51
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Vella V, Milluzzo A, Scalisi NM, Vigneri P, Sciacca L. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113615. [PMID: 30453495 PMCID: PMC6274710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) mediates both metabolic and mitogenic effects especially when overexpressed or in clinical conditions with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to the metabolic pathway resistance, as obesity diabetes. In many cancers, IR is overexpressed preferentially as IR-A isoform, derived by alternative splicing of exon 11. The IR-A overexpression, and the increased IR-A:IR-B ratio, are mechanisms that promote the mitogenic response of cancer cells to insulin and IGF-2, which is produced locally by both epithelial and stromal cancer cells. In cancer IR-A, isoform predominance may occur for dysregulation at both mRNA transcription and post-transcription levels, including splicing factors, non-coding RNAs and protein degradation. The mechanisms that regulate IR isoform expression are complex and not fully understood. The IR isoform overexpression may play a role in cancer cell stemness, in tumor progression and in resistance to target therapies. From a clinical point of view, the IR-A overexpression in cancer may be a determinant factor for the resistance to IGF-1R target therapies for this issue. IR isoform expression in cancers may have the meaning of a predictive biomarker and co-targeting IGF-1R and IR-A may represent a new more efficacious treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
- School of Human and Social Science, University "Kore" of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Agostino Milluzzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Massimo Scalisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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52
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Kang C, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Diabetes, Obesity, and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3801-3812. [PMID: 30215698 PMCID: PMC6202853 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rates of obesity and diabetes are increasing worldwide, whereas the age of onset for both obesity and diabetes are decreasing steadily. Obesity and diabetes are associated with multiple factors that contribute to the increased risk of a number of different cancers, including breast cancer. These factors are hyperinsulinemia, elevated IGFs, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex signaling pathways underlying these multiple factors involved in the obesity/diabetes-breast cancer link, with a focus particularly on the roles of the insulin/IGF system and dyslipidemia in preclinical breast cancer models. We review some of the therapeutic strategies to target these metabolic derangements in cancer. Future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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53
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Liu R, Tang W, Han X, Geng R, Wang C, Zhang Z. Hepatocyte growth factor-induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor activation leads to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibitor unresponsiveness in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5983-5991. [PMID: 30333869 PMCID: PMC6176415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitors have been developed as potential therapeutics for cancer treatment; however, the phase III trials have not produced promising overall survival rates. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying intrinsic resistance to IGF-1R-targeted agents is urgently required. A number of studies have revealed that activation of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases can mediate resistance to IGF-1R-targeted therapy. The present study investigated whether activated mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; also known as c-Met and hepatocyte growth factor receptor) confers resistance to an IGF-1R inhibitor (NVP-AEW541) of gastric cancer (GC) cells. NCI-N87 and MGC-803 cells were treated with varying concentrations and combinations of NVP-AEW541, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and MET small interfering (si)-RNA or crizotinib (a MET inhibitor). The effects of these agents on cell proliferation and pro-apoptotic events were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. Receptor activation and the downstream signaling pathway were examined using western blot analysis. Expression and/or activation of MET and IGF-1R in 156 GC specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that NVP-AEW541 inhibited cell growth, with dephosphorylation of IGF-1R and protein kinase B (AKT), in NCI-N87 and MGC-803 cells. Application of HGF activated MET and the downstream AKT signaling pathways, decreased apoptotic events and restored cell proliferation, which were reversed by MET inhibition via crizotinib or siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, combination therapy of NVP-AEW541 and crizotinib exhibited an enhanced effectiveness in vitro. In addition, >40% of IGF-1R overexpressed GC specimens showed MET expression and activation. In conclusion, HGF-induced MET activation may represent a novel mechanism conferring unresponsiveness to IGF-1R-targeted agents in GC, and inhibition of MET may improve the efficacy of IGF-1R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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54
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Altieri B, Colao A, Faggiano A. The role of insulin-like growth factor system in the adrenocortical tumors. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2018; 44:43-57. [PMID: 29963827 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.18.02882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The different presentation of adrenocortical tumors in benign adenoma (ACA) or adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is related to the variability at the molecular level. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is one of the most frequently altered pathways in ACC. In this review we will critically analyze the evidence regarding the pathogenic role of the IGF system in adrenal tumorigenesis, focusing on ACC. We will also examine the preclinical and clinical studies which investigated the targeting of the IGF system as a therapeutic approach in ACC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The IGF system plays a crucial role in the embryogenesis of adrenal glands. No significant alterations of the IGF system were observed in ACA. In ACC, the IGF2 overexpression is one of the most frequent molecular change presented in more than 85% of cases. However, IGF2 seems to be only a tumor progression factor which requires additional hits to trigger adrenal tumorigenesis. Also, the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) appears to be higher expressed in ACC. Many IGF1R target-drugs have been developed to inhibit the activation of the IGF system. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Preclinical studies using antibody or tyrosine kinase which target the IGF1R, or the dual-targeting of IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR) reduced ACC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo in mouse xenograft model. However, these promising results were not confirmed in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Nowadays, predictive markers for the response of target-IGF therapy are missing and further studies which investigate new molecular markers and evaluate the entire IGF receptors, including the IR, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany - .,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy -
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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55
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Chen Z, Liu J, Chu D, Shan Y, Ma G, Zhang H, Zhang XD, Wang P, Chen Q, Deng C, Chen W, Dimitrov DS, Zhao Q. A dual-specific IGF-I/II human engineered antibody domain inhibits IGF signaling in breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:799-806. [PMID: 29910690 PMCID: PMC6001679 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-I and IGF-II, are essential for regulating cell growth, differentiation and metastasis of a broad range of malignancies. The IGF-I/II actions are mediated through the IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and the insulin receptor (IR), which are overexpressed in multiple types of tumors. Here, we have firstly identified a human engineered antibody domain (eAd) from a phage-displayed VH library. The eAd suppressed the signal transduction of IGF-1R mediated by exogenous IGF-I or IGF-II in breast cancer cell lines through neutralizing both IGF-I and IGF-II. It also significantly inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells. Therefore, the anti-IGF-I/II eAd offers an alternative approach to target both the IGF-1R signaling pathways through the inhibition of IGF-I/II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dafeng Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, SUSTech-HKU joint laboratories for matrix biology and diseases, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, SUSTech-HKU joint laboratories for matrix biology and diseases, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Pu Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weizao Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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56
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O'Flanagan CH, O'Shea S, Lyons A, Fogarty FM, McCabe N, Kennedy RD, O'Connor R. IGF-1R inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to ATM-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56826-56841. [PMID: 27472395 PMCID: PMC5302955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the IGF-1 signalling axis is clearly a roadblock in targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. Here, we sought to identify mediators of resistance, and potential co-targets for IGF-1R inhibition. By using an siRNA functional screen with the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BMS-754807 in MCF-7 cells we identified several genes encoding components of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways as mediators of resistance to IGF-1R kinase inhibition. These included ATM and Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR). We also observed a clear induction of DDR in cells that were exposed to IGF-1R TKIs (BMS-754807 and OSI-906) as indicated by accumulation of γ-H2AX, and phosphorylated Chk1. Combination of the IGF-1R/IR TKIs with an ATR kinase inhibitor VE-821 resulted in additive to synergistic cytotoxicity compared to either drug alone. In MCF-7 cells with stably acquired resistance to the IGF-1R TKI (MCF-7-R), DNA damage was also observed, and again, dual inhibition of the ATR kinase and IGF-1R/IR kinase resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dual inhibition of ATR and IGF-1R was more effective in MCF-7-R cells than parental cells. IGF-1R TKIs also potentiated the effects of cisplatin in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Overall, our findings identify induction of DDR by IGF-1R kinase inhibition as a rationale for co-targeting the IGF-1R with ATR kinase inhibitors or cisplatin, particularly in cells with acquired resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara H O'Flanagan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Shea
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Lyons
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionola M Fogarty
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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57
