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Gałczyński K, Jóźwik M, Lewkowicz D, Semczuk-Sikora A, Semczuk A. Ovarian endometrioma - a possible finding in adolescent girls and young women: a mini-review. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:104. [PMID: 31699129 PMCID: PMC6839067 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Young girls before menarche or menstruating adolescent women may experience long-term drug-resistant chronic pelvic pain, as well as other symptoms associated with pelvic mass. In such cases, it is of great importance to consider ovarian endometrioma in the differential diagnosis. In general, endometrioma is recognized as an ovarian cyst. However, in most cases, the pathology represents pseudocyst with a partial or complete endometrial-like lining with extraovarian adhesions and endometriotic implants which are likely to occur at the sites of ovarian adhesions and at the ceiling of the ovarian fossa. Ovarian endometriomas occur in 17–44% patients with endometriosis and account for 35% of all benign ovarian cysts. The time span from the onset of menarche to the time of endometrioma formation, which requires surgical intervention, has been evaluated to be a minimum of 4 years. The pathogenesis of early-life endometrioma may be different from other types of endometriosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in adolescents, who tend to wait too long before seeking professional help. The three specific aims of treatment in adolescents with endometriosis and endometriomas are control of symptoms, prevention of further progression of the disease as well as preservation of fertility. Increasing evidence demonstrates association between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian cancer. In the present mini-review, we draw the particular attention of clinicians to such a possibility, even if relatively infrequently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gałczyński
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Konarskiego str. 2, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.,Second Department of Gynecological Oncology, St. John's of Dukla Cancer Center of Lublin, Jaczewskiego str. 7, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Białystok Medical University, Kilińskiego str. 1, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Lewkowicz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lublin Medical University, Jaczewskiego str. 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Semczuk-Sikora
- Department of Pathology of Pregnancy, Lublin Medical University, Staszica str. 16, 20-081, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Semczuk
- IIND Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, Jaczewskiego str. 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland.
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Murakami N, Kitajima M, Ohyama K, Aibara N, Taniguchi K, Wei M, Kitajima Y, Miura K, Masuzaki H. Comprehensive immune complexome analysis detects disease-specific immune complex antigens in seminal plasma and follicular fluids derived from infertile men and women. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:545-551. [PMID: 31158356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune reactions and subsequent inflammation may underlie spermatogenic dysfunction and endometriosis-related infertility. The aim of this study is to identify disease-specific antigens in immune complexes (ICs) in seminal plasma (SP) and in follicular fluid (FF). METHODS Immune complexome analysis, in which nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is employed to comprehensively identify antigens incorporated into ICs in biological fluids, was performed for specimens collected from infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Forty-two male patients consisting of subjects with oligozoospermia (n = 6), asthenozoospermia (n = 8), and normal semen analysis (n = 28). Fifty-eight female patients consisting of subjects with ovarian endometriosis (n = 10) and control women without disease (n = 48). RESULTS Four disease-specific antigens were identified in subjects with oligozoospermia, while five disease-specific antigens were detected in subjects with asthenozoospermia, some of which are involved in sprematogenesis. Eight antigens were detected only in subjects with endometriosis. CONCLUSION Functional characteristics of disease-specific antigens were found to correspond to the pathogenesis of male and female infertility. The formation of ICs may contribute to spermatogenic dysfunction and endometriosis-related infertility via loss of function of the related proteins. Immune complexome analysis is expected to be a valuable tool for the investigation of novel diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Michio Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Aibara
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Ken Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Mian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Alley, Gulou Qu, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuriko Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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53
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Chen CC, Tsai EM, Er TK. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: What have we learned so far? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:63-72. [PMID: 30776361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the ovaries and peritoneum. It is a complex disease that is influenced by multiple factors. It is also a common gynecological disorder and affects approximately 10-15% of all women of reproductive age. Recent molecular and pathological studies indicate that endometriosis may serve as a precursor of ovarian cancer (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, EAOC), particularly endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers. Although histological and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that endometriosis has a malignant potential, the molecular mechanism that underlies the malignant transformation of endometriosis is still controversial, and the precise mechanism of carcinogenesis must be fully elucidated. Currently, the development and improvement of a new sequencing technology, next-generation sequencing (NGS), has been increasingly relevant in cancer genomics research. Recently, NGS has also been utilized in clinical oncology to advance the personalized treatment of cancer. In addition, the sensitivity, speed, and cost make NGS a highly attractive platform compared to other sequencing modalities. For this reason, NGS may lead to the identification of driver mutations and underlying pathways associated with EAOC. Here, we present an overview of the molecular pathways that have led to the current opinions on the relationship between endometriosis and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Kiong Er
