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Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Horses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02590-19. [PMID: 32033947 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02590-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A nationwide study on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC in nonhospitalized horses in the Netherlands was performed. Molecular characterization was done, and questionnaires were analyzed to identify factors associated with carriage. In total, 796 horse owners were approached; 281 of these submitted a fecal sample from their horse(s), resulting in 362 samples. All samples were cultured qualitatively in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and subsequently on MacConkey agar, both supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (LB+ and MC+). Positive samples were subsequently cultured quantitatively on MC+. Initial extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC screening was performed by PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing on selected strains. Associations between ESBL/AmpC carriage and questionnaire items were analyzed using a univariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis, followed by a multiple GEE model for relevant factors. In total, 39 of 362 samples (11%) were determined to be positive for ESBL/AmpC. bla CTX-M-1-carrying isolates were obtained from 77% of positive samples (n = 30). Other ESBL/AmpC genes observed included bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-32, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-2, and bla ACT-10 A high association between the presence of bla CTX-M-1 and IncHI1 plasmids was observed (46% of samples; n = 18). Based on core genome analysis (n = 48 isolates), six Escherichia coli clusters were identified, three of which represented 80% of the isolates. A negative association between ESBL/AmpC carriage and horses being in contact with other horses at a different site was observed. The presence of a dog on the premises and housing in a more densely human-populated region were positively associated.IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.
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Iseppi R, Di Cerbo A, Messi P, Sabia C. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase/AmpC-producing (ESBL/AmpC) Enterobacteriaceae from Humans and Pets. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E152. [PMID: 32244399 PMCID: PMC7235867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the virulence factors, genes, antibiotic resistance patterns, and genotypes (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) production in Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fecal samples of humans, dogs, and cats. METHODS A total of 100 fecal samples from 50 humans, 25 dogs, and 25 cats were used in the study. MICs of nine antimicrobials were determined using the broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) and virulence genes both in Enterococcus species, such as cytolysin (cylA, cylB, cylM), aggregation substance (agg), gelatinase (gelE), enterococcal surface protein (esp), cell wall adhesins (efaAfs and efaAfm), and in Enterobacteriaceae, such as cytolysin (hemolysin) and gelatinase production (afa, cdt, cnf1, hlyA, iutA, papC, sfa). RESULTS Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species in humans and cats, whereas Enterococcus faecalis was the species isolated in the remaining samples. A total of 200 Enterobacteriaceae strains were also detected, mainly from humans, and Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species in all types of samples. In the Enterococcus spp, the highest percentages of resistance for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were detected in cat isolates (41.6%, 52.8%, 38.9%, 23.6%, 62.5%, 20.8%, and 23.6% respectively), and in E. coli, a higher rate of resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime emerged in cat and dog samples, if compared with humans (75.4% and 66.0%, 80.0% and 71.4%, and 32.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Regarding the total number of enterococci, 5% and 3.4% of the strains were vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant, and the vancomycin resistance (van A) gene has been detected in all samples by PCR amplification. All the Enterobacteriaceae strains were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and sequencing, and the most frequent ESBL genes in E.coli strains from humans and pet samples were blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that one or more virulence factors were present in both genera, underlining again the ability of pet strains to act as pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
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Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Sato W, Thu Htun M, Sueyoshi M. Multidrug-Resistant ESBL/AmpC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorses in Japan. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030369. [PMID: 32106501 PMCID: PMC7143125 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpCs) have been recognized as an emerging global problem in humans and animals. These enzymes provide a mechanism of resistance by inactivating β-lactam antibiotics and are mostly encoded on plasmids, which can be easily transmitted to other bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. Several clinical diseases caused by Klebsiella spp. infection have been confirmed in the horse community. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella spp. increases the risk of treatment failure in infected horses. In this study, we investigated the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella spp. isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. The results showed that ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL/AmpC-KP) isolated from horses have co-resistance to other β-lactam antibiotics as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Genetic relatedness analysis suggested that plasmid-mediated AmpC-KP clones may spread between horses. This is the first study to show K. pneumoniae carrying MDR plasmid-mediated AmpC isolated from racehorses. Continuous monitoring antimicrobial resistance to this species is required in order to control the spread of MDR ESBL/AmpC-KP in the racehorse community. Abstract Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing Klebsiella spp. have become a major health problem, leading to treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella spp. isolated from racehorses in Japan. Feces samples from 212 healthy Thoroughbred racehorses were collected from the Japan Racing Association Training Centers between March 2017 and August 2018. ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella spp. were isolated using selective medium containing 1 µg/mL cefotaxime. All isolates were subjected to bacterial species identification (MALDI-TOF MS), antimicrobial susceptibility test (disk diffusion test), characterization of resistance genes (PCR), conjugation assay, and genetic relatedness (multilocus sequence typing/MLST). Twelve ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL/AmpC-KP) were isolated from 3.3% of horse samples. Antimicrobial resistance profiling for 17 antimicrobials showed all ESBL/AmpC-KP were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Only 1 isolate was confirmed as an ESBL producer (blaCTX-M-2-positive), whereas the other 11 isolates were plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) producers (blaCMY positive). On the basis of MLST analysis, the ESBL-KP isolate was identified as sequence type (ST)-133 and four different STs among AmpC-KP isolates, ST-145, ST-4830, ST-4831, and ST-4832, were found to share six of the seven loci constituting a single-locus variant. This is the first study to show K. pneumoniae carrying MDR pAmpC isolated from a racehorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Sukmawinata
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (W.S.); (M.T.H.)
- Center for Animal Diseases Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7283
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (W.S.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Myo Thu Htun
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (W.S.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (W.S.); (M.T.H.)
- Center for Animal Diseases Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Diseased Horses in Austria. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020332. [PMID: 32093201 PMCID: PMC7070950 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered as a serious problem for public human health. To date, only a few broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella have been isolated from horses. Considering the zoonotic potential of the Klebsiella spp., and the close relationship between man and horse, this study intended to generate data on the genetic background of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp. isolated from horses in Austria. Overall, samples isolated between 2012 and 2019 from 1541 horses underwent bacteriological testing, resulting in 51 specimens tested positive for Klebsiella ssp. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that seven Klebsiella ssp. isolates were not only cefotaxime-resistant but also showed resistance against other classes of antibiotics so that they were considered to be multidrug-resistant. Data from whole genome sequencing and mating experiments strongly suggest that the majority of antibiotic resistance genes is encoded on plasmids in these seven multidrug-resistant Klebsiella ssp. Considering the potential threat when commensal Klebsiella inhabiting a healthy human gut acquire new antibiotic resistances due to the exchange of plasmids with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella ssp. from horses, further monitoring of horses and other domestic animals for the presence of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella, not only in Austria but worldwide is therefore advisable. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp. isolated from horses in Austria that originated from diseased horses. A total of seven non-repetitive cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella sp. isolates were obtained during diagnostic activities from autumn 2012 to October 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. The isolates were genotyped by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Four out of seven Klebsiella isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae, two as K. michiganensis and one as K. oxytoca. All isolates displayed a multi-drug resistant phenotype. The detection of resistance genes reflected well the phenotypic resistance profiles of the respective isolates. All but one isolate displayed the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype and carried CTX-M cefotaximases, whereas one isolate displayed an ESBL and AmpC phenotype and carried cephamycinase (CMY)-2 and sulfhydryl variable (SHV)-type b and Temoniera (TEM) β-lactamases. Among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, for different sequence types (ST) could be detected (ST147, ST307, ST1228, and a new ST4848). Besides resistance genes, a variety of virulence genes, including genes coding for yersiniabactin were detected. Considering the high proximity between horses and humans, our results undoubtedly identified a public health issue. This deserves to be also monitored in the years to come.
