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Elseweidy MM, Mohamed HE, Elrashidy RA, Atteia HH, Elnagar GM, Ali AEM. Potential therapeutic roles of 10-dehydrogingerdione and/or pentoxifylline against calcium deposition in aortic tissues of high dietary cholesterol-fed rabbits. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:131-142. [PMID: 30173373 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD) and pentoxifylline (PTX) either individually or in combined form on calcium deposition in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR), and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Three-months-old male New Zealand white rabbits received either normal chow or HCD for 12 weeks. The latter group was subdivided into five groups and concurrently treated either with vehicle (dyslipidemic control), ATOR, 10-DHGD, PTX or combined 10-DHGD and PTX. Blood samples and aortic tissue were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. HCD-fed rabbits displayed dyslipidemia, inflammation, atherosclerotic lesions, and calcium deposition in aortas as compared to normal group. This was associated with up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), wingless-type MMTV integration site family 3A (Wnt3a) mRNA levels and osteopontin expression in their aortic tissue, along with higher serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. Furthermore, a marked decrease in osteoprotegerin, along with a significant increase in receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK) levels, was found in aortic tissue of dyslipidemic rabbits. 10-DHGD and PTX monotherapy significantly modulated the afore-mentioned calcification markers and attenuated aortic calcification to greater extent than ATOR. Combination of 10-DHGD and PTX exerted more anti-calcifying effect than either individual drug. Our findings suggested therapeutic roles of 10-DHGD and PTX against aortic calcium deposition in dyslipidemic rabbits, likely mediated by HDL-raising effect and attenuation of associated inflammation. Combination of 10-DHGD and PTX may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for aortic calcification associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Monem Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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52
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Park S, Lee CJ, Jhee JH, Yun HR, Kim H, Jung SY, Kee YK, Yoon CY, Park JT, Kim HC, Han SH, Kang SW, Park S, Yoo TH. Extracellular Fluid Excess Is Significantly Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008935. [PMID: 29960990 PMCID: PMC6064889 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular fluid (ECF) excess is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in patients undergoing dialysis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ECF status, which is affected by renal function, and coronary artery calcification (CAC), which is a marker of cardiovascular disease, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1741 patients at all stages of pre-dialysis CKD from the prospective observational cohort of CMERC-HI (Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center-High Risk) were analyzed for the association between ECF status and CAC. ECF status was defined as extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. ECF excess was defined as ECW/TBW ≥0.390 or ≥0.400 depending on its severity. To define CAC, Agatston coronary artery calcium scores were measured. A total coronary artery calcium score of ≥400 was defined as CAC. The CKD stages were defined according to estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. ECW/TBW and the proportion of ECF excess increased with progressing CKD stages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that ECW/TBW was independently associated with CAC (per 0.01 increase of ECW/TBW, odds ratio 1.168, 95% confidence interval, 1.079-1.264, P<0.001). The adjusted R2 for predicting higher coronary artery calcium scores and CAC significantly improved after ECW/TBW was added to conventional factors. This association was further confirmed by net reclassification and integrated discriminant improvements, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS ECF status is independently associated with a high risk of CAC in patients with CKD. STUDY REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT02003781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Yun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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53
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The role of OPG/RANKL in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:28-33. [PMID: 31646276 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A major factor in the pathogenesis of CV disease is vascular calcification (VC), which is accelerated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Calcification of the vessel wall contributes to vascular stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy whereas intimal calcification may predispose to plaque rupture and CV death. The pathogenesis of VC is complex but appears to be regulated by the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway, which is involved in bone remodeling. Within the bone, OPG prevents RANKL from binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB and inhibiting bone resorption. Outside of the bone, the clinical significance of OPG blocking RANKL is not well understood, but OPG knockout mice that lack OPG develop early and severe VC. This minireview outlines some of the research on OPG/RANKL in the pathogenesis of VC and discusses potential therapies, which may reduce VC and CV burden in humans.
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Selenoprotein S inhibits inflammation-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:739-751. [PMID: 29721770 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of many diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. A significant association of selenoprotein S (SelS) gene polymorphism with atherosclerotic CVD has been reported in epidemiologic studies, but the underlying mechanism is far from clear. To investigate the role of SelS in inflammation-induced vascular calcification, osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were compared between the cells with and without SelS knockdown. LPS or TNF-α induced osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs, as showed by the increases of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) protein levels, Runx2 and type I collagen mRNA levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition content. These changes were aggravated when SelS was knocked down by small interfering RNA. Moreover, LPS activated both classical and alternative pathways of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in calcifying VSMCs, which were further enhanced under SelS knockdown condition. SelS knockdown also exacerbated LPS-induced increases of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-6 expression, as well as increases of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α expression in calcifying VSMCs. In conclusion, the present study suggested that SelS might inhibit inflammation-induced VSMC calcification probably by suppressing activation of NF-κB signaling pathways and ER stress. Our findings provide new understanding of the role of SelS in vascular calcification, which will be potentially beneficial to the prevention of atherosclerotic CVD.
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55
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Ramachandran B, Stabley JN, Cheng SL, Behrmann AS, Gay A, Li L, Mead M, Kozlitina J, Lemoff A, Mirzaei H, Chen Z, Towler DA. A GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1)/antiviral protein relay conveys arteriosclerotic Wnt signals in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7942-7968. [PMID: 29626090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM), the canonical Wnt receptor LRP6 inhibits protein arginine (Arg) methylation, a new component of noncanonical Wnt signaling that stimulates nuclear factor of activated T cells (viz NFATc4). To better understand how methylation mediates these actions, MS was performed on VSM cell extracts from control and LRP6-deficient mice. LRP6-dependent Arg methylation was regulated on >500 proteins; only 21 exhibited increased monomethylation (MMA) with concomitant reductions in dimethylation. G3BP1, a known regulator of arteriosclerosis, exhibited a >30-fold increase in MMA in its C-terminal domain. Co-transfection studies confirm that G3BP1 (G3BP is Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein) methylation is inhibited by LRP6 and that G3BP1 stimulates NFATc4 transcription. NFATc4 association with VSM osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) chromatin was increased with LRP6 deficiency and reduced with G3BP1 deficiency. G3BP1 activation of NFATc4 mapped to G3BP1 domains supporting interactions with RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I), a stimulus for mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) that drives cardiovascular calcification in humans when mutated in Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2). Gain-of-function SGMRT2/RIG-I mutants increased G3BP1 methylation and synergized with osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2 and NFATc4). A chemical antagonist of G3BP, C108 (C108 is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazide CAS 15533-09-2), down-regulated RIG-I-stimulated G3BP1 methylation, Wnt/NFAT signaling, VSM TNAP activity, and calcification. G3BP1 deficiency reduced RIG-I protein levels and VSM osteogenic programs. Like G3BP1 and RIG-I deficiency, MAVS deficiency reduced VSM osteogenic signals, including TNAP activity and Wnt5-dependent nuclear NFATc4 levels. Aortic calcium accumulation is decreased in MAVS-deficient LDLR-/- mice fed arteriosclerotic diets. The G3BP1/RIG-I/MAVS relay is a component of Wnt signaling. Targeting this relay may help mitigate arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Ramachandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - John N Stabley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Su-Li Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Abraham S Behrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Megan Mead
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.