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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54
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Predeus AV, Vashukova ES, Glotov AS, Danilova MM, Osinovskaya NS, Malysheva OV, Shved NY, Ganbarli N, Yarmolinskaya MI, Ivashchenko TE, Baranov VS. Next-Generation Sequencing of Matched Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrium Identifies Novel Endometriosis-Related Genes. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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55
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The Evolution of Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Progression of Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:399-407. [PMID: 30302736 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate changes in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling during progression of endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) as a driver of malignant transformation. We procured tissue samples of normal endometrium, endometriosis (benign, atypical, concurrent with EAOC), and EAOC. We evaluated expression of a 236-gene signature of estrogen signaling. ANOVA and unsupervised clustering were used to identify gene expression profiles across disease states. These profiles were compared to profiles of estrogen regulation in cancer models from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to determine whether gene expression in EAOC was consistent with ERα activity. ANOVA revealed 158 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.05) and unsupervised clustering identified five distinct gene clusters. The estrogen signaling profile of EAOC was not consistent with activated ERα in pre-clinical models. Gene set enrichment analysis did not identify signatures of activated ERα in EAOC but instead identified expression patterns consistent with loss of ERα function and development of endocrine resistance. Gene expression data suggest that ERα signaling becomes inactivated throughout the progression of endometriosis to EAOC. The gene expression pattern in EAOC is more consistent with profiles of endocrine resistance.
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56
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Chen Q, Hang Y, Zhang T, Tan L, Li S, Jin Y. USP10 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis through activating the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C863-C872. [PMID: 30281322 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00272.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis has been initially described as endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterine cavity. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway playing an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration has been found to be activated in endometriosis. However, regulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in endometriosis has not been fully understood. In this study, primary-cultured endometrial stromal cells were collected from patients with endometriosis and healthy controls, and the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of ectopic endometrial stromal cells transfected with ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10)-small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or pLVX-Puro-USP10 with or without MEK inhibitor PD-98059 or exogenous signaling stimulation such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) were measured by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell, respectively. The gene and protein expressions were measured by real-time PCR or Western blot. USP10 overexpression promoted ectopic endometrial stromal cell migration and proliferation, suppressed cell apoptosis, and activated MEK/ERK signaling that is a critical downstream target of the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf-1, which was significantly blocked by PD-98059. USP10 silencing demonstrated the inverse effects, and these effects induced by USP10 silencing were significantly blocked by EGF. USP10 overexpression promoted Raf-1 protein expression, but not mRNA expression, through deubiquitination. In conclusion, these results suggest that USP10 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis through activating the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanyuan Hang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuangdi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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57
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Zhang T, De Carolis C, Man GCW, Wang CC. The link between immunity, autoimmunity and endometriosis: a literature update. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:945-955. [PMID: 30107265 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS), an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder affects approximately 5-10% of the general female population of reproductive age and 20-90% of women with pelvic pain and infertility. Many immunological factors are known to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of EMS, and both chronic local inflammation and autoantibodies in EMS shares many similarities with autoimmune diseases (AD). However, the autoimmune etiology in EMS remains controversial, and its evidence on autoimmune basis may be limited. Here we aim to review the current understanding between autoimmunity and EMS to provide important knowledge to develop future potential immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Youshare Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Caterina De Carolis
