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Unravelling the Interplay between Extracellular Acidosis and Immune Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1218297. [PMID: 30692870 PMCID: PMC6332927 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1218297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an acidic tissue environment is a hallmark of a variety of inflammatory processes and solid tumors. However, little attention has been paid so far to analyze the influence exerted by extracellular pH on the immune response. Tissue acidosis (pH 6.0 to 7.0) is usually associated with the course of infectious processes in peripheral tissues. Moreover, it represents a prominent feature of solid tumors. In fact, values of pH ranging from 5.7 to 7.0 are usually found in a number of solid tumors such as breast cancer, brain tumors, sarcomas, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas. Both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response appear to be finely regulated by extracellular acidosis in the range of pH values found at inflammatory sites and tumors. Low pH has been shown to delay neutrophil apoptosis, promoting their differentiation into a proangiogenic profile. Acting on monocytes and macrophages, it induces the activation of the inflammasome and the production of IL-1β, while the exposure of conventional dendritic cells to low pH promotes the acquisition of a mature phenotype. Overall, these observations suggest that high concentrations of protons could be recognized by innate immune cells as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). On the other hand, by acting on T lymphocytes, low pH has been shown to suppress the cytotoxic response mediated by CD8+ T cells as well as the production of IFN-γ by TH1 cells. Interestingly, modulation of tumor microenvironment acidity has been shown to be able not only to reverse anergy in human and mouse tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes but also to improve the antitumor immune response induced by checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we provide an integrated view of the influence exerted by low pH on immune cells and discuss its implications in the immune response against infectious agents and tumor cells.
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Effects of extracellular acidity on resistance to chemotherapy treatment: a systematic review. Med Oncol 2018; 35:161. [PMID: 30377828 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in the tumor microenvironment have a complex effect on cancer progression. Extracellular acidity is a consequence of metabolic switch in cancer and results in cell phenotypes with higher resistance to chemotherapeutics. However, mechanisms underlying the relationship between the extracellular acidity and chemoresistance are not clearly understood. This systematic review was carried out by searching the databases PubMed and EMBASE using the keywords "cancer" and "acidosis" or "acidic" and "chemoresistance" or "drug resistance." In vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the effects of acidification of the tumor microenvironment on chemotherapeutic treatments were included. Literature reviews, letters to the editor, and articles that were not published in English were excluded. The search resulted in a total of 352 articles. After discarding 75 duplicate references, 277 articles were analyzed by sequentially reading through their titles, abstracts, and finally full-text. A total of 14 articles was selected. Acidification of the tumor microenvironment can trigger resistance through different mechanisms, such as increase in drug efflux transporters, inhibition of proton pumps, induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and cellular autophagy.
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Lacroix R, Rozeman EA, Kreutz M, Renner K, Blank CU. Targeting tumor-associated acidity in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1331-1348. [PMID: 29974196 PMCID: PMC11028141 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies have changed profoundly the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and bladder cancer. Currently, they are tested in various tumor entities as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapies or targeted therapies. However, only a subgroup of patients benefit from checkpoint blockade (combinations). This raises the question, which all mechanisms inhibit T cell function in the tumor environment, restricting the efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches. Serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase, likely reflecting the glycolytic activity of the tumor cells and thus acidity within the tumor microenvironment, turned out to be one of the strongest markers predicting response to checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the impact of tumor-associated acidity on the efficacy of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy and possible approaches to break this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mathematical Modeling of the Function of Warburg Effect in Tumor Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8903. [PMID: 29891989 PMCID: PMC5995918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are known for their increased glucose uptake rates even in the presence of abundant oxygen. This altered metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. Despite an enormous number of studies conducted on the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, little is known about how the Warburg effect affects tumor growth and progression. We developed a multi-scale computational model to explore the detailed effects of glucose metabolism of cancer cells on tumorigenesis behavior in a tumor microenvironment. Despite glycolytic tumors, the growth of non-glycolytic tumor is dependent on a congruous morphology without markedly interfering with glucose and acid concentrations of the tumor microenvironment. Upregulated glucose metabolism helped to retain oxygen levels above the hypoxic limit during early tumor growth, and thus obviated the need for neo-vasculature recruitment. Importantly, simulating growth of tumors within a range of glucose uptake rates showed that there exists a spectrum of glucose uptake rates within which the tumor is most aggressive, i.e. it can exert maximal acidic stress on its microenvironment and most efficiently compete for glucose supplies. Moreover, within the same spectrum, the tumor could grow to invasive morphologies while its size did not markedly shrink.
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Wu H, Ying M, Hu X. Lactic acidosis switches cancer cells from aerobic glycolysis back to dominant oxidative phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40621-40629. [PMID: 27259254 PMCID: PMC5130031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is accompanied with a switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, it is interesting to ask if cancer cells can revert from Warburg effect to OXPHOS. Our previous works suggested that cancer cells reverted to OXPHOS, when they were exposed to lactic acidosis, a common factor in tumor environment. However, the conclusion cannot be drawn unless ATP output from glycolysis and OXPHOS is quantitatively determined. Here we quantitatively measured ATP generation from glycolysis and OXPHOS in 9 randomly selected cancer cell lines. Without lactic acidosis, glycolysis and OXPHOS generated 23.7% − 52.2 % and 47.8% − 76.3% of total ATP, respectively; with lactic acidosis (20 mM lactate with pH 6.7), glycolysis and OXPHOS provided 5.7% − 13.4% and 86.6% − 94.3% of total ATP. We concluded that cancer cells under lactic acidosis reverted from Warburg effect to OXPHOS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Hao G, Xu ZP, Li L. Manipulating extracellular tumour pH: an effective target for cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22182-22192. [PMID: 35541713 PMCID: PMC9081285 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment has played important roles in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Hao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
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Kondo A, Yamamoto S, Nakaki R, Shimamura T, Hamakubo T, Sakai J, Kodama T, Yoshida T, Aburatani H, Osawa T. Extracellular Acidic pH Activates the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 to Promote Tumor Progression. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2228-2242. [PMID: 28249167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditions of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation, play critical roles in cancer progression. However, the role of acidic extracellular pH in cancer progression is not studied as extensively as that of hypoxia. Here, we show that extracellular acidic pH (pH 6.8) triggered activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by stimulating nuclear translocation and promoter binding to its targets, along with intracellular acidification. Interestingly, inhibition of SREBP2, but not SREBP1, suppressed the upregulation of low pH-induced cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), a direct SREBP2 target, provided a growth advantage to cancer cells under acidic pH. Furthermore, acidic pH-responsive SREBP2 target genes were associated with reduced overall survival of cancer patients. Thus, our findings show that SREBP2 is a key transcriptional regulator of metabolic genes and progression of cancer cells, partly in response to extracellular acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kondo
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; Innovative Technology Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 3-6-6 Asahimachi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yoshida
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 441-8731, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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Abstract
The high metabolic demand of cancer cells leads to an accumulation of H+ ions in the tumour microenvironment. The disorganized tumour vasculature prevents an efficient wash-out of H+ ions released into the extracellular medium but also favours the development of tumour hypoxic regions associated with a shift towards glycolytic metabolism. Under hypoxia, the final balance of glycolysis, including breakdown of generated ATP, is the production of lactate and a stoichiometric amount of H+ ions. Another major source of H+ ions results from hydration of CO2 produced in the more oxidative tumour areas. All of these events occur at high rates in tumours to fulfil bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. This Review summarizes the current understanding of how H+-generating metabolic processes segregate within tumours according to the distance from blood vessels and inversely how ambient acidosis influences tumour metabolism, reducing glycolysis while promoting mitochondrial activity. The Review also presents novel insights supporting the participation of acidosis in cancer progression via stimulation of autophagy and immunosuppression. Finally, recent advances in the different therapeutic modalities aiming to either block pH-regulatory systems or exploit acidosis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 53 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 53 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Quantification of lactate from various metabolic pathways and quantification issues of lactate isotopologues and isotopmers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8489. [PMID: 28814730 PMCID: PMC5559627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
13C-labeled glucose combined with chromatography and mass spectrometry enables us to decipher the percentage of lactate generated from various metabolic pathways. We showed that lactate derived from glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle, and other sources accounted for 82-90%, 6.0-11%, 0.67-1.8% and 1.5-7.9%, respectively, depending on different types of cells. When using glucose isotopomers ([1-13C]-, [3-13C]-, [4-13C]-, and [6-13C]glucose) or isotopologues ([1,2-13C2]- and [1,2,3-13C3]glucose) for tracing, the ratio of lactate derived from glucose carbon 1, 2, 3 over 4, 5, 6 via glycolysis varied significantly, ranging from 1.6 (traced with [1,2-13C2]glucose) to 0.85 (traced with [6-13C]glucose), but the theoretical ratio should be 1. The odd results might be caused by intramolecular 13C, which may significantly affect lactate fragmentation under tandem mass spectrometry condition, leading to erroneous quantification. Indeed, the fragmentation efficiency of [U-13C]lactate, [2,3-13C]lactate, and [3-13C]lactate were 1.4, 1.5 and 1.2 folds higher than lactate, respectively, but [1-13C]lactate was similar to lactate, suggesting that carbon-13 at different positions could differentially influence lactate fragmentation. This observed phenomenon was inconsistent with the data based on theoretical calculation, according to which activation energies for all lactate isotopomers and isotopologues are nearly identical. The inconsistency suggested a need for further investigation. Our study suggests that calibration is required for quantifying metabolite isotopolugues and isotopomers.
