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Uechi T, Kenmochi N. Zebrafish Models of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: A Tool for Understanding the Disease Pathogenesis and Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040151. [PMID: 31600948 PMCID: PMC6958429 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by red blood cell aplasia. Currently, mutations in 19 ribosomal protein genes have been identified in patients. However, the pathogenic mechanism of DBA remains unknown. Recently, several DBA models were generated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of disease and to explore novel treatments. Zebrafish have strong advantages in drug discovery due to their rapid development and transparency during embryogenesis and their applicability to chemical screens. Together with mice, zebrafish have now become a powerful tool for studying disease mechanisms and drug discovery. In this review, we introduce recent advances in DBA drug development and discuss the usefulness of zebrafish as a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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52
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Aspesi A, Borsotti C, Follenzi A. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:327-335. [PMID: 30411682 PMCID: PMC6637096 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroid aplasia with onset in childhood. Patients carry heterozygous mutations in one of 19 Ribosomal Protein (RP) genes, that lead to defective ribosome biogenesis and function. Standard treatments include steroids or blood transfusions but the only definitive cure is allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Although advances in HSCT have greatly improved the success rate over the last years, the risk of adverse events and mor-tality is still significant. Clinical trials employing gene therapy are now in progress for a variety of monogenic diseases and the development of innovative stem cell-based strategies may open new alternatives for DBA treatment as well. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress toward the implementation of new thera-peutic approaches for this disorder. We present different DNA- and RNA-based technologies as well as new candidate pharmacological treatments and discuss their relevance and potential applicability for the cure of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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53
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Woo AJ, Patry CAA, Ghamari A, Pregernig G, Yuan D, Zheng K, Piers T, Hibbs M, Li J, Fidalgo M, Wang JY, Lee JH, Leedman PJ, Wang J, Fraenkel E, Cantor AB. Zfp281 (ZBP-99) plays a functionally redundant role with Zfp148 (ZBP-89) during erythroid development. Blood Adv 2019; 3:2499-2511. [PMID: 31455666 PMCID: PMC6712527 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid maturation requires the concerted action of a core set of transcription factors. We previously identified the Krüppel-type zinc finger transcription factor Zfp148 (also called ZBP-89) as an interacting partner of the master erythroid transcription factor GATA1. Here we report the conditional knockout of Zfp148 in mice. Global loss of Zfp148 results in perinatal lethality from nonhematologic causes. Selective Zfp148 loss within the hematopoietic system results in a mild microcytic and hypochromic anemia, mildly impaired erythroid maturation, and delayed recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis. Based on the mild erythroid phenotype of these mice compared with GATA1-deficient mice, we hypothesized that additional factor(s) may complement Zfp148 function during erythropoiesis. We show that Zfp281 (also called ZBP-99), another member of the Zfp148 transcription factor family, is highly expressed in murine and human erythroid cells. Zfp281 knockdown by itself results in partial erythroid defects. However, combined deficiency of Zfp148 and Zfp281 causes a marked erythroid maturation block. Zfp281 physically associates with GATA1, occupies many common chromatin sites with GATA1 and Zfp148, and regulates a common set of genes required for erythroid cell differentiation. These findings uncover a previously unknown role for Zfp281 in erythroid development and suggest that it functionally overlaps with that of Zfp148 during erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Woo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chelsea-Ann A Patry
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gabriela Pregernig
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel Yuan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kangni Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Taylor Piers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Moira Hibbs
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ji Li
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jenny Y Wang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter J Leedman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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54
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The Bone Marrow Protects and Optimizes Immunological Memory during Dietary Restriction. Cell 2019; 178:1088-1101.e15. [PMID: 31442402 PMCID: PMC6818271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mammals evolved in the face of fluctuating food availability. How the immune system adapts to transient nutritional stress remains poorly understood. Here, we show that memory T cells collapsed in secondary lymphoid organs in the context of dietary restriction (DR) but dramatically accumulated within the bone marrow (BM), where they adopted a state associated with energy conservation. This response was coordinated by glucocorticoids and associated with a profound remodeling of the BM compartment, which included an increase in T cell homing factors, erythropoiesis, and adipogenesis. Adipocytes, as well as CXCR4-CXCL12 and S1P-S1P1R interactions, contributed to enhanced T cell accumulation in BM during DR. Memory T cell homing to BM during DR was associated with enhanced protection against infections and tumors. Together, this work uncovers a fundamental host strategy to sustain and optimize immunological memory during nutritional challenges that involved a temporal and spatial reorganization of the memory pool within "safe haven" compartments.
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55
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Runx1 promotes murine erythroid progenitor proliferation and inhibits differentiation by preventing Pu.1 downregulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17841-17847. [PMID: 31431533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pu.1 is an ETS family transcription factor (TF) that plays critical roles in erythroid progenitors by promoting proliferation and blocking terminal differentiation. However, the mechanisms controlling expression and down-regulation of Pu.1 during early erythropoiesis have not been defined. In this study, we identify the actions of Runx1 and Pu.1 itself at the Pu.1 gene Upstream Regulatory Element (URE) as major regulators of Pu.1 expression in Burst-Forming Unit erythrocytes (BFUe). During early erythropoiesis, Runx1 and Pu.1 levels decline, and chromatin accessibility at the URE is lost. Ectopic expression of Runx1 or Pu.1, both of which bind the URE, prevents Pu.1 down-regulation and blocks terminal erythroid differentiation, resulting in extensive ex vivo proliferation and immortalization of erythroid progenitors. Ectopic expression of Runx1 in BFUe lacking a URE fails to block terminal erythroid differentiation. Thus, Runx1, acting at the URE, and Pu.1 itself directly regulate Pu.1 levels in erythroid cells, and loss of both factors is critical for Pu.1 down-regulation during terminal differentiation. The molecular mechanism of URE inactivation in erythroid cells through loss of TF binding represents a distinct pattern of Pu.1 regulation from those described in other hematopoietic cell types such as T cells which down-regulate Pu.1 through active repression. The importance of down-regulation of Runx1 and Pu.1 in erythropoiesis is further supported by genome-wide analyses showing that their DNA-binding motifs are highly overrepresented in regions that lose chromatin accessibility during early erythroid development.