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Serum calcification propensity is associated with renal tissue oxygenation and resistive index in patients with arterial hypertension or chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 2018; 35:2044-2052. [PMID: 28562422 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial calcifications increase arterial stiffness and are associated with a faster decline of kidney function in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Yet the underlying mechanisms linking arterial calcifications, vascular stiffness and renal function decline are incompletely understood. A novel in-vitro blood test evaluates the propensity of patient's serum to prevent the formation of calcifications by measuring the maturation time of calciprotein particles (CPP) [transformation time of amorphous calcium phosphate-containing primary CPP to crystalline hydroxyapatite-containing secondary CPP (T50)]. We hypothesized that a high arterial stiffness and a high propensity to calcify may be associated with high renal vascular resistance and low renal tissue oxygenation. METHODS T50 was measured in patients with AH and a preserved renal function, in CKD patients and in healthy controls, a lower T50 indicating a higher risk of calcification. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed as a measure of arterial stiffness, and renal resistive index was measured by renal Doppler ultrasound. Renal tissue oxygenation was measured by blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI using the mean R2 values of the cortex, the medulla and layers of renal parenchyma. A high R2 value corresponds to a low tissue oxygenation. RESULTS Mean T50 was 246 ± 129 min in 58 CKD patients, 275 ± 111 min in 48 AH patients and 324 ± 96 min in 39 healthy controls (Panova = 0.008). In multivariable adjusted linear regression analysis, serum T50 correlated negatively with circulating calcium and phosphate levels, mean cortical and medullary R2, PWV, renal resistive index and being hypertensive. PWV was positively associated with R2 levels of outer and inner layers of renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION The current study shows that hypertensive patients with preserved renal function as well as CKD patients have a higher risk of calcification than controls. High arterial stiffness and calcification propensity are linked to low renal tissue oxygenation and perfusion in hypertensive and CKD patients. These results provide new insights on the relationships among arterial stiffness, renal tissue oxygenation and the risk of developing CKD.
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57
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Hsu JJ, Lu J, Umar S, Lee JT, Kulkarni RP, Ding Y, Chang CC, Hsiai TK, Hokugo A, Gkouveris I, Tetradis S, Nishimura I, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Effects of teriparatide on morphology of aortic calcification in aged hyperlipidemic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1203-H1213. [PMID: 29451816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00718.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic vasculopathy correlates with bone loss in osteoporosis in an age-independent manner. Prior work suggests that teriparatide, the bone anabolic treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, may inhibit the onset of aortic calcification. Whether teriparatide affects the progression of preexisting aortic calcification, widespread among this patient population, is unknown. Female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were aged for over 1 yr to induce aortic calcification, treated for 4.5 wk with daily injections of control vehicle (PBS), 40 µg/kg teriparatide (PTH40), or 400 µg/kg teriparatide (PTH400), and assayed for aortic calcification by microcomputed tomography (microCT) before and after treatment. In a followup cohort, aged female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with PBS or PTH400 and assayed for aortic calcification by serial microCT and micropositron emission tomography. In both cohorts, aortic calcification detected by microCT progressed similarly in all groups. Mean aortic 18F-NaF incorporation, detected by serial micropositron emission tomography, increased in the PBS-treated group (+14 ± 5%). In contrast, 18F-NaF incorporation decreased in the PTH400-treated group (-33 ± 20%, P = 0.03). Quantitative histochemical analysis by Alizarin red staining revealed a lower mineral surface area index in the PTH400-treated group compared with the PBS-treated group ( P = 0.04). Furthermore, Masson trichrome staining showed a significant increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricular myocardium of mice that received PTH400 [2.1 ± 0.6% vs. control mice (0.5 ± 0.1%), P = 0.02]. In summary, although teriparatide may not affect the calcium mineral content of aortic calcification, it reduces 18F-NaF uptake in calcified lesions, suggesting the possibility that it may reduce mineral surface area with potential impact on plaque stability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parathyroid hormone regulates bone mineralization and may also affect vascular calcification, which is an important issue, given that its active fragment, teriparatide, is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis. To determine whether teriparatide alters vascular calcification, we imaged aortic calcification in mice treated with teriparatide and control mice. Although teriparatide did not affect the calcium content of cardiovascular deposits, it reduced their fluoride tracer uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinxiu Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ioannis Gkouveris
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
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58
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Tan L, Wang Z, Li Y. Rabbit models provide insights into bone formation related biological process in atherosclerotic vascular calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1369-1375. [PMID: 29421657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Featured as ectopic mineralization along blood vessels, vascular calcification is a major risk factor for a number of prevalent diseases including atherosclerosis. As recent studies identify vascular calcification as a tightly regulated process recapitulating embryonic bone formation, in this study, RNA-seq data generated from rabbit models with inherited or induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were used, to investigate bone formation related signals and biological processes in atherosclerotic vascular calcification. Evident activation of bone formation was found, together with presence and functioning of bone resorption cell osteoclasts, which were found to possibly also promote bone formation in this disease. Resistance of bone formation and calcification were also found, through down-regulation of pro-ossification regulators and up-regulation of protective inhibitors and Wnt antagonists. Levels of activation and resistance of bone formation differed between the two disease models, suggesting different underlying mechanisms and corresponding treatments. In addition, loss-of-function of protective inhibitors KL and SOST, and possibly crucial role of GPNMB were also highlighted for treatment or further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linuo Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Abstract
Accelerated ageing is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)/end-stage renal disease. Premature vascular aging and arterial stiffening are the most characteristic features of this "progeria" that is already observed in those with the early stages of CKD. Aortic stiffening is associated with high characteristic impedance, left ventricular hypertrophy, decreased coronary perfusion, and is a strong prognostic marker of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. With aging, the arterial stiffening is more pronounced in the aorta and central arteries than in peripheral conduit arteries. This leads to progressive decrease and inversion of the arterial stiffness gradient and systemic reflection coefficient, leading to less protection of the microcirculation in the event of high-pressure transmission towards it Arterial stiffening is multifactorial with systemic microinflammation being one of the most important associated factors primarily associated with vascular calcifications.
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60
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Kamenskiy A, Poulson W, Sim S, Reilly A, Luo J, MacTaggart J. Prevalence of Calcification in Human Femoropopliteal Arteries and its Association with Demographics, Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e48-e57. [PMID: 29371245 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial calcification and stiffening increase the risk of reconstruction failure, amputation, and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease, but underlying mechanisms and prevalence are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fresh human femoropopliteal arteries were obtained from n=431 tissue donors aged 13 to 82 years (mean age, 53±16 years) recording the in situ longitudinal prestretch. Arterial diameter, wall thickness, and opening angles were measured optically, and stiffness was assessed using planar biaxial extension and constitutive modeling. Histological features were determined using transverse and longitudinal Verhoeff-Van Gieson and Alizarin stains. Medial calcification was quantified using a 7-stage grading scale and was correlated with structural and mechanical properties and clinical characteristics. Almost half (46%) of the femoropopliteal arteries had identifiable medial calcification. Older arteries were more calcified, but small calcium deposits were observed in arteries as young as 18 years old. After controlling for age, positive correlations were observed between calcification, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and body mass index. Tobacco use demonstrated a negative correlation. Calcified arteries were larger in diameter but had smaller circumferential opening angles. They were also stiffer longitudinally and circumferentially and had thinner tunica media and external elastic lamina with more discontinuous elastic fibers. CONCLUSIONS Although aging is the dominant risk factor for femoropopliteal artery calcification and stiffening, these processes seem to be linked and can begin at a young age. Calcification is associated with the presence of certain risk factors and with elastic fiber degradation, suggesting overlapping molecular pathways that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kamenskiy
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
| | - William Poulson
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Sylvie Sim