- Polymedical Center for Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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58
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Symons LK, Miller JE, Kay VR, Marks RM, Liblik K, Koti M, Tayade C. The Immunopathophysiology of Endometriosis. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:748-762. [PMID: 30054239 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Although the etiology of endometriosis remains elusive, immunological dysfunction has been proposed as a critical facilitator of ectopic lesion growth following retrograde menstruation of endometrial debris. However, it is not clear whether this immune dysfunction is a cause or consequence of endometriosis. Thus, here we provide in-depth insights into our current understanding of the immunopathophysiology of endometriosis and highlight challenges and opportunities for future research. With the explosion of successful immune-based therapies targeting various chronic inflammatory conditions, it is crucial to determine whether immune dysfunction can be therapeutically targeted in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Symons
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vanessa R Kay
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ryan M Marks
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kiera Liblik
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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59
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de Lima RE, de Holanda Martins CM, do Carmo RF, Aroucha DCBL, Pereira LMMB, Vasconcelos LRS, Moura P. Two sides of a coin: GG genotype of C7 provides protection against fibrosis severity while showing a higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:702-707. [PMID: 29966690 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The complement system (CS) is a key element of immunity against pathogens but also seems to influence other events, such as tumorigenesis and tissue repair. Complement component 7 (C7) is a key component of the lytic pathway of CS, leading to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This study aimed to investigate the existence of the association of a polymorphism in the C7 gene, rs1063499, with hepatic fibrosis and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C. We analyzed 456 samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C. Real-time PCR was used for allelic discrimination. Patients were classified by their METAVIR score as F1 (n = 100), F2 (n = 83), F3 (n = 101) or F4 (n = 66); 106 patients were diagnosed with HCC. Patients carrying the G/G genotype of C7 had a lower chance of developing severe fibrosis in the recessive model (p = 0.042; OR: 0.65 95% CI 0.41-1.02). However, the G/G genotype frequency was higher in patients with HCC (P = 0.01; OR: 2.07 95% CI 1.20-3.53) and in those with larger tumors (p = 0.04). The G/G C7 genotype seems to be a protective factor against advanced fibrosis; however, it was associated with a higher risk of HCC and the occurrence of larger hepatic nodules, suggesting the involvement of C7 in the physiopathogenesis of HCC and fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Emídio de Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences/ICB-UPE, University of Pernambuco, Brazil; Institute Aggeu Magalhães/IAM-FIOCRUZ-PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayse Celia Barbosa Lins Aroucha
- Institute of Liver and Transplantation of Pernambuco/IFP, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences/FCM-UPE, University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Moura
- Institute of Biological Sciences/ICB-UPE, University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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60
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Bareke H, Akbuga J. Complement system's role in cancer and its therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12672. [PMID: 29734524 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the long-awaited new edition to standard cancer therapies. For an effective immunotherapy, it is imperative to delineate the players of antitumour immune response. As an important innate immune system effector mechanism, complement is highly likely to play a substantial role in cancer immunity. Studies suggest that there may be two different "states of complement" that show opposing effects on cancer cells; a complement profile that has antitumour effects with low expression of membrane-bound complement regulator proteins (mCRPs), lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) concentration and moderate C5a concentration, and a complement profile that has protumour effects with high expression of mCRPs, sublytic MAC and high concentrations of C5a. One of the cancers that urgently require innovative therapeutic approaches is ovarian cancer, and complement has a potential to be a good target for this purpose. A combinatorial approach where the complement cascade is fine-tuned by inhibiting some of its activities while promoting the others can prove to be a fruitful approach. Herein, we will briefly discuss the cancer-immune system interaction and then present a discussion of complement system's role in tumour immunity and its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bareke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - J Akbuga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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61
