51
|
Li Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Jin J, Liu Y, Chen C, Tang Z. Optimizing Energy Transfer in Nanostructures Enables In Vivo Cancer Lesion Tracking via Near-Infrared Excited Hypoxia Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907718. [PMID: 32091152 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore highly sensitive and low-toxicity techniques for tracking and evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most mortal tumors in the world, it is utterly imperative for doctors to select the appropriate treatment strategies. Herein, developing near-infrared (NIR) excited nanosensors, in which the donor and acceptor pairs within a biological metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) matrix are precisely controlled to rationalize upconversion Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is suggested for detecting the O2 concentration inside tumors with reduced signal disturbance and health detriment. Under NIR excitation, as-fabricated core/satellite nanosensors exhibit much improved FRET efficiency and reversible hypoxic response with high sensitivity, which are effective both in vitro and in vivo (zebrafish) for cycling normoxia-hypoxia imaging. Significantly, combined with a reliable preclinical genetically engineered murine model, such nanosensors successfully realize tracking of in vivo NSCLC lesions upon clear and gradient hypoxia signals without apparent long-term biotoxicity, illustrating their exciting potential for efficient NSCLC evaluation and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zuochao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Breuer K, Weick S, Ströhle SP, Breuer FA, Kleine P, Veldhoen S, Richter A, Lapa C, Flentje M, Polat B. Feasibility of 4D T2* quantification in the lung with oxygen gas challenge in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Phys Med 2020; 72:46-51. [PMID: 32200297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI is a non-invasive diagnostic method for assessing tissue oxygenation level, by changes in the transverse relaxation time T2*. 3D BOLD imaging of lung tumours is challenging, because respiratory motion can lead to significant image quality degradation. The purpose of this work was to explore the feasibility of a three dimensional (3D) Cartesian multi gradient echo (MGRE) sequence for T2* measurements of non-small cell lung tumours during free-breathing. A non-uniform quasi-random reordering of the pahse encoding lines that allocates more sampling points near the k-space origin resulting in efficient undersampling pattern for parallel imaging was combined with multi echo acquisition and self-gating. In a series of three patients 3D T2* maps of lung carcinomas were generated with isotropic spatial resolution and full tumour coverage at air inhalation and after hyperoxic gas challenge in arbitrary respiratory phases using the proposed self-gated MGRE acquisition. The changes in T2* on the inhalation of hyperoxic gas relative to air were quantified. Significant changes in T2* were observed following oxygen inhalation in the tumour (p < 0.02). Thus, the self-gated MGRE sequence can be used for assessment of BOLD signal with isotropic resolution and arbitrary respiratory phases in non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Weick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serge-Peer Ströhle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix A Breuer
- Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kleine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Veldhoen
- Department of Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Richter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Schurich A, Magalhaes I, Mattsson J. Metabolic regulation of CAR T cell function by the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:335-345. [PMID: 30678555 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of immunometabolism has attracted growing attention as an area at the heart of immune regulation. Upon activation, T cells undergo significant metabolic changes allowing them to mediate effector responses. The advent of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-adoptive therapy has shown some striking clinical efficacy but fails to induce sufficient antitumor response in many patients. Solid tumors put up significant opposition creating a microenvironment deficient of oxygen and glucose, depriving T cells of energy and pushing them to exhaustion. Here, we focus on immune suppressive mechanisms related to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and the resulting metabolic changes in T cells. New therapeutic approaches such as generating chimeric antigen receptor T cells able to withstand the challenging solid tumor microenvironment are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schurich
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Su T, Liu P, Ti X, Wu S, Xue X, Wang Z, Dioum E, Zhang Q. ΗΙF1α, EGR1 and SP1 co-regulate the erythropoietin receptor expression under hypoxia: an essential role in the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:152. [PMID: 31752873 PMCID: PMC6869211 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO receptor (EPO-R) is associated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Hypoxia, a potent EPO inducer, is a major stimulating factor in the growth of solid tumors. However, how EPO-R expression is regulated under hypoxia is largely unknown. METHODS The role of EPO-R in NSCLC cell proliferation was assessed by RNA interference in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to map the promoter elements involved in the EPO-R mRNA transcription. Nuclear co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to assess the interaction among transcription factors HIF1α, SP1, and EGR1 in the regulation of EPO-R under hypoxia. The expression of key EPO-R transcription factors in clinical specimens were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hypoxia induced a dosage and time dependent EPO-R mRNA expression in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of EPO-R reduced NSCLC cell growth under hypoxia (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, a SP1-EGR1 overlapped DNA binding sequence was essential to the hypoxia induced EPO-R transcription. In the early phase of hypoxia, HIF1α interacted with EGR1 that negatively regulated EPO-R. With the exit of EGR1 in late phase, HIF1α positively regulated EPO-R expression through additive interaction with SP1. In clinical NSCLC specimen, SP1 was positively while EGR1 was negatively associated with active EPO-R expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIF1α, SP1 and EGR1 mediated EPO-R expression played an essential role in hypoxia-induced NSCLC cell proliferation. Our study presents a novel mechanism of EPO-R regulation in the tumor cells, which may provide information support for NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Su
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, 2 Hoblitzelle, Suite 252, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, 2 Hoblitzelle, Suite 252, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyu Ti
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Present Address: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwestern China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zenglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Elhardji Dioum
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Present Address: Diabetes Department, Nestle Institute of Health Science, EPFL Campus, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, 2 Hoblitzelle, Suite 252, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Cheng X, Qiu J, Wang S, Yang Y, Guo M, Wang D, Luo Q, Xu L. Comprehensive circular RNA profiling identifies CircFAM120A as a new biomarker of hypoxic lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:442. [PMID: 31700878 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is crucial in the initiation and progression of tumor metastasis. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) comprise a novel group of non-coding, RNase R resistant and regulatory RNAs which are generated by 'back-splicing' processes. However, the characterization and function of circRNAs in hypoxic cancer cells remain unknown. Methods High throughput RNA-seq assay was performed in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed circRNAs was conducted and their target genes were predicted and partially confirmed. Results Hypoxia increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its downstream genes in A549 cells and enhanced cell migration ability. Comprehensive analysis of global circRNAs expression profiles of A549 identified a total of 558 circRNAs candidates, among which 65 circRNAs were differentially expressed (35 upregulated and 30 downregulated) in hypoxic cancer cells. The difference in their circRNA expressions were compared by computational analysis and circRNA-miRNA networks were constructed. We further characterized one circRNA (hsa_circ_0008193) derived from the FAM120A gene and renamed it as circFAM120A. The expression of circFAM120A, as validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, was significantly downregulated in both hypoxic A549 and lung cancer tissue from patients with lymph node metastasis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that circFAM120A may participate in lung cancer development. Conclusions CircRNAs profiles were altered in lung adenocarcinoma under hypoxia and circFAM120A may have the potential to be a new biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Cheng
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunhai Yang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Marijt KA, Sluijter M, Blijleven L, Tolmeijer SH, Scheeren FA, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Metabolic stress in cancer cells induces immune escape through a PI3K-dependent blockade of IFNγ receptor signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31196219 PMCID: PMC6567539 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell mediated immunotherapy brought clinical success for many cancer patients. Nonetheless, downregulation of MHC class I antigen presentation, frequently occurring in solid cancers, limits the efficacy of these therapies. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this type of immune escape is therefore of great importance. We here investigated the immunological effects of metabolic stress in cancer cells as a result of nutrient deprivation. METHODS TC1 and B16F10 tumor cell lines were cultured under oxygen- and glucose-deprivation conditions that mimicked the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules was measured by flow cytometry and via activation of tumor-specific CD8 T cell clones. The proficiency of the IFNy-STAT1 pathway was investigated by Western blots on phosphorylated proteins, transfection of constitutive active STAT1 constructs and qPCR of downstream targets. Kinase inhibitors for PI3K were used to examine its role in IFNy receptor signal transduction. RESULTS Combination of oxygen- and glucose-deprivation resulted in decreased presentation of MHC class I antigens on cancer cells, even in the presence of the stimulatory cytokine IFNy. This unresponsiveness to IFNy was the result of failure to phosphorylate the signal transducer STAT1. Forced expression of constitutive active STAT1 fully rescued the MHC class I presentation. Furthermore, oxygen- and glucose-deprivation increased PI3K activity in tumor cells. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway not only restored signal transduction through IFNy-STAT1 but also improved MHC class I presentation. Importantly, PI3K inhibitors also rendered tumor cells sensitive for recognition by CD8 T cells in culture conditions of metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed a strong impact of metabolic stress on the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I and suggest that this type of tumor escape takes place at hypoxic areas even during times of active T cell immunity and IFNy release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie H Tolmeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Chen YL, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen N, Fang W, Zhong J, Liu Y, Qin R, Yu X, Sun Z, Gao F. A 17 gene panel for non-small-cell lung cancer prognosis identified through integrative epigenomic-transcriptomic analyses of hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1490-1502. [PMID: 30973670 PMCID: PMC6599842 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia is known to be a potent inducer of tumor metastasis, and it has been proposed that the initial steps in metastasis involve epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The strong correlation among hypoxia, EMT, and metastasis suggests that integrative assessment of gene expression and the DNA modification program of hypoxia‐induced EMT via high‐throughput sequencing technologies may increase our understanding of the molecular basis of tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we present the genomewide transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We demonstrate that hypoxia induces EMT along with dynamic alterations of transcriptional expression and epigenetic modifications in both A549 and HCC827 cells. After training using a dataset from patients with invasive and noninvasive lung adenocarcinomas with an artificial neural network algorithm, a characteristic 17‐gene panel was identified, consisting of genes involved in EMT, hypoxia response, glycometabolism, and epigenetic modifications. This 17‐gene signature clearly stratified NSCLC patients with significant differences in overall survival across three independent datasets. Our study may be suitable as a basis for further selection of gene signatures to potentially guide prognostic stratification in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lei Chen
- Stem Cell Bank/Stem Cell Core Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Na Chen
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiying Fang
- Stem Cell Bank/Stem Cell Core Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Stem Cell Bank/Stem Cell Core Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ryan LS, Gerberich J, Cao J, An W, Jenkins BA, Mason RP, Lippert AR. Kinetics-Based Measurement of Hypoxia in Living Cells and Animals Using an Acetoxymethyl Ester Chemiluminescent Probe. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1391-1398. [PMID: 31002225 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenation and tissue hypoxia play critical roles in mammalian biology and contribute to aggressive phenotypes in cancerous tumors, driving research to develop accurate and easy-to-implement methods for monitoring hypoxia in living cells and animal models. This study reports the chemiluminescent probe HyCL-4-AM, which contains a nitroaromatic sensing moiety and, importantly, an acetoxymethyl (AM) ester that dramatically improves operation in cells and animals. HyCL-4-AM provides a selective 60 000-fold increase in luminescence emission in the presence of rat liver microsomes (RLM). For cellular operation, the chemiluminescence response kinetics is sharply dependent on oxygen levels, enabling highly significant and reproducible measurement of hypoxia in living cells. Whole animal imaging experiments in muscle tissue and tumor xenografts show that HyCL-4-AM can differentiate between well oxygenated muscle tissue and hypoxic tumors, demonstrating potential for monitoring tumor reoxygenation via hyperoxic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeni Gerberich
- Prognostic Imaging Research Laboratory (PIRL), Pre-clinical Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ralph P. Mason
- Prognostic Imaging Research Laboratory (PIRL), Pre-clinical Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Van Nest SJ, Nicholson LM, Pavey N, Hindi MN, Brolo AG, Jirasek A, Lum JJ. Raman spectroscopy detects metabolic signatures of radiation response and hypoxic fluctuations in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:474. [PMID: 31109312 PMCID: PMC6528330 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is a standard form of treating non-small cell lung cancer, however, local recurrence is a major issue with this type of treatment. A better understanding of the metabolic response to radiation therapy may provide insight into improved approaches for local tumour control. Cyclic hypoxia is a well-established determinant that influences radiation response, though its impact on other metabolic pathways that control radiosensitivity remains unclear. METHODS We used an established Raman spectroscopic (RS) technique in combination with immunofluorescence staining to measure radiation-induced metabolic responses in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumour xenografts. Tumours were established in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice, and were exposed to radiation doses of 15 Gy or left untreated. Tumours were harvested at 2 h, 1, 3 and 10 days post irradiation. RESULTS We report that xenografted NSCLC tumours demonstrate rapid and stable metabolic changes, following exposure to 15 Gy radiation doses, which can be measured by RS and are dictated by the extent of local tissue oxygenation. In particular, fluctuations in tissue glycogen content were observed as early as 2 h and as late as 10 days post irradiation. Metabolically, this signature was correlated to the extent of tumour regression. Immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX, pimonidazole and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) correlated with RS-identified metabolic changes in hypoxia and reoxygenation following radiation exposure. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RS can identify sequential changes in hypoxia and tumour reoxygenation in NSCLC, that play crucial roles in radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Van Nest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Leah M. Nicholson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Nils Pavey
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Mathew N. Hindi
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO BOX 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Physics, I.K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Julian J. Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Saforo D, Omer L, Smolenkov A, Barve A, Casson L, Boyd N, Clark G, Siskind L, Beverly L. Primary lung cancer samples cultured under microenvironment-mimetic conditions enrich for mesenchymal stem-like cells that promote metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4177. [PMID: 30862796 PMCID: PMC6414636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a heterogeneous biological ecosystem of cellular and non-cellular elements including transformed tumor cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, stem and progenitor cells, as well as the cytokines and matrix that they produce. The constituents of the TME stroma are multiple and varied, however cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and their contribution to the TME are important in tumor progression. CAF are hypothesized to arise from multiple progenitor cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells. Currently, isolation of TME stroma from patients is complicated by issues such as limited availability of biopsy material and cell stress incurred during lengthy adaptation to atmospheric oxygen (20% O2) in cell culture, limiting pre-clinical studies of patient tumor stromal interactions. Here we describe a microenvironment mimetic in vitro cell culturing system that incorporates elements of the in vivo lung environment, including lung fibroblast derived extracellular matrix and physiological hypoxia (5% O2). Using this system, we easily isolated and rapidly expanded stromal progenitors from patient lung tumor resections without complex sorting methods or growth supplements. These progenitor populations retained expression of pluripotency markers, secreted factors associated with cancer progression, and enhanced tumor cell growth and metastasis. An understanding of the biology of these progenitor cell populations in a TME-like environment may advance our ability to target these cells and limit their effects on promoting cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Saforo
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Linda Omer
- University of Louisville, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Andrei Smolenkov
- University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aditya Barve
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lavona Casson
- University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nolan Boyd
- University of Louisville, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville, Department of Physiology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Geoffrey Clark
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah Siskind
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Levi Beverly
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville, Department of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Mohindra P, Sawant A, Griffin RJ, Lamichhane N, Vlashi E, Xu‐Welliver M, Dominello M, Joiner MC, Burmeister J. Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: I would treat all early-stage NSCLC patients with SBRT. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:7-13. [PMID: 30793828 PMCID: PMC6414141 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Mohindra
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Meng Xu‐Welliver
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe James Cancer CenterOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Michael Dominello
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Michael C. Joiner
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jay Burmeister
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Gershenson Radiation Oncology CenterBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lin SH, Koong AC. Breathing New Life Into Hypoxia-Targeted Therapies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:4096547. [PMID: 28922792 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cyclopamine tartrate, a modulator of hedgehog signaling and mitochondrial respiration, effectively arrests lung tumor growth and progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1405. [PMID: 30723259 PMCID: PMC6363760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, despite the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel molecular features unique to lung tumors. Here, we show that cyclopamine tartrate (CycT) strongly suppresses the growth of subcutaneously implanted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts and nearly eradicated orthotopically implanted NSCLC xenografts. CycT reduces heme synthesis and degradation in NSCLC cells and suppresses oxygen consumption in purified mitochondria. In orthotopic tumors, CycT decreases the levels of proteins and enzymes crucial for heme synthesis, uptake, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CycT also decreases the levels of two regulators promoting OXPHOS, MYC and MCL1, and effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia. Evidently, CycT acts via multiple modes to suppress OXPHOS. One mode is to directly inhibit mitochondrial respiration/OXPHOS. Another mode is to inhibit heme synthesis and degradation. Both modes appear to be independent of hedgehog signaling. Addition of heme to NSCLC cells partially reverses the effect of CycT on oxygen consumption, proliferation, and tumorigenic functions. Together, our results strongly suggest that CycT suppress tumor growth in the lung by inhibiting heme metabolism and OXPHOS. Targeting heme metabolism and OXPHOS may be an effective strategy to combat lung cancer.
