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Ahn J, Bishop JA, Roden RBS, Allen CT, Best SRA. The PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E27-E32. [PMID: 28940446 PMCID: PMC5771441 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment may enable a persistent human papillomavirus infection in the setting of an otherwise normal immune system. We hypothesized that expression of the T-lymphocyte co-inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 would be increased in the recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) microenvironment compared to normal controls. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded respiratory papilloma and normal controls were obtained under institutional review board approval, stained for CD4, CD8, FoxP3, and PD-1, and scored by automated cell count. PD-L1 staining was scored by a blinded pathologist using an adjusted inflammation score that accounted for epithelial and immune infiltrate. RESULTS Thirty-nine RRP cases and seven controls were studied. All immunologic markers demonstrated significantly increased staining in RRP specimens compared to normal controls (all P < .01). PD-1 correlated with both CD4 (P < .0001) and CD8 (P < .001) cell counts. Epithelial staining for PD-L1 (68%) and PD-L1+ infiltrating immune cells (76%) were observed in the majority of papilloma samples. The strongest staining for PD-L1 was usually observed in the basal papilloma layer adjacent to the immunologic infiltrate in the vascular core. Disease severity inversely correlated with CD8 cell counts (P = .01). A correlation between disease severity and other immunologic markers was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Most RRP specimens demonstrate PD-1 T-lymphocyte infiltration and PD-L1 expression on both papilloma and infiltrating immune cells. This study suggests that this checkpoint pathway may be contributing to local immunosuppression in RRP, and opens the door for clinical trials utilizing PD-blocking monoclonal antibodies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 128:E27-E32, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Clint T Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Simon R A Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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Abstract
An important role of the immune system is in the surveillance for abnormal or transformed cells, which is known as cancer immunosurveillance. Through this process, the first changes to normal tissue homeostasis caused by infectious or other inflammatory insults can be detected by the immune system through the recognition of antigenic molecules (including tumour antigens) expressed by abnormal cells. However, as they develop, tumour cells can acquire antigenic and other changes that allow them to escape elimination by the immune system. To bias this process towards elimination, immunosurveillance can be improved by the administration of vaccines based on tumour antigens. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been extensively tested in patients with advanced cancer but have had little clinical success, which has been attributed to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Thus, the administration of preventive vaccines at pre-malignant stages of the disease holds promise, as they function before tumour-associated immune suppression is established. Accordingly, immunological and clinical studies are yielding impressive results.
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de la Fuente J, Garrett CG, Ossoff R, Vinson K, Francis DO, Gelbard A. A Case Series of the Probability Density and Cumulative Distribution of Laryngeal Disease in a Tertiary Care Voice Center. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 126:748-754. [PMID: 28949246 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417728945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the distribution of clinic and operative pathology in a tertiary care laryngology practice. METHODS Probability density and cumulative distribution analyses (Pareto analysis) was used to rank order laryngeal conditions seen in an outpatient tertiary care laryngology practice and those requiring surgical intervention during a 3-year period. RESULTS Among 3783 new clinic consultations and 1380 operative procedures, voice disorders were the most common primary diagnostic category seen in clinic (n = 3223), followed by airway (n = 374) and swallowing (n = 186) disorders. Within the voice strata, the most common primary ICD-9 code used was dysphonia (41%), followed by unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) (9%) and cough (7%). Among new voice patients, 45% were found to have a structural abnormality. The most common surgical indications were laryngotracheal stenosis (37%), followed by recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (18%) and UVFP (17%). CONCLUSIONS Nearly 55% of patients presenting to a tertiary referral laryngology practice did not have an identifiable structural abnormality in the larynx on direct or indirect examination. The distribution of ICD-9 codes requiring surgical intervention was disparate from that seen in clinic. Application of the Pareto principle may improve resource allocation in laryngology, but these initial results require confirmation across multiple institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime de la Fuente
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Gaelyn Garrett
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert Ossoff
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim Vinson
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David O Francis
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander Gelbard
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Que Y, Xiao W, Guan YX, Liang Y, Yan SM, Chen HY, Li QQ, Xu BS, Zhou ZW, Zhang X. PD-L1 Expression Is Associated with FOXP3+ Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Poor Patient Prognosis. J Cancer 2017; 8:2018-2025. [PMID: 28819402 PMCID: PMC5559963 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) functions as a negative mediator of immune response through different pathways in anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have reported that PD-L1 plays a pivotal role in the function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Although increases in FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration and PD-L1 expression have been revealed in several cancers, their correlation with soft tissue sarcoma remains unknown. Methods: We included 163 cases of soft tissue sarcoma who were diagnosed and underwent extensive and radical resection at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, from 2000-2010. PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between their expressions and associations with clinicopathological features were studied. Results: Among 163 STS samples, 19 (11.7%) exhibited PD-L1 positivity, and 41 (25.2%) cases expressed high FOXP3+ Treg infiltration. Significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and FOXP3+Treg infiltration in STS was identified (r=0.450, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade and the age of patients, while the presence of FOXP3+ in tumor infiltrating Tregs was significantly associated with the age of patients, high tumor stage, higher tumor grade and tumor depth. Multivariate analysis revealed PD-L1 and FOXP3 as independent prognostic indicators significantly associated with OS and DFS. Conclusions: Our study revealed that PD-L1 and FOXP3+Tregs may work synergistically in promoting immune evasion of the tumors in soft tissue sarcoma. A combined strategy to block PD-L1/PD-1 with simultaneous depletion of Tregs may show promise in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Que