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Mancarella C, Pasello M, Manara MC, Toracchio L, Sciandra EF, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 3 Influences Sensitivity to Anti-IGF System Agents Through the Translational Regulation of IGF1R. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29731738 PMCID: PMC5919949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is an oncofetal protein that binds RNA, thereby influencing the fate of target transcripts. IGF2BP3 is synthesized de novo in cancer, where it promotes proliferation, drug resistance, and metastasis via both IGF2-dependent and IGF2-independent mechanisms. Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare bone and soft tissue tumor in which the IGF system plays a pivotal role. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IGF2BP3 on the regulation of the IGF system in ES. Among the components of the IGF axis, a direct significant correlation was identified between IGF2BP3 and IGF1R at mRNA and protein levels in two independent series of clinical specimens from patients with localized ES. After the formal demonstration of a direct association between IGF2BP3 and IGF1R mRNA using ribo-immunoprecipitation assay, we performed in vitro studies using A673 and TC-71 ES cell lines to demonstrate that IGF2BP3 loss promotes the downregulation of IGF1R and a decreased biological response to IGF1, represented by reduced migration and cell growth. Additionally, the compensatory activation of insulin receptor (IR) and its mitogenic ligand IGF2 is triggered in some but not all cell lines in response to IGF2BP3-mediated IGF1R loss. These findings have therapeutic implications because cells with a decreased expression of IGF2BP3/IGF1R axis but an increased expression of the IR/IGF2 loop display higher sensitivity to the dual inhibitor OSI-906 than do control cells. Therefore, studies on IGF2BP3, which was confirmed as a post-transcriptional regulator of IGF1R, provide a step forward in the identification of new mechanisms regulating the IGF system. In addition, our results demonstrate that the detection of IGF2BP3 expression should be combined with the assessment of the IGF1R/IR ratio to predict cell responses to anti-IGF1R/IR agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancarella
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Caterina Mancarella, ; Katia Scotlandi,
| | - Michela Pasello
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Toracchio
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Evelina Fiorenza Sciandra
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Pathology Section, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Caterina Mancarella, ; Katia Scotlandi,
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58
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Cassinelli G, Dal Bo L, Favini E, Cominetti D, Pozzi S, Tortoreto M, De Cesare M, Lecis D, Scanziani E, Minoli L, Naggi A, Vlodavsky I, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Supersulfated low-molecular weight heparin synergizes with IGF1R/IR inhibitor to suppress synovial sarcoma growth and metastases. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:187-197. [PMID: 29225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive tumor with propensity for lung metastases which significantly impact patients' prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve treatment outcome. Targeting the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system by heparin derivatives which act as heparanase inhibitors/heparan sulfate mimetics is emerging as a therapeutic approach that can sensitize the tumor response to chemotherapy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of a supersulfated low molecular weight heparin (ssLMWH) in preclinical models of SS. ssLMWH showed a potent anti-heparanase activity, dose-dependently inhibited SS colony growth and cell invasion, and downregulated the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R and IR. The combination of ssLMWH and the IGF1R/IR inhibitor BMS754807 synergistically inhibited proliferation of cells exhibiting IGF1R hyperactivation, also abrogating cell motility and promoting apoptosis in association with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. The drug combination strongly enhanced the antitumor effect against the CME-1 model, as compared to single agent treatment, abrogating orthotopic tumor growth and significantly repressing spontaneous lung metastatic dissemination in treated mice. These findings provide a strong preclinical rationale for developing drug regimens combining heparanase inhibitors/HS mimetics with IGF1R antagonists for treatment of metastatic SS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucuronidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Somatomedin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Synovial/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sulfates
- Triazines/administration & dosage
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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59
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Christopoulos PF, Corthay A, Koutsilieris M. Aiming for the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 system in breast cancer therapeutics. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:79-95. [PMID: 29253837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the major discoveries occurred in oncology the recent years, breast malignancies remain one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths for women in developed countries. Development of HER2-targeting drugs has been considered a breakthrough in anti-cancer approaches and alluded to the potential of targeting growth factors in breast cancer (BrCa) therapeutics. More than twenty-five years have passed since the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) system was initially recognized as a potential target candidate in BrCa therapy. To date, a growing body of studies have implicated the IGF-1 signaling with the BrCa biology. Despite the promising experimental evidence, the impression from clinical trials is rather disappointing. Several reasons may account for this and the last word regarding the efficacy of this system as a target candidate in BrCa therapeutics is probably not written yet. Herein, we provide the theoretical basis, as well as, a comprehensive overview of the current literature, regarding the different strategies targeting the various components of the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis in several pathophysiological aspects of BrCa, including the tumor micro-environment and cancer stemness. In addition, we review the rationale for targeting the IGF-1 system in the different BrCa molecular subtypes and in treatment resistant breast tumors with a focus on both the molecular mechanisms and on the clinical perspectives of such approaches in specific population subgroups. We also discuss the future challenges, as well as, the development of novel molecules and strategies targeting the system and suggest potential improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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60
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Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Simpson A, Petnga W, Macaulay VM, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Pathway Targeting in Cancer: Role of the IGF Axis and Opportunities for Future Combination Studies. Target Oncol 2017; 12:571-597. [PMID: 28815409 PMCID: PMC5610669 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been largely disappointing, and any potential success has been limited by the lack of validated predictive biomarkers for patient enrichment. A large body of preclinical evidence suggests that the key role of the IGF axis in cancer is in driving treatment resistance, via general proliferative/survival mechanisms, interactions with other mitogenic signaling networks, and class-specific mechanisms such as DNA damage repair. Consequently, combining IGF-targeted agents with standard cytotoxic agents, other targeted agents, endocrine therapies, or immunotherapies represents an attractive therapeutic approach. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not inhibit IGF ligand 2 (IGF-2) activation of the insulin receptor isoform-A (INSR-A), which may limit their anti-proliferative activity. In addition, due to their lack of specificity, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with hyperglycemia as a result of interference with signaling through the classical metabolic INSR-B isoform; this may preclude their use at clinically effective doses. Conversely, IGF-1/IGF-2 ligand-neutralizing mAbs inhibit proliferative/anti-apoptotic signaling via IGF-1R and INSR-A, without compromising the metabolic function of INSR-B. Therefore, combination regimens that include these agents may be more efficacious and tolerable versus IGF-1R-targeted combinations. Herein, we review the preclinical and clinical experience with IGF-targeted therapies to-date, and discuss the rationale for future combination approaches as a means to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simpson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Liefers-Visser JAL, Meijering RAM, Reyners AKL, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S. IGF system targeted therapy: Therapeutic opportunities for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:90-99. [PMID: 28934637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR) -A and -B. These receptors are activated upon binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin, and play an important role in development, maintenance, progression, survival and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer. In many pre-clinical studies anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies proved effective in reducing growth of ovarian cancer models. In addition, anti-IGF-1R targeted strategies potentiated the efficacy of platinum based chemotherapy. Despite the vast amount of encouraging and promising pre-clinical data, anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies lacked efficacy in the clinic. The question is whether targeting the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway still holds therapeutic potential. In this review we address the complexity of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway, including receptor heterodimerization within and outside the IGF system and downstream signaling. Further, we discuss the implications of this complexity on current targeted strategies and indicate therapeutic opportunities for successful targeting of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. Multiple-targeted approaches circumventing bidirectional receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) compensation and prevention of system rewiring are expected to have more therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Liefers-Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A M Meijering
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Randomised Phase 2 study of maintenance linsitinib (OSI-906) in combination with erlotinib compared with placebo plus erlotinib after platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:757-766. [PMID: 28772281 PMCID: PMC5589984 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maintenance therapy is important in advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib as switch maintenance following platinum-based chemotherapy increases survival. Cross-talk between the epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) pathways mediate resistance to individual receptor blockade. This study compared maintenance linsitinib plus erlotinib vs erlotinib plus placebo in patients with NSCLC. Methods: In this Phase II randomised trial, patients without progression following four cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (N=205) received continuous schedule maintenance oral linsitinib 150 mg or placebo BID combined with erlotinib 150 mg QD for 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The study was unblinded early due to linsitinib non-superiority. No difference was found between the two treatment groups in median PFS of 125 days linsitinib vs 129 days placebo (P=0.601); no difference in overall survival (OS) was observed. Tolerability was similar, although in the linsitinib group, treatment-related adverse events and discontinuations were more frequent. No drug–drug interaction was implicated. Conclusions: Linsitinib maintenance therapy added to erlotinib did not improve PFS or OS in non-progressing NSCLC patients. This highlights the need for robust biomarkers of response for combinations that incorporate IGFR-targeted therapies in maintenance or other therapeutic settings.