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Ying L, Zhang F, Pan X, Chen K, Zhang N, Jin J, Wu J, Feng J, Yu H, Jin H, Su D. Complement component 7 (C7), a potential tumor suppressor, is correlated with tumor progression and prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86536-86546. [PMID: 27852032 PMCID: PMC5349933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found copy number variation of chromosome fragment 5p13.1-13.3 might involve in the progression of ovarian cancer. In the current study, the alteration was validated and complement component 7 (C7), located on 5p13.1, was identified. To further explore the clinical value of C7 in tumors, 156 malignant, 22 borderline, 33 benign and 24 normal ovarian tissues, as well as 173 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues along with corresponding adjacent and normal tissues from the tissue bank of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were collected. The expression of C7 was analyzed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As a result, the C7 expression displayed a gradual downward trend in normal, benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tissues, and the decreased expression of C7 was correlative to poor differentiation in patients with ovarian cancer. Interestingly, a similar change of expression of C7 was found in normal, adjacent and malignant tissues in patients with NSCLC, and low expression of C7 was associated with worse grade and advanced clinical stage. Both results from this cohort and the public database indicated that NSCLC patients with low expression of C7 had a worse outcome. Furthermore, multivariate cox regression analysis showed NSCLC patients with low C7 had a 3.09 or 5.65-fold higher risk for relapse or death than those with high C7 respectively, suggesting C7 was an independent prognostic predictor for prognoses of patients with NSCLC. Additionally, overexpression of C7 inhibited colony formation of NSCLC cells, which hints C7 might be a potential tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Pan
- Tissue Bank of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyue Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junzhou Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Palomino WA, Tayade C, Argandoña F, Devoto L, Young SL, Lessey BA. The endometria of women with endometriosis exhibit dysfunctional expression of complement regulatory proteins during the mid secretory phase. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 125:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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63
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Dawson A, Fernandez ML, Anglesio M, Yong PJ, Carey MS. Endometriosis and endometriosis-associated cancers: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer development. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:803. [PMID: 29456620 PMCID: PMC5813919 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a fascinating disease that we strive to better understand. Molecular techniques are shedding new light on many important aspects of this disease: from pathogenesis to the recognition of distinct disease variants like deep infiltrating endometriosis. The observation that endometriosis is a cancer precursor has now been strengthened with the knowledge that mutations that are present in endometriosis-associated cancers can be found in adjacent endometriosis lesions. Recent genomic studies, placed in context, suggest that deep infiltrating endometriosis may represent a benign neoplasm that invades locally but rarely metastasises. Further research will help elucidate distinct aberrations which result in this phenotype. With respect to identifying those patients who may be at risk of developing endometriosis-associated cancers, a combination of molecular, pathological, and inheritance markers may define a high-risk group that might benefit from risk-reducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Marta Llauradó Fernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Michael Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1G1, Canada
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64
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Weitz IC. Thrombotic microangiopathy in cancer. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S103-S105. [PMID: 29703465 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is clinical syndrome based on the presence of thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 K or a reduction of the platelet count by >30% from baseline) accompanied by fragmentation hemolysis (MAHA) and evidence of organ damage. It can be seen in a variety of disorders including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), shigatoxin related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS). Cancer itself has long been associated with both macro and microvascular thrombosis. In addition, treatment with chemotherapy as well as hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCST) has been associated with atypical hemolytic uremic (aHUS) like syndrome. In this review, I will discuss the pathophysiology of TMA in cancer, chemotherapy associated HUS, and HSCT, well as new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene Ceil Weitz
- Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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65
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Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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66
