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Park WB, Hwang YH, Cheong HJ. COVID-19 Vaccination in Korea. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:135-149. [PMID: 37021429 PMCID: PMC10079439 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2020, various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been developed and approved. As of February 2023, mRNA vaccines including bivalent vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna), recombinant protein vaccines (Novavax, SK Bioscience), and viral vector vaccines (AstraZeneca, Janssen) have been approved in Korea. COVID-19 vaccination can effectively reduce hospitalization and deaths due to symptomatic COVID-19, especially severe and critical COVID-19. The primary series vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended for all adults aged ≥18 years in Korea. Booster vaccination with the bivalent mRNA vaccine is available for those ≥12 years who have completed the primary series vaccination, regardless of the type of vaccine previously received, and is recommended for all adults. Booster vaccination can be administered since 90 days after the last dose. Localized and systemic adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination are relatively common and more frequently documented in younger age groups. Rare but potentially serious specialized adverse reactions include anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, myocarditis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Previous severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, to any COVID19 vaccine or vaccine component are considered a contraindication for vaccination. The indications and schedule for COVID-19 vaccination are subject to change based on further research results and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Opoka-Winiarska V, Lipinska J, Michalak A, Burzyński J, Kądziołka O, Smolewska E. Safety of the COVID-19 vaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-A observational study from two pediatric rheumatology centres in Poland. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1103763. [PMID: 36969290 PMCID: PMC10036832 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The safety of COVID-19 vaccines in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the concern of patients and their parents and doctors in the current pandemic reality. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with JIA. Method A cohort study based on short clinical follow-up of 43 children with JIA was conducted in the years 2021-2022 in two centres of paediatric rheumatology in Poland. All patients received mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The patients' data were collected using appropriate validated questionnaire. Disease activity was evaluated using Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27-joint count (JADAS-27). Results Ten (22.7%) children had COVID-19 infection before getting COVID-19 vaccine. After first dose of COVID-19 vaccine 25/43 (58.1%) patients presented typical adverse events: arm pain or oedema at the application side or weakness. Also, twenty five (58.1%) children had side effects after second dose of this vaccine, however the spectrum of the symptoms was wider (additionally: headache, fever, lymphadenopathy, arrhythmia). Thirteen out of 43 (30.2%) patients had active disease before and 8/43 (18.6%) after COVID-19 vaccination, while the degree of JADAS-27 activity was higher in the study group before COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.047). Conclusions Our study found out that children and adolescents with JIA with remission without treatment or on the long-term treatment-cDMARDs or even bDMARDs, can be safely vaccinated for COVID-19. Moreover, the study found that COVID-19 vaccination does not interfere with the JIA treatment and does not exacerbate symptoms of the disease and that vaccination protected against developing COVID-19 in children with JIA even on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Opoka-Winiarska
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: Violetta Opoka-Winiarska
| | - Joanna Lipinska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Burzyński
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Kądziołka
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University Children's Hospital of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smolewska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lublin, Poland
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Valore L, Junker T, Heilmann E, Zuern CS, Streif M, Drexler B, Arranto C, Halter JP, Berger CT. Case report: mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine-associated myopericarditis: Successful treatment and re-exposure with colchicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1135848. [PMID: 37139123 PMCID: PMC10149711 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1135848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine-induced myocarditis is a rare complication of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines. Case presentation We report a case of acute myopericarditis in a recipient of allogeneic hematopoietic cells following the first dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine and the successful administration of a second and third dose while on prophylactic treatment with colchicine to successfully complete the vaccination. Conclusion Treatment and prevention of mRNA-vaccine-induced myopericarditis represent a clinical challenge. The use of colchicine is feasible and safe to potentially reduce the risk of this rare but severe complication and allows re-exposure to an mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valore
- Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Luca Valore
| | - Till Junker
- Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Heilmann
- Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Christine S. Zuern
- Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jörg P. Halter
- Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T. Berger
- Translational Immunology, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Corradetti S, Sclafani M, Mistrulli R, Gallo G, Pagannone E, Di Girolamo M, Autore C, Battistoni A, Volpe M. Features and follow-up of patients affected by noninflammatory myocarditis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:65-68. [PMID: 36219159 PMCID: PMC9793993 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Di Girolamo
- Department of Radiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy
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Piché‐Renaud P, Morris SK, Top KA. A narrative review of vaccine pharmacovigilance during mass vaccination campaigns: Focus on myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 89:967-981. [PMID: 36480113 PMCID: PMC9878271 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have had a tremendous impact on reducing the burden of infectious diseases; however, they have the potential to cause adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Prelicensure clinical trials are limited in their ability to detect rare AEFIs that may occur in less than one per thousand individuals. While postmarketing surveillance systems have shown COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to be safe, they led to the identification of rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination that were not initially detected in clinical trials. In this narrative review, we highlight concepts of vaccine pharmacovigilance during mass vaccination campaigns and compare the approaches used in the context of myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination to historical examples. We describe mechanisms of passive and active surveillance, their strengths and limitations, and how they interacted to identify and characterize the safety signal of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Articles were synthesized from a PubMed search using relevant keywords for articles published on vaccine surveillance systems and myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination, as well as the authors' collections of relevant publications and grey literature reports. The global experience around the identification and monitoring of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has provided important lessons for vaccine safety surveillance and highlighted its importance in maintaining public trust in mass vaccination programmes in a pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun K. Morris
- Division of Infectious DiseasesThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada,Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Karina A. Top
- Department of PediatricsDalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health CentreHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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Ruberg FL, Baggish AL, Hays AG, Jerosch-Herold M, Kim J, Ordovas KG, Reddy G, Shenoy C, Weinsaft JW, Woodard PK. Utilization of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for resumption of athletic activities following COVID-19 infection: an expert consensus document on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention (CVRI) Leadership and endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2022; 24:73. [PMID: 36539786 PMCID: PMC9767806 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-022-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory suyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now entering its 4th year with little evidence of abatement. As of December 2022, the World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard reported 643 million cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 98 million in the United States alone as the country with the highest number of cases. While pneumonia with lung injury has been the manifestation of COVID-19 principally responsible for morbidity and mortality, myocardial inflammation and systolic dysfunction though uncommon are well-recognized features that also associate with adverse prognosis. Given the broad swath of the population infected with COVID-19, the large number of affected professional, collegiate, and amateur athletes raises concern regarding the safe resumption of athletic activity (return to play, RTP) following resolution of infection. A variety of different testing combinations that leverage the electrocardiogram, echocardiography, circulating cardiac biomarkers, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging have been proposed and implemented to mitigate risk. CMR in particular affords high sensitivity for myocarditis but has been employed and interpreted non-uniformly in the context of COVID-19 thereby raising uncertainty as to the generalizability and clinical relevance of findings with respect to RTP. This consensus document synthesizes available evidence to contextualize the appropriate utilization of CMR in the RTP assessment of athletes with prior COVID-19 infection to facilitate informed, evidence-based decisions, while identifying knowledge gaps that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Ruberg
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiac Performance Program, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison G Hays
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen G Ordovas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gautham Reddy