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Guan
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huo-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bu-Shu Xu
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Kouketsu A, Sato I, Oikawa M, Shimizu Y, Saito H, Takahashi T, Kumamoto H. Expression of immunoregulatory molecules PD-L1 and PD-1 in oral cancer and precancerous lesions: A cohort study of Japanese patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 47:33-40. [PMID: 30466788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An association of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 with various types of malignant tumors has been established. This study aimed to investigate the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial precursor lesions (OEPL). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 106 OSCC and 79 OEPL specimens for PD-L1 and PD-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with clinicopathological features of OSCC patients. RESULTS In OSCC and OEPL specimens, PD-L1 expression was detected predominantly in epithelial or carcinoma cells, whereas PD-1 expression was found mainly in infiltrating or stromal lymphocytes. Seventy-two OSCC (67.9%) and 21 OEPL (26.6%) specimens were positive for PD-L1, and 73 OSCC (68.9%) and 23 OEPL (29.2%) specimens were positive for PD-1. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression levels were significantly different between OEPL and OSCC specimens (P < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in OEPL and OSCC specimens (P < 0.001). PD-L1 and PD-1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with tumor size (P < 0.05). PD-L1 and PD-1 immunoreactivity in cases with advanced TNM staging was significantly higher than that in low staging cases (P < 0.01). There were significant correlations between PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in OSCC specimens and pathological variables such as stromal lymphocytic reaction (P < 0.05) and invasion depth (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION PD-L1 and PD-1 immunohistochemical status may be related to carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis in oral epithelial lesions. Agents targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 might be useful for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumu Kouketsu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Tetsu Takahashi), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center (Head of the institution: Ikuro Sato), 47-1 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Mariko Oikawa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Hiroyuki Kumamoto), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinaka Shimizu
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Hiroyuki Kumamoto), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Tetsu Takahashi), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Tetsu Takahashi), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumamoto
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry (Head of the institution: Hiroyuki Kumamoto), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Kwon TK, Chung EJ, Lee N, Roh EY, Song EY. Associations of FoxP3 gene polymorphisms with severe recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Korean patients. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:21. [PMID: 28298239 PMCID: PMC5353865 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FoxP3 is the most dependable marker for regulatory T cells which play a major role in immune tolerance. Foxp3 gene polymorphisms were associated with various autoimmune diseases and clearance of viral infections. We studied the association of Foxp3 polymorphisms in severe RRP patients. Methods A total of 30 Korean severe RRP patients and 195 healthy controls were enrolled. Foxp3 polymorphisms (rs5902434 del/ATT, rs3761548 C/A, rs3761549 C/T, and rs2232365 G/A) were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results Genotype frequencies (GF) of rs5902434 ATT/ATT and rs2232365 GG were significantly decreased in female RRP patients than controls (0.0% vs 23.0%, p = 0.039, OR = 9.4 for both). Conclusions We showed that Foxp3 polymorphism of rs5902434 and rs2232365 could be an important protective factor in the susceptibility of severe RRP in female Koreans. Further studies on larger number of patients and other ethnic groups are needed to clarify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tack-Kyun Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jae Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Levingston CA, Young MRI. Transient immunological and clinical effectiveness of treating mice bearing premalignant oral lesions with PD-1 antibodies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1609-1619. [PMID: 27914100 PMCID: PMC5324681 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A carcinogen-induced premalignant oral lesion model that progresses to oral cancer was used to examine the impact of blocking PD-1 on cytokine expression and on progression of lesions to cancer. The results of this study show increased production of IL-2 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α by spleen cells of lesion-bearing mice that were treated with PD-1 antibody for 1 week compared to cytokine production by spleen cells of lesion-bearing mice treated with control antibody. Production of IFN-γ increased at 3 weeks of PD-1 antibody treatment, although production of the other Th1 and inflammatory mediators declined. By 5 weeks, levels of these cytokines declined for both control and PD-1 antibody-treated mice. Flow cytometric analysis for IFN-γ-expressing cells showed shifts in CD4+ cells expressing IFN-γ consistent with the changes in cytokine secretion. Whether or not treatment generated reactivity to lesions or HNSCC was determined. Spleen cells from PD-1 antibody-treated mice were stimulated by lysates of premalignant lesion and HNSCC tongue tissues to produce increased levels of Th1 and select inflammatory cytokines early in the course of PD-1 antibody treatment. However, with continued treatment, reactivity to lesion and HNSCC lysates declined. Analysis of clinical response to treatment suggested an early delay in lesion progression but, with continued treatment, lesions in PD-1 antibody-treated mice progressed to the same degree as in control antibody-treated mice. Overall, these results show an early beneficial response to PD-1 antibody treatment, which then fails with continued treatment and lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Rita I Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Young MRI. Redirecting the focus of cancer immunotherapy to premalignant conditions. