51
|
Herzog JI, Schmahl C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Somatic Conditions Across the Lifespan. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30233435 PMCID: PMC6131660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as sexual and physical abuse or neglect are frequent in childhood and constitute a massive stressor with long-lasting adverse effects on the brain, mental and physical health.The aim of this qualitative review is to present a concise overview of the present literature on the impact of ACE on neurobiology, mental and somatic health in later adulthood. Methods: The authors reviewed the existing literature on the impact of ACE on neurobiology, mental and somatic health in later adulthood and summarized the results for a concise qualitative overview. Results: In adulthood, the history of ACE can result in complex clinical profiles with several co-occurring mental and somatic disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, borderline personality disorder, obesity and diabetes. Although a general stress effect in the development of the disorders and neural alterations can be assumed, the role of type and timing of ACE is of particular interest in terms of prevention and treatment of ACE-related mental and somatic conditions. It has been suggested that during certain vulnerable developmental phases the risk for subsequent ACE-related disorders is increased. Moreover, emerging evidence points to sensitive periods and specificity of ACE-subtypes in the development of neurobiological alterations, e.g., volumetric and functional changes in the amygdala and hippocampus. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate complex ACE-related characteristics and mechanisms relevant for mental and somatic disorders by integrating state of the art knowledge and methods. By identifying and validating psychosocial and somatic risk factors and diagnostic markers one might improve the development of innovative somatic and psychological treatment options for individuals suffering from ACE-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia I Herzog
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Guassi Moreira JF, Telzer EH. Family conflict is associated with longitudinal changes in insular-striatal functional connectivity during adolescent risk taking under maternal influence. Dev Sci 2017; 21:e12632. [PMID: 29226484 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal presence has marked effects on adolescent neurocognition during risk taking, influencing teenagers to make safer decisions. However, it is currently unknown whether maternal buffering changes over the course of adolescence itself, and whether its effects are robust to individual differences in family relationship quality. In the current longitudinal study, 23 adolescents completed a risk-taking task under maternal presence during an fMRI scan before and after the transition to high school. Behavioral results reveal that adolescent risk taking increased under maternal presence across a one-year period. At the neural level, we found that adolescents reporting higher family conflict showed longitudinal increases in functional coupling between the anterior insula (AI) and ventral striatum (VS) when making safe decisions in the presence of their mother, which was associated with increased real-world risk taking. These findings show that individual differences in family relationship quality undermine effective development of AI-VS connectivity resulting in increased risk taking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Op de Macks ZA, Bunge SA, Bell ON, Kriegsfeld LJ, Kayser AS, Dahl RE. The effect of social rank feedback on risk taking and associated reward processes in adolescent girls. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:240-250. [PMID: 27614768 PMCID: PMC5390714 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of adolescence is associated with an increased tendency to engage in risky behaviors and a developmental shift toward peers that contributes to increased prioritization for learning about and achieving social status. There is relatively little understanding about the specific links between these adolescent-typical phenomena, particularly regarding their neural underpinnings. Based on existing models that suggest the role of puberty in promoting adolescent status-seeking and risk-taking tendencies, we investigated the relation of pubertal hormones with behavioral and neural responses to status-relevant social information in the context of risk taking. We used a probabilistic decision task in which 11- to 13-year-old girls chose to take a risk, or not, while receiving either social rank or monetary performance feedback. While feedback type did not differentially influence risk-taking behavior, whole-brain imaging results showed that activation in the anterior insula was increased for risk taking in the social rank feedback condition compared to the monetary feedback condition. This heightened activation was more pronounced in girls with higher estradiol levels. These findings suggest that brain processes involved in adolescent risky decisions may be influenced by the desire for social-status enhancement and provide preliminary evidence for the role of pubertal hormones in enhancing this adolescent-typical social sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena A Op de Macks
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Orly N Bell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.,Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, 1121 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1690, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
V. Jordan Greenbaum discusses ways healthcare providers can identify children trafficked for sex to provide for their physical and mental health and their social and educational needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Jordan Greenbaum
- Stephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhang S, Hu S, Fucito LM, Luo X, Mazure CM, Zaborszky L, Li CSR. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Cigarette Smokers: Dependence Level and Gender Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:452-459. [PMID: 27613921 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have characterized impaired cerebral functioning in nicotine-addicted individuals. Whereas nicotine interacts with multiple neurotransmitters in cortical and subcortical circuits, it directly targets the cholinergic system, sourced primarily from the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM). However, no studies have examined how this cholinergic system is influenced by cigarette smoking. Here, we addressed this gap of research. Methods Using a dataset from the Functional Connectome Projects, we investigated this issue by contrasting seed-based BNM connectivity of 40 current smokers and 170 age- and gender-matched nonsmokers. We followed our data analytic routines in recent work and examined differences between smokers and nonsmokers in men and women combined as well as separately. Results Compared to nonsmokers, female but not male smokers demonstrated greater positive BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area, bilateral anterior insula, and right superior temporal/supramarginal gyri as well as greater negative connectivity to the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Further, BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area is negatively correlated to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score in male but not female smokers. Conclusions Along with a previous report of upregulated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in male but not female smokers, these new findings highlight functional changes of the cholinergic systems in cigarette smokers. The results suggest sex-specific differences in cholinergic dysregulation and a need for multiple imaging modalities to capture the neural markers of nicotine addiction. Implications Nicotine influences cognition via cholinergic projections of the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex. This study examined changes in resting-state whole-brain functional connectivity of the BNM in cigarette smokers. The new findings elucidate for the first time sex differences in BNM-cerebral connectivity in cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Women's Health Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Eckstrand KL, Choukas-Bradley S, Mohanty A, Cross M, Allen NB, Silk JS, Jones NP, Forbes EE. Heightened activity in social reward networks is associated with adolescents' risky sexual behaviors. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 27:1-9. [PMID: 28755632 PMCID: PMC5901964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N=47; 18M, 29F; 16.3±1.4years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience) completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sexual partners) on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Neural response and functional connectivity to social reward were compared for adolescents with higher- and lower-risk sexual behavior. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors demonstrated increased activation in the right precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction during receipt of social reward. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors also demonstrated greater functional connectivity between the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and left anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The greater activation and functional connectivity in self-referential, social reward, and affective processing regions among higher sexual risk adolescents underscores the importance of social influence underlying sexual risk behaviors. Furthermore, results suggest an orientation towards and sensitivity to social rewards among youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior, perhaps as a consequence of or vulnerability to such behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Eckstrand
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Arpita Mohanty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marissa Cross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neil P Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kim-Spoon J, Deater-Deckard K, Lauharatanahirun N, Farley J, Chiu PH, Bickel WK, King-Casas B. Neural Interaction Between Risk Sensitivity and Cognitive Control Predicting Health Risk Behaviors Among Late Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:674-682. [PMID: 28776832 PMCID: PMC5549676 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The developmental period of adolescence is characterized by increasing incidence of health risk behaviors (HRBs). Based on theoretical models that emphasize the moderating role of cognitive control, this study examined how neural correlates of cognitive control and risk sensitivity interact to predict HRBs among late adolescents (17-20 years). Neuroimaging data indicate that risk-related hemodynamic activity in the anterior insula during anticipation of uncertain outcomes predicts HRBs among late adolescents exhibiting greater dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity during a cognitive interference task but not among late adolescents requiring less dACC activity. These results present neural evidence for a significant moderating effect of cognitive control on the link between risk sensitivity and HRBs among late adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA
| | - Julee Farley
- Virginia Tech Center for Research in SEAD Education
