51
|
Borghans JAM, Tesselaar K, de Boer RJ. Current best estimates for the average lifespans of mouse and human leukocytes: reviewing two decades of deuterium-labeling experiments. Immunol Rev 2019; 285:233-248. [PMID: 30129193 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium is a non-toxic, stable isotope that can safely be administered to humans and mice to study their cellular turnover rates in vivo. It is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA strands during cell division, without interference with the kinetics of cells, and the accumulation and loss of deuterium in the DNA of sorted (sub-)populations of leukocytes can be used to estimate their cellular production rates and lifespans. In the past two decades, this powerful technology has been used to estimate the turnover rates of various types of leukocytes. Although it is the most reliable technique currently available to study leukocyte turnover, there are remarkable differences between the cellular turnover rates estimated by some of these studies. We have recently established that part of this variation is due to (a) difficulties in estimating deuterium availability in some deuterium-labeling studies, and (b) assumptions made by the mathematical models employed to fit the data. Being aware of these two problems, we here aim to approach a consensus on the life expectancies of different types of T cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in mice and men. We address remaining outstanding problems whenever appropriate and discuss for which immune subpopulations we currently have too little information to draw firm conclusions about their turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J de Boer
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Jaworowski A, Hearps AC, Angelovich TA, Hoy JF. How Monocytes Contribute to Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Virologically-Suppressed HIV-Positive Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31275317 PMCID: PMC6593090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing HIV viremia to achieve persistently undetectable levels in peripheral blood in the majority of individuals with access and ability to maintain adherence to treatment. However, evidence suggests that ART is less effective at eliminating HIV-associated inflammation and innate immune activation. To the extent that residual inflammation and immune activation persist, virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) may have increased risk of inflammatory co-morbidities, and adjunctive therapies may need to be considered to reduce HIV-related inflammation and fully restore the health of virologically suppressed HIV+ individuals. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of death in the developed world and is becoming more important in PLWH with access to ART. Arterial disease due to atherosclerosis, leading to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, is a major component of CVD. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and epidemiological comparisons of atherosclerosis and AMI show a higher prevalence and suggest a greater risk in PLWH compared to the general population. The reasons for greater prevalence of CVD in PLWH can be broadly grouped into four categories: (a) the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors e.g., smoking and hypertension (b) dyslipidemia (also a traditional risk factor) caused by off-target effects of ART drugs (c) HIV-related inflammation and immune activation and (d) other undefined HIV-related factors. Management strategies aimed at reducing the impact of traditional risk factors in PLWH are similar to those for the general population and their effectiveness is currently being evaluated. Together with improvements in ART regimens and guidelines for treatment, and a greater awareness of its impact on CVD, the HIV-related risk of AMI and stroke is decreasing but remains elevated compared to the general community. Monocytes are key effector cells which initiate the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by migrating into the intima of coronary arteries and accumulating as foam cells full of lipid droplets. This review considers the specific role of monocytes as effector cells in atherosclerosis which progresses to AMI and stroke, and explores mechanisms by which HIV may promote an atherogenic phenotype and function independent of traditional risk factors. Altered monocyte function may represent a distinct HIV-related factor which increases risk of CVD in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna C Hearps
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A Angelovich
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer F Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
van den Bossche WBL, Rykov K, Teodosio C, Ten Have BLEF, Knobben BAS, Sietsma MS, Josiassen K, de Bruin-Versteeg S, Orfao A, van Dongen JJM, van Raay JJAM. Flow cytometric assessment of leukocyte kinetics for the monitoring of tissue damage. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:224-230. [PMID: 30290225 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte populations quickly respond to tissue damage, but most leukocyte kinetic studies are not based on multiparameter flow cytometry. We systematically investigated several blood leukocyte populations after controlled tissue damage. 48 patients were assigned to either an anterior or posterolateral total hip arthroplasty. Peripheral blood was collected pre-operatively and at 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively and assessed by flow cytometry for absolute counts of multiple leukocyte populations using standardized EuroFlow protocols. Absolute counts of leukocyte subsets differed significantly between consecutive time points. Neutrophils increased instantly after surgery, while most leukocyte subsets initially decreased, followed by increasing cell counts until 48 h. At two weeks all leukocyte counts were restored to pre-operative counts. Immune cell kinetics upon acute tissue damage exhibit reproducible patterns, which differ between the leukocyte subsets and with "opposite kinetics" among monocyte subsets. Flow cytometric leukocyte monitoring can be used to minimally invasively monitor tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter B L van den Bossche
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyrill Rykov
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728, NT, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bas L E F Ten Have
