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Duijster JW, Franz E, Neefjes J, Mughini-Gras L. Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens as Risk Factors for Cancers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of Current Epidemiological Knowledge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790256. [PMID: 34956157 PMCID: PMC8692736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of viral infections is well established and documented for many years already. However, the contribution of (commensal) bacteria and parasites to the development and progression of cancers has only recently gained momentum, resulting in a rapid growth of publications on the topic. Indeed, various bacteria and parasites have been suggested to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer in particular. Therefore, an overview of the current epidemiological knowledge on the association between infections with bacteria and parasites and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract is needed. In this review, we summarized the methodological characteristics and main results of epidemiological studies investigating the association of 10 different bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Typhi, and Streptococcus spp.) and three parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Schistosoma spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis) with gastrointestinal cancer. While the large body of studies based on microbiome sequencing provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in cancer patients as compared to individuals with pre-malignant conditions or healthy controls, more research is needed to fulfill Koch's postulates, possibly making use of follow-up data, to assess the complex role of bacterial and parasitic infections in cancer epidemiology. Studies incorporating follow-up time between detection of the bacterium or parasite and cancer diagnosis remain valuable as these allow for estimation of cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W. Duijster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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52
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Marongiu L, Landry JJM, Rausch T, Abba ML, Delecluse S, Delecluse H, Allgayer H. Metagenomic analysis of primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases identifies potential microbial risk factors. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3363-3384. [PMID: 34328665 PMCID: PMC8637581 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paucity of microbiome studies at intestinal tissues has contributed to a yet limited understanding of potential viral and bacterial cofactors of colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis or progression. We analysed whole-genome sequences of CRC primary tumours, their corresponding metastases and matched normal tissue for sequences of viral, phage and bacterial species. Bacteriome analysis showed Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguinis, F. Hwasookii, Anaerococcus mediterraneensis and further species enriched in primary CRCs. The primary CRC of one patient was enriched for F. alocis, S. anginosus, Parvimonas micra and Gemella sp. 948. Enrichment of Escherichia coli strains IAI1, SE11, K-12 and M8 was observed in metastases together with coliphages enterobacteria phage φ80 and Escherichia phage VT2φ_272. Virome analysis showed that phages were the most preponderant viral species (46%), the main families being Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae. Primary CRCs were enriched for bacteriophages, showing five phages (Enterobacteria, Bacillus, Proteus, Streptococcus phages) together with their pathogenic hosts in contrast to normal tissues. The most frequently detected, and Blast-confirmed, viruses included human endogenous retrovirus K113, human herpesviruses 7 and 6B, Megavirus chilensis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), with one patient showing EBV enrichment in primary tumour and metastases. EBV was PCR-validated in 80 pairs of CRC primary tumour and their corresponding normal tissues; in 21 of these pairs (26.3%), it was detectable in primary tumours only. The number of viral species was increased and bacterial species decreased in CRCs compared with normal tissues, and we could discriminate primary CRCs from metastases and normal tissues by applying the Hutcheson t-test on the Shannon indices based on viral and bacterial species. Taken together, our results descriptively support hypotheses on microorganisms as potential (co)risk factors of CRC and extend putative suggestions on critical microbiome species in CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Experimental Surgery – Cancer MetastasisMedical Faculty MannheimRuprecht‐Karls University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | | | - Tobias Rausch
- Genomics Core FacilityEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Mohammed L. Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery – Cancer MetastasisMedical Faculty MannheimRuprecht‐Karls University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | | | | | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery – Cancer MetastasisMedical Faculty MannheimRuprecht‐Karls University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
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Terzić-Vidojević A, Veljović K, Popović N, Tolinački M, Golić N. Enterococci from Raw-Milk Cheeses: Current Knowledge on Safety, Technological, and Probiotic Concerns. Foods 2021; 10:2753. [PMID: 34829034 PMCID: PMC8624194 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the safety, technological characteristics, and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus species from different artisanal raw milk dairy products, mainly cheeses with ripening. Apart from proteolytic and lipolytic activities, most enterococci show the ability to metabolize citrate and convert it to various aromatic compounds. Long-ripened cheeses therefore have a specific flavor that makes them different from cheeses produced from thermally treated milk with commercial starter cultures. In addition, enterococci are producers of bacteriocins effective against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, so they can be used as food preservatives. However, the use of enterococci in the dairy industry should be approached with caution. Although originating from food, enterococci strains may carry various virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and can have many adverse effects on human health. Still, despite their controversial status, the use of enterococci in the food industry is not strictly regulated since the existence of these so-called desirable and undesirable traits in enterococci is a strain-dependent characteristic. To be specific, the results of many studies showed that there are some enterococci strains that are safe for use as starter cultures or as probiotics since they do not carry virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. These strains even exhibit strong health-promoting effects such as stimulation of the immune response, anti-inflammatory activity, hypocholesterolemic action, and usefulness in prevention/treatment of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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54
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Bacteria-Cancer Interface: Awaiting the Perfect Storm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101321. [PMID: 34684270 PMCID: PMC8540461 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence reveal a very close association of malignancies with chronic inflammation as a result of persistent bacterial infection. Recently, more studies have provided experimental evidence for an etiological role of bacterial factors disposing infected tissue towards carcinoma. When healthy cells accumulate genomic insults resulting in DNA damage, they may sustain proliferative signalling, resist apoptotic signals, evade growth suppressors, enable replicative immortality, and induce angiogenesis, thus boosting active invasion and metastasis. Moreover, these cells must be able to deregulate cellular energetics and have the ability to evade immune destruction. How bacterial infection leads to mutations and enriches a tumour-promoting inflammatory response or micro-environment is still not clear. In this review we showcase well-studied bacteria and their virulence factors that are tightly associated with carcinoma and the various mechanisms and pathways that could have carcinogenic properties.