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Vega-Manriquez XD, Ubiarco-López A, Verdugo-Rodríguez A, Hernández-Chiñas U, Navarro-Ocaña A, Ahumada-Cota RE, Ramírez-Badillo D, Hernández-Díaz de León N, Eslava CA. Pet dogs potential transmitters of pathogenic Escherichia coli with resistance to antimicrobials. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1173-1179. [PMID: 32076735 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains are part of the normal biota of humans and animals; however, several clinical reports have implicated E. coli as the etiological agent of diarrhea in humans and companion animals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to know if companion dogs in the city of San Luis Potosi are colonized with virulent potentially harmful E. coli strains. Rectal swabs from 30 dogs, 13 with and 17 without diarrhea were analyzed. Phylogenetic and virulence genes analysis was performed to the E. coli isolates. Additionally, the Kirby-Bauer test was used to analyze the sensitivity to 32 different antimicrobials from 14 families. Eighty-five isolates were identified as E. coli and detected in 97% of healthy and diarrheic dog samples. E. coli isolates from healthy dogs carried several virulence genes, in contrast with those from diarrheic animals that presented only eaeA. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 57% and 43% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) groups respectively. Meanwhile, diarrheic dogs showed that 69% of the isolates were identified as virulent B2 and D phylogroups. Moreover, E. coli resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, quinolones, and folate inhibitors were detected in both groups of dogs. The presence of E. coli with eaeA virulence gene in diarrheic dogs, suggest that these strains are associated with the animal´s condition. Finally, major attention must be drawn to the careful handling of dogs because of their capability to harbor and disseminate virulent E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Vega-Manriquez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Ubiarco-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Verdugo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - U Hernández-Chiñas
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Navarro-Ocaña
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R E Ahumada-Cota
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Ramírez-Badillo
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - C A Eslava
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Sato W, Mitoma S, Kanda T, Sueyoshi M. IncI1 Plasmid Associated with blaCTX-M-2 Transmission in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorse, Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020070. [PMID: 32046117 PMCID: PMC7167754 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) were isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorse feces samples in Japan. Some ESBL genes were predicted to be located on the conjugative plasmid. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) is a useful method to monitor and detect the association of replicons with specific plasmid-borne resistant genes. This study aimed to evaluate the plasmid replicon associated with ESBLEC isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses at Japan Racing Association Training Centers in Japan. A total of 24 ESBLECs isolated from 23 (10.8%) individual Thoroughbred racehorse feces samples were used in this study. ESBL gene transfer was performed using a conjugation assay. Then, replicon types of ESBLEC isolates and their transconjugants were determined using PBRT. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to look at the clonality of the ESBLECs isolates. ESBLECs were detected from 10.8% of healthy Thoroughbred racehorses. The blaCTX-M-2 was identified as the dominant type of ESBL gene, followed by blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM-116. In this study, only the blaCTX-M-2 and the IncI1 plasmid were transferred to transconjugants. The PFGE results showed that ESBL genes were distributed in diversity of ESBLECs. This finding suggested that the IncI1 plasmid was associated with the dissemination of blaCTX-M-2 in Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Sukmawinata
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7283
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Takuya Kanda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Anderson REV, Boerlin P. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animals and methodologies for their detection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:3-17. [PMID: 31920216 PMCID: PMC6921994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are difficult to treat and pose an important threat for public health. Detecting and identifying them can be a challenging and time-consuming task. Due to the recent rise in prevalence of infections with these organisms, there is an increased demand for rapid and accurate detection methods. This review describes and contrasts current methods used for the identification and detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria to help control their spread in animal populations and along the food chain. The methods discussed include cultures used for screening clinical samples and primary isolation, susceptibility testing, culture-based and molecular confirmation tests. Advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations of the methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E V Anderson
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1
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Sukmawinata E, Sato W, Mitoma S, Kanda T, Kusano K, Kambayashi Y, Sato T, Ishikawa Y, Goto Y, Uemura R, Sueyoshi M. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. J Equine Sci 2019; 30:47-53. [PMID: 31592106 PMCID: PMC6773619 DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) have become a major
health concern in both human and veterinary medicine. These bacteria could become a
critical problem in equine medicine due to the limited number of antimicrobial drugs
available. However, there are no previous reports of ESBLEC isolated from horses in Japan.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of ESBLEC isolated from
feces in healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. Feces samples were collected from 147
healthy Thoroughbred racehorses by equine veterinarians at the Japan Racing Association
(103 from Miho Training Center and 44 from Ritto Training Center) between March 2017 and
April 2018. Samples were screened for ESBLECs using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1
µg/ml cefotaxime. Detection of ESBL genes was performed by PCR and confirmed by DNA
sequencing. Horizontal transmission was demonstrated by conjugation assay. In this study,
24 ESBLECs were isolated from twelve horse feces samples (8.2%). All ESBLECs harbored
blaCTX-M-2, and both blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-2 were
detected in nine isolates (37.5%). ESBLECs showed resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics
(100%) tested, followed by trimethoprim (66.7%), streptomycin (62.5%), tetracycline
(25.0%), and oxytetracycline (25.0%). Horizontal transmission was successfully
demonstrated by conjugation assay in eight of 13 isolates, and blaCTX-M-2 was
detected by PCR in all transconjugants. This study showed that racehorses in Japan are
potential reservoirs of ESBLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Sukmawinata
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takuya Kanda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kanichi Kusano
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3005, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Sato
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3005, Japan
| | - Yuhiro Ishikawa
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3005, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Goto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Kang H, Wang L, Li Y, Lu Y, Fan W, Bi R, Qian H, Gu B. Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei with Class 1, Class 2, and Atypical Class 1 Integrons in China. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1465-1474. [PMID: 31369341 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella, a major causative agent of bacterial dysentery, has generated many concerns not only in China but also worldwide. However, the prevalence of Shigella resistance caused by integron in the nonpopular season of diarrhea is not clear. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one Shigella flexneri and 22 Shigella sonnei samples collected in December 2010 from 10 cities of China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, gene cassettes, widespread of integrons, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile. Results: Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 29 (93.5%) S. flexneri and 20 (90.9%) S. sonnei isolates. Class 1 integrons were detected in 25 (80.6%) S. flexneri and in 13 (59.1%) S. sonnei isolates; class 2 integrons were detected in 26 (83.9%) S. flexneri and in 19 (86.4%) S. sonnei isolates. Interestingly, the atypical class 1 integrons were mostly detected in S. flexneri (45.2%) isolates, whereas in only 1 (4.5%) S. sonnei isolate. DNA sequencing revealed two novel cassette arrays, dfrA5 and aacA4-cmlA, of class 1 integrons in S. flexneri, and dfrA17-aadA5 in S. sonnei isolates. The cassette arrays, dfrA1-sat1-aadA1 of class 2 integron and blaoxa-30-aadA1 of atypical class 1 integron, were also identified. PFGE profiles demonstrated A6 subtype of S. flexneri strains prevalent in Shanghai, Changchun, Jinan, and Changsha; and F6 subtype of S. sonnei prevalent in Jinan, Changchun, and Shanghai. Conclusion: The dissemination of MDR Shigella strains with integrons makes it an increasing public health problem in China. Increased surveillance and the development of adequate prevention strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fan
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruru Bi
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Qian
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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60
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Trigo da Roza F, Couto N, Carneiro C, Cunha E, Rosa T, Magalhães M, Tavares L, Novais Â, Peixe L, Rossen JW, Lamas LP, Oliveira M. Commonality of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST348 Isolates in Horses and Humans in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1657. [PMID: 31379799 PMCID: PMC6657530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a major global concern by the World Health Organization. Evidence is growing on the importance of circulation of MDR bacterial populations between animals and humans. Horses have been shown to carry commensal isolates of this bacterial species and can act as human MDR bacteria reservoirs. In this study, we characterized an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 348 isolate from a horse, an ST reported for the first time in an animal, using next-generation sequencing. We compared it with six other MDR K. pneumoniae ST348 human isolates previously identified in health-care facilities in Portugal using a core genome multi-locus sequence typing approach to evaluate a possible genetic link. The horse isolate was resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested, including 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, and presented several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaESBL. Twenty-one allele differences were found between the horse isolate and the most similar human isolate, suggesting a recent common ancestor. Other similarities were observed regarding the content on antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility groups, and capsular and somatic antigens. This study illustrates the relevance of the dissemination of MDR strains, and enhances that identification of these types of bacterial strains in both human and veterinary settings is of significant relevance in order to understand and implement combined control strategies for MDR bacteria in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Trigo da Roza
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natacha Couto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carla Carneiro
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rosa
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John W Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luís P Lamas
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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61
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SANJUKTA RK, SURMANI H, MANDAKINI RK, MILTON AAP, DAS S, PURO K, GHATAK S, SHAKUNTALA I, SEN A. Characterization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli strains from healthy swine herds of north-eastern India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i6.91104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fecal samples (225) from apparently healthy pigs were analysed for E. coli isolation. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (42) were identified from 225 E. coli isolates. Forty isolates exhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype harbouring single to multiple-sized plasmids (1 kb to ≥ 25 kb). Overall blaTEM (85.7%) was the commonest genotype, followed by blaCTX-M (61.9%), blaOXA (17%) and blaSHV was not recovered. Other antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) identified were sul2 (100%), strA (95.2%), tetA (92.9%), sul1 (76%), aadA (71.4%), tetB (50%), cat (42.9%) and aac(3)IV (26.2%). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) positive strains totalled to 59.5% for qnrB, 19.04% for qnrS but qnrA was not detected. Integron genes were detected either singly or combined: intI1 (76.2%), intI2 (26.2%). Conjugation experiment was successful for 4 ESBL producers. The present study detected higher carriage of ESBL producing E. coli in pigs, and highlights the dominance of resistance and integron genes circulating in MDR E. coli from swine of northeast India, posing a threat of horizontal gene transfer.