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56
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Fang Z, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Peng Y, Liu J, Lu H, Li J, Liang L, Xia S, Wang Q, Fu B, Wu K, Zhang L, Ginzburg Y, Liu J, Chen H. GDF11 contributes to hepatic hepcidin (HAMP) inhibition through SMURF1-mediated BMP-SMAD signalling suppression. Br J Haematol 2019; 188:321-331. [PMID: 31418854 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin (HAMP) synthesis is suppressed by erythropoiesis to increase iron availability for red blood cell production. This effect is thought to result from factors secreted by erythroid precursors. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) expression was recently shown to increase in erythroid cells of β-thalassaemia, and decrease with improvement in anaemia. Whether GDF11 regulates hepatic HAMP production has never been experimentally studied. Here, we explore GDF11 function during erythropoiesis-triggered HAMP suppression. Our results confirm that exogenous erythropoietin significantly increases Gdf11 as well as Erfe (erythroferrone) expression, and Gdf11 is also increased, albeit at a lower degree than Erfe, in phlebotomized wild type and β-thalassaemic mice. GDF11 is expressed predominantly in erythroid burst forming unit- and erythroid colony-forming unit- cells during erythropoiesis. Exogeneous GDF11 administration results in HAMP suppression in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, exogenous GDF11 decreases BMP-SMAD signalling, enhances SMAD ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) expression and induces ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) signalling. ERK1/2 signalling activation is required for GDF11 or SMURF1-mediated suppression in BMP-SMAD signalling and HAMP expression. This research newly characterizes GDF11 in erythropoiesis-mediated HAMP suppression, in addition to ERFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zesen Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Xia
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Haematology, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Centre of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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57
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Mayers S, Moço PD, Maqbool T, Silva PN, Kilkenny DM, Audet J. Establishment of an erythroid progenitor cell line capable of enucleation achieved with an inducible c-Myc vector. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:21. [PMID: 30987611 PMCID: PMC6466758 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust scalable method for producing enucleated red blood cells (RBCs) is not only a process to produce packed RBC units for transfusion but a potential platform to produce modified RBCs with applications in advanced cellular therapy. Current strategies for producing RBCs have shortcomings in the limited self-renewal capacity of progenitor cells, or difficulties in effectively enucleating erythroid cell lines. We explored a new method to produce RBCs by inducibly expressing c-Myc in primary erythroid progenitor cells and evaluated the proliferative and maturation potential of these modified cells. RESULTS Primary erythroid progenitor cells were genetically modified with an inducible gene transfer vector expressing a single transcription factor, c-Myc, and all the gene elements required to achieve dox-inducible expression. Genetically modified cells had enhanced proliferative potential compared to control cells, resulting in exponential growth for at least 6 weeks. Inducibly proliferating erythroid (IPE) cells were isolated with surface receptors similar to colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-Es), and after removal of ectopic c-Myc expression cells hemoglobinized, decreased in cell size to that of native RBCs, and enucleated achieving cultures with 17% enucleated cells. Experiments with IPE cells at various levels of ectopic c-Myc expression provided insight into differentiation dynamics of the modified cells, and an optimized two-stage differentiation strategy was shown to promote greater expansion and maturation. CONCLUSIONS Genetic engineering of adult erythroid progenitor cells with an inducible c-Myc vector established an erythroid progenitor cell line that could produce RBCs, demonstrating the potential of this approach to produce large quantities of RBCs and modified RBC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mayers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Talha Maqbool
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dawn M Kilkenny
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Audet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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58
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Activation of the vitamin D receptor transcription factor stimulates the growth of definitive erythroid progenitors. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1207-1219. [PMID: 29844206 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways that regulate the growth of erythroid progenitors are incompletely understood. In a computational analysis of gene expression changes during erythroid ontogeny, the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) nuclear hormone receptor transcription factor gene was identified in fetal and adult stages, but not at the embryonic stage of development. Vdr was expressed in definitive erythroid (EryD) progenitors and was downregulated during their maturation. Activation of Vdr signaling by the vitamin D3 agonist calcitriol increased the outgrowth of EryD colonies from fetal liver and adult bone marrow, maintained progenitor potential, and delayed erythroid maturation, as revealed by clonogenic assays, suspension culture, cell surface phenotype, and gene expression analyses. The early (cKit+CD71lo/neg), but not the late (cKit+CD71hi), EryD progenitor subset of LinnegcKit+ cells was responsive to calcitriol. Culture of cKit+CD71lo/neg progenitors in the presence of both vitamin D3 and glucocorticoid receptor ligands resulted in an increase in proliferation that was at least additive compared with either ligand alone. Lentivirus shRNA-mediated knockdown of Vdr expression abrogated the stimulation of early erythroid progenitor growth by calcitriol. These findings suggest that Vdr has a cell-intrinsic function in early erythroid progenitors. Targeting of downstream components of the Vdr signaling pathway may lead to new approaches for the expansion of erythroid progenitors ex vivo.
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59
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Li H, Natarajan A, Ezike J, Barrasa MI, Le Y, Feder ZA, Yang H, Ma C, Markoulaki S, Lodish HF. Rate of Progression through a Continuum of Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Cell States Regulates Blood Cell Production. Dev Cell 2019; 49:118-129.e7. [PMID: 30827895 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The nature of cell-state transitions during the transit-amplifying phases of many developmental processes-hematopoiesis in particular-is unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate a continuum of transcriptomic states in committed transit-amplifying erythropoietic progenitors, which correlates with a continuum of proliferative potentials in these cells. We show that glucocorticoids enhance erythrocyte production by slowing the rate of progression through this developmental continuum of transit-amplifying progenitors, permitting more cell divisions prior to terminal erythroid differentiation. Mechanistically, glucocorticoids prolong expression of genes that antagonize and slow induction of genes that drive terminal erythroid differentiation. Erythroid progenitor daughter cell pairs have similar transcriptomes with or without glucocorticoid stimulation, indicating largely symmetric cell division. Thus, the rate of progression along a developmental continuum dictates the absolute number of erythroid cells generated from each transit-amplifying progenitor, suggesting a paradigm for regulating the total output of differentiated cells in numerous other developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anirudh Natarajan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jideofor Ezike
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Yenthanh Le
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zoë A Feder
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clement Ma
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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60
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Serotonin, hematopoiesis and stem cells. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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61
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Beneduce E, Matte A, De Falco L, Mbiandjeu S, Chiabrando D, Tolosano E, Federti E, Petrillo S, Mohandas N, Siciliano A, Babu W, Menon V, Ghaffari S, Iolascon A, De Franceschi L. Fyn kinase is a novel modulator of erythropoietin signaling and stress erythropoiesis. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:10-20. [PMID: 30252956 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The signaling cascade induced by the interaction of erythropoietin (EPO) with its receptor (EPO-R) is a key event of erythropoiesis. We present here data indicating that Fyn, a Src-family-kinase, participates in the EPO signaling-pathway, since Fyn-/- mice exhibit reduced Tyr-phosphorylation of EPO-R and decreased STAT5-activity. The importance of Fyn in erythropoiesis is also supported by the blunted responsiveness of Fyn-/- mice to stress erythropoiesis. Fyn-/- mouse erythroblasts adapt to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating the redox-related-transcription-factor Nrf2. However, since Fyn is a physiologic repressor of Nrf2, absence of Fyn resulted in persistent-activation of Nrf2 and accumulation of nonfunctional proteins. ROS-induced over-activation of Jak2-Akt-mTOR-pathway and repression of autophagy with perturbation of lysosomal-clearance were also noted. Treatment with Rapamycin, a mTOR-inhibitor and autophagy activator, ameliorates Fyn-/- mouse baseline erythropoiesis and erythropoietic response to oxidative-stress. These findings identify a novel multimodal action of Fyn in the regulation of normal and stress erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- Department of Biochemistry; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - Serge Mbiandjeu