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Austin Reilly
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Jason MacTaggart
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
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Okada H, Tada H, Hayashi K, Kawashima H, Takata T, Sakata K, Nohara A, Mabuchi H, Yamagishi M, Kawashiri MA. Aortic Root Calcification Score as an Independent Factor for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:634-642. [PMID: 29321389 PMCID: PMC6055038 DOI: 10.5551/jat.42705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aims of this study were: 1) to determine whether the accumulation of aortic root calcification (ARC) assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can predict future cardiovascular events, and 2) to estimate the onset and progression of ARC in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods: One hundred thirteen consecutive Japanese patients with heterozygous FH (male = 54, mean age = 52.1 ± 15.6 years, mean LDL-C = 299.0 ± 94.6 mg/dL), without known coronary artery disease, who underwent 64-detector row CCTA were retrospectively evaluated. ARC was defined as the presence of calcium at the aortic root. The extent of ARC was expressed in Agatston units as the ARC-score. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as either cardiac death, ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or stroke. The periods to MACE were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: During the follow-up period (median 1635 days), 19 instances of MACE occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ARC was a significant independent predictor of MACE (OR= 1.48; 95% CI 1.11–1.87, p < 0.001, respectively). The regression equations were Y= 0.09X − 1.59 (R2 = 0.34, p < 0.001) in males and Y = 0.08X − 1.60 (R2 = 0.13, p < 0. 05) in females. Conclusions: ARC was significantly associated with future MACE in Japanese patients with heterozygous FH. ARC may start to develop, on average, at 17.4 and 19.7 years of age in males and females, respectively, with heterozygous FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Mabuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
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Lacolley P, Regnault V, Segers P, Laurent S. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1555-1617. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation. Arterial stiffness, the inverse of distensibility, has been implicated in various etiologies of chronic common and monogenic cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The first components that contribute to arterial stiffening are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the mechanical load, while the second important components are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which not only regulate actomyosin interactions for contraction but mediate also mechanotransduction in cell-ECM homeostasis. Eventually, VSMC plasticity and signaling in both conductance and resistance arteries are highly relevant to the physiology of normal and early vascular aging. This review summarizes current concepts of central pressure and tensile pulsatile circumferential stress as key mechanical determinants of arterial wall remodeling, cell-ECM interactions depending mainly on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, the large/small arteries cross-talk that gives rise to target organ damage, and inflammatory pathways leading to calcification or atherosclerosis. We further speculate on the contribution of cellular stiffness along the arterial tree to vascular wall stiffness. In addition, this review provides the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting arterial stiffening. Now that important hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness have been elucidated, and the complex interplay between ECM, cells, and sensors identified, further research should study their potential to halt or to reverse the development of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Regnault
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Segers
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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63
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Lu C, MacDougall M. RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling in Singleton-Merten Syndrome. Front Genet 2017; 8:118. [PMID: 28955379 PMCID: PMC5600918 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) is an autosomal dominant, multi-system innate immune disorder characterized by early and severe aortic and valvular calcification, dental and skeletal abnormalities, psoriasis, glaucoma, and other varying clinical findings. Recently we identified a specific gain-of-function mutation in IFIH1, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1, segregated with this disease. SMS disease without hallmark dental anomalies, termed atypical SMS, has recently been reported caused by variants in DDX58, DEXD/H-box helicase 58. IFIH1 and DDX58 encode retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors family members melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 and RIG-I, respectively. These cytosolic pattern recognition receptors function in viral RNA detection initiating an innate immune response through independent pathways that promote type I and type III interferon expression and proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focus on SMS as an innate immune disorder summarizing clinical features, molecular aspects of the pathogenetic pathway and discussing underlying mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Lu
- Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, United States
| | - Mary MacDougall
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, VancouverBC, Canada
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Mayer O, Seidlerová J, Wohlfahrt P, Filipovský J, Cífková R, Černá V, Kučerová A, Pešta M, Fuchsová R, Topolčan O, Jardon KMC, Drummen NEA, Vermeer C. Synergistic effect of low K and D vitamin status on arterial stiffness in a general population. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 46:83-89. [PMID: 28486172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both vitamins K and D are nutrients with pleiotropic functions in human tissues. The metabolic role of these vitamins overlaps considerably in calcium homeostasis. We analyzed their potential synergetic effect on arterial stiffness. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) in 1023 subjects from the Czech post-MONICA study. Desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein (dp-ucMGP), a biomarker of vitamin K status, was measured by sandwich ELISA and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) by a commercial immunochemical assay. In a subsample of 431 subjects without chronic disease or pharmacotherapy, we detected rs2228570 polymorphism for the vitamin D receptor. After adjustment for confounders, aPWV was independently associated with both factors: dp-ucMGP [β-coefficient(S.E.M.)=13.91(4.87); P=.004] and 25-OH-D3 [0.624(0.28); P=.027]. In a further analysis, we divided subjects according to dp-ucMGP and 25-OH-D3 quartiles, resulting in 16 subgroups. The highest aPWV had subjects in the top quartile of dp-ucMGP plus bottom quartile of 25-OH-D3 (i.e., in those with insufficient status of both vitamin K and vitamin D), while the lowest aPVW had subjects in the bottom quartile of dp-ucMGP plus top quartile of 25-OH-D3 [9.8 (SD2.6) versus 6.6 (SD1.6) m/s; P<.0001]. When we compared these extreme groups of vitamin K and D status, the adjusted odds ratio for aPWV≥9.3 m/s was 6.83 (95% CI:1.95-20.9). The aPWV was also significantly higher among subjects bearing the GG genotype of rs2228570, but only in those with a concomitantly poor vitamin K status. In conclusion, we confirmed substantial interaction of insufficient K and D vitamin status in terms of increased aortic stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Mayer
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Seidlerová
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Wohlfahrt
- Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filipovský
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Cífková
- Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václava Černá
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kučerová
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pešta
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Fuchsová
- Department of Immunodiagnostics, University Hospital, Pilsen; Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Topolčan
- Department of Immunodiagnostics, University Hospital, Pilsen; Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Cees Vermeer
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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66
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High phosphate induces a pro-inflammatory response by vascular smooth muscle cells and modulation by vitamin D derivatives. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1449-1463. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease patients, high phosphate (HP) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Since serum phosphate has been independently correlated with inflammation, the present study aimed to investigate an independent direct effect of HP as a pro-inflammatory factor in VSMCs. A possible modulatory effect of vitamin D (VitD) was also investigated. The study was performed in an in vitro model of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Incubation of cells in an HP (3.3 mM) medium caused an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukins (ILs) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (not corroborated at the protein levels for ICAM-1), as well as an increase in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production. This was accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling as demonstrated by the increase in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells protein 65 (p65-NF-κΒ) assessed by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Since all these events were attenuated by an antioxidant pre-incubation with the radical scavenger Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), it is suggested that the inflammatory response is upstream mediated by the ROS/RNS-induced activation of NF-κΒ. Addition of paricalcitol (PC) 3·10−8 M to cells in HP prevented the phosphate induced ROS/RNS increase, the activation of NF-κΒ and the cytokine up-regulation. A bimodal effect was observed, however, for different calcitriol (CTR) concentrations, 10−10 and 10−12 M attenuated but 10−8 M stimulated this phosphate induced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, these findings provide novel mechanisms whereby HP may directly favour vascular dysfunctions and new insights into the protective effects exerted by VitD derivatives.