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62
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Hong JS, Song W, Park HM, Oh JY, Chae JC, Shin S, Jeong SH. Clonal Spread of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Between Companion Animals and Humans in South Korea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1371. [PMID: 31275286 PMCID: PMC6591270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is an increasingly important problem in both human and veterinary medicine. The aims of this study were to describe a comparative molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae carrying ESC resistance genes, encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC, isolated from human stool samples, rectal swabs from companion animals, and swabs from the environment of veterinarian hospitals in South Korea, and to examine their possible dissemination and transmission. The ESC resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Isolates with the predominant ESC resistance genes were assessed for their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing. A total of 195 Escherichia coli and 41 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that exhibited ESC resistance were recovered on CHROMagar ESBL from human, companion animal, and the veterinary hospital environmental samples. In companion animals, most of the ESC resistance genes were blaCMY–2–like (26.4%), followed by blaCTX –M–55 (17.2%) and blaCTX–M–14 (16.1%), whereas blaCTX–M–15 (28.6%) was predominant in human samples. The epidemiological relatedness of isolates carrying ESC resistance genes, including 124 E. coli and 23 K. pneumoniae isolates carrying CMY-2-like, DHA-1-like, or/and CTX-M-type, were analyzed by PFGE. The pulsotypes of five E. coli isolates (three from dogs and two from humans) carrying blaCMY–2–like, which were attributed to sequence type 405, from different veterinary clinics showed >85% similarity. Our results indicate direct transmission and dissemination of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae between humans and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Chae
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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63
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Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Haenni M, Gay E, Leblond A. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:112-119. [PMID: 31033041 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horses are one of the potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that could be transferred to human subjects. OBJECTIVE To describe the AMR patterns of major bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study. METHODS Data collected between 2012 and 2016 by RESAPATH, the French national surveillance network for AMR, were analysed. Only antimicrobials relevant in veterinary and human medicine for the isolated bacteria were considered. Mono- and multidrug resistance were calculated. The resistance proportions of major equine diseases were assessed and compared. Where data permitted, resistance trends were investigated using nonlinear analysis (generalised additive models). RESULTS A total of 12,695 antibiograms were analysed. The five most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. The highest proportions of resistance to gentamicin were found for S. aureus (22.1%) and Pseudomonas spp. (26.9%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli had the highest proportions of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.5 and 26.2%, respectively). Proportions of resistance to tetracycline were among the highest for all the bacteria considered. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was below 10% for all Enterobacteriaceae. The highest proportions of multidrug resistance (22.5%) were found among S. aureus isolates, which is worrying given their zoonotic potential. From 2012 to 2016, resistance proportions decreased in Pseudomonas spp. isolates, but remained the same for S. aureus. For Streptococcus spp. and E. coli, resistance proportions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased. MAIN LIMITATIONS Since antibiograms are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could impact the results. CONCLUSIONS Such studies are essential to estimate the magnitude of the potential threat of AMR to public health, to design efficient control strategies and to measure their effectiveness. These findings may also guide the initial empirical treatment of horse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourély
- École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetagroSup, Marcy l'Étoile, France.,Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.,Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - G Cazeau
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - N Jarrige
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - M Haenni
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - E Gay
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - A Leblond
- Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
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Bortolami A, Zendri F, Maciuca EI, Wattret A, Ellis C, Schmidt V, Pinchbeck G, Timofte D. Diversity, Virulence, and Clinical Significance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and pAmpC-Producing Escherichia coli From Companion Animals. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1260. [PMID: 31231344 PMCID: PMC6560200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are opportunistic pathogens with the potential to cause a variety of infections in both humans and animals and in many cases have developed antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we characterized extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant (ESCR) E. coli isolates from diseased companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses) and related the results to clinical findings. ESCR E. coli clinical isolates obtained over a 6-year period were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC) and virulence markers likely to be associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). ESBL and/or pAmpC genetic determinants were identified in 79.9% of the ESCR E. coli isolates with bla CTX-M genes being the most common ESBL genotype of which bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55 were the most prevalent. In addition, bla CMY -2 was the most common genotype identified amongst pAmpC producing isolates. Phylogenetic group typing showed that B2 was the most prevalent phylogroup among the ESCR E. coli isolates, followed by the closely related phylogroups D and F which are also associated with extra-intestinal infections. ESCR was also identified in phylogroups commonly regarded as commensals (B1, A, and C). Virulence factor (VF) scores >2 were mostly present amongst isolates in phylogroup B2. Higher virulence scores were found in isolates lacking ESBL/pAmpC resistance genes compared with those carrying both genes (p < 0.05). Five of phylogroup B2 isolates, were typed to the pandemic virulent O25b-ST131 clone and three ST131 isolates carrying bla CTX-M-15 belonged to the subclade C2/H30Rx whilst one isolate carrying bla CTX-M-27 typed to the recently described sub-clade C1-M27. MLST typing also identified other sequence types commonly associated with infections in humans (ST410, ST10, and ST648). Most ESCR E. coli isolates obtained in pure growth were cultured from normally sterile body sites (mostly from urinary tract infections, UTIs) whilst only a small proportion were obtained from body sites populated with commensal flora (p < 0.0001). Our study has shown that ExPEC ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli isolates are common amongst companion animal isolates and are associated with colonization and infection. In addition, their isolation from a normally sterile site is likely to be clinically significant and warrants antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bortolami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Iuliana Maciuca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Wattret
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Ellis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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de Lagarde M, Larrieu C, Praud K, Schouler C, Doublet B, Sallé G, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:902-911. [PMID: 30648296 PMCID: PMC6430864 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remains scarce. OBJECTIVES We estimated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding of multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing, or some combination of these in Escherichia coli in horses in France. We characterized ESBL/AmpC isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence and ESBL/AmpC-associated resistance genes. ANIMALS Fecal samples from healthy adult horses at 41 premises were collected. A questionnaire was completed by each premises manager. A subset of these samples was tested to build 2 bacterial collections. METHODS Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (enrichment with ceftriaxone) E. coli tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Prevalence of isolates nonsusceptible to antimicrobials was estimated at the horse and the premises level. The ESBL/AmpC and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates at premises. RESULTS Approximately 44% of horses shed MDR E. coli. Resistance most commonly was observed to ampicillin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Twenty-nine percent of premises housed horses shedding ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. The ESBL/AmpC gene most commonly identified was blaCTX-M-1 . Virulence gene iutA was identified in 1 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolate. Medical treatment, staff numbers, and activity were identified as risk factors for housing horses shedding ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Prevalence of healthy horses harboring ESBL/AmpC genes and MDR isolates in their intestinal microbiota is substantial. Risk factors could be used to elaborate guidelines to prevent their dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud de Lagarde
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Caroline Larrieu
- ISPInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de ToursNouzillyFrance
| | - Karine Praud
- ISPInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de ToursNouzillyFrance
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISPInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de ToursNouzillyFrance
| | - Benoît Doublet
- ISPInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de ToursNouzillyFrance
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- ISPInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de ToursNouzillyFrance
| | - John M. Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalQuebecCanada
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.
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67
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Kaspar U, von Lützau A, Schlattmann A, Roesler U, Köck R, Becker K. Zoonotic multidrug-resistant microorganisms among small companion animals in Germany. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208364. [PMID: 30532196 PMCID: PMC6285998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) can be transmitted between companion animals and their human owners. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in different companion animal species. Dogs (n = 192), cats (n = 74), and rabbits (n = 17), treated in a veterinary practice and hospital or living in an animal shelter and private households, were sampled. All facilities were located in a region characterized by a high density of pig production. Nasal, buccal and perianal swabs were enriched and cultured on solid chromogenic selective media. A subgroup of 20 animals (13 dogs, 3 cats, 4 rabbits) was analyzed for the presence of staphylococci other than S. aureus. Amongst all animals (n = 283), twenty dogs (10.4%) and six cats (8.1%) carried S. aureus. MRSA was found in five dogs (2.6%) and two cats (2.7%). Isolates were of spa types t011, t034, t108 (all mecA-positive, ST398), and t843 (mecC-positive, ST130), typical for livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Except for one dog, MRSA-positive animals did not have direct contact to husbandry. ESBL-Escherichia coli (blaCTX-M/blaTEM/blaSHV genes) were present in seven dogs (3.6%), one cat (1.4%) possessed a cefotaxime-resistant Citrobacter freundii isolate (blaTEM/blaCMY-2 genes). MDRO carriage was associated with animals from veterinary medical settings (p<0.05). One dog and one rabbit carried methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The exclusive occurrence of MRSA lineages typically described for livestock stresses the impact of MDRO strain dissemination across species barriers in regional settings. Presence of ESBL-E and LA-MRSA among pets and probable dissemination in clinical settings support the necessity of a “One Health” approach to address the potential threats due to MDRO-carrying companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kaspar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexa von Lützau
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlattmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, FU Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Köck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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68
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Vázquez-López R, Solano-Gálvez S, León-Chávez BA, Thompson-Bonilla MR, Guerrero-González T, Gómez-Conde E, Martínez-Fong D, González-Barrios JA. Characterization of Gene Families Encoding Beta-Lactamases of Gram-Negative Rods Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Vegetables in Mexico City. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7040036. [PMID: 30477153 PMCID: PMC6306796 DOI: 10.3390/ht7040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactam resistant bacteria, which are commonly resident in tertiary hospitals, have emerged as a worldwide health problem because of ready-to-eat vegetable intake. We aimed to characterize the genes that provide resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from five commercial salad brands for human consumption in Mexico City. In total, twenty-five samples were collected, grown in blood agar plates, and the bacteria were biochemistry identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. The carried family genes were identified by endpoint PCR and the specific genes were confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Twelve positive cultures were identified and their microbiological distribution was as follows: 8.3% for Enterobacter aerogene (n = 1), 8.3% for Serratia fonticola (n = 1), 16.7% for Serratia marcesens (n = 2), 16.7% for Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), and 50% (n = 6) for Enterobacter cloacae. The endpoint PCR results showed 11 colonies positive for blaBIL (91.7%), 11 for blaSHV (91.7%), 11 for blaCTX (97.7%), 12 for blaDHA (100%), four for blaVIM (33.3%), two for blaOXA (16.7%), two for blaIMP (16.7%), one for blaKPC (8.3%), and one for blaTEM (8.3%) gen; all samples were negative for blaROB, blaCMY, blaP, blaCFX and blaLAP gene. The sequencing analysis revealed a specific genotype for Enterobacter cloacae (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1, blaKPC-2); Serratia marcescens (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-3, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2); Klebsiella pneumoniae (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1); Serratia fonticola (blaSHV-12, blaVIM-1, blaDHA-1); and, Enterobacter aerogene (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-1, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-9). Our results indicate that beta-lactam-resistant bacteria have acquired integrons with a different number of genes that provide pan-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, oxacillins, cefalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and imipenems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalino Vázquez-López
- CICSA Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de Mexico 52786, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Solano-Gálvez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Bertha A León-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico-Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Manuel, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - María R Thompson-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre", ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico.