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | | | - Angela Siciliano
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Wilson Babu
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Vijay Menon
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Biochemistry; Federico II University; Naples Italy
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62
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Mehta C, Johnson KD, Gao X, Ong IM, Katsumura KR, McIver SC, Ranheim EA, Bresnick EH. Integrating Enhancer Mechanisms to Establish a Hierarchical Blood Development Program. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2966-2979. [PMID: 28930689 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic development requires the transcription factor GATA-2, and GATA-2 mutations cause diverse pathologies, including leukemia. GATA-2-regulated enhancers increase Gata2 expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and control hematopoiesis. The +9.5-kb enhancer activates transcription in endothelium and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and its deletion abrogates HSC generation. The -77-kb enhancer activates transcription in myeloid progenitors, and its deletion impairs differentiation. Since +9.5-/- embryos are HSC deficient, it was unclear whether the +9.5 functions in progenitors or if GATA-2 expression in progenitors solely requires -77. We further dissected the mechanisms using -77;+9.5 compound heterozygous (CH) mice. The embryonic lethal CH mutation depleted megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs). While the +9.5 suffices for HSC generation, the -77 and +9.5 must reside on one allele to induce MEPs. The -77 generated burst-forming unit-erythroid through the induction of GATA-1 and other GATA-2 targets. The enhancer circuits controlled signaling pathways that orchestrate a GATA factor-dependent blood development program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Mehta
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kirby D Johnson
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Koichi R Katsumura
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Skye C McIver
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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63
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Li H, Lodish HF, Sieff CA. Critical Issues in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Prospects for Novel Treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:701-712. [PMID: 30047421 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a severe congenital hypoplastic anemia caused by mutation in a ribosomal protein gene. Major clinical issues concern the optimal management of patients resistant to steroids, the first-line therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is indicated in young patients with an HLA-matched unaffected sibling donor, and recent results with matched unrelated donor transplants indicate that these patients also do well. When neither steroids nor a transplant is possible red cell transfusions are required, and iron loading is rapid in some DBA patients, so effective chelation is vital. Also discussed are novel treatments under investigation for DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Colin A Sieff
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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64
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Fuchs J, Moritz A, Grußendorf E, Lechner J, Neuerer F, Nickel R, Rieker T, Schwedes C, DeNicola DB, Russell J, Bauer N. Reticulocytosis in non-anaemic cats and dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:480-489. [PMID: 29603248 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the proportion of blood samples diagnosed with reticulocytosis without anaemia in cats and dogs and report the aetiology and mortality rate of affected animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective multicentre study including haematological examination of 3956 cats and 11,087 dogs admitted to seven German veterinary clinics (2012 to 2014). The proportion of blood samples with reticulocytosis without anaemia was calculated, and after exclusion of multiple measurements of the same animal, clinical data were evaluated. Animals with reticulocytosis without anaemia were classified as healthy or diseased, and diseased patients were assigned to 12 disease groups. Pretreatment (i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, dipyrone) was recorded. RESULTS The proportion of blood samples with reticulocytosis without anaemia was 3·1% (124/3956) in cats and 4·4% (492/11,087) in dogs. Overall, 1·8% (2/111) of cats and 1·5% (7/458) of dogs with reticulocytosis without anaemia were healthy. Blood loss/anaemia, cardiac/respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer were the most frequent underlying diseases. Pretreatment was noted in 39·5% (43/111) of cats and 42·4% (194/458) of dogs. The mortality rate was 37·8% (42/111) in cats and 29·7% (136/458) in dogs with reticulocytosis without anaemia; the median survival time in non-survivors was 1 day (range: 0 to 376 days in cats, 0 to 444 days in dogs). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In both species, reticulocytosis without anaemia was observed in a low proportion of blood samples (dogs>cat). Though a bias towards sick animals is possible in our sample, reticulocytosis without anaemia was mainly seen in diseased animals and associated with a mortality rate of approximately one-third of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - E Grußendorf
- Small Animal Clinic Grußendorf, Wiechmanns Ecke 1 49565 Bramsche, Germany
| | - J Lechner
- Small Animal Clinic Nürnberg-Hafen, Wertachstraße 1, 90451 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - F Neuerer
- Small Animal Clinic Ismaning, Oskar-Messter-Straße 6, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - R Nickel
- Small Animal Clinic Norderstedt, Kabels Stieg 41, 22850 Norderstedt, Germany
| | - T Rieker
- AniCura Small Animal Specialists Ravensburg, Zuppinger Straße 10/1, 88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - C Schwedes
- AniCura Small Animal Specialists Augsburg, Max-Josef-Metzger-Straße 9, 86157 Augsburg, Germany
| | - D B DeNicola
- IDEXX Laboratories, One IDEXX Drive, 04092 Westbrook, Maine, USA
| | - J Russell
- IDEXX Laboratories, One IDEXX Drive, 04092 Westbrook, Maine, USA
| | - N Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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65
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Tusi BK, Wolock SL, Weinreb C, Hwang Y, Hidalgo D, Zilionis R, Waisman A, Huh JR, Klein AM, Socolovsky M. Population snapshots predict early haematopoietic and erythroid hierarchies. Nature 2018; 555:54-60. [PMID: 29466336 PMCID: PMC5899604 DOI: 10.1038/nature25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation of red blood cells begins with the differentiation of multipotent haematopoietic progenitors. Reconstructing the steps of this differentiation represents a general challenge in stem-cell biology. Here we used single-cell transcriptomics, fate assays and a theory that allows the prediction of cell fates from population snapshots to demonstrate that mouse haematopoietic progenitors differentiate through a continuous, hierarchical structure into seven blood lineages. We uncovered coupling between the erythroid and the basophil or mast cell fates, a global haematopoietic response to erythroid stress and novel growth factor receptors that regulate erythropoiesis. We defined a flow cytometry sorting strategy to purify early stages of erythroid differentiation, completely isolating classically defined burst-forming and colony-forming progenitors. We also found that the cell cycle is progressively remodelled during erythroid development and during a sharp transcriptional switch that ends the colony-forming progenitor stage and activates terminal differentiation. Our work showcases the utility of linking transcriptomic data to predictive fate models, and provides insights into lineage development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Samuel L. Wolock
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caleb Weinreb
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Daniel Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jun R. Huh
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Allon M. Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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66
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Flow Cytometry (FCM) Analysis and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) of Erythroid Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1698:153-174. [PMID: 29076089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7428-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To study the process of erythropoiesis, it is important to be able to isolate erythroid progenitors and erythroblasts at distinct stages of development. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made on the development of flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) methods for the analysis and isolation of both murine and human erythroid cells at distinct stages of erythropoiesis, based on changes in the expression of cell surface markers. A method for the identification of murine BFU-E and CFU-E cells was reported by Flygare et al., by negative selection for Ter119, B220, Mac-1, CD3, Gr1, Sca-1, CD16/CD32, CD41, and CD34 cells, followed by separation based on the expression levels of CD71. We developed an alternative method in which Ter119 is used as an erythroid lineage marker, and in conjunction with CD44 and cell size as differentiation markers, it is possible to unambiguously distinguish erythroblasts at each developmental stage during murine terminal erythroid differentiation. We also developed methods for the analysis and isolation of human erythroid cells at all developmental stages. BFU-E and CFU-E are characterized by CD45+GPA-IL-3R-CD34+CD36-CD71low and CD45+GPA-IL-3R-CD34-CD36+CD71high phenotypes, respectively; the combination of GPA, band 3 and α4-integrin are used to isolate erythroid cells at all of the terminal stages of human erythropoiesis, including proerythroblasts, early basophilic, late basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts.