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61
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Ibrahim-Hashim A, Abrahams D, Enriquez-Navas PM, Luddy K, Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Tris-base buffer: a promising new inhibitor for cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1720-1729. [PMID: 28556628 PMCID: PMC5504318 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing tumor external acidity with oral buffers has proven effective for the prevention and inhibition of metastasis in several cancer mouse models. Solid tumors are highly acidic as a result of high glycolysis combined with an inadequate blood supply. Our prior work has shown that sodium bicarbonate, imidazole, and free‐base (but not protonated) lysine are effective in reducing tumor progression and metastasis. However, a concern in translating these results to clinic has been the presence of counter ions and their potential undesirable side effects (e.g., hypernatremia). In this work, we investigate tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, (THAM or Tris), a primary amine with no counter ion, for its effects on metastasis and progression in prostate and pancreatic cancer in vivo models using MRI and bioluminescence imaging. At an ad lib concentration of 200 mmol/L, Tris effectively inhibited metastasis in both models and furthermore led to a decrease in the expression of the major glucose transporter, GLUT‐1. Our results also showed that Tris–base buffer (pH 8.4) had no overt toxicity to C3H mice even at higher doses (400 mmol/L). In conclusion, we have developed a novel therapeutic approach to manipulate tumor extracellular pH (pHe) that could be readily adapted to a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Dominique Abrahams
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Pedro M Enriquez-Navas
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kim Luddy
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Linking tumor glycolysis and immune evasion in cancer: Emerging concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:212-220. [PMID: 28400131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are two hallmarks of cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is exemplified by cancer's propensity to utilize glucose at an exponential rate which in turn is linked with "aerobic glycolysis", popularly known as the "Warburg effect". Tumor glycolysis is pivotal for the efficient management of cellular bioenergetics and uninterrupted cancer growth. Mounting evidence suggests that tumor glycolysis also plays a key role in instigating immunosuppressive networks that are critical for cancer cells to escape immune surveillance ("immune evasion"). Recent data show that induction of cellular stress or metabolic dysregulation sensitize cancer cells to antitumor immune cells implying that metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion harmonize during cancer progression. However, the molecular link between these two hallmarks of cancer remains obscure. In this review the molecular intricacies of tumor glycolysis that facilitate immune evasion has been discussed in the light of recent research to explore immunotherapeutic potential of targeting cancer metabolism.
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63
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Scott J, Marusyk A. Somatic clonal evolution: A selection-centric perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1867:139-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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64
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Dumas JF, Brisson L, Chevalier S, Mahéo K, Fromont G, Moussata D, Besson P, Roger S. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, consequences on pH and tumour progression: Integrated therapeutic perspectives with dietary lipids as adjuvant to anticancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:90-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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65
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Hu X, Chao M, Wu H. Central role of lactate and proton in cancer cell resistance to glucose deprivation and its clinical translation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:16047. [PMID: 29263910 PMCID: PMC5661620 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting common weaknesses of cancer is an important strategy for cancer therapy. Glucose is a nutrient that maintains essential cellular metabolism, supporting cancer cell survival, growth and proliferation. Depriving glucose rapidly kills cancer cells. Most cancer cells possess a feature called Warburg effect, which refers to that cancer cells even with ample oxygen exhibit an exceptionally high glycolysis rate and convert most incoming glucose to lactate. Although it is recognized that Warburg effect confers growth advantage to cancer cells when glucose supply is sufficient, this feature could be considered as a fatal weakness of cancer cells when glucose supply is a problem. As glucose supply in many solid tumors is poor, and as most cancer cells have exceptionally high glycolytic capacity, maximizing cancer cell glycolysis rate would possibly exhaust intratumoral glucose, leading cancer cell to death. Lactate and proton are two common factors in solid tumors, they jointly protect cancer cells against glucose deprivation, and they are also powerful regulators dictating glucose metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells. Disrupting the joint action of lactate and proton, for example, by means of bicarbonate infusion into tumor, could maximize cancer cell glycolytic rate to rapidly use up glucose, expose their vulnerability to glucose deprivation and ultimately kill cancer cells. A pilot clinical study demonstrated that this approach achieved a remarkable improvement in local control of large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (a Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (a Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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66
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John S, Sivakumar KC, Mishra R. Extracellular Proton Concentrations Impacts LN229 Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Fate via Differential Modulation of Surface Lipids. Front Oncol 2017; 7:20. [PMID: 28299282 PMCID: PMC5331044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer with marginal survival rates. GBM extracellular acidosis can profoundly impact its cell fate heterogeneities and progression. However, the molecules and mechanisms that enable GBM tumor cells acid adaptation and consequent cell fate competencies are weakly understood. Since extracellular proton concentrations (pHe) directly intercept the tumor cell plasma membrane, surface lipids must play a crucial role in pHe-dependent tumor cell fate dynamics. Hence, a more detailed insight into the finely tuned pH-dependent modulation of surface lipids is required to generate strategies that can inhibit or surpass tumor cell acid adaptation, thereby forcing the eradication of heterogeneous oncogenic niches, without affecting the normal cells. Results By using image-based single cell analysis and physicochemical techniques, we made a small-scale survey of the effects of pH ranges (physiological: pHe 7.4, low: 6.2, and very low: 3.4) on LN229 glioblastoma cell line surface remodeling and analyzed the consequent cell fate heterogeneities with relevant molecular targets and behavioral assays. Through this basic study, we uncovered that the extracellular proton concentration (1) modulates surface cholesterol-driven cell fate dynamics and (2) induces ‘differential clustering’ of surface resident GM3 glycosphingolipid which together coordinates the proliferation, migration, survival, and death reprogramming via distinct effects on the tumor cell biomechanical homeostasis. A novel synergy of anti-GM3 antibody and cyclophilin A inhibitor was found to mimic the very low pHe-mediated GM3 supraclustered conformation that elevated the surface rigidity and mechano-remodeled the tumor cell into a differentiated phenotype which eventually succumbed to the anoikis type of cell death, thereby eradicating the tumorigenic niches. Conclusion and significance This work presents an initial insight into the physicochemical capacities of extracellular protons in the generation of glioblastoma tumor cell heterogeneities and cell death via the crucial interplay of surface lipids and their conformational changes. Hence, monitoring of proton–cholesterol–GM3 correlations in vivo through diagnostic imaging and in vitro in clinical samples may assist better tumor staging and prognosis. The emerged insights have further led to the translation of a ‘pH-dependent mechanisms of oncogenesis control’ into the surface targeted anti-GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - K C Sivakumar