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:83-88. [PMID: 28130162 PMCID: PMC5925415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in introducing immunological treatment approaches for cancer, with lessons learned from both the successes and failures of immunotherapy. Among the challenges of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer are the multitudes of mechanisms by which cancers are known to subvert the immune defenses. This has led to the incorporation into the immunotherapeutic arsenal strategies by which to overcome the cancer’s immunological blockades. What has been only superficially explored is the immunological milieu of premalignant lesions and the possibility of immunological approaches for the treatment of premalignant lesions so as to prevent secondary premalignant lesions and their progression to cancer. This review discusses the immunological environment associated with premalignant lesions, and the possible missed opportunity of utilizing immunological treatment strategies in the less hostile environment of premalignant lesions as compared to the immune subversive cancer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita I Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Abstract
The epithelium is part of an integrated immune system where cytokines, toll-like receptors and their ligands, and extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in initiating an innate immune response. IL-36γ is a pro-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family that is mainly expressed by epithelial cells, but regulation of its expression and release are only beginning to be understood. Previous studies reported that IL-36γ is abundant in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, a rare but devastating disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 6 and 11, in which papillomas recurrently grow in and block the airway. Despite the overexpression of IL-36γ, papilloma tissues show no evidence of inflammation, possibly due to suppression of its release by HPVs. We have used primary human foreskin keratinocytes as a model to study IL-36γ regulation in normal epithelial cells. Low doses of poly(I:C) mediate expression and release of IL-36γ without inducing the cell death reported by those using high doses. PKR, an enzyme required for inflammasome activation, does not contribute to controlled release of IL36γ. The keratinocytes secrete IL-36γ in two forms, soluble and in extracellular vesicles. We conclude that there are two separately regulated pathways for the controlled secretion of IL-36γ from keratinocytes, which could contribute to the modulation of both local and systemic immune responses to viruses and other pathogens.
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Addeo R, Caraglia M, Iuliano G. Pembrolizumab: the value of PDL1 biomarker in head and neck cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1075-8. [PMID: 27408990 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1211635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Addeo
- a U.O. Oncologia, ASL NA2 NORD , Department of Oncology , Frattamaggiore , Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- b Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Giada Iuliano
- c Merck Sharp Dohme , Department of Oncology , Milan , Italy
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Epidemiology of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-016-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mangino G, Chiantore MV, Iuliano M, Fiorucci G, Romeo G. Inflammatory microenvironment and human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:103-11. [PMID: 27021827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 15% of the global cancer burden is attributable to infectious agents. Pathogens that cause persistent infections are strongly associated with cancer, inflammation being a major component of the chronic infections as revealed by basic, clinical and epidemiological studies. Persistent infection and viral oncoproteins induce specific cellular pathways modifications that promote tumorigenesis. Deregulated and continuous immune response leads to severe tissue and systemic damage, impaired tumor surveillance and consequent carcinogenesis promotion by selecting for metastatic and therapeutically resistant tumor phenotypes. In this review, the role of inflammatory microenvironment in the HPV-induced carcinogenesis is addressed, with a specific focus on the involvement of the immune molecules and microRNAs as well as their delivery through the microvesicle cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Chiantore
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gianna Fiorucci
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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Papasavvas E, Surrey LF, Glencross DK, Azzoni L, Joseph J, Omar T, Feldman MD, Williamson AL, Siminya M, Swarts A, Yin X, Liu Q, Firnhaber C, Montaner LJ. High-risk oncogenic HPV genotype infection associates with increased immune activation and T cell exhaustion in ART-suppressed HIV-1-infected women. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1128612. [PMID: 27467943 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1128612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical disease in the context of HIV co-infection can be influenced by introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sustained immune activation despite ART. We conducted a cross-sectional study in order to evaluate immune activation/exhaustion in ART-suppressed HIV(+) women with or without high-risk (HR) HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). 55 South African women were recruited in three groups: HR (-) (n = 16) and HR (+) (n = 15) HPV with negative cervical histopathology, and HR (+) HPV with CIN grade 1/2/3 (n = 24). Sampling included endocervical brushing (HPV DNA genotyping), Pap smear (cytology), colposcopic punch biopsy (histopathology, histochemical evaluation of immune cells), and peripheral blood (clinical assessment, flow cytometry-based immune subset characterization). Statistics were done using R2.5.1. Irrespective of the presence of CIN, HR (+) HPV women had higher circulating levels of T cells expressing markers of activation/exhaustion (CD38, PD1, CTLA-4, BTLA, CD160), Tregs, and myeloid subsets expressing corresponding ligands (PDL1, PDL2, CD86, CD40, HVEM) than HR (-) HPV women. A decrease in circulating NK cells was associated with CIN grade. CD4(+) T cell count associated negatively with T cell exhaustion and expression of negative regulators on myeloid cells. Women with CIN when compared to HR (-) HPV women, had higher cervical cell density in stroma and epithelium for CD4(+), CD68(+), and CD11c(+) cells, and only in stroma for CD8(+) cells. We conclude that in ART-suppressed HIV-infected women with HPV co-infection the levels of T and myeloid cell activation/exhaustion are associated with the presence of HR HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea F Surrey