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Sanderson MP, Hofmann MH, Garin-Chesa P, Schweifer N, Wernitznig A, Fischer S, Jeschko A, Meyer R, Moll J, Pecina T, Arnhof H, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Zahn SK, Adolf GR, Kraut N. The IGF1R/INSR Inhibitor BI 885578 Selectively Inhibits Growth of IGF2-Overexpressing Colorectal Cancer Tumors and Potentiates the Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2223-2233. [PMID: 28729397 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies of pharmacologic agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway in unselected cancer patients have so far demonstrated modest efficacy outcomes, with objective responses being rare. As such, the identification of selection biomarkers for enrichment of potential responders represents a high priority for future trials of these agents. Several reports have described high IGF2 expression in a subset of colorectal cancers, with focal IGF2 amplification being responsible for some of these cases. We defined a novel cut-off value for IGF2 overexpression based on differential expression between colorectal tumors and normal tissue samples. Analysis of two independent colorectal cancer datasets revealed IGF2 to be overexpressed at a frequency of 13% to 22%. An in vitro screen of 34 colorectal cancer cell lines revealed IGF2 expression to significantly correlate with sensitivity to the IGF1R/INSR inhibitor BI 885578. Furthermore, autocrine IGF2 constitutively activated IGF1R and Akt phosphorylation, which was inhibited by BI 885578 treatment. BI 885578 significantly delayed the growth of IGF2-high colorectal cancer xenograft tumors in mice, while combination with a VEGF-A antibody increased efficacy and induced tumor regression. Besides colorectal cancer, IGF2 overexpression was detected in more than 10% of bladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer patient samples. Meanwhile, IGF2-high non-colorectal cancer cells lines displayed constitutive IGF1R phosphorylation and were sensitive to BI 885578. Our findings suggest that IGF2 may represent an attractive patient selection biomarker for IGF pathway inhibitors and that combination with VEGF-targeting agents may further improve clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2223-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reiner Meyer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Moll
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pecina
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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65
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Piñeiro-Hermida S, López IP, Alfaro-Arnedo E, Torrens R, Iñiguez M, Alvarez-Erviti L, Ruíz-Martínez C, Pichel JG. IGF1R deficiency attenuates acute inflammatory response in a bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4290. [PMID: 28655914 PMCID: PMC5487362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF1R (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) is a tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic cellular functions. IGF activity maintains human lung homeostasis and is implicated in pulmonary diseases such as cancer, ARDS, COPD, asthma and fibrosis. Here we report that lung transcriptome analysis in mice with a postnatally-induced Igf1r gene deletion showed differentially expressed genes with potentially protective roles related to epigenetics, redox and oxidative stress. After bleomycin-induced lung injury, IGF1R-deficient mice demonstrated improved survival within a week. Three days post injury, IGF1R-deficient lungs displayed changes in expression of IGF system-related genes and reduced vascular fragility and permeability. Mutant lungs presented reduced inflamed area, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers and up-regulation of resolution indicators. Decreased inflammatory cell presence in BALF was reflected in diminished lung infiltration mainly affecting neutrophils, also corroborated by reduced neutrophil numbers in bone marrow, as well as reduced lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage counts. Additionally, increased SFTPC expression together with hindered HIF1A expression and augmented levels of Gpx8 indicate that IGF1R deficiency protects against alveolar damage. These findings identify IGF1R as an important player in murine acute lung inflammation, suggesting that targeting IGF1R may counteract the inflammatory component of many lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - María Iñiguez
- Genomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain.
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66
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Stromal-derived IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Oncogene 2017; 36:5341-5355. [PMID: 28534511 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)2/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling axis has an important role in intestinal carcinogenesis and overexpression of IGF2 is an accepted risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Genetic amplifications and loss of imprinting contribute to the upregulation of IGF2, but insufficiently explain the extent of IGF2 expression in a subset of patients. Here, we show that IGF2 was specifically induced in the tumor stroma of CRC and identified cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as the major source. Further, we provide functional evidence that stromal IGF2, via the paracrine IGF1R/insulin receptor axis, activated pro-survival AKT signaling in CRC cell lines. In addition to its effects on malignant cells, autocrine IGF2/IGF1R signaling in CAFs induced myofibroblast differentiation in terms of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and contractility in floating collagen gels. This was further augmented in concert with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling suggesting a cooperative mechanism. However, we demonstrated that IGF2 neither induced TGFβ/smooth muscle actin/mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling nor synergized with TGFβ to hyperactivate this pathway in two dimensional and three dimensional cultures. IGF2-mediated physical matrix remodeling by CAFs, but not changes in extracellular matrix-modifying proteases or other secreted factors acting in a paracrine manner on/in cancer cells, facilitated subsequent tumor cell invasion in organotypic co-cultures. Consistently, colon cancer cells co-inoculated with CAFs expressing endogenous IGF2 in mouse xenograft models exhibited elevated invasiveness and dissemination capacity, as well as increased local tumor regrowth after primary tumor resection compared with conditions with IGF2-deficient CAFs. In line, expression of IGF2 correlated with elevated relapse rates and poor survival in CRC patients. In agreement with our results, high-level coexpression of IGF2 and TGFβ was predicting adverse outcome with higher accuracy than increased expression of the individual genes alone. Taken together, we demonstrate that stroma-induced IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression in a paracrine and autocrine manner and propose IGF2 as potential target for tumor stroma cotargeting strategies.
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Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a well-described target in breast cancer and multiple clinical trials examining insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor have been completed. Unfortunately, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor failed in phase III breast clinical trials for several reasons. First, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antibody therapy resulted in hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome most likely due to disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 homeostasis and subsequent growth hormone elevation. Growth hormone elevation induces insulin resistance, hence a subsequent elevation of insulin and the potential for activation of insulin receptor. Second, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, structure, and function. These two receptors bind insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-2, to regulate glucose uptake and other cellular functions. Hybrid receptors composed of one chain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor also participate in signaling. Third, since all the monoclonal antibodies were specific for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, any pathophysiologic role for insulin receptor was not inhibited. While the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor, these drugs are not being further developed likely due to their metabolic toxicities. Insulin-like growth factor-1/2 neutralizing antibodies are still being studied in early phase clinical trials. Perhaps a more comprehensive strategy of targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor network would be successful. For example, targeting receptor, ligand and downstream signaling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase or particularly the insulin receptor substrate adapter proteins might result in a complete blockade of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudy Chiminch Ekyalongo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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68
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IGFBP, a novel target of lung cancer? Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:172-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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69
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Chakraborty A, Hatzis C, DiGiovanna MP. Co-targeting the HER and IGF/insulin receptor axis in breast cancer, with triple targeting with endocrine therapy for hormone-sensitive disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:37-50. [PMID: 28236033 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interactions between HER2, estrogen receptor (ER), and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) are implicated in resistance to monotherapies targeting these receptors. We have previously shown in pre-clinical studies synergistic anti-tumor effects for co-targeting each pairwise combination of HER2, IGF1R, and ER. Strikingly, synergy for HER2/IGF1R targeting occurred not only in a HER2+ model, but also in a HER2-normal model. The purpose of the current study was therefore to determine the generalizability of synergistic anti-tumor effects of co-targeting HER2/IGF1R, the anti-tumor activity of triple-targeting HER2/IGF1R/ER in hormone-dependent cell lines, and the effect of using the multi-targeting drugs neratinib (pan-HER) and BMS-754807 (dual IGF1R/insulin receptor). METHODS Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed in a large panel of cell lines representing varying receptor expression levels. Mechanistic effects were studied using phospho-protein immunoblotting. Analyses of drug interaction effects were performed using linear mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS Enhanced anti-proliferative effects of HER/IGF-insulin co-targeting were seen in most, though not all, cell lines, including HER2-normal lines. For ER+ lines, triple targeting with inclusion of anti-estrogen generally resulted in the greatest anti-tumor effects. Double or triple targeting generally resulted in marked increases in apoptosis in the sensitive lines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the synergy between drugs was correlated with maximal inhibition of Akt and ERK pathway signaling. CONCLUSIONS Dual HER/IGF-insulin targeting, and triple targeting with inclusion of anti-estrogen drugs, shows striking anti-tumor activity across breast cancer types, and drugs with broader receptor specificity may be more effective than single receptor selective drugs, particularly for ER- cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Chakraborty
- Section of Medical Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 120, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Christos Hatzis
- Section of Medical Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 120, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael P DiGiovanna
- Section of Medical Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 120, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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70
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Li H, Batth IS, Qu X, Xu L, Song N, Wang R, Liu Y. IGF-IR signaling in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and targeting IGF-IR therapy: overview and new insights. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:6. [PMID: 28137302 PMCID: PMC5282886 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and contributes to metastasis and drug resistance in several subtypes of tumors. In preclinical studies, targeting of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) showed promising anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, high expectations for anti-IGF-IR therapy encountered challenge and disappointment in numerous clinical trials. This review summarizes the regulation of EMT by IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathway and drug resistance mechanisms of targeting IGF-IR therapy. Most importantly, we address several factors in the regulation of IGF-I/IGF-IR-associated EMT progression that may be potential predictive biomarkers in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.