- Distributed Information Sub-Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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67
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Pötzl J, Roser D, Bankel L, Hömberg N, Geishauser A, Brenner CD, Weigand M, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Reversal of tumor acidosis by systemic buffering reactivates NK cells to express IFN-γ and induces NK cell-dependent lymphoma control without other immunotherapies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2125-2133. [PMID: 28195314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells show impaired effector functions in the microenvironment of tumors, but little is known on the underlying mechanisms. Since lactate acidosis, a hallmark of malignant tissue, was shown to contribute to suppression of effective antitumor immune responses, we investigated the impact of tissue pH and lactate concentration on NK-cell functions in an aggressive model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma. The progressive loss of IFN-γ production by NK cells observed during development of this disease could be ascribed to decreased pH values and lactate accumulation in the microenvironment of growing tumors. Interestingly, IFN-γ expression by lymphoma-derived NK cells could be restored by transfer of these cells into a normal micromilieu. Likewise, systemic alkalization by oral delivery of bicarbonate to lymphoma-developing mice was capable of enhancing IFN-γ expression in NK cells and increasing the NK-cell numbers in the lymphoid organs where tumors were growing. By contrast, NK-cell cytotoxicity was dampened in vivo by tumor-dependent mechanisms that seemed to be different from lactate acidosis and could not be restored in a normal milieu. Most importantly, alkalization and the concomitant IFN-γ upregulation in NK cells were sufficient to significantly delay tumor growth without any other immunotherapy. This effect was strictly dependent on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Pötzl
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - David Roser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bankel
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Albert Geishauser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | | | - Michael Weigand
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
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68
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Noguchi F, Inui S, Fedele C, Shackleton M, Itami S. Calcium-Dependent Enhancement by Extracellular Acidity of the Cytotoxicity of Mitochondrial Inhibitors against Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:936-947. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Kolosenko I, Avnet S, Baldini N, Viklund J, De Milito A. Therapeutic implications of tumor interstitial acidification. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:119-133. [PMID: 28188829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial acidification is a hallmark of solid tumor tissues resulting from the combination of different factors, including cellular buffering systems, defective tissue perfusion and high rates of cellular metabolism. Besides contributing to tumor pathogenesis and promoting tumor progression, tumor acidosis constitutes an important intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism modulating therapy sensitivity and drug resistance. In fact, pharmacological properties of anticancer drugs can be affected not only by tissue structure and organization but also by the distribution of the interstitial tumor pH. The acidic tumor environment is believed to create a chemical barrier that limits the effects and activity of many anticancer drugs. In this review article we will discuss the general protumorigenic effects of acidosis, the role of tumor acidosis in the modulation of therapeutic efficacy and potential strategies to overcome pH-dependent therapy-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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70
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Targeting pH regulating proteins for cancer therapy-Progress and limitations. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:66-73. [PMID: 28137473 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumour acidity induced by metabolic alterations and incomplete vascularisation sets cancer cells apart from normal cellular physiology. This distinguishing tumour characteristic has been an area of intense study, as cellular pH (pHi) disturbances disrupt protein function and therefore multiple cellular processes. Tumour cells effectively utilise pHi regulating machinery present in normal cells with enhancements provided by additional oncogenic or hypoxia induced protein modifications. This overall improvement of pH regulation enables maintenance of an alkaline pHi in the continued presence of external acidification (pHe). Considerable experimentation has revealed targets that successfully disrupt tumour pHi regulation in efforts to develop novel means to weaken or kill tumour cells. However, redundancy in these pH-regulating proteins, which include Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs), Na+/HCO3- co-transporters (NBCs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) has prevented effective disruption of tumour pHi when individual protein targeting is performed. Here we synthesise recent advances in understanding both normoxic and hypoxic pH regulating mechanisms in tumour cells with an ultimate focus on the disruption of tumour growth, survival and metastasis. Interactions between tumour acidity and other cell types are also proving to be important in understanding therapeutic applications such as immune therapy. Promising therapeutic developments regarding pH manipulation along with current limitations are highlighted to provide a framework for future research directives.
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71
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Koltai T. Triple-edged therapy targeting intracellular alkalosis and extracellular acidosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:139-146. [PMID: 28122261 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular acidity and intracellular alkalinity are two of the characteristics hallmarks of malignant cells and their environment. This involves an inversion of the extracellular/intracellular pH gradient when compared with normal cells and it gives malignant cells proliferative and invasive advantages. Thus, the reversal of the pH gradient is a legitimate objective in the treatment of cancer and may be accomplished with drugs already used for other purposes and/or with specific new drugs that are currently being studied. The aim of this review is to describe a triple approach for reversing this gradient inversion using the concerted utilization of proton extrusion inhibitors, mitochondrial poisons and lysosomal poisons that should act synergistically through different mechanisms. The scheme presented here is compatible with almost all the chemotherapeutic protocols currently being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Obra Social del Personal de la Industria de la Alimentación, Departamento de Oncología Estados Unidos 1532, Buenos Aires, C1101ABF, Argentina.