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chetan Shenoy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Liao YF, Tseng WC, Wang JK, Chen YS, Chen CA, Lin MT, Lu CW, Wu MH, Chiu SN. Management of cardiovascular symptoms after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in teenagers in the emergency department. J Formos Med Assoc 2022:S0929-6646(22)00443-0. [PMID: 36564302 PMCID: PMC9744679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT) vaccination are a concern, especially in adolescents. We analyzed the risk factors for myocarditis after BNT vaccination. METHODS We used a special evaluation protocol for all patients aged 12-18 years who presented to our emergency department with cardiovascular symptoms after BNT vaccination. RESULTS A total of 195 patients (109 boys and 86 girls) were enrolled. Eleven (5.6%) patients presented with arrhythmia (arrhythmia group), 14 (7.2%) had a diagnosis of pericarditis/myocarditis (the peri/myocarditis group), and the remaining 170 were controls (no cardiac involvement). Chest pain (77.6%) was the most common symptom. The median time from vaccination to symptom onset was 3 days. In the peri/myocarditis group (13 myocarditis and 1 pericarditis), the median time to the peak troponin T level was 5 days after vaccination. Abnormal electrocardiographic changes, including ST-T changes and conduction blocks, were more commonly detected in the peri/myocarditis group (85.7% vs. 12.4% in the control group, p < 0.01). Echocardiography revealed normal ventricular function in all patients. Symptoms were resolved before discharge in all, with the median duration of hospital stay being 4 days. The electrocardiography was the most appropriate screening tool for myocarditis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 87.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Pericarditis or myocarditis was diagnosed in 7.2% of adolescents presenting to the emergency department with cardiovascular symptoms after BNT vaccination. In addition to the troponin T level, ECG change listed above can be used as a screening tool for vaccine-induced cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Ming-Tai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University
| | - Shuenn-Nan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University,Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100 Taiwan. Fax: +886 2 23147450
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Prognosis of Myocarditis Developing After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Compared With Viral Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:2255-2265. [PMID: 36480967 PMCID: PMC9721305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association between messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines and myocarditis has aroused public concern over vaccine safety. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare the prognosis of this condition with viral infection-related myocarditis over 180 days. METHODS A territory-wide electronic public health care database in Hong Kong linked with population-based vaccination records was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Since the roll-out of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), patients aged ≥12 years hospitalized with myocarditis within 28 days after BNT162b2 vaccination were compared against viral infection-related myocarditis recorded before the pandemic (2000-2019), over a 180-day follow-up period (starting from diagnosis of myocarditis). All-cause mortality, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart transplant, and postdischarge health care utilization were examined with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 866 patients were included for analysis. Over the follow-up period, 1 death (1.0%) of 104 patients with postvaccination myocarditis and 84 deaths (11.0%) of 762 patients with viral infection-related myocarditis were identified. One case (1.0%) of dilated cardiomyopathy and 2 cases (1.9%) of heart failure were identified in the postvaccination group, compared with 28 (3.7%) and 93 (12.2%) in the viral infection-related myocarditis group, respectively. Adjusted analysis showed that the postvaccination myocarditis group had a 92% lower mortality risk (adjusted HR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.57). No significant differences in other prognostic outcomes were seen. CONCLUSIONS This study found a significantly lower rate of mortality among individuals with myocarditis after mRNA vaccination compared with those with viral infection-related myocarditis. Prognosis of this iatrogenic condition may be less severe than naturally acquired viral infection-related myocarditis.
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Yasuhara J, Masuda K, Aikawa T, Shirasu T, Takagi H, Lee S, Kuno T. Myopericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 177:42-52. [PMID: 36469338 PMCID: PMC9856920 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Published data on COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myopericarditis in adolescents and young adults have been derived from small case series, national population-based studies, or passive reporting systems. Pooled evidence from a larger, international cohort is scarce. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features and early outcomes associated with myopericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a heterogeneous population of adolescents and young adults. DATA SOURCES PubMed and EMBASE were searched through August 2022. Language restrictions were not applied. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies and case series describing COVID-19 vaccine-associated myopericarditis in adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 20 years and reporting clinical characteristics and early outcomes were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent investigators extracted relevant data from each study. One-group meta-analysis in a random effects model was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines were followed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were clinical features and early outcomes for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myopericarditis, including incident rate, cardiac findings, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 23 observational studies were identified, including 854 individuals (mean age, 15.9 [95% CI, 15.5-16.2] years) with COVID-19 vaccine-associated myopericarditis. Male sex was predominant, at 90.3% (95% CI, 87.3%-93.2%) of individuals. The incident rate was higher after the second dose than the first dose, with 74.4% (95% CI, 58.2%-90.5%) of events occurring after the second dose. Most patients (84.4% [95% CI, 80.5%-88.3%] of patients) had preserved left ventricular (LV) function. Of the 15.6% (95% CI, 11.7%-19.5%) of patients with LV systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), most (14.1% [95% CI, 10.2%-18.1%]) were mild (ie, LVEF 45%-54%), and only 1.3% (95% CI, 0%-2.6%) of patients had severe LV systolic dysfunction (ie, LVEF<35%). Interestingly, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed late gadolinium enhancement in 87.2% (95% CI, 79.8%-94.7%) of patients. Although 92.6% (95% CI, 87.8%-97.3%) of patients were hospitalized and 23.2% (95% CI, 11.7%-34.7%) of patients required ICU admission, inotropes were used in only 1.3% (95% CI, 0%-2.7%) of patients, no patients died or required mechanical support, and the hospital length of stay was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1-3.5) days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis found low incidence rate and largely favorable early outcomes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myopericarditis in adolescents and young adults from a wide range of populations. These findings are reassuring but continued follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kaihei Masuda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadao Aikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shirasu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Hisato Takagi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Simon Lee
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Toshiki Kuno
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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Fergie J, Moran MM, Cane A, Pather S, Türeci Ӧ, Srivastava A. COVID-19 Epidemiology, Immunity, and Vaccine Development in Children: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122039. [PMID: 36560448 PMCID: PMC9781884 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pediatric populations experienced lower COVID-19 severity and mortality than adults, the epidemiology of this disease continues to evolve. COVID-19 clinical manifestations in pediatrics commonly include fever and cough, but may differ from adults and by variant. Serious complications, including MIS-C, rarely occur. Although early data showed a decreased likelihood of COVID-19 transmission from children versus adults, outbreaks and viral shedding studies support pediatric transmission potential. Children may mount more robust initial immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 versus adults. COVID-19 vaccines with available pediatric data include BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, CoronaVac, and BBIBP-CorV. Depending on age group and jurisdiction, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 have received full approval or emergency/conditional authorization in the United States and European Union from 6 months of age. Clinical trials have shown BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 safety and high efficacy in pediatric populations, with demonstrably noninferior immune responses versus young adults. Real-world studies further support BNT162b2 safety and effectiveness against the Delta variant. mRNA vaccination benefits are considered to outweigh risks, including myocarditis; however, pediatric vaccination rates remain relatively low. Given a growing body of clinical trial and real-world data showing vaccine safety and effectiveness, pediatric vaccination should be prioritized as an important strategy to control the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fergie
- Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX 78411, USA
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Corrao G, Franchi M, Cereda D, Bortolan F, Leoni O, Vignati E, Pavesi G, Gori A. Increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis and reduced likelihood of severe clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a cohort study in Lombardy, Italy. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:844. [DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
We aimed to assess harms (post-vaccine myocarditis and pericarditis) and benefits (preventing severe disease) of COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study. Using the integrated platform of the vaccination campaign of Lombardy Region (Italy), after the exclusion of 24,188 individuals not beneficiaries of the Regional Health Service, 9,184,146 citizens candidates to vaccine at December 27, 2020 were followed until November 30, 2021 (the loss to follow-up rate was 0.5%). From the date of administration of each vaccine dose to day 28 post-administration, three periods that covered exposure to the first, second, and third dose were defined. The benefit–risk profile of vaccines was performed by comparing the number needed to harm (NNH) and number needed to treat (NNT) by sex, age, and vaccine type.