| | - Tayde Guerrero-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre", ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Conde
- División de Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional General de División "Manuel Ávila Camacho", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 72090, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico.
| | - Juan A González-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre", ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico.
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Occurrence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteria In Horses. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to isolate generic extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria from horses in Nigeria, and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile. Rectal swabs were collected from 155, systematic randomly selected, apparently-healthy horses. Isolation of ESC-resistant enterobacteria was done using Mac Conkey agar with ceftazidime. ESBL production was assessed by combination disc method. Resistance of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of 155 samples, 5.2% gave positive growth. From these, 11 ESC-resistant enterobacteria comprising of 36.4% E. coli, 36.4% Salmonella spp. and 27.2% Proteus spp., were obtained. From 11 isolates, 45.5% consisting of all the 4 E. coli and 1 Proteus isolates, were ESBL-producers, these were recovered from 4 (2.6%) out of the 155 horses sampled. Resistance of the E. coli isolates was 25% to aztreonam (AZT), 75% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), gentamicin (GEN), perfloxacin (PEF), and sulphamethoxazoletrimethoprim (SXT-TRI), 50% to ofloxacin (OFL) and 100% to ampicillin (AMP), ceftazidime (CTZ), cefotaxime (CTX), chloramphenicol (CHL), streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), sparfloxacin (SPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and enrofloxacin (ENR). Resistance of the Salmonella isolates was 50% to PEF and 100% to CTZ, CTX, AMP, AZT, AMC, CHL, GEN, STR, TET, SPA, CIP, OFL, NOR and ENR. Resistance of the Proteus isolates was 25% to AMC, CHL, STR, TET, SPA and NOR, and 100% to CTZ, CTX, AZT and AMP. Resistance of the isolates to more than 3 classes of antibacterial agents tested was 75% for Proteus and 100% for E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. This study showed that horses in Nigeria are potential reservoirs and disseminators of ESC-resistant and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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70
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Boehmer T, Vogler AJ, Thomas A, Sauer S, Hergenroether M, Straubinger RK, Birdsell D, Keim P, Sahl JW, Williamson CHD, Riehm JM. Phenotypic characterization and whole genome analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria isolated from dogs in Germany. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206252. [PMID: 30365516 PMCID: PMC6203360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been described for humans, various mammal species, and birds. Here, antimicrobial resistant bacteria were recovered from dog feces originating in Germany, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Croatia, and Ukraine, with a subset of mostly E. coli isolates obtained from a longitudinal collection over twelve months. In vitro antimicrobial resistance testing revealed various patterns of resistance against single or all investigated beta-lactam antibiotics, with none of the 101 isolates resistant against two tested carbapenem antibiotics. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed bacteria species-specific patterns for 23 antimicrobial resistance coding DNA sequences (CDS) that were unapparent from the in vitro analysis alone. Phylogenetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) revealed clonal bacterial isolates originating from different dogs, suggesting transmission between dogs in the same community. However, individual resistant E. coli clones were not detected over a period longer than seven days. Multi locus sequence typing (MLST) of 85 E. coli isolates revealed 31 different sequence types (ST) with an accumulation of ST744 (n = 9), ST10 (n = 8), and ST648 (n = 6), although the world-wide hospital-associated CTX-M beta-lactamase producing ST131 was not detected. Neither the antimicrobial resistance CDSs patterns nor the phylogenetic analysis revealed an epidemiological correlation among the longitudinal isolates collected from a period longer than seven days. No genetic linkage could be associated with the geographic origin of isolates. In conclusion, healthy dogs frequently carry ESBL-producing bacteria, independent to prior treatment, which may be transmitted between individual dogs of the same community. Otherwise, these antimicrobial resistant bacteria share few commonalities, making their presence eerily unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Boehmer
- Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Amy J. Vogler
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hergenroether
- Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Reinhard K. Straubinger
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dawn Birdsell
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paul Keim
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Sahl
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Charles H. D. Williamson
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Julia M. Riehm
- Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Garching, Bavaria, Germany
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71
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Zeynudin A, Pritsch M, Schubert S, Messerer M, Liegl G, Hoelscher M, Belachew T, Wieser A. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:524. [PMID: 30342476 PMCID: PMC6196031 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in clinical isolates obtained from various hospitals in Ethiopia. However, there is no data on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of CTX-M type ESBL produced by Gram-negative bacilli. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of the blaCTX-M genes and the susceptibility patterns in ESBL producing clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), southwest Ethiopia. Methods A total of 224 non-duplicate and pure isolates obtained from clinically apparent infections, were included in the study. Identification of the isolates was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Susceptibility testing and ESBL detection was performed using VITEK® 2, according to EUCAST v4.0 guidelines. Genotypic analysis was performed using Check-MDR CT103 Microarrays. Results Of the total 112 (50.0%) isolates screen positive for ESBLs, 63.4% (71/112) tested positive for ESBL encoding genes by Check-MDR array, which corresponds to 91.8% (67/73) of the total Enterobacteriaceae and 10.3% (4/39) of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli. Among the total ESBL gene positive isolates, 95.8% (68/71) carried blaCTX-M genes with CTX-M group 1 type15 being predominant (66/68; 97.1% of CTX-M genes). The blaCTX-M carrying Enterobacteriaceae (n = 64) isolates showed no resistance against imipenem and meropenem and a moderate resistance rate against tigecycline (14.1%), fosfomycin (10.9%) and amikacin (1.6%) suggesting the effectiveness of these antibiotics against most isolates. On the other hand, all the blaCTX-M positive Enterobacteriaceae showed a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype with remarkable co-resistances (non-susceptibility rates) to aminoglycosides (92.2%), fluoroquinolones (78.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (92.2%). Conclusions This study demonstrates a remarkably high prevalence of blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing isolates. The high level of resistance to β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics as well as the trend to a MDR profile associated with the blaCTX-M genes are alarming and emphasize the need for routine diagnostic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for appropriate choice of antimicrobial therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3436-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zeynudin
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Center for International Health (CIH), University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Schubert
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Liegl
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Center for International Health (CIH), University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Tefara Belachew
- Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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72
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Suay-García B, Galán F, Rodríguez-Iglesias MA, Pérez-Gracia MT. Detection and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli in Animals. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:115-120. [PMID: 30129883 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a growing problem; however, the role of domesticated animals in the propagation of antimicrobial resistance has barely been studied. The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains in domestic animal feces to assess their antimicrobial resistance profile and carry out molecular characterization of the β-lactamases. A total of 325 samples were collected from eight animal species. Of these, 34 bacterial isolates were identified as E. coli. The antibiotic resistance profile of the E. coli strains was as follows: 100% resistant to amoxicillin, aztreonam, and cephalosporins; 58.8% resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 41.2% resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin; 11.8% resistant and 32.4% intermediate to cefoxitin; 97.1% sensible and 2.9% intermediate to amoxicillin/clavulanate; and 100% sensible to ertapenem, minocycline, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and colistin. All 34 E. coli strains met criteria for ESBL production. In total, 46 β-lactamase genes were detected: 43.5% blaTEM, 30.4% blaCTX-M (23.9% blaCTX-M-1 and 6.5% blaCTX-M-9), and 26.1% blaSHV (17.4% blaSHV-5 and 8.7% blaSHV-12). All the β-lactamases were found in dogs except for four blaSHV found in falcons. No plasmidic AmpC genes were found. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli strains in animals could become a zoonotic transmission vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Suay-García
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, España
| | - Fátima Galán
- 2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , Cádiz, España
| | | | - María Teresa Pérez-Gracia
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, España
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Borzi MM, Cardozo MV, Oliveira ESD, Pollo ADS, Guastalli EAL, Santos LFD, Ávila FAD. Characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from free-range helmeted guineafowl. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:107-112. [PMID: 30170963 PMCID: PMC6328720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from apparently healthy free range helmeted guineafowl were characterized. Most of them had a high frequency of virulence associated genes, multi drug resistance and high pathogenicity. We demonstrated that helmeted guineafowl have potential to transmit antibiotic resistant APEC to other species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Monezi Borzi
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Programa em Microbiologia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Programa em Microbiologia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Schirato de Oliveira
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Programa em Microbiologia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza Pollo
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Antonio de Ávila