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Almiron Bonnin DA, Ran C, Havrda MC, Liu H, Hitoshi Y, Zhang Z, Cheng C, Ung M, Israel MA. Insulin-Mediated Signaling Facilitates Resistance to PDGFR Inhibition in Proneural hPDGFB-Driven Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:705-716. [PMID: 28138037 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence implicating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM), the clinical use of RTK inhibitors in this disease has been greatly compromised by the rapid emergence of therapeutic resistance. To study the resistance of proneural gliomas that are driven by a PDGFR-regulated pathway to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we utilized a mouse model of proneural glioma in which mice develop tumors that become resistant to PDGFR inhibition. We found that tumors resistant to PDGFR inhibition required the expression and activation of the insulin receptor (IR)/insulin growth-like factor receptor (IGF1R) for tumor cell proliferation and survival. Cotargeting IR/IGF1R and PDGFR decreased the emergence of resistant clones in vitro Our findings characterize a novel model of glioma recurrence that implicates the IR/IGF1R signaling axis in mediating the development of resistance to PDGFR inhibition and provide evidence that IR/IGF1R signaling is important in the recurrence of the proneural subtype of glioma in which PDGF/PDGFR is most commonly expressed at a high level. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 705-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Almiron Bonnin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Cong Ran
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yasuyuki Hitoshi
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rosai Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mark A Israel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Leighl NB, Rizvi NA, de Lima LG, Arpornwirat W, Rudin CM, Chiappori AA, Ahn MJ, Chow LQM, Bazhenova L, Dechaphunkul A, Sunpaweravong P, Eaton K, Chen J, Medley S, Poondru S, Singh M, Steinberg J, Juergens RA, Gadgeel SM. Phase 2 Study of Erlotinib in Combination With Linsitinib (OSI-906) or Placebo in Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 18:34-42.e2. [PMID: 27686971 PMCID: PMC5474312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations improves outcomes compared with chemotherapy, but resistance develops in most patients. Compensatory signaling through type 1 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) may contribute to resistance; dual blockade of IGF-1R and EGFR may improve outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of linsitinib, a dual IGF-1R and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, plus erlotinib versus placebo plus erlotinib in chemotherapy-naive patients with EGFR-mutation positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients received linsitinib 150 mg twice daily or placebo plus erlotinib 150 mg once daily on continuous 21-day cycles. The primary end point was progression-free survival. RESULTS After randomization of 88 patients (44 each arm), the trial was unblinded early owing to inferiority in the linsitinib arm. The median progression-free survival for the linsitinib versus the placebo group was 8.4 months versus 12.4 months (hazard ratio, 1.37; P = .29). Overall response rate (47.7% vs. 75.0%; P = .02) and disease control rate (77.3% vs. 95.5%; P = .03) were also inferior. Whereas most adverse events were ≤ grade 2, linsitinib plus erlotinib was associated with increased adverse events that led to decreased erlotinib exposure (median days, 228 vs. 305). No drug-drug interaction was suggested by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results. CONCLUSION Adding linsitinib to erlotinib resulted in inferior outcomes compared with erlotinib alone. Further understanding of the signaling pathways and a biomarker that can predict efficacy is needed prior to further clinical development of IGF-1R inhibitors in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha B Leighl
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naiyer A Rizvi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lopes Gilberto de Lima
- Oncoclinicas Group, Hcor Onco, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Arunee Dechaphunkul
- Departments of Pathology, Hematology, and Surgery, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Keith Eaton
- Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Medical Oncology at University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosalyn A Juergens
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Shirish M Gadgeel
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Hematology-Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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73
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Zhao YN, Piao YZ, Zhang CM, Jiang YM, Liu A, Cui SH, Zhi DF, Zhen YH, Zhang SB. Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in cationic lipids for the improvement of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7963-7973. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in lipids improved gene delivery in vitro and in vivo with little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. Z. Piao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - C. M. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. M. Jiang
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - A. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. H. Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - D. F. Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. H. Zhen
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. B. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
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74
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Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Nicolosi ML, Belfiore A. Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 29184536 PMCID: PMC5694441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), namely of its papillary hystotype (PTC), has shown a steady increase worldwide, which has been attributed at least in part to the increasing diagnosis of early stage tumors. However, some evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors can also play a role. Among the potential risk factors involved in the changing epidemiology of TC, particular attention has been drawn to insulin-resistance and related metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which have been also rapidly increasing worldwide due to widespread dietary and lifestyle changes. In accordance with this possibility, various epidemiological studies have indeed gathered substantial evidence that insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders might be associated with an increased TC risk either through hyperinsulinemia or by affecting other TC risk factors including iodine deficiency, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, estrogen-dependent signaling, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and others. This review summarizes the current literature evaluating the relationship between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk for TC as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The potential implications of such association in TC prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, Enna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
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van Beijnum JR, Pieters W, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Griffioen AW. Insulin-like growth factor axis targeting in cancer and tumour angiogenesis - the missing link. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1755-1768. [PMID: 27779364 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecular players in the process of tumour angiogenesis have been shown to offer potential for therapeutic targeting. Initially denoted to be involved in malignant transformation and tumour progression, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis has been subject to therapeutic interference, albeit with limited clinical success. More recently, IGFs and their receptors have received attention for their contribution to tumour angiogenesis, which offers novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we review the contribution of this signalling axis to tumour angiogenesis, the mechanisms of resistance to therapy and the interplay with other pro-angiogenic pathways, to offer insight in the renewed interest in the application of IGF axis targeting agents in anti-cancer combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lerner L, Tao J, Liu Q, Nicoletti R, Feng B, Krieger B, Mazsa E, Siddiquee Z, Wang R, Huang L, Shen L, Lin J, Vigano A, Chiu MI, Weng Z, Winston W, Weiler S, Gyuris J. MAP3K11/GDF15 axis is a critical driver of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:467-82. [PMID: 27239403 PMCID: PMC4863827 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer associated cachexia affects the majority of cancer patients during the course of the disease and thought to be directly responsible for about a quarter of all cancer deaths. Current evidence suggests that a pro-inflammatory state may be associated with this syndrome although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of cachexia are poorly understood. The purpose of this work was the identification of key drivers of cancer cachexia that could provide a potential point of intervention for the treatment and/or prevention of this syndrome. METHODS Genetically engineered and xenograft tumour models were used to dissect the molecular mechanisms driving cancer cachexia. Cytokine profiling from the plasma of cachectic and non-cachectic cancer patients and mouse models was utilized to correlate circulating cytokine levels with the cachexia phenotype. RESULTS Utilizing engineered tumour models we identified MAP3K11/GDF15 pathway activation as a potent inducer of cancer cachexia. Increased expression and high circulating levels of GDF15 acted as a key mediator of this process. In animal models, tumour-produced GDF15 was sufficient to trigger the cachexia phenotype. Elevated GDF15 circulating levels correlated with the onset and progression of cachexia in animal models and in patients with cancer. Inhibition of GDF15 biological activity with a specific antibody reversed body weight loss and restored muscle and fat tissue mass in several cachectic animal models regardless of their complex secreted cytokine profile. CONCLUSIONS The combination of correlative observations, gain of function, and loss of function experiments validated GDF15 as a key driver of cancer cachexia and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and/or prevention of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lerner
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Julie Tao
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Qing Liu
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | | | - Bin Feng
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Brian Krieger
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Elizabeth Mazsa
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Zakir Siddiquee
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Ruoji Wang
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Lucia Huang
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 211 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Luhua Shen
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA; Moderna Therapeutics 200 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jie Lin
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA; Stealth Peptides Inc.275 Grove Street, Ste.3-107 Newton MA 02466 USA
| | - Antonio Vigano
- McGill Nutrition and Performance Laboratory; (MNUPAL) McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) Montreal Canada
| | - M Isabel Chiu