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55
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Li S, Liu J, Zheng X, Ren L, Yang Y, Li W, Fu W, Wang J, Du G. Tumorigenic bacteria in colorectal cancer: mechanisms and treatments. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0651. [PMID: 34586760 PMCID: PMC8832957 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and the second most fatal cancer. In recent years, more attention has been directed toward the role of gut microbiota in the initiation and development of CRC. Some bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella sp. have been associated with CRC, based upon sequencing studies in CRC patients and functional studies in cell culture and animal models. These bacteria can cause host DNA damage by genotoxic substances, including colibactin secreted by pks + Escherichia coli, B. fragilis toxin (BFT) produced by Bacteroides fragilis, and typhoid toxin (TT) from Salmonella. These bacteria can also indirectly promote CRC by influencing host-signaling pathways, such as E-cadherin/β-catenin, TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB, and SMO/RAS/p38 MAPK. Moreover, some of these bacteria can contribute to CRC progression by helping tumor cells to evade the immune response by suppressing immune cell function, creating a proinflammatory environment, or influencing the autophagy process. Treatments with the classical antibacterial drugs, metronidazole or erythromycin, the antibacterial active ingredients, M13@ Ag (electrostatically assembled from inorganic silver nanoparticles and the protein capsid of bacteriophage M13), berberine, and zerumbone, were found to inhibit tumorigenic bacteria to different degrees. In this review, we described progress in elucidating the tumorigenic mechanisms of several CRC-associated bacteria, as well as progress in developing effective antibacterial therapies. Specific bacteria have been shown to be active in the oncogenesis and progression of CRC, and some antibacterial compounds have shown therapeutic potential in bacteria-induced CRC. These bacteria may be useful as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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56
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Marongiu L, Allgayer H. Viruses in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1423-1450. [PMID: 34514694 PMCID: PMC8978519 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microorganisms might represent at least highly interesting cofactors in colorectal cancer (CRC) oncogenesis and progression. Still, associated mechanisms, specifically in colonocytes and their microenvironmental interactions, are still poorly understood. Although, currently, at least seven viruses are being recognized as human carcinogens, only three of these – Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) – have been described, with varying levels of evidence, in CRC. In addition, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with CRC in some publications, albeit not being a fully acknowledged oncovirus. Moreover, recent microbiome studies set increasing grounds for new hypotheses on bacteriophages as interesting additional modulators in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. The present Review summarizes how particular groups of viruses, including bacteriophages, affect cells and the cellular and microbial microenvironment, thereby putatively contributing to foster CRC. This could be achieved, for example, by promoting several processes – such as DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or molecular aspects of cell proliferation, CRC progression and metastasis – not necessarily by direct infection of epithelial cells only, but also by interaction with the microenvironment of infected cells. In this context, there are striking common features of EBV, CMV, HPV and JCV that are able to promote oncogenesis, in terms of establishing latent infections and affecting p53‐/pRb‐driven, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐/EGFR‐associated and especially Wnt/β‐catenin‐driven pathways. We speculate that, at least in part, such viral impacts on particular pathways might be reflected in lasting (e.g. mutational or further genomic) fingerprints of viruses in cells. Also, the complex interplay between several species within the intestinal microbiome, involving a direct or indirect impact on colorectal and microenvironmental cells but also between, for example, phages and bacterial and viral pathogens, and further novel species certainly might, in part, explain ongoing difficulties to establish unequivocal monocausal links between specific viral infections and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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57
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Gu X, Yu T, Guo T, Kong J. A qPCR-based method for rapid quantification of six intestinal homeostasis-relevant bacterial genera in feces. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:895-906. [PMID: 34342236 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Developing efficient methods for monitoring the complex microbial community to rapidly assess the health status. Materials & methods: The qPCR-based method was developed, verified and in situ applied in fecal samples. Results: Six primer pairs with high specificity were designed to perform qPCR assays under a unified reaction condition within 2.5 h. The limits of detection, amplification efficiency and feasibility of the qPCR-based method established here were verified. In situ application of 18 fecal samples showed that the amounts of Bacteroides, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium in colorectal cancer patient feces were obviously lower than those of healthy volunteers. Conclusion: This qPCR-based method was a reliable tool for rapid quantification of the six intestinal homeostasis relevant bacterial genera in feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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58
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Perumal K, Ahmad S, Mohd-Zahid MH, Wan Hanaffi WN, Z.A. I, Six JL, Ferji K, Jaafar J, Boer JC, Plebanski M, Uskoković V, Mohamud R. Nanoparticles and Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.681760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the research area of nanomedicine. There is an increasing optimism that nanotechnology applied to medicine will bring significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), a type of neoplasm affecting cells in the colon or the rectum. Recent findings suggest that the role of microbiota is crucial in the development of CRC and its progression. Dysbiosis is a condition that disturbs the normal microbial environment in the gut and is often observed in CRC patients. In order to detect and treat precancerous lesions, new tools such as nanotechnology-based theranostics, provide a promising option for targeted marker detection or therapy for CRC. Because the presence of gut microbiota influences the route of biomarker detection and the route of the interaction of nanoparticle/drug complexes with target cells, the development of nanoparticles with appropriate sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions and concentrations might overcome this fundamental barrier. Metallic particles are good candidates for nanoparticle-induced intestinal dysbiosis, but this aspect has been poorly explored to date. Herein, we focus on reviewing and discussing nanotechnologies with potential applications in CRC through the involvement of gut microbiota and highlight the clinical areas that would benefit from these new medical technologies.
