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Xiang L, Crow TJ, Hopkins WD, Roberts N. Comparison of Surface Area and Cortical Thickness Asymmetry in the Human and Chimpanzee Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 34:bhaa202. [PMID: 33026423 PMCID: PMC10859246 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative study of the structural asymmetry of the human and chimpanzee brain may shed light on the evolution of language and other cognitive abilities in humans. Here we report the results of vertex-wise and ROI-based analyses that compared surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) asymmetries in 3D MR images obtained for 91 humans and 77 chimpanzees. The human brain is substantially more asymmetric than the chimpanzee brain. In particular, the human brain has 1) larger total SA in the right compared with the left cerebral hemisphere, 2) a global torque-like asymmetry pattern of widespread thicker cortex in the left compared with the right frontal and the right compared with the left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe, and 3) local asymmetries, most notably in medial occipital cortex and superior temporal gyrus, where rightward asymmetry is observed for both SA and CT. There is also 4) a prominent asymmetry specific to the chimpanzee brain, namely, rightward CT asymmetry of precentral cortex. These findings provide evidence of there being substantial differences in asymmetry between the human and chimpanzee brain. The unique asymmetries of the human brain are potential neural substrates for cognitive specializations, and the presence of significant CT asymmetry of precentral gyrus in the chimpanzee brain should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timothy J Crow
- POWIC, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - William D Hopkins
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Neil Roberts
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Li C, Zuo Z, Liu D, Jiang R, Li Y, Li H, Yin X, Lai Y, Wang J, Xiong K. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus May Exacerbate Gray Matter Atrophy in Patients With Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:856. [PMID: 32848591 PMCID: PMC7432296 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The precise physiopathological association between the courses of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study sought to comprehensively investigate the distribution characteristics of gray matter atrophy in middle-aged T2DM patients with newly diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Four groups, including 28 patients with early-onset MCI, 28 patients with T2DM, 28 T2DM patients with early-onset MCI (T2DM-MCI), and 28 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent three-dimensional high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes were calculated, and a structural covariance method was used to evaluate the morphological relationships within the default mode network (DMN). Results Overlapped and unique cortical/subcortical gray matter atrophy was found in patients with MCI, T2DM and T2DM-MCI in our study, and patients with T2DM-MCI showed lower volumes in several areas than patients with MCI or T2DM. Volume loss in subcortical areas (including the thalamus, putamen, and hippocampus), but not in cortical areas, was related to cognitive impairment in patients with MCI and T2DM-MCI. No associations between biochemical measurements and volumetric reductions were found. Furthermore, patients with MCI and those with T2DM-MCI showed disrupted structural connectivity within the DMN. Conclusion These findings provide further evidence that T2DM may exacerbate atrophy of specific gray matter regions, which may be primarily associated with MCI. Impairments in gray matter volume related to T2DM or MCI are independent of cardiovascular risk factors, and subcortical atrophy may play a more pivotal role in cognitive impairment than cortical alterations in patients with MCI and T2DM-MCI. The enhanced structural connectivity within the DMN in patients with T2DM-MCI may suggest a compensatory mechanism for the chronic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Daihong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunlin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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53
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Wagstyl K, Adler S, Pimpel B, Chari A, Seunarine K, Lorio S, Thornton R, Baldeweg T, Tisdall M. Planning stereoelectroencephalography using automated lesion detection: Retrospective feasibility study. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1406-1416. [PMID: 32533794 PMCID: PMC8432161 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective This retrospective, cross‐sectional study evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating deep‐learning on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into planning stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) implantation in pediatric patients with diagnostically complex drug‐resistant epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the degree of colocalization between automated lesion detection and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) as assessed by sEEG. Methods A neural network classifier was applied to cortical features from MRI data from three cohorts. (1) The network was trained and cross‐validated using 34 patients with visible focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). (2) Specificity was assessed in 20 pediatric healthy controls. (3) Feasibility of incorporation into sEEG implantation plans was evaluated in 34 sEEG patients. Coordinates of sEEG contacts were coregistered with classifier‐predicted lesions. sEEG contacts in seizure onset and irritative tissue were identified by clinical neurophysiologists. A distance of <10 mm between SOZ contacts and classifier‐predicted lesions was considered colocalization. Results In patients with radiologically defined lesions, classifier sensitivity was 74% (25/34 lesions detected). No clusters were detected in the controls (specificity = 100%). Of the total 34 sEEG patients, 21 patients had a focal cortical SOZ, of whom eight were histopathologically confirmed as having an FCD. The algorithm correctly detected seven of eight of these FCDs (86%). In patients with histopathologically heterogeneous focal cortical lesions, there was colocalization between classifier output and SOZ contacts in 62%. In three patients, the electroclinical profile was indicative of focal epilepsy, but no SOZ was localized on sEEG. In these patients, the classifier identified additional abnormalities that had not been implanted. Significance There was a high degree of colocalization between automated lesion detection and sEEG. We have created a framework for incorporation of deep‐learning–based MRI lesion detection into sEEG implantation planning. Our findings support the prospective evaluation of automated MRI analysis to plan optimal electrode trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Wagstyl
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Adler
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Birgit Pimpel
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aswin Chari
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kiran Seunarine
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Lorio
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Thornton
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Tisdall
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Villar-Rodríguez E, Palomar-García MÁ, Hernández M, Adrián-Ventura J, Olcina-Sempere G, Parcet MA, Ávila C. Left-handed musicians show a higher probability of atypical cerebral dominance for language. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2048-2058. [PMID: 32034834 PMCID: PMC7268010 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Music processing and right hemispheric language lateralization share a common network in the right auditory cortex and its frontal connections. Given that the development of hemispheric language dominance takes place over several years, this study tested whether musicianship could increase the probability of observing right language dominance in left-handers. Using a classic fMRI language paradigm, results showed that atypical lateralization was more predominant in musicians (40%) than in nonmusicians (5%). Comparison of left-handers with typical left and atypical right lateralization revealed that: (a) atypical cases presented a thicker right pars triangularis and more gyrified left Heschl's gyrus; and (b) the right pars triangularis of atypical cases showed a stronger intra-hemispheric functional connectivity with the right angular gyrus, but a weaker interhemispheric functional connectivity with part of the left Broca's area. Thus, musicianship is the first known factor related to a higher prevalence of atypical language dominance in healthy left-handed individuals. We suggest that differences in the frontal and temporal cortex might act as shared predisposing factors to both musicianship and atypical language lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Villar-Rodríguez
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Palomar-García
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mireia Hernández
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Adrián-Ventura
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gustau Olcina-Sempere
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - María-Antònia Parcet
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - César Ávila
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Jaume I University, Edificio de Investigación II, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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55
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Le Guen Y, Leroy F, Philippe C, Mangin JF, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Frouin V. Enhancer Locus in ch14q23.1 Modulates Brain Asymmetric Temporal Regions Involved in Language Processing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5322-5332. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Identifying the genes that contribute to the variability in brain regions involved in language processing may shed light on the evolution of brain structures essential to the emergence of language in Homo sapiens. The superior temporal asymmetrical pit (STAP), which is not observed in chimpanzees, represents an ideal phenotype to investigate the genetic variations that support human communication. The left STAP depth was significantly associated with a predicted enhancer annotation located in the 14q23.1 locus, between DACT1 and KIAA0586, in the UK Biobank British discovery sample (N = 16 515). This association was replicated in the IMAGEN cohort (N = 1726) and the UK Biobank non-British validation sample (N = 2161). This genomic region was also associated to a lesser extent with the right STAP depth and the formation of sulcal interruptions, “plis de passage,” in the bilateral STAP but not with other structural brain MRI phenotypes, highlighting its notable association with the superior temporal regions. Diffusion MRI emphasized an association with the fractional anisotropy of the left auditory fibers of the corpus callosum and with networks involved in linguistic processing in resting-state functional MRI. Overall, this evidence demonstrates a specific relationship between this locus and the establishment of the superior temporal regions that support human communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - François Leroy
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, INSERM, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Cathy Philippe
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, INSERM, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Vincent Frouin
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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56