Results
Incidence rates of myocarditis were 9.9 and 5.2 per million person-months during the exposure and no-exposure periods, respectively, and the incidence rates of pericarditis were 19.5 and 15.9 per million person-months, respectively. The risk of myocarditis was highest following exposure to the second dose of the Moderna vaccine (adjusted HR: 5.5, 95% CI: 3.7 to 8.1). Exposure to the Moderna vaccine was also associated with an increased risk of pericarditis (adjusted HR 2.2, 1.5 to 3.1). NNT was higher than NNH (9471 vs. 7213) for 16 to 19-year-old men who received the Moderna vaccine, while all other sex, age, and vaccine subgroups had a favourable harm-benefit profile.
Conclusions
Men 16 to 19 years of age has the highest rates of myocarditis within a few days after receiving the Moderna vaccines. The balance between harms and benefits was almost always in favour of vaccination.
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Kravchenko D, Isaak A, Mesropyan N, Bischoff LM, Pieper CC, Attenberger U, Kuetting D, Zimmer S, Hart C, Luetkens JA. Cardiac magnetic resonance follow-up of COVID-19 vaccine associated acute myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1049256. [PMID: 36440045 PMCID: PMC9682292 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have helped impede the COVID-19 pandemic. In rare cases, some vaccines have led to vaccine associated myocarditis in a specific subset of the population, usually young males. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can reliably diagnose vaccine associated myocarditis, but follow-up data of CMR proven acute myocarditis is scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients with acute vaccine associated myocarditis underwent baseline and follow-up CMR examinations and were compared to baseline parameters at initial presentation and to a group of 20 healthy controls. CMR protocol included functional assessment, T1 and T2 mapping, T2 signal intensity ratio, strain feature tracking, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). RESULTS Myocarditis patients (n = 9, aged 24 ± 6 years, 8 males) underwent CMR follow-up after an average of 5.8 ± 4.3 months. All patients showed a complete resolution of visual myocardial edema while also demonstrating a reduction in overall LGE extent from baseline to follow-up (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8%, p < 0.001), although visual LGE was still noted in all patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal at baseline and at follow-up (58 ± 6 vs. 62 ± 4%, p = 0.10) as well as compared to a healthy control group (60 ± 4%, p = 0.24). T1 (1024 ± 77 vs. 971 ± 34 ms, p = 0.05) and T2 relaxations times (57 ± 6 vs. 51 ± 3 ms, p = 0.03) normalized at follow-up. Most patients reported a resolution of clinical symptoms, while two (22%) reported new onset of exertional dyspnea. CONCLUSION Patients with COVID-19 vaccine associated acute myocarditis showed a complete, uncomplicated resolution of myocardial inflammation on follow-up CMR, which was associated with a near complete resolution of symptoms. Minor, residual myocardial scarring was present on follow-up LGE imaging. The long-term implications of the remaining myocardial scar-tissue after vaccine associated myocarditis remain unknown warranting further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Kravchenko
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Isaak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Narine Mesropyan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leon M. Bischoff
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claus C. Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Kuetting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II–Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher Hart
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian A. Luetkens
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Lab Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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63
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Sanada Y, Azuma J, Hirano Y, Hasegawa Y, Yamamoto T. Overlapping Myocarditis and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e31006. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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64
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Patel YR, Shah NR, Lombardi K, Agarwal S, Salber G, Patel R, Poppas A, Atalay MK. Follow-Up Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Patients With COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Acute Myocarditis. JACC. CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2022; 15:2007-2010. [PMID: 36357142 PMCID: PMC9473139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yash R. Patel
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 950 Warren Avenue, Suite 201, East Providence, Rhode Island 02914, USA
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65
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Sandeep N, Fairchok MP, Hasbani K. Myocarditis After COVID‐19 Vaccination in Pediatrics: A Proposed Pathway for Triage and Treatment. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026097. [PMID: 36285797 PMCID: PMC9673652 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nefthi Sandeep
- Pediatric Cardiology Mary Bridge Childrens Hospital Tacoma WA
- Pediatrix Medical Group Austin TX
| | - Mary P. Fairchok
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Mary Bridge Childrens Hospital Tacoma WA
| | - Keren Hasbani
- Pediatric Cardiology Dell Children’s Medical Center Austin TX
- Pediatrix Medical Group Austin TX
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66
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Mohiddin SA, Guttmann O, Marelli‐Berg F. Vaccine-Triggered Acute Autoimmune Myocarditis: Defining, Detecting, and Managing an Apparently Novel Condition. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026873. [PMID: 36285781 PMCID: PMC9673633 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saidi A. Mohiddin
- Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK,Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Oliver Guttmann
- Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK,Institute of Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Federica Marelli‐Berg
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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67
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Samimisedeh P, Jafari Afshar E, Shafiabadi Hassani N, Rastad H. Cardiac MRI Findings in COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis: A Pooled Analysis of 468 Patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:971-982. [PMID: 35612967 PMCID: PMC9348186 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pattern and severity of myocarditis caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is imperative for improving the care of the patients, and cardiac evaluation by MRI plays a key role in this regard. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize cardiac MRI findings in COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using key terms covering COVID-19 vaccine, myocarditis, and cardiac MRI. Individual-level patient data (IPD) and aggregated-level data (AD) studies were pooled through a two-stage analysis method. For this purpose, all IPD were first gathered into a single data set and reduced to AD, and then this AD (from IPD studies) was pooled with existing AD (from the AD studies) using fixed/random effect models. I2 was used to assess the degree of heterogeneity, and the prespecified level of statistical significance (P value for heterogeneity) was <0.1. Based on meta-analysis of 102 studies (n = 468 patients), 79% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54%-97%) of patients fulfilled Lake Louise criteria (LLC) for diagnosis of myocarditis. Cardiac MRI abnormalities included elevated T2 in 72% (95% CI: 50%-90%), myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 93% (95% CI: 83%-99%; nearly all with a subepicardial and/or midwall pattern), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<50%) in 4% (95% CI: 1.0%-9.0%). Moreover, elevated T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (>30), reported only by some IPD studies, were detected in 74.5% (76/102) and 32% (16/50) of patients, respectively. In conclusion, our findings may suggest that over two-thirds of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination meet the LLC. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis may show a similar pattern compared to other acute myocarditis entities. Notably, preserved LVEF is probably a common finding in these patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Samimisedeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elmira Jafari Afshar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hadith Rastad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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68