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59
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Fernández-Hidalgo N, Escolà-Vergé L, Pericàs JM. Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: what's next? Future Microbiol 2021; 15:349-364. [PMID: 32286105 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) is a complex entity in rapid evolution. Although largely relevant findings from recent studies have advanced the knowledge on EFIE and led to some changes in clinical guidelines, there are still a number of gaps to be filled. Coordinated, international, multicenter efforts are needed to obtain quality data that rend the health systems and scientific community prepared enough to understand and handle this infection. In this Perspective, some of the most relevant aspects concerning the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcomes, diagnostic approaches and antibiotic therapy of EFIE are addressed. Also, several potential future clinical developments in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Fernández-Hidalgo
- Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Escolà-Vergé
- Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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Shoji M, Sasaki Y, Abe Y, Nishise S, Yaoita T, Yagi M, Mizumoto N, Kon T, Onozato Y, Sakai T, Umehara M, Ito M, Koseki A, Murakami R, Miyano Y, Sato H, Ueno Y. Characteristics of the gut microbiome profile in obese patients with colorectal cancer. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:498-507. [PMID: 33860101 PMCID: PMC8035457 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Obesity affects the gut microbiome, which in turn increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Several studies have shown the mechanisms by which some bacteria may influence the development of colorectal cancer; however, gut microbiome characteristics in obese patients with colorectal cancer remain unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated their gut microbiome profile and its relationship with metabolic markers. Methods The study assessed fecal samples from 36 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer and 38 controls without colorectal cancer. To identify microbiotic variations between patients with colorectal cancer and controls, as well as between nonobese and obese individuals, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. Results Principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the overall structure of the microbiome among the study groups. The α‐diversity, assessed by the Chao1 index or Shannon index, was higher in patients with colorectal cancer versus controls. The relative abundance of the genera Enterococcus, Capnocytophaga, and Polaribacter was significantly altered in obese patients with colorectal cancer, whose serum low‐density lipoprotein concentrations were positively correlated with the abundance of the genus Enterococcus; among the most abundant species was Enterococcus faecalis, observed at lower levels in obese versus nonobese patients. Conclusions This study demonstrated several compositional alterations of the gut microbiome in patients with colorectal cancer and showed that a reduced presence of E. faecalis may be associated with obesity‐related colorectal cancer development. The gut microbiome may provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms in obesity‐related colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakuni Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Division of Endoscopy Yamagata University Hospital Yamagata Japan
| | | | - Takao Yaoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Makoto Yagi
- Division of Endoscopy Yamagata University Hospital Yamagata Japan
| | - Naoko Mizumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Takashi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yusuke Onozato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Matsuki Umehara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Ayumi Koseki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Ryoko Murakami
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuki Miyano
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
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61
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Bertolino L, Ursi MP, Zampino R, Durante-Mangoni E. Associating enterococcal endocarditis and colorectal neoplasia: is colonoscopy mandatory? - Authors' reply. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 85:114-115. [PMID: 33390321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bertolino
- Department of Advanced Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli' Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Ursi
- Department of Advanced Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli' Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Zampino
- Department of Advanced Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli' Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli' Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Hernández-Quiroz F, Murugesan S, Velazquez-Martínez C, Villalobos-Flores LE, Maya-Lucas O, Piña-Escobedo A, García-González I, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Lambert PF, Gariglio P, García-Mena J. The vaginal and fecal microbiota of a murine cervical carcinoma model under synergistic effect of 17β-Estradiol and E7 oncogene expression. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104763. [PMID: 33529736 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an important health issue worldwide. Many factors are related to this condition as the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (e.g. type 16 and 18), the use of hormonal contraceptives for long periods of time, pH changes and bacterial vaginosis. The association between the microbiota and cervical human cancer is an interesting issue to be explored; given that environmental and hormonal factors may change the vaginal microbiota contributing to this condition. Our hypothesis was that changes in the microbiota diversity is associated with the development of cervical cancer. We evaluated the microbiota diversity in vaginal lavages and fecal samples at different stages of cervical cancer development in a mice model (K14HPV16E7) with type 16 E7 oncogene expression (E7), under continuous or not continuous stimulus of 17β-estradiol (E2) and compared it with a non-transgenic isogenic control (FVB) under same conditions. Our results indicate that continuous E2 administration during 6 months in the model with type 16 E7 expression causing development of cancer, is associated with significant changes in the microbiota diversity of the cervicovaginal lavages. Similar results were not observed in the same model when no E2 was administered to the mice. The FVB mice with no E7 expression which do not develop cervical cancer, did not show comparable changes in the microbiota diversity when E2 was administered during the same period. Normal evolution of the cervical epithelium and microbiota diversity were observed for the FVB mice with no E2 administration. Large changes in the microbiota diversity in fecal samples were not observed suggesting a specific organ effect of E7 expression associated to E2 on the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Selvasankar Murugesan
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Velazquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Loan Edel Villalobos-Flores
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Otoniel Maya-Lucas
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Igrid García-González
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
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Grenda A, Krawczyk P. Cancer trigger or remedy: two faces of the human microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1395-1405. [PMID: 33492450 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, increasing attention cancer treatment has focused on molecularly targeted therapies and more recently on immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints. However, even such advanced treatment may be ineffective. The reasons for this are sought, inter alia, in the human microbiome. In our intestines, there are bacteria that are beneficial to us, but pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is now perceived as one of the gateways to cancer. However, it is feasible to use bacteria and their metabolites to restore the natural, beneficial microbiome during oncological treatment. Akkermansia mucinifila, Enterococcus hirae, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are bacteria that exhibit this beneficial potential. Greater benefits of therapy can be observed in cancer patients enriched in these bacterial species and treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we present issues related to the role of bacteria in carcinogenesis and their therapeutic potential "supporting" modern anti-cancer therapies.Key Points• Bacteria can be directly or indirectly a cancer trigger.• Bacterial metabolites regulate the pathways associated with carcinogenesis.• Intestinal bacteria activate the immune system to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Pericàs JM, Ambrosioni J, Muñoz P, de Alarcón A, Kestler M, Mari-Hualde A, Moreno A, Goenaga MÁ, Fariñas MC, Rodríguez-Álvarez R, Ojeda-Burgos G, Gálvez-Acebal J, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Noureddine M, Miró JM. Prevalence of Colorectal Neoplasms Among Patients With Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis in the GAMES Cohort (2008-2017). Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:132-146. [PMID: 33413809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) in patients who have Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) with available colonoscopies and to assess whether this is associated with the identification of a focus the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from a prospective multicenter study involving 35 centers who are members of the Grupo de Apoyo para el Manejo de la Endocarditis en España [Support Group for the Management of Infective Endocarditis in Spain] cohort. A specific set of queries regarding information on colonoscopy and histopathology of colorectal diseases was sent to each participating center. Four-hundred sixty-seven patients with EFIE were included from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, from whom data on colonoscopy performance and results were available in 411 patients. RESULTS One hundred forty-two (34.5%) patients had a colonoscopy close to the EFIE episode. The overall rate of colorectal diseases was 70.4% (100 of 142), whereas the prevalence of CRN (advanced adenomas and colorectal carcinoma) was 14.8% (21 of 142), with no significant differences between the group of EFIE of unknown focus and that with an identified focus. CONCLUSION Our study adds to prior evidence suggesting a much higher rate of CRN among patients with EFIE than in the general population of the same age and sex. In addition, our findings suggest that this phenomenon might take place both in EFIE with an unknown and an identified source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pericàs
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Martha Kestler
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Mari-Hualde
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Goenaga
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariam Noureddine