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67
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Shamsuzzaman S, Onal M, St John HC, Pike JW. Deletion of a Distal RANKL Gene Enhancer Delays Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4240-4253. [PMID: 28419519 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a TNF-like cytokine which mediates diverse physiological functions including bone remodeling and immune regulation. RANKL has been identified in atherosclerotic lesions; however, its role in atherosclerotic plaque development remains elusive. An enhancer located 75 kb upstream of the murine Rankl gene's transcription start site designated D5 is important for its calciotropic hormone- and cytokine-mediated expression. Here, we determined the impact of RANKL levels in atherosclerotic plaque development in the D5 enhancer-null (D5-/- ) mice in an atherogenic Apoe-/- background fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rankl mRNA transcripts were increased in aortic arches and thoracic aortae of Apoe-/- mice; however, this increase was blunted in Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice. Similarly, higher Rankl transcripts were identified in splenic T lymphocytes in Apoe-/- mice, and their levels were reduced in Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice. When analyzed by micro-computed tomography (µCT), atherosclerotic plaque calcification was identified in six out of eight Apoe-/- mice, whereas only one out of eight Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice developed plaque calcification after 12 weeks of HFD. However, following 18 weeks of HFD challenge, all of Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- ;D5-/- animals developed atherosclerotic plaque calcification. Likewise, atherosclerotic lesion sizes were site-specifically reduced in the aortic arch of Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice at initial stage of atherosclerosis and this effect was diminished as atherosclerosis proceeded to a more advanced stage. Our data suggest that deletion of the RANKL D5 enhancer delays the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development and plaque calcification in hypercholesterolemic mice. This work provides important insight into RANKL's regulatory role in atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4240-4253, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Beloqui O, Moreno MU, San José G, Pejenaute Á, Cortés A, Landecho MF, Díez J, Fortuño A, Zalba G. Increased phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity associates with coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic men. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:389-396. [PMID: 28427294 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1321745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common feature in atherosclerosis and associates with cardiovascular events. Oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Previous studies have shown that the phagocytic NADPH oxidase is associated with atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between phagocytic NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production and coronary artery calcium (CAC). NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production was determined by chemiluminescence and CAC by computed tomography in 159 asymptomatic men free of overt clinical atherosclerosis. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between CAC and NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production. Compared with individuals in the lowest score of CAC (= 0 Agatston units), those in the upper score (>400 Agatston units) showed higher superoxide production (p < 0.05). In correlation analysis, superoxide production positively (p < 0.01) correlated with CAC, which in multivariate analysis remained significant after adjusting for age, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, smoking, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, in a population of men without clinically overt atherosclerotic disease, increased NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production associated with enhanced CAC. Albeit descriptive, these findings suggest a potential involvement of phagocytic NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Beloqui
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain
| | - María U Moreno
- b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain.,c Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology , Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Centre for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain.,c Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology , Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Centre for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- d Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Adriana Cortés
- d Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Manuel F Landecho
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain.,c Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology , Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Centre for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,e Deparment of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain.,c Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology , Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Centre for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- b IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain.,c Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology , Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Centre for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,d Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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69
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Provan SA, Olsen IC, Austad C, Haugeberg G, Kvien TK, Uhlig T. Calcium supplementation and inflammation increase mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: A 15-year cohort study in 609 patients from the Oslo Rheumatoid Arthritis Register. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 46:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Stabley JN, Towler DA. Arterial Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical Models and Translational Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:205-217. [PMID: 28062508 PMCID: PMC5480317 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increasingly afflicts our aging and dysmetabolic population. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the antecedent metabolic syndrome represent the vast majority of the disease burden-increasingly prevalent in children and older adults. However, type 1 diabetes mellitus is also advancing in preadolescent children. As such, a crushing wave of cardiometabolic disease burden now faces our society. Arteriosclerotic calcification is increased in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus-impairing conduit vessel compliance and function, thereby increasing the risk for dementia, stroke, heart attack, limb ischemia, renal insufficiency, and lower extremity amputation. Preclinical models of these dysmetabolic settings have provided insights into the pathobiology of arterial calcification. Osteochondrogenic morphogens in the BMP-Wnt signaling relay and transcriptional regulatory programs driven by Msx and Runx gene families are entrained to innate immune responses-responses activated by the dysmetabolic state-to direct arterial matrix deposition and mineralization. Recent studies implicate the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in contributing to the phenotypic drift of mineralizing vascular progenitors. In this brief overview, we discuss preclinical disease models that provide mechanistic insights-and point to challenges and opportunities to translate these insights into new therapeutic strategies for our patients afflicted with diabetes mellitus and its arteriosclerotic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Male
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Stabley
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dwight A Towler
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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71
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Shamsuzzaman S, Onal M, St John HC, Jeffery JJ, Pike JW. Absence of the Vitamin D Receptor Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification in Female Hypercholesterolemic Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1050-1064. [PMID: 27567005 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical data suggest adverse cardiovascular outcomes with respect to vitamin D deficiency. Here, we explored the effects of vitamin D in atherosclerotic plaque calcification in vivo by utilizing vitamin D receptor (Vdr)-deficient mice in an Apoe-/- background. Animals were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for either 12 or 18 weeks and then examined for atherosclerotic plaque development. In order to prevent calcium deficiency, Vdr-/- and Apoe-/- ;Vdr-/- animals were fed a high-calcium rescue diet prior to initiation of the HFD feeding and supplemented with high-calcium water during HFD feeding. Although calcium supplementation improved bone mass in Vdr-/- and Apoe-/- ;Vdr-/- mice, neither strain was fully rescued. Systemic inflammatory responses observed in the absence of VDR were exaggerated in Apoe-/- mice. Whereas, hyperlipidemic profiles seen in Apoe-/- mice were ameliorated in the absence of VDR. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) analysis revealed that six out of eight Apoe-/- animals developed atherosclerotic plaque calcification following 12 weeks of HFD feeding and 100% of the mice developed plaque calcification after 18 weeks. In contrast, although atherosclerotic lesions were evident in Apoe-/- ;Vdr-/- mice at 12 and 18 weeks of HFD challenge, none of these animals developed plaque calcification at either time point. The active vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2 D3 likely increased calcification in aortic smooth muscle cells perhaps by directly modulating expression of Alpl, Rankl, and Opg. Our data suggest that the absence of VDR inhibits atherosclerotic plaque calcification in hypercholesterolemic Apoe-/- mice, providing additional insight into the role of vitamin D in atherosclerotic plaque calcification. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1050-1064, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - John W Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Bennis Y, Vengadessane S, Bodeau S, Gras V, Bricca G, Kamel S, Liabeuf S. Les calcifications vasculaires sous anti-vitamines K : un effet indésirable méconnu. Therapie 2016; 71:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boraldi F, Bartolomeo A, De Biasi S, Orlando S, Costa S, Cossarizza A, Quaglino D. Innovative Flow Cytometry Allows Accurate Identification of Rare Circulating Cells Involved in Endothelial Dysfunction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160153. [PMID: 27560136 PMCID: PMC5004589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although rare, circulating endothelial and progenitor cells could be
considered as markers of endothelial damage and repair potential, possibly
predicting the severity of cardiovascular manifestations. A number of
studies highlighted the role of these cells in age-related diseases,
including those characterized by ectopic calcification. Nevertheless, their
use in clinical practice is still controversial, mainly due to difficulties
in finding reproducible and accurate methods for their determination. Methods Circulating mature cells (CMC, CD45-, CD34+,
CD133-) and circulating progenitor cells (CPC,
CD45dim, CD34bright, CD133+) were
investigated by polychromatic high-speed flow cytometry to detect the
expression of endothelial (CD309+) or osteogenic
(BAP+) differentiation markers in healthy subjects and in
patients affected by peripheral vascular manifestations associated with
ectopic calcification. Results This study shows that: 1) polychromatic flow cytometry represents a valuable
tool to accurately identify rare cells; 2) the balance of CD309+
on CMC/CD309+ on CPC is altered in patients affected by
peripheral vascular manifestations, suggesting the occurrence of vascular
damage and low repair potential; 3) the increase of circulating cells
exhibiting a shift towards an osteoblast-like phenotype (BAP+) is
observed in the presence of ectopic calcification. Conclusion Differences between healthy subjects and patients with ectopic calcification
indicate that this approach may be useful to better evaluate endothelial
dysfunction in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via
Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelica Bartolomeo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via
Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences,
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena,
Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via
Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Sonia Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via
Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences,
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena,
Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via
Campi 287, Modena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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74
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight A Towler
- From the Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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75
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Fu Y, Gao C, Liang Y, Wang M, Huang Y, Ma W, Li T, Jia Y, Yu F, Zhu W, Cui Q, Li Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Kong W. Shift of Macrophage Phenotype Due to Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Deficiency Drives Atherosclerotic Calcification. Circ Res 2016; 119:261-76. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Intimal calcification is highly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque burden, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We recently reported that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a component of vascular extracellular matrix, is an endogenous inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.
Objective:
To investigate whether COMP affects atherosclerotic calcification.