Collapse
|
64
|
Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhou H, Belzile O, Zhang Z, Wagner J, Ahn C, Richardson JA, Saha D, Brekken RA, Mason RP. The effect of flow on blood oxygen level dependent (R * 2 ) MRI of orthotopic lung tumors. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3787-3797. [PMID: 30697815 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI based on R 2 * measurements can provide insights into tumor vascular oxygenation. However, measurements are susceptible to blood flow, which may vary accompanying a hyperoxic gas challenge. We investigated flow sensitivity by comparing R 2 * measurements with and without flow suppression (fs) in 2 orthotopic lung xenograft tumor models. METHODS H460 (n = 20) and A549 (n = 20) human lung tumor xenografts were induced by surgical implantation of cancer cells in the right lung of nude rats. MRI was performed at 4.7T after tumors reached 5 to 8 mm in diameter. A multiecho gradient echo MRI sequence was acquired with and without spatial saturation bands on each side of the imaging plane to evaluate the effect of flow on R 2 * . fs and non-fs R 2 * MRI measurements were interleaved during an oxygen breathing challenge (from air to 100% O2 ). T 2 * -weighted signal intensity changes (ΔSI(%)) and R 2 * measurements were obtained for regions of interest and on a voxel-by-voxel basis and discrepancies quantified with Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Flow suppression affected ΔSI(%) and R 2 * measurements in each tumor model. Average discrepancy and limits of agreement from Bland-Altman analyses revealed greater flow-related bias in A549 than H460. CONCLUSION The effect of flow on R 2 * , and hence BOLD, was tumor model dependent with measurements being more sensitive in well-perfused A549 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Olivier Belzile
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jo Wagner
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James A Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
18F-EF5 PET-based Imageable Hypoxia Predicts Local Recurrence in Tumors Treated With Highly Conformal Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1183-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
67
|
De la Garza MM, Cumpian AM, Daliri S, Castro-Pando S, Umer M, Gong L, Khosravi N, Caetano MS, Ramos-Castañeda M, Flores AG, Beltran EC, Tran HT, Tuvim MJ, Ostrin EJ, Dickey BF, Evans CM, Moghaddam SJ. COPD-Type lung inflammation promotes K-ras mutant lung cancer through epithelial HIF-1α mediated tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32972-32983. [PMID: 30250643 PMCID: PMC6152479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory disease of the lung, is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Lung tissues obtained from human smokers with COPD and lung cancer demonstrate hypoxia and up-regulated hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 activation is the central mechanism for controlling the cellular response to hypoxia during inflammation and tumor development. These facts suggest a link between COPD-related airway inflammation, HIF-1, and lung cancer. We have previously established a mouse model of COPD-like airway inflammation that promotes lung cancer in a K-ras mutant mouse model (CC-LR). Here we show that tumors in the CC-LR model have significantly elevated levels of HIF-1α and HIF-1 activity. To determine the tumor-promoting functions of HIF-1 in CC-LR mice, the gene Hif1a which encodes HIF-1α and is required for HIF-1 activity, was disrupted in the lung epithelium of CC-LR animals. Airway epithelial specific HIF-1α deficient mice demonstrated significant reductions in lung surface tumor numbers, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation in the absence or presence of COPD-like airway inflammation. In addition, when CC-LR mice were bred with transgenic animals that overexpress a constitutively active mutant form of human HIF-1α in the airway epithelium, both COPD- and adenocarcinoma-like phenotypes were observed. HIF-1α overexpressing CC-LR mice had significant emphysema, and they also showed potentiated tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation accompanied by an invasive metastatic phenotype. Our gain and loss of function studies support a key role for HIF-1α in the promotion of lung cancer by COPD-like inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Miguelina De la Garza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Amber M Cumpian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soudabeh Daliri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susana Castro-Pando
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Misha Umer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauricio S Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marco Ramos-Castañeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garza Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Evelyn C Beltran
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hai T Tran
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Lin C, Zhang X, Chen H, Bian Z, Zhang G, Riaz MK, Tyagi D, Lin G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu A, Yang Z. Dual-ligand modified liposomes provide effective local targeted delivery of lung-cancer drug by antibody and tumor lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptide. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:256-266. [PMID: 29334814 PMCID: PMC6058720 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abilities of a drug delivery system to target and penetrate tumor masses are key factors in determining the system’s chemotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we explored the utility of an anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (anti-CA IX) antibody and CPP33 dual-ligand modified triptolide-loaded liposomes (dl-TPL-lip) to simultaneously enhance the tumor-specific targeting and increase tumor cell penetration of TPL. In vitro, the dl-TPL-lip increased the cytotoxicity of TPL in CA IX-positive lung cancer cells, which showed tunable size (137.6 ± 0.8 nm), high-encapsulation efficiency (86.3 ± 2.6%) and sustained release. Dl-TPL-lip significantly improved the ability of liposomes to penetrate 3 D tumor spheroids and exhibited a superior inhibiting effect. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies in rats that received TPL liposomal formulations by endotracheal administration showed a reduced concentration of TPL (17.3%–30.6% compared to free TPL) in systemic circulation. After pulmonary administration in orthotopic lung tumor-bearing mice, dl-TPL-lip significantly enhanced TPL anti-cancer efficacy without apparent systemic toxicity. This dual-ligand modified liposomal vehicle presents a potential system for localized and targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to improve their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lin
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xue Zhang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | | | - Deependra Tyagi
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ge Lin
- b School of Biomedical Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- c School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
| | - Aiping Lu
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China.,d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China.,d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ibis K, Saglam S, Saglam EK, Firat P, Yilmazbayhan D, Toker A, Ozkan B, Hancer VS, Buyukdogan M, Disci R, Pilanci KN. Prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1291-1296. [PMID: 30029935 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prognostic importance of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a hypoxic biomarker, after neoadjuvant treatment in Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Tissue CA IX expression was examined after surgical resection in 77 patients who had undergone neoadjuvant treatment. The effects of CA IX overexpression and other clinical factors on disease-free survival and overall survival were investigated. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) courses and gender emerged as significant independent predictors for disease-free survival, where administration of 2-3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) (HR, 3.2 [95% CI 1.3-7.6], p = 0.009) and female gender were associated with poor survival (HR, 3.2 [95% CI 1.3-7.7], p = 0.009). The only significant independent predictor for overall survival was recurrence (HR, 5.6 [95% CI 2.4-12.8], p < 0.001). On the other hand, CA IX overexpression was not associated with disease free survival (p = 0.560) or overall survival (p = 0.799). DISCUSSION Our results do not suggest a prognostic role for CA IX overexpression in stage III NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamuran Ibis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Saglam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Kaytan Saglam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Firat
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Alper Toker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berker Ozkan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel S Hancer
- Istinye University, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Rian Disci
- Department of Biostatistics, Basic Medical Sciences, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kezban Nur Pilanci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Haseki Egitim Arastirma Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Xu XH, Bao Y, Wang X, Yan F, Guo S, Ma Y, Xu D, Jin L, Xu J, Wang J. Hypoxic-stabilized EPAS1 proteins transactivate DNMT1 and cause promoter hypermethylation and transcription inhibition of EPAS1 in non-small cell lung cancer. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700715. [PMID: 29920222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Although cigarette smoking is by far the most important risk factor for lung cancer, the aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contributes a great deal to tumorigenesis. Here, we reveal that aberrant expression of endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 ( EPAS1) gene, which encodes hypoxia inducible factor 2α, has a critical role in NSCLC. Our results showed EPAS1 mRNA was down-regulated in 82.5% of NSCLC tissues, and a new region of EPAS1 promoter was found to be highly methylated in lung cancer cell lines and NSCLC tissues. Moreover, the methylation rates were negatively correlated to EPAS1 mRNA expression in lung tissues. Further, demethylation analysis demonstrated EPAS1 was regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in NSCLC. In contrast, DNMT1 was verified as an EPAS1 target gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and could be transactivated by stabilized EPAS1 proteins in hypoxic lung cells, thereby decreasing EPAS1 mRNA expression by methylation regulation. Collectively, our study suggests there might be a mechanism of negative-feedback regulation for EPAS1 in NSCLC. That is, hypoxic-stabilized EPAS1 proteins transactivated DNMT1, which further promoted the hypermethylation of EPAS1 promoter and decreased EPAS1 mRNA expression levels in NSCLC.-Xu, X.-H., Bao, Y., Wang, X., Yan, F., Guo, S., Ma, Y., Xu, D., Jin, L., Xu, J., Wang, J. Hypoxic-stabilized EPAS1 proteins transactivate DNMT1 and cause promoter hypermethylation and transcription inhibition of EPAS1 in non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jibin Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yang X, Zang H, Luo Y, Wu J, Fang Z, Zhu W, Li Y. High expression of USP22 predicts poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3035-3046. [PMID: 29872315 PMCID: PMC5973323 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression of USP22 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of USP22 still remains unknown. Materials and methods A systematic meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of USP22 in cancers. A literature collection was conducted from inception to June 8, 2017 by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid and Web of Science databases. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were used to correlate high expression of USP22 with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features. Results The results, pooled by 19 studies with 2,876 cases, indicated that high expression of USP22 predicted poor OS (HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.11–2.84, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR=2.55, 95% CI: 2.05–3.05, p<0.001) of cancer patients. Furthermore, high expression of USP22 was also significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological parameters, including tumor stage, tumor differentiation, metastasis, nodal status and tumor size. Conclusion Our finding revealed that USP22 might be an indicator of poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features of solid tumors and could be served as a novel biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Zang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, Xinyi Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinyi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingbin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Zhou H, Zhang Z, Denney R, Williams JS, Gerberich J, Stojadinovic S, Saha D, Shelton JM, Mason RP. Tumor physiological changes during hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy assessed using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37464-37477. [PMID: 28415581 PMCID: PMC5514922 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for non-resectable lung cancer and hypoxia is thought to influence tumor response. Hypoxia is expected to be particularly relevant to the evolving new radiation treatment scheme of hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). As such, we sought to develop non-invasive tools to assess tumor pathophysiology and response to irradiation. We applied blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) MRI, together with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to explore the longitudinal effects of SBRT on tumor oxygenation and vascular perfusion using A549 human lung cancer xenografts in a subcutaneous rat model. Intra-tumor heterogeneity was seen on multi-parametric maps, especially in BOLD, T2* and DCE. At baseline, most tumors showed a positive BOLD signal response (%ΔSI) and increased T2* in response to oxygen breathing challenge, indicating increased vascular oxygenation. Control tumors showed similar response 24 hours and 1 week later. Twenty-four hours after a single dose of 12 Gy, the irradiated tumors showed a significantly decreased T2* (-2.9±4.2 ms) and further decrease was observed (-4.0±6.0 ms) after 1 week, suggesting impaired vascular oxygenation. DCE revealed tumor heterogeneity, but showed minimal changes following irradiation. Rats were cured of the primary tumors by 3x12 Gy, providing long term survival, though with ultimate metastatic recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Rebecca Denney
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Jessica S Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Jeni Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Strahinja Stojadinovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Al-Amodi HSAB, Nabih ES, Kamel HFM, El Sayed MA, Dwedar IAM. Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Over-Expression is Related to Cancer Stem Cells Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Invest 2018. [PMID: 29537891 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1445262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. We evaluated the expression of wild-type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and the cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker CD44 by real-time PCR and levels of reduced form of glutathione in lung biopsies of 32 adenocarcinoma patients and 18 control subjects. We found that IDH1 and CD44 expression and the levels of reduced form of glutathione were significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma patients. IDH1 was positively correlated with CD44 and reduced form of glutathione. In conclusion, wild-type IDH1 is over-expressed in lung adenocarcinoma which probably promoted tumor progression via increasing CSCs survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enas Samir Nabih
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hala Fawzy M Kamel
- a Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University , Makah , KSA.,b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali El Sayed
- c Department of Chest Diseases , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Nehmeh SA, Schwartz J, Grkovski M, Yeung I, Laymon CM, Muzi M, Humm JL. Inter-operator variability in compartmental kinetic analysis of 18F-fluoromisonidazole dynamic PET. Clin Imaging 2018; 49:121-127. [PMID: 29414505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the inter-operator variability in compartment analysis (CA) of dynamic-FMISO (dyn-FMISO) PET. METHODS Study-I: Five investigators conducted CA for 23 NSCLC dyn-FMISO tumor time-activity-curves. Study-II: Four operators performed CA for four NSCLC dyn-FMISO datasets. Repeatability of Kinetic-Rate-Constants (KRCs) was assessed. RESULTS Study-I: Strong correlation (ICC > 0.9) and interchangeable results among operators existed for all KRCs. Study-II: Up to 103% variability in tumor segmentation, and weaker ICC in KRCs (ICC-VB = 0.53; ICC-K1 = 0.91; ICC-K1/k2 = 0.25; ICC-k3 = 0.32; ICC-Ki = 0.54) existed. All KRCs were repeatable among the different operators. CONCLUSIONS Inter-operator variability in CA of dyn-FMISO was shown to be within statistical errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadek A Nehmeh
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jazmin Schwartz
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ivan Yeung
- Department of Medical Physics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark Muzi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Dumitru C, Kabat AM, Maloy KJ. Metabolic Adaptations of CD4 + T Cells in Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:540. [PMID: 29599783 PMCID: PMC5862799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A controlled and self-limiting inflammatory reaction generally results in removal of the injurious agent and repair of the damaged tissue. However, in chronic inflammation, immune responses become dysregulated and prolonged, leading to tissue destruction. The role of metabolic reprogramming in orchestrating appropriate immune responses has gained increasing attention in recent years. Proliferation and differentiation of the T cell subsets that are needed to address homeostatic imbalance is accompanied by a series of metabolic adaptations, as T cells traveling from nutrient-rich secondary lymphoid tissues to sites of inflammation experience a dramatic shift in microenvironment conditions. How T cells integrate information about the local environment, such as nutrient availability or oxygen levels, and transfer these signals to functional pathways remains to be fully understood. In this review, we discuss how distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells metabolically adapt to the conditions of inflammation and whether these insights may pave the way to new treatments for human inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dumitru
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka M. Kabat
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Maloy,
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Cohen AS, Khalil FK, Welsh EA, Schabath MB, Enkemann SA, Davis A, Zhou JM, Boulware DC, Kim J, Haura EB, Morse DL. Cell-surface marker discovery for lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113373-113402. [PMID: 29371917 PMCID: PMC5768334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Novel lung cancer targeted therapeutic and molecular imaging agents are needed to improve outcomes and enable personalized care. Since these agents typically cannot cross the plasma membrane while carrying cytotoxic payload or imaging contrast, discovery of cell-surface targets is a necessary initial step. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of lung cancer cell-surface markers for use in development of targeted agents. To identify putative cell-surface markers, existing microarray gene expression data from patient specimens were analyzed to select markers with differential expression in lung cancer compared to normal lung. Greater than 200 putative cell-surface markers were identified as being overexpressed in lung cancers. Ten cell-surface markers (CA9, CA12, CXorf61, DSG3, FAT2, GPR87, KISS1R, LYPD3, SLC7A11 and TMPRSS4) were selected based on differential mRNA expression in lung tumors vs. non-neoplastic lung samples and other normal tissues, and other considerations involving known biology and targeting moieties. Protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and scoring of patient tumor and normal tissue samples. As further validation, marker expression was determined in lung cancer cell lines using microarray data and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed for each of the markers using patient clinical data. High expression for six of the markers (CA9, CA12, CXorf61, GPR87, LYPD3, and SLC7A11) was significantly associated with worse survival. These markers should be useful for the development of novel targeted imaging probes or therapeutics for use in personalized care of lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Cohen
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Farah K Khalil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Enkemann
- Molecular Genomics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Davis
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jun-Min Zhou
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David C Boulware
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Ruiz A, Calzada MJ. Hypoxia and Redox Signaling on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: From Mechanisms to Pathological Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:802-822. [PMID: 28715969 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential modulator of cell behavior that influences tissue organization. It has a strong relevance in homeostasis and translational implications for human disease. In addition to ECM structural proteins, matricellular proteins are important regulators of the ECM that are involved in a myriad of different pathologies. Recent Advances: Biochemical studies, animal models, and study of human diseases have contributed to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling of the ECM, both in homeostasis and disease. Some of them might help in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to review what is known about some of the most studied matricellular proteins and their regulation by hypoxia and redox signaling, as well as the pathological implications of such regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Matricellular proteins have complex regulatory functions and are modulated by hypoxia and redox signaling through diverse mechanisms, in some cases with controversial effects that can be cell or tissue specific and context dependent. Therefore, a better understanding of these regulatory processes would be of great benefit and will open new avenues of considerable therapeutic potential. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the specific molecular mechanisms that modulate matricellular proteins in pathological processes that involve hypoxia and redox signaling warrants additional consideration to harness the potential therapeutic value of these regulatory proteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 802-822.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Departmento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Ostheimer C, Gunther S, Bache M, Vordermark D, Multhoff G. Dynamics of Heat Shock Protein 70 Serum Levels As a Predictor of Clinical Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Correlation with the Hypoxia-Related Marker Osteopontin. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1305. [PMID: 29093708 PMCID: PMC5651249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia mediates resistance to radio(chemo)therapy (RT) by stimulating the synthesis of hypoxia-related genes, such as osteopontin (OPN) and stress proteins, including the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Apart from its intracellular localization, Hsp70 is also present on the plasma membrane of viable tumor cells that actively release it in lipid vesicles with biophysical characteristics of exosomes. Exosomal Hsp70 contributes to radioresistance while Hsp70 derived from dying tumor cells can serve as a stimulator of immune cells. Given these opposing traits of extracellular Hsp70 and the unsatisfactory outcome of locally advanced lung tumors, we investigated the role of Hsp70 in the plasma of patients with advanced, non-metastasized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before (T1) and 4–6 weeks after RT (T2) in relation to OPN as potential biomarkers for clinical response. Plasma levels of Hsp70 correlate with those of OPN at T1, and high OPN levels are significantly associated with a decreased overall survival (OS). Due to a therapy-induced reduction in viable tumor mass after RT Hsp70 plasma levels dropped significantly at T2 (p = 0.016). However, with respect to the immunostimulatory capacity of Hsp70 derived from dying tumor cells, patients with higher post-therapeutic Hsp70 levels showed a significantly better response to RT (p = 0.034) than those with lower levels at T2. In summary, high OPN plasma levels at T1 are indicative for poor OS, whereas elevated post-therapeutic Hsp70 plasma levels together with a drop of Hsp70 between T1 and T2, successfully predict favorable responses to RT. Monitoring the dynamics of Hsp70 in NSCLC patients before and after RT can provide additional predictive information for clinical outcome and therefore might allow a more rapid therapy adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sophie Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Willis GR, Kourembanas S, Mitsialis SA. Toward Exosome-Based Therapeutics: Isolation, Heterogeneity, and Fit-for-Purpose Potency. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:63. [PMID: 29062835 PMCID: PMC5640880 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are defined as submicron (30-150 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically generated by the late endosomal compartment through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Produced by almost all cells, exosomes were originally considered to represent just a mechanism for jettisoning unwanted cellular moieties. Although this may be a major function in most cells, evolution has recruited the endosomal membrane-sorting pathway to duties beyond mere garbage disposal, one of the most notable examples being its cooption by retroviruses for the generation of Trojan virions. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that certain cell types have evolved an exosome subclass active in intracellular communication. We term this EV subclass "signalosomes" and define them as exosomes that are produced by the "signaling" cells upon specific physiological or environmental cues and harbor cargo capable of modulating the programming of recipient cells. Our recent studies have established that signalosomes released by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent the main vector of MSC immunomodulation and therapeutic action in animal models of lung disease. The efficacy of MSC-exosome treatments in a number of preclinical models of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease supports the promise of application of exosome-based therapeutics across a wide range of pathologies within the near future. However, the full realization of exosome therapeutic potential has been hampered by the absence of standardization in EV isolation, and procedures for purification of signalosomes from the main exosome population. This is mainly due to immature methodologies for exosome isolation and characterization and our incomplete understanding of the specific characteristics and molecular composition of signalosomes. In addition, difficulties in defining metrics for potency of exosome preparations and the challenges of industrial scale-up and good manufacturing practice compliance have complicated smooth and timely transition to clinical development. In this manuscript, we focus on cell culture conditions, exosome harvesting, dosage, and exosome potency, providing some empirical guidance and perspectives on the challenges in bringing exosome-based therapies to clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Levobuipivacaine-Induced Dissemination of A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8646. [PMID: 28819223 PMCID: PMC5561232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While anaesthetics are frequently used on cancer patients during surgical procedures, their consequence on cancer progression remains to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the influence of local anesthetics on lung cancer cell dissemination in vitro and in vivo. A549 human non-small lung cancer cells were treated with various local anaesthetics including ropivacaine, lidocaine, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine. Cell barrier property was assessed using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of treated cells was studied by immunofluorescence staining. In vitro and in vivo cancer cell dissemination were investigated.Gene expression microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) assays were used to identify the genes responsible for levobupivacaine-mediated cancer cell dissemination.The results illustrated that only levobupivacaine induced EMT in the treated cells and also caused the dissemination of cancer cells in vitro. In addition, after intravenous injection, levobupivacaine encouraged cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Gene expression microarray, qrt-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that after levobupivacaine treatment, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 2α gene was upregulated in cancer cells. Our findings suggest that levobupivacaine may induce A549 lung cancer cell dissemination both in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, HIF-2α signaling possibly contributes to levobupivacaine-mediated A549 lung cancer cell dissemination.
Collapse
|
81
|
Wohlkoenig C, Leithner K, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Hrzenjak A. TR3 is involved in hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in lung cancer cells downstream of HIF-1α. Lung Cancer 2017; 111:15-22. [PMID: 28838387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Like in all solid tumors, hypoxia is common in lung cancer and contributes to apoptosis, and thus chemotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. TR3 (NR4A1, Nur77) is an orphan nuclear receptor that induces apoptosis and may mediate chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used A549, H23 and H1299 cell lines to investigate how TR3-mediated apoptosis is affected by hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Cell culture, western blot analysis, apoptosis assay, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing were performed in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The TR3 activator cytosporone B was used to investigate TR3-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cytosporone B induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Chronic moderate hypoxia induced a significant down-regulation of TR3. Accordingly, the cytosporone B effect was reduced under these conditions. Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Our immunoblotting analysis and expression data from a public dataset suggest that TR3 is downregulated in NSCLC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 might play an important role for hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wohlkoenig
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Lin C, Wong BCK, Chen H, Bian Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Kashif Riaz M, Tyagi D, Lin G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu A, Yang Z. Pulmonary delivery of triptolide-loaded liposomes decorated with anti-carbonic anhydrase IX antibody for lung cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1097. [PMID: 28428618 PMCID: PMC5430522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-decorated liposomes can facilitate the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the lung by targeting a recognition factor present on the surface of lung tumor cells. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an enzyme expressed on the surface of lung cancer cells with a restricted expression in normal lungs. Here, we explored the utility of anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) antibody, conjugated to the surface of triptolide (TPL)-loaded liposomes (CA IX-TPL-Lips), to promote the therapeutic effects for lung cancer via pulmonary administration. It was found that the CA IX-TPL-Lips significantly improved the cellular uptake efficiency in both CA IX-positive human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) and A549 tumor spheroids, resulting in the efficient cell killing compared with free TPL and non-targeted TPL-Lips. In vivo, CA IX-Lips via pulmonary delivery showed specificity and a sustained release property resided up to 96 h in the lung, both of which improved the efficiency of TPL formulations in restraining tumor growth and significantly prolonged the lifespan of mice with orthotopic lung tumors. The results suggest that CA IX-decorated liposomes can potentially be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Blenda Chi Kwan Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Riaz
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Deependra Tyagi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Area 39, CUHK, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. .,Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. .,Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu, 215500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Yang N, Liang Y, Yang P, Ji F. Propofol suppresses LPS-induced nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α and tumor aggressiveness in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2611-2619. [PMID: 28426124 PMCID: PMC5428906 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia has been recognized as a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment and promotes metastasis in a variety of types of cancer. However, in lung cancer, the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in modulating the cellular response to the inflammation-related microenvironment remains unclear. In the present study, enhanced expression of HIF-1α accompanied by an increased ROS level was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In addition, propofol, a general anesthetic, was found to significantly reduce the LPS-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and ROS in a dose-dependent manner. Further study showed that propofol may antagonize the role of LPS in activating HIF-1α through attenuating the protein stability and nuclear localization of HIF-1α. Moreover, knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated expression of mesenchymal marker, vimentin, but promoted the expression of epidermal marker, E-cadherin, in the LPS-treated NSCLC cells. Notably, LPS-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was notably suppressed by propofol treatment. Consistently, a wound healing assay revealed that propofol abrogated LPS-stimulated migration of NSCLC cells while overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the effects of propofol. Similarly, we investigated the influence of propofol on the invasive capability of NSCLC cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses indicated that both knockdown of HIF-1α and treatment of propofol attenuated the LPS-activated expression of MMP2 and MMP9 which are necessary for tumor invasion. However, results from the Transwell assay confirmed that propofol also suppressed cell invasion by decreasing HIF-1α expression in the LPS-treated NSCLC cells. Analysis of clinical specimens demonstrated abnormal expression of HIF-1α in NSCLC tissues and a poor prognosis in patients with elevated HIF-1α expression. Thus, the present study suggests a potential strategy for NSCLC by targeting HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Liang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Schwartz J, Grkovski M, Rimner A, Schöder H, Zanzonico PB, Carlin SD, Staton KD, Humm JL, Nehmeh SA. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Dynamic 18F-Fluoromisonidazole PET Data in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:911-919. [PMID: 28232611 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.180422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors exhibit increased resistance to radiation, chemical, and immune therapies. 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) PET is a noninvasive, quantitative imaging technique used to evaluate the magnitude and spatial distribution of tumor hypoxia. In this study, pharmacokinetic analysis (PKA) of 18F-FMISO dynamic PET extended to 3 h after injection is reported for the first time, to our knowledge, in stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Sixteen patients diagnosed with NSCLC underwent 2 PET/CT scans (1-3 d apart) before radiation therapy: a 3-min static 18 F-FDG and a dynamic 18F-FMISO scan lasting 168 ± 15 min. The latter data were acquired in 3 serial PET/CT dynamic imaging sessions, registered with each other and analyzed using pharmacokinetic modeling software. PKA was performed using a 2-tissue, 3-compartment irreversible model, and kinetic parameters were estimated for the volumes of interest determined using coregistered 18F-FDG images for both the volume of interest-averaged and the voxelwise time-activity curves for each patient's lesions, normal lung, and muscle. Results: We derived average values of 18F-FMISO kinetic parameters for NSCLC lesions as well as for normal lung and muscle. We also investigated the correlation between the trapping rate (k3) and delivery rate (K1), influx rate (Ki ) constants, and tissue-to-blood activity concentration ratios (TBRs) for all tissues. Lesions had trapping rates 1.6 times larger, on average, than those of normal lung and 4.4 times larger than those in muscle. Additionally, for almost all cases, k3 and Ki had a significant strong correlation for all tissue types. The TBR-k3 correlation was less straightforward, showing a moderate to strong correlation for only 41% of lesions. Finally, K1-k3 voxelwise correlations for tumors were varied, but negative for 76% of lesions, globally exhibiting a weak inverse relationship (average R = -0.23 ± 0.39). However, both normal tissue types exhibited significant positive correlations for more than 60% of patients, with 41% having moderate to strong correlations (R > 0.5). Conclusion: All lesions showed distinct 18F-FMISO uptake. Variable 18F-FMISO delivery was observed across lesions, as indicated by the variable values of the kinetic rate constant K1 Except for 3 cases, some degree of hypoxia was apparent in all lesions based on their nonzero k3 values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Schwartz
