51
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Friesen M, Cowan CA. Adipocyte Metabolism and Insulin Signaling Perturbations: Insights from Genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:396-406. [PMID: 31072658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a rapidly growing pandemic. It poses an enormous health burden given its comorbidity with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and other metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Adipose tissue has been established as a key regulator of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, with interest growing rapidly. Emerging evidence suggests that adipocytes play an important role in these afflictions and contribute to IR. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to illuminate the genetics underlying obesity, T2D, and IR, and this will allow further study into the disease mechanisms of the genes implicated in these metabolic diseases. Progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diseased adipocytes will be discussed here, with an eye towards the future in developing novel therapeutics to combat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Friesen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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52
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Denis RGP, Busi F, Castel J, Morel C, Zhang W, Bui LC, Sugamori KS, Prokopec SD, Boutros PC, Grant DM, Rodrigues-Lima F, Luquet S, Dupret JM. A readout of metabolic efficiency in arylamine N-acetyltransferase-deficient mice reveals minor energy metabolism changes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:831-841. [PMID: 30883722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a possible link between the activities of polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) and energy metabolism. We used a Nat1/Nat2 double knockout (KO) mouse model to demonstrate that ablation of the two Nat genes is associated with modest, intermittent alterations in respiratory exchange rate. Pyruvate tolerance tests show that double KO mice have attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis when maintained on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Absence of the two Nat genes also leads to an increase in the hepatic concentration of coenzyme A in mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Our results suggest a modest involvement of NAT in energy metabolism in mice, which is consistent with the absence of major phenotypic deregulation of energy metabolism in slow human acetylators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël G P Denis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Florent Busi
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Morel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Linh-Chi Bui
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Kim S Sugamori
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Denis M Grant
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Dupret
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
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53
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Wang L, Minchin RF, Essebier PJ, Butcher NJ. Loss of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase I regulates mitochondrial function by inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:84-90. [PMID: 30836144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) has been widely reported to affect cancer cell growth and survival and recent studies suggest it may alter cell metabolism. In this study, the effects of NAT1 deletion on mitochondrial function was examined in 2 human cell lines, breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Using a Seahorse XFe96 Flux Analyzer, NAT1 deletion was shown to decrease oxidative phosphorylation with a significant loss in respiratory reserve capacity in both cell lines. There also was a decrease in glycolysis without a change in glucose uptake. The changes in mitochondrial function was due to a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, which could be reversed with the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate. In the MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was attenuated either by an increase in phosphorylation or a decrease in total protein expression. These results may help explain some of the cellular events that have been reported recently in cell and animal models of NAT1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia.
| | - Patricia J Essebier
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
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54
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Hsu CC, Chang HY, Wu IC, Chen CC, Tsai HJ, Chiu YF, Chuang SC, Hsiung WC, Tsai TL, Liaw WJ, Lin IC, Shen SC, Juan CC, Lien LM, Lee M, Chen YDI, Liu K, Hsiung CA. Cohort Profile: The Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST). Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1106-1106j. [PMID: 28369534 PMCID: PMC5837206 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chih Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Hsiung
- Department of Cardiology, Hope Doctors Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lung Tsai
- Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Liaw
- Department of Family Medicine, Yee Zen General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chen Shen
- Department of Community Health, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chou Juan
- Department of Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Lien
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marion Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Molecular Biochemistry and Expression Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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55
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1448] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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56
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Expression and genotype-dependent catalytic activity of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its modulation by Sirtuin 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:340-347. [PMID: 30149019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) catalyzes the biotransformation of numerous arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 modify drug efficacy and toxicity and susceptibility to diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Expression of NAT2 has been documented in the liver and gastrointestinal tract but not in other tissues. Deacetylation of cytosolic proteins by sirtuins is a post-translational modification important in regulatory networks of diverse cellular processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate NAT2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the effects of NAT2 genotype and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Both NAT2 and SIRT1 proteins were expressed on PBMC. Their expression was more prevalent on CD3+ compared to CD19+ and CD56+ cell populations. N-acetylation capacity of PBMC exhibited a NAT2 gene-dose response toward the N-acetylation of isoniazid. Subjects with rapid NAT2 genotype showed an apparent Vmax of 42.1 ± 2.4; intermediate NAT2 genotypes an apparent Vmax of 22.6 ± 2.2; and slow acetylator NAT2 genotypes an apparent Vmax of 19.9 ± 1.7 nM acetyl-isoniazid/24 h/million cells. The N-acetylation capacity of NAT2 in the presence of SIRT1 enhancer was significantly decreased (p < 0.001), conversely, the transient silencing of SIRT1 resulted in an increase of N-acetylation capacity (p < 0.001). These findings are the first report of NAT2 genotype-dependent expression on PBMC and post-translational modification by SIRT1. These findings constitute a substantial advance in our understanding of human N-acetyltransferase expression and a new much less invasive method for measurement of human NAT2 expression and phenotype.