Methods and Results:
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice fed with chow diet for 12 months manifested more extensive atherosclerotic calcification in the innominate arteries than did
ApoE
−/−
mice. To investigate which origins of COMP contributed to atherosclerotic calcification, bone marrow transplantation was performed between
ApoE
−/−
and
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice. Enhanced calcification was observed in mice transplanted with
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
bone marrow compared with mice transplanted with
ApoE
−/−
bone marrow, indicating that bone marrow–derived COMP may play a critical role in atherosclerotic calcification. Furthermore, microarray profiling of wild-type and
COMP
−/−
macrophages revealed that COMP-deficient macrophages exerted atherogenic and osteogenic characters. Integrin β3 protein was attenuated in
COMP
−/−
macrophages, and overexpression of integrin β3 inhibited the shift of macrophage phenotypes by COMP deficiency. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus 2–integrin β3 infection attenuated atherosclerotic calcification in
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice. Mechanistically, COMP bound directly to β-tail domain of integrin β3 via its C-terminus, and blocking of the COMP–integrin β3 association by β-tail domain mimicked the COMP deficiency–induced shift in macrophage phenotypes. Similar to COMP deficiency in mice, transduction of adeno-associated virus 2–β-tail domain enhanced atherosclerotic calcification in
ApoE
−/−
mice.
Conclusions:
These results reveal that COMP deficiency acted via integrin β3 to drive macrophages toward the atherogenic and osteogenic phenotype and thereby aggravate atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Cheng Gao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Ying Liang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Meili Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yaqian Huang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wei Ma
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Tuoyi Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yiting Jia
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Fang Yu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Qinghua Cui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yanhui Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Xian Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wei Kong
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
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76
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Harper E, Forde H, Davenport C, Rochfort KD, Smith D, Cummins PM. Vascular calcification in type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Integrative roles for OPG, RANKL and TRAIL. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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77
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Jiang B, Suen R, Wang JJ, Zhang ZJ, Wertheim JA, Ameer GA. Mechanocompatible Polymer-Extracellular-Matrix Composites for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1594-605. [PMID: 27109033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201501003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts developed from vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) can potentially be used for bypass surgeries and other vascular reconstruction and repair procedures. The addition of heparin to the ECM improves graft hemocompatibility but often involves chemical cross-linking, which increases ECM mechanical stiffness compared to native arteries. Herein, the importance of maintaining ECM mechanocompatibility is demonstrated, and a mechanocompatible strategy to immobilize heparin onto the ECM via a biodegradable elastomer is described. Specifically, poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate)-co-cysteine is hybridized to the ECM, forming a polymer-ECM composite that allows for heparin immobilization via maleimide-thiol "click" chemistry. Heparinized composites reduce platelet adhesion by >60% in vitro, without altering the elastic modulus of the ECM. In a rat abdominal aortic interposition model, intimal hyperplasia in heparinized mechanocompatible grafts is 65% lower when compared to ECM-only control grafts at four weeks. In contrast, grafts that are heparinized with carbodiimide chemistry exhibit increased intimal hyperplasia (4.2-fold) and increased macrophage infiltration (3.5-fold) compared to ECM-only control grafts. All grafts show similar, partial endothelial cell coverage and little to no ECM remodeling. Overall, a mechanocompatible strategy to improve ECM thromboresistance is described and the importance of ECM mechanical properties for proper in vivo graft performance is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Biomedical Engineering Department; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Rachel Suen
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Jiao-Jing Wang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Zheng J. Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Jason A. Wertheim
- Biomedical Engineering Department; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA. Simpson Querrey Institute; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Biomedical Engineering Department; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Surgery; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute; Northwestern University; Chicago IL 60611 USA
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78
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Albanese I, Daskalopoulou SS, Yu B, You Z, Genest J, Alsheikh-Ali A, Schwertani AG. The Urotensin II System and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Role in Vascular Calcification. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:149. [PMID: 27375483 PMCID: PMC4894881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aims of the present study were to determine the expression of urotensin II (UII), urotensin-II related peptide (URP), and their receptor (UT) in stable and unstable carotid atherosclerosis, and determine the effects of UII on human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMCs) calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined UII, URP, and UT protein expression in 88 carotid endarterectomy specimens using immunohistochemistry. Expression of UII, URP, and UT was more evident in unstable compared to stable plaques (P < 0.05). Multivariate Spearman correlation analyses revealed significant positive correlations between UII, URP and UT overall staining and presence of calcification, severity of stenosis and inflammation (P < 0.05). Subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy had significantly higher plasma UII levels, as assessed by ELISA, when compared with normolipidemic healthy control subjects (P < 0.05). Incubation of human aortic SMCs cultured in phosphate media with varying concentrations of UII resulted in a significant increase in calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. UII also significantly increased β-catenin translocation and expression of ALPL, BMP2, ON, and SOX9 (P < 0.05). Incubation of cells with phosphate medium alone increased the expression of the pre-UT and mature UT (P < 0.01), and addition of UII had a synergistic effect on pre-UT protein expression (P < 0.001) compared to phosphate medium alone. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of UII, URP, and UT in unstable carotid endarterectomy plaques and plasma, and the stimulatory effect of UII on vascular smooth muscle cell calcification suggest that the UII system may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification and stability of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Yu
- Cardiology, McGill University Health Center Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhipeng You
- Cardiology, McGill University Health Center Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiology, McGill University Health Center Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- Cardiology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University Dubai, UAE
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79
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Li X, Lim J, Lu J, Pedego TM, Demer L, Tintut Y. Protective Role of Smad6 in Inflammation-Induced Valvular Cell Calcification. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2354-64. [PMID: 25864564 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic vascular and valvular disease (CAVD) is associated with hyperlipidemia, the effects of which occur through chronic inflammation. Evidence suggests that inhibitory small mothers against decapentaplegic (I-Smads; Smad6 and 7) regulate valve embryogenesis and may serve as a mitigating factor in CAVD. However, whether I-Smads regulate inflammation-induced calcific vasculopathy is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the role of I-Smads in atherosclerotic calcification. Results showed that expression of Smad6, but not Smad7, was reduced in aortic and valve tissues of hyperlipidemic compared with normolipemic mice, while expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was upregulated. To test whether the effects are in response to inflammatory cytokines, we isolated murine aortic valve leaflets and cultured valvular interstitial cells (mVIC) from the normolipemic mice. By immunochemistry, mVICs were strongly positive for vimentin, weakly positive for smooth muscle α actin, and negative for an endothelial cell marker. TNF-α upregulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization in mVICs. By gene expression analysis, TNF-α significantly upregulated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression while downregulating Smad6 expression. Smad7 expression was not significantly affected. To further test the role of Smad6 on TNF-α-induced valvular cell calcification, we knocked down Smad6 expression using lentiviral transfection. In cells transfected with Smad6 shRNA, TNF-α further augmented ALP activity, expression of BMP-2, Wnt- and redox-regulated genes, and matrix mineralization compared with the control cells. These findings suggest that TNF-α induces valvular and vascular cell calcification, in part, by specifically reducing the expression of a BMP-2 signaling inhibitor, Smad6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jina Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinxiu Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taylor M Pedego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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80