| | - Pearl H. Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Liu L, Li W, Zhang Y, Qin W, Lu S, Zhang Q. Weaker Functional Connectivity Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:390. [PMID: 28736516 PMCID: PMC5500656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to cognitive impairments and increased risk for dementia. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated T2DM-related brain structural and functional changes which are partly associated to the cognitive decline. However, few studies focused on the early neuroimaging findingsin T2DM patients. In this study, a data-driven whole-brain resting state functional connectivity strength (rsFCS) methodwas used to evaluate resting functional changes in 53 T2DM patients compared with 55 matched healthy controls (HCs), and to detect the associations between the rsFCSchanges and cognitive functions in T2DM patients. The T2DM patients exhibited weaker long-range rsFCS in the right insula and weaker short-range rsFCS in the right supramarginalgyrus (SG) compared with the HCs. Additionally, seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed weaker FC between the right insula and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), and between the right SG and the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA)/right SPL in T2DM patientscompared with the HCs. In T2DM patients, negative correlation was found between the long-range rsFCS in the right insula and HbA1c levels; and the FC between the right SG and the bilateral SMA negatively correlated with TMT-A scores. Our results indicated that the rsFCS alteration occurredbefore obvious cognitive deficits in T2DM patients, which might be helpful for understanding the neuromechanism of cognitive declines in T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Wanhu Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Hein TC, Monk CS. Research Review: Neural response to threat in children, adolescents, and adults after child maltreatment - a quantitative meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:222-230. [PMID: 27778344 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is common and has long-term consequences for affective function. Investigations of neural consequences of maltreatment have focused on the amygdala. However, developmental neuroscience indicates that other brain regions are also likely to be affected by child maltreatment, particularly in the social information processing network (SIPN). We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to: confirm that maltreatment is related to greater bilateral amygdala activation in a large sample that was pooled across studies; investigate other SIPN structures that are likely candidates for altered function; and conduct a data-driven examination to identify additional regions that show altered activation in maltreated children, teens, and adults. METHODS We conducted an activation likelihood estimation analysis with 1,733 participants across 20 studies of emotion processing in maltreated individuals. RESULTS Maltreatment is associated with increased bilateral amygdala activation to emotional faces. One SIPN structure is altered: superior temporal gyrus, of the detection node, is hyperactive in maltreated individuals. The results of the whole-brain corrected analysis also show hyperactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus and insula in maltreated individuals. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis confirms that maltreatment is related to increased bilateral amygdala reactivity and also shows that maltreatment affects multiple additional structures in the brain that have received little attention in the literature. Thus, although the majority of studies examining maltreatment and brain function have focused on the amygdala, these findings indicate that the neural consequences of child maltreatment involve a broader network of structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Hein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Buklina SB, Bykanov AE, Pitskhelauri DI. [Clinical characteristics of epileptic seizures in insular gliomas]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 116:13-19. [PMID: 28139619 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611612113-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the characteristics of epileptic seizures in insular gliomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five patients with insular gliomas were examined. The spread of a tumor was established by MRI results and intraoperational findings. A tumor within the insular only was found in 9 out of 45 patients (7 left-sided and 2 right-sided). In 36 patients, a tumor slightly spread into temporal lobe pole and medial-basal regions of the frontal lobe (27 left-sided and 18 right-sided). The control group consisted of 50 patients with tumors of temporal and frontal lobes. RESULTS Paroxysmal symptoms were similar in patients with tumors of the insular and patients with tumors of temporal lobes. Seizures in patients with frontal lobe tumors differed significantly from insular and temporal tumors, with the exception of a tumor localized in the opercula area. The following quantitative differences were identified: different forms of unconsciousness were significantly less frequent in symptomatic epilepsy in patients with insular tumor than in epilepsy caused by temporal lobe tumors (36% of patients vs 84% in temporal tumors (p<0.0001)). In patients with insular tumors, olfactory and taste hallucinations occur more often compared to temporal lobe tumors (51% vs 16% (p<0.003). The frequency of paroxysmal seizures of fear and anxiety in patients with those tumors was similar (20% with insular tumors and 14 with temporal tumors). An autonomic component of episeizures did not differ between tumors of both localizations. Olfactory and taste hallucinations were qualitatively similar in insular and temporal lobe tumors: smell and taste were unpleasant or associated with a danger: smell of burning, gas, something spoiled, sour, tart chemistry, taste of somethong metallic, chemical, sour. No pleasant smell or taste were reported. CONCLUSION Epileptic seizures in insular tumors had similarities and certain differences compared with temporal seizures that well reflect function of the insula and its links, in the first turn, with limbic system structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Buklina