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57
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Ripley EM, Clarke GD, Hamidi V, Martinez RA, Settles FD, Solis C, Deng S, Abdul-Ghani M, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Reduced skeletal muscle phosphocreatine concentration in type 2 diabetic patients: a quantitative image-based phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E229-E239. [PMID: 29509433 PMCID: PMC6139498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function has been examined in insulin-resistant (IR) states including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in T2DM reported results as relative concentrations of metabolite ratios, which could obscure differences in phosphocreatine ([PCr]) and adenosine triphosphate concentrations ([ATP]) between T2DM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. We used an image-guided 31P-MRS method to quantitate [PCr], inorganic phosphate [Pi], phosphodiester [PDE], and [ATP] in vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in 11 T2DM and 14 NGT subjects. Subjects also received oral glucose tolerance test, euglycemic insulin clamp, 1H-MRS to measure intramyocellular lipids [IMCL], and VL muscle biopsy to evaluate mitochondrial density. T2DM subjects had lower absolute [PCr] and [ATP] than NGT subjects (PCr 28.6 ± 3.2 vs. 24.6 ± 2.4, P < 0.002, and ATP 7.18 ± 0.6 vs. 6.37 ± 1.1, P < 0.02) while [PDE] was higher, but not significantly. [PCr], obtained using the traditional ratio method, showed no significant difference between groups. [PCr] was negatively correlated with HbA1c ( r = -0.63, P < 0.01) and fasting plasma glucose ( r = -0.51, P = 0.01). [PDE] was negatively correlated with Matsuda index ( r = -0.43, P = 0.03) and M/I ( r = -0.46, P = 0.04), but was positively correlated with [IMCL] ( r = 0.64, P < 0.005), HbA1c, and FPG ( r = 0.60, P = 0.001). To summarize, using a modified, in vivo quantitative 31P-MRS method, skeletal muscle [PCr] and [ATP] are reduced in T2DM, while this difference was not observed with the traditional ratio method. The strong inverse correlation between [PCr] vs. HbA1c, FPG, and insulin sensitivity supports the concept that lower baseline skeletal muscle [PCr] is related to key determinants of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Ripley
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vala Hamidi
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert A Martinez
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Floyd D Settles
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carolina Solis
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shengwen Deng
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Devjit Tripathy
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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58
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Langenberg C, Lotta LA. Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2018; 391:2463-2474. [PMID: 29916387 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have implicated around 250 genomic regions in predisposition to type 2 diabetes, with evidence for causal variants and genes emerging for several of these regions. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including the interplay between β-cell failure, insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, and adipose storage has been facilitated by the integration of multidimensional data for diabetes-related intermediate phenotypes, detailed genomic annotations, functional experiments, and now multiomic molecular features. Studies in diverse ethnic groups and examples from population isolates have shown the value and need for a broad genomic approach to this global disease. Transethnic discovery efforts and large-scale biobanks in diverse populations and ancestries could help to address some of the Eurocentric bias. Despite rapid progress in the discovery of the highly polygenic architecture of type 2 diabetes, dominated by common alleles with small, cumulative effects on disease risk, these insights have been of little clinical use in terms of disease prediction or prevention, and have made only small contributions to subtype classification or stratified approaches to treatment. Successful development of academia-industry partnerships for exome or genome sequencing in large biobanks could help to deliver economies of scale, with implications for the future of genomics-focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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59
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Spatola L, Ferraro PM, Gambaro G, Badalamenti S, Dauriz M. Metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: insulin resistance in focus. Metabolism 2018; 83:225-233. [PMID: 29510180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid nephrolithiasis (UAN) is an increasingly common disease in ethnically diverse populations and constitutes about 10% of all kidney stones. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are accounted among the major risk factors for UAN, together with environmental exposure, individual lifestyle habits and genetic predisposition. The development and overt manifestation of UAN appears to stem on the background of insulin resistance, which acts at the kidney level by reducing urinary pH, thus hampering the ability of the kidney to generate renal ammonium in response to an acid load. Unduly acidic urinary pH and overt UAN are both considered renal manifestations of insulin resistance. The mechanisms underlying increased endogenous acid production and/or defective ammonium excretion are yet to be completely understood. Although the development of UAN and, more in general, of kidney stones largely recognizes modifiable individual determining factors, the rising prevalence of diabetes, obesity and accompanying metabolic disorders calls for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches and intervention targets. This review aims at providing an updated picture of existing evidence on the relationship between insulin resistance and UAN in the context of metabolic syndrome and in light of the most recent advancements in our understanding of its genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Spatola