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Zhang Y, Feng B. Systematic review and meta-analysis for the association of bone mineral density and osteoporosis/osteopenia with vascular calcification in women. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 20:154-160. [PMID: 27153243 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The relationships of osteoporosis/osteopenia and bone mineral density (BMD) with vascular calcification (VC) remain controversial. Thus, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between BMD, osteoporosis/osteopenia risk and VC. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Springer databases were searched from inception to March, 2015 for studies involving the association of vascular calcification with BMD and osteopenia/osteoporosis in women. A manual search of the references cited in the publications was also employed for more relevant studies. The heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and I2 test. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the VC group and control group were appropriately pooled. RESULTS Four studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The pooled effects indicated that the spine BMD (WMD = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.06) and hip BMD (WMD = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.07) in VC group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively. Moreover, patients with VC were prone to develop osteoporosis (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.82-6.83) and osteopenia (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.14-2.60). CONCLUSION The results suggest that patients with VC have lower lumbar spine and hip BMD levels and increased risk for developing osteoporosis/osteopenia. Thus, VC patients should be evaluated for the presence of osteoporosis/osteopenia, as well as susceptibility to fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
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81
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Curtze SC, Kratz M, Steinert M, Vogt S. Step down Vascular Calcification Analysis using State-of-the-Art Nanoanalysis Techniques. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23285. [PMID: 26980376 PMCID: PMC4793193 DOI: 10.1038/srep23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the architecture and formation mechanisms of calcific lesions down to the nanoscale open a better understanding of atherosclerosis and its pathogenesis. Scanning electron - and atomic force microscope based nano-analytical characterization techniques were adapted to the assessment of an ex-vivo calcified coronary artery. Human atherosclerotic tissue and bone tissue reside a typical chemistry of Magnesium and Sodium rich Calcium phosphates, identified as whitlockite and Calcium apatite, respectively. Despite the obvious similarities in both chemistry and crystallography, there are also clear differences between calcified vascular tissue and bone such as the highly oriented growth in bone, revealing meso-crystal character, as opposed to the anisotropic character of calcified vascular lesions. While the grain size in vascular calcified plaques is in the range of nanometers, the grain size in bone appears larger. Spherical calcific particles present in both the coronary artery wall and embedded in plaques reveal concentric layers with variations in both organic content and degree of hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Curtze
- Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marita Kratz
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps University, Marburg
| | - Marian Steinert
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps University, Marburg
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Heart Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Germany
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82
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Doris MK, Newby DE. Identification of early vascular calcification with (18)F-sodium fluoride: potential clinical application. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:691-701. [PMID: 26854119 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification plays a prominent role in cardiovascular disease. Once considered to be a passive consequence of aging, this pathological process is now accepted to be dynamic and tightly regulated, its onset triggered by inflammation and necrosis and its progression bearing key similarities to osteogenesis. A major potential advance in our ability to understand the natural history and clinical implications of vascular calcification is the detection of its early and dynamic stages through the use of the positron-emitting radiotracer, (18)F-sodium fluoride. Alongside anatomical information gained from computed tomography, hybrid positron emission and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with (18)F-sodium fluoride has, for the first time, enabled the non-invasive detection of microcalcification within the aortic valve, great vessels, and vulnerable coronary plaque. This has raised promise that exploring this process may allow improved risk prediction, better application of current therapies and ultimately the development of novel treatments to target this widespread pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi K Doris
- a Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , Scotland , UK
| | - David E Newby
- a Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , Scotland , UK
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83
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Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Pacilli A, Buzzi M, Pasquinelli G. The incidence and morphology of Monckeberg's medial calcification in banked vascular segments from a monocentric donor population. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:219-23. [PMID: 26757897 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the real incidence and the clinical relevance of the enigmatic Monckeberg's medial calcification in the patency of the femoral artery allograft. Here we present a retrospective study on 143 multiorgan donors (mean age 38 years, range 14-59 years), to describe the incidence and the morphological features of vascular calcifications in banked femoral arteries suitable for clinical use. In the present series, focal vascular calcifications were present in 36 (25 %) cases, 23 cases localized in the intima, 7 in the media, and 6 were mixed. No correlation was found between the incidence of calcifications and the classical cardiovascular clinical risk factors (n = 9); only hypertension correlated with the medial localization, but not with the incidence, of the calcification (P = 0.017). While the macroscopic exclusion criteria of vascular grafts include atheromatous and not-atheromatous lesions, we ignore the actual impact of Monckeberg's medial calcification on vessel transplantation and allograft life. In our opinion this is a very important topic, since when the histological criteria for Monckeberg's calcification diagnosis are used, 25 % of our young donors population was affected. Whether Monckeberg's medial calcification is a stable arterial condition, apparently underestimated in the general population, or a dynamic process evolving with age and atherosclerosis, or a banking-related vascular alteration, still remain an open issue deserving further studies with subjects of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pacilli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Buzzi
- Service of Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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84
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Longitudinal changes of the serum calcium levels and accelerated progression of arterial stiffness with age. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:486-92. [PMID: 26520904 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The progression of arterial stiffness is accelerated by aging, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. This prospective observational study was conducted to clarify whether longitudinal changes in the serum calcium/phosphate levels are associated with the accelerated progression of arterial stiffness with age. METHODS In a cohort of employees at a construction company (1507 middle-aged Japanese men), the serum calcium/phosphate levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured at the start and at the end of a 3-year study period. RESULTS A general linear model multivariate analysis revealed a significant interaction of the 2 factors {age and longitudinal changes of the serum calcium levels (delCa) during the follow-up period} on the longitudinal changes of the baPWV during the study period (delPWV). The delCa was significantly correlated with the delPWV even after adjustments for covariates in subjects aged ≥48 years. The delPWV in subjects aged ≥48 years with the delCa in the upper tertile (69 ± 137 cm/s) was significantly larger than that in the other groups even after adjustments for covariates (e.g., del PWV in subjects aged <48 years with the delCa in the lower tertile = 1 ± 94 cm/s) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The association between the arterial stiffness and serum calcium levels differed with age. Pathophysiological abnormalities related to increased serum calcium levels appeared to be associated with accelerated progression of arterial stiffness with age.
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85
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Boraldi F, Bartolomeo A, Di Bari C, Cocconi A, Quaglino D. Donor's age and replicative senescence favour the in-vitro mineralization potential of human fibroblasts. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:218-26. [PMID: 26494600 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant mineralization of soft connective tissues (ectopic calcification) may occur as a frequent age-related complication. Still, it remains unclear the role of mesenchymal cell donor's age and of replicative senescence on ectopic calcification. Therefore, the ability of cells to deposit in-vitro hydroxyapatite crystals and the expression of progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), tissue non specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and osteopontin (OPN) have been evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts derived from neonatal (nHDF) and adult (aHDF) donors (ex-vivo ageing model) or at low and high cumulative population doublings (CPD) up to replicative senescence (in-vitro ageing model). This study demonstrates that: 1) replicative senescence favours hydroxyapatite formation in cultured fibroblasts; 2) donor's age acts as a major modulator of the mineralizing potential of HDF, since nHDF are less prone than aHDF to induce calcification; 3) donor's age and replicative senescence play in concert synergistically increasing the calcification process; 4) the ANKH+ENPP1/TNAP ratio, being crucial for pyrophosphate/inorganic phosphate balance, is greatly influenced by donor's age, as well as by replicative senescence, and regulates mineral deposition; 5) OPN is only modulated by replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelica Bartolomeo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Bari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Perticone F, Perticone M, Maio R, Sciacqua A, Andreucci M, Tripepi G, Corrao S, Mallamaci F, Sesti G, Zoccali C. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Negatively Affects Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Naïve Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension 2015; 66:874-80. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perticone
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Maria Perticone
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Raffaele Maio
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Michele Andreucci
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Corrao
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- From the Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences (F.P., R.M., A.S., G.S.), Experimental and Clinical Medicine (M.P.), and Health Sciences (M.A.), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; CNR-IBIM, National Research Council-Institute of Biomedicine, Reggio Calabria, Italy (G.T., F.M., C.Z.); and Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (S.C.)