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah K Glencross
- Faculty of Health Science Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Tanvier Omar
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maureen Siminya
- Faculty of Health Science Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Avril Swarts
- Faculty of Health Science Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Firnhaber
- Faculty of Health Science Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Muto S, Owada Y, Inoue T, Watanabe Y, Yamaura T, Fukuhara M, Okabe N, Matsumura Y, Hasegawa T, Osugi J, Hoshino M, Higuchi M, Suzuki H, Gotoh M. Clinical significance of expanded Foxp3⁺ Helios⁻ regulatory T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2082-90. [PMID: 26460798 PMCID: PMC4665856 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of different regulatory T cell (Treg) types in cancer progression are unclear. Recently, expression of the transcription factor Helios was proposed as a marker for natural (non-induced) Tregs. The present study investigated the clinical significance of Helios expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We enrolled 64 patients with NSCLC, of whom 45 were treated surgically and 19 received chemotherapy because of advanced/recurrent disease. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined by flow cytometry. From the 45 surgery patients, we matched 9 patients with recurrent disease with 9 stage-matched patients without recurrence (n=18), compared their specimens immunohistochemically for tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and analyzed these data against clinicopathological factors. Helios expression in Foxp3+ Tregs was 47.5±13.3% in peripheral blood and 18.1±13.4% in tumor specimens. Percentage of Helios− Tregs among CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in the cancer patients (2.4%), especially those with stage IA disease (2.6%) than in healthy donors (1.5%; P<0.001). Patients with low levels of Helios expression in Tregs among their TILs had significantly poorer survival (P=0.038). Helios− Tregs may affect immune suppression, even in early stage NSCLC; they could also be a useful prognostic biomarker in patients with NSCLC, and possibly a novel cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muto
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuki Owada
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaura
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Fukuhara
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okabe
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takeo Hasegawa
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jun Osugi
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mika Hoshino
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Higuchi
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Gotoh
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a diverse group of malignancies that includes an increasing number of virally mediated cancers in addition to tumors caused by tobacco and alcohol use. In both cases, tumor development is intimately related to the host immune system, and the status of an endogenous antitumor response is likely prognostic. Virally mediated cancers provide unique targets for preventive vaccines that generate immune responses directed against virus-associated antigens. Once head and neck tumors develop, they are commonly treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. These treatments are associated with significant toxicities, and despite this, subgroups of patients respond poorly and are likely to relapse and die of their disease. Tumor immunotherapy may allow for improvements in both treatment-associated toxicity and outcome. In addition to providing specific targets for therapeutic vaccines and adoptive therapy, virally associated cancers may also be particularly dependent on immune checkpoints; therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitors are being actively tested for these diseases. Cancers that are not virally mediated may also respond to immunotherapies, and biomarkers that could predict response to immunotherapy irrespective of viral status are being evaluated. Multiple ongoing studies are testing benefits of immunotherapy in the management of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Early promising results pave the way for future studies that will expand testing to nonmetastatic diseases and other types of head and neck cancers. Prospects of combining various immunotherapies and more established treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are very intriguing and may provide synergistic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11 are part of a large family of small DNA viruses, some of which are commensal. Although much of the population can contain or clear infection with these viruses, there is a subset of individuals who develop persistent infection that can cause significant morbidity and on occasion mortality. Depending on the site of infection, patients chronically infected with these viruses develop either recurrent, and on occasion, severe genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomas that can obstruct the upper airway. The HPV-induced diseases described are likely the result of a complex and localized immune suppressive milieu that is characteristic of patients with persistent HPV infection. We review data that documents impaired Langerhans cell responses and maturation, describes the polarized adaptive T-cell immune responses made to these viruses, and the expression of class select II MHC and KIR genes that associate with severe HPV6 and 11 induced disease. Finally, we review evidence that documents the polarization of functional TH2 and T-regulatory T-cells in tissues persistently infected with HPV6 and 11, and we review evidence that there is suppression of natural killer cell function. Together, these altered innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the cellular and humoral microenvironment that supports HPV 6 and 11-induced disease.