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Wang D, Han L, Xi C, Xu Y, Lai J, Lu S, Huang M, Hu J, Wei N, Xu W, Zhou W, Lu Q, He H, Hu S. Interactive effects of gender and sexual orientation on cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume: a structural brain MRI study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:835-846. [PMID: 32355647 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2020.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Testosterone is thought to play a crucial role in sexual differentiation of the brain, and sexual orientation is programmed into our brain structures even when we are still fetuses. Although gender and sexual orientation differences have been shown respectively in many brain structures, the mechanism underlying the sexual differentiation of the brain is still unknown. The study is to investigate the interactive effects of gender and sexual orientation on cerebral structures in homosexual and heterosexual people. Methods Sexual orientation was evaluated by the Kinsey scale. We collected structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) data of local cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume in all the subjects (29 homosexual and 29 heterosexual men, 17 homosexual and 17 heterosexual women). Statistical maps were generated using a general linear model (GLM) using FreeSurfer's Query, Design, Estimate, Contrast (QDEC) interface. We had sexual orientation and gender as 2 discrete factors with 2 levels, allowing for the generation of the interaction between sexual orientation and gender: homosexual women and heterosexual men versus heterosexual women and homosexual men. Coordinates were in Talairach space. All the cluster sizes were calculated with a P value of 0.01. Results Results revealed interactions concerning the area and gray matter volume between the factors of sexual orientation and gender. Regarding the thickness, an interaction was not found in any regions of the clusters. Regarding the area, an interaction was found in region of left middle temporal lobe, inferior temporal lobe, lateral occipital lobe, fusiform [(-58.1, -38.6, -14.7), maximum vertex-wise (MV) log10(P) =3.30, cluster size (CS) =1,286.90 mm2], and left rostral middle frontal lobe, pars opercularis, caudal middle frontal lobe [(-37.3, 23.6, 24.8), MV log10(P) =2.92, CS =1,194.40 mm2]. Regarding the gray matter volume, an interaction was found in the region of the left pars opercularis (inferior frontal gyrus) [(-42.9, 6.3, 18.5), MV log10(P) =1.31, CS =526.79 mm2]. Conclusions The present study extends our understandings of how structural features differ in homosexual men, heterosexual men, homosexual women, and heterosexual women. Furthermore, it highlights the interactions between sexual orientation and gender in the left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral temporal lobe, and the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, which are suggested to play a critical role in the sexual differentiation of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lu Han
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Caixi Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianbo Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Lorio S, Adler S, Gunny R, D'Arco F, Kaden E, Wagstyl K, Jacques TS, Clark CA, Cross JH, Baldeweg T, Carmichael DW. MRI profiling of focal cortical dysplasia using multi-compartment diffusion models. Epilepsia 2020; 61:433-444. [PMID: 32065673 PMCID: PMC7154549 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesion detection and subtyping remain challenging on conventional MRI. New diffusion models such as the spherical mean technique (SMT) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) provide measurements that potentially produce more specific maps of abnormal tissue microstructure. This study aims to assess the SMT and NODDI maps for computational and radiological lesion characterization compared to standard fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Methods SMT, NODDI, FA, and MD maps were calculated for 33 pediatric patients with suspected FCD (18 histologically confirmed). Two neuroradiologists scored lesion visibility on clinical images and diffusion maps. Signal profile changes within lesions and homologous regions were quantified using a surface‐based approach. Diffusion parameter changes at multiple cortical depths were statistically compared between FCD type IIa and type IIb. Results Compared to fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) or T1‐weighted imaging, lesions conspicuity on NODDI intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) maps was better/equal/worse in 5/14/14 patients, respectively, while on SMT intra‐neurite volume fraction (INVF) in 3/3/27. Compared to FA or MD, lesion conspicuity on the ICVF was better/equal/worse in 27/4/2, while on the INVF in 20/7/6. Quantitative signal profiling demonstrated significant ICVF and INVF reductions in the lesions, whereas SMT microscopic mean, radial, and axial diffusivities were significantly increased. FCD type IIb exhibited greater changes than FCD type IIa. No changes were detected on FA or MD profiles. Significance FCD lesion‐specific signal changes were found in ICVF and INVF but not in FA and MD maps. ICVF and INVF showed greater contrast than FLAIR in some cases and had consistent signal changes specific to FCD, suggesting that they could improve current presurgical pediatric epilepsy imaging protocols and can provide features useful for automated lesion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lorio
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Adler
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Enrico Kaden
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- Brain Mapping Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris A Clark
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Judith Helen Cross
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David W Carmichael
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Carrion-Castillo A, Pepe A, Kong XZ, Fisher SE, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Crivello F, Francks C. Genetic effects on planum temporale asymmetry and their limited relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders, intelligence or educational attainment. Cortex 2019; 124:137-153. [PMID: 31887566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that altered asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including dyslexia, schizophrenia, and autism. Shared genetic factors have been suggested to link PT asymmetry to these disorders. In a dataset of unrelated subjects from the general population (UK Biobank, N = 18,057), we found that PT volume asymmetry had a significant heritability of roughly 14%. In genome-wide association analysis, two loci were significantly associated with PT asymmetry, including a coding polymorphism within the gene ITIH5 that is predicted to affect the protein's function and to be deleterious (rs41298373, p = 2.01 × 10-15), and a locus that affects the expression of the genes BOK and DTYMK (rs7420166, p = 7.54 × 10-10). DTYMK showed left-right asymmetry of mRNA expression in post mortem PT tissue. Cortex-wide mapping of these SNP effects revealed influences on asymmetry that went somewhat beyond the PT. Using publicly available genome-wide association statistics from large-scale studies, we saw no significant genetic correlations of PT asymmetry with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, educational attainment or intelligence. Of the top two individual loci associated with PT asymmetry, rs41298373 showed a tentative association with intelligence (unadjusted p = .025), while the locus at BOK/DTYMK showed tentative association with educational attainment (unadjusted Ps < .05). These findings provide novel insights into the genetic contributions to human brain asymmetry, but do not support a substantial polygenic association of PT asymmetry with cognitive variation and mental disorders, as far as can be discerned with current sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Carrion-Castillo
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Jung S, Lee A, Bang M, Lee SH. Gray matter abnormalities in language processing areas and their associations with verbal ability and positive symptoms in first-episode patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102022. [PMID: 31670071 PMCID: PMC6831896 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired verbal communication is a prominent feature in patients with schizophrenia. Verbal communication difficulties adversely affect psychosocial outcomes and worsen schizophrenia's clinical manifestation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate associations among gray matter (GM) volumes in language processing areas (LPAs), verbal ability, and positive symptoms in first-episode patients (FEPs) with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. METHODS We enrolled 94 FEPs and 52 healthy controls (HCs) and subjected them to structural magnetic resonance imaging. The GM volumes of the bilateral pars opercularis (POp), pars triangularis (PTr), planum temporale (PT), Heschl's gyrus (HG), insula, and fusiform gyrus (FG), were estimated and compared between the FEPs and HCs. Verbal intelligence levels and positive symptom severity were examined for correlations with the left LPA volumes. RESULTS The GM volumes of the left POp, HG, and FG were significantly smaller in the FEPs than in the HCs, while the right regions showed no significant between-group difference. A multiple linear regression model revealed that larger left PT volume was associated with better verbal intelligence in FEPs. In exploratory correlation analysis, several LPAs showed significant correlations with the severity of positive symptoms in FEPs. The left FG volume had a strong inverse correlation with the severity of auditory verbal hallucinations, while the left PT volume was inversely associated with the severity of positive formal thought disorder and delusions. Moreover, the volume of the left insula was positively associated with the severity of bizarre behavior. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that GM abnormalities in the LPAs, which can be detected during the early stage of illness, may underlie impaired verbal communication and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sra Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Arira Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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60
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Stolk A, Brinkman L, Vansteensel MJ, Aarnoutse E, Leijten FSS, Dijkerman CH, Knight RT, de Lange FP, Toni I. Electrocorticographic dissociation of alpha and beta rhythmic activity in the human sensorimotor system. eLife 2019; 8:e48065. [PMID: 31596233 PMCID: PMC6785220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses electrocorticography in humans to assess how alpha- and beta-band rhythms modulate excitability of the sensorimotor cortex during psychophysically-controlled movement imagery. Both rhythms displayed effector-specific modulations, tracked spectral markers of action potentials in the local neuronal population, and showed spatially systematic phase relationships (traveling waves). Yet, alpha- and beta-band rhythms differed in their anatomical and functional properties, were weakly correlated, and traveled along opposite directions across the sensorimotor cortex. Increased alpha-band power in the somatosensory cortex ipsilateral to the selected arm was associated with spatially-unspecific inhibition. Decreased beta-band power over contralateral motor cortex was associated with a focal shift from relative inhibition to excitation. These observations indicate the relevance of both inhibition and disinhibition mechanisms for precise spatiotemporal coordination of movement-related neuronal populations, and illustrate how those mechanisms are implemented through the substantially different neurophysiological properties of sensorimotor alpha- and beta-band rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Stolk
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Loek Brinkman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUMC UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUMC UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Erik Aarnoutse
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUMC UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Frans SS Leijten
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUMC UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Chris H Dijkerman
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental PsychologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Floris P de Lange
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Ivan Toni
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
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61
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Vingerhoets G. Phenotypes in hemispheric functional segregation? Perspectives and challenges. Phys Life Rev 2019; 30:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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62