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67
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Mumau MD, Vanderbeck AN, Lynch ED, Golec SB, Emerson SG, Punt JA. Identification of a Multipotent Progenitor Population in the Spleen That Is Regulated by NR4A1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1078-1087. [PMID: 29282309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developmental fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is influenced by their physiological context. Although most hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are found in the bone marrow of the adult, some are found in other tissues, including the spleen. The extent to which the fate of stem cells is determined by the tissue in which they reside is not clear. In this study, we identify a new progenitor population, which is enriched in the mouse spleen, defined by cKit+CD71lowCD24high expression. This previously uncharacterized population generates exclusively myeloid lineage cells, including erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils. These multipotent progenitors of the spleen (MPPS) develop from MPP2, a myeloid-biased subset of hematopoietic progenitors. We find that NR4A1, a transcription factor expressed by myeloid-biased long term-hematopoietic stem cells, guides the lineage specification of MPPS. In vitro, NR4A1 expression regulates the potential of MPPS to differentiate into erythroid cells. MPPS that express NR4A1 differentiate into a variety of myeloid lineages, whereas those that do not express NR4A1 primarily develop into erythroid cells. Similarly, in vivo, after adoptive transfer, Nr4a1-deficient MPPS contribute more to erythrocyte and platelet populations than do wild-type MPPS. Finally, unmanipulated Nr4a1-/- mice harbor significantly higher numbers of erythroid progenitors in the spleen compared with wild-type mice. Together, our data show that NR4A1 expression by MPPS limits erythropoiesis and megakaryopoeisis, permitting development to other myeloid lineages. This effect is specific to the spleen, revealing a unique molecular pathway that regulates myeloid bias in an extramedullary niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Mumau
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ashley N Vanderbeck
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elizabeth D Lynch
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sophia B Golec
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stephen G Emerson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jennifer A Punt
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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68
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Arbiv OA, Cuvelier G, Klaassen RJ, Fernandez CV, Robitaille N, Steele M, Breakey V, Abish S, Wu J, Sinha R, Silva M, Goodyear L, Jardine L, Lipton JH, Corriveau-Bourque C, Brossard J, Michon B, Ghemlas I, Waespe N, Zlateska B, Sung L, Cada M, Dror Y. Molecular analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Clin Genet 2017; 93:320-328. [PMID: 29044489 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) features hypoplastic anemia and congenital malformations, largely caused by mutations in various ribosomal proteins. The aim of this study was to characterize the spectrum of genetic lesions causing DBA and identify genotypes that correlate with phenotypes of clinical significance. Seventy-four patients with DBA from across Canada were included. Nucleotide-level mutations or large deletions were identified in 10 ribosomal genes in 45 cases. The RPS19 mutation group was associated with higher requirement for chronic treatment for anemia than other DBA groups. Patients with RPS19 mutations, however, were more likely to maintain long-term corticosteroid response without requirement for further chronic transfusions. Conversely, patients with RPL11 mutations were less likely to need chronic treatment. Birth defects, including cardiac, skeletal, hand, cleft lip or palate and genitourinary malformations, also varied among the various genetic groups. Patients with RPS19 mutations had the fewest number of defects, while patients with RPL5 had the greatest number of birth defects. This is the first study to show differences between DBA genetic groups with regards to treatment. Previously unreported differences in the rate and types of birth defects were also identified. These data allow better patient counseling, a more personalized monitoring plan, and may also suggest differential functions of DBA genes on ribosome and extra-ribosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Arbiv
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Cuvelier
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - R J Klaassen
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C V Fernandez
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - N Robitaille
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Steele
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - V Breakey
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Abish
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Wu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Sinha
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M Silva
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - L Goodyear
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Janeway Child Health Centre, St. John's, Canada
| | - L Jardine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - J H Lipton
- Department of Haematology and Internal Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Corriveau-Bourque
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Alberta Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J Brossard
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Centre Y Sante L'Estrie-Fleur, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - B Michon
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - I Ghemlas
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Waespe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Zlateska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Sung
- Program in Child Health and Evaluative Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Lymphoma Leukemia Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Cada
- The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Y Dror
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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69
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Vandermosten L, De Geest C, Knoops S, Thijs G, Chapman KE, De Bosscher K, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 has no effect on survival during experimental malaria but affects parasitemia in a parasite strain-specific manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13835. [PMID: 29062028 PMCID: PMC5653823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a global disease associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. An appropriately balanced immune response is crucial in determining the outcome of malarial infection. The glucocorticoid (GC) metabolising enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) converts intrinsically inert GCs into active GCs. 11β-HSD1 shapes endogenous GC action and is immunomodulatory. We investigated the role of 11β-HSD1 in two mouse models of malaria. 11β-HSD1 deficiency did not affect survival after malaria infection, but it increased disease severity and parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. In contrast, 11β-HSD1 deficiency rather decreased parasitemia in mice infected with the reticulocyte-restricted parasite Plasmodium berghei NK65 1556Cl1. Malaria-induced antibody production and pathology were unaltered by 11β-HSD1 deficiency though plasma levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were slightly affected by 11β-HSD1 deficiency, dependent on the infecting parasite. These data suggest that 11β-HSD1 is not crucial for survival of experimental malaria, but alters its progression in a parasite strain-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vandermosten
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C De Geest
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Thijs
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - G Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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70
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Severn CE, Toye AM. The challenge of growing enough reticulocytes for transfusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Severn
- School of Biochemistry; Biomedical Sciences Building; University Walk; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - A. M. Toye
- School of Biochemistry; Biomedical Sciences Building; University Walk; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- Bristol Institute of Transfusion Sciences; NHSBT Filton; Bristol UK
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71
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Thyroid hormone receptor beta and NCOA4 regulate terminal erythrocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10107-10112. [PMID: 28864529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711058114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effect of thyroid hormone (TH) on erythropoiesis has been known for more than a century but the molecular mechanism(s) by which TH affects red cell formation is still elusive. Here we demonstrate an essential role of TH during terminal human erythroid cell differentiation; specific depletion of TH from the culture medium completely blocked terminal erythroid differentiation and enucleation. Treatment with TRβ agonists stimulated premature erythroblast differentiation in vivo and alleviated anemic symptoms in a chronic anemia mouse model by regulating erythroid gene expression. To identify factors that cooperate with TRβ during human erythroid terminal differentiation, we conducted RNA-seq in human reticulocytes and identified nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) as a critical regulator of terminal differentiation. Furthermore, Ncoa4-/- mice are anemic in perinatal periods and fail to respond to TH by enhanced erythropoiesis. Genome-wide analysis suggests that TH promotes NCOA4 recruitment to chromatin regions that are in proximity to Pol II and are highly associated with transcripts abundant during terminal differentiation. Collectively, our results reveal the molecular mechanism by which TH functions during red blood cell formation, results that are potentially useful to treat certain anemias.
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72
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Glucocorticoids promote Von Hippel Lindau degradation and Hif-1α stabilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9948-9953. [PMID: 28851829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705338114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) and hypoxic transcriptional responses play a central role in tissue homeostasis and regulate the cellular response to stress and inflammation, highlighting the potential for cross-talk between these two signaling pathways. We present results from an unbiased in vivo chemical screen in zebrafish that identifies GCs as activators of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the liver. GCs activated consensus hypoxia response element (HRE) reporters in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Importantly, GCs activated HIF transcriptional responses in a zebrafish mutant line harboring a point mutation in the GR DNA-binding domain, suggesting a nontranscriptional route for GR to activate HIF signaling. We noted that GCs increase the transcription of several key regulators of glucose metabolism that contain HREs, suggesting a role for GC/HIF cross-talk in regulating glucose homeostasis. Importantly, we show that GCs stabilize HIF protein in intact human liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes. We find that GCs limit the expression of Von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL), a negative regulator of HIF, and that treatment with the c-src inhibitor PP2 rescued this effect, suggesting a role for GCs in promoting c-src-mediated proteosomal degradation of pVHL. Our data support a model for GCs to stabilize HIF through activation of c-src and subsequent destabilization of pVHL.
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73
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Functional Selectivity in Cytokine Signaling Revealed Through a Pathogenic EPO Mutation. Cell 2017; 168:1053-1064.e15. [PMID: 28283061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are classically thought to stimulate downstream signaling pathways through monotonic activation of receptors. We describe a severe anemia resulting from a homozygous mutation (R150Q) in the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). Surprisingly, the EPO R150Q mutant shows only a mild reduction in affinity for its receptor but has altered binding kinetics. The EPO mutant is less effective at stimulating erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation, even at maximally potent concentrations. While the EPO mutant can stimulate effectors such as STAT5 to a similar extent as the wild-type ligand, there is reduced JAK2-mediated phosphorylation of select downstream targets. This impairment in downstream signaling mechanistically arises from altered receptor dimerization dynamics due to extracellular binding changes. These results demonstrate how variation in a single cytokine can lead to biased downstream signaling and can thereby cause human disease. Moreover, we have defined a distinct treatable form of anemia through mutation identification and functional studies.