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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65
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Cheng Y, Ling Z, Li L. The Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:615056. [PMID: 33329610 PMCID: PMC7734048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, composed of a large population of microorganisms, is often considered a “forgotten organ” in human health and diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC). The roles for intestinal microorganisms that initiated and facilitated the CRC process are becoming increasingly clear. Hypothesis models have been proposed to illustrate the complex relationship between the intestinal microbiota and CRC. Recent studies have identified Streptococcus bovis, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius as CRC candidate pathogens. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms involved in microbiota-related colorectal carcinogenesis, including inflammation, pathogenic bacteria, and their virulence factors, genotoxins, oxidative stress, bacterial metabolites, and biofilm. We also described the clinical values of intestinal microbiota and novel strategies for preventing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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66
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Kim M, Lee ST, Choi S, Lee H, Kwon SS, Byun JH, Kim YA, Rhee KJ, Choi JR, Kim TI, Lee K. Fusobacterium nucleatum in biopsied tissues from colorectal cancer patients and alcohol consumption in Korea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19915. [PMID: 33199749 PMCID: PMC7669878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of individual bacteria and their relationship in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CRC-associated bacteria using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) or 16S rRNA analysis and the statistical correlations of patient demographics and clinical characteristics comprising alcohol consumption with CRC-associated bacteria. We determined the prevalence of five CRC-associated bacterial species in 38 CRC patients (39 samples) and 21 normal individuals using qPCR, and the relative abundance of bacterial taxa in the gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA analysis. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the only bacterium that was significantly (P < 0.0001) more prevalent in the cancer tissue (82.1%) than in the normal tissue (0%) by qPCR. 16S rRNA analysis showed a significant correlation between six operational taxonomic units (OTUs), namely, the genera Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Collinsella, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Gemella, in patients with CRC. An integrated analysis using 16S rRNA data and epidemiological characteristics showed that alcohol consumption was significantly correlated with the abundance of Fusobacterium OTUs. The correlation of alcohol consumption with the abundance of Fusobacterium OTUs in cancer tissue discovered using 16S rRNA analysis suggests a possible link between alcohol metabolism and subsequent tumorigenesis caused by F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsook Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Songyi Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sun Sung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Byun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeonsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young Ah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University College of Health Sciences, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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67
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Vacante M, Ciuni R, Basile F, Biondi A. Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Development: A Closer Look to the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E489. [PMID: 33182693 PMCID: PMC7697438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is wide evidence that CRC could be prevented by regular physical activity, keeping a healthy body weight, and following a healthy and balanced diet. Many sporadic CRCs develop via the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway, starting as premalignant lesions represented by conventional, tubular or tubulovillous adenomas. The gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating the host metabolism and also contribute to preserve intestinal barrier function and an effective immune response against pathogen colonization. The microbiota composition is different among people, and is conditioned by many environmental factors, such as diet, chemical exposure, and the use of antibiotic or other medication. The gut microbiota could be directly involved in the development of colorectal adenomas and the subsequent progression to CRC. Specific gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, could be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Potential mechanisms of CRC progression may include DNA damage, promotion of chronic inflammation, and release of bioactive carcinogenic metabolites. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC, and discuss major mechanisms of microbiota-related progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.B.)
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68
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Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis associated with colorectal cancer: A case report. COR ET VASA 2020. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2019.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Bacteria Residing at Root Canals Can Induce Cell Proliferation and Alter the Mechanical Properties of Gingival and Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217914. [PMID: 33114460 PMCID: PMC7672538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease also leads to an expansion of the knowledge on functional, metabolic, and molecular alterations directly contributing to oral and systemic pathologies. To date, a compelling number of studies have documented the crucial role of some oral cavity-occurring microbes in the initiation and progression of cancers. Although this effect was noted primarily for Fusobacterium spp., the potential impact of other oral microbes is also worthy of investigation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Propionibacterium acnes on the proliferation capability and mechanical features of gingival cells and cell lines derived from lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. For this purpose, we incubated selected cell lines with heat-inactivated bacteria and supernatants collected from biofilms, cultured in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, in the presence of surgically removed teeth and human saliva. The effect of oral bacteria on cell population growth is variable, with the highest growth-promoting abilities observed for E. faecalis in relation to human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and lung cancer A549 cells, and P. acnes in relation to breast cancer MCF-7 and ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Notably, this effect seems to depend on a delicate balance between the pro-stimulatory and toxic effects of bacterial-derived products. Regardless of the diverse effect of bacterial products on cellular proliferation capability, we observed significant alterations in stiffness of gingival and lung cancer cells stimulated with E. faecalis bacteria and corresponding biofilm supernatants, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diseases in oral cavities and tooth tissues. Accordingly, it is proposed that analysis of cancerogenic features of oral cavity bacteria should be multivariable and should include investigation of potential alterations in cell mechanical properties. These findings corroborate the important role of oral hygiene and root canal treatment to assure the healthy stage of oral microbiota.
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70
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Silva MC, Fernandes Â, Oliveira M, Resende C, Correia A, de-Freitas-Junior JC, Lavelle A, Andrade-da-Costa J, Leander M, Xavier-Ferreira H, Bessa J, Pereira C, Henrique RM, Carneiro F, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Marcos-Pinto R, Lima M, Lepenies B, Sokol H, Machado JC, Vilanova M, Pinho SS. Glycans as Immune Checkpoints: Removal of Branched N-glycans Enhances Immune Recognition Preventing Cancer Progression. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1407-1425. [PMID: 32933968 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth is accompanied with dramatic changes in the cellular glycome, such as the aberrant expression of complex branched N-glycans. However, the role of this protumoral N-glycan in immune evasion and whether its removal contributes to enhancement of immune recognition and to unleashing an antitumor immune response remain elusive. We demonstrated that branched N-glycans are used by colorectal cancer cells to escape immune recognition, instructing the creation of immunosuppressive networks through inhibition of IFNγ. The removal of this "glycan-mask" exposed immunogenic mannose glycans that potentiated immune recognition by DC-SIGN-expressing immune cells, resulting in an effective antitumor immune response. We revealed a glycoimmune checkpoint in colorectal cancer, highlighting the therapeutic efficacy of its deglycosylation to potentiate immune recognition and, thus, improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Silva
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Resende
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio C de-Freitas-Junior
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jéssica Andrade-da-Costa
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Leander
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Xavier-Ferreira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Bessa
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Group (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Henrique
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos-Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Paris, France.,INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - José C Machado
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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71
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Enterococci, from Harmless Bacteria to a Pathogen. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081118. [PMID: 32722391 PMCID: PMC7463792 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are gastrointestinal commensals whose hardiness allowed them to colonize very diverse environments, including soils, water, food, and feed. This ability to overcome adverse conditions makes enterococci problematic once they colonize hospital niches. Together with the malleability of their genomes, the capacity to acquire and disseminate determinants of antibiotic resistance has contributed to converting what was once just another opportunistic pathogen into a first-class clinical problem. This review discusses the dimension of the emergence of enterococcal resistance to key antimicrobial agents, the dissemination of this resistance, and its significance in terms of public health, with the aim of raising awareness of the need to devise and implement surveillance programs and more effective antibiotic stewardship.