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Qi T, Schaadt G, Friederici AD. Cortical thickness lateralization and its relation to language abilities in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100704. [PMID: 31476670 PMCID: PMC6892251 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The humans' brain asymmetry is observed in the early stages of life and known to change further with age. The developmental trajectory of such an asymmetry has been observed for language, as one of the most lateralized cognitive functions. However, it remains unclear how these age-related changes in structural asymmetry are related to changes in language performance. We collected longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging data of children from 5 to 6 years to investigate structural asymmetry development and its linkage to the improvement of language comprehension abilities. Our results showed substantial changes of language performance across time, which were associated with changes of cortical thickness asymmetry in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), constituting a portion of Broca's area. This suggests that language improvement is influenced by larger cortical thinning in the left triangular IFG compared to the right. This asymmetry in children's brain at age 5 and 6 years was further associated with the language performance at 7 years. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate that children's improvement in sentence comprehension seems to depend on structural asymmetry changes in the IFG, further highlighting its crucial role in language acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qi
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gesa Schaadt
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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63
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Le Guen Y, Auzias G, Leroy F, Noulhiane M, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Duchesnay E, Mangin JF, Coulon O, Frouin V. Genetic Influence on the Sulcal Pits: On the Origin of the First Cortical Folds. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1922-1933. [PMID: 28444225 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of genes on cortical structures has been assessed through various phenotypes. The sulcal pits, which are the putative first cortical folds, have for long been assumed to be under tight genetic control, but this was never quantified. We estimated the pit depth heritability in various brain regions using the high quality and large sample size of the Human Connectome Project pedigree cohort. Analysis of additive genetic variance indicated that their heritability ranges between 0.2 and 0.5 and displays a regional genetic control with an overall symmetric pattern between hemispheres. However, a noticeable asymmetry of heritability estimates is observed in the superior temporal sulcus and could thus be related to language lateralization. The heritability range estimated in this study reinforces the idea that cortical shape is determined primarily by nongenetic factors, which is consistent with the important increase of cortical folding from birth to adult life and thus predominantly constrained by environmental factors. Nevertheless, the genetic cues, implicated with various local levels of heritability in the formation of sulcal pits, play a fundamental role in the normal gyral pattern development. Quantifying their influence and identifying the underlying genetic variants would provide insight into neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13000, France.,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes, UMR 7296, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13000, France
| | - François Leroy
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, INSERM, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- UNIACT, U1129, INSERM, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, INSERM, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edouard Duchesnay
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Coulon
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13000, France.,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes, UMR 7296, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13000, France
| | - Vincent Frouin
- UNATI, Neurospin, Institut Joliot, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Tomyshev AS, Lebedeva IS, Akhadov TA, Omelchenko MA, Rumyantsev AO, Kaleda VG. Alterations in white matter microstructure and cortical thickness in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A multimodal tractography and surface-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:26-36. [PMID: 31132567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of white matter (WM) and grey matter pathology in subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), although a limited number of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) studies have revealed anatomically inconsistent results. The present multimodal study applies tractography and SBM to analyze WM microstructure, whole-brain cortical anatomy, and potential interconnections between WM and grey matter abnormalities in UHR subjects. Thirty young male UHR patients and 30 healthy controls underwent DW-MRI and T1-weighted MRI. Fractional anisotropy; mean, radial, and axial diffusivity in 18 WM tracts; and vertex-based cortical thickness, area, and volume were analyzed. We found increased radial diffusivity in the left anterior thalamic radiation and reduced bilateral thickness across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. No correlations between WM and grey matter abnormalities were identified. These results provide further evidence that WM microstructure abnormalities and cortical anatomical changes occur in the UHR state. Disruption of structural connectivity in the prefrontal-subcortical circuitry, likely caused by myelin pathology, and cortical thickness reduction affecting the networks presumably involved in processing and coordination of external and internal information streams may underlie the widespread deficits in neurocognitive and social functioning that are consistently reported in UHR subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina S Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tolibdzhon A Akhadov
- Department of Radiology, Children's Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Omelchenko
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey O Rumyantsev
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy G Kaleda
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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65
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Yokoi A, Diedrichsen J. Neural Organization of Hierarchical Motor Sequence Representations in the Human Neocortex. Neuron 2019; 103:1178-1190.e7. [PMID: 31345643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that the brain represents movement sequences hierarchically, the neural implementation of this organization is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we experimentally manipulated how participants represented sequences of finger presses at the levels of individual movements, chunks, and entire sequences. Using representational fMRI analyses, we then examined how this hierarchical structure was reflected in the fine-grained brain activity patterns of the participants while they performed the 8 trained sequences. We found clear evidence of each level of the movement hierarchy at the representational level. However, anatomically, chunk and sequence representations substantially overlapped in the premotor and parietal cortices, whereas individual movements were uniquely represented in the primary motor cortex. The findings challenge the common hypothesis of an orderly anatomical separation of different levels of an action hierarchy and argue for a special status of the distinction between individual movements and sequential context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yokoi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK
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66
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Huang T, Chen X, Jiang J, Zhen Z, Liu J. A probabilistic atlas of the human motion complex built from large-scale functional localizer data. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3475-3487. [PMID: 31081195 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate motion perception is critical to dealing with the changing dynamics of our visual world. A cluster known as the human MT+ complex (hMT+) has been identified as a core region involved in motion perception. Several atlases defined based on cytoarchitecture, retinotopy, connectivity, and multimodal features include homologs of the hMT+. However, an hMT+ atlas defined directly based on this region's response for motion is still lacking. Here, we identified the hMT+ based on motion responses from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) localizer data in 509 participants and then built a probabilistic atlas of the hMT+. As a result, four main findings were revealed. First, the hMT+ showed large interindividual variability across participants. Second, the atlases stabilized when the number of participants used to build the atlas was more than 100. Third, the functional hMT+ showed good agreement with the hMT+ atlases built based on cytoarchitecture, retinotopy, and connectivity, suggesting a good structural-functional correspondence. Fourth, tests on multiple fMRI data sets acquired from independent participants, imaging parameters and paradigms revealed that the functional hMT+ showed higher sensitivity than all other atlases in ROI analysis except that connectivity and multimodal hMT+ atlases in the left hemisphere could infrequently attain comparable sensitivity to the functional atlas. Taken together, our findings reveal the benefit of using large-scale functional localizer data to build a reliable and representative hMT+ atlas. Our atlas is freely available for download; it can be used to localize the hMT+ in individual participants when functional localizer data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiayu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zonglei Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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67
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Lateralisation of the white matter microstructure associated with the hemispheric spatial attention dominance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216032. [PMID: 31026280 PMCID: PMC6485922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Healthy people have a slight leftward bias of spatial attention as measured on the Landmark task. Former studies indicated that lateralisation of brain activation contributes to this attentional bias. In this study we hypothesised that if the spatial bias was consistent over several measurements there would be structural background of it. Methods Reproducibility of the spatial bias of visuo-spatial attention was measured in twenty healthy subject in a Landmark task over three consecutive days. In order to evaluate the correlation between the spatial attentional bias and the white matter microstructure high angular resolution diffusion MRI was acquired for each subjects. The Track Based Spatial Statistics method was used to measure the hemispheric differences of the white matter microstructure. Probabilistic tractography was used to reveal the connection of the identified regions. Results The analysis showed correlation between the behavioural scores and the lateralisation of the white matter microstructure in the parietal white matter (p<0.05, corrected for multiple correlations). Higher FA values on the left are associated to rightward bias. The parietal cluster showed connectivity along the superior longitudinal fascicle on one end to posterior parietal cortex and anteriorly to the putative frontal eye field. From the frontal eye field some of the fibres run towards the nodes of the dorsal attention network to the intraparietal suclus, while some of the fibres travelled toward to ventral attention network to the temporo-parietal junction. Conclusions These results indicate that the structural integrity dorsal fronto-parietal network and the connection between the dorsal and ventral attention networks are responsible for the attentional bias in normal healthy controls.