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Programa em Microbiologia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Ye Q, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang J, Xue L, Chen M. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae From Retail Food in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1709. [PMID: 30135680 PMCID: PMC6092486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the β-lactamase genes and phenotypic resistance of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail foods in China. Of 1,024 Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from raw meat products, aquatic products, raw vegetables, retail-level ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, frozen foods, and mushrooms from 2011 to 2014, 164 (16.0%) showed cefotaxime (CTX) and/or ceftazidime (CAZ) cephalosporin resistance, and 96 (9.4%) showed the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. More than 30% isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents except carbapenems (MEM 3.1% and IPM 5.2%), cefoxitin (FOX 6.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC 26%), and 94.8% of the strains were resistant to up to seven antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that blaTEM (81.9%) was the most common gene, followed by blaCTX-M (68.1%) and blaSHV (38.9%). Moreover, 16.8% (72/429) of food samples contained ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae, with the following patterns: 32.9% (23/70) in frozen foods, 27.2% (5/29) in mushrooms, 17.6% (24/131) in raw meats, 13.3% (4/30) in fresh vegetables, 11.1% (8/72) in RTE foods, and 9.3% (9/97) in aquatic products. In addition, 24 of 217 foods collected in South China (11.1%), 25 of 131 foods collected in North of the Yangtze River region (19.1%), and 23 of 81 foods collected in South of the Yangtze River region (28.4%) were positive for ESBL- Enterobacteriaceae. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the 22 of 72 isolates were transconjugants that had received the β-lactamase gene and were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics as well as some non-β-lactam antibiotics. These findings demonstrated that retail foods may be reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics and that resistance genes could be transmitted to humans through the food chain; and the predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in China was isolated from in frozen chicken-meat, followed by frozen pork, cold noodles in sauce, cucumber, raw chicken meat, frozen pasta, brine-soaked chicken and tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Vu TTT, Alter T, Roesler U, Roschanski N, Huehn S. Investigation of Extended-Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in Berlin, Germany. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1079-1086. [PMID: 29897274 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retail seafood in Berlin, Germany, was investigated to detect the prevalence and quantitative load of Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC). A total of 160 raw seafood samples were screened for the presence of these bacteria using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime after nonselective enrichment. Isolated species were subsequently identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight analysis. ESBL and AmpC production was tested by the disk diffusion method, and ESBL and AmpC genes were characterized using real-time and conventional PCR assays with DNA sequencing. Spread plating was used for quantification of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, these bacteria were detected in 21.3% of seafood samples (34 of 160 samples) with prevalences of 22.5 and 20% for shrimp and bivalves, respectively. Of the positive samples, 91.2% contained an ESBL- or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae load of <100 CFU/g (lower detection limit), and 8.8% contained 100 to 1,000 CFU/g. Among the 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (13 isolates) and Escherichia coli (12 isolates) were the predominant species. ESBL and AmpC genes were detected in 33 isolates, with the majority of isolates harboring blaCTX-M (27.3%), blaCMY (21.2%), or blaDHA (21.2%). Our study highlights the hazard associated with seafood containing ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Germany. Even though the contamination levels were low, the high prevalence of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in seafood might be of concern to public health because of the potential transmission of these bacteria from seafood to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uwe Roesler
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Nicole Roschanski
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Stephan Huehn
- 3 Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany
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Alousi S, Salloum T, Arabaghian H, Matar GM, Araj GF, Tokajian ST. Genomic Characterization of MDR Escherichia coli Harboring blaOXA-48 on the IncL/M-type Plasmid Isolated from Blood Stream Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3036143. [PMID: 30050923 PMCID: PMC6046176 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3036143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is responsible for a wide variety of community and hospital acquired extraintestinal infections, and the emergence of ESBL resistant isolates is a major clinical concern. In this study, we characterized the genomic attributes of an OXA-48 and CTX-M-3 producing E. coli EC-IMP153. Whole-genome initial assembly produced 146 contigs with a combined 5,504,170 bp in size and a G+C content of 50.5%. wgSNPs-based phylogenetic comparison with 36 publically available genomes was also performed. Comprehensive genomic analysis showed that EC-IMP153 belonged to sequence type ST-405 and harbored several resistance determinants including the β-lactam resistance genes blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, and blaCMY-70, aminoglycoside fyuA and aac(3)IId, tetracycline tet(A) and tet(R), and fluoroquinolone gyrA, parC, and mfd resistance determinants. Plasmids with the following incompatibility groups were detected in silico and confirmed using PBRT: IncI1-α, IncL, IncW, Col (BS512), and IncF. To our knowledge this is the first in-depth genomic analysis of an OXA-48 producing E. coli ST-405 isolated from a patient in Lebanon and linked to a blood stream infection. Continuous monitoring is necessary to better understand the continued diffusion of such pathogens, especially in view of the population movements triggered by unrest in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Alousi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - T. Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - H. Arabaghian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - G. M. Matar
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G. F. Araj
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S. T. Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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77
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Pulss S, Stolle I, Stamm I, Leidner U, Heydel C, Semmler T, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C. Multispecies and Clonal Dissemination of OXA-48 Carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae From Companion Animals in Germany, 2009-2016. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1265. [PMID: 29963026 PMCID: PMC6010547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) poses a serious threat to public health. Recent studies suggested animals as a putative source of such bacteria. We investigated 19,025 Escherichia coli, 1607 Klebsiella spp. and 570 Enterobacter spp. isolated from livestock, companion animal, horse, and pet samples between 2009 and 2016 in our routine diagnostic laboratory for reduced susceptibility to carbapenems (CP) by using meropenem-containing media. Actively screened CP non-susceptible strains as well as 367 archived ESBL/AmpC-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were then tested for the presence of CP genes by PCRs. Among 21,569 isolates, OXA-48 could be identified as the sole carbapenemase type in 137 (0.64%) strains. The blaOXA-48 gene was located on an ∼60-kb IncL plasmid and sequence analysis revealed high similarity to reference plasmid pOXA-48a, which has been involved in the global spread of the blaOXA-48 gene in humans for many years. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant OXA-48 producer (n = 86; 6.6% of all K. pneumoniae isolates), followed by E. cloacae (n = 28; 5.0%), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1; 0.3%), and E. coli (n = 22, 0.1%). OXA-48 was not found in livestock, but in dogs (120/3182; 3.8%), cats (13/792; 1.6%), guinea pig (1/43; 2.3%), rat (1/23; 4.3%), mouse (1/180; 0.6%), and one rabbit (1/144; 0.7%). Genotyping identified few major clones among the different enterobacteria species, including sequence types ST11 and ST15 for K. pneumoniae, ST1196 for E. coli, and ST506 and ST78 for E. cloacae, most of which were previously involved in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains in humans. The majority of OXA-48 isolates (n = 112) originated from a university veterinary clinic (UVC), while animals from further 16 veterinary institutions were positive. Clonal analyses suggested nosocomial events related to different species and STs in two veterinary clinics and horizontal transfer of the pOXA-48-like plasmid between bacterial species and animals. A systematic monitoring is urgently needed to assess the dissemination of CPE not only in livestock but also in companion animals and veterinary clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pulss
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Inka Stolle
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ivonne Stamm
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Leidner
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Heydel
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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78
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Lupo A, Haenni M, Saras E, Gradin J, Madec JY, Börjesson S. Is bla CTX-M-1 Riding the Same Plasmid Among Horses in Sweden and France? Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1580-1586. [PMID: 29792781 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A predominance of the blaCTX-M-1/IncHI1 plasmid combination in horses has been reported in Czech-Republic, Denmark, and The Netherlands. To clarify a possible specific plasmid epidemiology of blaCTX-M-1 in horses in a European perspective, a collection of 74 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli recovered from diseased horses in France and Sweden during the period 2009-2014 was investigated in respect of their genetic relatedness, plasmid content, and molecular features. Overall, 80% of E. coli isolates from diseased horses harbored blaCTX-M-1 on large IncHI1 plasmids with plasmid sequence type (pST) 2 and pST9 more prevalent in Sweden and France, respectively. In French isolates, IncI1/pST3 plasmids were also identified. The CTX-M-1-producing E. coli belonged principally to the clonal complex 10. ST641, together with its single locus variant, and ST1730 constituted two other major groups. The rep-PCR clustering highlighted a clonal dissemination of E. coli CTX-M-1 producers in different regions of the same country and during several years. The STs found in our isolates were also reported in The Netherlands, suggesting a common source of contamination in Europe, although only further cooperative investigation will clarify this issue. On the other hand, the spread of IncI1/pST3 plasmids among horses constitutes another worrisome issue considering their successful spread in other animal hosts such as chicken or bovines. Monitoring evolution and propagation of antimicrobial resistance in equine environment is a priority to avoid further propagation of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms threatening human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Lupo
- 1 Université de Lyon-ANSES , Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- 1 Université de Lyon-ANSES , Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- 1 Université de Lyon-ANSES , Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Joanna Gradin
- 2 Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- 1 Université de Lyon-ANSES , Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- 2 Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
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79