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Zhang H, Lu J, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Liu H, Xu C. Prognostic significance and predictors of the system inflammation score in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177520. [PMID: 28498842 PMCID: PMC5428928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a well-known epidemiologic factor of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC), but has an uncertain role in prognosis. We developed a systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on preoperative serum albumin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in OCCC patients. A retrospective review was performed in 155 patients with OCCC undergoing primary debulking and chemotherapy at a single institute between 1995 and 2010. Cox regression models were fitted to analyze the effect of prognostic factors on PFS and OS. Harrell’s concordance index was calculated to assess predictive accuracy. The SIS consisting of serum albumin and NLR was retained as an independent indicator adjusting for traditional clinicopathological features. A high SIS was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behavior, platinum resistance, and served as an independent predictor of reduced PFS (P = 0.006) and OS (P = 0.019). The SIS had a good discrimination ability for the predictive PFS (c-index = 0.712) and OS (c-index = 0.722). We have developed a system inflammation score for predicting prognosis of OCCC patients, which may help stratify patients for postsurgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (CX)
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (CX)
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67
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Rekker K, Saare M, Eriste E, Tasa T, Kukuškina V, Roost AM, Anderson K, Samuel K, Karro H, Salumets A, Peters M. High-throughput mRNA sequencing of stromal cells from endometriomas and endometrium. Reproduction 2017; 154:93-100. [PMID: 28495852 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of endometriosis is still unclear and to find mechanisms behind the disease development, it is important to study each cell type from endometrium and ectopic lesions independently. The objective of this study was to uncover complete mRNA profiles in uncultured stromal cells from paired samples of endometriomas and eutopic endometrium. High-throughput mRNA sequencing revealed over 1300 dysregulated genes in stromal cells from ectopic lesions, including several novel genes in the context of endometriosis. Functional annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted pathways related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascade. Most importantly, we found a simultaneous upregulation of complement system components and inhibitors, indicating major imbalances in complement regulation in ectopic stromal cells. We also performed in vitro experiments to evaluate the effect of endometriosis patients' peritoneal fluid (PF) on complement system gene expression levels, but no significant impact of PF on C3, CD55 and CFH levels was observed. In conclusion, the use of isolated stromal cells enables to determine gene expression levels without the background interference of other cell types. In the future, a new standard design studying all cell types from endometriotic lesions separately should be applied to reveal novel mechanisms behind endometriosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Rekker
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia .,Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia
| | - Merli Saare
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia
| | - Elo Eriste
- Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Tasa
- Institute of Computer ScienceUniversity of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Genome CenterUniversity of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viktorija Kukuškina
- Estonian Genome CenterUniversity of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Külli Samuel
- Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia
| | - Helle Karro
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital's Women's ClinicTartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia.,Department of BiomedicineInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maire Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health TechnologiesTartu, Estonia
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68
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Awad MM, Jones RE, Liu H, Lizotte PH, Ivanova EV, Kulkarni M, Herter-Sprie GS, Liao X, Santos AA, Bittinger MA, Keogh L, Koyama S, Almonte C, English JM, Barlow J, Richards WG, Barbie DA, Bass AJ, Rodig SJ, Hodi FS, Wucherpfennig KW, Jänne PA, Sholl LM, Hammerman PS, Wong KK, Bueno R. Cytotoxic T Cells in PD-L1–Positive Malignant Pleural Mesotheliomas Are Counterbalanced by Distinct Immunosuppressive Factors. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:1038-1048. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Chen J, Yang WJ, Sun HJ, Yang X, Wu YZ. C5b-9 Staining Correlates With Clinical and Tumor Stage in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:470-5. [PMID: 26186252 PMCID: PMC4979623 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a critical part of the immune response, acting in defense against viral infections, clearance of immune complexes, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upregulated expression of the terminal complement complex, C5b-9, has been observed on various tumor cells, such as stomach carcinoma cells, and on cells in the necrotic regions of these tumors as well; however, whether and how C5b-9 is related to gastric cancer progression and severity remains unknown. In this study, human gastric adenocarcinoma (HGAC) tissues (n=47 cases) and patient-matched adjacent nontumoral parenchyma (n=20 cases) were evaluated by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The HGAC tissues showed upregulated C5b-9 expression. Multinomial logistic regression and likelihood ratio testing showed that overexpression of C5b-9 in HGAC tissue was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P=0.007) and tumor stage (P=0.005), but not with tumor distant organ metastasis, lymphoid nodal status, sex, or age. Patients with late-stage gastric adenocarcinoma had a higher amount of tumor cells showing positive staining for C5b-9 than patients with early-stage disease. These results may help in diagnosis and assessment of disease severity of human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Wei-jun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Hai-jian Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Yu-zhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
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70