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74
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Nguyen DT, Voon HPJ, Xella B, Scott C, Clynes D, Babbs C, Ayyub H, Kerry J, Sharpe JA, Sloane-Stanley JA, Butler S, Fisher CA, Gray NE, Jenuwein T, Higgs DR, Gibbons RJ. The chromatin remodelling factor ATRX suppresses R-loops in transcribed telomeric repeats. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:914-928. [PMID: 28487353 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRX is a chromatin remodelling factor found at a wide range of tandemly repeated sequences including telomeres (TTAGGG)n ATRX mutations are found in nearly all tumours that maintain their telomeres via the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway, and ATRX is known to suppress this pathway. Here, we show that recruitment of ATRX to telomeric repeats depends on repeat number, orientation and, critically, on repeat transcription. Importantly, the transcribed telomeric repeats form RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) whose abundance correlates with the recruitment of ATRX Here, we show loss of ATRX is also associated with increased R-loop formation. Our data suggest that the presence of ATRX at telomeres may have a central role in suppressing deleterious DNA secondary structures that form at transcribed telomeric repeats, and this may account for the increased DNA damage, stalling of replication and homology-directed repair previously observed upon loss of ATRX function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diu Tt Nguyen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hsiao Phin J Voon
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Barbara Xella
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Scott
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Clynes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Babbs
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Ayyub
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Kerry
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline A Sharpe
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jackie A Sloane-Stanley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Butler
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris A Fisher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicki E Gray
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Jenuwein
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Douglas R Higgs
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Gibbons
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hwang Y, Futran M, Hidalgo D, Pop R, Iyer DR, Scully R, Rhind N, Socolovsky M. Global increase in replication fork speed during a p57 KIP2-regulated erythroid cell fate switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700298. [PMID: 28560351 PMCID: PMC5446218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators are increasingly implicated in cell fate decisions, such as the acquisition or loss of pluripotency and self-renewal potential. The cell cycle mechanisms that regulate these cell fate decisions are largely unknown. We studied an S phase-dependent cell fate switch, in which murine early erythroid progenitors transition in vivo from a self-renewal state into a phase of active erythroid gene transcription and concurrent maturational cell divisions. We found that progenitors are dependent on p57KIP2-mediated slowing of replication forks for self-renewal, a novel function for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The switch to differentiation entails rapid down-regulation of p57KIP2 with a consequent global increase in replication fork speed and an abruptly shorter S phase. Our work suggests that cell cycles with specialized global DNA replication dynamics are integral to the maintenance of specific cell states and to cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Melinda Futran
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Divya Ramalingam Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ralph Scully
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Rhind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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76
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Dulmovits BM, Hom J, Narla A, Mohandas N, Blanc L. Characterization, regulation, and targeting of erythroid progenitors in normal and disordered human erythropoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:159-166. [PMID: 28099275 PMCID: PMC5518670 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The erythroid progenitors burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid have a critical role in erythropoiesis. These cells represent a heterogeneous and poorly characterized population with modifiable self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capabilities. This review focuses on the current state of erythroid progenitor biology with regard to immunophenotypic identification and regulatory programs. In addition, we will discuss the therapeutic implications of using these erythroid progenitors as pharmacologic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Erythroid progenitors are classically characterized by the appearance of morphologically defined colonies in semisolid cultures. However, these prior systems preclude a more thorough understanding of the composite nature of progenitor populations. Recent studies employing novel flow cytometric and cell-based assays have helped to redefine hematopoiesis, and suggest that erythroid progenitors may arise from different levels of the hematopoietic tree. Moreover, the identification of cell surface marker patterns in human burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid enhance our ability to perform downstream functional and molecular analyses at the population and single cell level. Advances in these techniques have already revealed novel subpopulations with increased self-renewing capacity, roles for erythroid progenitors in globin gene expression, and insights into pharmacologic mechanisms of glucocorticoids and pomalidomide. SUMMARY Immunophenotypic and molecular characterization resolves the diversity of erythroid progenitors, and may ultimately lead to the ability to target these progenitors to ameliorate diseases of dyserythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Dulmovits
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hempstead, NY
| | - Jimmy Hom
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hempstead, NY
| | - Anupama Narla
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford, CA
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hempstead, NY
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77
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Kim AR, Ulirsch JC, Wilmes S, Unal E, Moraga I, Karakukcu M, Yuan D, Kazerounian S, Abdulhay NJ, King DS, Gupta N, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Patiroglu T, Ozcan A, Ozdemir MA, Garcia KC, Piehler J, Gazda HT, Klein DE, Sankaran VG. Functional Selectivity in Cytokine Signaling Revealed Through a Pathogenic EPO Mutation. Cell 2017. [PMID: 28283061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.026.functional] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are classically thought to stimulate downstream signaling pathways through monotonic activation of receptors. We describe a severe anemia resulting from a homozygous mutation (R150Q) in the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). Surprisingly, the EPO R150Q mutant shows only a mild reduction in affinity for its receptor but has altered binding kinetics. The EPO mutant is less effective at stimulating erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation, even at maximally potent concentrations. While the EPO mutant can stimulate effectors such as STAT5 to a similar extent as the wild-type ligand, there is reduced JAK2-mediated phosphorylation of select downstream targets. This impairment in downstream signaling mechanistically arises from altered receptor dimerization dynamics due to extracellular binding changes. These results demonstrate how variation in a single cytokine can lead to biased downstream signaling and can thereby cause human disease. Moreover, we have defined a distinct treatable form of anemia through mutation identification and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ram Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ekrem Unal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Musa Karakukcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Daniel Yuan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nour J Abdulhay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David S King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Turkan Patiroglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Alper Ozcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daryl E Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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78
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Notch Downregulation and Extramedullary Erythrocytosis in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase 2-Deficient Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00529-16. [PMID: 27821476 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00529-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytosis is driven mainly by erythropoietin, which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Mutations in HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 (HIF-P4H-2) (PHD2/EGLN1), the major downregulator of HIFα subunits, are found in familiar erythrocytosis, and large-spectrum conditional inactivation of HIF-P4H-2 in mice leads to severe erythrocytosis. Although bone marrow is the primary site for erythropoiesis, spleen remains capable of extramedullary erythropoiesis. We studied HIF-P4H-2-deficient (Hif-p4h-2gt/gt) mice, which show slightly induced erythropoiesis upon aging despite nonincreased erythropoietin levels, and identified spleen as the site of extramedullary erythropoiesis. Splenic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of these mice exhibited increased erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) growth, and the mice were protected against anemia. HIF-1α and HIF-2α were stabilized in the spleens, while the Notch ligand genes Jag1, Jag2, and Dll1 and target Hes1 became downregulated upon aging HIF-2α dependently. Inhibition of Notch signaling in wild-type spleen HSCs phenocopied the increased BFU-E growth. HIFα stabilization can thus mediate non-erythropoietin-driven splenic erythropoiesis via altered Notch signaling.
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79
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Yan H, Zhang DY, Li X, Yuan XQ, Yang YL, Zhu KW, Zeng H, Li XL, Cao S, Zhou HH, Zhang W, Chen XP. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 polymorphism predicts a poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia in Chinese patients via affecting hematopoietic reconstitution. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1948-1957. [PMID: 27951730 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1266626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
| | - Dao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yong-Long Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
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80
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Widespread and dynamic translational control of red blood cell development. Blood 2016; 129:619-629. [PMID: 27899360 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-741835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell development requires tight yet dynamic control of protein production. Here, we use parallel RNA and ribosome profiling to study translational regulatory dynamics during murine terminal erythropoiesis. Our results uncover pervasive translational control of protein synthesis, with widespread alternative translation initiation and termination, robust discrimination of long noncoding from micropeptide-encoding RNAs, and dynamic use of upstream open reading frames. Further, we identify hundreds of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) whose translation efficiency is dynamically controlled during erythropoiesis and that enrich for target sites of RNA-binding proteins that are specific to hematopoietic cells, thus unraveling potential regulators of erythroid translational programs. A major such program involves enhanced decoding of specific mRNAs that are depleted in terminally differentiating/enucleating cells with decreasing transcriptional capacity. We find that RBM38, an erythroid-specific RNA-binding protein previously implicated in splicing, interacts with the general translation initiation factor eIF4G and promotes translation of a subset of these irreplaceable mRNAs. Inhibition of RBM38 compromises translation in erythroblasts and impairs their maturation, highlighting a key function for this protein during erythropoiesis. These findings thus reveal critical roles for dynamic translational control in supporting specialized mammalian cell formation.