- Division of Nephrology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Division of Nephrology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
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60
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Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67-e492. [PMID: 29386200 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4559] [Impact Index Per Article: 759.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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61
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Mechanism by which arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 ablation causes insulin resistance in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11285-E11292. [PMID: 29237750 PMCID: PMC5748223 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716990115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle are major factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; however, the molecular mechanism or mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have not been established. Recently, an association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene with insulin resistance in humans was found. Here, we show that the murine ortholog Nat1 knockout (KO) mice manifested whole-body insulin resistance associated with marked increases in liver and muscle lipid content. Nat1 KO mice also displayed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and reduced mitochondrial activity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Nat1 deletion promotes reduced mitochondrial activity and is associated with ectopic lipid-induced liver and muscle insulin resistance. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene has recently been identified as associated with insulin resistance in humans. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which alterations in Nat2 activity might cause insulin resistance, we examined murine ortholog Nat1 knockout (KO) mice. Nat1 KO mice manifested whole-body insulin resistance, which could be attributed to reduced muscle, liver, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Hepatic and muscle insulin resistance were associated with marked increases in both liver and muscle triglyceride (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content, which was associated with increased PKCε activation in liver and increased PKCθ activation in skeletal muscle. Nat1 KO mice also displayed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and hepatocytes. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Nat1 deletion promotes reduced mitochondrial activity and is associated with ectopic lipid-induced insulin resistance. These results provide a potential genetic link among mitochondrial dysfunction with increased ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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62
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Wang Q, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Ala-Korpela M. Genetic Support for a Causal Role of Insulin Resistance on Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1779-1786. [PMID: 29046328 PMCID: PMC5701741 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance has deleterious effects on cardiometabolic disease. We used Mendelian randomization analyses to clarify the causal relationships of insulin resistance (IR) on circulating blood-based metabolites to shed light on potential mediators of the IR to cardiometabolic disease relationship. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IR from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore their effects on circulating lipids and metabolites. We used published summary-level data from two GWASs of European individuals; data on the exposure (IR) were obtained from meta-GWASs of 188,577 individuals, and data on the outcomes (58 metabolic measures assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance) were taken from a GWAS of 24,925 individuals. RESULTS One-SD genetically elevated IR (equivalent to 55% higher geometric mean of fasting insulin, 0.89 mmol/L higher triglycerides, and 0.46 mmol/L lower HDL cholesterol) was associated with higher concentrations of all branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-isoleucine (0.56 SD; 95% CI 0.43, 0.70), leucine (0.42 SD; 95% CI 0.28, 0.55), and valine (0.26 SD; 95% CI 0.12, 0.39)-as well as with higher glycoprotein acetyls (an inflammation marker) (0.47 SD; 95% CI 0.32, 0.62) (P < 0.0003 for each). Results were broadly consistent when using multiple sensitivity analyses to account for potential genetic pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS We provide robust evidence that IR causally affects each individual BCAA and inflammation. Taken together with existing studies, this implies that BCAA metabolism lies on a causal pathway from adiposity and IR to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, U.K.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland .,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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63