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Ahn SH, Khalaj K, Young SL, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Immune-inflammation gene signatures in endometriosis patients. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1420-1431.e7. [PMID: 27475412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the molecular profiles of endometriotic lesions contain informative measures of inflammation and immune dysfunction that may contribute to better understanding of the interplay between immune dysfunction and inflammation and their contribution to endometriosis pathogenesis. DESIGN Immune and inflammation transcriptomic analysis with the use of the Nanostring nCounter GX Human Immunology V2 platform (579 human immune and inflammation-related genes and 15 housekeeping genes). SETTING Academic university and teaching hospital. INTERVENTION(S) None. PATIENT(S) Stage III-IV endometriosis patients with infertility (n = 8) and fertile disease-free control women undergoing tubal ligation (n = 8). Menstrual stage was matched to secretory phase in all participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immune and inflammation transcriptomics quantification from ectopic endometriotic lesions and matched eutopic endometrium from patients. Endometria of fertile women served as control subjects. RESULT(S) Our results displayed endometriotic lesions as molecularly distinct entities compared with eutopic endometrium and endometrium of control samples; 396 out of 579 screened immune and inflammation-related genes were significantly different in ectopic tissues compared with control endometrium. Most importantly, eutopic endometrium of the patients displayed a unique molecular profile compared with the control endometrium (91/579 genes were significantly different), particularly of genes involved in regulation of cell apoptosis and decidualization. CONCLUSION(S) We characterize differential expression of immune-inflammation genes in endometriosis patients, and show molecular distinction of eutopic endometrium of patients compared with control fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health Systems, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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71
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Chang IW, Lin VCH, Wu WJ, Liang PI, Li WM, Yeh BW, He HL, Liao ACH, Chan TC, Li CF. Complement Component 1, s Subcomponent Overexpression is an Independent Poor Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Urothelial Carcinomas of the Upper Urinary Tract and Urinary Bladder. J Cancer 2016; 7:1396-405. [PMID: 27471555 PMCID: PMC4964123 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and upper tract is prevalent. By subjecting a documented transcriptome data set of urothelial carcinoma of bladder (GSE31684) to data mining and focusing on genes linked to peptidase activity (GO:0008233), we recognized C1S as the most significantly upregulated gene related to an advanced tumor status and metastasis. We subsequently analyzed the association of both C1S mRNA and its encoded protein expression with the clinical and pathological significance. Materials and Methods: We used real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect C1S transcription levels in 20 cases each of urothelial carcinoma of bladder and upper tract. An immunohistochemical stain was conducted to determine C1s protein expression levels in patients with urothelial carcinoma of upper tract (n = 340) and urinary bladder (n = 295). Furthermore, we examined the correlation of C1s expression with clinicopathological characteristics, disease-specific survival, and metastasis-free survival. Results: C1S transcription levels were significantly high in patients with advanced-stage tumors of both groups (all P < .05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that C1s expression levels were significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters in both groups of urothelial carcinoma (all P < .05). C1s overexpression predicted poor disease-specific and metastasis-free survival rates for both urothelial carcinoma groups in the univariate analysis, and it was also an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis (all P < .05). Conclusions: C1s may play a pivotal role in urothelial carcinoma progress and can represent a vital prognostic marker and a promising new therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Victor Chia-Hsiang Lin
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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72
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The Serum Levels of the Soluble Factors sCD40L and CXCL1 Are Not Indicative of Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2857161. [PMID: 27190986 PMCID: PMC4852116 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2857161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign but troublesome gynecological condition, characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Lately, the discovery and validation of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis is one of the main priorities in the field. As the disease elicits a chronic inflammatory reaction, we focused our interest on two factors well known to be involved in inflammation and neoplastic processes, namely, soluble CD40 Ligand and CXCL1, and asked whether differences in the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 in endometriosis patients versus controls can serve as noninvasive disease markers. A total of n = 60 women were included in the study, 31 endometriosis patients and 29 controls, and the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of expression of both sCD40L and CXCL1 between patients and controls. This study adds useful clinical data showing that the serum levels of the soluble factors sCD40L and CXCL1 are not associated with endometriosis and are not suitable as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, we found a trend toward lower levels of sCD40L in the deep infiltrating endometriosis subgroup making it a potentially interesting target worth further investigation.