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andreas Rimner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean D Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Kevin D Staton
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sadek A Nehmeh
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Molecular targeting of hypoxia in radiotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:45-62. [PMID: 27771366 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is an essential microenvironmental driver of phenotypic diversity in human solid cancers. Hypoxic cancer cells hijack evolutionarily conserved, O2- sensitive pathways eliciting molecular adaptations that impact responses to radiotherapy, tumor recurrence and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the radiobiological, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms orchestrating oncogenic responses to hypoxia. In addition, we outline emerging hypoxia- targeting strategies that hold promise for individualized cancer therapy in the context of radiotherapy and drug delivery.
Collapse
|
86
|
Polat B, Kaiser P, Wohlleben G, Gehrke T, Scherzad A, Scheich M, Malzahn U, Fischer T, Vordermark D, Flentje M. Perioperative changes in osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma levels and their prognostic impact for radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28049456 PMCID: PMC5209814 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In head and neck cancer little is known about the kinetics of osteopontin (OPN) expression after tumor resection. In this study we evaluated the time course of OPN plasma levels before and after surgery. Methods Between 2011 and 2013 41 consecutive head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective study (group A). At different time points plasma samples were collected: T0) before, T1) 1 day, T2) 1 week and T3) 4 weeks after surgery. Osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA system. Data were compared to 131 head and neck cancer patients treated with primary (n = 42) or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 89; group B1 and B2). Results A significant OPN increase was seen as early as 1 day after surgery (T0 to T1, p < 0.01). OPN levels decreased to base line 3-4 weeks after surgery. OPN values were correlated with postoperative TGFβ1 expression suggesting a relation to wound healing. Survival analysis showed a significant benefit for patients with lower OPN levels both in the primary and postoperative radiotherapy group (B1: 33 vs 11.5 months, p = 0.017, B2: median not reached vs 33.4, p = 0.031). TGFβ1 was also of prognostic significance in group B1 (33.0 vs 10.7 months, p = 0.003). Conclusions Patients with head and neck cancer showed an increase in osteopontin plasma levels directly after surgery. Four weeks later OPN concentration decreased to pre-surgery levels. This long lasting increase was presumably associated to wound healing. Both pretherapeutic osteopontin and TGFβ1 had prognostic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheich
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Malzahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Biswal BN, Das SN, Das BK, Rath R. Alteration of cellular metabolism in cancer cells and its therapeutic prospects. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:244-251. [PMID: 28932034 PMCID: PMC5596675 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_60_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of a normal cell into a cancerous phenotype is essentially backed by genetic mutations that trigger several oncogenic signaling pathways. These signaling pathways rewire the cellular metabolism to meet the bioenergetic and biomass requirement of proliferating cell, which is different from a quiescent cell. Although the change of metabolism in a cancer cell was observed and studied in the mid-20th century, it was not adequate to explain oncogenesis. Now, equipped with a revolution of oncogenes, we have a genetic basis to explain the transformation. Through several studies, it is clear now that such metabolic alterations not only promote cancer progression but also contribute to the chemoresistance of cancer. Targeting specific enzymes and combinations of enzymes can improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and help to overcome the therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biranchi Narayan Biswal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, S.C.B. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Surya Narayan Das
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, S.C.B. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Das
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, S.C.B. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, S.C.B. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Timpano S, Melanson G, Evagelou SL, Guild BD, Specker EJ, Uniacke J. Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060265 DOI: 10.3791/55112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational control is a focal point of gene regulation, especially during periods of cellular stress. Cap-dependent translation via the eIF4F complex is by far the most common pathway to initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, but stress-specific variations of this complex are now emerging. Purifying cap-binding proteins with an affinity resin composed of Agarose-linked m7GTP (a 5' mRNA cap analog) is a useful tool to identify factors involved in the regulation of translation initiation. Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a cellular stress encountered during fetal development and tumor progression, and is highly dependent on translation regulation. Furthermore, it was recently reported that human adult organs have a lower oxygen content (physioxia 1-9% oxygen) that is closer to hypoxia than the ambient air where cells are routinely cultured. With the ongoing characterization of a hypoxic eIF4F complex (eIF4FH), there is increasing interest in understanding oxygen-dependent translation initiation through the 5' mRNA cap. We have recently developed a human cell culture method to analyze cap-binding proteins that are regulated by oxygen availability. This protocol emphasizes that cell culture and lysis be performed in a hypoxia workstation to eliminate exposure to oxygen. Cells must be incubated for at least 24 hr for the liquid media to equilibrate with the atmosphere within the workstation. To avoid this limitation, pre-conditioned media (de-oxygenated) can be added to cells if shorter time points are required. Certain cap-binding proteins require interactions with a second base or can hydrolyze the m7GTP, therefore some cap interactors may be missed in the purification process. Agarose-linked to enzymatically resistant cap analogs may be substituted in this protocol. This method allows the user to identify novel oxygen-regulated translation factors involved in cap-dependent translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Timpano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph
| | - Gaelan Melanson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph
| | - Sonia L Evagelou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph
| | - Brianna D Guild
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph
| | - Erin J Specker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph
| | - James Uniacke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph;
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Muz B, de la Puente P, Azab F, Azab AK. The role of hypoxia in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. HYPOXIA (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2016. [PMID: 27774485 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s93413.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional vascularization and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype resulting in cell mobility and metastasis. Hypoxia alters cancer cell metabolism and contributes to therapy resistance by inducing cell quiescence. Hypoxia stimulates a complex cell signaling network in cancer cells, including the HIF, PI3K, MAPK, and NFĸB pathways, which interact with each other causing positive and negative feedback loops and enhancing or diminishing hypoxic effects. This review provides background knowledge on the role of tumor hypoxia and the role of the HIF cell signaling involved in tumor blood vessel formation, metastasis, and development of the resistance to therapy. Better understanding of the role of hypoxia in cancer progression will open new windows for the discovery of new therapeutics targeting hypoxic tumor cells and hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Greville G, McCann A, Rudd PM, Saldova R. Epigenetic regulation of glycosylation and the impact on chemo-resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:845-857. [PMID: 27689695 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1241932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental posttranslational modifications in cellular biology and has been shown to be epigenetically regulated. Understanding this process is important as epigenetic therapies such as those using DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. Previous work has demonstrated that altered glycosylation patterns are associated with aggressive disease in women presenting with breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment of hypoxia results in globally altered DNA methylation and is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes and chemo-resistance, a feature integral to many cancers. There is sparse knowledge on the impact of these therapies on glycosylation. Moreover, little is known about the efficacy of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in hypoxic tumors. In this review, we interrogate the impact that hypoxia and epigenetic regulation has on cancer cell glycosylation in relation to resultant tumor cell aggressiveness and chemo-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- b UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin , UCD, Belfield, Dublin , Ireland.,c UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , UCD, Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Assessment of Early Therapeutic Changes to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Uterine Cervical Cancer Using Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016; 40:730-4. [PMID: 27636125 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing early therapeutic changes in cervical cancers to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS Fifteen consecutive patients with cervical cancer treated with CCRT were evaluated with blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI at 3 T. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed before treatment (preTx), 1 week after treatment (postT1) and 4 weeks after treatment (postT2). At each time, the rate of spin dephasing (R2*) values were measured in tumor and in normal uterus. RESULTS Tumor R2* increased from preTx to postT2 (P < 0.01). In pairwise comparisons of tumor R2*, postT2 was significantly higher than preTx or postT1 (P < 0.01), whereas postT1 was not significantly different from preTx (P > 0.05). A significant difference in R2* was found between the tumors and normal uterus at preTx (P = 0.001), postT1 (P < 0.001), and postT2 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI may demonstrate early therapeutic changes of cervical cancers to CCRT.