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68
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Schmitz J, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Friedrich P, Jung RE, Güntürkün O, Genç E, Ocklenburg S. Hemispheric asymmetries in cortical gray matter microstructure identified by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Neuroimage 2019; 189:667-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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69
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Keller M, Neuschwander P, Meyer M. When right becomes less right: Neural dedifferentiation during suprasegmental speech processing in the aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 189:886-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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70
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Van Meel C, Baeck A, Gillebert CR, Wagemans J, Op de Beeck HP. The representation of symmetry in multi-voxel response patterns and functional connectivity throughout the ventral visual stream. Neuroimage 2019; 191:216-224. [PMID: 30771448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several computational models explain how symmetry might be detected and represented in the human brain. However, while there is an abundance of psychophysical studies on symmetry detection and several neural studies showing where and when symmetry is detected in the brain, important questions remain about how this detection happens and how symmetric patterns are represented. We studied the representation of (vertical) symmetry in regions of the ventral visual stream, using multi-voxel pattern analyses (MVPA) and functional connectivity analyses. Our results suggest that neural representations gradually change throughout the ventral visual stream, from very similar part-based representations for symmetrical and asymmetrical stimuli in V1 and V2, over increasingly different representations for symmetrical and asymmetrical stimuli which are nevertheless still part-based in both V3 and V4, to a more holistic representation for symmetrical compared to asymmetrical stimuli in high-level LOC. This change in representations is accompanied by increased communication between left and right retinotopic areas, evidenced by higher interhemispheric functional connectivity during symmetry perception in areas V2 and V4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline R Gillebert
- Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans P Op de Beeck
- Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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71
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Mo JJ, Zhang JG, Li WL, Chen C, Zhou NJ, Hu WH, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu C, Zhao BT, Zhou JJ, Zhang K. Clinical Value of Machine Learning in the Automated Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Using Quantitative Multimodal Surface-Based Features. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1008. [PMID: 30686974 PMCID: PMC6336916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To automatically detect focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesion by combining quantitative multimodal surface-based features with machine learning and to assess its clinical value. Methods: Neuroimaging data and clinical information for 74 participants (40 with histologically proven FCD type II) was retrospectively included. The morphology, intensity and function-based features characterizing FCD lesions were calculated vertex-wise on each cortical surface and fed to an artificial neural network. The classifier performance was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed by performing statistical analysis and conventional visual analysis. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the neural network classifier based on multimodal surface-based features were 70.5%, 70.0%, and 69.9%, respectively, which outperformed the unimodal classifier. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of FCD subtypes (Pearson’s Chi-Square = 0.001, p = 0.970). Cohen’s kappa score between automated detection outcomes and post-surgical resection region was 0.385 (considered as fair). Conclusion: Automated machine learning with multimodal surface features can provide objective and intelligent detection of FCD lesion in pre-surgical evaluation and can assist the surgical strategy. Furthermore, the optimal parameters, appropriate surface features and efficient algorithm are worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Mo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ling Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Complex System Control Theory and Application, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Na-Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Han Hu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Tian Zhao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jian Zhou
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Komáromy H, He M, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Nagy SA, Bosnyák E, Kamson Olayinka D, John F, Trauninger A, Pfund Z. Influence of hemispheric white matter lesions and migraine characteristics on cortical thickness and volume. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:4. [PMID: 30630410 PMCID: PMC6734368 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-0959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Migraine-related intracerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are likely to be microvascular in nature and can be found in all hemispheric lobes. The aim of this study was to investigate migraine patients with or without WMLs to see the effects of these tissue damages on cortical thickness and volume. The role of migraine characteristics (duration of headache, attack frequency, estimated lifetime attack number, aura) was also tested. Methods As study participants, 161 female migraine patients (63 with aura; 52 with WMLs) and 40 age-matched healthy female subjects were enrolled in the study. None of the included migraine patients’ headache or aura (where present) was unilaterally side-locked. Patients and controls were all right handed. Except for migraine, patients were free of any medical comorbidity. Cortical reconstruction and segmentation were performed on the 3D T1-weighted images using Freesurfer 5.3 image analysis suite. The automatic cortical parcellation was based on Freesurfer’s Desikan–Killiany–Tourville atlas, which has 31 cortical regions per hemisphere. The segmented regions were divided into five lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula). Since the left and right differences in lobar and insular volumes/thicknesses were not different among our groups, volume and cortical thickness were calculated for corresponding bilateral lobes. Results There was no significant difference in age between the whole migraine and the control groups. Migraineurs with WMLs (L+ patients) were significantly older than lesion-free (L-) patients (P = 0.0003) and controls (P = 0.018). Disease duration (P = 0.003), the total number of migraine attacks (P = 0.022) and the rate of aura (P = 0.0003) were significantly higher in L+ patients than in L- patients. Cortical thickness and volume measurements of lobes were not statistically different between the three groups (L+, L-, control). Age showed a significant negative association with both thickness and volume in each examined lobe (P < 0.001). Intracranial volume (ICV) showed a significant positive association with all regional volumes (P < 0.001). There were no significant group*age, group*ICV, or age*ICV interactions. None of the migraine characteristics were selected by stepwise linear regression as significant predictors of cortical thickness or volume. Only age (for both thickness and volume) and ICV (for volume) were identified as significant predictors (P < 0.001). When the L + group was divided into two subgroups by median split of total and lobar lesion number and volume, the cortical measures did not show any significant difference between the groups with low vs. high lesion number/volume by stepwise linear regression. Conclusions In a female migraine group, we found that the WMLs and clinical migraine characteristics have no effect on cortical thickness and volume of bilateral lobes. Lobar cortical thicknesses were equivalent within the range of ±0.1 mm. Only age and ICV proved to be significant predictors; the former for both cortical thickness and volume, while the latter for cortical volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingchen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Perlaki
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Anett Nagy
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Flóra John
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Trauninger
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pfund
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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73
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Wang S, Van der Haegen L, Tao L, Cai Q. Brain Functional Organization Associated With Language Lateralization. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:4312-4320. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although it is well-established that human language functions are mostly lateralized to the left hemisphere of the brain, little is known about the functional mechanisms underlying such hemispheric dominance. The present study investigated intrinsic organization of the whole brain at rest, by means of functional connectivity and graph theoretical analysis, with the aim to characterize brain functional organization underlying typical and atypical language dominance. We included healthy left-handers, both those with typical left-lateralized language and those with atypical right-lateralized language. Results show that 1) differences between typical and atypical language lateralization are associated with functional connectivity within the language system, particularly with weakened connectivity between left inferior frontal gyrus and several other language-related areas; and 2) for participants with atypical language dominance, the degree of lateralization is linked with multiple functional connectivities and graph theoretical metrics of whole brain organization, including local efficiency and small-worldness. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that linked the degree of language lateralization to global topology of brain networks. These results reveal that typical and atypical language dominance mainly differ in functional connectivity within the language system, and that atypical language dominance is associated with whole-brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lily Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, USA
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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74
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Abstract
Human visual cortex is organized into multiple retinotopic maps. Characterizing the arrangement of these maps on the cortical surface is essential to many visual neuroscience studies. Typically, maps are obtained by voxel-wise analysis of fMRI data. This method, while useful, maps only a portion of the visual field and is limited by measurement noise and subjective assessment of boundaries. We developed a novel Bayesian mapping approach which combines observation–a subject’s retinotopic measurements from small amounts of fMRI time–with a prior–a learned retinotopic atlas. This process automatically draws areal boundaries, corrects discontinuities in the measured maps, and predicts validation data more accurately than an atlas alone or independent datasets alone. This new method can be used to improve the accuracy of retinotopic mapping, to analyze large fMRI datasets automatically, and to quantify differences in map properties as a function of health, development and natural variation between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Benson
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Jonathan Winawer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Neural Sciences, New York University, New York, United States
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75