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72
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Stock C, Pedersen SF. Roles of pH and the Na +/H + exchanger NHE1 in cancer: From cell biology and animal models to an emerging translational perspective? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 43:5-16. [PMID: 28007556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidosis is characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells, because they are highly proliferative and anabolic, have greatly elevated metabolic acid production. To sustain a normal cytosolic pH homeostasis they therefore need to either extrude excess protons or to neutralize them by importing HCO3-, in both cases causing extracellular acidification in the poorly perfused tissue microenvironment. The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a ubiquitously expressed acid-extruding membrane transport protein, and upregulation of its expression and/or activity is commonly correlated with tumor malignancy. The present review discusses current evidence on how altered pH homeostasis, and in particular NHE1, contributes to tumor cell motility, invasion, proliferation, and growth and facilitates evasion of chemotherapeutic cell death. We summarize data from in vitro studies, 2D-, 3D- and organotypic cell culture, animal models and human tissue, which collectively point to pH-regulation in general, and NHE1 in particular, as potential targets in combination chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the possible pitfalls, side effects and cellular escape mechanisms that need to be considered in the process of translating the plethora of basic research data into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Faes S, Duval AP, Planche A, Uldry E, Santoro T, Pythoud C, Stehle JC, Horlbeck J, Letovanec I, Riggi N, Demartines N, Dormond O. Acidic tumor microenvironment abrogates the efficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:78. [PMID: 27919264 PMCID: PMC5139076 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blocking the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) with chemical inhibitors such as rapamycin has shown limited clinical efficacy in cancer. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by an acidic pH which interferes with cancer therapies. The consequences of acidity on the anti-cancer efficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors have not been characterized and are thus the focus of our study. Methods Cancer cell lines were treated with rapamycin in acidic or physiological conditions and cell proliferation was investigated. The effect of acidity on mTORC1 activity was determined by Western blot. The anticancer efficacy of rapamycin in combination with sodium bicarbonate to increase the intratumoral pH was tested in two different mouse models and compared to rapamycin treatment alone. Histological analysis was performed on tumor samples to evaluate proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis. Results Exposing cancer cells to acidic pH in vitro significantly reduced the anti-proliferative effect of rapamycin. At the molecular level, acidity significantly decreased mTORC1 activity, suggesting that cancer cell proliferation is independent of mTORC1 in acidic conditions. In contrast, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or AKT were not affected by acidity, and blocking MAPK or AKT with a chemical inhibitor maintained an anti-proliferative effect at low pH. In tumor mouse models, the use of sodium bicarbonate increased mTORC1 activity in cancer cells and potentiated the anti-cancer efficacy of rapamycin. Combining sodium bicarbonate with rapamycin resulted in increased tumor necrosis, increased cancer cell apoptosis and decreased cancer cell proliferation as compared to single treatment. Conclusions Taken together, these results emphasize the inefficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors in acidic conditions. They further highlight the potential of combining sodium bicarbonate with mTORC1 inhibitors to improve their anti-tumoral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Faes
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian P Duval
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Current Address: Swiss Institute of Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Swiss Federal Institute of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Planche
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Uldry
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Santoro
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Pythoud
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Stehle
- Mouse Pathology Facility, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Horlbeck
- Mouse Pathology Facility, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 4, Av. de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Deshmukh A, Deshpande K, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Cancer stem cell metabolism: a potential target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27825361 PMCID: PMC5101698 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem cells (CSCs) are a unipotent cell population present within the tumour cell mass. CSCs are known to be highly chemo-resistant, and in recent years, they have gained intense interest as key tumour initiating cells that may also play an integral role in tumour recurrence following chemotherapy. Cancer cells have the ability to alter their metabolism in order to fulfil bio-energetic and biosynthetic requirements. They are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis for their energy production and also are associated with increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine utilisation. Emerging evidence has shown that therapeutic resistance to cancer treatment may arise due to dysregulation in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. To propagate their lethal effects and maintain survival, tumour cells alter their metabolic requirements to ensure optimal nutrient use for their survival, evasion from host immune attack, and proliferation. It is now evident that cancer cells metabolise glutamine to grow rapidly because it provides the metabolic stimulus for required energy and precursors for synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It can also regulate the activities of some of the signalling pathways that control the proliferation of cancer cells. This review describes the key metabolic pathways required by CSCs to maintain a survival advantage and highlights how a combined approach of targeting cellular metabolism in conjunction with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs may provide a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance and therefore aid in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kedar Deshpande
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Aspirin, lysine, mifepristone and doxycycline combined can effectively and safely prevent and treat cancer metastasis: prevent seeds from gemmating on soil. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35157-72. [PMID: 26459390 PMCID: PMC4742096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific advances have increased our understanding of the cancer metastatic complexities and provided further impetus for new combination therapies to prevent cancer metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that a combination (HAMPT) of aspirin, lysine, mifepristone and doxycycline can effectively and safely prevent cancer metastasis. The pharmaceutically-formulated HAMPT inhibited adhesion of cancer cells to either endothelial cells or extracellular matrix via down-regulating cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and α4-integrin. HAMPT inhibited the cloak effect by activated platelets on cancer cells, thereby interfering adhesion and invasion of cancer cells to the underlying stroma. At the effective concentration, HAMPT induced cancer cells into dormancy with minor inhibition on cell viability. Four-day pretreatment followed by 30-day oral administration of HAMPT (33.5-134 mg/kg) to the mice inoculated with cancer cells produced significant inhibition on cancer metastasis dose-dependently without marked side effects. Fifty-day rat toxicity study with HAMPT at doses (335-1340 mg/kg) 20-fold higher than its therapeutic dose produced no significant toxicity. Interestingly, the acute toxic death could not be reached at the maximum administrable dose (5 g/kg). This proof-of-concept study provides the first conceptual evidence that cancer metastasis can be controlled by using affordable old drugs to restrain circulating tumor cells from gemmating on the metastatic soil without the need for cytotoxicity.
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Huang Y, Coman D, Herman P, Rao JU, Maritim S, Hyder F. Towards longitudinal mapping of extracellular pH in gliomas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1364-1372. [PMID: 27472471 PMCID: PMC5035200 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS), an ultrafast chemical shift imaging technique, requires infusion of paramagnetic probes such as 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis methylene phosphonate (DOTP(8-) ) complexed with thulium (Tm(3+) ) ion (i.e. TmDOTP(5-) ), where the pH-sensitive resonances of hyperfine-shifted non-exchangeable protons contained within the paramagnetic probe are detected. While imaging extracellular pH (pHe ) with BIRDS meets an important cancer research need by mapping the intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient, the surgical intervention used to raise the probe's plasma concentration limits longitudinal scans on the same subject. Here we describe using probenecid (i.e. an organic anion transporter inhibitor) to temporarily restrict renal clearance of TmDOTP(5-) , thereby facilitating molecular imaging by BIRDS without surgical intervention. Co-infusion of probenecid with TmDOTP(5-) increased the probe's distribution into various organs, including the brain, compared with infusing TmDOTP(5-) alone. In vivo BIRDS data using the probenecid-TmDOTP(5-) co-infusion method in rats bearing RG2, 9 L, and U87 brain tumors showed intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradients that were unaffected by the probe dose. This co-infusion method can be used for pHe mapping with BIRDS in preclinical models for tumor characterization and therapeutic monitoring, given the possibility of repeated scans with BIRDS (e.g. over days and even weeks) in the same subject. The longitudinal pHe readout by the probenecid-TmDOTP(5-) co-infusion method for BIRDS adds translational value in tumor assessment and treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuegao Huang
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniel Coman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jyotsna U Rao