Collapse
|
92
|
Ostheimer C, Schweyer F, Reese T, Bache M, Vordermark D. The relationship between tumor volume changes and serial plasma osteopontin detection during radical radiotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3449-3456. [PMID: 27900019 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic quality of increased osteopontin (OPN) plasma levels has been demonstrated for the chemotherapy and surgery of lung cancer. There is also evidence in the literature that tumor volume impacts prognosis in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of (lung) cancer. We previously demonstrated that elevated plasma levels of OPN before, and increasing OPN plasma levels after RT significantly correlate with survival and outcome after curative-intent RT of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor volume was also associated with prognosis. The present prospective clinical study investigated the prognostic interrelation of OPN plasma levels and tumor volume and their changes in the radical RT of NSCLC. We evaluated a subset of patients (n=27) with inoperable, non-metastasized NSCLC of the previously published patient collective. Patients were treated with radical radiochemotherapy (2 Gy ad 66 Gy). OPN plasma concentrations were determined by ELISA before (t0), at the end (t1), and 4 weeks after RT (t2). GTV was delineated PET- and CT-correlated before RT (GTV1) and after 40 Gy (GTV2). The course of OPN during and after RT and the change of GTV during RT was monitored over time and correlated with prognosis. Median GTV2 after 40 Gy (63 ml) was significantly lower than pre-RT GTV1 (90 ml, P<0.0001). Median OPN before (t0), at the end of (t1) and four weeks after RT (t2) was 846, 777 and 624 ng/ml and not significantly different. GTV significantly declined by 39 ml during RT (P<0.0001) and OPN non-significantly decreased by 56 ng/ml during (t0 to t1) and by 54 ng/ml after RT (t1 to t2). No correlations were determined between absolute OPN and GTV values or their relative changes during RT. In univariate analysis, only GTV2 significantly predicted overall survival (OS, P=0.03). In multivariate analysis, both OPN t1 (P<0.001) and GTV2 (P=0.001) remained significant predictors of OS. Relative OPN plasma level changes after (t1 to t2) and GTV changes during RT (GTV 1 to GTV 2) significantly predicted OS (P=0.02). The combination of absolute GTV values before RT (GTV1) and GTV changes during RT (GTV1 to 2) were significantly associated with OS in both uni- and multivariate analysis (P=0.03). The combination of absolute OPN plasma levels and their changes with GTV and its changes did not reach statistical significance. The lack of a significant correlation between OPN and GTV together with the finding that OPN and GTV remained independent predictors of survival outcome but were not associated with OS in combination supports the hypothesis that tumor volume (GTV) and OPN plasma levels (both their changes and absolute values) are not interrelated in terms of prognosis but do possess each parameter separately, a prognostic quality in the radical RT of NSCLC which justifies further prospective studies to validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Schweyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Reese
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Collins JJP, Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27340891 DOI: 10.3791/53782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases. Besides the use of bone marrow and umbilical cord MSCs for exogenous cell therapy, there is also increasing interest in the repair and regenerative potential of resident tissue MSCs. Moreover, they likely have a role in normal organ development, and have been attributed roles in disease, particularly those with a fibrotic nature. The main hurdle for the study of these resident tissue MSCs is the lack of a clear marker for the isolation and identification of these cells. The isolation technique described here applies multiple characteristics of lung resident MSCs (L-MSCs). Upon sacrifice of the rats, lungs are removed and rinsed multiple times to remove blood. Following mechanical dissociation by scalpel, the lungs are digested for 2-3 hr using a mix of collagenase type I, neutral protease and DNase type I. The obtained single cell suspension is subsequently washed and layered over density gradient medium (density 1.073 g/ml). After centrifugation, cells from the interphase are washed and plated in culture-treated flasks. Cells are cultured for 4-7 days in physiological 5% O2, 5% CO2 conditions. To deplete fibroblasts (CD146(-)) and to ensure a population of only L-MSCs (CD146(+)), positive selection for CD146(+) cells is performed through magnetic bead selection. In summary, this procedure reliably produces a population of primary L-MSCs for further in vitro study and manipulation. Because of the nature of the protocol, it can easily be translated to other experimental animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J P Collins
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa;
| | - Marius A Möbius
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität, Dresden
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
White DA, Zhang Z, Li L, Gerberich J, Stojadinovic S, Peschke P, Mason RP. Developing oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic biomarker of radiation response. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:69-77. [PMID: 27267808 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OE-MRI) techniques were evaluated as potential non-invasive predictive biomarkers of radiation response. Semi quantitative blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) contrast, and quantitative responses of relaxation rates (ΔR1 and ΔR2*) to an oxygen breathing challenge during hypofractionated radiotherapy were applied. OE-MRI was performed on subcutaneous Dunning R3327-AT1 rat prostate tumors (n=25) at 4.7 T prior to each irradiation (2F × 15 Gy) to the gross tumor volume. Response to radiation, while inhaling air or oxygen, was assessed by tumor growth delay measured up to four times the initial irradiated tumor volume (VQT). Radiation-induced hypoxia changes were confirmed using a double hypoxia marker assay. Inhaling oxygen during hypofractionated radiotherapy significantly improved radiation response. A correlation was observed between the difference in the 2nd and 1st ΔR1 (ΔΔR1) and VQT for air breathing rats. The TOLD response before the 2nd fraction showed a moderate correlation with VQT for oxygen breathing rats. The correlations indicate useful prognostic factors to predict tumor response to hypofractionation and could readily be applied for patient stratification and personalized radiotherapy treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek A White
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jeni Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Strahinja Stojadinovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
An Oncogenic Virus Promotes Cell Survival and Cellular Transformation by Suppressing Glycolysis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005648. [PMID: 27187079 PMCID: PMC4871371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is essential for supporting the fast growth of a variety of cancers. However, its role in the survival of cancer cells under stress conditions is unclear. We have previously reported an efficient model of gammaherpesvirus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cellular transformation of rat primary mesenchymal stem cells. KSHV-transformed cells efficiently induce tumors in nude mice with pathological features reminiscent of Kaposi’s sarcoma tumors. Here, we report that KSHV promotes cell survival and cellular transformation by suppressing aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation under nutrient stress. Specifically, KSHV microRNAs and vFLIP suppress glycolysis by activating the NF-κB pathway to downregulate glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. While overexpression of the transporters rescues the glycolytic activity, it induces apoptosis and reduces colony formation efficiency in softagar under glucose deprivation. Mechanistically, GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibit constitutive activation of the AKT and NF-κB pro-survival pathways. Strikingly, GLUT1 and GLUT3 are significantly downregulated in KSHV-infected cells in human KS tumors. Furthermore, we have detected reduced levels of aerobic glycolysis in several KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines compared to a Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line BJAB, and KSHV infection of BJAB cells reduced aerobic glycolysis. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus regulates a key metabolic pathway to adapt to stress in tumor microenvironment, and illustrate the importance of fine-tuning the metabolic pathways for sustaining the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, particularly under stress conditions. KSHV is causally associated with the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma; however, the mechanism underlying KSHV-induced malignant transformation remains unclear. The recent development of an efficient KSHV-induced cellular transformation model of primary rat mesenchymal stem cells should facilitate the delineation of KSHV-induced oncogenesis. In this report, we have used this model to investigate the metabolic pathways mediating the proliferation and survival of KSHV-transformed cells. In contrast to most other cancers that depend on aerobic glycolysis for their fast growth, we demonstrate that KSHV suppresses aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the transformed cells. Significantly, suppression of aerobic glycolysis enhances the survival of the KSHV-transformed cells under nutrient deprivation. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded microRNAs and vFLIP suppress aerobic glycolysis by activating the NF-κB pathway to downregulate glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. We have further shown that GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibit constitutive activation of the AKT and NF-κB pro-survival pathways. Strikingly, GLUT1 and GLUT3 are significantly downregulated in KSHV-infected cells in human KS tumors. Furthermore, we have detected reduced levels of aerobic glycolysis in several KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines and a KSHV-infected Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line BJAB. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus regulates a key metabolic pathway to adapt to stress in tumor microenvironment, and illustrate the importance of fine-tuning the metabolic pathways for sustaining the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, particularly under nutrient stress microenvironment.