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Uncommon Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in the Pediatric Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e30276. [PMID: 36258808 PMCID: PMC9573128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rapid development of vaccines followed the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is still significant vaccine hesitancy, especially among parents. Large-scale pediatric population-based studies or reviews about vaccine side effects are limited. Data sources and methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends recipients or their providers notify possible adverse events to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). We evaluated Delaware state data from the VAERS system for the pediatric age group. Results A total of 111 reports were reviewed, with summaries of the reported key side effects discussed, including seizures, myocarditis, stroke, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), chest pain, hematuria, menstrual disorder, appendicitis, behavioral and otological side effects, etc. Conclusions We noted the approximate prevalence of reported adverse events to be <0.2%. Further studies with larger sample sizes or those focused on each key side effect are needed to evaluate these side effects in detail. An open discussion about the possible side effects and reinforcing the individual, family, and community benefits are key to promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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69
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Piras A, Melis G, Cugusi L, Bassareo PP. Myopericarditis in a Male Adolescent Following the Second Shot of COVID-19 Pfizer m-RNA Vaccine: Typical Example and Analysis of 110 Single Case Reports. Pediatr Rep 2022; 14:401-409. [PMID: 36278552 PMCID: PMC9589994 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric14040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most powerful weapons against COVID-19 is vaccines. After the worldwide spread of the disease, m-RNA vaccines were authorized not only in adult patients, but also in children and adolescents aged 12-18. Since then, alarming reports of cases of myocarditis and/or pericarditis have been noted, primarily involving males after the second vaccine shot. A typical example of myopericarditis occurring in an adolescent a few days after the second shot of an m-RNA vaccine is described here. An in-depth review of all 110 single case reports published up to July 2022 with related features and outcomes is also presented. This is the first extensive analysis focused solely on a significant number of single case reports, which have usually been excluded from systematic reviews and meta-analyses carried out in the field. The analysis presented here confirms that most cases occurred in males after the second injection of an m-RNA vaccine. Cases were mild and responsive to the usual medical treatment. What is newly reported is that not only adolescents, but also older people, especially females, were affected by this adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piras
- Struttura Complessa di Cardiologia-UTIC-Emodinamica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giada Melis
- Pronto Soccorso ed OBI, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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70
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Chua GT, Tsao S, Wah Kwan MY, Yu TC, Yin Leung AS, Li KW, Kwong Chow CC, Ku WH, Kwok J, To KK, Lau YL, Tsun Lai FT, Kei Wong IC, Ip P. Medium-term Outcomes of Myocarditis and Pericarditis following BNT162b2 Vaccination among Adolescents in Hong Kong. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2466-2473. [PMID: 36149830 PMCID: PMC9621237 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2128436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the clinical and electrophysiological outcomes of adolescents in Hong Kong who developed myocarditis or pericarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination for COVID-19, and followed-up for 60–180 days after their initial diagnosis. Clinical assessments included electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram at the initial admission and follow-up were compared. Treadmill testing was also performed in some cases. Between 14 June 2021 and 16 February 2022, 53 subjects were approached to participate in this follow-up study, of which 28 patients were followed up for >60 days with a median follow-up period of 100 days (range, 61–178 days) and were included in this study. On admission, 23 patients had ECG abnormalities but no high-grade atrioventricular block. Six patients had echocardiogram abnormalities, including reduced contractility, small rim pericardial effusions, and hyperechoic ventricular walls. All patients achieved complete recovery on follow-up. After discharge, 10 patients (35.7%) reported symptoms, including occasional chest pain, shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance, and recurrent vasovagal near-syncope. At follow-up, assessments, including ECGs, were almost all normal. Among the three patients with possible ECG abnormalities, all their echocardiograms or treadmill testings were normal. Sixteen patients (57.1%) underwent treadmill testing at a median of 117 days post-admission, which were also normal. However, at follow-up, there was a significant mean bodyweight increase of 1.81 kg (95%CI 0.47-3.1 kg, p = 0.01), possibly due to exercise restriction. In conclusion, most adolescents experiencing myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination achieved complete recovery. Some patients developed non-specific persistent symptoms, and bodyweight changes shall be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sabrina Tsao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mike Yat Wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Ching Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agnes Sze Yin Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Wah Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Calvin Chit Kwong Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Hung Ku
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseng Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janette Kwok
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kw To
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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71
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Akarsu GD. Determining the Health Problems Experienced by Young Adults in Turkey, Who Received the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091526. [PMID: 36146604 PMCID: PMC9502422 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the health problems experienced by young adults after the COVID-19 vaccine. Method: This study is a quantitative and descriptive study and was completed with 590 undergraduate students studying at a state university in Central Anatolia in the spring semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. The data were collected by the researcher through a one-to-one interview with the students and a questionnaire prepared in line with the literature. Number, percentage and chi-square tests were used in the analysis of the data. Results: A total of 81.4% of the students participating in the study had the BioNTech–Pfizer vaccine. A total of 67.3% of them had two doses of COVID-19 vaccine, 35.9% of the vaccinated students experienced some health problems in the days following the vaccination, and the most common health problems were fatigue, a cough, sleep disturbance, psychological discomfort, a heart ache feeling and sweating. Most of the post-vaccine health problems lasted for 2 days, 3.7% of the participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 2.7% were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 10.52% of the female participants went to the doctor due to menstrual irregularity and received treatment. It was determined that 12.2% of the vaccinated students gained weight after vaccination and 63.89% of those who gained weight attributed this to increased appetite, 9.2% continued to have a cough and 9.2% used herbal products. Conclusion: It was determined that one out of every three young adults experienced a health problem after the COVID-19 vaccine. It is recommended that studies be conducted in different sample groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Doğukan Akarsu
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
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72
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Nakawatase S, Hayashi T, Nakamura S, Makino N, Higuchi Y. Acute Myopericarditis After the Third Vaccination of BNT162b2 in a Middle-Aged Man. Cureus 2022; 14:e28857. [PMID: 36225402 PMCID: PMC9536864 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly effective in preventing and decreasing disease severity, but the duration of the effect is attenuated over time and repeated vaccination is required. A 41-year-old Japanese male presented to our hospital with chest pain three days after receiving the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. After various examinations, such as endomyocardial biopsy and viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of endomyocardial biopsy tissue, we made the diagnosis of acute myopericarditis associated with booster vaccination. Here, we report a rare case of myopericarditis after booster mRNA vaccination.