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Chennamsetty I, Coronado M, Contrepois K, Keller MP, Carcamo-Orive I, Sandin J, Fajardo G, Whittle AJ, Fathzadeh M, Snyder M, Reaven G, Attie AD, Bernstein D, Quertermous T, Knowles JW. Nat1 Deficiency Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 17:527-540. [PMID: 27705799 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified human N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) as an insulin resistance (IR) gene. Here, we examine the cellular mechanism linking NAT2 to IR and find that Nat1 (mouse ortholog of NAT2) is co-regulated with key mitochondrial genes. RNAi-mediated silencing of Nat1 led to mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial fragmentation as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, biogenesis, mass, cellular respiration, and ATP generation. These effects were consistent in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, C2C12 myoblasts, and in tissues from Nat1-deficient mice, including white adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle. Nat1-deficient mice had changes in plasma metabolites and lipids consistent with a decreased ability to utilize fats for energy and a decrease in basal metabolic rate and exercise capacity without altered thermogenesis. Collectively, our results suggest that Nat1 deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction, which may constitute a mechanistic link between this gene and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Chennamsetty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Coronado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Sandin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathzadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald Reaven
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are complex metabolic traits and key risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. They result from the interplay of environmental and genetic factors but the full extent of the genetic background to these conditions remains incomplete. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have helped advance the identification of common genetic variation associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, and more recently, exome sequencing has allowed the identification of rare variants associated with the pathogenesis of these conditions. Many variants associated with insulin resistance are directly involved in glucose metabolism; however, functional studies are required to assess the contribution of other variants to the development of insulin resistance. Many genetic variants involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome are associated with lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Brown
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Wheeler E, Marenne G, Barroso I. Genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits: approaches and insights. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R172-R184. [PMID: 28977447 PMCID: PMC5886471 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycaemic traits such as fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin measures, as well as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), are used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. These traits are risk factors for cardiovascular disease even below the diabetic threshold, and their study can additionally yield insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. To date, a diverse set of genetic approaches have led to the discovery of over 97 loci influencing glycaemic traits. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits, and the resulting biological insights. We will provide a brief overview of results ranging from common, to low- and rare-frequency variant-trait association studies, studies leveraging the diversity across populations, and studies harnessing the power of genetic and genomic approaches to gain insights into the biological underpinnings of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wheeler
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gaëlle Marenne
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Ahmad MS, Kimhofer T, Ahmad S, AlAma MN, Mosli HH, Hindawi SI, Mook-Kanamori DO, Šebeková K, Damanhouri ZA, Holmes E. Ethnicity and skin autofluorescence-based risk-engines for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185175. [PMID: 28931094 PMCID: PMC5607192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin auto fluorescence (SAF) is used as a proxy for the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and has been proposed to stratify patients into cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk groups. This study evaluates the effects of seven different ethnicities (Arab, Central-East African, Eastern Mediterranean, European, North African, South Asian and Southeast Asian) and gender on SAF as well as validating SAF assessment as a risk estimation tool for CVD and DM in an Arabian cohort. SAF data from self-reported healthy 2,780 individuals, collated from three independent studies, has been linear modelled using age and gender as a covariate. A cross-study harmonized effect size (Cohens’d) is provided for each ethnicity. Furthermore, new data has been collected from a clinically well-defined patient group of 235 individuals, to evaluate SAF as a clinical tool for DM and CVD-risk estimation in an Arab cohort. In an Arab population, SAF-based CVD and/or DM risk-estimation can be improved by referencing to ethnicity and gender-specific SAF values. Highest SAF values were observed for the North African population, followed by East Mediterranean, Arab, South Asian and European populations. The South Asian population had a slightly steeper slope in SAF values with age compared to other ethnic groups. All ethnic groups except Europeans showed a significant gender effect. When compared with a European group, effect size was highest for Eastern Mediterranean group and lowest for South Asian group. The Central-East African and Southeast Asian ethnicity matched closest to the Arab and Eastern Mediterranean ethnicities, respectively. Ethnic and gender-specific data improves performance in SAF-based CVD and DM risk estimation. The provided harmonized effect size allows a direct comparison of SAF in different ethnicities. For the first time, gender differences in SAF are described for North African and East Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MSA); (TK)