Collapse
|
96
|
Parker AL, Turner N, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. βIII-Tubulin alters glucose metabolism and stress response signaling to promote cell survival and proliferation in glucose-starved non-small cell lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:787-798. [PMID: 27207668 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival rates are dismal and high βIII-tubulin expression is associated with chemotherapy drug resistance and tumor aggressiveness in this disease. Mounting evidence supports a role for βIII-tubulin in promoting cell survival in the harsh tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by poor nutrient supply. This study aimed to investigate the role of βIII-tubulin in glucose stress response signaling and the survival and proliferation of NSCLC cells. This study revealed that βIII-tubulin regulates cellular metabolism and glucose stress response signaling in NSCLC cells to promote cell survival and proliferation in glucose starvation. βIII-Tubulin decreases the reliance of cells on glycolytic metabolism, priming them to cope with variable nutrient supply present within the tumor microenvironment. βIII-Tubulin protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduces both basal and glucose starvation-induced autophagy to maintain cell survival and proliferation. βIII-Tubulin enables rapid Akt activation in response to glucose starvation and co-immunoprecipitates with the master regulator of the ER stress response GRP78. Furthermore, suppression of βIII-tubulin delays the association of GRP78 with Akt in response to glucose starvation with the potential to influence Akt activation and ER homeostasis under these conditions. Together these results identify that βIII-tubulin regulates glucose metabolism and alters glucose starvation stress signaling to promote cell proliferation and survival in NSCLC cells. This elucidates a hitherto unknown role for this microtubule protein and provides insight into correlations between high βIII-tubulin expression and poor patient outcome in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.,Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.,Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.,Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
A role for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting tumour radiation response. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1206-11. [PMID: 27140315 PMCID: PMC4891499 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI may provide prognostic insights into tumour radiation response. This study examined quantitative DCE MRI parameters in rat tumours, as potential biomarkers of tumour growth delay following single high-dose irradiation. METHODS Dunning R3327-AT1 prostate tumours were evaluated by DCE MRI following intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. The next day tumours were irradiated (single dose of 30 Gy), while animals breathed air (n=4) or oxygen (n=4); two animals were non-irradiated controls. Growth was followed and tumour volume-quadrupling time (T4) was compared with pre-irradiation DCE assessments. RESULTS Irradiation caused significant tumour growth delay (T4 ranged from 28 to 48 days for air-breathing rats, and 40 to 75 days for oxygen-breathing rats) compared with the controls (T4=7 to 9 days). A strong correlation was observed between T4 and extravascular-extracellular volume fraction (ve) irrespective of the gas inhaled during irradiation. There was also a correlation between T4 and volume transfer constant (K(trans)) for the air-breathing group alone. CONCLUSIONS The data provide rationale for expanded studies of other tumour sites, types and progressively patients, and are potentially significant, as many patients undergo contrast-enhanced MRI as part of treatment planning.
Collapse
|
98
|
Raes F, Sobilo J, Le Mée M, Rétif S, Natkunarajah S, Lerondel S, Le Pape A. High Resolution Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Lung Cancer in Mice: New Perspectives for Onco-Pharmacology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153532. [PMID: 27070548 PMCID: PMC4829195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We have developed a relevant preclinical model associated with a specific imaging protocol dedicated to onco-pharmacology studies in mice. Materials and Methods We optimized both the animal model and an ultrasound imaging procedure to follow up longitudinally the lung tumor growth in mice. Moreover we proposed to measure by photoacoustic imaging the intratumoral hypoxia, which is a crucial parameter responsible for resistance to therapies. Finally, we compared ultrasound data to x-ray micro computed tomography and volumetric measurements to validate the relevance of this approach on the NCI-H460 human orthotopic lung tumor. Results This study demonstrates the ability of ultrasound imaging to detect and monitor the in vivo orthotopic lung tumor growth by high resolution ultrasound imaging. This approach enabled us to characterize key biological parameters such as oxygenation, perfusion status and vascularization of tumors. Conclusion Such an experimental approach has never been reported previously and it would provide a nonradiative tool for assessment of anticancer therapeutic efficacy in mice. Considering the absence of ultrasound propagation through the lung parenchyma, this strategy requires the implantation of tumors strictly located in the superficial posterior part of the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Raes
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Julien Sobilo
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
| | - Marilyne Le Mée
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
| | - Stéphanie Rétif
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
| | - Sharuja Natkunarajah
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
| | - Stéphanie Lerondel
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
| | - Alain Le Pape
- PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d’Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France
- INSERM U1100, CEPR, University of Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
van Kuijk SJA, Yaromina A, Houben R, Niemans R, Lambin P, Dubois LJ. Prognostic Significance of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:69. [PMID: 27066453 PMCID: PMC4810028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of many solid tumors and an adverse prognostic factor for treatment outcome. Hypoxia increases the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme that is predominantly found on tumor cells and is involved in maintaining the cellular pH balance. Many clinical studies investigated the prognostic value of CAIX expression, but most have been inconclusive, partly due to small numbers of patients included. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed utilizing the results of all clinical studies to determine the prognostic value of CAIX expression in solid tumors. Renal cell carcinoma was excluded from this meta-analysis due to an alternative mechanism of upregulation. 958 papers were identified from a literature search performed in PubMed and Embase. These papers were independently evaluated by two reviewers and 147 studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis revealed strong significant associations between CAIX expression and all endpoints: overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.58–1.98], disease-free survival (HR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.62–2.16), locoregional control (HR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.22–1.93), disease-specific survival (HR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.41–2.25), metastasis-free survival (HR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.33–2.50), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.27–1.96). Subgroup analyses revealed similar associations in the majority of tumor sites and types. In conclusion, these results show that patients having tumors with high CAIX expression have higher risk of locoregional failure, disease progression, and higher risk to develop metastases, independent of tumor type or site. The results of this meta-analysis further support the development of a clinical test to determine patient prognosis based on CAIX expression and may have important implications for the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J A van Kuijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ruud Houben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Timpano S, Uniacke J. Human Cells Cultured under Physiological Oxygen Utilize Two Cap-binding Proteins to recruit Distinct mRNAs for Translation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10772-82. [PMID: 27002144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation is a focal point of translational control and requires the binding of eIF4E to the 5' cap of mRNA. Under conditions of extreme oxygen depletion (hypoxia), human cells repress eIF4E and switch to an alternative cap-dependent translation mediated by a homolog of eIF4E, eIF4E2. This homolog forms a complex with the oxygen-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 2α and can escape translation repression. This complex mediates cap-dependent translation under cell culture conditions of 1% oxygen (to mimic tumor microenvironments), whereas eIF4E mediates cap-dependent translation at 21% oxygen (ambient air). However, emerging evidence suggests that culturing cells in ambient air, or "normoxia," is far from physiological or "normal." In fact, oxygen in human tissues ranges from 1-11% or "physioxia." Here we show that two distinct modes of cap-dependent translation initiation are active during physioxia and act on separate pools of mRNAs. The oxygen-dependent activities of eIF4E and eIF4E2 are elucidated by observing their polysome association and the status of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (eIF4E-dependent) or hypoxia-inducible factor 2α expression (eIF4E2-dependent). We have identified oxygen conditions where eIF4E is the dominant cap-binding protein (21% normoxia or standard cell culture conditions), where eIF4E2 is the dominant cap-binding protein (1% hypoxia or ischemic diseases and cancerous tumors), and where both cap-binding proteins act simultaneously to initiate the translation of distinct mRNAs (1-11% physioxia or during development and stem cell differentiation). These data suggest that the physioxic proteome is generated by initiating translation of mRNAs via two distinct but complementary cap-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Timpano
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James Uniacke
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|