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73
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Varma SK, Horton AE, Taylor AL, Ditchfield MR, Hope SA, Rao SJV. Myocarditis after
COVID
‐19
mRNA
vaccination in Australia. Med J Aust 2022; 217:260-261. [PMID: 35831071 PMCID: PMC9349905 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K Varma
- MonashHeart Melbourne VIC
- Monash Children’s Hospital Melbourne VIC
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC
- Victorian Heart Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC
| | - Ari E Horton
- MonashHeart Melbourne VIC
- Monash Children’s Hospital Melbourne VIC
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC
- Victorian Heart Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC
| | | | | | - Sarah A Hope
- MonashHeart Melbourne VIC
- Monash Children’s Hospital Melbourne VIC
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC
- Victorian Heart Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC
| | - Srinidhi JV Rao
- MonashHeart Melbourne VIC
- Monash Children’s Hospital Melbourne VIC
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC
- Victorian Heart Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC
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74
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Kracalik I, Oster ME, Broder KR, Cortese MM, Glover M, Shields K, Creech CB, Romanson B, Novosad S, Soslow J, Walter EB, Marquez P, Dendy JM, Woo J, Valderrama AL, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Assefa A, Campbell MJ, Su JR, Magill SS, Shay DK, Shimabukuro TT, Basavaraju SV. Outcomes at least 90 days since onset of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults in the USA: a follow-up surveillance study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:788-798. [PMID: 36152650 PMCID: PMC9555956 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kracalik
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Matthew E Oster
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen R Broder
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maleeka Glover
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Shields
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brittney Romanson
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon Novosad
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paige Marquez
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jared Woo
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy L Valderrama
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Agape Assefa
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - John R Su
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shelley S Magill
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David K Shay
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tom T Shimabukuro
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sridhar V Basavaraju
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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75
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Formanek A, Wagner T, Newrkla S, Kurz H. [Myocarditis following mRNA vaccine]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2022; 173:192-197. [PMID: 36040634 PMCID: PMC9425779 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-022-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fallbeschreibung eines 15 Jahre alten Jugendlichen mit Myokarditis 4 Tage nach Erhalt der 2. BNT162b2 mRNA-Impfung (Comirnaty®) ohne erkennbare andere Ursache. Klinisch präsentierte sich der Patient mit thorakalen Schmerzen. Es zeigte sich ein erhöhter Troponin Wert bei erhaltener linksventrikulärer systolischer Funktion. Die kardiale MRT lieferte einen eindeutig pathologischen Befund. Unter symptomatischer Therapie und strenger Bettruhe zeichnete sich ein milder Verlauf mit rasch eintretender Spontanremission ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Formanek
- Department of Paediatrics and Youth Medicine, Clinic Donaustadt, Langobardenstr. 122, 1220, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Paediatrics and Youth Medicine, Clinic Donaustadt, Langobardenstr. 122, 1220, Wien, Österreich
| | - Stephan Newrkla
- Department of Radiology, Clinic Donaustadt, Wien, Österreich
| | - Herbert Kurz
- Department of Paediatrics and Youth Medicine, Clinic Donaustadt, Langobardenstr. 122, 1220, Wien, Österreich
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Myocarditis or Pericarditis Following the COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081316. [PMID: 36016204 PMCID: PMC9412657 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: By 16 May 2022, 12,186,798,032 people had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines. Our study found that myocarditis/pericarditis may occur in adolescents after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: In this regard, we conducted a meta-analysis of seven groups of adolescents aged 12–19 years to compare the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after vaccination and compare the relative risk incidence after the first and second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine, and between males and females for risk incidence. Results: We analyzed 22,020,997 subjects from seven studies, including 130 cases of confirmed myocarditis/pericarditis. The overall mean incidence rate was 1.69 cases per 100,000 person-years. Of these, 19 of the 12,122,244 people who received a first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine had myocarditis/pericarditis, an incidence rate of 0.0022% (95% CI 0.0001–0.0034), and 111 of the 1,008,753 people who received a second dose had myocarditis/pericarditis, an incidence rate of 0.0107% (95% CI 0.0059–0.0155). The prevalence relative ratio (RR) after the first and second doses was RR = 5.53 (95% CI: 3.01–10.16), with a higher prevalence after the second dose than after the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. After a second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the RR for males relative to females was RR = 13.91 (95% CI: 4.30–44.95), with a more pronounced risk of disease in males than in females. Conclusions: Our study showed that myocarditis/pericarditis occurred after vaccination with the BNT162b2 or Comirnaty vaccine, especially after the second vaccination in male adolescents, but the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after vaccination with the above vaccines was very rare (0.0022%). Therefore, it is recommended that adolescents should be vaccinated with the COVID-19 universal vaccine as soon as possible and closely monitored for subsequent adverse reactions, which can be treated promptly.
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77
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Xu SC, Zhao XY, Xing HP, Wu W, Zhang SY. Cardiac Involvement in COVID-19: A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:955237. [PMID: 35966543 PMCID: PMC9365052 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.955237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), had already resulted in widespread epidemics worldwide and millions of people's deaths since its outbreak in 2019. COVID-19 had also been demonstrated to affect people's cardiac function. However, the specific mechanism and influence of this damage were not clear yet. The purpose of the present study was to provide a bibliometric analysis of the current studies related to cardiac involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsA bibliometric literature search was performed on the web of science. The number and type of publications, countries, institutional sources, journals, and citation patterns were analyzed. In addition, qualitative and quantitative evaluations were carried out to visualize the scientific achievements in this field by using the VOSviewer software.ResultsWeb of science had recorded 2,24,097 documents on COVID-19 at the time of data collection (May 12, 2022). A total of 2,025 documents related to cardiac involvement were recorded at last. The countries with the most published articles were the United States of America (USA) (n =747, 36.9%), Italy (n =324, 16%), and England (n =213, 10.5%). Although the countries and institutions that published the most articles were mainly from the USA, the top three authors were from Germany, England, and Poland. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine was the journal with the most studies (65 3.2%), followed by ESC Heart Failure (59 2.9%) and Journal of Clinical Medicine (56 2.8%). We identified 13,739 authors, among which Karin Klingel and Amer Harky had the most articles, and Shaobo Shi was co-cited most often. There existed some cooperation between different authors, but the scope was limited. Myocarditis and heart failure (HF) were the main research hotspots of COVID-19 on cardiac dysfunction and may be crucial to the prognosis of patients.ConclusionsIt was the first bibliometric analysis of publications related to COVID-19-associated cardiac disorder. This study provided academics and researchers with useful information on the most influential articles of COVID-19 and cardiac dysfunction. Cooperation between countries and institutions must be strengthened on myocarditis and HF during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Pillay J, Gaudet L, Wingert A, Bialy L, Mackie AS, Paterson DI, Hartling L. Incidence, risk factors, natural history, and hypothesised mechanisms of myocarditis and pericarditis following covid-19 vaccination: living evidence syntheses and review. BMJ 2022; 378:e069445. [PMID: 35830976 PMCID: PMC9277081 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesise evidence on incidence rates and risk factors for myocarditis and pericarditis after use of mRNA vaccination against covid-19, clinical presentation, short term and longer term outcomes of cases, and proposed mechanisms. DESIGN Living evidence syntheses and review. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 6 October 2020 to 10 January 2022; reference lists and grey literature (to 13 January 2021). One reviewer completed screening and another verified 50% of exclusions, using a machine learning program to prioritise records. A second reviewer verified all exclusions at full text, extracted data, and (for incidence and risk factors) risk of bias assessments using modified Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Team consensus determined certainty of evidence ratings for incidence and risk factors using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Large (>10 000 participants) or population based or multisite observational studies and surveillance data (incidence and risk factors) reporting on confirmed myocarditis or pericarditis after covid-19 mRNA vaccination; case series (n≥5, presentation, short term clinical course and longer term outcomes); opinions, letters, reviews, and primary studies focused on describing or supporting hypothesised mechanisms. RESULTS 46 studies were included (14 on incidence, seven on risk factors, 11 on characteristics and short term course, three on longer term outcomes, and 21 on mechanisms). Incidence of myocarditis after mRNA vaccines was highest in male adolescents and male young adults (age 12-17 years, range 50-139 cases per million (low certainty); 18-29 years, 28-147 per million (moderate certainty)). For girls and boys aged 5-11 years and women aged 18-29 years, incidence of myocarditis after vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) could be fewer than 20 cases per million (low certainty). Incidence after a third dose of an mRNA vaccine had very low certainty evidence. For individuals of 18-29 years, incidence of myocarditis is probably higher after vaccination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) compared with Pfizer (moderate certainty). Among individuals aged 12-17, 18-29, or 18-39 years, incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis after dose two of an mRNA vaccine for covid-19 might be lower when administered ≥31 days compared with ≤30 days after dose one (low certainty). Data specific to men aged 18-29 years indicated that the dosing interval might need to increase to ≥56 days to substantially drop myocarditis or pericarditis incidence. For clinical course and short term outcomes, only one small case series (n=8) was found for 5-11 year olds. In adolescents and adults, most (>90%) myocarditis cases involved men of a median 20-30 years of age and with symptom onset two to four days after a second dose (71-100%). Most people were admitted to hospital (≥84%) for a short duration (two to four days). For pericarditis, data were limited but more variation than myocarditis has been reported in patient age, sex, onset timing, and rate of admission to hospital. Three case series with longer term (3 months; n=38) follow-up suggested persistent echocardiogram abnormalities, as well as ongoing symptoms or a need for drug treatments or restriction from activities in >50% of patients. Sixteen hypothesised mechanisms were described, with little direct supporting or refuting evidence. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that adolescent and young adult men are at the highest risk of myocarditis after mRNA vaccination. Use of a Pfizer vaccine over a Moderna vaccine and waiting for more than 30 days between doses might be preferred for this population. Incidence of myocarditis in children aged 5-11 years is very rare but certainty was low. Data for clinical risk factors were very limited. A clinical course of mRNA related myocarditis appeared to be benign, although longer term follow-up data were limited. Prospective studies with appropriate testing (eg, biopsy and tissue morphology) will enhance understanding of mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pillay