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81
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TGF-β inhibitors stimulate red blood cell production by enhancing self-renewal of BFU-E erythroid progenitors. Blood 2016; 128:2637-2641. [PMID: 27777239 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-718320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burst-forming unit erythroid progenitors (BFU-Es) are so named based on their ability to generate in methylcellulose culture large colonies of erythroid cells that consist of "bursts" of smaller erythroid colonies derived from the later colony-forming unit erythroid progenitor erythropoietin (Epo)-dependent progenitors. "Early" BFU-E cells forming large BFU-E colonies presumably have higher capacities for self-renewal than do "late" BFU-Es forming small colonies, but the mechanism underlying this heterogeneity remains unknown. We show that the type III transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor (TβRIII) is a marker that distinguishes early and late BFU-Es. Transient elevation of TβRIII expression promotes TGF-β signaling during the early BFU-E to late BFU-E transition. Blocking TGF-β signaling using a receptor kinase inhibitor increases early BFU-E cell self-renewal and total erythroblast production, suggesting the usefulness of this type of drug in treating Epo-unresponsive anemias.
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82
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Jayapal SR, Ang HYK, Wang CQ, Bisteau X, Caldez MJ, Xuan GX, Yu W, Tergaonkar V, Osato M, Lim B, Kaldis P. Cyclin A2 regulates erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3070-3081. [PMID: 27657745 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is an essential gene for development and in haematopoietic stem cells and therefore its functions in definitive erythropoiesis have not been investigated. We have ablated cyclin A2 in committed erythroid progenitors in vivo using erythropoietin receptor promoter-driven Cre, which revealed its critical role in regulating erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Erythroid-specific cyclin A2 knockout mice are viable but displayed increased mean erythrocyte volume and reduced erythrocyte counts, as well as increased frequency of erythrocytes containing Howell-Jolly bodies. Erythroblasts lacking cyclin A2 displayed defective enucleation, resulting in reduced production of enucleated erythrocytes and increased frequencies of erythrocytes containing nuclear remnants. Deletion of the Cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 but not Cdk2, ameliorated the erythroid defects resulting from deficiency of cyclin A2, confirming the critical role of cyclin A2/Cdk activity in erythroid development. Loss of cyclin A2 in bone marrow cells in semisolid culture prevented the formation of BFU-E but not CFU-E colonies, uncovering its essential role in BFU-E function. Our data unveils the critical functions of cyclin A2 in regulating mammalian erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Raja Jayapal
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Matias J Caldez
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
| | - Gan Xiao Xuan
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- b Genome Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
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83
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Antenatal endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids and their impact on immune ontogeny and long-term immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:739-763. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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84
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Shi J, Yuan B, Hu W, Lodish H. JAK2 V617F stimulates proliferation of erythropoietin-dependent erythroid progenitors and delays their differentiation by activating Stat1 and other nonerythroid signaling pathways. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1044-1058.e5. [PMID: 27473563 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
JAK2 V617F is a mutant-activated JAK2 kinase found in most polycythemia vera (PV) patients; it skews normal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and simulates aberrant expansion of erythroid progenitors. JAK2 V617F is known to activate some signaling pathways not normally activated in mature erythroblasts, but there has been no systematic study of signal transduction pathways or gene expression in erythroid cells expressing JAK2 V617F undergoing erythropoietin (Epo)-dependent terminal differentiation. Here we report that expression of JAK2 V617F in murine fetal liver Epo-dependent progenitors allows them to divide approximately six rather than the normal approximately four times in the presence of Epo, delaying their exit from the cell cycle. Over time, the number of red cells formed from each Epo-dependent progenitor increases fourfold, and these cells eventually differentiate into normal enucleated reticulocytes. We report that purified fetal liver Epo-dependent progenitors express many cytokine receptors additional to the EpoR. Expression of JAK2 V617F triggers activation of Stat5, the only STAT normally activated by Epo, as well as activation of Stat1 and Stat3. Expression of JAK2 V617F also leads to transient induction of many genes not normally activated in terminally differentiating erythroid cells and that are characteristic of other hematopoietic lineages. Inhibition of Stat1 activation blocks JAK2 V617F hyperproliferation of erythroid progenitors, and we conclude that Stat1-mediated activation of nonerythroid signaling pathways delays terminal erythroid differentiation and permits extended cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahai Shi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA
| | - Harvey Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA.
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85
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Barminko J, Reinholt B, Baron MH. Development and differentiation of the erythroid lineage in mammals. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:18-29. [PMID: 26709231 PMCID: PMC4775370 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC) is responsible for performing the highly specialized function of oxygen transport, making it essential for survival during gestation and postnatal life. Establishment of sufficient RBC numbers, therefore, has evolved to be a major priority of the postimplantation embryo. The "primitive" erythroid lineage is the first to be specified in the developing embryo proper. Significant resources are dedicated to producing RBCs throughout gestation. Two transient and morphologically distinct waves of hematopoietic progenitor-derived erythropoiesis are observed in development before hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) take over to produce "definitive" RBCs in the fetal liver. Toward the end of gestation, HSCs migrate to the bone marrow, which becomes the primary site of RBC production in the adult. Erythropoiesis is regulated at various stages of erythroid cell maturation to ensure sufficient production of RBCs in response to physiological demands. Here, we highlight key aspects of mammalian erythroid development and maturation as well as differences among the primitive and definitive erythroid cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barminko
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brad Reinholt
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Margaret H Baron
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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86
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Nandakumar SK, Ulirsch JC, Sankaran VG. Advances in understanding erythropoiesis: evolving perspectives. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:206-18. [PMID: 26846448 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are generated from haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) through the step-wise process of differentiation known as erythropoiesis. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of erythropoiesis and highlight recent advances in this field. During embryonic development, erythropoiesis occurs in three distinct waves comprising first, the yolk sac-derived primitive RBCs, followed sequentially by the erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP) and HSPC-derived definitive RBCs. Recent work has highlighted the complexity and variability that may exist in the hierarchical arrangement of progenitors responsible for erythropoiesis. Using recently defined cell surface markers, it is now possible to enrich for erythroid progenitors and precursors to a much greater extent than has been possible before. While a great deal of knowledge has been gained on erythropoiesis from model organisms, our understanding of this process is currently being refined through human genetic studies. Genes mutated in erythroid disorders can now be identified more rapidly by the use of next-generation sequencing techniques. Genome-wide association studies on erythroid traits in healthy populations have also revealed new modulators of erythropoiesis. All of these recent developments have significant promise not only for increasing our understanding of erythropoiesis, but also for improving our ability to intervene when RBC production is perturbed in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nandakumar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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87
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Lichtenberg J, Heuston EF, Mishra T, Keller CA, Hardison RC, Bodine DM. SBR-Blood: systems biology repository for hematopoietic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D925-31. [PMID: 26590403 PMCID: PMC4702891 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research into hematopoiesis (the development of blood cells) over several decades has generated large sets of expression and epigenetic profiles in multiple human and mouse blood cell types. However, there is no single location to analyze how gene regulatory processes lead to different mature blood cells. We have developed a new database framework called hematopoietic Systems Biology Repository (SBR-Blood), available online at http://sbrblood.nhgri.nih.gov, which allows user-initiated analyses for cell type correlations or gene-specific behavior during differentiation using publicly available datasets for array- and sequencing-based platforms from mouse hematopoietic cells. SBR-Blood organizes information by both cell identity and by hematopoietic lineage. The validity and usability of SBR-Blood has been established through the reproduction of workflows relevant to expression data, DNA methylation, histone modifications and transcription factor occupancy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lichtenberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth F Heuston
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M Bodine
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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88
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Liu J, Han X, An X. Novel methods for studying normal and disordered erythropoiesis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1270-5. [PMID: 26588913 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a process during which multipotential hematopoietic stem cells proliferate, differentiate and eventually form mature erythrocytes. Interestingly, unlike most cell types, an important feature of erythropoiesis is that following each mitosis the daughter cells are morphologically and functionally different from the parent cell from which they are derived, demonstrating the need to study erythropoiesis in a stage-specific manner. This has been impossible until recently due to lack of methods for isolating erythroid cells at each distinct developmental stage. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of methods for isolating both murine and human erythroid cells and their applications. These methods provide powerful means for studying normal and impaired erythropoiesis associated with hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - XiuLi An
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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89
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Doty RT, Phelps SR, Shadle C, Sanchez-Bonilla M, Keel SB, Abkowitz JL. Coordinate expression of heme and globin is essential for effective erythropoiesis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4681-91. [PMID: 26551679 DOI: 10.1172/jci83054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis requires rapid and extensive hemoglobin production. Heme activates globin transcription and translation; therefore, heme synthesis must precede globin synthesis. As free heme is a potent inducer of oxidative damage, its levels within cellular compartments require stringent regulation. Mice lacking the heme exporter FLVCR1 have a severe macrocytic anemia; however, the mechanisms that underlie erythropoiesis dysfunction in these animals are unclear. Here, we determined that erythropoiesis failure occurs in these animals at the CFU-E/proerythroblast stage, a point at which the transferrin receptor (CD71) is upregulated, iron is imported, and heme is synthesized--before ample globin is produced. From the CFU-E/proerythroblast (CD71(+) Ter119(-) cells) stage onward, erythroid progenitors exhibited excess heme content, increased cytoplasmic ROS, and increased apoptosis. Reducing heme synthesis in FLVCR1-defient animals via genetic and biochemical approaches improved the anemia, implying that heme excess causes, and is not just associated with, the erythroid marrow failure. Expression of the cell surface FLVCR1 isoform, but not the mitochondrial FLVCR1 isoform, restored normal rbc production, demonstrating that cellular heme export is essential. Together, these studies provide insight into how heme is regulated to allow effective erythropoiesis, show that erythropoiesis fails when heme is excessive, and emphasize the importance of evaluating Ter119(-) erythroid cells when studying erythroid marrow failure in murine models.