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel Maritim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Yuan YH, Zhou CF, Yuan J, Liu L, Guo XR, Wang XL, Ding Y, Wang XN, Li DS, Tu HJ. NaHCO 3 enhances the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3167-3174. [PMID: 27899977 PMCID: PMC5103916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pH is lower inside solid tumors than in normal tissue. The acidic environment inhibits the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in vitro and promotes tumor cell invasion. In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate how NaHCO3 would affect the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. For the in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were cultured at pH 6.5 and 7.4 in the presence of CIK cells or CIK cell-conditioned medium (CMCIK). For the in vivo experiments, nude mice were xenografted with HepG2-luc cells and divided into four groups: i) CIK cells injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; ii) CIK cells injection plus drinking water feeding; iii) normal saline injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; and iv) normal saline injection plus drinking water feeding. The results indicated that the viability and growth rate of HepG2 cells were remarkably suppressed when co-cultured with CIK cells or CMCIK at pH 7.4 compared with those of HepG2 cells cultured under the same conditions but at pH 6.5. In the xenograft study, a marked synergistic antitumor effect of the combined therapy was observed. NaHCO3 feeding augmented the infiltration of cluster of differentiation 3-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor mass. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the antitumor activities of CIK cells against HepG2 cells were negatively affected by the acidic environment inside the tumors, and neutralizing the pH (for example, via NaHCO3 administration), could therefore reduce or eliminate this influence. In addition, it should be recommended that oncologists routinely prescribe soda water to their patients, particularly during CIK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Nan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Han Jun Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Chao M, Wu H, Jin K, Li B, Wu J, Zhang G, Yang G, Hu X. A nonrandomized cohort and a randomized study of local control of large hepatocarcinoma by targeting intratumoral lactic acidosis. eLife 2016; 5:15691. [PMID: 27481188 PMCID: PMC4970867 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous works suggested that neutralizing intratumoral lactic acidosis combined with glucose deprivation may deliver an effective approach to control tumor. We did a pilot clinical investigation, including a nonrandomized (57 patients with large HCC) and a randomized controlled (20 patients with large HCC) study. Methods: The patients were treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with or without bicarbonate local infusion into tumor. Results: In the nonrandomized controlled study, geometric mean of viable tumor residues (VTR) in TACE with bicarbonate was 6.4-fold lower than that in TACE without bicarbonate (7.1% [95% CI: 4.6%–10.9%] vs 45.6% [28.9%–72.0%]; p<0.0001). This difference was recapitulated by a subsequent randomized controlled study. TACE combined with bicarbonate yielded a 100% objective response rate (ORR), whereas the ORR treated with TACE alone was 44.4% (nonrandomized) and 63.6% (randomized). The survival data suggested that bicarbonate may bring survival benefit. Conclusions: Bicarbonate markedly enhances the anticancer activity of TACE. Funding: Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Clinical trial number: ChiCTR-IOR-14005319. Surgery is the main treatment for liver cancer, but the most common liver cancer – called hepatocellular carcinoma – can sometimes become too large to remove safely. An alternative option to kill the tumor is to block its blood supply via a process called embolization. This procedure deprives the tumor cells of oxygen and nutrients such as glucose. However, embolization also prevents a chemical called lactic acid – which is commonly found around tumors – from being removed. Lactic acid actually helps to protect cancer cells and also aids the growth of new blood vessels, and so the “trapped” lactic acid may reduce the anticancer activity of embolization. Previous works suggested that neutralizing the acidic environment in a tumor while depriving it of glucose via embolization could become a new treatment option for cancer patients. Chao et al. now report a small clinical trial that tested this idea and involved patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas. First, a group of thirty patients received the embolization treatment together with an injection of bicarbonate – a basic compound used to neutralize the lactic acid – that was delivered directly to the tumor. The neutralization killed these large tumors more effectively than what is typically seen in patients who just undergo embolization Chao et al. then recruited another twenty patients and randomly assigned them to receive either just the embolization or the embolization with bicarbonate treatment. This randomized trial showed that the tumors died more and patients survived for longer if they received the bicarbonate together with the embolization treatment compared to those patients that were only embolized. In fact, four patients initially assigned to, and treated in, the embolization-only group subsequently asked to cross over to, and indeed received, the bicarbonate treatment as well. These data indicate that this bicarbonate therapy may indeed be effective for patients with large tumors that are not amenable to surgery. In future, larger clinical trials will need to be carried out to verify these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sanhueza C, Araos J, Naranjo L, Barros E, Subiabre M, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Chiarello DI, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Nitric oxide and pH modulation in gynaecological cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2223-2230. [PMID: 27469435 PMCID: PMC5134382 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays several roles in cellular physiology, including control of the vascular tone and defence against pathogen infection. Neuronal, inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms synthesize nitric oxide. Cells generate acid and base equivalents, whose physiological intracellular concentrations are kept due to membrane transport systems, including Na+/H+ exchangers and Na+/HCO3− transporters, thus maintaining a physiological pH at the intracellular (~7.0) and extracellular (~7.4) medium. In several pathologies, including cancer, cells are exposed to an extracellular acidic microenvironment, and the role for these membrane transport mechanisms in this phenomenon is likely. As altered NOS expression and activity is seen in cancer cells and because this gas promotes a glycolytic phenotype leading to extracellular acidosis in gynaecological cancer cells, a pro‐inflammatory microenvironment increasing inducible NOS expression in this cell type is feasible. However, whether abnormal control of intracellular and extracellular pH by cancer cells regards with their ability to synthesize or respond to nitric oxide is unknown. We, here, discuss a potential link between pH alterations, pH controlling membrane transport systems and NOS function. We propose a potential association between inducible NOS induction and Na+/H+ exchanger expression and activity in human ovary cancer. A potentiation between nitric oxide generation and the maintenance of a low extracellular pH (i.e. acidic) is proposed to establish a sequence of events in ovarian cancer cells, thus preserving a pro‐proliferative acidic tumour extracellular microenvironment. We suggest that pharmacological therapeutic targeting of Na+/H+ exchangers and inducible NOS may have benefits in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luciano Naranjo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barros
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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80
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Bohloli M, Atashi A, Soleimani M, Kaviani S, Anbarlou A. Investigating Effects of Acidic pH on Proliferation, Invasion and Drug-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2016; 9:119-126. [PMID: 27457339 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-016-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that extracellular pH in tumors, which results in tumor progression, is less than that in normal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracellular acidic pH on proliferation, invasion, and drug-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in different pH (pH 6.6 and pH 7.4) for 12 days. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and cell invasion was assayed by invasion assay and gene expression analysis of MMP-9. Drug-induced apoptosis was evaluated after exposure to doxorubicin for 24 hours by annexin V/PI staining and gene expression analysis of BAX pro-apoptotic protein. The results indicated the enhanced growth and invasion of leukemic cells at pH 6.6 (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the cells at pH 6.6 were resistant to apoptosis by doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that acidic pH increases the proliferation, invasion and reduces the drug-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Extracellular acidity can influence the behavior of leukemic cells and therefore, the manipulation of extracellular liquid can be selected as a therapeutic strategy for leukemia, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Bohloli
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Anbarlou
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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81
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Azzarito T, Lugini L, Spugnini EP, Canese R, Gugliotta A, Fidanza S, Fais S. Effect of Modified Alkaline Supplementation on Syngenic Melanoma Growth in CB57/BL Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159763. [PMID: 27447181 PMCID: PMC4957829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor extracellular acidity is a hallmark of malignant cancers. Thus, in this study we evaluated the effects of the oral administration of a commercially available water alkalizer (Basenpulver®) (BP) on tumor growth in a syngenic melanoma mouse model. The alkalizer was administered daily by oral gavage starting one week after tumor implantation in CB57/BL mice. Tumors were calipered and their acidity measured by in vivo MRI guided 31P MRS. Furthermore, urine pH was monitored for potential metabolic alkalosis. BP administration significantly reduced melanoma growth in mice; the optimal dose in terms of tolerability and efficacy was 8 g/l (p< 0.05). The in vivo results were supported by in vitro experiments, wherein BP-treated human and murine melanoma cell cultures exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth. This investigation provides the first proof of concept that systemic buffering can improve tumor control by itself and that this approach may represent a new strategy in prevention and/or treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Azzarito
- Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lugini
- Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Gugliotta
- Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fidanza
- Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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82
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Nath K, Nelson DS, Putt ME, Leeper DB, Garman B, Nathanson KL, Glickson JD. Comparison of the Lonidamine Potentiated Effect of Nitrogen Mustard Alkylating Agents on the Systemic Treatment of DB-1 Human Melanoma Xenografts in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157125. [PMID: 27285585 PMCID: PMC4902256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous NMR studies demonstrated that lonidamine (LND) selectively diminishes the intracellular pH (pHi) of DB-1 melanoma and mouse xenografts of a variety of other prevalent human cancers while decreasing their bioenergetic status (tumor βNTP/Pi ratio) and enhancing the activities of melphalan and doxorubicin in these cancer models. Since melphalan and doxorubicin are highly toxic agents, we have examined three other nitrogen (N)-mustards, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and bendamustine, to determine if they exhibit similar potentiation by LND. As single agents LND, melphalan and these N-mustards exhibited the following activities in DB-1 melanoma xenografts; LND: 100% tumor surviving fraction (SF); chlorambucil: 100% SF; cyclophosphamide: 100% SF; bendamustine: 79% SF; melphalan: 41% SF. When combined with LND administered 40 min prior to administration of the N-mustard (to maximize intracellular acidification) the following responses were obtained; chlorambucil: 62% SF; cyclophosphamide: 42% SF; bendamustine: 36% SF; melphalan: 10% SF. The effect of LND on the activities of these N-mustards is generally attributed to acid stabilization of the aziridinium active intermediate, acid inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase, which acts as a scavenger of aziridinium, and acid inhibition of DNA repair by O6-alkyltransferase. Depletion of ATP by LND may also decrease multidrug resistance and increase tumor response. At similar maximum tolerated doses, our data indicate that melphalan is the most effective N-mustard in combination with LND when treating DB-1 melanoma in mice, but the choice of N-mustard for coadministration with LND will also depend on the relative toxicities of these agents, and remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David S. Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dennis B. Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bradley Garman
- Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jerry D. Glickson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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83
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Baek S, Singh RK, Kim TH, Seo JW, Shin US, Chrzanowski W, Kim HW. Triple Hit with Drug Carriers: pH- and Temperature-Responsive Theranostics for Multimodal Chemo- and Photothermal Therapy and Diagnostic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8967-79. [PMID: 26926826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is a strong need for new drug delivery systems, which enable targeted and controlled function in delivering drugs while satisfying highly sensitive imaging modality for early detection of the disease symptoms and damaged sites. To meet these criteria we develop a system that integrates therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities (theranostics). Importantly, therapeutic efficacy of the system is enhanced by exploiting synergies between nanoparticles, drug, and hyperthermia. At the core of our innovation is near-infrared (NIR) responsive gold nanorods (Au) coated with drug reservoirs--mesoporous silica shell (mSi)--that is capped with thermoresponsive polymer. Such design of theranostics allows the detection of the system using computed tomography (CT), while finely controlled release of the drug is achieved by external trigger, NIR light irradiation--ON/OFF switch. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into mSi formed on the gold core (Au@mSi-DOX). Pores were then capped with the temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based N-butyl imidazolium copolymer (poly(NIPAAm-co-BVIm)) resulting in a hybrid system-Au@mSi-DOX@P. A 5 min exposure to NIR induces polymer transition, which triggers the drug release (pores opening), increases local temperature above 43 °C (hyperthermia), and upregulates particle uptake (polymer becomes hydrophilic). The DOX release is also triggered by drop in pH enabling localized drug release when particles are taken up by cancer cells. Importantly, the synergies between chemo- and photothermal therapy for DOX-loaded theranostics were confirmed. Furthermore, higher X-ray attenuation value of the theranostics was confirmed via X-ray CT test indicating that the nanoparticles act as contrast agent and can be detected by CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmi Baek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-won Seo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, The University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
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84
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Coman D, Huang Y, Rao JU, De Feyter HM, Rothman DL, Juchem C, Hyder F. Imaging the intratumoral-peritumoral extracellular pH gradient of gliomas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:309-19. [PMID: 26752688 PMCID: PMC4769673 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors have an acidic extracellular pH (pHe ) but near neutral intracellular pH (pHi ). Because acidic pHe milieu is conducive to tumor growth and builds resistance to therapy, simultaneous mapping of pHe inside and outside the tumor (i.e., intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient) fulfills an important need in cancer imaging. We used Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS), which utilizes shifts of non-exchangeable protons from macrocyclic chelates (e.g., 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) or DOTP(8-) ) complexed with paramagnetic thulium (Tm(3) (+) ) ion, to generate in vivo pHe maps in rat brains bearing 9L and RG2 tumors. Upon TmDOTP(5-) infusion, MRI identified the tumor boundary by enhanced water transverse relaxation and BIRDS allowed imaging of intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradients. The pHe measured by BIRDS was compared with pHi measured with (31) P-MRS. In normal tissue, pHe was similar to pHi , but inside the tumor pHe was lower than pHi . While the intratumoral pHe was acidic for both tumor types, peritumoral pHe varied with tumor type. The intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient was much larger for 9L than RG2 tumors because in RG2 tumors acidic pHe was found in distal peritumoral regions. The increased presence of Ki-67 positive cells beyond the RG2 tumor border suggested that RG2 was more invasive than the 9L tumor. These results indicate that extensive acidic pHe beyond the tumor boundary correlates with tumor cell invasion. In summary, BIRDS has sensitivity to map the in vivo intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient, thereby creating preclinical applications in monitoring cancer therapeutic responses (e.g., with pHe -altering drugs). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuegao Huang
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jyotsna U. Rao
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henk M. De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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85
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Alfarouk KO. Tumor metabolism, cancer cell transporters, and microenvironmental resistance. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:859-66. [PMID: 26864256 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1140753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic machineries to enter into permanent glycolytic pathways. The full reason for such reprogramming takes place is unclear. However, this metabolic switch is not made in vain for the lactate that is generated and exported outside cells is reused by other cells. This results in the generation of a pH gradient between the low extracellular pH that is acidic (pHe) and the higher cytosolic alkaline or near neutral pH (pHi) environments that are tightly regulated by the overexpression of several pumps and ion channels (e.g. NHE-1, MCT-1, V-ATPase, CA9, and CA12). The generation of this unique pH gradient serves as a determining factor in defining "tumor fitness". Tumor fitness is the capacity of the tumor to invade and metastasize due to its ability to reduce the efficiency of the immune system and confer resistance to chemotherapy. In this article, we highlight the importance of tumor microenvironment in mediating the failure of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Alfarouk
- a Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Neelain University , Khartoum , Sudan
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86
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Hypoxia optimises tumour growth by controlling nutrient import and acidic metabolite export. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 47-48:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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87