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsay Gaudet
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aireen Wingert
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liza Bialy
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew S Mackie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Ian Paterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Khan Z, Pabani UK, Gul A, Muhammad SA, Yousif Y, Abumedian M, Elmahdi O, Gupta A. COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis: A Systemic Review and Literature Search. Cureus 2022; 14:e27408. [PMID: 36051715 PMCID: PMC9419896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is one of the complications reported with COVID-19 vaccines, particularly both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. Most of the published data about this association come from case reports and series. Integrating the geographical data, clinical manifestations, and outcomes is therefore important in patients with myocarditis to better understand the disease. A thorough literature search was conducted in Cochrane library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for published literature till 30 March 2022. We identified 26 patients eligible from 29 studies; the data were pooled from these qualifying case reports and case series. Around 94% of patients were male in this study, the median age for onset of myocarditis was 22 years and 85% developed symptoms after the second dose. The median time of admission for patients to hospitals post-vaccination was three days and chest pain was the most common presenting symptom in these patients. Most patients had elevated troponin on admission and about 90% of patients had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) that showed late gadolinium enhancement. All patients admitted with myocarditis were discharged home after a median stay of four days. Results from this current analysis show that post-mRNA vaccination myocarditis is mainly seen in young males after the second dose of vaccination. The pathophysiology of vaccine-induced myocarditis is not entirely clear and late gadolinium enhancement is a common finding on CMR in these patients that may indicate myocardial fibrosis or necrosis. Prognosis remains good and all patients recovered from myocarditis, however further studies are advisable to assess long-term prognosis of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Khan
- Acute Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend on Sea, GBR.,Cardiology and General Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.,Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, GBR
| | - Umesh Kumar Pabani
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Amresh Gul
- General Practice, Starcare Hospital, Duqm, OMN
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Cardiology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend on Sea, GBR
| | - Yousif Yousif
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Mohammed Abumedian
- Geriatrics, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Ola Elmahdi
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, GBR
| | - Animesh Gupta
- Acute Internal Medicine, Southend University Hospital, Southend on Sea, GBR.,Acute Internal Medicine and Intensive Care, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
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80
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Hadley SM, Prakash A, Baker AL, de Ferranti SD, Newburger JW, Friedman KG, Dionne A. Follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance in children with vaccine-associated myocarditis. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2879-2883. [PMID: 35482094 PMCID: PMC9046711 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a rare complication of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We previously reported a case series of 15 adolescents with vaccine-associated myocarditis, 87% of whom had abnormalities on initial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 80%. We performed follow-up CMRs to determine the trajectory of myocardial recovery and better understand the natural history of vaccine-associated myocarditis. Case series of patients age < 19 years admitted to Boston Children's Hospital with acute vaccine-associated myocarditis following the BNT162b2 vaccine who had abnormal CMR at the time of initial presentation, and underwent follow-up testing. CMR assessment included left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, T2-weighted myocardial imaging, LV global native T1, LV global T2, extracellular volume (ECV), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Ten patients (9 male, median age 15 years) with vaccine-associated myocarditis underwent follow-up CMR at a median of 92 days (range 76-119) after hospital discharge. LGE was persistent in 80% of patients, though improved from prior in all cases. Two patients (20%) had abnormal LV global T1 at presentation, which normalized on follow-up. ECV decreased between acute presentation and follow-up in 6/10 patients; it remained elevated at follow-up in 1 patient and borderline in 3 patients. CONCLUSION CMR performed ~3 months after admission for COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis showed improvement of LGE in all patients, but persistent in the majority. Follow-up CMR 6-12 months after acute episode should be considered to better understand the long-term cardiac risks. WHAT IS KNOWN • Myocarditis is a rare side effect of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. •Late gadolinium enhancement is present on most cardiac magnetic resonance at the time of acute presentation. WHAT IS NEW •Late gadolinium enhancement improved on all repeat cardiac magnetic resonance at 3-month follow-up. •Most patients still had a small amount of late gadolinium enhancement, the clinical significance of which is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Hadley
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ashwin Prakash
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Annette L. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sarah D. de Ferranti
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jane W. Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kevin G. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Audrey Dionne
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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81
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Mohammad KO, Rodriguez JBC, Urey MA. Coronavirus disease 2019 and the cardiologist. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:335-342. [PMID: 35731679 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There continues to be extensive clinical and epidemiological data to suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with numerous different types of cardiac involvement. RECENT FINDINGS Myocardial injury has been reported in over 25% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection and is not only associated with a worse prognosis but with higher mortality, approaching 40%. Currently proposed mechanisms of myocardial injury include direct viral infection, cytokine storm, endothelial inflammation, demand ischemia, interferon-mediated response and stress cardiomyopathy. COVID-19 infection is associated with new-onset arrhythmias and heart failure regardless of history of previous cardiovascular disease. Echocardiographic findings can be useful to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients and cardiac MRI is an effective tool to both assess COVID-19 induced myocarditis and to follow-up on cardiac complications of COVID-19 long-term. Although there is an association between COVID-19 vaccination and myocarditis, pericarditis or arrhythmias, the risk appears lower when compared to risk attributable to the natural infection. SUMMARY Patients with cardiovascular disease are not only more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19 infection but are at increased risk for further complications and higher mortality. Further data compilation on current and emerging treatments of COVID-19 will have additional impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan O Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Jose B Cruz Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marcus A Urey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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82
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Abdel Moneim A, Radwan MA, Yousef AI. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: manifestations, pathophysiology, vaccination, and long-term implication. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1071-1079. [PMID: 35575011 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2078081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a new coronavirus family member, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is linked with many disease manifestations in multiple organ systems on top of pulmonary manifestations. COVID-19 is also accompanied by several cardiovascular pathologies including myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, arterial and venous thromboembolism, pericarditis, and arrhythmias. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining these clinical symptoms are multifactorial including systemic inflammation (cytokine storm), coagulopathy, direct viral invasion through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalance, and fever. Several case reports have shown the development of an unusual cardiovascular event after receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The current article aimed to review cardiovascular involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to clinical features, pathogenesis, long-term effects, and the adverse effects of treatments and vaccines based on the latest evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Radwan
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Yousef
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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83
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Current Evidence in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines and Post-Vaccination Adverse Reports: Knowns and Unknowns. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071555. [PMID: 35885461 PMCID: PMC9316835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel mRNA vaccinations against COVID-19 are gaining worldwide attention for their potential efficacy, as well as for the diagnosis of some post-vaccination-reported adverse reactions. In this state-of-the-art review article, we present the current evidence regarding mainly the diagnosis of spontaneous allergic reactions, the skin occurrences, the vascular, blood, endocrine and heart events, the respiratory reports, the gastrointestinal, hepatic and kidney events, the reproductive and pregnancy issues and the muscle events, as well as the ear, eye, neurologic and psychiatric events following mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. We further present some evidence regarding the mRNA strategies, we provide important information for side effects associated with the spike protein based LNP-mRNA vaccine and its adjuvants, as well as evidence for all the possible dangerous roles of the spike protein, and we discuss our expert opinion on the knowns and the unknowns towards the topic.