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87
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Analysis of the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Secreted by Adult Stem Cells during Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:412467. [PMID: 26300921 PMCID: PMC4537750 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells. The abundance of ASCs in adipose tissue and easy accessibility with relatively little donor site morbidity make them attractive candidate cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying inflammatory process that occurs during ASC differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblast has not been extensively investigated. ASCs cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation medium were characterized by oil red o staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. ASCs undergoing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were isolated on days 7, 14, and 21 and assessed by qRT-PCR for the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ASCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation expressed a distinct panel of cytokines that differed from the cytokine profile of ASCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation at each of the time points analyzed. Mapping the cytokine expression profile during ASC differentiation will provide insight into the role of inflammation in this process and identify potential targets that may aid in enhancing osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation for the purposes of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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88
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Georgianos PI, Sarafidis PA, Liakopoulos V. Arterial Stiffness: A Novel Risk Factor for Kidney Injury Progression? Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:958-65. [PMID: 25687879 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is typical feature of vascular remodeling in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increased arterial stiffness raises flow and pressure pulsatility and is considered the principle pathogenic mechanism of isolated systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and congestive heart failure. Apart from the impact of arterial stiffness on left ventricular afterload, downstream transmission of pressure pulsatility to the level of microcirculation is suggested to promote injury of other susceptible organs. This may be of particular importance for kidney injury progression, since passive renal perfusion along with low resistance and input impedance in renal microvessels make kidneys particularly vulnerable to the damaging effect of systemic pulsatile pressure. Recent studies have provided evidence that arterial stiffness culminates in elevated pulsatility and resistance in renal microvasculature, promoting structural damage of small intra-renal arterioles. Further, prospective observational studies have shown that reduced aortic compliance is closely associated with the annual rate of renal function decline and represents independent predictor of kidney injury progression to end-stage renal disease among patients with CKD. This article provides insights into the cross-talk between macrocirculation and renal microcirculation and summarizes the currently available clinical evidence linking increased arterial stiffness with kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis I Georgianos
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Pantelis A Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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89
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Yiu AJ, Callaghan D, Sultana R, Bandyopadhyay BC. Vascular Calcification and Stone Disease: A New Look towards the Mechanism. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:141-164. [PMID: 26185749 PMCID: PMC4501032 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals are formed in pathological calcification as well as during stone formation. Although there are several theories as to how these crystals can develop through the combined interactions of biochemical and biophysical factors, the exact mechanism of such mineralization is largely unknown. Based on the published scientific literature, we found that common factors can link the initial stages of stone formation and calcification in anatomically distal tissues and organs. For example, changes to the spatiotemporal conditions of the fluid flow in tubular structures may provide initial condition(s) for CaP crystal generation needed for stone formation. Additionally, recent evidence has provided a meaningful association between the active participation of proteins and transcription factors found in the bone forming (ossification) mechanism that are also involved in the early stages of kidney stone formation and arterial calcification. Our review will focus on three topics of discussion (physiological influences-calcium and phosphate concentration-and similarities to ossification, or bone formation) that may elucidate some commonality in the mechanisms of stone formation and calcification, and pave the way towards opening new avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J. Yiu
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Daniel Callaghan
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Razia Sultana
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Ross Hall 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-202-745-8622; Fax: +1-202-462-2006
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90
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Awan Z, Denis M, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, Marcinkiewicz J, Awan A, Gram H, Seidah NG, Genest J. Reducing Vascular Calcification by Anti-IL-1β Monoclonal Antibody in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Angiology 2015; 67:157-67. [PMID: 25904765 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715583205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the link between cholesterol and activation of inflammation via interleukin 1β (IL-1β), we tested the effects of IL-1β inhibition on atherosclerotic calcification in mice. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia develop extensive aortic calcification and calcific aortic stenosis. Although statins delay this process, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering alone is not enough to avert it. Data suggest that vascular inflammation initiated by hypercholesterolemia is followed by unchecked mineralization at sites of atherosclerotic plaques. The LDL-receptor (LDLR)-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) and LDLR-attenuated Pcsk9(Tg) mice are available animal models for pharmacological testing. METHODS A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against IL-1β or placebo was administered subcutaneously in Ldlr(-/-) and Pcsk9(Tg) models fed a Western diet. Drug level, anthropometric, lipid, and glucose profiles were determined. Expressions of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), serum amyloid A1, and cytokine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic calcification was determined by microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) and X-ray densitometry, and aortic flow velocity was assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS Circulating levels of IL-1β in Ldlr(-/-) mice were significantly greater (2-fold) than observed in Pcsk9(Tg) mice. Placebo- and mAb-treated mice did not differ in their growth, lipid, glucose profiles, and other cytokines. Calcifications were significantly diminished in mAb-treatment Ldlr(-/-) mice (a reduction of ∼ 75% by X-ray and ∼ 90% by micro-CT) and reduced insignificantly in mAb-treatment Pcsk9(Tg) mice, whereas aortic flow velocity was unchanged in both models. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate that aortic calcifications can be inhibited by an IL-1β mAb in LDLR-deficient mice. These results have a translational component to prevent vascular calcification in human and represent new evidence to rationalize targeting inflammation in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier Awan
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Denis
- The Department Cardiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Amani Awan
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- The Department Cardiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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91
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Osteopontin-induced brown adipogenesis from white preadipocytes through a PI3K-AKT dependent signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:553-9. [PMID: 25749339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that OPN (osteopontin) plays critical roles in cell survival, differentiation, bio-mineralization, cancer and cardiovascular remodeling. However, its roles in the differentiation of brown adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the roles of OPN in the brown adipogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. It was shown that the OPN successfully induced the differentiation of 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes into the PRDM16(+) (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) and UCP-1(+) (uncoupling protein-1) brown adipocytes in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Also, activation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-AKT pathway was required for the OPN-induced brown adipogenesis. The findings suggest OPN plays an important role in promoting the differentiation of the brown adipocytes and might provide a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related disorders.