| | - Torben Kimhofer
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MSA); (TK)
| | - Sultan Ahmad
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nabil AlAma
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Hisham Mosli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Ibrahim Hindawi
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Primary Care/Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zoheir Abdullah Damanhouri
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
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Sharma A, Vella A. Obstacles to Translating Genotype-Phenotype Correlates in Metabolic Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:42-50. [PMID: 27927804 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease with a variable phenotype. Many genetic associations have been described; however, understanding their underlying pathophysiological role in Type 2 diabetes mellitus is important for development of future therapeutic targets. Here, we review the physiological mechanisms of diabetes-associated variants that affect glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Vella
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Marzuillo P, Di Sessa A, Umano GR, Nunziata L, Cirillo G, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Grandone A. Novel association between the nonsynonymous A803G polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene and impaired glucose homeostasis in obese children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:478-484. [PMID: 27481583 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2 ) A803G polymorphism has been associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in a large adult population with the A allele associated with insulin-resistance-related traits. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of this polymorphism with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. SUBJECTS A total of 748 obese children and adolescents were enrolled. METHODS Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected. During oral glucose tolerance test, the presence of a possible exaggerated plasma glucose excursion at 1 h (1HPG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was considered. Homeostasis model assessment, oral disposition index (oDI) and insulinogenic index (IDI) were calculated. Patients were genotyped for the NAT2 A803G polymorphism. RESULTS The prevalence of both IGT and elevated-1HPG was higher in children carrying the A803 allele (P = .02 and P = .03). Moreover, this allele was associated with both oDI and IGI reduction (P = .01). No differences among the NAT2 A803G genotypes for the other parameters were shown. Children homozygous for the A allele presented an odds ratio (OR), to show IGT of 4.9 (P = .01). Children both homozygous and heterozygous for the A allele had higher risk to show elevated-1HPG (OR of 2.7, P = .005; and OR = 2.3, P = .005) compared with patients homozygous for the NAT2 803G allele. CONCLUSIONS NAT2 A803 allele seems to play a role in worsening the destiny of obese children carrying it, predisposing them to elevated-1HPG and IGT and then to a possible future type 2 diabetes mellitus throughout an impairment of pancreatic β-cellular insulin secretion as suggested by oDI and IGI reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigia Nunziata
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Chen S, Zeng K, Liu QC, Guo Z, Zhang S, Chen XR, Lin JH, Wen JP, Zhao CF, Lin XH, Gao F. Adropin deficiency worsens HFD-induced metabolic defects. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3008. [PMID: 28837146 PMCID: PMC5596552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of current treatment methods and increased type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence constitute an incentive for investigating how metabolic homeostasis is maintained, to improve treatment efficacy and identify novel treatment methods. We analyzed a three-generation family of Chinese origin with the common feature of T2DM attacks and fatty pancreas (FP), alongside 19 unrelated patients with FP and 58 cases with T2DM for genetic variations in Enho, serum adropin, and relative Treg amounts. Functional studies with adropin knockout (AdrKO) in C57BL/6J mice were also performed. It showed serum adropin levels were significantly lower in FP and T2DM patients than in healthy subjects; relative Treg amounts were also significantly decreased in FP and T2DM patients, and positively associated with adropin (r=0.7220, P=0.0001). Sequencing revealed that the patients shared a Cys56Trp mutation in Enho. In vivo, adropin-deficiency was associated with increased severity of glucose homeostasis impairment and fat metabolism disorder. AdrKO mice exhibited reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (Ser1177), impaired glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, adipocytes infiltrating, and loss of Treg, and developed FP and T2DM. Adropin-deficiency contributed to loss of Treg and the development of FP disease and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-cai Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-rong Chen