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84
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Mitrani RD, Dabas N, Alfadhli J, Lowery MH, Best TM, Hare JM, Myerburg RJ, Goldberger JJ. Long-term cardiac surveillance and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2022; 32:465-475. [PMID: 35718289 PMCID: PMC9212847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiac manifestions of COVID-19 have been well described, while chronic cardiac sequelae remain less clear. Various studies have shown conflicting data on the prevalence of new or worsening cardiovascular disease, myocarditis or cardiac dysrhythmias among patients recovered from COVID-19. Data are emerging that show that patients recovering from COVID-19 have an increased incidence of myocarditis and arrhythmias after recovery from COVID-19 compared with the control groups without COVID-19. The incidence of myocarditis after COVID-19 infection is low but is still significantly greater than the incidence of myocarditis from a COVID-19 vaccine. There have been several studies of athletes who underwent a variety of screening protocols prior to being cleared to return to exercise and competition. The data show possible, probable or definite myocarditis or cardiac injury among 0.4–3.0% of the athletes studied. Recent consensus statements suggest that athletes with full recovery and absence of cardiopulmonary symptoms may return to exercise and competition without cardiovascular testing. In conclusion, patients with COVID-19 may be expected to have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, myocarditis or arrhythmias during the convalescent phase. Fortunately, the majority of patients, including athletes may return to their normal activity after recovery from COVID 19, in the absence of persisting cardiovascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul D Mitrani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Nitika Dabas
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Jarrah Alfadhli
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Maureen H Lowery
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States; The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, United States
| | - Robert J Myerburg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Suite 1124, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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85
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Kato S, Horita N, Utsunomiya D. Incidence of Myocarditis after Messenger RNA Vaccine for COVID-19 in Young Male Recipients. Am J Cardiol 2022; 172:159-161. [PMID: 35339272 PMCID: PMC8941529 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kato
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Utsunomiya
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Schauer J, Buddhe S, Gulhane A, Sagiv E, Studer M, Colyer J, Chikkabyrappa SM, Law Y, Portman MA. Persistent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Cohort of Adolescents with Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 mRNA Vaccine Myopericarditis. J Pediatr 2022; 245:233-237. [PMID: 35351530 PMCID: PMC8957353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe the evolution of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 16 patients, aged 12-17 years, with myopericarditis after the second dose of the Pfizer mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Although all patients showed rapid clinical improvement, many had persistent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings at 3- to 8-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Schauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Sujatha Buddhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Avanti Gulhane
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eyal Sagiv
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew Studer
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica Colyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Yuk Law
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael A Portman
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Lee JK, Han HS. Coronavirus disease 2019 and mRNA vaccines: what's next - miRNA? Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:302-303. [PMID: 35344980 PMCID: PMC9171463 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heon-Seok Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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88
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Patel YR, Shah NR, Lombardi K, Agarwal S, Has P, Patel R, Poppas A, Atalay MK. Cardiac MRI Findings in Male Patients with Acute Myocarditis in the Presence or Absence of COVID-19 Vaccination. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e220008. [PMID: 35761952 PMCID: PMC9216317 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By comparing phenotypic clinical characteristics and cardiovascular MRI findings
in 14 patients with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine–associated myocarditis to those
in 14 patients with acute myocarditis from other causes, we found that patients
with COVID-19 vaccination–associated acute myocarditis have higher left
ventricular ejection fraction, higher left ventricular global circumferential
and radial strain, and less involvement of late gadolinium enhancement in the
septal segments with less involvement of midmyocardial pattern of late
gadolinium enhancement, compared with patients with acute myocarditis from other
causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nishant R Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristin Lombardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Phinnara Has
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rootu Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Athena Poppas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael K Atalay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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89
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Myokarditis nach COVID-19-Impfung meist mit mildem Verlauf. AKTUELLE KARDIOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1826-4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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90
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Rees AR. Viruses, vaccines and cardiovascular effects. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2022; 29:16. [PMID: 36212794 PMCID: PMC9534113 DOI: 10.5837/bjc.2022.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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91
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Lane S, Yeomans A, Shakir S. Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review of spontaneously reported data from the UK, Europe and the USA and of the scientific literature. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059223. [PMID: 35613761 PMCID: PMC9133727 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To combine spontaneously reported data from multiple countries to estimate reporting rate, and better understand risk factors for myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. DESIGN Systematic review of spontaneously reported data from UK, USA and European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and of the scientific literature. DATA SOURCES UK Yellow Card scheme, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), EudraVigilance were searched from date of vaccine launch to 14 March 2022-16 March 2022. PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched to 15 March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included publicly available spontaneous reporting data for 'Myocarditis' and 'Pericarditis' from UK, USA and EU/EEA following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Pharmacoepidemiological observational studies investigating myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were included (no restrictions on language or date). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools assessed study quality. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two researchers extracted data. Events of myocarditis and pericarditis were presented for each data source, stratified by vaccine, age, sex and dose (where available). Reporting rates were calculated for myocarditis and pericarditis for each population. For published pharmacoepidemiological studies, design, participant characteristics, and study results were tabulated. RESULTS Overall, 18 204 myocarditis and pericarditis events were submitted to the UK, USA and EU/EEA regulators during the study period. Males represented 62.24% (n=11 331) of myocarditis and pericarditis reports. In the UK and USA, most reports concerned vaccinees aged <40 years (59.7% and 47.3% of reported events, respectively); trends in age were less clear for EU/EEA. Reports were more frequent following a second dose (47.1% of reports, where data available). Reporting rates were consistent between the data sources. Thirty-two pharmacoepidemiological studies were included; results were consistent with our spontaneous report analyses. CONCLUSIONS Younger vaccinees more frequently report myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines than older vaccinees. Results from published literature supported the results of our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lane
- Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Saad Shakir
- Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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92
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Amemiya K, Kobayashi T, Kataoka Y, Iwai T, Nakagawa S, Morita Y, Ohta-Ogo K, Matsumoto M, Ikeda Y, Katano H, Suzuki T, Izumi C, Noguchi T, Hatakeyama K. Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in three young adult males: Significance of biopsy in vaccine-associated myocarditis. Pathol Int 2022; 72:385-387. [PMID: 35583173 PMCID: PMC9347403 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kisaki Amemiya
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takamasa Iwai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morita
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohta-Ogo
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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93
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Rania N, Coppola I, Brucci M, Lagomarsino F. Attitudes and Beliefs of the Italian Population towards COVID-19 Vaccinations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106139. [PMID: 35627676 PMCID: PMC9141803 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the numerous campaigns to encourage vaccination against COVID-19, the public debate and often conflicting information have left many individuals uncertain about the decision to make on whether or not to vaccinate. Methods: This research aims to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of the Italian population towards COVID-19 and other vaccinations through a quantitative methodology. In all, 500 adults (Age M = 39.52) participated in this exploratory study with an online questionnaire conducted in April 2021. Results: most participants believe vaccination is necessary to defeat COVID-19; there is an age-related difference in getting vaccinations, and women were more afraid of unexpected future effects than men; older participants have expressed a greater willingness to pay to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (4). Conclusion: In light of these results, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the perplexity and fears expressed by the population, especially women and youth, in relation to vaccinations; in fact, it would help to achieve a wider adherence to the tools designed to contain the spread of viruses at the base of severe health crises.