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Carifi M, Napolitano D, Morandi M, Dall'Olio D. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: current and future perspectives. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:731-8. [PMID: 25999724 PMCID: PMC4427257 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s81825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a benign disease of the upper aerodigestive tract caused by infection with human papillomavirus, the disease process is unpredictable, ranging from mild disease and spontaneous remission to an aggressive disease with pulmonary spread and requirement for frequent surgical debulking procedures. It can present a protracted clinical course and cause potentially life-threatening compromise of the airways. Over recent decades, a number of alternative medical therapies to standard surgical treatment have been investigated, with modest outcomes overall. Currently, some additional therapies are being explored, together with novel surgical instrumentation that can help to avoid inevitable long-term stenotic complications, ultimately affecting quality of life. Hopefully, clinicians might soon be able to significantly improve the quality of treatment and outcomes for patients affected with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, with human papillomavirus vaccination having a potentially important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carifi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale A Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Napolitano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale A Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Morando Morandi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale A Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Dall'Olio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ospedale Maggiore CA Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
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La X, Zhang F, Li Y, Li J, Guo Y, Zhao H, Pang N, Ma X, Wen H, Fan H, Ding J. Upregulation of PD-1 on CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells is associated with immunosuppression in liver of mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:357-66. [PMID: 25907244 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) infection. The relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and Tregs at different stages of E. multilocularis infection has rarely been reported. This study aims to investigate the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunosuppression of Tregs in E. multilocularis infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR analysis, cytometric bead array and MTT assay were used to analyze liver pathological changes, percentages of PD-1(+) Tregs and PD-L1(+) dendritic cells (DCs), expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1 and Foxp3, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and proliferation of lymphocytes. During middle-late stage (day 30 to day 330) the percentages of PD-1(+) Tregs and PD-L1(+) DCs together with levels of Foxp3, IL-10 and TGF-β increased significantly and maintained at high level. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was increased with the enlarging erosion of E. multilocularis, and was mainly distributed in hepatic sinus, fibrous wall of alveolar hydatid and germinal layer around foci of infection. PD-1/PD-L1 promoted the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β. Our results indicate that engagement of the PD-1 and PD-L1 correlates with inhibition of T-cell effector function, cytokine secretion and proliferation. High expression of PD-1/PD-L1 may play an important role in stimulating CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, and maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune evasion during chronic infection of E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin La
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuyuan Guo
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nannan Pang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 251 Xining Road, 810000, Xi-ning, Qinghai, China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Hydatid Fundamental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, 830011,Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University 393 Xinyi Road, 830011, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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69
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Young DL, Moore MM, Halstead LA. The use of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (gardasil) as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papilloma. J Voice 2015; 29:223-9. [PMID: 25619468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine, Gardasil, on the disease course of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with RRP was conducted and 20 patients were selected who had received the Gardasil vaccine as part of their treatment. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the intersurgical interval (ISI) before and after receiving the vaccine, as well as number of complete and partial remissions. RESULTS Analysis of all patients found a significant increase in the ISI of 3.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-5.19, P=0.0061). Male patients experienced an increase in the ISI of 4.2 months (95% CI: 1.6-6.7, P=0.0048). Female patients had a nonsignificant increase in ISI of 1.2 months (95% CI: 3.1-5.4, P=0.51). Eight patients (40%; six male and two female) experienced complete remission. Five patients (25%) overall (three male and two female) experienced partial remission. In total, complete or partial remission was achieved in a total of 13 (65%) patients (nine male and four female). CONCLUSIONS The Gardasil vaccine can modulate the severity of RRP and induce remission in some patients. The effect was much greater in males and in females in low estrogen states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Young
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael M Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lucinda A Halstead
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, MUSC Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice & Swallowing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, MUSC Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice & Swallowing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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70
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Parikh F, Duluc D, Imai N, Clark A, Misiukiewicz K, Bonomi M, Gupta V, Patsias A, Parides M, Demicco EG, Zhang DY, Kim-Schulze S, Kao J, Gnjatic S, Oh S, Posner MR, Sikora AG. Chemoradiotherapy-induced upregulation of PD-1 antagonizes immunity to HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7205-16. [PMID: 25320012 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While viral antigens in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) are attractive targets for immunotherapy, the effects of existing standard-of-care therapies on immune responses to HPV are poorly understood. We serially sampled blood from patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy. Circulating immunocytes including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were profiled by flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were measured in response to HPV16 E6 and E7 peptide pools. The role of PD-1 signaling in treatment-related immunosuppression was functionally defined by performing HPV-specific T-cell assays in the presence of blocking antibody. While HPV-specific T-cell responses were present in 13 of 18 patients before treatment, 10 of 13 patients lost these responses within 3 months after chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy decreased circulating T cells and markedly elevated MDSCs. PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells increased by nearly 2.5-fold after chemoradiotherapy, and ex vivo culture with PD-1-blocking antibody enhanced HPV-specific T-cell responses in 8 of 18 samples tested. Chemoradiotherapy suppresses circulating immune responses in patients with HPVOPC by unfavorably altering effector:suppressor immunocyte ratios and upregulating PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells. These data strongly support testing of PD-1-blocking agents in combination with standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy for HPVOPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Naoko Imai