- Department of Radiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-hua Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-ping Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng-fei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xin-hua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Philips L, Visser J, Nel D, Blaauw R. The association between tuberculosis and the development of insulin resistance in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western sub-district of the Cape Metropole region, South Africa: a combined cross-sectional, cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:570. [PMID: 28810840 PMCID: PMC5556352 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of a bi-directional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes has been alluded to in literature. Although diabetes has been linked to increased tuberculosis risk, the relationship between tuberculosis as a causative factor for IR remains unclear. The study aimed to determine if an association existed between tuberculosis and IR development in adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis at baseline. It was additionally aimed to document changes in IR status during TB follow-up periods. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated ambulatory participants at baseline for IR prevalence via anthropometry, biochemistry and diagnostic IR tests [homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)]. A prospective cohort sub-section study was additionally performed on approximately half of the baseline study population, who were followed-up at two and five months whilst on tuberculosis treatment. Summary statistics, correlation co-efficients and appropriate analysis of variance were used to describe and analyse data. Participants were excluded if they presented with other forms of tuberculosis, were HIV-positive, obese or had any pre-disposing IR conditions such as diabetes or metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants were included from August 2013 until December 2014 (33.95 ± 12.02 years old; 81.4% male). IR prevalence was 25.4% at baseline, determined by a calculated HOMA-IR cut-off point of 2.477. Patients with IR were younger (p = 0.04). Although the difference between IR levels in participants between baseline and follow-up was not significant, a decrease was observed over time. The majority of participants (61.0%) presented with a normal BMI at baseline. Mean baseline values of fasting glucose were within normal ranges (4.82 ± 0.80 mmol/L), whereas increased mean CRP levels (60.18 ± 50.92 mg/L) and decreased mean HDL-cholesterol levels (males: 0.94 ± 0.88 mmol/L; females: 1.14 ± 0.88 mmol/L) were found. CONCLUSIONS The study found an association between tuberculosis and IR development in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Although not significant, IR levels decreased over time, which could be indicative of a clinical improvement. A high prevalence of IR amongst young tuberculosis patients therefore highlights the need for early identification in order to facilitate a reversal of IR and prevent possible IR-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Philips
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janicke Visser
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daan Nel
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Renée Blaauw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Carcamo-Orive I, Huang NF, Quertermous T, Knowles JW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2038-2042. [PMID: 28729365 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to a number of metabolic and cellular abnormalities including endothelial dysfunction that increase the risk of vascular disease. Although it has been particularly challenging to study the genetic determinants that predispose to abnormal function of the endothelium in insulin-resistant states, the possibility of deriving endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells generated from individuals with detailed clinical phenotyping, including accurate measurements of insulin resistance accompanied by multilevel omic data (eg, genetic and genomic characterization), has opened new avenues to study this relationship. Unfortunately, several technical barriers have hampered these efforts. In the present review, we summarize the current status of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells for modeling endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance and discuss the challenges to overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.).
| | - Ngan F Huang
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ocular genetics is an emerging specialty which has accompanied the advancement of modern genetic technology. This review is to understand the current status of practice in ocular genetics in Taiwan. RECENT FINDINGS There is only one ocular genetics clinic in Taiwan. Certified clinical laboratories provide few gene tests in ocular genetics. Most ocular genetic study is focused on myopia. Financial obstacles are a major problem for patients to seek gene tests. SUMMARY Despite a relatively successful, healthcare system in Taiwan, when compared with developed countries, ocular genetics is at an early stage of development. More financial resources and labor are needed to advance clinical care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Lai
- aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital bDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Over the last several decades, the global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased significantly. The raised incidence rate is projected to continue as greater numbers of persons adopt a Western lifestyle and diet. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at heightened risk of both adverse microvascular and cardiovascular events. Moreover, once cardiovascular disease develops, diabetes mellitus exacerbates progression and worsens outcomes. The medical management of patients with diabetes mellitus mandates comprehensive risk factor modification and antiplatelet therapy. Recent clinical trials of new medical therapies continue to inform the care of patients with diabetes mellitus to reduce both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Beckman
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.A.B.); and Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH (M.A.C.).
| | - Mark A Creager
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.A.B.); and Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH (M.A.C.)
