, 95% CI 1.27-2.81; P(dominant) = 0.002) and in two of the three studies. No associations with TLR4 variants were observed. This pooled analysis provides strong evidence that variation in the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 region is associated with NHL risk and suggests that TLR2 variants may influence susceptibility to MZL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|