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amelia Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Krzys Misiukiewicz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marcello Bonomi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Patsias
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Parides
- Health Evidence and Policy, Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Johnny Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sangkon Oh
- Baylor Institute of Immunology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marshall R Posner
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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71
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DeVoti J, Hatam L, Lucs A, Afzal A, Abramson A, Steinberg B, Bonagura V. Decreased Langerhans cell responses to IL-36γ: altered innate immunity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Mol Med 2014; 20:372-80. [PMID: 24950037 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, chronic disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) types 6 and 11 that is characterized by the polarization of adaptive immune responses that support persistent HPV infection. Respiratory papillomas express elevated mRNA levels of IL-36γ, a proinflammatory cytokine in comparison to autologous clinically normal laryngeal tissues; however there is no evidence of inflammation in these lesions. Consistent with this, respiratory papillomas do not contain TH1-like CD4(+) T-cells or cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells, but instead contain a predominance of TH2-like and T regulatory cells (Tregs). In addition, papillomas also are infiltrated with immature Langerhans cells (iLCs). In this study, we show that papilloma cells express IL-36γ protein, and that human keratinocytes transduced with HPV11 have reduced IL-36γ secretion. We now provide the first evidence that peripheral blood-derived iLCs respond to IL-36γ by expressing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. When stimulated with IL-36γ, iLCs from patients with RRP had lower expression levels of the TH2-like chemokine CCL-20 as compared with controls. Patients' iLCs also had decreased steady state levels of CCL-1, which is a proinflammatory chemokine. Moreover, CCL-1 levels in iLCs inversely correlated with the severity of RRP. The combined decrease of TH1- and a TH2-like chemokines by iLCs from patients could have consequences in the priming of IFN-γ expression by CD8(+) T-cells. Taken together, our results suggest that, in RRP, there is a defect in the proinflammatory innate immune responses made by iLCs in response to IL-36γ. The consequence of this defect may lead to persistent HPV infection by failing to support an effective HPV-specific, TH1-like and/or Tc1-like adaptive response, thus resulting in the predominant TH2-like and/or Treg micromilieu present in papillomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James DeVoti
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Lynda Hatam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Lucs
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Afzal
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Allan Abramson
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Bettie Steinberg
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent Bonagura
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
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Gasparoto TH, de Souza Malaspina TS, Damante JH, de Mello EF, Ikoma MRV, Garlet GP, Costa MRSN, Cavassani KA, da Silva JS, Campanelli AP. Regulatory T cells in the actinic cheilitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:754-60. [PMID: 25060152 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an oral potentially malignant lesion which is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and has potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in modulating the antitumor immune responses. The presence of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions has not been described. We chose investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions. METHODS The frequency, phenotype, and activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from blood and lesion of AC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Data were compared with samples from healthy subjects. RESULTS The frequency and suppressor activity of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells was similar in AC patients and control subjects. However, the frequencies of IL-10-positive Tregs were higher in AC patients, and these cells inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and increased interleukin (IL)-10 productions in co-cultures. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+ T cells accumulate in AC lesions. Lesions-derived regulatory T cells suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, high levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and low IFN-γ were detected in the potentially malignant lesions. CONCLUSION Therefore, our data show that Tregs accumulate in AC lesions, and these cells could be suppressing immune responses in a potentially malignant microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Jackson CM, Lim M, Drake CG. Immunotherapy for brain cancer: recent progress and future promise. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3651-9. [PMID: 24771646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as the newest pillar of cancer treatment, with the potential to assume a place alongside surgical debulking, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Early experiences with antitumor vaccines demonstrated the feasibility and potential efficacy of this approach, and newer agents, such as immune checkpoint blocking antibodies and modern vaccine platforms, have ushered in a new era. These efforts are headlined by work in melanoma, prostate cancer, and renal cell carcinoma; however, substantial progress has been achieved in a variety of other cancers, including high-grade gliomas. A recurrent theme of this work is that immunotherapy is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Rather, dynamic, tumor-specific interactions within the tumor microenvironment continually shape the immunologic balance between tumor elimination and escape. High-grade gliomas are a particularly fascinating example. These aggressive, universally fatal tumors are highly resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and inevitably recur after surgical resection. Located in the immune-privileged central nervous system, high-grade gliomas also use an array of defenses that serve as direct impediments to immune attack. Despite these challenges, vaccines have shown activity against high-grade gliomas, and anecdotal, preclinical, and early clinical data bolster the notion that durable remission is possible with immunotherapy. Realizing this potential, however, will require an approach tailored to the unique aspects of glioma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lim
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | - Charles G Drake
- Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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74