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Swenson ER. Hypoxia and Its Acid-Base Consequences: From Mountains to Malignancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 903:301-23. [PMID: 27343105 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, depending upon its magnitude and circumstances, evokes a spectrum of mild to severe acid-base changes ranging from alkalosis to acidosis, which can alter many responses to hypoxia at both non-genomic and genomic levels, in part via altered hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) metabolism. Healthy people at high altitude and persons hyperventilating to non-hypoxic stimuli can become alkalotic and alkalemic with arterial pH acutely rising as high as 7.7. Hypoxia-mediated respiratory alkalosis reduces sympathetic tone, blunts hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxic cerebral vasodilation, and increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity. These effects and others can be salutary or counterproductive to tissue oxygen delivery and utilization, based upon magnitude of each effect and summation. With severe hypoxia either in the setting of profound arterial hemoglobin desaturation and reduced O2 content or poor perfusion (ischemia) at the global or local level, metabolic and hypercapnic acidosis develop along with considerable lactate formation and pH falling to below 6.8. Although conventionally considered to be injurious and deleterious to cell function and survival, both acidoses may be cytoprotective by various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms which limit total hypoxic or ischemic-reperfusion injury. Attempts to correct acidosis by giving bicarbonate or other alkaline agents under these circumstances ahead of or concurrent with reoxygenation efforts may be ill advised. Better understanding of this so-called "pH paradox" or permissive acidosis may offer therapeutic possibilities. Rapidly growing cancers often outstrip their vascular supply compromising both oxygen and nutrient delivery and metabolic waste disposal, thus limiting their growth and metastatic potential. However, their excessive glycolysis and lactate formation may not necessarily represent oxygen insufficiency, but rather the Warburg effect-an attempt to provide a large amount of small carbon intermediates to supply the many synthetic pathways of proliferative cell growth. In either case, there is expression and upregulation of many genes involved in acid-base homeostasis, in part by HIF-1 signaling. These include a unique isoform of carbonic anhydrase (CA-IX) and numerous membrane acid-base transporters engaged to maintain an optimal intracellular and extracellular pH for maximal growth. Inhibition of these proteins or gene suppression may have important therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Swenson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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88
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Pilon-Thomas S, Kodumudi KN, El-Kenawi AE, Russell S, Weber AM, Luddy K, Damaghi M, Wojtkowiak JW, Mulé JJ, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Gillies RJ. Neutralization of Tumor Acidity Improves Antitumor Responses to Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2015; 76:1381-90. [PMID: 26719539 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T-cell transfer, can lead to durable responses in the clinic, but response rates remain low due to undefined suppression mechanisms. Solid tumors are characterized by a highly acidic microenvironment that might blunt the effectiveness of antitumor immunity. In this study, we directly investigated the effects of tumor acidity on the efficacy of immunotherapy. An acidic pH environment blocked T-cell activation and limited glycolysis in vitro. IFNγ release blocked by acidic pH did not occur at the level of steady-state mRNA, implying that the effect of acidity was posttranslational. Acidification did not affect cytoplasmic pH, suggesting that signals transduced by external acidity were likely mediated by specific acid-sensing receptors, four of which are expressed by T cells. Notably, neutralizing tumor acidity with bicarbonate monotherapy impaired the growth of some cancer types in mice where it was associated with increased T-cell infiltration. Furthermore, combining bicarbonate therapy with anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, or adoptive T-cell transfer improved antitumor responses in multiple models, including cures in some subjects. Overall, our findings show how raising intratumoral pH through oral buffers therapy can improve responses to immunotherapy, with the potential for immediate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Krithika N Kodumudi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Asmaa E El-Kenawi
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shonagh Russell
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amy M Weber
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kimberly Luddy
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - James J Mulé
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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89
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Flavell RR, Truillet C, Regan MK, Ganguly T, Blecha JE, Kurhanewicz J, VanBrocklin HF, Keshari KR, Chang CJ, Evans MJ, Wilson DM. Caged [(18)F]FDG Glycosylamines for Imaging Acidic Tumor Microenvironments Using Positron Emission Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:170-8. [PMID: 26649808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are hypoxic with altered metabolism, resulting in secretion of acids into the extracellular matrix and lower relative pH, a feature associated with local invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic and diagnostic agents responsive to this microenvironment may improve tumor-specific delivery. Therefore, we pursued a general strategy whereby caged small-molecule drugs or imaging agents liberate their parent compounds in regions of low interstitial pH. In this manuscript, we present a new acid-labile prodrug method based on the glycosylamine linkage, and its application to a class of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracers, termed [(18)F]FDG amines. [(18)F]FDG amines operate via a proposed two-step mechanism, in which an acid-labile precursor decomposes to form the common radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose, which is subsequently accumulated by glucose avid cells. The rate of decomposition of [(18)F]FDG amines is tunable in a systematic fashion, tracking the pKa of the parent amine. In vivo, a 4-phenylbenzylamine [(18)F]FDG amine congener showed greater relative accumulation in tumors over benign tissue, which could be attenuated upon tumor alkalinization using previously validated models, including sodium bicarbonate treatment, or overexpression of carbonic anhydrase. This new class of PET tracer represents a viable approach for imaging acidic interstitial pH with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Melanie K Regan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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90
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Xie WY, Zhou XD, Li Q, Chen LX, Ran DH. Acid-induced autophagy protects human lung cancer cells from apoptosis by activating ER stress. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:270-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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91
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Abstract
Increased metabolism and insufficient blood supply cause acidic waste product accumulation in solid cancers. During carcinogenesis, cellular acid extrusion is upregulated but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their consequences for cancer growth and progression have not been established. Genome-wide association studies have indicated a possible link between the Na⁺, HCO₃⁻-cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7) and breast cancer. We tested the functional consequences of NBCn1 knockout (KO) for breast cancer development. NBCn1 protein expression increased 2.5-fold during breast carcinogenesis and was responsible for the increased net acid extrusion and alkaline intracellular pH of breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue. Genetic disruption of NBCn1 delayed breast cancer development: tumor latency was ~50% increased while tumor growth rate was ~65% reduced in NBCn1 KO compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Breast cancer histopathology in NBCn1 KO mice differed from that in WT mice and included less aggressive tumor types. The extracellular tumor microenvironment in NBCn1 KO mice contained higher concentrations of glucose and lower concentrations of lactate than that in WT mice. Independently of NBCn1 genotype, the cleaved fraction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and expression of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 increased while phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1 decreased as functions of tumor volume. Cell proliferation, evaluated from Ki-67 and phospho-histone H₃staining, was ~60% lower in breast cancer of NBCn1 KO than that of WT mice when corrected for variations in tumor size. We conclude that NBCn1 facilitates acid extrusion from breast cancer tissue, maintains the alkaline intracellular environment and promotes aggressive cancer development and growth.
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92
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Parks SK, Pouyssegur J. The Na(+)/HCO3(-) Co-Transporter SLC4A4 Plays a Role in Growth and Migration of Colon and Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1954-63. [PMID: 25612232 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic and acidic tumor environment necessitates intracellular pH (pHi) regulation for tumor progression. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX; hypoxia-induced) is known to facilitate CO2 export and generate HCO3(-) in the extracellular tumor space. It has been proposed that HCO3(-) is re-captured by the cell to maintain an alkaline pHi . A diverse range of HCO3(-) transporters, coupled with a lack of a clear over-expression in cancers have limited molecular identification of this cellular process. Here, we report that hypoxia induces the Na(+)/HCO3(-) co-transporter (NBCe1) SLC4A4 mRNA expression exclusively in the LS174 colon adenocarcinoma cell line in a HIF1α dependent manner. HCO3(-) dependent pHi recovery observations revealed the predominant use of an NBC mechanism suggesting that reversal of a Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger is not utilized for tumor cell pHi regulation. Knockdown of SLC4A4 via shRNA reduced cell proliferation and increased mortality during external acidosis and spheroid growth. pHi recovery from acidosis was partially reduced with knockdown of SLC4A4. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing high levels of SLC4A4 compared to LS174 cells, SLC4A4 knockdown had a strong impact on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. SLC4A4 knockdown also altered expression of other proteins including CA IX. Furthermore the Na(+)/HCO3(-) dependent pHi recovery from acidosis was reduced with SLC4A4 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Combined our results indicate that SLC4A4 contributes to the HCO3(-) transport and tumor cell phenotype. This study complements the on-going molecular characterization of the HCO3(-) re-uptake mechanism in other tumor cells for future strategies targeting these potentially important drug targets.