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Brodbeck C, Hong LE, Simon JZ. Rapid Transformation from Auditory to Linguistic Representations of Continuous Speech. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3976-3983.e5. [PMID: 30503620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During speech perception, a central task of the auditory cortex is to analyze complex acoustic patterns to allow detection of the words that encode a linguistic message [1]. It is generally thought that this process includes at least one intermediate, phonetic, level of representations [2-6], localized bilaterally in the superior temporal lobe [7-9]. Phonetic representations reflect a transition from acoustic to linguistic information, classifying acoustic patterns into linguistically meaningful units, which can serve as input to mechanisms that access abstract word representations [10, 11]. While recent research has identified neural signals arising from successful recognition of individual words in continuous speech [12-15], no explicit neurophysiological signal has been found demonstrating the transition from acoustic and/or phonetic to symbolic, lexical representations. Here, we report a response reflecting the incremental integration of phonetic information for word identification, dominantly localized to the left temporal lobe. The short response latency, approximately 114 ms relative to phoneme onset, suggests that phonetic information is used for lexical processing as soon as it becomes available. Responses also tracked word boundaries, confirming previous reports of immediate lexical segmentation [16, 17]. These new results were further investigated using a cocktail-party paradigm [18, 19] in which participants listened to a mix of two talkers, attending to one and ignoring the other. Analysis indicates neural lexical processing of only the attended, but not the unattended, speech stream. Thus, while responses to acoustic features reflect attention through selective amplification of attended speech, responses consistent with a lexical processing model reveal categorically selective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brodbeck
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Simon
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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76
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Binda P, Kurzawski JW, Lunghi C, Biagi L, Tosetti M, Morrone MC. Response to short-term deprivation of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD. eLife 2018; 7:40014. [PMID: 30475210 PMCID: PMC6298775 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory deprivation during the post-natal ‘critical period’ leads to structural reorganization of the developing visual cortex. In adulthood, the visual cortex retains some flexibility and adapts to sensory deprivation. Here we show that short-term (2 hr) monocular deprivation in adult humans boosts the BOLD response to the deprived eye, changing ocular dominance of V1 vertices, consistent with homeostatic plasticity. The boost is strongest in V1, present in V2, V3 and V4 but absent in V3a and hMT+. Assessment of spatial frequency tuning in V1 by a population Receptive-Field technique shows that deprivation primarily boosts high spatial frequencies, consistent with a primary involvement of the parvocellular pathway. Crucially, the V1 deprivation effect correlates across participants with the perceptual increase of the deprived eye dominance assessed with binocular rivalry, suggesting a common origin. Our results demonstrate that visual cortex, particularly the ventral pathway, retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult. The world around us changes all the time, and the brain must adapt to these changes. This process, known as neuroplasticity, peaks during development. Abnormal sensory input early in life can therefore cause lasting changes to the structure of the brain. One example of this is amblyopia or ‘lazy eye’. Infants who receive insufficient input to one eye – for example, because of cataracts – can lose their sight in that eye, even if the cataracts are later removed. This is because the brain reorganizes itself to ignore messages from the affected eye. Does the adult visual system also show neuroplasticity? To explore this question, Binda, Kurzawski et al. asked healthy adult volunteers to lie inside a high-resolution brain scanner with a patch covering one eye. At the start of the experiment, roughly half of the brain’s primary visual cortex responded to sensory input from each eye. But when the volunteers removed the patch two hours later, this was no longer the case. Some areas of the visual cortex that had previously responded to stimuli presented to the non-patched eye now responded to stimuli presented to the patched eye instead. The patched eye had also become more sensitive to visual stimuli. Indeed, these changes in visual sensitivity correlated with changes in brain activity in a pathway called the ventral visual stream. This pathway processes the fine details of images. Groups of neurons within this pathway that responded to stimuli presented to the patched eye were more sensitive to fine details after patching than before. Visual regions of the adult brain thus retain a high degree of neuroplasticity. They adapt rapidly to changes in the environment, in this case by increasing their activity to compensate for a lack of input. Notably, these changes are in the opposite direction to those that occur as a result of visual deprivation during development. This has important implications because lazy eye syndrome is currently considered untreatable in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan W Kurzawski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Lunghi
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
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Scheppele M, Evans JL, Brown TT. Patterns of structural lateralization in cortical language areas of older adolescents. Laterality 2018; 24:450-481. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1543312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Scheppele
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Julia L. Evans
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Timothy T. Brown
- Department of Neurosciences and Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Bartha‐Doering L, Kollndorfer K, Kasprian G, Novak A, Schuler A, Fischmeister FPS, Alexopoulos J, Gaillard WD, Prayer D, Seidl R, Berl MM. Weaker semantic language lateralization associated with better semantic language performance in healthy right-handed children. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01072. [PMID: 30298640 PMCID: PMC6236252 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between language abilities and language lateralization in the developing brain is important for our understanding of the neural architecture of language development. METHODS We investigated 35 right-handed children and adolescents aged 7-16 years with a functional magnetic resonance imaging language paradigm and a comprehensive language and verbal memory examination. RESULTS We found that less lateralized language was significantly correlated with better language performance across areas of the brain and across different language tasks. Less lateralized language in the overall brain was associated with better in-scanner task accuracy on a semantic language decision task and out-of-scanner vocabulary and verbal fluency. Specifically, less lateralized frontal lobe language dominance was associated with better in-scanner task accuracy and out-of-scanner verbal fluency. Furthermore, less lateralized parietal language was associated with better out-of-scanner verbal memory across learning, short- and long-delay trials. In contrast, we did not find any relationship between temporal lobe language laterality and verbal performance. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that semantic language performance is better with some involvement of the nondominant hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha‐Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Novak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anna‐Lisa Schuler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychoanalysis and PsychotherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - William Davis Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral HealthChildren's National Health System (CNHS)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral HealthChildren's National Health System (CNHS)WashingtonDCUSA
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79
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Zoellner S, Benner J, Zeidler B, Seither-Preisler A, Christiner M, Seitz A, Goebel R, Heinecke A, Wengenroth M, Blatow M, Schneider P. Reduced cortical thickness in Heschl's gyrus as an in vivo marker for human primary auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1139-1154. [PMID: 30367737 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary auditory cortex (PAC) is located in the region of Heschl's gyrus (HG), as confirmed by histological, cytoarchitectonical, and neurofunctional studies. Applying cortical thickness (CTH) analysis based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 60 primary school children and 60 adults, we investigated the CTH distribution of left and right auditory cortex (AC) and primary auditory source activity at the group and individual level. Both groups showed contoured regions of reduced auditory cortex (redAC) along the mediolateral extension of HG, illustrating large inter-individual variability with respect to shape, localization, and lateralization. In the right hemisphere, redAC localized more within the medial portion of HG, extending typically across HG duplications. In the left hemisphere, redAC was distributed significantly more laterally, reaching toward the anterolateral portion of HG. In both hemispheres, redAC was found to be significantly thinner (mean CTH of 2.34 mm) as compared to surrounding areas (2.99 mm). This effect was more dominant in the right hemisphere rather than in the left one. Moreover, localization of the primary component of auditory evoked activity (P1), as measured by MEG in response to complex harmonic sounds, strictly co-localized with redAC. This structure-function link was found consistently at the group and individual level, suggesting PAC to be represented by areas of reduced cortex in HG. Thus, we propose reduced CTH as an in vivo marker for identifying shape and localization of PAC in the individual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Zoellner
- Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Benner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Zeidler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Systematic Musicology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Christiner
- Department of Linguistics, Unit for Language Learning and Teaching Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Seitz
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Heinecke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wengenroth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Blatow
- Department of Neuroradiology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
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80
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Abstract
Social lives have shifted, at least in part, for large portions of the population to social networking sites. How such lifestyle changes may be associated with brain structures is still largely unknown. In this manuscript, we describe two preliminary studies aimed at exploring this issue. The first study (n = 276) showed that Facebook users reported on increased social-semantic and mentalizing demands, and that such increases were positively associated with people's level of Facebook use. The second study (n = 33) theorized on and examined likely anatomical correlates of such changes in demands on the brain. Findings indicated that the grey matter volumes of the posterior parts of the bilateral middle and superior temporal, and left fusiform gyri were positively associated with the level of Facebook use. These results provided preliminary evidence that grey matter volumes of brain structures involved in social-semantic and mentalizing tasks may be linked to the extent of social networking sites use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Turel
- California State University, Fullerton, USA
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Damien Brevers
- Medical Psychology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology and Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, USA
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81
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Adler S, Blackwood M, Northam GB, Gunny R, Hong SJ, Bernhardt BC, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Jacques T, Tisdall M, Carmichael DW, Cross JH, Baldeweg T. Multimodal computational neocortical anatomy in pediatric hippocampal sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1200-1210. [PMID: 30349855 PMCID: PMC6186946 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In contrast to adult cohorts, neocortical changes in epileptic children with hippocampal damage are not well characterized. Here, we mapped multimodal neocortical markers of epilepsy‐related structural compromise in a pediatric cohort of temporal lobe epilepsy and explored how they relate to clinical factors. Methods We measured cortical thickness, gray–white matter intensity contrast and intracortical FLAIR intensity in 22 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and 30 controls. Surface‐based linear models assessed between‐group differences in morphological and MR signal intensity markers. Structural integrity of the hippocampus was measured by quantifying atrophy and FLAIR patterns. Linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between hippocampal and neocortical MRI markers and clinical factors. Results In the hippocampus, patients demonstrated ipsilateral atrophy and bilateral FLAIR hyperintensity. In the neocortex, patients showed FLAIR signal hyperintensities and gray–white matter boundary blurring in the ipsilesional mesial and lateral temporal neocortex. In contrast, cortical thinning was minimal and restricted to a small area of the ipsilesional temporal pole. Furthermore, patients with a history of febrile convulsions demonstrated more pronounced FLAIR hyperintensity in the ipsilesional temporal neocortex. Interpretation Pediatric HS patients do not yet demonstrate the widespread cortical thinning present in adult cohorts, which may reflect consequences of a protracted disease process. However, pronounced temporal neocortical FLAIR hyperintensity and blurring of the gray–white matter boundary are already detectable, suggesting that alterations in MR signal intensities may reflect a different underlying pathophysiology that is detectable earlier in the disease and more pervasive in patients with a history of febrile convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Adler