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72
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Alterations in the Gut Microbiome and Suppression of Histone Deacetylases by Resveratrol Are Associated with Attenuation of Colonic Inflammation and Protection Against Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061796. [PMID: 32526927 PMCID: PMC7355848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to significantly increase the risk for development of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting inflammation and cancer development are closely intertwined. Thus, agents that suppress inflammation may prevent the onset of cancer. In the current study, we used resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory stilbenoid, to study the role of microbiota in preventing inflammation-driven CRC. Resveratrol treatment in the azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) CRC murine model caused an increase in anti-inflammatory CD4 + FOXP3 + (Tregs) and CD4 + IL10 + cells, a decrease in proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, and attenuated CRC development. Gut microbial profile studies demonstrated that resveratrol altered the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA), with modest increases in n-butyric acid and a potential butyrate precursor isobutyric acid. Fecal transfer from resveratrol-treated CRC mice and butyrate supplementation resulted in attenuation of disease and suppression of the inflammatory T cell response. Data also revealed both resveratrol and sodium butyrate (BUT) were capable of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), correlating with Treg induction. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed increased expression of Treg-specific transcription factor FoxP3 or anti-inflammatory IL-10 resulted in an increase in 5-year survival of patients with CRC. These data suggest that alterations in the gut microbiome lead to an anti-inflammatory T cell response, leading to attenuation of inflammation-driven CRC.
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73
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Zhou X, Chen C, Zhong YN, Zhao F, Hao Z, Xu Y, Lai R, Shen G, Yin X. Effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of colorectal cancer based on intestinal flora disorder. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1023-1031. [PMID: 31788852 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between the level of circulating vitamin D and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to clarify the effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of CRC. METHODS Serum samples from 63 patients with CRC (CRC group) and 61 healthy volunteers (normal group) were collected. Azoxymethane + dextran sodium sulfate-induced CRC mouse model and dietary models with different doses of vitamin D were established to verify whether vitamin D supplementation could reverse the occurrence and development of CRC at the overall animal level. Intestinal barrier integrity and microbial defense response were evaluated by detection of intestinal flora and expression of related genes. RESULTS In the clinical serum samples, compared with the normal group, the level of 25 (OH) D3 in the CRC group was relatively low (P < 0.01), which was consistent with the clinical situation in mice. Vitamin D deficiency aggravated the deterioration of enteritis and intestinal cancer in CRC mice, whereas the overall condition of CRC mice improved after vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D has a significant regulatory effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal flora, particularly in the regulation of intestinal probiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated colon barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to the high incidence of CRC, and vitamin D supplementation can inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Vitamin D plays a role in the reversal of CRC mainly through the regulation of intestinal flora, especially the regulation of A. muciniphila-mediated colon barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ya' Nan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinxue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ran Lai
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guifang Shen
- Health Screening Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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74
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Rad AH, Aghebati-Maleki L, Kafil HS, Abbasi A. Molecular mechanisms of postbiotics in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1787-1803. [PMID: 32410512 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rising expeditiously and anticipated that 2.4 million new occasions of CRC will be detected yearly around the world until the year 2035. Due to some side-effects and complications of conventional CRC therapies, bioactive components such as microbial-derived biomolecules (postbiotics) have been attaining great significance by researchers for adjuvant therapy in CRC patients. The term 'postbiotics' encompasses an extensive range of complex micro- and macro-molecules (<50, 50-100, and 100< kDa) such as inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions or metabolites, which confer various physiological health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Postbiotics modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and the functionality of the immune system, as well as promote the CRC treatment effectiveness and reduces its side-effects in CRC patients due to possessing anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Presently scientific literature confirms that postbiotics with their unique characteristics in terms of clinical (safe origin), technological (stability), and economic (low production costs) aspects can be used as promising tools for both prevent and adjuvant treat strategies in CRC patients without any serious undesirable side-effects. This review provides an overview of the concept and safety issues regarding postbiotics, with emphasis on their biological role in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's research committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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75
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Forgie AJ, Drall KM, Bourque SL, Field CJ, Kozyrskyj AL, Willing BP. The impact of maternal and early life malnutrition on health: a diet-microbe perspective. BMC Med 2020; 18:135. [PMID: 32393275 PMCID: PMC7216331 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life malnutrition may have long-lasting effects on microbe-host interactions that affect health and disease susceptibility later in life. Diet quality and quantity in conjunction with toxin and pathogen exposure are key contributors to microbe-host physiology and malnutrition. Consequently, it is important to consider both diet- and microbe-induced pathologies as well as their interactions underlying malnutrition. MAIN BODY Gastrointestinal immunity and digestive function are vital to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiota. Childhood malnutrition can be impacted by numerous factors including gestational malnutrition, early life antibiotic use, psychological stress, food allergy, hygiene, and exposure to other chemicals and pollutants. These factors can contribute to reoccurring environmental enteropathy, a condition characterized by the expansion of commensal pathobionts and environmental pathogens. Reoccurring intestinal dysfunction, particularly during the critical window of development, may be a consequence of diet-microbe interactions and may lead to life-long immune and metabolic programming and increased disease risk. We provide an overview of the some key factors implicated in the progression of malnutrition (protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) and discuss the microbiota during early life that may contribute health risk later in life. CONCLUSION Identifying key microbe-host interactions, particularly those associated with diet and malnutrition requires well-controlled dietary studies. Furthering our understanding of diet-microbe-host interactions will help to provide better strategies during gestation and early life to promote health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Kelsea M. Drall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Anita L. Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
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76