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93
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Evaluating pH in the Extracellular Tumor Microenvironment Using CEST MRI and Other Imaging Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2015. [PMID: 27761517 DOI: 10.1155/2015/206405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor acidosis is a consequence of altered metabolism, which can lead to chemoresistance and can be a target of alkalinizing therapies. Noninvasive measurements of the extracellular pH (pHe) of the tumor microenvironment can improve diagnoses and treatment decisions. A variety of noninvasive imaging methods have been developed for measuring tumor pHe. This review provides a detailed description of the advantages and limitations of each method, providing many examples from previous research reports. A substantial emphasis is placed on methods that use MR spectroscopy and MR imaging, including recently developed methods that use chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI that combines some advantages of MR spectroscopy and imaging. Together, this review provides a comprehensive overview of methods for measuring tumor pHe, which may facilitate additional creative approaches in this research field.
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94
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Kannen V, Garcia SB, Silva WA, Gasser M, Mönch R, Alho EJL, Heinsen H, Scholz CJ, Friedrich M, Heinze KG, Waaga-Gasser AM, Stopper H. Oncostatic effects of fluoxetine in experimental colon cancer models. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1781-8. [PMID: 26004136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. Recent studies have shown a reduced risk for colon cancer in patients given the antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX). The exact mechanism by which FLX might protect from colon cancer remains however controversial. Here, FLX reduced the development of different colon tumor xenografts, as well as proliferation in hypoxic tumor areas within them. FLX treatment also decreased microvessel numbers in tumors. Although FLX did not increase serum and tumor glucose levels as much as the colon chemotherapy gold standard Fluorouracil did, lactate levels were significantly augmented within tumors by FLX treatment. The gene expression of the MCT4 lactate transporter was significantly downregulated. Total protein amounts from the third and fifth mitochondrial complexes were significantly decreased by FLX in tumors. Cell culture experiments revealed that FLX reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential significantly and disabled the reactive oxygen species production of the third mitochondrial complex. Furthermore, FLX arrested hypoxic colon tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell-cycle. The expression of key cell-cycle-related checkpoint proteins was enhanced in cell culture and in vivo experiments. Therefore, we suggest FLX impairs energy generation, cell cycle progression and proliferation in tumor cells, especially under condition of hypoxia. This then leads to reduced microvessel formation and tumor shrinkage in xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Britto Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Romana Mönch
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Heinsen
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Laboratory for Microarray Applications, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Gertrud Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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95
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Opinion: Control vs. eradication: applying infectious disease treatment strategies to cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:937-8. [PMID: 25628412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420297111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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96
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Dhar G, Sen S, Chaudhuri G. Acid gradient across plasma membrane can drive phosphate bond synthesis in cancer cells: acidic tumor milieu as a potential energy source. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124070. [PMID: 25874623 PMCID: PMC4398327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cancers exhibit an efficient conversion of high amounts of glucose to lactate accompanied by acid secretion, a phenomenon popularly known as the Warburg effect. The acidic microenvironment and the alkaline cytosol create a proton-gradient (acid gradient) across the plasma membrane that represents proton-motive energy. Increasing experimental data from physiological relevant models suggest that acid gradient stimulates tumor proliferation, and can also support its energy needs. However, direct biochemical evidence linking extracellular acid gradient to generation of intracellular ATP are missing. In this work, we demonstrate that cancer cells can synthesize significant amounts of phosphate-bonds from phosphate in response to acid gradient across plasma membrane. The noted phenomenon exists in absence of glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and is unique to cancer. Biochemical assays using viable cancer cells, and purified plasma membrane vesicles utilizing radioactive phosphate, confirmed phosphate-bond synthesis from free phosphate (Pi), and also localization of this activity to the plasma membrane. In addition to ATP, predominant formation of pyrophosphate (PPi) from Pi was also observed when plasma membrane vesicles from cancer cells were subjected to trans-membrane acid gradient. Cancer cytosols were found capable of converting PPi to ATP, and also stimulate ATP synthesis from Pi from the vesicles. Acid gradient created through glucose metabolism by cancer cells, as observed in tumors, also proved critical for phosphate-bond synthesis. In brief, these observations reveal a role of acidic tumor milieu as a potential energy source and may offer a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Dhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1740, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GD); (GC)
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1740, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gautam Chaudhuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1740, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1740, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GD); (GC)
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97
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Extracellular acidity, a "reappreciated" trait of tumor environment driving malignancy: perspectives in diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:823-32. [PMID: 24984804 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are ecosystems which develop from stem cells endowed with unlimited self-renewal capability and genetic instability, under the effects of mutagenesis and natural selection imposed by environmental changes. Abnormal vascularization, reduced lymphatic network, uncontrolled cell growth frequently associated with hypoxia, and extracellular accumulation of glucose metabolites even in the presence of an adequate oxygen level are all factors contributing to reduce pH in the extracellular space of tumors. Evidence is accumulating that acidity is associated with a poor prognosis and participates actively to tumor progression. This review addresses some of the most experimental evidences providing that acidity of tumor environment facilitates local invasiveness and metastatic dissemination, independently from hypoxia, with which acidity is often but not always associated. Clinical investigations have also shown that tumors with acidic environment are associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiation-induced apoptosis, suppression of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and natural killer cells tumoricidal activity. Therefore, new technologies for functional and molecular imaging as well as strategies directed to target low extracellular pH and low pH-adapted tumor cells might represent important issues in oncology.
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98
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Baldock AL, Yagle K, Born DE, Ahn S, Trister AD, Neal M, Johnston SK, Bridge CA, Basanta D, Scott J, Malone H, Sonabend AM, Canoll P, Mrugala MM, Rockhill JK, Rockne RC, Swanson KR. Invasion and proliferation kinetics in enhancing gliomas predict IDH1 mutation status. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:779-86. [PMID: 24832620 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas with a specific mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene have a better prognosis than gliomas with wild-type IDH1. METHODS Here we compare the IDH1 mutational status in 172 contrast-enhancing glioma patients with the invasion profile generated by a patient-specific mathematical model we developed based on MR imaging. RESULTS We show that IDH1-mutated contrast-enhancing gliomas were relatively more invasive than wild-type IDH1 for all 172 contrast-enhancing gliomas as well as the subset of 158 histologically confirmed glioblastomas. The appearance of this relatively increased, model-predicted invasive profile appears to be determined more by a lower model-predicted net proliferation rate rather than an increased model-predicted dispersal rate of the glioma cells. Receiver operator curve analysis of the model-predicted MRI-based invasion profile revealed an area under the curve of 0.91, indicative of a predictive relationship. The robustness of this relationship was tested by cross-validation analysis of the invasion profile as a predictive metric for IDH1 status. CONCLUSIONS The strong correlation between IDH1 mutation status and the MRI-based invasion profile suggests that use of our tumor growth model may lead to noninvasive clinical detection of IDH1 mutation status and thus lead to better treatment planning, particularly prior to surgical resection, for contrast-enhancing gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Baldock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Kevin Yagle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Sunyoung Ahn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Andrew D Trister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Maxwell Neal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Sandra K Johnston
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Carly A Bridge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Jacob Scott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Hani Malone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Maciej M Mrugala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Jason K Rockhill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
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Pistollato F, Giampieri F, Battino M. The use of plant-derived bioactive compounds to target cancer stem cells and modulate tumor microenvironment. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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100
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Huang SC, Wu BC, Ding SJ. Stem cell differentiation-induced calcium silicate cement with bacteriostatic activity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:570-580. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The calcium silicate cement (CSC) on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and bacteriostatic abilities was more effective than calcium phosphate cement (CPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- School of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
| | - Buor-Chang Wu
- School of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Department of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Science
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