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de Mello VD, Matte A, Perfilyev A, Männistö V, Rönn T, Nilsson E, Käkelä P, Ling C, Pihlajamäki J. Human liver epigenetic alterations in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are related to insulin action. Epigenetics 2017; 12:287-295. [PMID: 28277977 PMCID: PMC5398766 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1294305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Additionally, epigenetic modifications may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of NASH. We therefore investigated liver DNA methylation, as a marker for epigenetic alterations, in individuals with simple steatosis and NASH, and further tested if these alterations were associated with clinical phenotypes. Liver biopsies obtained from 95 obese individuals (age: 49.5 ± 7.7 years, BMI: 43 ± 5.7 kg/m2, type 2 diabetes [T2D]: 35) as a wedge biopsy during a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation were investigated. Thirty-four individuals had a normal liver phenotype, 35 had simple steatosis, and 26 had NASH. Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern was analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. mRNA expression was analyzed from 42 individuals using the HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip. We identified 1,292 CpG sites representing 677 unique genes differentially methylated in liver of individuals with NASH (q < 0.001), independently of T2D, age, sex, and BMI. Focusing on the top-ranking 30 and another 37 CpG sites mapped to genes enriched in pathways of metabolism (q = 0.0036) and cancer (q = 0.0001) all together, 59 NASH-associated CpG sites correlated with fasting insulin levels independently of age, fasting glucose, or T2D. From these, we identified 30 correlations between DNA methylation and mRNA expression, for example LDHB (r = -0.45, P = 0.003). We demonstrated that NASH, more than simple steatosis, associates with differential DNA methylation in the human liver. These epigenetic alterations in NASH are linked with insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D. de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ashok Matte
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ville Männistö
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Walford GA, Gustafsson S, Rybin D, Stančáková A, Chen H, Liu CT, Hong J, Jensen RA, Rice K, Morris AP, Mägi R, Tönjes A, Prokopenko I, Kleber ME, Delgado G, Silbernagel G, Jackson AU, Appel EV, Grarup N, Lewis JP, Montasser ME, Landenvall C, Staiger H, Luan J, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Xie W, Morcillo S, Martínez-Larrad MT, Biggs ML, Chen YDI, Corbaton-Anchuelo A, Færch K, Gómez-Zumaquero JM, Goodarzi MO, Kizer JR, Koistinen HA, Leong A, Lind L, Lindgren C, Machicao F, Manning AK, Martín-Núñez GM, Rojo-Martínez G, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Zmuda JM, Zhang Z, Serrano-Rios M, Smith U, Soriguer F, Hansen T, Jørgensen TJ, Linnenberg A, Pedersen O, Walker M, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Wareham NJ, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N, Groop L, O'Connell JR, Boehnke M, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, März W, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Psaty BM, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Meigs JB, Dupuis J, Ingelsson E, Florez JC. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci. Diabetes 2016; 65:3200-11. [PMID: 27416945 PMCID: PMC5033262 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10(-11)), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10(-8)), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10(-8)). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Walford
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Denis Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claes Landenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - Weijia Xie
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Arturo Corbaton-Anchuelo
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Gómez-Zumaquero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain Sequencing and Genotyping Platform, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Fausto Machicao
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gracia María Martín-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospitales Regional Universitario y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Manuel Serrano-Rios
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben J Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linnenberg
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA Group Health Cooperation, Seattle, WA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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76
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Roshandel D, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wolffenbuttel BHR, van der Klauw MM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Atzmon G, Ben-Avraham D, Crandall JP, Barzilai N, Bull SB, Canty AJ, Hosseini SM, Hiraki LT, Maynard J, Sell DR, Monnier VM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Paterson AD. New Locus for Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes Also Associated With Blood and Skin Glycated Proteins. Diabetes 2016; 65:2060-71. [PMID: 27207532 PMCID: PMC4915582 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skin fluorescence (SF) noninvasively measures advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin and is a risk indicator for diabetes complications. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is the only known locus influencing SF. We aimed to identify additional genetic loci influencing SF in type 1 diabetes (T1D) through a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (N = 1,359) including Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) and Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR). A locus on chromosome 1, rs7533564 (P = 1.9 × 10(-9)), was associated with skin intrinsic fluorescence measured by SCOUT DS (excitation 375 nm, emission 435-655 nm), which remained significant after adjustment for time-weighted HbA1c (P = 1.7 × 10(-8)). rs7533564 was associated with mean HbA1c in meta-analysis (P = 0.0225), mean glycated albumin (P = 0.0029), and glyoxal hydroimidazolones (P = 0.049), an AGE measured in skin biopsy collagen, in DCCT. rs7533564 was not associated with diabetes complications in DCCT/EDIC or with SF in subjects without diabetes (nondiabetic [ND]) (N = 8,721). In conclusion, we identified a new locus associated with SF in T1D subjects that did not show similar effect in ND subjects, suggesting a diabetes-specific effect. This association needs to be investigated in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie M van der Klauw