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90
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Histones to the cytosol: exportin 7 is essential for normal terminal erythroid nuclear maturation. Blood 2015; 124:1931-40. [PMID: 25092175 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-537761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Global nuclear condensation, culminating in enucleation during terminal erythropoiesis, is poorly understood. Proteomic examination of extruded erythroid nuclei from fetal liver revealed a striking depletion of most nuclear proteins, suggesting that nuclear protein export had occurred. Expression of the nuclear export protein, Exportin 7 (Xpo7), is highly erythroid-specific, induced during erythropoiesis, and abundant in very late erythroblasts. Knockdown of Xpo7 in primary mouse fetal liver erythroblasts resulted in severe inhibition of chromatin condensation and enucleation but otherwise had little effect on erythroid differentiation, including hemoglobin accumulation. Nuclei in Xpo7-knockdown cells were larger and less dense than normal and accumulated most nuclear proteins as measured by mass spectrometry. Strikingly,many DNA binding proteins such as histones H2A and H3 were found to have migrated into the cytoplasm of normal late erythroblasts prior to and during enucleation, but not in Xpo7-knockdown cells. Thus, terminal erythroid maturation involves migration of histones into the cytoplasm via a process likely facilitated by Xpo7.
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91
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Sjögren SE, Siva K, Soneji S, George AJ, Winkler M, Jaako P, Wlodarski M, Karlsson S, Hannan RD, Flygare J. Glucocorticoids improve erythroid progenitor maintenance and dampen Trp53 response in a mouse model of Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:517-29. [PMID: 26305041 PMCID: PMC5014181 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare congenital disease causing severe anaemia and progressive bone marrow failure. The majority of patients carry mutations in ribosomal proteins, which leads to depletion of erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. As many as 40% of all DBA patients receive glucocorticoids to alleviate their anaemia. However, despite their use in DBA treatment for more than half a century, the therapeutic mechanisms of glucocorticoids remain largely unknown. Therefore we sought to study disease specific effects of glucocorticoid treatment using a ribosomal protein s19 (Rps19) deficient mouse model of DBA. This study determines for the first time that a mouse model of DBA can respond to glucocorticoid treatment, similar to DBA patients. Our results demonstrate that glucocorticoid treatment reduces apoptosis, rescues erythroid progenitor depletion and premature differentiation of erythroid cells. Furthermore, glucocorticoids prevent Trp53 activation in Rps19-deficient cells- in a disease-specific manner. Dissecting the therapeutic mechanisms behind glucocorticoid treatment of DBA provides indispensible insight into DBA pathogenesis. Identifying mechanisms important for DBA treatment also enables development of more disease-specific treatments of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amee J George
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Marcus Winkler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pekka Jaako
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Haematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcin Wlodarski
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Johan Flygare
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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92
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PPAR-α and glucocorticoid receptor synergize to promote erythroid progenitor self-renewal. Nature 2015; 522:474-7. [PMID: 25970251 PMCID: PMC4498266 DOI: 10.1038/nature14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many acute and chronic anemias, including hemolysis, sepsis, and genetic bone marrow failure diseases such as Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA), are not treatable with erythropoietin (Epo), because the colony-forming unit erythroid progenitors (CFU-Es) that respond to Epo are either too few in number or are not sensitive enough to Epo to maintain sufficient red blood cell production 1,2,3–5,6,7,8,9. Treatment of these anemias requires a drug that acts at an earlier stage of red cell formation and enhances the formation of Epo-sensitive CFU-E progenitors. Recently we showed that glucocorticoids specifically stimulate self-renewal of the early erythroid progenitor, the burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), and increase the production of terminally differentiated erythroid cells 10,11. Here we demonstrate that activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) by PPARα agonists, GW7647 and fenofibrate, synergizes with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to promote BFU-E self-renewal. Over time these agonists greatly increase production of mature red blood cells in cultures both of mouse fetal liver BFU-Es and of mobilized human adult CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors, the latter employing a new and effective culture system that generates normal enucleated reticulocytes. While PPARα−/− mice show no hematological difference from wild-type mice in both normal and phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced stress erythropoiesis, PPARα agonists facilitate recovery of wild-type mice, but not PPARα−/− mice, from PHZ-induced acute hemolytic anemia. We also showed that PPARα alleviates anemia in a mouse model of chronic anemia. Finally, both in control and corticosteroid-treated BFU-E cells PPARα co-occupies many chromatin sites with GR; when activated by PPARα agonists, additional PPARα is recruited to GR-adjacent sites and presumably facilitates GR-dependent BFU-E self-renewal. Our discovery of the role of PPARα agonists in stimulating self-renewal of early erythroid progenitor cells suggests that the clinically tested PPARα agonists we used may improve the efficacy of corticosteroids in treating Epo resistant anemias.
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93
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Ludwig LS, Cho H, Wakabayashi A, Eng JC, Ulirsch JC, Fleming MD, Lodish HF, Sankaran VG. Genome-wide association study follow-up identifies cyclin A2 as a regulator of the transition through cytokinesis during terminal erythropoiesis. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:386-91. [PMID: 25615569 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) hold tremendous promise to improve our understanding of human biology. Recent GWAS have revealed over 75 loci associated with erythroid traits, including the 4q27 locus that is associated with red blood cell size (mean corpuscular volume). The close linkage disequilibrium block at this locus harbors the CCNA2 gene that encodes cyclin A2. CCNA2 mRNA is highly expressed in human and murine erythroid progenitor cells and regulated by the essential erythroid transcription factor GATA1. To understand the role of cyclin A2 in erythropoiesis, we have reduced expression of this gene using short hairpin RNAs in a primary murine erythroid culture system. We demonstrate that cyclin A2 levels affect erythroid cell size by regulating the passage through cytokinesis during the final cell division of terminal erythropoiesis. Our study provides new insight into cell cycle regulation during terminal erythropoiesis and more generally illustrates the value of functional GWAS follow-up to gain mechanistic insight into hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif S. Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Hyunjii Cho
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Aoi Wakabayashi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer C. Eng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Jacob C. Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Mark D. Fleming
- Department of Pathology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Harvey F. Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Vijay G. Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Cambridge Massachusetts
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94
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Elucidation of the EP defect in Diamond-Blackfan anemia by characterization and prospective isolation of human EPs. Blood 2015; 125:2553-7. [PMID: 25755292 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-608042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a disorder characterized by a selective defect in erythropoiesis. Delineation of the precise defect is hampered by a lack of markers that define cells giving rise to erythroid burst- and erythroid colony-forming unit (BFU-E and CFU-E) colonies, the clonogenic assays that quantify early and late erythroid progenitor (EEP and LEP) potential, respectively. By combining flow cytometry, cell-sorting, and single-cell clonogenic assays, we identified Lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(+)CD45RA(-)CD123(-)CD71(+)CD41a(-)CD105(-)CD36(-) bone marrow cells as EEP giving rise to BFU-E, and Lin(-)CD34(+/-)CD38(+)CD45RA(-)CD123(-)CD71(+)CD41a(-)CD105(+)CD36(+) cells as LEP giving rise to CFU-E, in a hierarchical fashion. We then applied these definitions to DBA and identified that, compared with controls, frequency, and clonogenicity of DBA, EEP and LEP are significantly decreased in transfusion-dependent but restored in corticosteroid-responsive patients. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative defects in erythroid progenitor (EP) contribute to defective erythropoiesis in DBA. Prospective isolation of defined EPs will facilitate more incisive study of normal and aberrant erythropoiesis.