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA; Enumeral Biomedical Corp One Kendall Square Building 400 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhigang Weng
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - William Winston
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA; POTENZA Therapeutics 700 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Solly Weiler
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Jeno Gyuris
- AVEO Oncology One Broadway 14th Floor Cambridge MA 02142 USA
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Erdem C, Nagle AM, Casa AJ, Litzenburger BC, Wang YF, Taylor DL, Lee AV, Lezon TR. Proteomic Screening and Lasso Regression Reveal Differential Signaling in Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF1) Pathways. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3045-57. [PMID: 27364358 PMCID: PMC5013316 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) influence cancer risk and progression through poorly understood mechanisms. To better understand the roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in breast cancer, we combined proteomic screening with computational network inference to uncover differences in IGF1 and insulin induced signaling. Using reverse phase protein array, we measured the levels of 134 proteins in 21 breast cancer cell lines stimulated with IGF1 or insulin for up to 48 h. We then constructed directed protein expression networks using three separate methods: (i) lasso regression, (ii) conventional matrix inversion, and (iii) entropy maximization. These networks, named here as the time translation models, were analyzed and the inferred interactions were ranked by differential magnitude to identify pathway differences. The two top candidates, chosen for experimental validation, were shown to regulate IGF1/insulin induced phosphorylation events. First, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) knock-down was shown to increase the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Second, stable knock-down of E-Cadherin increased the phospho-Akt protein levels. Both of the knock-down perturbations incurred phosphorylation responses stronger in IGF1 stimulated cells compared with insulin. Overall, the time-translation modeling coupled to wet-lab experiments has proven to be powerful in inferring differential interactions downstream of IGF1 and insulin signaling, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Erdem
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison M Nagle
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelo J Casa
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Beate C Litzenburger
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R Lezon
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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78
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Myers AL, Lin L, Nancarrow DJ, Wang Z, Ferrer-Torres D, Thomas DG, Orringer MB, Lin J, Reddy RM, Beer DG, Chang AC. IGFBP2 modulates the chemoresistant phenotype in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25897-916. [PMID: 26317790 PMCID: PMC4694874 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients commonly present with advanced stage disease and demonstrate resistance to therapy, with response rates below 40%. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance is crucial for improvement of clinical outcomes. IGFBP2 is a member of the IGFBP family of proteins that has been reported to modulate both IGF and integrin signaling and is a mediator of cell growth, invasion and resistance in other tumor types. In this study, high IGFBP2 expression was observed in a subset of primary EACs and was found to be significantly higher in patients with shorter disease-free intervals as well as in treatment-resistant EACs as compared to chemonaive EACs. Modulation of IGFBP2 expression in EAC cell lines promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, implicating a role in the metastatic potential of these cells. Additionally, knockdown of IGFBP2 sensitized EAC cells to cisplatin in a serum-dependent manner. Further in vitro exploration into this chemosensitization implicated both the AKT and ERK pathways. Silencing of IGFBP2 enhanced IGF1-induced immediate activation of AKT and reduced cisplatin-induced ERK activation. Addition of MEK1/2 (selumetinib or trametinib) or AKT (AKT Inhibitor VIII) inhibitors enhanced siIGFBP2-induced sensitization of EAC cells to cisplatin. These results suggest that targeted inhibition of IGFBP2 alone or together with either the MAPK or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in IGFBP2-overexpressing EAC tumors may be an effective approach for sensitizing resistant EACs to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Myers
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Zhuwen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark B Orringer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Alsina-Sanchis E, Figueras A, Lahiguera Á, Vidal A, Casanovas O, Graupera M, Villanueva A, Viñals F. The TGFβ pathway stimulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation by increasing IGF1R levels. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1894-903. [PMID: 27299695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In a search for new therapeutic targets for treating epithelial ovarian cancer, we analyzed the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway in these tumors. Using a TMA with patient samples we found high Smad2 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer tumoral cells, independently of tumor subtype (high-grade serous or endometrioid). To evaluate the impact of TGFβ receptor inhibition on tumoral growth, we used different models of human ovarian cancer orthotopically grown in nude mice (OVAs). Treatment with a TGFβRI&II dual inhibitor, LY2109761, caused a significant reduction in tumor size in all these models, affecting cell proliferation rate. We identified Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)1 receptor as the signal positively regulated by TGFβ implicated in ovarian tumor cell proliferation. Inhibition of IGF1R activity by treatment with a blocker antibody (IMC-A12) or with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (linsitinib) inhibited ovarian tumoral growth in vivo. When IGF1R levels were decreased by shRNA treatment, LY2109761 lost its capacity to block tumoral ovarian cell proliferation. At the molecular level TGFβ induced mRNA IGF1R levels. Overall, our results suggest an important role for the TGFβ signaling pathway in ovarian tumor cell growth through the control of IGF1R signaling pathway. Moreover, it identifies anti-TGFβ inhibitors as being of potential use in new therapies for ovarian cancer patients as an alternative to IGF1R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lahiguera
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei D'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L, Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Laboratori D'Oncologia Molecular, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L, Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Feixa Llarga S/N 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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80
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Peixoto Lira RC, Fedatto PF, Marco Antonio DS, Leal LF, Martinelli CE, de Castro M, Tucci S, Neder L, Ramalho L, Seidinger AL, Cardinalli I, Mastellaro MJ, Yunes JA, Brandalise SR, Tone LG, Rauber Antonini SR, Scrideli CA. IGF2 and IGF1R in pediatric adrenocortical tumors: roles in metastasis and steroidogenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:481-93. [PMID: 27185872 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the IGF system observed in human tumors indicates a role in malignant cell transformation and in tumor cell proliferation. Although overexpression of the IGF2 and IGF1R genes was described in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), few studies reported their profiles in pediatric ACTs. In this study, the IGF2 and IGF1R expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR according to the patient's clinical/pathological features in 60 pediatric ACT samples, and IGF1R protein was investigated in 45 samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Whole transcriptome and functional assays were conducted after IGF1R inhibition with OSI-906 in NCI-H295A cell line. Significant IGF2 overexpression was found in tumor samples when compared with non-neoplastic samples (P<0.001), significantly higher levels of IGF1R in patients with relapse/metastasis (P=0.031) and moderate/strong IGF1R immunostaining in 62.2% of ACTs, but no other relationship with patient survival and clinical/pathological features was observed. OSI-906 treatment downregulated genes associated with MAPK activity, induced limited reduction of cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate. After 24h, the treatment also decreased the expression of genes related to the steroid biosynthetic process, the protein levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), and androgen secretion in cell medium, supporting the role of IGF1R in steroidogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Our data showed that the IGF1R overexpression could be indicative of aggressive ACTs in children. However, in vitro treatments with high concentrations of OSI-906 (>1μM) showed limited reduction of cell viability, suggesting that OSI-906 alone could not be a suitable therapy to abolish carcinoma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régia Caroline Peixoto Lira
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola Fernanda Fedatto
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Martinelli
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio Tucci
- Department of SurgeryRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of PathologyRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Ramalho
- Department of PathologyRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Seidinger
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izilda Cardinalli
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Mastellaro
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Brandalise
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Andersson MK, Stenman G. The landscape of gene fusions and somatic mutations in salivary gland neoplasms - Implications for diagnosis and therapy. Oral Oncol 2016; 57:63-9. [PMID: 27101980 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of the genomic landscape of salivary gland tumors have provided important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. The most consistent alterations identified include a translocation-generated gene fusion network involving transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators, tyrosine kinase receptors, and other kinases. In addition, next-generation sequencing studies of a few subtypes of salivary neoplasms have revealed hotspot mutations in individual genes and mutations clustering to specific pathways frequently altered in cancer. Although limited, these studies have opened up new avenues for improved classification and targeted therapies of salivary gland cancers. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in this field, focusing on tumor types for which clinically important molecular data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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82
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Abstract
In this article, the authors summarize the state of the art and future potential in the management of Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma. They cover systemic therapy, surgical therapy, and radiotherapy, along with targeted therapies to inhibit signal transduction pathways. They discuss staging and the role of imaging evaluation to provide an overview of bone tumor treatment. Images presenting pathologic-radiologic correlations are included.