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73
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Borrelli GM, Abrão MS, Taube ET, Darb-Esfahani S, Köhler C, Chiantera V, Mechsner S. (Partial) Loss of BAF250a (ARID1A) in rectovaginal deep-infiltrating endometriosis, endometriomas and involved pelvic sentinel lymph nodes. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:329-37. [PMID: 26832958 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Loss of protein BAF250a (ARID1A) expression is present in women with rectovaginal deep-infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and endometriosis affecting the pelvic sentinel lymph nodes (PSLN). STUDY FINDING Partial loss of protein BAF250a was found in some of our patient samples, comprising all endometriosis entities, including rectovaginal DIE and endometriosis affecting the PSLN. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Loss of BAF250a (BRG-associated factor 250a)/ARIDIA (AT-rich interactive domain 1A) protein expression was identified among endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas and ovarian endometriosis, and this phenomenon was described as a possible early event in the transformation of endometriosis into cancer. DIE affecting the bowel/rectovaginal site is the most aggressive presentation of endometriosis and its 'risk' of malignant transformation has not been studied so far. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of BAF250a protein in 70 samples from patients enrolled in this study who were surgically treated at a tertiary center, university Hospital. The samples submitted to investigation were from rectovaginal DIE (n= 25/30), endometriosis affecting the PSLN (n= 5/7), ovarian endometriosis (n= 20/20) and endometrium from patients without endometriosis used as controls (n= 20/20). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Partial loss (i.e. in one tissue section some cells stained positive for BAF250a while other cells, usually an adjacent group, were negative) of BAF250a protein was identified in 36% (9/25) of rectovaginal DIE samples, 40% (2/5) of endometriosis lesions involving the PSLN, 30% (6/20) of endometriomas, and also in 25% (5/20) of endometrium from controls. We found no statistical correlation between occurrence of partial loss of BAF250a protein and the use or not of hormone medications (P = 0.106), cycle phase (P = 0.917) and stage of disease (P = 0.717). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We only found partial loss of BAF250a protein expression, and in a small population of women, with relatively high frequency in all benign tissues assessed in the present analysis. Therefore, this finding alone should not be correlated directly with the risk of malignant transformation in these lesions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The occurrence of partial loss of BAF250a protein expression in women with rectovaginal DIE and endometriosis affecting the PSLN is described for the first time. The value of this finding as a predictor of malignant transformation in endometriosis must still be clarified and further studied in association with other molecular events, such as PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) deletion and PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) mutation. We might then be able to identify in the future which patients with endometriosis are at higher risk of cancer. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by an internal Charité grant to the Endometriosis Research Center and the authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Borrelli
- Clinic for Gynecology - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Abrão
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E T Taube
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Köhler
- Clinic for Gynecology - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Gynecology, Asklepios Klinik Harburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Chiantera
- Clinic for Gynecology - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mechsner
- Clinic for Gynecology - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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74
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Nezhat FR, Apostol R, Nezhat C, Pejovic T. New insights in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and implications for screening and prevention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:262-7. [PMID: 25818671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in medicine, ovarian cancer remains the deadliest of the gynecological malignancies. Herein we present the latest information on the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and its significance for ovarian cancer screening and prevention. A new paradigm for ovarian cancer pathogenesis presupposes 2 distinct types of ovarian epithelial carcinoma with distinct molecular profiles: type I and type II carcinomas. Type I tumors include endometrioid, clear-cell carcinoma, and low-grade serous carcinoma and mostly arise via defined sequence either from endometriosis or from borderline serous tumors, mostly presenting in an early stage. More frequent type II carcinomas are usually high-grade serous tumors, and recent evidence suggests that the majority arise from the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. Subsequently, high-grade serous carcinomas usually present at advanced stages, likely as a consequence of the rapid peritoneal seeding from the open ends of the fallopian tubes. On the other hand, careful clinical evaluation should be performed along with risk stratification and targeted treatment of women with premalignant conditions leading to type I cancers, most notably endometriosis and endometriomas. Although the chance of malignant transformation is low, an understanding of this link offers a possibility of prevention and early intervention. This new evidence explains difficulties in ovarian cancer screening and helps in forming new recommendations for ovarian cancer risk evaluation and prophylactic treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/classification