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Department of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danny Ben-Avraham
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jill P Crandall
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Shelley B Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo J Canty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David R Sell
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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77
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Xu K, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zheng X, Gu Y, Wang Z, Cai Y, Dai H, Shi Y, Zheng S, Chen Y, Ji L, Xu X, Chen H, Sun M, Yang T. Type 2 Diabetes Risk Allele UBE2E2 Is Associated With Decreased Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release in Elderly Chinese Han Individuals. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3604. [PMID: 27175665 PMCID: PMC4902507 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, rs163182 in KCNQ1, rs7612463 in UBE2E2, rs7119 in HMG20A, and rs6815464 in MAEA were discovered as type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci unique to Asians, and rs13342692 in SLC16A11 were newly reported as T2D loci in multiethnicities by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. The aim of the present study is to ascertain the potential associations between these variants and T2D risk in the Chinese population, and characterize diabetic-related quantitative traits underlying these variants.A total of 4268 Chinese Han individuals (1754 patients with T2D and 2514 glucose-tolerant health subjects, age ≥40 years) were genotyped for these 5 variants. All the health individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and measures of insulin release and sensitivity were estimated from insulinogenic, BIGTT, Matsuda, and disposition indices. The associations were determined by using logistic regression analysis.After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, rs163182 in KCNQ1 (P = 0.002) and rs7612463 in UBE2E2 (P = 0.024) were found to be associated with T2D risk in Chinese Han population. The risk C allele of rs7612463 in UBE2E2 is associated with decreased IGI (P = 0.001), BIGTT-AIR (P = 0.002), CIR (P = 0.002), and DI (P = 0.006). The other 4 variants did not associate with insulin release or sensitivity.UBE2E2 rs7612463 may mediate its diabetogenic impact on insulin response, which highly depends on the impairment of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanfeng Xu
- From the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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78
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Podgorná E, Diallo I, Vangenot C, Sanchez-Mazas A, Sabbagh A, Černý V, Poloni ES. Variation in NAT2 acetylation phenotypes is associated with differences in food-producing subsistence modes and ecoregions in Africa. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:263. [PMID: 26620671 PMCID: PMC4665893 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary changes associated to shifts in subsistence strategies during human evolution may have induced new selective pressures on phenotypes, as currently held for lactase persistence. Similar hypotheses exist for arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) mediated acetylation capacity, a well-known pharmacogenetic trait with wide inter-individual variation explained by polymorphisms in the NAT2 gene. The environmental causative factor (if any) driving its evolution is as yet unknown, but significant differences in prevalence of acetylation phenotypes are found between hunter-gatherer and food-producing populations, both in sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide, and between agriculturalists and pastoralists in Central Asia. These two subsistence strategies also prevail among sympatric populations of the African Sahel, but knowledge on NAT2 variation among African pastoral nomads was up to now very scarce. Here we addressed the hypothesis of different selective pressures associated to the agriculturalist or pastoralist lifestyles having acted on the evolution of NAT2 by sequencing the gene in 287 individuals from five pastoralist and one agriculturalist Sahelian populations. Results We show that the significant NAT2 genetic structure of African populations is mainly due to frequency differences of three major haplotypes, two of which are categorized as decreased function alleles (NAT2*5B and NAT2*6A), particularly common in populations living in arid environments, and one fast allele (NAT2*12A), more frequently detected in populations living in tropical humid environments. This genetic structure does associate more strongly with a classification of populations according to ecoregions than to subsistence strategies, mainly because most Sahelian and East African populations display little to no genetic differentiation between them, although both regions hold nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralist and sedentary agriculturalist communities. Furthermore, we found significantly higher predicted proportions of slow acetylators in pastoralists than in agriculturalists, but also among food-producing populations living in the Sahelian and dry savanna zones than in those living in humid environments, irrespective of their mode of subsistence. Conclusion Our results suggest a possible independent influence of both the dietary habits associated with subsistence modes and the chemical environment associated with climatic zones and biomes on the evolution of NAT2 diversity in sub-Saharan African populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0543-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Podgorná
- Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, University of Geneva, 12 Rue Gustave-Revilliod, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Issa Diallo
- Département de Linguistique et Langues Nationales, Institut des Sciences des Sociétés, CNRST, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Christelle Vangenot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, University of Geneva, 12 Rue Gustave-Revilliod, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alicia Sanchez-Mazas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, University of Geneva, 12 Rue Gustave-Revilliod, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- IRD, UMR216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France.
| | - Viktor Černý
- Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Estella S Poloni
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, University of Geneva, 12 Rue Gustave-Revilliod, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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