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Gaines S, van Praagh JB, Williamson AJ, Jacobson RA, Hyoju S, Zaborin A, Mao J, Koo HY, Alpert L, Bissonnette M, Weichselbaum R, Gilbert J, Chang E, Hyman N, Zaborina O, Shogan BD, Alverdy JC. Western Diet Promotes Intestinal Colonization by Collagenolytic Microbes and Promotes Tumor Formation After Colorectal Surgery. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:958-970.e2. [PMID: 31655031 PMCID: PMC7062578 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Western diet, which is high in fat, is a modifiable risk factor for colorectal recurrence after curative resection. We investigated the mechanisms by which the Western diet promotes tumor recurrence, including changes in the microbiome, in mice that underwent colorectal resection. METHODS BALB/c male mice were fed either standard chow diet or Western-type diet (characterized by high fat, no fiber, and decreased minerals and vitamins) for 4 weeks; some mice were given antibiotics or ABA-PEG20k-Pi20 (Pi-PEG), which inhibits collagenase production by bacteria, but not bacterial growth, in drinking water. Colorectal resections and anastomoses were then performed. The first day after surgery, mice were given enemas containing a collagenolytic rodent-derived strain of Enterococcus faecalis (strain E2), and on the second day they were given mouse colon carcinoma cells (CT26). Twenty-one days later, distal colons were removed, and colon contents (feces, distal colon, and tumor) were collected. Colon tissues were analyzed by histology for the presence of collagenolytic colonies and by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, which determined the anatomic distribution of E faecalis at the site of the anastomosis and within tumors using in situ hybridization. Mouse imaging analyses were used to identify metastases. RESULTS Colorectal tumors were found in 88% of mice fed the Western diet and given antibiotics, surgery, and E faecalis compared with only 30% of mice fed the standard diet followed by the same procedures. Colon tumor formation correlated with the presence of collagenolytic E faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotics eliminated collagenolytic E faecalis and P mirabilis but did not reduce tumor formation. However, antibiotics promoted emergence of Candida parapsilosis, a collagenase-producing microorganism. Administration of a Pi-PEG reduced tumor formation and maintained diversity of the colon microbiome. CONCLUSIONS We identified a mechanisms by which diet and antibiotic use can promote tumorigenesis by colon cancer cells at the anastomosis after colorectal surgery. Strategies to prevent emergence of these microbe communities or their enzymatic activities might be used to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gaines
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jasper B. van Praagh
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard A. Jacobson
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sanjiv Hyoju
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jun Mao
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hyun Y. Koo
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lindsay Alpert
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Jack Gilbert
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eugene Chang
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Neil Hyman
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Olga Zaborina
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - John C. Alverdy
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: John C. Alverdy, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 6090, Chicago, IL, 60637, Phone: 773-702-4876 Fax: 773-834-0201,
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77
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Szczepaniak A, Fichna J, Zielińska M. Opioids in Cancer Development, Progression and Metastasis: Focus on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 31970561 PMCID: PMC6976545 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT So far, opioids have been successfully used to reduce cancer pain in patients in order to improve their quality of life. However, the use of opioids leads to numerous side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, nausea, itching, increased sweating and hormonal changes. In this review, we described the action of opioids in several molecular pathways significant for maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis including the impact on the intestinal epithelium integrity, changes in microbiome composition, modulation of the immune system or induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. We summed up the role of individual opioids in the processes involved in the growth and development of cancer and elucidated if targeting opioid receptors may constitute novel therapeutic option in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Szczepaniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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78
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Gu S, Zaidi S, Hassan I, Mohammad T, Malta TM, Noushmehr H, Nguyen B, Crandall KA, Srivastav J, Obias V, Lin P, Nguyen BN, Yao M, Yao R, King CH, Mazumder R, Mishra B, Rao S, Mishra L. Mutated CEACAMs Disrupt Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling and Alter the Intestinal Microbiome to Promote Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:238-252. [PMID: 31585122 PMCID: PMC7124154 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We studied interactions among proteins of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family, which interact with microbes, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway, which is often altered in colorectal cancer cells. We investigated mechanisms by which CEACAM proteins inhibit TGFB signaling and alter the intestinal microbiome to promote colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS We collected data on DNA sequences, messenger RNA expression levels, and patient survival times from 456 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases, and a separate set of 594 samples of colorectal adenocarcinomas, in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses of feces from wild-type mice and mice with defects in TGFB signaling (Sptbn1+/- and Smad4+/-/Sptbn1+/-) to identify changes in microbiota composition before development of colon tumors. CEACAM protein and its mutants were overexpressed in SW480 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines, which were analyzed by immunoblotting and proliferation and colony formation assays. RESULTS In colorectal adenocarcinomas, high expression levels of genes encoding CEACAM proteins, especially CEACAM5, were associated with reduced survival times of patients. There was an inverse correlation between expression of CEACAM genes and expression of TGFB pathway genes (TGFBR1, TGFBR2, and SMAD3). In colorectal adenocarcinomas, we also found an inverse correlation between expression of genes in the TGFB signaling pathway and genes that regulate stem cell features of cells. We found mutations encoding L640I and A643T in the B3 domain of human CEACAM5 in colorectal adenocarcinomas; structural studies indicated that these mutations would alter the interaction between CEACAM5 and TGFBR1. Overexpression of these mutants in SW480 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines increased their anchorage-independent growth and inhibited TGFB signaling to a greater extent than overexpression of wild-type CEACAM5, indicating that they are gain-of-function mutations. Compared with feces from wild-type mice, feces from mice with defects in TGFB signaling had increased abundance of bacterial species that have been associated with the development of colon tumors, including Clostridium septicum, and decreased amounts of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides vulgatus and Parabacteroides distasonis. CONCLUSION We found expression of CEACAMs and genes that regulate stem cell features of cells to be increased in colorectal adenocarcinomas and inversely correlated with expression of TGFB pathway genes. We found colorectal adenocarcinomas to express mutant forms of CEACAM5 that inhibit TGFB signaling and increase proliferation and colony formation. We propose that CEACAM proteins disrupt TGFB signaling, which alters the composition of the intestinal microbiome to promote colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Gu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sobia Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tathiane M. Malta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bryan Nguyen
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith A. Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Vincent Obias
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ren Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Hadley King
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raja Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bibhuti Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shuyun Rao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
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79