- FGBOU 'Nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut nejrohirurgii', Moskva, Rossija
| | - A E Bykanov
- FGBOU 'Nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut nejrohirurgii', Moskva, Rossija
| | - D I Pitskhelauri
- FGBOU 'Nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut nejrohirurgii', Moskva, Rossija
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Uy JP, Galván A. Sleep duration moderates the association between insula activation and risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
62
|
Guyer AE, Silk JS, Nelson EE. The neurobiology of the emotional adolescent: From the inside out. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:74-85. [PMID: 27506384 PMCID: PMC5074886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are commonly portrayed as highly emotional, with their behaviors often hijacked by their emotions. Research on the neural substrates of adolescent affective behavior is beginning to paint a more nuanced picture of how neurodevelopmental changes in brain function influence affective behavior, and how these influences are modulated by external factors in the environment. Recent neurodevelopmental models suggest that the brain is designed to promote emotion regulation, learning, and affiliation across development, and that affective behavior reciprocally interacts with age-specific social demands and different social contexts. In this review, we discuss current findings on neurobiological mechanisms of adolescents' affective behavior and highlight individual differences in and social-contextual influences on adolescents' emotionality. Neurobiological mechanisms of affective processes related to anxiety and depression are also discussed as examples. As the field progresses, it will be critical to test new hypotheses generated from the foundational empirical and conceptual work and to focus on identifying more precisely how and when neural networks change in ways that promote or thwart adaptive affective behavior during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Section on Developmental Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
The development of social cognition in adolescence: An integrated perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:106-120. [PMID: 27545755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Social cognitive processes are critical in navigating complex social interactions and are associated with a network of brain areas termed the 'social brain'. Here, we describe the development of social cognition, and the structural and functional changes in the social brain during adolescence, a period of life characterised by extensive changes in social behaviour and environments. Neuroimaging and behavioural studies have demonstrated that the social brain and social cognition undergo significant development in human adolescence. Development of social cognition and the social brain are discussed in the context of developments in other neural systems, such as those implicated in motivational-affective and cognitive control processes. Successful transition to adulthood requires the rapid refinement and integration of these processes and many adolescent-typical behaviours, such as peer influence and sensitivity to social exclusion, involve dynamic interactions between these systems. Considering these interactions, and how they vary between individuals and across development, could increase our understanding of adolescent brain and behavioural development.
Collapse
|
64
|
Durlak W, Herman-Sucharska I, Urbanik A, Klimek M, Karcz P, Dutkowska G, Nitecka M, Kwinta P. Relationship between Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Frontoinsular Gray Matter and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Children at the Age of 4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156064. [PMID: 27223474 PMCID: PMC4880287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Very low birth weight is associated with long term neurodevelopmental complications. Macroscopic brain abnormalities in prematurity survivors have been investigated in several studies. However, there is limited data regarding local cerebral metabolic status and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between proton magnetic resonance spectra in basal ganglia, frontal white matter and frontoinsular gray matter, neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed with the Leiter scale and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception and selected socioeconomic variables in a cohort of very low birth weight children at the age of four. Children were divided in three groups based on the severity of neurodevelopmental impairment. There were no differences in spectroscopy in basal ganglia and frontal white matter between the groups. Lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and myoinositol (mI) were observed in the frontoinsular cortex of the left hemisphere in children with neurodevelopmental impairment compared to children with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Higher parental education, daycare attendance and breastfeeding after birth were associated with more favorable neurodevelopmental prognosis, whereas rural residence was more prevalent in children with moderate and severe impairment. Our study demonstrates the role of long term neurometabolic disruption in the left frontoinsular cortex and selected socioeconomic variables in determination of neurodevelopmental prognosis in prematurity survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Durlak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Izabela Herman-Sucharska
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Klimek
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Dutkowska
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nitecka
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Przemko Kwinta