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Köck R, Daniels-Haardt I, Becker K, Mellmann A, Friedrich AW, Mevius D, Schwarz S, Jurke A. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in wildlife, food-producing, and companion animals: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1241-1250. [PMID: 29654871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in healthcare settings challenges clinicians worldwide. However, little is known about dissemination of CRE in livestock, food, and companion animals and potential transmission to humans. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all studies published in the PubMed database between 1980 and 2017 and included those reporting the occurrence of CRE in samples from food-producing and companion animals, wildlife, and exposed humans. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CRE in samples from these animals; secondary outcomes included the prevalence of CRE, carbapenemase types, CRE genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS We identified 68 articles describing CRE among pigs, poultry, cattle, seafood, dogs, cats, horses, pet birds, swallows, wild boars, wild stork, gulls, and black kites in Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The following carbapenemases have been detected (predominantly affecting the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella): VIM, KPC, NDM, OXA, and IMP. Two studies found that 33-67% of exposed humans on poultry farms carried carbapenemase-producing CRE closely related to isolates from the farm environment. Twenty-seven studies selectively screened samples for CRE and found a prevalence of <1% among livestock and companion animals in Europe, 2-26% in Africa, and 1-15% in Asia. Wildlife (gulls) in Australia and Europe carried CRE in 16-19%. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of CRE in livestock, seafood, wildlife, pets, and directly exposed humans poses a risk for public health. Prospective prevalence studies using molecular and cultural microbiological methods are needed to better define the scope and transmission of CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Köck
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany; Institute of Hospital Hygiene Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - I Daniels-Haardt
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - K Becker
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
| | - A Mellmann
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - A W Friedrich
- Department for Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Mevius
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Schwarz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Jurke
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
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80
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Melo LC, Boisson MNG, Saras E, Médaille C, Boulouis HJ, Madec JY, Haenni M. OXA-48-producing ST372 Escherichia coli in a French dog. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:1256-1258. [PMID: 28039279 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luana C Melo
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69364, France.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marine N G Boisson
- Biopole Alfort, ENVA, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Christine Médaille
- CHUVA, ENVA, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
| | - Henri-Jean Boulouis
- Biopole Alfort, ENVA, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69364, France
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81
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Yaghoubi S, Ranjbar R, Soltan Dallal MM, Shirazi MH, Sharifi-Yazdi MK. Frequency of Mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Shigella Isolates Recovered from Pediatric Patients in Tehran, Iran: An Overlooked Problem. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:699-706. [PMID: 29148915 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in clinical isolates of Shigella species has been increasing reported in recent years. This study was carried out to find the mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants among the clinical isolates of Shigella sp. in Tehran, Iran. A total of 50 Shigella isolates were collected from five teaching therapeutic centers in Tehran, Iran and analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility over a period of 20 months from July 2015 to January 2017. The PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing were used for genetic alterations in the QRDRs. The PMQR genes were detected using PCR. The results revealed four types of mutations in the QRDR of gyrA: 20 (40%) had a S83L mutation, 1 (2%) had a S83A mutation, 2 (4%) had a D87G mutation, and 1 (2%) isolate had a D87Y mutation. Mutations were also found at codon N57D, D200N, and E210K in three isolates. Seven hospitalized children had qnrS determinants, and one isolates had the mutation S83A, while two isolates had double mutations at S83L and/or D87G (Ser83Leu and Asp-87Gly). The PMQR gene-positive isolates had the single replacement of serine with leucine. In hospitalized children, two isolates had two types of PMQR determinants (qnrS and qnrA) and (qnrS and qnrB) at once. The results of this study indicate that the emergence of strains with mutations in the QRDR regions and the capture of PMQR determinants in strains may lead to failure in therapy with FQ and the widespread emergence of strains with high-level FQ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Yaghoubi
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- 2 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,3 Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Sharifi-Yazdi
- 4 Zoonosis Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,5 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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82
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Mairi A, Pantel A, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Touati A. OXA-48-like carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae in different niches. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 37:587-604. [PMID: 28990132 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacterial species poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. OXA-48-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases are widely distributed among Enterobacteriaceae, with significant geographical differences. To date, 11 OXA-48-like variants have been identified, with classical OXA-48 being the most widespread. These enzymes show high-level hydrolytic activity against penicillins and low-level hydrolysis towards carbapenems. Since the first description of the OXA-48 carbapenemase in Turkey, bacterial strains producing the enzyme have been extensively reported in nosocomial and community outbreaks in many parts of the word, particularly in the Mediterranean area and European countries. The rapid spread of Enterobacteriaceae producing OXA-48-like enzymes in different ecosystems has become a serious issue recently. The number of reservoirs for such organisms is increasing, not only in hospitals, but also in the community, among animals (e.g., livestock, companion animals, and wildlife) and in the environment. This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of the OXA-48-type carbapenemases, covering genetic and enzymatic traits, their epidemiology, clonality and associated genes, correlation with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) in different bacterial species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France.,Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France. .,Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| | - Aziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
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83
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Pomba C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K. Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:957-968. [PMID: 27999066 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are important tools for the therapy of infectious bacterial diseases in companion animals. Loss of efficacy of antimicrobial substances can seriously compromise animal health and welfare. A need for the development of new antimicrobials for the therapy of multiresistant infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, has been acknowledged in human medicine and a future corresponding need in veterinary medicine is expected. A unique aspect related to antimicrobial resistance and risk of resistance transfer in companion animals is their close contact with humans. This creates opportunities for interspecies transmission of resistant bacteria. Yet, the current knowledge of this field is limited and no risk assessment is performed when approving new veterinary antimicrobials. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use and indications for antimicrobials in companion animals, drug-resistant bacteria of concern among companion animals, risk factors for colonization of companion animals with resistant bacteria and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (bacteria and/or resistance determinants) between animals and humans. The major antimicrobial resistance microbiological hazards originating from companion animals that directly or indirectly may cause adverse health effects in humans are MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, VRE, ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative bacteria. In the face of the previously recognized microbiological hazards, a risk assessment tool could be applied in applications for marketing authorization for medicinal products for companion animals. This would allow the approval of new veterinary medicinal antimicrobials for which risk levels are estimated as acceptable for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Merja Rantala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mateus
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Pyörälä
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Veterinary Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Torren-Edo
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK.,Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Helen Jukes
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK
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84
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Sudarwanto MB, Lukman DW, Purnawarman T, Latif H, Pisestyani H, Sukmawinata E. Multidrug resistance extended spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC producing Escherichia coli isolated from the environment of Bogor Slaughterhouse, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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85
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Dalhoff A, Schubert S, Vente A. Pharmacodynamics of Finafloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin in Serum and Urine against TEM- and SHV-Type Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02446-16. [PMID: 28193648 PMCID: PMC5404535 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02446-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of finafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin against extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were compared. Since quinolones lose activity in acidic media, and particularly in urine, their activities were tested in parallel under conventional conditions and in acidic artificial urine. For this purpose, TEM- and SHV-type ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their wild-type counterparts were exposed in a modified Grasso model to simulated concentrations of drugs in serum and urine following oral doses of either finafloxacin at 800 mg once a day (q.d.), immediate-release ciprofloxacin at 500 mg twice a day (b.i.d.), extended-release ciprofloxacin at 1,000 mg q.d., or levofloxacin at 500 or 750 mg q.d. The concentrations of the drugs in urine were fitted by compartmental modeling. Bacteria were cultivated in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) at pH 7.2 or 5.8 or in artificial urine at pH 5.8. Bacteria were counted every 2 h until 10 h and at 24 h; the areas under the bacterial-count-versus-time curves were calculated. It was found that finafloxacin eliminated all strains within 2 h under all the conditions studied. At all doses studied, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were highly active against wild-type strains in MHB at pH 7.2 but lost activity in MHB, and particularly in urine, at pH 5.8. Viable counts of ESBL producers were reduced for 6 to 8 h by 3 log10 titers, but the bacteria regrew thereafter. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were almost inactive against the SHV producer grown in artificial urine. We conclude that pharmacodynamic models using artificial urine may mirror the physiology of urinary tract infections more closely than those using conventional media. In contrast to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, finafloxacin gained activity in this model at an acidic pH, maintained activity in artificial urine, and was active against TEM and SHV producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalhoff