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83
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Macaulay VM, Middleton MR, Eckhardt SG, Rudin CM, Juergens RA, Gedrich R, Gogov S, McCarthy S, Poondru S, Stephens AW, Gadgeel SM. Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906) and Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2897-907. [PMID: 26831715 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-talk between type I IGF receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates resistance to individual receptor blockade. This study aimed to determine the MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of linsitinib, a potent oral IGF1R/INSR inhibitor, with EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This open-label, dose-escalation study investigated linsitinib schedules S1: once daily intermittent (days 1-3 weekly); S2, once daily continuous; S3, twice-daily continuous; each with erlotinib 100-150 mg once daily; and a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expansion cohort. RESULTS Ninety-five patients were enrolled (S1, 44; S2, 24; S3, 12; expansion cohort, 15) and 91 treated. Seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities: QTc prolongation (3), abnormal liver function (2), hyperglycemia (1), and anorexia (1). Common adverse events included drug eruption (84%), diarrhea (73%), fatigue (68%), nausea (58%), vomiting (40%). MTDs for linsitinib/erlotinib were 450/150 mg (S1), 400/100 mg (S2). On the basis of prior monotherapy data, S3 dosing at 150 mg twice daily/150 mg once daily was the recommended phase II dose for the expansion cohort. There was no evidence of drug-drug interaction. Pharmacodynamic data showed IGF-1 elevation and reduced IGF1R/INSR phosphorylation, suggesting pathway inhibition. Across schedules, 5/75 (7%) evaluable patients experienced partial responses: spinal chordoma (268+ weeks), rectal cancer (36 weeks), three NSCLCs including 2 adenocarcinomas (16, 72 weeks), 1 squamous wild-type EGFR NSCLC (36 weeks). Disease control (CR+PR+SD) occurred in 38 of 75 (51%), and 28 of 91 (31%) patients were on study >12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The linsitinib/erlotinib combination was tolerable with preliminary evidence of activity, including durable responses in cases unlikely to respond to erlotinib monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2897-907. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine M Macaulay
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Middleton
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Peterse EFP, Bovée JVMG. CORR Insights(®): Transcriptional Profiling Identifies the Signaling Axes of IGF and Transforming Growth Factor-β as Involved in the Pathogenesis of Osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016; 474:190-2. [PMID: 26563243 PMCID: PMC4686491 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth F P Peterse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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85
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Sanderson MP, Apgar J, Garin-Chesa P, Hofmann MH, Kessler D, Quant J, Savchenko A, Schaaf O, Treu M, Tye H, Zahn SK, Zoephel A, Haaksma E, Adolf GR, Kraut N. BI 885578, a Novel IGF1R/INSR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor with Pharmacokinetic Properties That Dissociate Antitumor Efficacy and Perturbation of Glucose Homeostasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2762-72. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santoro MA, Blue RE, Andres SF, Mah AT, Van Landeghem L, Lund PK. Obesity and intestinal epithelial deletion of the insulin receptor, but not the IGF 1 receptor, affect radiation-induced apoptosis in colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G578-89. [PMID: 26251471 PMCID: PMC4593818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00189.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current views suggest that apoptosis eliminates genetically damaged cells that may otherwise form tumors. Prior human studies link elevated insulin and reduced apoptosis to risk of colorectal adenomas. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity would lead to reduced colon epithelial cell (CEC) apoptosis after radiation and that this effect would be altered by deletion of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 receptor (IGF1R) or the insulin receptor (IR). Mice with villin-Cre-mediated IGF1R or IR deletion in CECs and floxed littermates were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and hyperinsulinemia or control low-fat chow. Mice were exposed to 5-Gy abdominal radiation to induce DNA damage and euthanized 4 h later for evaluation of apoptosis by localization of cleaved caspase-3. Obese mice exhibited decreased apoptosis of genetically damaged CECs. IGF1R deletion did not affect CEC apoptosis in lean or obese animals. In contrast, IR loss increased CEC apoptosis in both diet groups but did not prevent antiapoptotic effects of obesity. Levels of p53 protein were significantly reduced in CECs of obese mice with intact IR but increased in both lean and obese mice without IR. Levels of mRNAs encoding proapoptotic Perp and the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1b/p27 were reduced in CECs of obese mice and increased in lean mice lacking IR. Together, our studies provide novel evidence for antiapoptotic roles of obesity and IR, but not IGF1R, in colonic epithelium after DNA damage. However, neither IR nor IGF1R deletion prevented a reduction in radiation-induced CEC apoptosis during obesity and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Agostina Santoro
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - R. Eric Blue
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Sarah F. Andres
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Amanda T. Mah
- 2Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - P. Kay Lund
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
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87
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Sclafani F, Kim TY, Cunningham D, Kim TW, Tabernero J, Schmoll HJ, Roh JK, Kim SY, Park YS, Guren TK, Hawkes E, Clarke SJ, Ferry D, Frödin JE, Ayers M, Nebozhyn M, Peckitt C, Loboda A, Mauro DJ, Watkins DJ. A Randomized Phase II/III Study of Dalotuzumab in Combination With Cetuximab and Irinotecan in Chemorefractory, KRAS Wild-Type, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv258. [PMID: 26405092 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition and may represent a therapeutic target. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double blind, phase II/III trial of dalotuzumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, with standard therapy in chemo-refractory, KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to dalotuzumab 10mg/kg weekly (arm A), dalotuzumab 7.5mg/kg every alternate week (arm B), or placebo (arm C) in combination with cetuximab and irinotecan. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included exploratory biomarker analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The trial was prematurely discontinued for futility after 344 eligible KRAS wild-type patients were included in the primary efficacy population (arm A = 116, arm B = 117, arm C = 111). Median PFS was 3.9 months in arm A (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98 to 1.83, P = .07) and 5.4 months in arm B (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.55, P = .44) compared with 5.6 months in arm C. Median OS was 10.8 months in arm A (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.99 to 2.00, P = .06) and 11.6 months in arm B (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.79, P = .18) compared with 14.0 months in arm C. Grade 3 or higher asthenia and hyperglycaemia occurred more frequently with dalotuzumab compared with placebo. In exploratory biomarker analyses, patients with high IGF-1 mRNA tumors in arm A had numerically better PFS (5.6 vs 3.6 months, HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.28 to 1.23, P = .16) and OS (17.9 vs 9.4 months, HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.45, P = .31) compared with those with high IGF-1 mRNA tumors in arm C. In contrast, in arm C high IGF-1 mRNA expression predicted lower response rate (17.6% vs 37.3%, P = .04), shorter PFS (3.6 vs 6.6 months, HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.15 to 4.02, P = .02), and shorter OS (9.4 vs 15.5 months, HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.21 to 4.82, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Adding dalotuzumab to irinotecan and cetuximab was feasible but did not improve survival outcome. IGF-1R ligands are promising biomarkers for differential response to anti-EGFR and anti-IGF-1R therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sclafani
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Tae Y Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM).
| | - Tae W Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Josep Tabernero
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Hans J Schmoll
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Jae K Roh
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Sun Y Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Young S Park
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Tormod K Guren
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Eliza Hawkes
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Steven J Clarke
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David Ferry
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Jan-Erik Frödin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Mark Ayers
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Michael Nebozhyn
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Clare Peckitt
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Andrey Loboda
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David J Mauro
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David J Watkins
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
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Abstract
Preclinical studies in the 1980s defined a role for IGF signaling in the development and sustainability of the malignant process. Subsequently, antibody, tyrosine kinase, and ligand inhibitors of the IGF receptor were manufactured. In the past decade, numerous clinical trials have tested the efficacy of IGF receptor inhibitors in the treatment of advanced tumors. Early-phase trials in heavily pretreated populations showed promise with complete or partial responses in a few patients and stable disease in many more. Unfortunately, the results of the early-phase trials did not pan out to later-phase trials. The lack of use of biomarkers to define subsets of patients that may benefit from IGF receptor blockade and compensatory signaling via other growth factor receptors such as the insulin, GH, and epidermal growth factor receptors may have played a role in the lack of efficacy of IGF receptor inhibition in phase III trials. Although these trials failed to show benefit, the trials have revealed previously unknown knowledge regarding the complex nature of IGF signaling. The knowledge obtained from these trials will be useful in designing future trials studying inhibitors of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Beckwith
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Douglas Yee
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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89
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Garwood CJ, Ratcliffe LE, Morgan SV, Simpson JE, Owens H, Vazquez-Villaseñor I, Heath PR, Romero IA, Ince PG, Wharton SB. Insulin and IGF1 signalling pathways in human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo; characterisation, subcellular localisation and modulation of the receptors. Mol Brain 2015; 8:51. [PMID: 26297026 PMCID: PMC4546315 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin/IGF1 signalling (IIS) pathways are involved in longevity regulation and are dysregulated in neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously showed downregulation in IIS gene expression in astrocytes with AD-neuropathology progression, but IIS in astrocytes remains poorly understood. We therefore examined the IIS pathway in human astrocytes and developed models to reduce IIS at the level of the insulin or the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Results We determined IIS was present and functional in human astrocytes by immunoblotting and showed astrocytes express the insulin receptor (IR)-B isoform of Ir. Immunocytochemistry and cell fractionation followed by western blotting revealed the phosphorylation status of insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) affects its subcellular localisation. To validate IRS1 expression patterns observed in culture, expression of key pathway components was assessed on post-mortem AD and control tissue using immunohistochemistry. Insulin signalling was impaired in cultured astrocytes by treatment with insulin + fructose and resulted in decreased IR and Akt phosphorylation (pAkt S473). A monoclonal antibody against IGF1R (MAB391) induced degradation of IGF1R receptor with an associated decrease in downstream pAkt S473. Neither treatment affected cell growth or viability as measured by MTT and Cyquant® assays or GFAP immunoreactivity. Discussion IIS is functional in astrocytes. IR-B is expressed in astrocytes which differs from the pattern in neurons, and may be important in differential susceptibility of astrocytes and neurons to insulin resistance. The variable presence of IRS1 in the nucleus, dependent on phosphorylation pattern, suggests the function of signalling molecules is not confined to cytoplasmic cascades. Down-regulation of IR and IGF1R, achieved by insulin + fructose and monoclonal antibody treatments, results in decreased downstream signalling, though the lack of effect on viability suggests that astrocytes can compensate for changes in single pathways. Changes in signalling in astrocytes, as well as in neurons, may be important in ageing and neurodegeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0138-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura E Ratcliffe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sarah V Morgan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Helen Owens