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Hou J, Yu Z, Xiang R, Li C, Wang L, Chen S, Li Q, Chen M, Wang L. Correlation between infiltration of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and expression of B7-H1 in the tumor tissues of gastric cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:284-91. [PMID: 24657498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that the expansion of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) plays a pivotal role in immunological evasion of tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that a majority of tumor cells overexpress B7-H1, and this overexpression is associated with poor disease prognosis. Although an increase of T(regs) and B7-H1 has been revealed in several malignancies, their correlation in gastric cancer has not been studied. METHODS Tumor sections from 111 gastric cancer patients were stained for FOXP3 and B7-H1 by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of these two molecules were statistically associated with various factors involved in disease progression and prognosis. The correlation between their expression levels was analyzed. RESULTS The infiltration of FOXP3(+) T(regs) and expression of B7-H1 were observed in gastric cancer tissues, and there was a highly significant correlation between these two molecules (P < 0.01). The expression of FOXP3(+) T(regs) and B7-H1 was associated with lymph node metastasis and the clinicopathological stage and prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The expression levels of these two determinants in patients with lymph node metastasis and an advanced clinicopathological stage were distinctly higher (P < 0.05). The patients with enhanced expression of FOXP3(+) T(regs) and B7-H1 exhibited a lower overall survival rate and a worse prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of FOXP3(+) T(regs) and B7-H1 was observed in gastric cancer tissues; the two molecules were closely correlated with each other, suggesting that they might be used as new biomarkers to predict the disease progression and prognosis. Combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches based on depleting the T(regs) and blocking B7-H1 might improve therapeutic efficacy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hou
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Yu
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rengyun Xiang
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuqiang Li
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Chen
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linyun Wang
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Pen JJ, Keersmaecker BD, Heirman C, Corthals J, Liechtenstein T, Escors D, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. Interference with PD-L1/PD-1 co-stimulation during antigen presentation enhances the multifunctionality of antigen-specific T cells. Gene Ther 2014; 21:262-71. [PMID: 24401835 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The release of cytokines by T cells strongly defines their functional activity in vivo. The ability to produce multiple cytokines has been associated with beneficial immune responses in cancer and infectious diseases, while their progressive loss is associated with T-cell exhaustion, senescence and anergy. Consequently, strategies that enhance the multifunctional status of T cells are a key for immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that regulate T-cell functions by providing positive and negative co-stimulatory signals. A key negative regulator of T-cell activity is provided by binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on activated T cells, to its ligand PD-L1, expressed on DCs. We investigated the impact of interfering with PD-L1/PD-1 co-stimulation on the multifunctionality of T cells, by expression of the soluble extracellular part of PD-1 (sPD-1) or PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in human monocyte-derived DCs during antigen presentation. Expression, secretion and binding of these soluble molecules after mRNA electroporation were demonstrated. Modification of DCs with sPD-1 or sPD-L1 mRNA resulted in increased levels of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 and a distinct cytokine profile, characterized by the secretion of IL-10 and TNF-α, respectively. Co-expression in DCs of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 with influenza virus nuclear protein 1 (Flu NP1) stimulated Flu NP1 memory T cells, with a significantly higher number of multifunctional T cells and increased cytokine secretion, while it did not induce regulatory T cells. These data provide a rationale for the inclusion of interfering sPD-1 or sPD-L1 in DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Pen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B D Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Corthals
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Liechtenstein
- 1] Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK [2] Navarrabiomed-FMS, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Escors
- 1] Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK [2] Navarrabiomed-FMS, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - K Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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76
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Shi SJ, Wang LJ, Wang GD, Guo ZY, Wei M, Meng YL, Yang AG, Wen WH. B7-H1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma and regulates the proliferation and invasion of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76012. [PMID: 24124529 PMCID: PMC3790819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background And Objective The investigation concerning the B7-H1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is at an early stage. It is unclear whether B7-H1 expression may have diagnostic or prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma. Additionally, how B7-H1 is associated with the clinical features of colorectal carcinoma is not known. In order to investigate the relationship between B7-H1 and colorectal cancer, we analyzed B7-H1 expression and its effect in clinical specimens and HCT116 cells. Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens from 143 eligible patients were used to investigate the expression of CD274 by immunohistochemistry. We also examined whether B7-H1 itself may be related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in colon cancer HCT116 cells. Results Our results show that B7-H1 was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and was significantly associated with cell differentiation status and TNM (Tumor Node Metastasis) stage. Patients with positive B7-H1 expression showed a trend of shorter survival time. Using multivariate analysis, we demonstrate that positive B7-H1 expression is an independent predictor of colorectal carcinoma prognosis. Our results indicate that B7-H1 silencing with siRNA inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was also increased by B7-H1 inhibition. Conclusions Positive B7-H1 expression is an independent predictor for colorectal carcinoma prognosis. Moreover, knockdown of B7-H1 can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Comprehensive Medicine, 323 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang-Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan-Ling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (AY)
| | - Wei-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (AY)
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77
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Drug of the year: programmed death-1 receptor/programmed death-1 ligand-1 receptor monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2968-71. [PMID: 23907003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)/its ligand (PD-L1) antibodies have changed the landscape in oncology in 2013. The most mature results have been obtained in advanced melanoma patients. They indicate important response rates and high quality responses or prolonged duration. Also in renal cancer and in lung cancer remarkable activity has been demonstrated. Thus it is clear that these antibodies have a very broad potential and trials in many tumour types are being initiated. Breaking tolerance at the tumour site is a potent phenomenon and the potential for synergy with other checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab have also been demonstrated in 2013. Long term tumour control now seems achievable and thus the concept of a clinical cure is emerging by modulation of the immune system. These antibodies bring immunotherapy to the forefront and indicate that immune-modulation will be a key component of therapeutic strategies from now on. Because of all these reasons PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies are considered 'drug of the year'.