- University Hospital Kiel, Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Schubert
- University Hospital Kiel, Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Vente
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
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86
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Adams RJ, Mathys DA, Mollenkopf DF, Whittle A, Daniels JB, Wittum TE. Carbapenemase-Producing Aeromonas veronii Disseminated in the Environment of an Equine Specialty Hospital. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:439-442. [PMID: 28346803 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to carbapenem antibiotics is an urgent public health threat. Carbapenem drugs are a last resort treatment option for life-threatening infections. The frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat hospitalized patients provides significant selection pressure favoring the emergence and dissemination of resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). CREs have been reported in animal populations, but only rarely in horses. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of CRE in the environment of a referral equine specialty hospital. Environmental samples were collected on seven different sampling dates. Four clonal carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas veronii were recovered from 315 sampled surfaces (1.3%). All four isolates harbored the carbapenemase-producing, metallo-β-lactamase gene blacphA, although corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the susceptible range for imipenem and meropenem. All had an identical multilocus sequence type with a previously unreported allelic profile and contained multiple plasmids. To our knowledge, this recovery of blacphA-harboring A. veronii is the first report of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in the environment of an equine veterinary hospital. However, the low recovery rate suggests that environmental contamination is uncommon. Appropriate hospital cleaning and disinfection protocols are necessary to maintain a low risk of contamination for patients and personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J Adams
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dimitria A Mathys
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dixie F Mollenkopf
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrea Whittle
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacter spp. isolates from companion animals in Japan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174178. [PMID: 28328967 PMCID: PMC5362103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacter spp., including resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), is of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among 60 isolates of Enterobacter spp., including E. cloacae (n = 44), E. aerogenes (n = 10), and E. asburiae (n = 6), from clinical specimens of dogs and cats from 15 prefectures in Japan. Furthermore, we characterized the resistance mechanisms harbored by these isolates, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR); and assessed the genetic relatedness of ESC-resistant Enterobacter spp. strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated the resistance rates to ampicillin (93.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.3%), cefmetazole (93.3%), chloramphenicol (46.7%), ciprofloxacin (43.3%), tetracycline (40.0%), ceftazidime (33.3%), cefotaxime (33.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (28.3%), gentamicin (23.3%), and meropenem (0%). Phenotypic testing detected ESBLs in 16 of 18 ESC-resistant E. cloacae isolates but not in the other species. The most frequent ESBL was CTX-M-15 (n = 8), followed by SHV-12 (n = 7), and CTX-M-3 (n = 1). As for AmpC β-lactamases, CMY-2 (n = 2) and DHA-1 (n = 2) were identified in ESC-resistant E. cloacae strains with or without ESBLs. All of the ESC-resistant E. cloacae strains also harbored one or two PMQRs, including qnrB (n = 15), aac(6’)-Ib-cr (n = 8), and qnrS (n = 2). Based on MLST and PFGE analysis, E. cloacae clones of ST591-SHV-12, ST171-CTX-M-15, and ST121-CTX-M-15 were detected in one or several hospitals. These results suggested intra- and inter-hospital dissemination of E. cloacae clones co-harboring ESBLs and PMQRs among companion animals. This is the first report on the large-scale monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Enterobacter spp. from companion animals in Japan.
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88
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Apostolakos I, Franz E, van Hoek AHAM, Florijn A, Veenman C, Sloet-van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Dierikx C, van Duijkeren E. Occurrence and molecular characteristics of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in faecal samples from horses in an equine clinic. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1915-1921. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Toombs-Ruane LJ, Benschop J, Burgess S, Priest P, Murdoch DR, French NP. Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in New Zealand: a current perspective. N Z Vet J 2017; 65:62-70. [PMID: 27927087 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1269621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article we review mechanisms and potential transmission pathways of multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, with an emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-production. This provides background to better understand challenges presented by this important group of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, and inform measures aimed at prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance in general. Humans and animals interact at various levels; household pets cohabit with humans, and other animals interact with people through direct contact, as well as through the food chain and the environment. These interactions offer opportunity for bacteria such as ESBL-producers to be shared and transmitted between species and, in turn, increase the risk of zoonotic and reverse-zoonotic disease transmission. A key step in curtailing antimicrobial resistance is improved stewardship of antimicrobials, including surveillance of their use, better infection-control and prevention, and a better understanding of prescribing practice in both veterinary and medical professions in New Zealand. This will also require prospective observational studies to examine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance. Due to the interconnectedness of humans, animals and the environment actions to effect the changes required should be undertaken using a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Toombs-Ruane
- a mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - J Benschop
- a mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - S Burgess
- a mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - P Priest
- b Department of Preventive and Social Medicine , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - D R Murdoch
- c Department of Pathology , University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - N P French
- a mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
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90
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Ye Q, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang H, Huang J, Chen M, Xue L, Wang J. Antibiotic-Resistant Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Retail Food Products and the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:96. [PMID: 28217112 PMCID: PMC5289952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a survey in 2015 to evaluate the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in retail food and water of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China, as well as their antibiotic resistance profiles. Samples (88 fresh food samples and 43 water samples) from eight different districts were analyzed by direct plating and after enrichment. Multidrug-resistant strains were found in 41.7 and 43.4% of food and water samples, respectively. ESBLs were found in 3.4 and 11.6% of food and water samples, respectively, and AmpC producers were found in 13.6 and 16.3% of food and water samples, respectively. Molecular characterization revealed the domination of blaCTX−Mgenes; plasmidic AmpC was of the type DHA-1 both in food and water samples. Thirteen of Fifty one β-lactamase-producing positive isolates were detected to be transconjugants, which readily received the β-lactamase genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics as well as some non-β-lactam antibiotics. These findings provide evidence that retail food and the river water may be considered as reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics, and these resistance genes could readily be transmitted to humans through the food chain and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Mongtong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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91
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Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from Miranda donkey (Equus asinus): an old problem from a new source with a different approach. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:191-202. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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92
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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animals: a threat for humans? Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:826-833. [PMID: 28143782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been a great and long-term concern that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae occurring in animals may constitute a public-health issue. A large number of factors with complex interrelations contribute to the spread of those bacteria among animals and humans. ESBL/AmpC- or carbapenemase-encoding genes are most often located on mobile genetic elements favouring their dissemination. Some shared reservoirs of ESBL/AmpC or carbapenemase genes, plasmids or clones have been identified and suggest cross-transmissions. Even though exposure to animals is regarded as a risk factor, evidence for a direct transfer of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria from animals to humans through close contacts is limited. Nonetheless, the size of the commensal ESBL/AmpC reservoir in non-human sources is dramatically rising. This may constitute an indirect risk to public health by increasing the gene pool from which pathogenic bacteria can pick up ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase genes. The extent to which food contributes to potential transmission of ESBL/AmpC producers to humans is also not well established. Overall, events leading to the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC- and carbapenemase-encoding genes in animals seem very much multifactorial. The impact of animal reservoirs on human health still remains debatable and unclear; nonetheless, there are some examples of direct links that have been identified.
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93
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[Multidrug-resistant bacteria in Germany. The impact of sources outside healthcare facilities]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:113-23. [PMID: 26446586 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an ongoing discussion about the question whether the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) among humans is due to transfer of these bacteria from animals. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes data on the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteria in animals and humans, and describes knowledge about transmission pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS After a scientific literature analysis, relevant articles were identified by screening of titles and abstracts, amended by publications of infection control authorities and the respective reference lists. RESULTS MDRO are both transmitted in the nosocomial setting and are increasingly detected as sources of infection outside healthcare facilities. CONCLUSIONS Due to new transmission pathways of MDRO an inter-disciplinary approach towards prevention is necessary, involving medical, pharmaceutical and veterinary expertise.