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Irina Vazquez-Villaseñor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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90
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Kuroda Y, Kato-Kogoe N, Tasaki E, Yuasa-Sunagawa M, Yamanegi K, Nakasho K, Nakasyo K, Nakase I, Futaki S, Tohyama Y, Hirose M. Suppressive effect of membrane-permeable peptides derived from autophosphorylation sites of the IGF-1 receptor on breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:24-33. [PMID: 26276395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors play a crucial role in the biology of human cancer, making them an attractive target for anti-cancer agents. We previously designed oligopeptides containing the amino-acid sequences surrounding the autophosphorylation sites of the insulin receptor and found that two of them, namely, Ac-DIYET-NH2 and Ac-DYYRK-NH2, suppressed phosphorylation of purified insulin receptors in a non-ATP-competitive manner, whereas Ac-NIYQT-NH2 and Ac-NYYRK-NH2 suppressed in an ATP-competitive manner. Because the IGF-1 receptor is closely related to the insulin receptor, the aim of this study was to observe the effects of these peptides, which correspond to the amino-acid sequences of the autophosphorylation sites of the IGF-1 receptor, on the activity of the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-453. To facilitate peptide delivery into breast cancer cells, the cell-penetrating peptide, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-transactivator of transcription (Tat), was linked to these peptides. When breast cancer cells were treated with each of these synthetic Tat-conjugated peptides, the conjugated peptides penetrated into the cells and suppressed cell proliferation. An inhibitory effect of Tat-conjugated peptides against IGF-1-stimulated phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors was observed. In addition, we found that combinations of these peptides suppressed phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors to a greater extent than the peptides did individually. In conclusion, IGF-1 receptor autophosphorylation site-derived membrane-permeable peptides have the potential to suppress IGF-1 receptor function in breast cancer cells and to be developed into novel and useful agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kuroda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji 670-8524, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kato-Kogoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji 670-8524, Japan; Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Emi Tasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji 670-8524, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yuasa-Sunagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji 670-8524, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Nakasyo
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yumi Tohyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji 670-8524, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hirose
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
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91
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Forest A, Amatulli M, Ludwig DL, Damoci CB, Wang Y, Burns CA, Donoho GP, Zanella N, Fiebig HH, Prewett MC, Surguladze D, DeLigio JT, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Novosiadly R. Intrinsic Resistance to Cixutumumab Is Conferred by Distinct Isoforms of the Insulin Receptor. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1615-26. [PMID: 26263910 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite a recent shift away from anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) therapy, this target has been identified as a key player in the resistance mechanisms to various conventional and targeted agents, emphasizing its value as a therapy, provided that it is used in the right patient population. Molecular markers predictive of antitumor activity of IGF-IR inhibitors remain largely unidentified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms on the antitumor efficacy of cixutumumab, a humanized mAb against IGF-IR, and to correlate their expression with therapeutic outcome. The data demonstrate that expression of total IR rather than individual IR isoforms inversely correlates with single-agent cixutumumab efficacy in pediatric solid tumor models in vivo. Total IR, IR-A, and IR-B expression adversely affects the outcome of cixutumumab in combination with chemotherapy in patient-derived xenograft models of lung adenocarcinoma. IR-A overexpression in tumor cells confers complete resistance to cixutumumab in vitro and in vivo, whereas IR-B results in a partial resistance. Resistance in IR-B-overexpressing cells is fully reversed by anti-IGF-II antibodies, suggesting that IGF-II is a driver of cixutumumab resistance in this setting. The present study links IR isoforms, IGF-II, and cixutumumab efficacy mechanistically and identifies total IR as a biomarker predictive of intrinsic resistance to anti-IGF-IR antibody. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies total IR as a biomarker predictive of primary resistance to IGF-IR antibodies and provides a rationale for new clinical trials enriched for patients whose tumors display low IR expression.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
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92
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Roberts SS, Chou AJ, Cheung NKV. Immunotherapy of Childhood Sarcomas. Front Oncol 2015; 5:181. [PMID: 26301204 PMCID: PMC4528283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of bone and soft tissue origin. Although more than 100 different histologic subtypes have been described, the majority of pediatric cases belong to the Ewing’s family of tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Most patients that present with localized stage are curable with surgery and/or chemotherapy; however, those with metastatic disease at diagnosis or those who experience a relapse continue to have a very poor prognosis. New therapies for these patients are urgently needed. Immunotherapy is an established treatment modality for both liquid and solid tumors, and in pediatrics, most notably for neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. In the past, immunomodulatory agents such as interferon, interleukin-2, and liposomal-muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl-ethanolamine have been tried, with some activity seen in subsets of patients; additionally, various cancer vaccines have been studied with possible benefit. Monoclonal antibody therapies against tumor antigens such as disialoganglioside GD2 or immune checkpoint targets such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 are being actively explored in pediatric sarcomas. Building on the success of adoptive T cell therapy for EBV-related lymphoma, strategies to redirect T cells using chimeric antigen receptors and bispecific antibodies are rapidly evolving with potential for the treatment of sarcomas. This review will focus on recent preclinical and clinical developments in targeted agents for pediatric sarcomas with emphasis on the immunobiology of immune checkpoints, immunoediting, tumor microenvironment, antibody engineering, cell engineering, and tumor vaccines. The future integration of antibody-based and cell-based therapies into an overall treatment strategy of sarcoma will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Alexander J Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
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93
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Chakraborty AK, Zerillo C, DiGiovanna MP. In vitro and in vivo studies of the combination of IGF1R inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) with HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab and neratinib. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26195122 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) has been linked to resistance to HER2-directed therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). We examined the anti-tumor activity of figitumumab (CP-751,871), a human monoclonal antibody that blocks IGF1R ligand binding, alone and in combination with the therapeutic anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab and the pan-HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib, using in vitro and in vivo breast cancer model systems. In vitro assays of proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling, and in vivo anti-tumor experiments were conducted in HER2-overexpressing (BT474) and HER2-normal (MCF7) models. We find single-agent activity of the HER2-targeting drugs but not figitumumab in the BT474 model, while the reverse is true in the MCF7 model. However, in both models, combining figitumumab with HER2-targeting drugs shows synergistic anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects, and optimum inhibition of downstream signaling. In murine xenograft models, synergistic anti-tumor effects were observed in the HER2-normal MCF7 model for the combination of figitumumab with trastuzumab, and, in the HER2-overexpressing BT474 model, enhanced anti-tumor effects were observed for the combination of figitumumab with either trastuzumab or neratinib. Analysis of tumor extracts from the in vivo experiments showed evidence of the most optimal inhibition of downstream signaling for the drug combinations over the single-agent therapies. These results suggest promise for such combinations in treating patients with breast cancer, and that, unlike the case for single-agent therapy, the therapeutic effects of such combinations may be independent of expression levels of the individual receptors or the single-agent activity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Chakraborty
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and Pharmacology, and The Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 120, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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94
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Shigyo M, Kuboyama T, Sawai Y, Tada-Umezaki M, Tohda C. Extracellular vimentin interacts with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor to promote axonal growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12055. [PMID: 26170015 PMCID: PMC4501001 DOI: 10.1038/srep12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is generally recognised as an intracellular protein. Previously, we reported that vimentin was secreted from astrocytes and promoted axonal growth. The effect of extracellular vimentin in neurons was a new finding, but its signalling pathway was unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the signalling mechanism of extracellular vimentin that facilitates axonal growth. We first identified insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as a receptor that is highly phosphorylated by vimentin stimulation. IGF1R blockades diminished vimentin- or IGF1-induced axonal growth in cultured cortical neurons. IGF1, IGF2 and insulin were not detected in the neuron culture medium after vimentin treatment. The combined drug affinity responsive target stability method and western blotting analysis showed that vimentin and IGF1 interacted with IGF1R directly. In addition, immunoprecipitation and western blotting analyses confirmed that recombinant IGF1R bound to vimentin. The results of a molecular dynamics simulation revealed that C-terminal residues (residue number 330-407) in vimentin are the most appropriate binding sites with IGF1R. Thus, extracellular vimentin may be a novel ligand of IGF1R that promotes axonal growth in a similar manner to IGF1. Our results provide novel findings regarding the role of extracellular vimentin and IGF1R in axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shigyo
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sawai
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Department of Translational Research, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masahito Tada-Umezaki
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Department of Translational Research, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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95