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95
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Pattullo KM, Kidney BA, Taylor SM, Jackson ML. Reticulocytosis in nonanemic dogs: increasing prevalence and potential etiologies. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 44:26-36. [PMID: 25488123 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing prevalence of reticulocytosis in the absence of anemia (RAA) in dogs has been suspected in recent years. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine whether prevalence of RAA in our canine population has been increasing over the last years, and to identify potential predisposing factors. METHODS The annual prevalence of RAA in adult dogs was determined between 2000 and 2012. Clinical histories and CBC data were analyzed for all dogs, as well as owner response to a questionnaire including information on nutrition and supplements was conducted for dogs with RAA identified between 2011 and 2012. In addition, serum iron concentration (Fe), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and percent transferrin saturation (%TS) were determined in 14 dogs with RAA and compared with 8 healthy control dogs. RESULTS Reticulocytosis in the absence of anemia was identified in 1035 dogs, with the prevalence increasing since 2006. Dogs with RAA evaluated after 2006 (n = 853) had significantly lower MCV and were more likely to have microcytosis than those prior to 2006 (n = 182). Increased incidence of osteoarthritis was observed in dogs evaluated after 2006, including the dogs studied between 2011 and 2012 (n = 31), and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, omega-3 fatty acids, and glucosamine was more common in the latter. Significantly lower mean Fe and %TS, and higher TIBC were found in dogs with RAA compared to unaffected dogs. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of RAA has increased in recent years in our canine population. More ubiquitous use of anti-inflammatory medications and nutraceuticals, associated with increased diagnosis of osteoarthritis should be considered as contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Pattullo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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96
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A hyperactive Mpl-based cell growth switch drives macrophage-associated erythropoiesis through an erythroid-megakaryocytic precursor. Blood 2014; 125:1025-33. [PMID: 25343958 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-555318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches for controlling hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion, lineage commitment, and maturation have been investigated for improving clinical interventions. We report here that amino acid substitutions in a thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl)--containing cell growth switch (CGS) extending receptor stability improve the expansion capacity of human cord blood CD34(+) cells in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Activation of this CGS with a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) expands total cells 99-fold, erythrocytes 70-fold, megakaryocytes 0.5-fold, and CD34(+) stem/progenitor cells 4.4-fold by 21 days of culture. Analysis of cells in these expanded populations identified a CID-dependent bipotent erythrocyte-megakaryocyte precursor (PEM) population, and a CID-independent macrophage population. The CD235a(+)/CD41a(+) PEM population constitutes up to 13% of the expansion cultures, can differentiate into erythrocytes or megakaryocytes, exhibits very little expansion capacity, and exists at very low levels in unexpanded cord blood. The CD206(+) macrophage population constitutes up to 15% of the expansion cultures, exhibits high-expansion capacity, and is physically associated with differentiating erythroblasts. Taken together, these studies describe a fundamental enhancement of the CGS expansion platform, identify a novel precursor population in the erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation pathway of humans, and implicate an erythropoietin-independent, macrophage-associated pathway supporting terminal erythropoiesis in this expansion system.
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97
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Abstract
Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells are erythroid progenitors traditionally defined by colony assays. We developed a flow cytometry-based strategy for isolating human BFU-E and CFU-E cells based on the changes in expression of cell surface markers during in vitro erythroid cell culture. BFU-E and CFU-E are characterized by CD45(+)GPA(-)IL-3R(-)CD34(+)CD36(-)CD71(low) and CD45(+)GPA(-)IL-3R(-)CD34(-)CD36(+)CD71(high) phenotypes, respectively. Colony assays validated phenotypic assignment giving rise to BFU-E and CFU-E colonies, both at a purity of ∼90%. The BFU-E colony forming ability of CD45(+)GPA(-)IL-3R(-)CD34(+)CD36(-)CD71(low) cells required stem cell factor and erythropoietin, while the CFU-E colony forming ability of CD45(+)GPA(-)IL-3R(-)CD34(-)CD36(+)CD71(high) cells required only erythropoietin. Bioinformatic analysis of the RNA-sequencing data revealed unique transcriptomes at each differentiation stage. The sorting strategy was validated in uncultured primary cells isolated from bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral blood, indicating that marker expression is not an artifact of in vitro cell culture, but represents an in vivo characteristic of erythroid progenitor populations. The ability to isolate highly pure human BFU-E and CFU-E progenitors will enable detailed cellular and molecular characterization of these distinct progenitor populations and define their contribution to disordered erythropoiesis in inherited and acquired hematologic disease. Our data provides an important resource for future studies of human erythropoiesis.
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98
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Cpeb4-mediated translational regulatory circuitry controls terminal erythroid differentiation. Dev Cell 2014; 30:660-72. [PMID: 25220394 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While we have considerable understanding of the transcriptional networks controlling mammalian cell differentiation, our knowledge of posttranscriptional regulatory events is very limited. Using differentiation of primary erythroid cells as a model, we show that the sequence-specific mRNA-binding protein Cpeb4 is strongly induced by the erythroid-important transcription factors Gata1 and Tal1 and is essential for terminal erythropoiesis. By interacting with the translation initiation factor eIF3, Cpeb4 represses the translation of a large set of mRNAs, including its own mRNA. Thus, transcriptional induction and translational repression combine to form a negative feedback loop to control Cpeb4 protein levels within a specific range that is required for terminal erythropoiesis. Our study provides an example of how translational control is integrated with transcriptional regulation to precisely control gene expression during mammalian cell differentiation.
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99
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Cheng AW, Shi J, Wong P, Luo KL, Trepman P, Wang ET, Choi H, Burge CB, Lodish HF. Muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1) regulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing during terminal erythropoiesis. Blood 2014; 124:598-610. [PMID: 24869935 PMCID: PMC4110662 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-542209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope and roles of regulated isoform gene expression during erythroid terminal development are poorly understood. We identified hundreds of differentiation-associated isoform changes during terminal erythropoiesis. Sequences surrounding cassette exons of skipped exon events are enriched for motifs bound by the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of splicing factors. Knockdown of Mbnl1 in cultured murine fetal liver erythroid progenitors resulted in a strong block in erythroid differentiation and disrupted the developmentally regulated exon skipping of Ndel1 mRNA, which is bound by MBNL1 and critical for erythroid terminal proliferation. These findings reveal an unanticipated scope of the alternative splicing program and the importance of Mbnl1 during erythroid terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Cheng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Computational and Systems Biology Program, and
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Piu Wong
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Katherine L Luo
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Paula Trepman
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Eric T Wang
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Heejo Choi
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
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100
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Xie X, Li Y, Pei X. From stem cells to red blood cells: how far away from the clinical application? SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:581-5. [PMID: 24829108 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The generation of red blood cells (RBCs) from stem cells provides a solution for deficiencies in blood transfusion. Currently, primary hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the potential to produce fully mature RBCs. Here, we discuss the advantages, induction protocols, progress and possible clinical applications of stem cells in RBC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYan Xie
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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