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Shulman EP, Smith AR, Silva K, Icenogle G, Duell N, Chein J, Steinberg L. The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 17:103-17. [PMID: 26774291 PMCID: PMC6990093 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the dual systems perspective, risk taking peaks during adolescence because activation of an early-maturing socioemotional-incentive processing system amplifies adolescents' affinity for exciting, pleasurable, and novel activities at a time when a still immature cognitive control system is not yet strong enough to consistently restrain potentially hazardous impulses. We review evidence from both the psychological and neuroimaging literatures that has emerged since 2008, when this perspective was originally articulated. Although there are occasional exceptions to the general trends, studies show that, as predicted, psychological and neural manifestations of reward sensitivity increase between childhood and adolescence, peak sometime during the late teen years, and decline thereafter, whereas psychological and neural reflections of better cognitive control increase gradually and linearly throughout adolescence and into the early 20s. While some forms of real-world risky behavior peak at a later age than predicted, this likely reflects differential opportunities for risk-taking in late adolescence and young adulthood, rather than neurobiological differences that make this age group more reckless. Although it is admittedly an oversimplification, as a heuristic device, the dual systems model provides a far more accurate account of adolescent risk taking than prior models that have attributed adolescent recklessness to cognitive deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Shulman
- Brock University, Psychology Department, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Ashley R Smith
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Karol Silva
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Grace Icenogle
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Natasha Duell
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Jason Chein
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Kayser AS, Op de Macks Z, Dahl RE, Frank MJ. A Neural Correlate of Strategic Exploration at the Onset of Adolescence. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 28:199-209. [PMID: 26488590 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The onset of adolescence is associated with an increase in the behavioral tendency to explore and seek novel experiences. However, this exploration has rarely been quantified, and its neural correlates during this period remain unclear. Previously, activity within specific regions of the rostrolateral PFC (rlPFC) in adults has been shown to correlate with the tendency for exploration. Here we investigate a recently developed task to assess individual differences in strategic exploration, defined as the degree to which the relative uncertainty of rewards directs responding toward less well-evaluated choices, in 62 girls aged 11-13 years from whom resting state fMRI data were obtained in a separate session. Behaviorally, this task divided our participants into groups of explorers (n = 41) and nonexplorers (n = 21). When seed ROIs within the rlPFC were used to interrogate resting state fMRI data, we identified a lateralized connection between the rlPFC and posterior putamen/insula whose strength differentiated explorers from nonexplorers. On the basis of Granger causality analyses, the preponderant direction of influence may proceed from posterior to anterior. Together, these data provide initial evidence concerning the neural basis of exploratory tendencies at the onset of adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Kayser
- University of California, San Francisco.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Fareri DS, Gabard-Durnam L, Goff B, Flannery J, Gee DG, Lumian DS, Caldera C, Tottenham N. Normative development of ventral striatal resting state connectivity in humans. Neuroimage 2015; 118:422-37. [PMID: 26087377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Incentives play a crucial role in guiding behavior throughout our lives, but perhaps no more so than during the early years of life. The ventral striatum is a critical piece of an incentive-based learning circuit, sharing robust anatomical connections with subcortical (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus) and cortical structures (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), insula) that collectively support incentive valuation and learning. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is a powerful method that provides insight into the development of the functional architecture of these connections involved in incentive-based learning. We employed a seed-based correlation approach to investigate ventral striatal rsFC in a cross-sectional sample of typically developing individuals between the ages of 4.5 and 23-years old (n=66). Ventral striatal rsFC with the mPFC showed regionally specific linear age-related changes in connectivity that were associated with age-related increases in circulating testosterone levels. Further, ventral striatal connectivity with the posterior hippocampus and posterior insula demonstrated quadratic age-related changes characterized by negative connectivity in adolescence. Finally, across this age range, the ventral striatum demonstrated positive coupling with the amygdala beginning during childhood and remaining consistently positive across age. In sum, our findings suggest that normative ventral striatal rsFC development is dynamic and characterized by early establishment of connectivity with medial prefrontal and limbic structures supporting incentive-based learning, as well as substantial functional reorganization with later developing regions during transitions into and out of adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S Fareri
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA.