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/classification
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/prevention & control
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Endometriosis/surgery
- Fallopian Tubes
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/classification
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/prevention & control
- Ovarian Diseases/surgery
- Ovarian Neoplasms/classification
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Ovariectomy
- Precancerous Conditions/surgery
- Salpingectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Farr R Nezhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook, College of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Radu Apostol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Mount Sinai-St. Luke's and Roosevelt Hospital System, New York, NY
| | - Camran Nezhat
- Center for Special Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Králíčková M, Vetvicka V. Immunological aspects of endometriosis: a review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:153. [PMID: 26244140 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common and serious illness affecting women in their reproductive years. Despite the ongoing interest and intensive research of this crippling disease, the cause remains unknown since its first description over 150 years ago. The origins and genesis of endometriosis, despite numerous hypotheses, are still unclear. One of the possible causes of the development of endometriosis might be the immune system, despite the fact that endometriosis is generally considered to be a steroid-sensitive disease. Numerous aspects of the immune system has been found changed, from the different number of activated macrophages to different subtypes of lymphocytes and their activities, suggesting involvement of immunity. On the other hand, it is possible that immunological changes around the endometriotic lesion are only secondary to the establishment of endometriosis. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of immunological reactions in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Králíčková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic ; 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Plzen 301 66, Czech Republic ; 3 Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic ; 4 Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic ; 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Plzen 301 66, Czech Republic ; 3 Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic ; 4 Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Pavone ME, Lyttle BM. Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: links, risks, and challenges faced. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:663-72. [PMID: 26170722 PMCID: PMC4494101 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s66824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition characterized by specific histological, molecular, and clinical findings. It affects 5%-10% of premenopausal women, is a cause of infertility, and has been implicated as a precursor for certain types of ovarian cancer. Advances in technology, primarily the ability for whole genome sequencing, have led to the discovery of new mutations and a better understanding of the function of previously identified genes and pathways associated with endometriosis associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) that include PTEN, CTNNB1 (β-catenin), KRAS, microsatellite instability, ARID1A, and the unique role of inflammation in the development of EAOC. Clinically, EAOCs are associated with a younger age at diagnosis, lower stage and grade of tumor, and are more likely to occur in premenopausal women when compared with other ovarian cancers. A shift from screening strategies adopted to prevent EAOCs has resulted in new recommendations for clinical practice by national and international governing bodies. In this paper, we review the common histologic and molecular characteristics of endometriosis and ovarian cancer, risks associated with EAOCs, clinical challenges and give recommendations for providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Pavone
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brianna M Lyttle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Edwards RP, Huang X, Vlad AM. Chronic inflammation in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: New roles for the "old" complement pathway. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1002732. [PMID: 26155393 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune escape is consequential for cancer development. Identifying abnormalities of the immune microenvironment during early carcinogenesis can provide insight into disease pathogenesis and unravel new preventive or therapeutic targets. We recently conducted a comprehensive immune gene expression analysis in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and explored new mechanistic roles for the complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute (MWRI) ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute (MWRI) ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Anda M Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute (MWRI) ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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