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
| | - Mallory Blackwood
- Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Gemma B Northam
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Roxana Gunny
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Thomas Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Histopathology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom
| | - Martin Tisdall
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
| | - David W Carmichael
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
| | - J Helen Cross
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London United Kingdom
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Kelly CE, Ooi WL, Yang JYM, Chen J, Adamson C, Lee KJ, Cheong JLY, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW, Thompson DK. Caffeine for apnea of prematurity and brain development at 11 years of age. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1112-1127. [PMID: 30250867 PMCID: PMC6144456 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity has been reported to improve brain white matter microstructure at term‐equivalent age, but its long‐term effects are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether caffeine affects (1) brain structure at 11 years of age, and (2) brain development from term‐equivalent age to 11 years of age, compared with placebo. Methods Preterm infants born ≤1250 g were randomly allocated to caffeine or placebo. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 70 participants (33 caffeine, 37 placebo) at term‐equivalent age and 117 participants (63 caffeine, 54 placebo) at 11 years of age. Global and regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure were measured at both time points. Results In general, there was little evidence for differences between treatment groups in brain volumes or white matter microstructure at age 11 years. There was, however, evidence that the caffeine group had a smaller corpus callosum than the placebo group. Volumetric brain development from term‐equivalent to 11 years of age was generally similar between treatment groups. However, there was evidence that caffeine was associated with slower growth of the corpus callosum, and slower decreases in axial, radial, and mean diffusivities in the white matter, particularly at the level of the centrum semiovale, over time than placebo. Interpretation This study suggests any benefits of neonatal caffeine therapy on brain structure in preterm infants weaken over time and are not clearly detectable by MRI at age 11 years, although caffeine may have long‐term effects on corpus callosum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Kelly
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Wenn Lynn Ooi
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Neuroscience Research Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Chris Adamson
- Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Katherine J Lee
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Neonatal Services The Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia.,Department of Neonatal Services The Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Developmental Imaging Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Australia
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Canna A, Ponticorvo S, Russo AG, Manara R, Di Salle F, Saponiero R, Callaghan MF, Weiskopf N, Esposito F. A group-level comparison of volumetric and combined volumetric-surface normalization for whole brain analyses of myelin and iron maps. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 54:225-240. [PMID: 30176374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) provides surrogate brain maps of myelin and iron content. After spatial normalization to a common standard brain space, these may be used to detect altered myelination and iron accumulation in clinical populations. Here, volumetric and combined volumetric and surface-based (CVS) normalization were compared to identify which procedure would afford the greatest sensitivity to inter-regional differences (contrast), and the lowest inter-subject variability (under normal conditions), of myelin- and iron-related qMRI parameters, in whole-brain group-level studies. Ten healthy volunteers were scanned twice at 3 Tesla. Three-dimensional T1-weighted, T2-weighted and multi-parametric mapping sequences for brain qMRI were used to map myelin and iron content over the whole brain. Parameter maps were spatially normalized using volumetric (DARTEL) and CVS procedures. Tissue probability weighting and isotropic Gaussian smoothing were integrated in DARTEL for voxel-based quantification (VBQ). Contrasts, coefficients of variations and sensitivity to detecting differences in the parameters were estimated in standard space for each approach on region of interest (ROI) and voxel-by-voxel bases. The contrast between cortical and subcortical ROIs with respectively different myelin and iron content was higher following CVS, compared to DARTEL-VBQ, normalization. Across cortical voxels, the inter-individual variability of myelin and iron qMRI maps were comparable between CVS (with no smoothing) and DARTEL-VBQ (with smoothing). CVS normalization of qMRI maps preserves higher myelin and iron contrast than DARTEL-VBQ over the entire brain, while exhibiting comparable variability in the cerebral cortex without extra smoothing. Thus, CVS may prove useful for detecting small microstructural differences in whole-brain group-level qMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Canna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sara Ponticorvo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea G Russo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Salle
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Renato Saponiero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy.
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84
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Tracing the structural origins of atypical language representation: consequences of prenatal mirror-imaged brain asymmetries in a dizygotic twin couple. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3757-3767. [PMID: 30062562 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the predictive value of prenatal superior temporal sulcus (STS) depth asymmetry in a special case of a female dizygotic twin that showed inverted prenatal asymmetry of this structure. For this purpose, we performed a follow-up investigation in this former fetus at the age of seven, where we assessed the functional language lateralization using task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As control group we employed her twin brother, who showed a typical folding pattern prenatally, as well as a complementary set of four age-matched children that had fetal MRI of their brains and typical STS depth asymmetry. We could show that the twin with the atypical fetal asymmetry of the STS also showed significantly differing rightward language lateralization in the frontal and temporal lobes. Additionally, resting-state data suggest a stronger connectivity between inferior frontal gyri in this case. The twin showed normal cognitive development. This result gives a first glimpse into the STS' atypical asymmetry being a very early morphological marker for later language lateralization.
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85
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Effects of APOE ε4 on neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:81-90. [PMID: 30107289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its importance for the clinical and biological heterogeneity in AD is unclear, particularly at the prodromal stage. We analyzed 151 prodromal AD patients (44 APOE ε4-negative and 107 APOE ε4-positive) from the BioFINDER study. We tested cognition, 18F-flutemetamol β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Aβ, tau and neurodegeneration, and magnetic resonance imaging of white matter pathology and brain structure. Despite having similar cortical Aβ-load and baseline global cognition (mini mental state examination), APOE ε4-negative prodromal AD had more nonamnestic cognitive impairment, higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ-peptides and neuronal injury biomarkers, more white matter pathology, more cortical atrophy, and faster decline of mini mental state examination, compared to APOE ε4-positive prodromal AD. The absence of APOE ε4 is associated with an atypical phenotype of prodromal AD. This suggests that APOE ε4 may impact both the diagnostics of AD in early stages and potentially also effects of disease-modifying treatments.
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86
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Ocklenburg S, Friedrich P, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Beste C, Güntürkün O, Genç E. Neurite architecture of the planum temporale predicts neurophysiological processing of auditory speech. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar6830. [PMID: 30009258 PMCID: PMC6040861 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The left hemispheric advantage in speech perception is reflected in faster neurophysiological processing. On the basis of postmortem data, it has been suggested that asymmetries in the organization of the intrinsic microcircuitry of the posterior temporal lobe may produce this leftward timing advantage. However, whether this hypothetical structure-function relationship exists in vivo has never been empirically validated. To test this assumption, we used in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging to quantify microcircuitry in terms of axon and dendrite complexity of the left and right planum temporale in 98 individuals. We found that a higher density of dendrites and axons in the temporal speech area is associated with faster neurophysiological processing of auditory speech, as reflected by electroencephalography. Our results imply that a higher density and higher number of synaptic contacts in the left posterior temporal lobe increase temporal precision and decrease latency of neurophysiological processes in this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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87
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Le Guen Y, Leroy F, Auzias G, Riviere D, Grigis A, Mangin JF, Coulon O, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Frouin V. The chaotic morphology of the left superior temporal sulcus is genetically constrained. Neuroimage 2018; 174:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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88
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Pundik S, Scoco A, Skelly M, McCabe JP, Daly JJ. Greater Cortical Thickness Is Associated With Enhanced Sensory Function After Arm Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:590-601. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968318778810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Somatosensory function is critical to normal motor control. After stroke, dysfunction of the sensory systems prevents normal motor function and degrades quality of life. Structural neuroplasticity underpinnings of sensory recovery after stroke are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify changes in bilateral cortical thickness (CT) that may drive recovery of sensory acuity. Methods. Chronic stroke survivors (n = 20) were treated with 12 weeks of rehabilitation. Measures were sensory acuity (monofilament), Fugl-Meyer upper limb and CT change. Permutation-based general linear regression modeling identified cortical regions in which change in CT was associated with change in sensory acuity. Results. For the ipsilesional hemisphere in response to treatment, CT increase was significantly associated with sensory improvement in the area encompassing the occipital pole, lateral occipital cortex (inferior and superior divisions), intracalcarine cortex, cuneal cortex, precuneus cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, occipital fusiform gyrus, supracalcarine cortex, and temporal occipital fusiform cortex. For the contralesional hemisphere, increased CT was associated with improved sensory acuity within the posterior parietal cortex that included supramarginal and angular gyri. Following upper limb therapy, monofilament test score changed from 45.0 ± 13.3 to 42.6 ± 12.9 mm ( P = .063) and Fugl-Meyer score changed from 22.1 ± 7.8 to 32.3 ± 10.1 ( P < .001). Conclusions. Rehabilitation in the chronic stage after stroke produced structural brain changes that were strongly associated with enhanced sensory acuity. Improved sensory perception was associated with increased CT in bilateral high-order association sensory cortices reflecting the complex nature of sensory function and recovery in response to rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pundik