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Adegoke AA, Faleye AC, Singh G, Stenström TA. Antibiotic Resistant Superbugs: Assessment of the Interrelationship of Occurrence in Clinical Settings and Environmental Niches. Molecules 2016; 22:E29. [PMID: 28035988 PMCID: PMC6155606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat to global health posed by antibiotic resistance remains of serious concern. Human health remains at higher risk due to several reported therapeutic failures to many life threatening drug resistant microbial infections. The resultant effects have been prolonged hospital stay, higher cost of alternative therapy, increased mortality, etc. This opinionated review considers the two main concerns in integrated human health risk assessment (i.e., residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes) in various compartments of human environment, as well as clinical dynamics associated with the development and transfer of antibiotic resistance (AR). Contributions of quorum sensing, biofilms, enzyme production, and small colony variants in bacteria, among other factors in soil, water, animal farm and clinical settings were also considered. Every potential factor in environmental and clinical settings that brings about AR needs to be identified for the summative effects in overall resistance. There is a need to embrace coordinated multi-locational approaches and interrelationships to track the emergence of resistance in different niches in soil and water versus the hospital environment. The further integration with advocacy, legislation, enforcement, technological innovations and further research input and recourse to WHO guidelines on antibiotic policy would be advantageous towards addressing the emergence of antibiotic resistant superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, 520211 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adekunle Christopher Faleye
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Gulshan Singh
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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95
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Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Encoded Cephamycinase-Producing Enterobacteria in the Broiler Hatchery as a Potential Mode of Pseudo-Vertical Transmission. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02364-16. [PMID: 27795309 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02364-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance through extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and transferable (plasmid-encoded) cephamycinases (pAmpCs) represents an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing commensal enterobacteria in farm animals, such as broiler chickens, is considered one possible source of food contamination and could therefore also be relevant for human colonization. Studies on transmission routes along the broiler production chain showed that 1-day-old hatchlings are already affected. In this study, ESBL-/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks and their corresponding eggs, as well as various environmental and air samples from the hatchery, were analyzed. The eggs were investigated concerning ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria on the outer eggshell surface (before/after disinfection), the inner eggshell surface, and the egg content. Isolates were analyzed concerning their species, their phylogroup in the case of Escherichia coli strains, the respective resistance genes, and the phenotypical antibiotic resistance. Of the tested eggs, 0.9% (n = 560) were contaminated on their outer shell surface. Further analyses using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a relationship of these strains to those isolated from the corresponding parent flocks, which demonstrates a pseudo-vertical transfer of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria into the hatchery. Resistant enterobacteria were also found in environmental samples from the hatchery, such as dust or surfaces which could pose as a possible contamination source for the hatchlings. All 1-day-old chicks tested negative directly after hatching. The results show a possible entry of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria from the parent flocks into the hatchery; however, the impact of the hatchery on colonization of the hatchlings seems to be low. IMPORTANCE ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria occur frequently in broiler-fattening farms. Recent studies investigated the prevalence and possible transmission route of these bacteria in the broiler production chain. It seemed very likely that the hatcheries play an important role in transmission and/or contamination events. There are only few data on transmission investigations from a grandparent or parent flock to their offspring. However, reliable data on direct or indirect vertical transmission events in the hatchery are not available. Therefore, we conducted our study and intensively investigated the broiler hatching eggs from ESBL-/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks as well as the hatchlings and the environment of the hatchery.
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96
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Schauss T, Wings T, Brunner J, Glaeser S, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistances of abundant aerobic culturable bacteria in input and output samples of 15 German biogas plants. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1673-1684. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - T.K. Wings
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Aachen Germany
| | - J.S. Brunner
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S.P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - W. Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Aachen Germany
| | - P. Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
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97
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Abraham S, O'Dea M, Trott DJ, Abraham RJ, Hughes D, Pang S, McKew G, Cheong EYL, Merlino J, Saputra S, Malik R, Gottlieb T. Isolation and plasmid characterization of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35527. [PMID: 27767038 PMCID: PMC5073282 DOI: 10.1038/srep35527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a pressing public health issue due to limited therapeutic options to treat such infections. CREs have been predominantly isolated from humans and environmental samples and they are rarely reported among companion animals. In this study we report on the isolation and plasmid characterization of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from a companion animal. Carbapenemase-producing S. enterica Typhimurium carrying blaIMP-4 was identified from a systemically unwell (index) cat and three additional cats at an animal shelter. All isolates were identical and belonged to ST19. Genome sequencing revealed the acquisition of a multidrug-resistant IncHI2 plasmid (pIMP4-SEM1) that encoded resistance to nine antimicrobial classes including carbapenems and carried the blaIMP-4-qacG-aacA4-catB3 cassette array. The plasmid also encoded resistance to arsenic (MIC-150 mM). Comparative analysis revealed that the plasmid pIMP4-SEM1 showed greatest similarity to two blaIMP-8 carrying IncHI2 plasmids from Enterobacter spp. isolated from humans in China. This is the first report of CRE carrying a blaIMP-4 gene causing a clinical infection in a companion animal, with presumed nosocomial spread. This study illustrates the broader community risk entailed in escalating CRE transmission within a zoonotic species such as Salmonella, and in a cycle that encompasses humans, animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Abraham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Mark O'Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Abraham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia.,Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Concord Veterinary Hospital, North Strathfield NSW, Australia
| | - Stanley Pang
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Genevieve McKew
- Department of Microbiology &Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, NSW and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elaine Y L Cheong
- Department of Microbiology &Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, NSW and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Merlino
- Department of Microbiology &Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, NSW and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Department of Microbiology &Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, NSW and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Schwarz S, Loeffler A, Kadlec K. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and its impact on veterinary and human medicine. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:82-e19. [PMID: 27581211 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge in veterinary medicine, particularly in the context of bacterial pathogens that play a role in both humans and animals. OBJECTIVES This review serves as an update on acquired resistance mechanisms in bacterial pathogens of human and animal origin, including examples of transfer of resistant pathogens between hosts and of resistance genes between bacteria. RESULTS Acquired resistance is based on resistance-mediating mutations or on mobile resistance genes. Although mutations are transferred vertically, mobile resistance genes are also transferred horizontally (by transformation, transduction or conjugation/mobilization), contributing to the dissemination of resistance. Mobile genes specifying any of the three major resistance mechanisms - enzymatic inactivation, reduced intracellular accumulation or modification of the cellular target sites - have been found in a variety of bacteria that may be isolated from animals. Such resistance genes are associated with plasmids, transposons, gene cassettes, integrative and conjugative elements or other mobile elements. Bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens, can be exchanged between animals and humans mainly via direct contact, but also via dust, aerosols or foods. Proof of the direction of transfer of resistant bacteria can be difficult and depends on the location of resistance genes or mutations in the chromosomal DNA or on a mobile element. CONCLUSION The wide variety in resistance and resistance transfer mechanisms will continue to ensure the success of bacterial pathogens in the future. Our strategies to counteract resistance and preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial agents need to be equally diverse and resourceful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Höltystr. 10, 31535, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Höltystr. 10, 31535, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
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Liu X, Thungrat K, Boothe DM. Occurrence of OXA-48 Carbapenemase and Other β-Lactamase Genes in ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Dogs and Cats in the United States, 2009-2013. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1057. [PMID: 27462301 PMCID: PMC4939299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) and carbapenemases among ESBL-producing multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli from dogs and cats in the United States. METHODS Of 2443 E.coli isolated from dogs and cats collected between August 2009 and January 2013, 68 isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing MDR ones. PCR and sequencing were performed to identify β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and shed light on the virulence gene profiles, phylogenetic groups and ST types. RESULTS Phylogenic group D and B2 accounted for 69.1% of the isolates. 50 (73.5%) isolates carried CTX-M ESBL gene, and the most predominant specific CTX-M subtype identified was bla CTX-M-15 (n = 33), followed by bla CTX-M-1 (n = 32), bla CTX-M-123 (n = 27), bla CTX-M-9 (n = 19) and bla CTX-M-14 (n = 19), and bla CTX-M-123 was firstly reported in E. coli isolates in the United States alone or in association. Other β-lactamase genes bla TEM, bla SHV, bla OXA-48, and bla CMY-2 were detected in 41.2, 29.4, 19.1, and 17.6% of 68 ESBL-producing MDR isolates, respectively. The bla TEM and bla SHV genes were classfied as ESBLs with the exception of the bla TEM-1 gene. Additionally, 42.6% (29/68) of isolates co-expressed bla CTX-M-15 and PMQR gene aac(6')-Ib-c. The overall occurrence of virulence genes ranged from 11.8 (ireA) to 88.2% (malX), and most of virulence genes were less frequent among CTX-M-producing isolates than non-CTX-M isolates with the exception of malX and iutA. The 68 isolates analyzed were assigned to 31 STs with six being novel. Three pandemic clonal lineages ST131 (n = 10), ST648 (n = 9), and ST405 (n = 9) accounted for more than 41% of the investigated isolates, and ST648 and ST405 of phylogenetic D were firstly reported in E. coli from dogs and cats in the United States. CONCLUSION bla CTX-M-123 of ESBLs and carbapenemase bla OXA-48 were firstly reported in ESBL-producing MDR E.coli from dogs and cats in the United States, and ST131, ST648, and ST405 were the predominant clonal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Kamoltip Thungrat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dawn M Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
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Timofte D, Maciuca IE, Williams NJ, Wattret A, Schmidt V. Veterinary Hospital Dissemination of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli ST410 in the United Kingdom. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:609-615. [PMID: 27314838 PMCID: PMC5073239 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in 32 Escherichia coli extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant clinical isolates from UK companion animals from several clinics. In addition, to investigate the possible dissemination of ESBL clinical isolates within a veterinary hospital, two ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from a dog with septic peritonitis and a cluster of environmental ESC-resistant E. coli isolates obtained from the same clinic and during the same time period, as these two particular ESBL-positive clinical isolates, were also included in the study. Molecular characterization identified blaCTX-M to be the most prevalent gene in ESC-resistant isolates, where 66% and 27% of clinical isolates carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14, respectively. The only PMQR gene detected was aac(6')-Ib-cr, being found in 34% of the ESC E. coli isolates and was associated with the carriage of blaCTX-M-15. The clinical and environmental isolates investigated for hospital dissemination had a common ESBL/AmpC phenotype, carried blaCTX-M-15, and co-harbored blaOXA-1,blaTEM-1,blaCMY-2, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. Multilocus sequence typing identified them all as ST410, while pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated 100% homology of clinical and environmental isolates, suggesting hospital environmental dissemination of CTX-M-15–producing E. coli ST410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Timofte
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Nicola J Williams
- 4 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wattret
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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