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728, NT, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas A S Knobben
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728, NT, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits S Sietsma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728, NT, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Josiassen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra de Bruin-Versteeg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC, IBMCC USAL-CSIC), Servicio General de Citometría (NUCLEUS), ciberone and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos J A M van Raay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728, NT, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Guilliams M, Mildner A, Yona S. Developmental and Functional Heterogeneity of Monocytes. Immunity 2018; 49:595-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
55
|
He Z, Allers C, Sugimoto C, Ahmed N, Fujioka H, Kim WK, Didier ES, Kuroda MJ. Rapid Turnover and High Production Rate of Myeloid Cells in Adult Rhesus Macaques with Compensations during Aging. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:4059-4067. [PMID: 29728510 PMCID: PMC6263173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, basophils, and monocytes are continuously produced in bone marrow via myelopoiesis, circulate in blood, and are eventually removed from circulation to maintain homeostasis. To quantitate the kinetics of myeloid cell movement during homeostasis, we applied 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine pulse labeling in healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) followed by hematology and flow cytometry analyses. Results were applied to a mathematical model, and the blood circulating half-life and daily production, respectively, of each cell type from macaques aged 5-10 y old were calculated for neutrophils (1.63 ± 0.16 d, 1.42 × 109 cells/l/d), basophils (1.78 ± 0.30 d, 5.89 × 106 cells/l/d), and CD14+CD16- classical monocytes (1.01 ± 0.15 d, 3.09 × 108 cells/l/d). Classical monocytes were released into the blood circulation as early as 1 d after dividing, whereas neutrophils remained in bone marrow 4-5 d before being released. Among granulocytes, neutrophils and basophils exhibited distinct kinetics in bone marrow maturation time and blood circulation. With increasing chronological age, there was a significant decrease in daily production of neutrophils and basophils, but the half-life of these granulocytes remained unchanged between 3 and 19 y of age. In contrast, daily production of classical monocytes remained stable through 19 y of age but exhibited a significant decline in half-life. These results demonstrated relatively short half-lives and continuous replenishment of neutrophils, basophils, and classical monocytes during homeostasis in adult rhesus macaques with compensations observed during increasing chronological age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan He
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Carolina Allers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Chie Sugimoto
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Nursarat Ahmed
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Hideki Fujioka
- Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507; and
| | - Elizabeth S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Champion TC, Partridge LJ, Ong SM, Malleret B, Wong SC, Monk PN. Monocyte Subsets Have Distinct Patterns of Tetraspanin Expression and Different Capacities to Form Multinucleate Giant Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1247. [PMID: 29937768 PMCID: PMC6002745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are able to undergo homotypic fusion to produce different types of multinucleated giant cells, such as Langhans giant cells in response to M. tuberculosis infection or foreign body giant cells in response to implanted biomaterials. Monocyte fusion is highly coordinated and complex, with various soluble, intracellular, and cell-surface components mediating different stages of the process. Tetraspanins, such as CD9, CD63, and CD81, are known to be involved in cell:cell fusion and have been suggested to play a role in regulating homotypic monocyte fusion. However, peripheral human monocytes are not homogenous: they exist as a heterogeneous population consisting of three subsets, classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical (CD14+CD16+), at steady state. During infection with mycobacteria, the circulating populations of intermediate and non-classical monocytes increase, suggesting they may play a role in the disease outcome. Human monocytes were separated into subsets and then induced to fuse using concanavalin A. The intermediate monocytes were able to fuse faster and form significantly larger giant cells than the other subsets. When antibodies targeting tetraspanins were added, the intermediate monocytes responded to anti-CD63 by forming smaller giant cells, suggesting an involvement of tetraspanins in fusion for at least this subset. However, the expression of fusion-associated tetraspanins on monocyte subsets did not correlate with the extent of fusion or with the inhibition by tetraspanin antibody. We also identified a CD9High and a CD9Low monocyte population within the classical subset. The CD9High classical monocytes expressed higher levels of tetraspanin CD151 compared to CD9Low classical monocytes but the CD9High classical subset did not exhibit greater potential to fuse and the role of these cells in immunity remains unknown. With the exception of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein, which was expressed at higher levels on the intermediate monocyte subset, the expression of fusion-related proteins between the subsets did not clearly correlate with their ability to fuse. We also did not observe any clear correlation between giant cell formation and the expression of pro-inflammatory or fusogenic cytokines. Although tetraspanin expression appears to be important for the fusion of intermediate monocytes, the control of multinucleate giant cell formation remains obscure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Champion
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Siew-Min Ong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter N Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|