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92
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Garbuzova VY, Stroy DA, Dosenko VE, Obukhova OA, Ataman OV. Association of allelic polymorphisms of the Matrix Gla-protein system genes with acute coronary syndrome in the Ukrainian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.0008cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. A. Stroy
- O. O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine
| | - V. E. Dosenko
- O. O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine
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93
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Jang MA, Kim EK, Now H, Nguyen NTH, Kim WJ, Yoo JY, Lee J, Jeong YM, Kim CH, Kim OH, Sohn S, Nam SH, Hong Y, Lee YS, Chang SA, Jang SY, Kim JW, Lee MS, Lim SY, Sung KS, Park KT, Kim BJ, Lee JH, Kim DK, Kee C, Ki CS. Mutations in DDX58, which encodes RIG-I, cause atypical Singleton-Merten syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:266-74. [PMID: 25620203 PMCID: PMC4320253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) is an autosomal-dominant multi-system disorder characterized by dental dysplasia, aortic calcification, skeletal abnormalities, glaucoma, psoriasis, and other conditions. Despite an apparent autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, the genetic background of SMS and information about its phenotypic heterogeneity remain unknown. Recently, we found a family affected by glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities. Unlike subjects with classic SMS, affected individuals showed normal dentition, suggesting atypical SMS. To identify genetic causes of the disease, we performed exome sequencing in this family and identified a variant (c.1118A>C [p.Glu373Ala]) of DDX58, whose protein product is also known as RIG-I. Further analysis of DDX58 in 100 individuals with congenital glaucoma identified another variant (c.803G>T [p.Cys268Phe]) in a family who harbored neither dental anomalies nor aortic calcification but who suffered from glaucoma and skeletal abnormalities. Cys268 and Glu373 residues of DDX58 belong to ATP-binding motifs I and II, respectively, and these residues are predicted to be located closer to the ADP and RNA molecules than other nonpathogenic missense variants by protein structure analysis. Functional assays revealed that DDX58 alterations confer constitutive activation and thus lead to increased interferon (IFN) activity and IFN-stimulated gene expression. In addition, when we transduced primary human trabecular meshwork cells with c.803G>T (p.Cys268Phe) and c.1118A>C (p.Glu373Ala) mutants, cytopathic effects and a significant decrease in cell number were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DDX58 mutations cause atypical SMS manifesting with variable expression of glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities without dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Jang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Hesung Now
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Nhung T H Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul 152-862, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sung-A Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Shin Yi Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - So Young Lim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Sung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Joo-Heung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Changwon Kee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
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Maranhão RC, Tavares ER. Advances in non-invasive drug delivery for atherosclerotic heart disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1135-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.999663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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95
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Biscetti F, Porreca CF, Bertucci F, Straface G, Santoliquido A, Tondi P, Angelini F, Pitocco D, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Landolfi R, Flex A. TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms increased risk of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and critical limb ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:1025-32. [PMID: 25323324 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secretory glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and plays a role in atherosclerosis. OPG has been hypothesized to modulate vascular functions; however, its role in mediating atherosclerosis is controversial. Epidemiological data in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicate that OPG serum levels are associated with several inflammatory markers, myocardial infarction events, and calcium scores, suggesting that OPG may be causative for CVD. METHODS The present study aimed to evaluate whether the OPG gene (TNFRSF11B) polymorphisms are involved in the development of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. This genetic association study included 402 diabetic patients (139 males and 263 females) with peripheral arterial occlusive disease and 567 diabetic subjects without peripheral arterial occlusive disease (208 males and 359 females). The T245G, T950C, and G1181C polymorphisms of the OPG gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We found that the T245G, T950C, and G1181C gene polymorphisms of the OPG gene were significantly (27.9 vs. 12.2 %, P < 0.01; 33.6 vs. 10.4 %, P < 0.01 and 24.4 vs. 12.7 %, P < 0.01, respectively) and independently (adjusted OR 4.97 (3.12-6.91), OR 7.02 (4.96-11.67), and OR 2.85 (1.95-4.02), respectively) associated with PAOD. We also found that these three polymorphisms act synergistically in patients with PAOD and are associated with different levels of risk for PAOD and CLI, depending on the number of high-risk genotypes carried concomitantly by a given individual. CONCLUSION The TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms under study are associated with PAOD, and synergistic effects between these genotypes might be potential markers for the presence and severity of atherosclerotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Lu Q, Xiang DX, Yuan HY, Xiao Y, Yuan LQ, Li HB. Puerarin attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:337-47. [PMID: 24707866 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrate that estradiol can prevent arterial calcification. However, little is known regarding the effect of puerarin, a phytoestrogen extracted from Radix Puerariae, on arterial calcification. The aim of the present study was to determine whether puerarin reduced osteoblastic differentiation of calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs). The CVSMCs were isolated from mice aorta and treated with different concentrations of puerarin. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin secretion and Runx2 expression were determined. To examine whether estrogen receptors (ERs) PI3K and Akt play a role in this effect, ICI182789, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, or the Akt inhibitor, 1L-6-hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol 2-(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecylcarbonate (HIMO) was used. Our results showed puerarin could inhibit ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion and Runx2 expression in CVSMCs. Puerarin could induce the activation of Akt. Furthermore, pretreatment of ICI182780, LY294002, HIMO could abolish the effect of puerarin on ALP activity in CVSMCs. Our experiment demonstrated that puerain could attenuate the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs through the ER/PI3K-Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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97
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98
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Calpain 1 inhibitor BDA-410 ameliorates α-klotho-deficiency phenotypes resembling human aging-related syndromes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5847. [PMID: 25080854 PMCID: PMC4118420 DOI: 10.1038/srep05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking good care of elderly is a major challenge of our society, and thus identification of potential drug targets to reduce age-associated disease burden is desirable. α-klotho-/- (α-kl) is a short-lived mouse model that displays multiple phenotypes resembling human aging-related syndromes. Such ageing phenotype of α-kl-/- mice is associated with activation of a proteolytic enzyme, Calpain-1. We hypothesized that uncontrolled activation of calpain-1 might be causing age-related phenotypes in α-kl-deficient mice. We found that daily administration of BDA-410, a calpain-1 inhibitor, strikingly ameliorated multiple aging-related phenotypes. Treated mice showed recovery of reproductive ability, increased body weight, reduced organ atrophy, and suppression of ectopic calcifications, bone mineral density reduction, pulmonary emphysema and senile atrophy of skin. We also observed ectopic expression of FGF23 in calcified arteries of α-kl-/- mice, which might account for the clinically observed association of increased FGF23 level with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. These findings allow us to propose that modulation of calpain-1 activity is a potential therapeutic option for delaying age-associated organ pathology, particularly caused by the dysregulation of mineral ion homeostasis.
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99
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Prüfer J, Schuchardt M, Tölle M, Prüfer N, Höhne M, Zidek W, van der Giet M. Harmful effects of the azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in vascular cells: induction of mineralization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101709. [PMID: 25029363 PMCID: PMC4100760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular mineralization contributes to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from chronic kidney disease and in individuals who have undergone solid organ transplantation. The immunosuppressive regimen used to treat these patients appears to have an impact on vascular alterations. The effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on vascular calcification has not yet been determined. This study investigates the effect of 6-MP on vascular mineralization by the induction of trans-differentiation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. 6-MP not only induces the expression of osteo-chondrocyte-like transcription factors and proteins but also activates alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and produces calcium deposition in in vitro and ex vivo models. These processes are dependent on 6-MP-induced production of reactive oxygen species, intracellular activation of mitogen-activated kinases and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Cbfa1. Furthermore, the metabolic products of 6-MP, 6-thioguanine nucleotides and 6-methyl-thio-inosine monophosphate have major impacts on cellular calcification. These data provide evidence for a possible harmful effect of the immunosuppressive drug 6-MP in vascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Prüfer
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Prüfer
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Universitaet Potsdam, Department of Nutrition Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Walter Zidek
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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100
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Sun Q, Jiménez MC, Townsend MK, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Albert CM, Rexrode KM. Plasma levels of fetuin-A and risk of coronary heart disease in US women: the Nurses' Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000939. [PMID: 24963103 PMCID: PMC4309097 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetuin-A may be involved in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) through opposing pathways (ie, promoting insulin resistance and inhibiting ectopic calcification). We aimed to explicitly examine whether systemic inflammation, a factor leading to elevated vascular calcification, may modify the association between fetuin-A and CHD risk. METHOD AND RESULTS During 16 years of follow-up (1990-2006), we prospectively identified and confirmed 466 incident fatal or nonfatal CHD case in the Nurses' Health Study. For each case, 1 healthy control was selected using risk-set sampling from 26 245 eligible participants. Cases and controls were matched for age, smoking status, fasting status, and date of blood draw. After multivariate adjustment for lifestyle factors, body mass index, diet, and blood lipids, fetuin-A levels were not associated with CHD risk in the whole population: odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) comparing extreme quintiles of fetuin-A was 0.79 (0.44 to 1.40). However, a significant inverse association was observed among participants with higher C-reactive protein levels (Pinteraction=0.04). The OR (95% CI) comparing highest versus lowest quintiles of fetuin-A was 0.50 (0.26 to 0.97; Ptrend=0.004) when C-reactive protein levels were above population median (0.20 mg/dL), whereas among the remainder of the participants, the corresponding OR (95% CI) was 1.09 (0.58 to 2.05; Ptrend=0.75). CONCLUSIONS In this population of US women, fetuin-A levels were associated with lower CHD risk when C-reactive protein levels were high, but null association was observed among participants with lower C-reactive protein levels. This divergent pattern of association needs replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Q.S., M.K.T., E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.S., E.B.R.)
| | - Monik C. Jiménez
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.C.J., J.A.E.M., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Mary K. Townsend
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Q.S., M.K.T., E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Q.S., M.K.T., E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.S., E.B.R.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Q.S., M.K.T., E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.C.J., J.A.E.M., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (E.B.R., J.A.E.M.)
| | - Christine M. Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.C.J., J.A.E.M., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Kathryn M. Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.C.J., J.A.E.M., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
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