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78
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Lee CJ, Allen CT, Merati AL. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its impact on disease severity in adult recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:603-7. [PMID: 23851281 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) develops secondary to dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common medical disorder; these patients are considered to be relatively immunocompromised. It is hypothesized that comorbid DM occurs more frequently than expected in a cohort of adult RRP patients and that RRP patients with DM have more severe disease than those without DM. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care laryngology practice, 5-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Adult-onset RRP patients from 2007 to 2012 at the University of Washington were reviewed. The gender, age of onset of RRP, number of interventions, pathology, presence or absence of DM, and calculated anatomic Derkay severity score were recorded. RESULTS Eighty-four adult RRP patients were characterized; 64 male (76%) and 20 female (24%). Six of 84 patients (7.1%) had DM; this prevalence was not higher than an age-matched general population. The number of interventions required for disease control did not significantly differ (P = .13) between adult RRP patients with DM (avg 2.6/yr, median 2.3/year) and those without DM (avg 1.9/yr, median 1.3/yr). There was no significant difference in anatomic Derkay score at the time of intervention (P = .26) or presence of dysplasia in biopsy specimens (P = .49) between RRP patients with and without DM. CONCLUSIONS In this large series of adult RRP patients, DM does not appear to have a higher prevalence than that seen in age-matched controls, nor do RRP patients with DM appear to have more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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79
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Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-dependent functional impairment of CD4(+) T cells in recurrent genital papilloma. Clin Exp Med 2013; 14:305-13. [PMID: 23824147 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genital papilloma is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and recurs frequently. Although T cells are known to play a critical role in the control of HPV infection and papilloma development, the function and phenotype of these cells in the lesion remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the function and phenotype of CD4(+) T cells isolated from the lesions of primary (n = 9) and recurrent (n = 11) genital papillomas. In recurrent papillomas, the frequency of proliferating (Ki-67(+)) CD4(+) T cells was significantly reduced compared with primary papillomas. Cytokine production was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining in anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated CD4(+) T cells. CD4(+) T cells from recurrent lesions showed impaired production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Of interest, the frequency of cytokine-producing CD4(+) T cells significantly correlated with the frequency of Ki-67(+)CD4(+) T cells. We also studied expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1), a T-cell exhaustion marker. The frequency of PD-1(+)CD4(+) T cells was significantly increased in recurrent lesions and inversely correlated with the frequency of cytokine-producing CD4(+) T cells. The functional significance of PD-1 expression was determined in blocking assays with anti-PD-L1, which restored cytokine production of CD4(+) T cells from recurrent lesions. Taken together, in recurrent genital papilloma lesions, proliferation, and cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells are impaired and the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is responsible for the functional impairment of CD4(+) T cells.
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80
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Differential control of Helios(+/-) Treg development by monocyte subsets through disparate inflammatory cytokines. Blood 2013; 121:2494-502. [PMID: 23365462 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-11-469122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in control of autoimmunity and pathological immune responses. Helios, the Ikarus family transcription factor, binds to the Foxp3 promoter, stabilizing its expression, and is expressed in 70% of peripheral Tregs of healthy individuals. This frequency is altered during malignancy, infection, and autoimmunity, although the mechanisms that control proliferation and relative numbers of Helios(+/-) Tregs remain largely unknown. Using a T-cell-monocyte in vitro stimulation assay, we now show that proliferation of Helios(+) Tregs is inhibited by CD16(+) monocyte subset. Antibody blocking with anti-interleukin (IL)-12 reversed this inhibition, whereas addition of IL-12 suppressed Helios(+) Treg expansion, indicating that CD16(+) monocyte control of Helios(+) Treg numbers is mediated through IL-12. In contrast, proliferation of Helios(-) Tregs, which express higher levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), was suppressed by TNF-α, whereas anti-TNF-α and anti-TNFRII reversed the inhibition. CD16(-) monocyte subset was mainly responsible for TNF-α-mediated control of Helios(-) Treg expansion. Altogether, these data suggest a differential role for monocyte subsets in control of Helios(+/-) Treg development that is mediated by distinct inflammatory cytokines. These data may have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis as well as control of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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81
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Rosenthal DW, DeVoti JA, Steinberg BM, Abramson AL, Bonagura VR. T(H)2-like chemokine patterns correlate with disease severity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Mol Med 2012; 18:1338-45. [PMID: 23019074 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), characterized by the recurrent growth of benign tumors of the respiratory tract, is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), predominantly types 6 and 11. Surgical removal of these lesions can be required as frequently as every 3 to 4 wks to maintain a patent airway. There is no approved medical treatment for this disease. In this study, we have characterized the T(H)2-like chemokine profile (CCL17, CCL18, CCL20, CCL22) in patients with RRP and asked whether it was modulated in patients who had achieved significant clinical improvement. CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were increased in papillomas compared with clinically normal laryngeal epithelium of the RRP patients. Overall, CCL20 mRNA expression was not increased, but there was intense, selective CCL20 protein expression in the basal layer of the papillomas. Patients with RRP expressed more CCL17 (p = 0.003), CCL18 (p = 0.0003), and CCL22 (p = 0.007) in their plasma than controls. Plasma CCL18 decreased over time in three patients enrolled in a pilot clinical trial of celecoxib, and the decrease occurred in conjunction with clinical improvement. There was a significant correlation between sustained clinical remission in additional patients with RRP and reduced levels of CCL17 (p = 0.01), CCL22 (p = 0.002) and CCL18 (p = 0.05). Thus, the change in expression of these three plasma T(H)2-like chemokines may, with future studies, prove to serve as a useful biomarker for predicting disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Rosenthal
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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