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94
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Risk of Myocarditis and Pericarditis among Young Adults following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050722. [PMID: 35632478 PMCID: PMC9147275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been reports of cases of myocarditis and pericarditis as rare complications following mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations among young adults. While most reported cases are mild, this potential vaccine safety signal should be closely monitored. Using data from the CDC and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), we calculated the combined reporting rate of myocarditis and pericarditis stratified by age group, sex, vaccine dose, and manufacturer, and compared these rates to the crude background incidence rates. Compared to the general population prior to the administration of the first COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020, we identified a higher-than-expected reporting rate of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA vaccination; the risk was higher after a second vaccine dose, higher in males than in females, and decreased with age. The highest risk was seen in males 12–17 years of age with approximately 6 cases per 100,000 second doses. Our findings suggest an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in young males following a second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Since these findings are based on safety signals derived from passive surveillance data, confirmatory epidemiological studies should be undertaken.
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95
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Brown K, Pappachan JV, McKee M. What should be done to protect children from COVID-19 in the UK? Arch Dis Child 2022; 108:359-360. [PMID: 35512794 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-323839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Brown
- Heart and Lung Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John V Pappachan
- Paediatric Intensive Care, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- Heart and Lung Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,European Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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96
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Mapelli M, Amelotti N, Andreini D, Baggiano A, Campodonico J, Moltrasio M, Majocchi B, Mantegazza V, Vignati C, Ribatti V, Catto V, Sicuso R, Moltrasio M, Pontone G, Agostoni P. A case of myopericarditis recurrence after third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a young subject: link or causality? Eur Heart J Suppl 2022; 24:C243-C247. [PMID: 35602257 PMCID: PMC9117911 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate of post-vaccine myocarditis is being studied from the beginning of the massive vaccination campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although a direct cause–effect relationship has been described, in most cases, the vaccine pathophysiological role is doubtful. Moreover, it is not quite as clear as having had a previous myocarditis could be a risk factor for a post-vaccine disease relapse. A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department for palpitations and pericardial chest pain radiated to the upper left limb, on the 4th day after the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. He experienced a previous myocarditis 3 years before, with full recovery and no other comorbidities. Electrocardiogram showed normal atrioventricular conduction, incomplete right bundle branch block, and diffuse ST-segment elevation. A cardiac echo showed lateral wall hypokinesis with preserved ejection fraction. Troponin-T was elevated (160 ng/L), chest X-ray was normal, and the SARS-CoV-2 molecular buffer was negative. High-dose anti-inflammatory therapy with ibuprofen and colchicine was started; in the 3rd day high-sensitivity Troponin I reached a peak of 23000 ng/L. No heart failure or arrhythmias were observed. A cardiac magnetic resonance was performed showing normal biventricular systolic function and abnormal tissue characterization suggestive for acute non-ischaemic myocardial injury (increased native T1 and T2 values, increased signal intensity at T2-weighted images and late gadolinium enhancement, all findings with matched subepicardial distribution) at the level of mid to apical septal, anterior, and anterolateral walls. A left ventricular electroanatomic voltage mapping was negative (both unipolar and bipolar), while the endomyocardial biopsy showed a picture consistent with active myocarditis. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition, on bisoprolol 1.25 mg, ramipril 2.5 mg, ibuprofen 600 mg three times a day, colchicine 0.5 mg twice a day. We presented the case of a young man with history of previous myocarditis, admitted with a non-complicated acute myopericarditis relapse occurred 4 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (3rd dose). Despite the observed very low incidence of cardiac complications following BNT162b2 administration, and the lack of a clear proof of a direct cause–effect relationship, we think that in our patient this link can be more than likely. In the probable need for additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in the next future, studies addressing the risk-benefit balance of this subset of patient are warranted. We described a multidisciplinary management of a case of myocarditis recurrence after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mapelli
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Amelotti
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baggiano
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeness Campodonico
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Moltrasio
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Majocchi
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Mantegazza
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Vignati
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ribatti
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Catto
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Sicuso
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Moltrasio
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Heart Failure Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
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97
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Noor A, Backer M, Krilov LR. Children Lagging with COVID-19 Vaccination. Pediatr Ann 2022; 51:e180-e185. [PMID: 35575538 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20220314-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Children account for a growing share of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in the United States. Since the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccine in adults, there has been an upward trend of cases in children, accounting for approximately 20% of the weekly new cases. The majority (38.3%) reported in high school students age 14 to 17 years. Children are also at risk of a postinflammatory condition, known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, after COVID-19. In addition, infected children could transmit the virus to vulnerable adults, contributing to ongoing pandemic. We believe that children need to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and review the available evidence. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(5):e180-e185.].
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98
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Analysis of YouTube videos as a source of information for myocarditis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Res Cardiol 2022; 111:1113-1120. [PMID: 35471259 PMCID: PMC9039268 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine the content, reliability, and quality of YouTube video contents concerning myocarditis and its association with the COVID-19 for the first time in the literature. METHODS The most viewed 50 videos were included in the analysis. The time since the videos were uploaded, video length, type of image (real/animation), video content, qualify of the uploaders, the number of daily and total views, likes, dislikes, comments and VPI were recorded. The reliability of the videos was determined using the modified DISCERN criteria for consumer health information, while the quality was determined with the GQS. RESULTS The mean length of the videos was found as 6.25 ± 5.20 min. Contents of the videos included general information, COVID-19, vaccination, diagnosis, patient experience and treatment. The most common contents were regarding COVID-19 and vaccination by 44%. The uploaders of the videos were classified as physicians, hospital channels, health channels, patients and others. Fourteen (28%) videos were directly uploaded by physicians. The most viewed, liked and disliked videos were uploaded by health channels. The mean VPI score was calculated as 92.89 ± 12.29. The mean DISCERN score of all videos was 3.88 ± 0.77 and the mean GQS score was 3.63 ± 0.85. Reliability and quality of the videos were moderate. CONCLUSION YouTube videos on myocarditis have mostly focused on the associations between myocarditis and COVID-19 disease and vaccination. Health-related contents on YouTube should be subjected to peer review and quality assessment.
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99
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Zahra FT, Grubbs G, Dummer K, Tremoulet AH, Shimizu C, Burns JC, Khurana S. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants in serum from children with vaccination-induced myocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:1645-1648. [PMID: 35445250 PMCID: PMC9047211 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study demonstrates that children who developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced myocarditis and may not receive another vaccination, could be susceptible to infection with Omicron and emerging variants. We observed higher neutralizing antibody titers in myocarditis patients vs. healthy vaccinated children, but significantly lower neutralization titers against Omicron in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Kirsten Dummer
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adriana H. Tremoulet
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jane C. Burns
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
- Corresponding author: Surender Khurana, Ph.D. Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993 E. mail-
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100
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Moosmann J, Gentles T, Occleshaw C, Mitchelson B. COVID Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescent Siblings: Does It Run in the Family? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040611. [PMID: 35455360 PMCID: PMC9028976 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of myocarditis after receiving messenger RNA vaccination against COVID-19 is well documented, particularly in adolescent and young adult males. We report a case of vaccine-associated myocarditis in adolescent brothers following their second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech, Mainz, Germany). This report illustrates the need to better understand the mechanisms leading to myocarditis after mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moosmann
- Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Gentles
- Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.M.); (T.G.)
- Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | | | - Bryan Mitchelson
- Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.M.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-(0)21-624-346
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