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Hyoju SK, Adriaansens C, Wienholts K, Sharma A, Keskey R, Arnold W, van Dalen D, Gottel N, Hyman N, Zaborin A, Gilbert J, van Goor H, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Low-fat/high-fibre diet prehabilitation improves anastomotic healing via the microbiome: an experimental model. Br J Surg 2019; 107:743-755. [PMID: 31879948 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both obesity and the presence of collagenolytic bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis) can increase the risk of anastomotic leak. The aim of this study was to determine whether mice chronically fed a high-fat Western-type diet (WD) develop anastomotic leak in association with altered microbiota, and whether this can be mitigated by a short course of standard chow diet (SD; low fat/high fibre) before surgery. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either SD or an obesogenic WD for 6 weeks followed by preoperative antibiotics and colonic anastomosis. Microbiota were analysed longitudinally after operation and correlated with healing using an established anastomotic healing score. In reiterative experiments, mice fed a WD for 6 weeks were exposed to a SD for 2, 4 and 6 days before colonic surgery, and anastomotic healing and colonic microbiota analysed. RESULTS Compared with SD-fed mice, WD-fed mice demonstrated an increased risk of anastomotic leak, with a bloom in the abundance of Enterococcus in lumen and expelled stool (65-90 per cent for WD versus 4-15 per cent for SD; P = 0·010 for lumen, P = 0·013 for stool). Microbiota of SD-fed mice, but not those fed WD, were restored to their preoperative composition after surgery. Anastomotic healing was significantly improved when WD-fed mice were exposed to a SD diet for 2 days before antibiotics and surgery (P < 0·001). CONCLUSION The adverse effects of chronic feeding of a WD on the microbiota and anastomotic healing can be prevented by a short course of SD in mice. Surgical relevance Worldwide, enhanced recovery programmes have developed into standards of care that reduce major complications after surgery, such as surgical-site infections and anastomotic leak. A complementary effort termed prehabilitation includes preoperative approaches such as smoking cessation, exercise and dietary modification. This study investigated whether a short course of dietary prehabilitation in the form of a low-fat/high-fibre composition can reverse the adverse effect of a high-fat Western-type diet on anastomotic healing in mice. Intake of a Western-type diet had a major adverse effect on both the intestinal microbiome and anastomotic healing following colonic anastomosis in mice. This could be reversed when mice received a low-fat/high-fibre diet before operation. Taken together, these data suggest that dietary modifications before major surgery can improve surgical outcomes via their effects on the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hyoju
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Adriaansens
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K Wienholts
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Keskey
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - W Arnold
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D van Dalen
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N Gottel
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hyman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Zaborin
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - H van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - O Zaborina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J C Alverdy
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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80
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Reis SAD, da Conceição LL, Peluzio MDCG. Intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer: changes in the intestinal microenvironment and their relation to the disease. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1391-1407. [PMID: 31424382 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools that predict the risk of colorectal cancer are important for early diagnosis, given the high mortality rate for this cancer. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is now considered to be a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. This discovery has motivated a growing number of studies to identify the micro-organisms responsible for the onset and/or progression of colorectal cancer. With this in mind, this review discusses the relationship between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. Prospective and case-control studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota of individuals with colorectal cancer usually contains a greater proportion of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases, as well as bacteria that produce toxins and carcinogenic metabolites. In contrast, there tends to be a reduced presence of butyric acid-producing bacteria, probiotic bacteria and potentially probiotic bacteria. Despite these differences, the onset and development of colorectal cancer cannot be attributed to a specific micro-organism. Thus, studies focused on the formation of the intestinal microbiota and factors that modulate its composition are important for the development of approaches for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aparecida Dos Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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81
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Geravand M, Fallah P, Yaghoobi MH, Soleimanifar F, Farid M, Zinatizadeh N, Yaslianifard S. INVESTIGATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS POPULATION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYP AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN COMPARISON OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:141-145. [PMID: 31460576 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. One of the factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer is the changes in the normal flora of the intestine. OBJECTIVE In this study, the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in people with polyps and people with colorectal cancer has been evaluated in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS In this study, 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 patients with intestinal polyps were selected and stool specimens were taken. In addition, 24 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the stool sample were performed. The molecular methods of PCR for confirmation of standard strain and absolute Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method were used to evaluate the number of Enterococcus faecalis in the studied groups. RESULTS The results of this study indicate that the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in patients with colorectal cancer was 11.2x109 per gram of stool, and in patients with polyps was 9.4x108 per gram of stool. In healthy people, this number was 9x108 per gram of stool. There was a significant difference between the implicit copy numbers in the three groups. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Enterococcus faecalis in faecal flora of people with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than those with polyps and healthy people. This could potentially signify the ability of this bacterium to induce colorectal cancer. More studies are needed to prove this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Geravand
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayat Yaghoobi
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malihe Farid
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Karaj, IR Iran.,Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Karaj, IR Iran
| | - Nazi Zinatizadeh
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Karaj, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Karaj, Iran.,Alborz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Karaj, Iran
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82
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Baccouri O, Boukerb AM, Farhat LB, Zébré A, Zimmermann K, Domann E, Cambronel M, Barreau M, Maillot O, Rincé I, Muller C, Marzouki MN, Feuilloley M, Abidi F, Connil N. Probiotic Potential and Safety Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis OB14 and OB15, Isolated From Traditional Tunisian Testouri Cheese and Rigouta, Using Physiological and Genomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:881. [PMID: 31105672 PMCID: PMC6491886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains OB14 and OB15 were isolated from traditional Tunisian fermented dairy products, Testouri cheese and Rigouta, respectively. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by the MALDI TOF-MS (matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) biotyper system and molecular assays (species-specific PCR). These new isolates were evaluated for probiotic properties, compared to E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 clone DSM 16431, as reference. The bacteria were found to be tolerant to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (acidity and bile salt). They were low to moderate biofilm producers, can adhere to Caco-2/TC7 intestinal cells and strengthen the intestinal barrier through the increase of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and erythromycin has been tested using the broth microdilutions method. The results demonstrated that E. faecalis OB14 and OB15 were sensitive to the clinically important ampicillin (MIC = 1 μg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC = 2 μg/mL) antibiotics. However, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) showed the presence of tetracycline resistance and cytolysin genes in E. faecalis OB14, and this led to high mortality of Galleria Mellonella larvae in the virulence test. Hierarchical cluster analysis by MALDI TOF-MS biotyper showed that E. faecalis OB15 was closely related to the E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 probiotic strain than to OB14, and this has been confirmed by WGS using the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Genome-to-Genome Hybridization similarity methods. According to these results, E. faecalis OB15 seems to be reliable for future development as probiotic, in food or feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Baccouri