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aleka Scoco
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Janis J. Daly
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Gainesville VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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89
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Johns CL, Jahn AA, Jones HR, Kush D, Molfese PJ, Van Dyke JA, Magnuson JS, Tabor W, Mencl WE, Shankweiler DP, Braze D. Individual differences in decoding skill, print exposure, and cortical structure in young adults. LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 33:1275-1295. [PMID: 30505876 PMCID: PMC6258201 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2018.1476727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory study investigated relations between individual differences in cortical grey matter structure and young adult readers' cognitive profiles. Whole-brain analyses revealed neuroanatomical correlations with word and nonword reading ability (decoding), and experience with printed matter. Decoding was positively correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) in left superior temporal sulcus, and thickness (GMT) in right superior temporal gyrus. Print exposure was negatively correlated with GMT in left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis) and left fusiform gyrus (including the visual word form area). Both measures also correlated with supramarginal gyrus (SMG), but in spatially distinct subregions: decoding was positively associated with GMV in left anterior SMG, and print exposure was negatively associated with GMT in left posterior SMG. Our comprehensive approach to assessment both confirms and refines our understanding of the novel relation between the structure of pSMG and proficient reading, and unifies previous research relating cortical structure and reading skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton L. Johns
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Andrew A. Jahn
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Hannah R. Jones
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Melora Hall, P.O. Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, U.S.A
| | - Dave Kush
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter J. Molfese
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Julie A. Van Dyke
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269-1272, U.S.A
| | - James S. Magnuson
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, U.S.A
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, 850 Bolton Road, Unit 1271, Storrs, CT, 06269-1271, U.S.A
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269-1272, U.S.A
| | - Whitney Tabor
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, U.S.A
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269-1272, U.S.A
| | - W. Einar Mencl
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Donald P. Shankweiler
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, U.S.A
| | - David Braze
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269-1272, U.S.A
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90
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Brodbeck C, Presacco A, Simon JZ. Neural source dynamics of brain responses to continuous stimuli: Speech processing from acoustics to comprehension. Neuroimage 2018; 172:162-174. [PMID: 29366698 PMCID: PMC5910254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human experience often involves continuous sensory information that unfolds over time. This is true in particular for speech comprehension, where continuous acoustic signals are processed over seconds or even minutes. We show that brain responses to such continuous stimuli can be investigated in detail, for magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, by combining linear kernel estimation with minimum norm source localization. Previous research has shown that the requirement to average data over many trials can be overcome by modeling the brain response as a linear convolution of the stimulus and a kernel, or response function, and estimating a kernel that predicts the response from the stimulus. However, such analysis has been typically restricted to sensor space. Here we demonstrate that this analysis can also be performed in neural source space. We first computed distributed minimum norm current source estimates for continuous MEG recordings, and then computed response functions for the current estimate at each source element, using the boosting algorithm with cross-validation. Permutation tests can then assess the significance of individual predictor variables, as well as features of the corresponding spatio-temporal response functions. We demonstrate the viability of this technique by computing spatio-temporal response functions for speech stimuli, using predictor variables reflecting acoustic, lexical and semantic processing. Results indicate that processes related to comprehension of continuous speech can be differentiated anatomically as well as temporally: acoustic information engaged auditory cortex at short latencies, followed by responses over the central sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus, possibly related to somatosensory/motor cortex involvement in speech perception; lexical frequency was associated with a left-lateralized response in auditory cortex and subsequent bilateral frontal activity; and semantic composition was associated with bilateral temporal and frontal brain activity. We conclude that this technique can be used to study the neural processing of continuous stimuli in time and anatomical space with the millisecond temporal resolution of MEG. This suggests new avenues for analyzing neural processing of naturalistic stimuli, without the necessity of averaging over artificially short or truncated stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brodbeck
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan Z Simon
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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91
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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5154-E5163. [PMID: 29764998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718418115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
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92
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Greve DN, Fischl B. False positive rates in surface-based anatomical analysis. Neuroimage 2018; 171:6-14. [PMID: 29288131 PMCID: PMC5857431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The false positive rates (FPR) for surface-based group analysis of cortical thickness, surface area, and volume were evaluated for parametric and non-parametric clusterwise correction for multiple comparisons for a range of smoothing levels and cluster-forming thresholds (CFT) using real data under group assignments that should not yield significant results. For whole cortical surface analysis, thickness showed modest inflation in parametric FPRs above the nominal level (10% versus 5%). Surface area and volume FPRs were much higher (20-30%). In the analysis of interhemispheric thickness asymmetries, FPRs were well controlled by parametric correction, but FPRs for surface area and volume asymmetries were still inflated. In all cases, non-parametric permutation adequately controlled the FPRs. It was found that inflated parametric FPRs were caused by violations in the parametric assumptions, namely a heavier-than-Gaussian spatial correlation. The non-Gaussian spatial correlation originates from anatomical features unique to individuals (e.g., a patch of cortex slightly thicker or thinner than average) and is not a by-product of scanning or processing. Thickness performed better than surface area and volume because thickness does not require a Jacobian correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA
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93
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Keller SS, Roberts N, Baker G, Sluming V, Cezayirli E, Mayes A, Eldridge P, Marson AG, Wieshmann UC. A voxel-based asymmetry study of the relationship between hemispheric asymmetry and language dominance in Wada tested patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3032-3045. [PMID: 29569808 PMCID: PMC6055618 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the anatomical basis of hemispheric language dominance (HLD) remains an important scientific endeavor. The Wada test remains the gold standard test for HLD and provides a unique opportunity to determine the relationship between HLD and hemispheric structural asymmetries on MRI. In this study, we applied a whole‐brain voxel‐based asymmetry (VBA) approach to determine the relationship between interhemispheric structural asymmetries and HLD in a large consecutive sample of Wada tested patients. Of 135 patients, 114 (84.4%) had left HLD, 10 (7.4%) right HLD, and 11 (8.2%) bilateral language representation. Fifty‐four controls were also studied. Right‐handed controls and right‐handed patients with left HLD had comparable structural brain asymmetries in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions that have previously been documented in healthy people. However, these patients and controls differed in structural asymmetry of the mesial temporal lobe and a circumscribed region in the superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that only asymmetries of these regions were due to brain alterations caused by epilepsy. Additional comparisons between patients with left and right HLD, matched for type and location of epilepsy, revealed that structural asymmetries of insula, pars triangularis, inferior temporal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral temporo‐occipital cortex, mesial somatosensory cortex, and mesial cerebellum were significantly associated with the side of HLD. Patients with right HLD and bilateral language representation were significantly less right‐handed. These results suggest that structural asymmetries of an insular‐fronto‐temporal network may be related to HLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Keller
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Edinburgh Imaging, The Queens Medical Research Institute (QMRI), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gus Baker
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Sluming
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Enis Cezayirli
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mayes
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Eldridge
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Udo C Wieshmann
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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94
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DuBois JM, Rousset OG, Guiot MC, Hall JA, Reader AJ, Soucy JP, Rosa-Neto P, Kobayashi E. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (mGluR5) Cortical Abnormalities in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Identified In Vivo With [11C]ABP688 Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. Cereb Cortex 2018; 26:4170-4179. [PMID: 27578494 PMCID: PMC5066831 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) abnormalities have been described in tissue resected from epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). To determine if these abnormalities could be identified in vivo, we investigated mGluR5 availability in 10 patients with focal epilepsy and an MRI diagnosis of FCD using positron-emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11C]ABP688. Partial volume corrected [11C]ABP688 binding potentials (BPND) were computed using the cerebellum as a reference region. Each patient was compared to homotopic cortical regions in 33 healthy controls using region-of-interest (ROI) and vertex-wise analyses. Reduced [11C]ABP688 BPND in the FCD was seen in 7/10 patients with combined ROI and vertex-wise analyses. Reduced FCD BPND was found in 4/5 operated patients (mean follow-up: 63 months; Engel I), of whom surgical specimens revealed FCD type IIb or IIa, with most balloon cells showing negative or weak mGluR5 immunoreactivity as compared to their respective neuropil and normal neurons at the border of resections. [11C]ABP688 PET shows for the first time in vivo evidence of reduced mGluR5 availability in FCD, indicating focal glutamatergic alterations in malformations of cortical development, which cannot be otherwise clearly demonstrated through resected tissue analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DuBois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Olivier G Rousset
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Andrew J Reader