| | - Laurel Gabard-Durnam
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bonnie Goff
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel S Lumian
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Christina Caldera
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Henje Blom E, Connolly CG, Ho TC, LeWinn KZ, Mobayed N, Han L, Paulus MP, Wu J, Simmons AN, Yang TT. Altered insular activation and increased insular functional connectivity during sad and happy face processing in adolescent major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 178:215-23. [PMID: 25827506 PMCID: PMC4412607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and occurs commonly first during adolescence. The insular cortex (IC) plays an important role in integrating emotion processing with interoception and has been implicated recently in the pathophysiology of adult and adolescent MDD. However, no studies have yet specifically examined the IC in adolescent MDD during processing of faces in the sad-happy continuum. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the IC during sad and happy face processing in adolescents with MDD compared to healthy controls (HCL). METHODS Thirty-one adolescents (22 female) with MDD and 36 (23 female) HCL underwent a well-validated emotional processing fMRI paradigm that included sad and happy face stimuli. RESULTS The MDD group showed significantly less differential activation of the anterior/middle insular cortex (AMIC) in response to sad versus happy faces compared to the HCL group. AMIC also showed greater functional connectivity with right fusiform gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and right amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus in the MDD compared to HCL group. Moreover, differential activation to sad and happy faces in AMIC correlated negatively with depression severity within the MDD group. LIMITATIONS Small age-range and cross-sectional nature precluded assessment of development of the AMIC in adolescent depression. CONCLUSIONS Given the role of the IC in integrating bodily stimuli with conscious cognitive and emotional processes, our findings of aberrant AMIC function in adolescent MDD provide a neuroscientific rationale for targeting the AMIC in the development of new treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nisreen Mobayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; The Veterans Affairs Health Care System of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Vetter NC, Pilhatsch M, Weigelt S, Ripke S, Smolka MN. Mid-adolescent neurocognitive development of ignoring and attending emotional stimuli. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 14:23-31. [PMID: 26093849 PMCID: PMC6989835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate reactions toward emotional stimuli depend on the distribution of prefrontal attentional resources. In mid-adolescence, prefrontal top-down control systems are less engaged, while subcortical bottom-up emotional systems are more engaged. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to follow the neural development of attentional distribution, i.e. attending versus ignoring emotional stimuli, in adolescence. 144 healthy adolescents were studied longitudinally at age 14 and 16 while performing a perceptual discrimination task. Participants viewed two pairs of stimuli--one emotional, one abstract--and reported on one pair whether the items were the same or different, while ignoring the other pair. Hence, two experimental conditions were created: "attending emotion/ignoring abstract" and "ignoring emotion/attending abstract". Emotional valence varied between negative, positive, and neutral. Across conditions, reaction times and error rates decreased and activation in the anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus increased from age 14 to 16. In contrast, subcortical regions showed no developmental effect. Activation of the anterior insula increased across ages for attending positive and ignoring negative emotions. Results suggest an ongoing development of prefrontal top-down resources elicited by emotional attention from age 14 to 16 while activity of subcortical regions representing bottom-up processing remains stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora C Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Weigelt
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Feldstein Ewing SW, Houck JM, Bryan AD. Neural activation during response inhibition is associated with adolescents' frequency of risky sex and substance use. Addict Behav 2015; 44:80-87. [PMID: 25532443 PMCID: PMC4354873 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION While many have identified the important role of the developing brain in youth risk behavior, few have examined the relationship between salient cognitive factors (response inhibition) and different types of real-world adolescent health risk behaviors such as substance use and risky sex, within the same sample of youth. METHODS We therefore sought to examine these relationships with 95 high-risk youth (ages 14-18; M age = 16.29 years). We examined blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to an fMRI-based cognitive task designed to assess response inhibition (Go/NoGo) and past month risk behavior (number of substance use days; number of unprotected sex days). RESULTS For this sample of youth, we found significant negative correlations between past month substance use and response inhibition within the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right insula (uncorrected p < .001; extent threshold ≥ 10 voxels). In addition, in the same contrast, we found significant positive correlations between past month risky sex and activation within the right IFG and left middle occipital gyrus (uncorrected p < .001; extent threshold ≥ 10 voxels). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the particular relevance of these regions in this compelling, albeit slightly different, pattern of response for adolescent risky behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychiatry, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC09 5030, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jon M Houck
- University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), 2650 Yale Blvd SE, MSC11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- The University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development. Neuroimage 2014; 104:347-54. [PMID: 25234119 PMCID: PMC4330550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is associated with quickly changing environmental demands which require excellent adaptive skills and high cognitive flexibility. Feedback-guided adaptive learning and cognitive flexibility are driven by reward prediction error (RPE) signals, which indicate the accuracy of expectations and can be estimated using computational models. Despite the importance of cognitive flexibility during adolescence, only little is known about how RPE processing in cognitive flexibility deviates between adolescence and adulthood. In this study, we investigated the developmental aspects of cognitive flexibility by means of computational models and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared the neural and behavioral correlates of cognitive flexibility in healthy adolescents (12–16 years) to adults performing a probabilistic reversal learning task. Using a modified risk-sensitive reinforcement learning model, we found that adolescents learned faster from negative RPEs than adults. The fMRI analysis revealed that within the RPE network, the adolescents had a significantly altered RPE-response in the anterior insula. This effect seemed to be mainly driven by increased responses to negative prediction errors. In summary, our findings indicate that decision making in adolescence goes beyond merely increased reward-seeking behavior and provides a developmental perspective to the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility in the context of reinforcement learning. Adolescents and adults show differences in processing RPEs. Adolescents learn faster from negative prediction errors. The anterior insula activation may cause altered sensitivity to RPEs.
Collapse
|
72
|
Verdejo-García A, Verdejo-Román J, Rio-Valle JS, Lacomba JA, Lagos FM, Soriano-Mas C. Dysfunctional involvement of emotion and reward brain regions on social decision making in excess weight adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:226-37. [PMID: 25168709 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese adolescents suffer negative social experiences, but no studies have examined whether obesity is associated with dysfunction of the social brain or whether social brain abnormalities relate to disadvantageous traits and social decisions. We aimed at mapping functional activation differences in the brain circuitry of social decision making in adolescents with excess versus normal weight, and at examining whether these separate patterns correlate with reward/punishment sensitivity, disordered eating features, and behavioral decisions. In this fMRI study, 80 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old were classified in two groups based on age adjusted body mass index (BMI) percentiles: normal weight (n = 44, BMI percentiles 5th-84th) and excess weight (n = 36, BMI percentile ≥ 85th). Participants were scanned while performing a social decision-making task (ultimatum game) in which they chose to "accept" or "reject" offers to split monetary stakes made by another peer. Offers varied in fairness (Fair vs. Unfair) but in all cases "accepting" meant both players win the money, whereas "rejecting" meant both lose it. We showed that adolescents with excess weight compared to controls display significantly decreased activation of anterior insula, anterior cingulate, and midbrain during decisions about Unfair versus Fair offers. Moreover, excess weight subjects show lower sensitivity to reward and more maturity fears, which correlate with insula activation. Indeed, blunted insula activation accounted for the relationship between maturity fears and acceptance of unfair offers. Excess weight adolescents have diminished activation of brain regions essential for affective tracking of social decision making, which accounts for the association between maturity fears and social decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Wellington Rd, Melbourne (Australia); Department of Clinical Psychology & Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada. Campus de Cartuja S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|