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Gong Y, Ma Y, Sinyuk M, Loganathan S, Thompson RC, Sarkaria JN, Chen W, Lathia JD, Mobley BC, Clark SW, Wang J. Insulin-mediated signaling promotes proliferation and survival of glioblastoma through Akt activation. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:48-57. [PMID: 26136493 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic complications such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and type 2 diabetes are associated with poor outcomes in patients with glioblastoma. To control peritumoral edema, use of chronic high-dose steroids in glioblastoma patients is common, which can result in de novo diabetic symptoms. These metabolic complications may affect tumors via profound mechanisms, including activation of insulin receptor (InsR) and the related insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in malignant cells. METHODS In the present study, we assessed expression of InsR in glioblastoma surgical specimens and glioblastoma response to insulin at physiologically relevant concentrations. We further determined whether genetic or pharmacological targeting of InsR affected oncogenic functions of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We showed that InsR was commonly expressed in glioblastoma surgical specimens and xenograft tumor lines, with mitogenic isoform-A predominating. Insulin at physiologically relevant concentrations promoted glioblastoma cell growth and survival, potentially via Akt activation. Depletion of InsR impaired cellular functions and repressed orthotopic tumor growth. The absence of InsR compromised downstream Akt activity, but yet stimulated IGF1R expression. Targeting both InsR and IGF1R with dual kinase inhibitors resulted in effective blockade of downstream signaling, loss of cell viability, and repression of xenograft tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work suggests that glioblastoma is sensitive to the mitogenic functions of insulin, thus significant insulin exposure imposes risks to glioblastoma patients. Additionally, dual inhibition of InsR and IGF1R exhibits promise for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Gong
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Sudan Loganathan
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Stephen W Clark
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.G., Y.M., R.C.T., S.W.C., J.W.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.C.), Department of Neurology (S.W.C.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (B.C.M.), and Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
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96
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Min HY, Yun HJ, Lee JS, Lee HJ, Cho J, Jang HJ, Park SH, Liu D, Oh SH, Lee JJ, Wistuba II, Lee HY. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor and Src signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:113. [PMID: 26041671 PMCID: PMC4453276 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic interventions in the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) pathway were expected to provide clinical benefits; however, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown limited antitumor efficacy, and the mechanisms conveying resistance to these agents remain elusive. Methods The expression and activation of the IGF-1R and Src were assessed via the analysis of a publicly available dataset, as well as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and in vitro kinase assays. The efficacy of IGF-1R TKIs alone or in combination with Src inhibitors was analyzed using MTT assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometric analysis, and xenograft tumor models. Results The co-activation of IGF-1R and Src was observed in multiple human NSCLC cell lines as well as in a tissue microarray (n = 353). The IGF-1R and Src proteins mutually phosphorylate on their autophosphorylation sites. In high-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, linsitinib treatment initially inactivated the IGF-1R pathway but led a Src-dependent reactivation of downstream effectors. In low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, linsitinib treatment decreased the turnover of the IGF-1R and Src proteins, ultimately amplifying the reciprocal co-activation of IGF-1R and Src. Co-targeting IGF-1R and Src significantly suppressed the proliferation and tumor growth of both high-pSrc-expressing and low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo and the growth of patient-derived tissues in vivo. Conclusions Reciprocal activation between Src and IGF-1R occurs in NSCLC. Src causes IGF-1R TKI resistance by acting as a key downstream modulator of the cross-talk between multiple membrane receptors. Targeting Src is a clinically applicable strategy to overcome resistance to IGF-1R TKIs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0392-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seung-Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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97
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Zhao Q, Tran H, Dimitrov DS, Cheung NKV. A dual-specific anti-IGF-1/IGF-2 human monoclonal antibody alone and in combination with temsirolimus for therapy of neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2243-52. [PMID: 25924852 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-1 and IGF-2, have been implicated in the growth, survival and metastasis of a broad range of malignancies including pediatric tumors. They bind to the IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and the insulin receptor (IR) which are overexpressed in many types of solid malignancies. Activation of the IR by IGF-2 results in increased survival of tumor cells. We have previously identified a novel human monoclonal antibody, m708.5, which binds with high (pM) affinity to both human IGF-1 and IGF-2, and potently inhibits phosphorylation of the IGF-1R and the IR in tumor cells. m708.5 exhibited strong antitumor activity as a single agent against most cell lines derived from neuroblastoma, Ewing family of tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. When tested in neuroblastoma cell lines, it showed strong synergy with temsirolimus and synergy with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. In xenograft models, the combination of m708.5 and temsirolimus significantly inhibited neuroblastoma growth and prolonged mouse survival. Taken together, these results support the clinical development of m708.5 for pediatric solid tumors with potential for synergy with chemotherapy and mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Hoa Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Protein Interaction Section, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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98
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Screening and biological evaluation of myricetin as a multiple target inhibitor insulin, epidermal growth factor, and androgen receptor; in silico and in vitro. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:575-93. [PMID: 25895100 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is a naturally omnipresent benzo-α-pyrone flavonoids derivative; has potent anticancer activity. Receptor tyrosine kinases family provides the decisive role in cancer initiation and progression. These receptors have recently caught the attention of the researchers as an attractive target to combat cancer, owing to the evidences endorsed their over-expression on cancer cells. This study is a concerted effort to explore the potent and specific multi-targeted inhibitor against RTKs and AR\ER employing molecular docking approach. IR, IGF1R, EGFR, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and AR\ER were chosen as a protein and natural compounds as a ligand. Molecular docking procedure followed by using Maestro 9.6 (Schrödinger Inc). All natural compounds were docked with the X-ray crystal structures of selected proteins by employing grid-based ligand docking with energetics Maestro 9.6. IBS natural compounds docked with each selected protein molecules by using GLIDE high throughput virtual screening. On the basis of Gscore, we selected 20 compounds from IBS (50,000 compounds) along with 68 anticancer compounds from published literature for GLIDE extra precision molecular docking. Calculated docking free energy yielded the excellent dock score for the myricetin when docked with proteins EGFR, IR, and AR\ER. Protein-ligand interactions profile highlighted that the lipophilic, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions play a central role in protein-ligand interactions at the active site. The results of MTT assay reveal that the myricetin inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the myricetin led to down-regulation of mRNA expression of EGFR, IR, mTOR, and Bcl-2. Although, further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are required for the experimental validation of our findings.
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99
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Zhou Q. BMS-536924, an ATP-competitive IGF-1R/IR inhibitor, decreases viability and migration of temozolomide-resistant glioma cells in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:689-97. [PMID: 25897243 PMCID: PMC4396459 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s80047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Despite the combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the median survival duration of patients with malignant glioma is still very short. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary and most promising therapeutic drug for glioma; however, it is easy to develop acquired resistance during treatment. Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been identified to be involved in the acquisition of resistance toward many anticancer drugs. So inhibition of RTKs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming or attenuating acquired drug resistance. Here, we have investigated the anticancer activities of BMS-536924, an ATP-competitive IGF-1R/IR inhibitor in glioma, especially TMZ-resistant glioma, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that BMS-536924 could effectively reduce viability of both TMZ-sensitive and -resistant glioma cells. BMS-536924 induced dramatic apoptosis in TMZ-resistant cells, and it also dramatically inhibited migration of TMZ-resistant cells. Importantly, BMS-536924 significantly suppressed glioma tumor growth in vivo. This is the first report on anticancer activity of BMS-536924 in glioma. BMS-536924 is a promising compound in the therapy of glioma, especially of TMZ-resistant glioma, which might shed new light on glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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100
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Rostoker R, Abelson S, Bitton-Worms K, Genkin I, Ben-Shmuel S, Dakwar M, Orr ZS, Caspi A, Tzukerman M, LeRoith D. Highly specific role of the insulin receptor in breast cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:145-57. [PMID: 25694511 PMCID: PMC4362669 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from clinical trials indicates that specific targeting of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) is not efficient as an anti-breast cancer treatment. One possible reason is that the mitogenic signals from the insulin receptor (IR) can be processed independently or as compensation to inhibition of the IGF1R. In this study, we highlight the role of the IR in mediating breast tumor progression in both WT mice and a hyperinsulinemic MKR mouse model by induction of Ir (Insr) or Igf1r knockdown (KD) in the mammary carcinoma Mvt-1 cell line. By using the specific IR antagonist-S961, we demonstrated that Igf1r-KD induces elevated responses by the IR to IGF1. On the other hand, Ir-KD cells generated significantly smaller tumors in the mammary fat pads of both WT and MKR mice, as opposed to control cells, whereas the Igf1r-KD cells did not. The tumorigenic effects of insulin on the Mvt-1 cells were also demonstrated using microarray analysis, which indicates alteration of genes and signaling pathways involved in proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis following insulin stimulation. In addition, the correlation between IR and the potential prognostic marker for aggressive breast cancer, CD24, was examined in the Ir-KD cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed more than 60% reduction in CD24 expression in the Ir-KD cells when compared with the control cells. Our results also indicate that CD24-expressing cells can restore, at least in part, the tumorigenic capacity of Ir-KD cells. Taken together, our results highlight the mitogenic role of the IR in mammary tumor progression with a direct link to CD24 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Rostoker
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sagi Abelson
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Keren Bitton-Worms
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Inna Genkin
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maria Dakwar
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Zila Shen Orr
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Avishay Caspi
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maty Tzukerman
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of MedicineTechnion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, IsraelThe Laboratory of Molecular MedicineRambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, IsraelDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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