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Leila Ben Farhat
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Arthur Zébré
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | | | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mélyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Olivier Maillot
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | | | | | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Ferid Abidi
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
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Bolocan AS, Upadrasta A, Bettio PHDA, Clooney AG, Draper LA, Ross RP, Hill C. Evaluation of Phage Therapy in the Context of Enterococcus faecalis and Its Associated Diseases. Viruses 2019; 11:E366. [PMID: 31010053 PMCID: PMC6521178 DOI: 10.3390/v11040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) or bacterial viruses have been proposed as natural antimicrobial agents to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with human infections. Enterococcus faecalis is a gut commensal, which is occasionally found in the mouth and vaginal tract, and does not usually cause clinical problems. However, it can spread to other areas of the body and cause life-threatening infections, such as septicemia, endocarditis, or meningitis, in immunocompromised hosts. Although E. faecalis phage cocktails are not commercially available within the EU or USA, there is an accumulated evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that have shown phage efficacy, which supports the idea of applying phage therapy to overcome infections associated with E. faecalis. In this review, we discuss the potency of bacteriophages in controlling E. faecalis, in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. E. faecalis associated bacteriophages were compared at the genome level and an attempt was made to categorize phages with respect to their suitability for therapeutic application, using orthocluster analysis. In addition, E. faecalis phages have been examined for the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, to ensure their safe use in clinical conditions. Finally, the domain architecture of E. faecalis phage-encoded endolysins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei S Bolocan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Aditya Upadrasta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Pedro H de Almeida Bettio
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Adam G Clooney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
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84
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De Almeida CV, Lulli M, di Pilato V, Schiavone N, Russo E, Nannini G, Baldi S, Borrelli R, Bartolucci G, Menicatti M, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Niccolai E, Prisco D, Rossolini GM, Amedei A. Differential Responses of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines to Enterococcus faecalis' Strains Isolated from Healthy Donors and Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030388. [PMID: 30897751 PMCID: PMC6463247 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolites produced by the host’s gut microbiota have an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, but can also act as toxins and induce DNA damage in colorectal epithelial cells increasing the colorectal cancer (CRC) chance. In this scenario, the impact of some of the components of the natural human gastrointestinal microbiota, such as Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), at the onset of CRC progression remains controversial. Since under dysbiotic conditions it could turn into a pathogen, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of E. faecalis’ strains (isolated from CRC patients and healthy subjects’ stools) on the proliferation of different colorectal cells lines. First, we isolated and genotyping characterized the Enterococcus faecalis’ strains. Then, we analyzed the proliferation index (by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay) of three tumor and one normal intestinal cell lines, previously exposed to E. faecalis strains pre-cultured medium. Stool samples of CRC patients demonstrated a reduced frequency of E. faecalis compared to healthy subjects. In addition, the secreted metabolites of E. faecalis’ strains, isolated from healthy donors, decreased the human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-8 and human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116 cell proliferation without effects on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW620 and on normal human diploid cell line CLR-1790. Notably, the metabolites of the strains isolated from CRC patients did not influence the cell growth of CRC cell lines. Our results demonstrated a new point of view in the investigation of E. faecalis’ role in CRC development, which raises awareness of the importance of not only associating the presence/absence of a unique microorganism, but also in defining the specific characteristics of the different investigated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Rossella Borrelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50134 Florence, Italy.
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85
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Effect of the Chinese Medicine YangZheng XiaoJi on Reducing Fatigue in Mice with Orthotopic Transplantation of Colon Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3870812. [PMID: 30891076 PMCID: PMC6390313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3870812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Fatigue is a common, distressing, and persistent symptom for patients with malignant tumor including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although studies of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) have sprung out in recent years, the pathophysiological mechanisms that induce CRF remain unclear, and effective therapeutic interventions have yet to be established. Methods To investigate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine YangZheng XiaoJi (YZXJ) on CRF, we constructed orthotopic colon cancer mice, randomly divided into YZXJ group and control (NS) group. Physical or mental fatigue was respectively assessed by swimming exhaustion time or suspension tail resting time. At the end of the experiment, serum was collected to measure the expression level of inflammatory factors by ELISA and feces to microbiota changes by 16s rDNA, and hepatic glycogen content was detected via the anthrone method. Result The nutritional status of the YZXJ group was better than that of the control group, and there was no statistical difference in tumor weight. The swimming exhaustion times of YZXJ group and control group were (162.80 ± 14.67) s and (117.60 ± 13.42, P < 0.05) s, respectively; the suspension tail resting time of YZXJ group was shorter than that of the control group (49.85 ± 4.56) s and (68.83 ± 7.26) s, P < 0.05)). Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in YZXJ group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Liver glycogen in YZXJ group was (5.18 ± 3.11) mg/g liver tissue, which was significantly higher than that in control group (2.95 ± 2.06) mg/g liver tissue (P < 0.05). At phylum level, increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria and decreased Proteobacteria in YZXJ group emerged as the top differences between the two groups, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased in YZXJ group compared to the control group. At genus level, the abundance of Parabacteroides, unidentified Saprospiraceae, and Elizabethkingia which all belong to phylum Bacteroidetes were increased, while Arcobacter, Marinobacter, Alkanindiges, Sulfuricurvum, Haliangium, and Thiobacillus in phylum Proteobacteria were decreased after YZXJ intervention. YZXJ can also increase Pirellula, Microbacterium, and Alpinimonas and decrease Rubrobacter and Iamia. Conclusion YZXJ may reduce the physical and mental fatigue caused by colorectal cancer by inhibiting inflammatory reaction, promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis, and changing the composition of intestinal microbiota.
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The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030501. [PMID: 30682772 PMCID: PMC6387318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.
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87
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Insights Into the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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