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Bio-Imaging Group, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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95
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Li X, Crow TJ, Hopkins WD, Gong Q, Roberts N. Human torque is not present in chimpanzee brain. Neuroimage 2017; 165:285-293. [PMID: 29031530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We searched for positional brain surface asymmetries measured as displacements between corresponding vertex pairs in relation to a mid-sagittal plane in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the brains of 223 humans and 70 chimpanzees. In humans deviations from symmetry were observed: 1) a Torque pattern comprising right-frontal and left-occipital "petalia" together with downward and rightward "bending" of the occipital extremity, 2) leftward displacement of the anterior temporal lobe and the anterior and central segments of superior temporal sulcus (STS), and 3) posteriorly in the position of left occipito-temporal surface accompanied by a clockwise rotation of the left Sylvian Fissure around the left-right axis. None of these asymmetries was detected in the chimpanzee, nor was associated with a sex difference. However, 4) an area of cortex with its long axis parallel to the olfactory tract in the orbital surface of the frontal lobe was found in humans to be located higher on the left in females and higher on the right in males. In addition whereas the two hemispheres of the chimpanzee brain are equal in extent in each of the three dimensions of space, in the human brain the left hemisphere is longer (p = 3.6e-12), and of less height (p = 1.9e-3), but equal in width compared to the right. Thus the asymmetries in the human brain are potential correlates of the evolution of the faculty of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Crow
- POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - William D Hopkins
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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96
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Vallesi A, Mazzonetto I, Ambrosini E, Babcock L, Capizzi M, Arbula S, Tarantino V, Semenza C, Bertoldo A. Structural hemispheric asymmetries underlie verbal Stroop performance. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:167-173. [PMID: 28834738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Performance on tasks involving cognitive control such as the Stroop task is often associated with left lateralized brain activations. Based on this neuro-functional evidence, we tested whether leftward structural grey matter asymmetries would also predict inter-individual differences in combatting Stroop interference. To check for the specificity of the results, both a verbal Stroop task and a spatial one were administered to a total of 111 healthy young individuals, for whom T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were also acquired. Surface thickness and area estimations were calculated using FreeSurfer. Participants' hemispheres were registered to a symmetric template and Laterality Indices (LI) for the surface thickness and for the area at each vertex in each participant were computed. The correlation of these surface LI measures with the verbal and spatial Stroop effects (incongruent-congruent difference in trial performance) was assessed at each vertex by means of general linear models at the whole-brain level. We found a significant correlation between performance and surface area LI in an inferior posterior temporal cluster (overlapping with the so-called visual word form area, VWFA), with a more left-lateralized area in this region associated with a smaller Stroop effect only in the verbal task. These results point to an involvement of the VWFA for higher-level processes based on word reading, including the suppression of this process when required by the task, and could be interpreted in the context of cross-hemispheric rivalry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience, 35128, University of Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, 30126, Venice, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Mazzonetto
- Department of Neuroscience, 35128, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, 35128, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Babcock
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Arbula
- Department of Neuroscience, 35128, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Semenza
- Department of Neuroscience, 35128, University of Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, 30126, Venice, Italy
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97
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Marie D, Roth M, Lacoste R, Nazarian B, Bertello A, Anton JL, Hopkins WD, Margiotoudi K, Love SA, Meguerditchian A. Left Brain Asymmetry of the Planum Temporale in a Nonhominid Primate: Redefining the Origin of Brain Specialization for Language. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:1808-1815. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marie
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Muriel Roth
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Lacoste
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Bruno Nazarian
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alice Bertello
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - William D Hopkins
- The Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Neuroscience Institute and the Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- IMéRA – Institut d’Etudes Avancées, Université Aix-Marseille, 13004 Marseille, France
- Brain & Language Research Institute, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13604 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Konstantina Margiotoudi
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Scott A Love
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
- Brain & Language Research Institute, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13604 Aix-en-Provence, France
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98
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Aguirre GK, Butt OH, Datta R, Roman AJ, Sumaroka A, Schwartz SB, Cideciyan AV, Jacobson SG. Postretinal Structure and Function in Severe Congenital Photoreceptor Blindness Caused by Mutations in the GUCY2D Gene. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:959-973. [PMID: 28403437 PMCID: PMC5308769 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine how severe congenital blindness resulting from mutations of the GUCY2D gene alters brain structure and function, and to relate these findings to the notable preservation of retinal architecture in this form of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Methods Six GUCY2D-LCA patients (ages 20–46) were studied with optical coherence tomography of the retina and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Measurements from this group were compared to those obtained from populations of normally sighted controls and people with congenital blindness of a variety of causes. Results Patients with GUCY2D-LCA had preservation of the photoreceptors, ganglion cells, and nerve fiber layer. Despite this, visual function in these patients ranged from 20/160 acuity to no light perception, and functional MRI responses to light stimulation were attenuated and restricted. This severe visual impairment was reflected in substantial thickening of the gray matter layer of area V1, accompanied by an alteration of resting-state correlations within the occipital lobe, similar to a comparison group of congenitally blind people with structural damage to the retina. In contrast to the comparison blind population, however, the GUCY2D-LCA group had preservation of the size of the optic chiasm, and the fractional anisotropy of the optic radiations as measured with diffusion tensor imaging was also normal. Conclusions These results identify dissociable effects of blindness upon the visual pathway. Further, the relatively intact postgeniculate white matter pathway in GUCY2D-LCA is encouraging for the prospect of recovery of visual function with gene augmentation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Omar H Butt
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ritobrato Datta
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alejandro J Roman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander Sumaroka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sharon B Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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99
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Matheson GJ, Stenkrona P, Cselényi Z, Plavén-Sigray P, Halldin C, Farde L, Cervenka S. Reliability of volumetric and surface-based normalisation and smoothing techniques for PET analysis of the cortex: A test-retest analysis using [ 11C]SCH-23390. Neuroimage 2017; 155:344-353. [PMID: 28419852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric voxelwise analysis is a commonly used tool in neuroimaging, as it allows for identification of regions of effects in the absence of a strong a-priori regional hypothesis by comparing each voxel of the brain independently. Due to the inherent imprecision of single voxel measurements, spatial smoothing is performed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of single-voxel estimates. In addition, smoothing compensates for imprecisions in anatomical registration, and allows for the use of cluster-based statistical thresholding. Smoothing has traditionally been applied in three dimensions, without taking the tissue types of surrounding voxels into account. This procedure may be suitable for subcortical structures, but is problematic for cortical regions for which grey matter often constitutes only a small proportion of the smoothed signal. New methods have been developed for cortical analysis in which voxels are sampled to a surface, and smoothing is restricted to neighbouring regions along the cortical grey matter in two dimensions. This procedure has recently been shown to decrease intersubject variability and bias of PET data. The aim of this study was to compare the variability, bias and test-retest reliability of volumetric and surface-based methods as they are applied in practice. Fifteen healthy young males were each measured twice using the dopamine D1 receptor radioligand [11C]SCH-23390, and analyses were performed at the level of individual voxels and vertices within the cortex. We found that surface-based methods yielded higher BPND values, lower coefficient of variation, less bias, better reliability and more precise estimates of parametric binding. All in all, these results suggest that surface-based methods exhibit superior performance to volumetric approaches for voxelwise analysis of PET data, and we advocate for their use when a ROI-based analysis is not appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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100
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Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Lorenz S, Caspers J, Stigliani A, Amunts K, Zilles K, Fischl B, Grill-Spector K. The Cytoarchitecture of Domain-specific Regions in Human High-level Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:146-161. [PMID: 27909003 PMCID: PMC5939223 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental hypothesis in neuroscience proposes that underlying cellular architecture (cytoarchitecture) contributes to the functionality of a brain area. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) that contains domain-specific regions causally involved in perception. To fill this gap in knowledge, we used cortex-based alignment to register functional regions from living participants to cytoarchitectonic areas in ex vivo brains. This novel approach reveals 3 findings. First, there is a consistent relationship between domain-specific regions and cytoarchitectonic areas: each functional region is largely restricted to 1 cytoarchitectonic area. Second, extracting cytoarchitectonic profiles from face- and place-selective regions after back-projecting each region to 20-μm thick histological sections indicates that cytoarchitectonic properties distinguish these regions from each other. Third, some cytoarchitectonic areas contain more than 1 domain-specific region. For example, face-, body-, and character-selective regions are located within the same cytoarchitectonic area. We summarize these findings with a parsimonious hypothesis incorporating how cellular properties may contribute to functional specialization in human VTC. Specifically, we link computational principles to correlated axes of functional and cytoarchitectonic segregation in human VTC, in which parallel processing across domains occurs along a lateral-medial axis while transformations of information within domain occur along an anterior-posterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Simon Lorenz
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty,University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Stigliani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT EECS/HST, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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