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Ullah HMA, Kwon TH, Park S, Kim SD, Rhee MH. Isoleucilactucin Ameliorates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation through the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in MH-S Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179506. [PMID: 34502415 PMCID: PMC8430556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether isoleucilactucin, an active constituent of Ixeridium dentatum, reduces inflammation caused by coal fly ash (CFA) in alveolar macrophages (MH-S). The anti-inflammatory effects of isoleucilactucin were assessed by measuring the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in MH-S cells exposed to CFA-induced inflammation. We found that isoleucilactucin reduced CFA-induced NO generation dose-dependently in MH-S cells. Moreover, isoleucilactucin suppressed CFA-activated proinflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). The inhibiting properties of isoleucilactucin on the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) were observed. The effects of isoleucilactucin on the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also measured in CFA-stimulated MH-S cells. These results indicate that isoleucilactucin suppressed CFA-stimulated inflammation in MH-S cells by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which suggest it might exert anti-inflammatory properties in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Arif Ullah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Department of Research and Development, Chuncheon Bio-Industry Foundation (CBF), Chuncheon 24232, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (M.H.R.); Tel.: +82-33-258-6993 (T.-H.K.); +82-53-950-5967 (M.H.R.)
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (M.H.R.); Tel.: +82-33-258-6993 (T.-H.K.); +82-53-950-5967 (M.H.R.)
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Park H, Wang L, Yun JH. Coal beneficiation technology to reduce hazardous heavy metals in fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125853. [PMID: 34492803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash emitted from the coal-fired power plant is the major contributor of the outdoor airborne particulate matters (PMs). Coal beneficiation, an industrial process to improve the quality of raw coal by removing ash-bearing components, can be a cost-effective sustainable and clean technology to reduce the emission of hazardous trace metals. As the removal efficiency of mineral matters and heavy metals within the coal is depend highly on the raw coal and the employed beneficiation process, a wide range of case studies at laboratory- and industrial-scale, published in the last 20 years, are reviewed in this study. Our review indicates that the coal beneficiation processes can effectively reduce content of heavy metals of fly ash, encouraging the use of clean coal to reduce pollutants emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangil Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liguang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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PM 2.5 Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response through the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in OVA-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158173. [PMID: 34360939 PMCID: PMC8348225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution-related particulate matter (PM) exposure reportedly enhances allergic airway inflammation. Some studies have shown an association between PM exposure and a risk for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the effect of PM for AR is not fully understood. An AR mouse model was developed by intranasal administration of 100 μg/mouse PM with a less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) solution, and then by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum and intranasal challenging with 10 mg/mL OVA. The effects of PM2.5 on oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with or without AR indicating by histological, serum, and protein analyses were examined. PM2.5 administration enhanced allergic inflammatory cell expression in the nasal mucosa through increasing the expression of inflammatory cytokine and reducing the release of Treg cytokine in OVA-induced AR mice, although PM2.5 exposure itself induced neither allergic responses nor damage to nasal and lung tissues. Notably, repeated OVA-immunization markedly impaired the nasal mucosa in the septum region. Moreover, AR with PM2.5 exposure reinforced this impairment in OVA-induced AR mice. Long-term PM2.5 exposure strengthened allergic reactions by inducing the oxidative through malondialdehyde production. The present study also provided evidence, for the first time, that activity of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is inhibited in PM2.5 exposed AR mice. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure increased the histopathological changes of nasal and lung tissues and related the inflammatory cytokine, and clearly enhanced PM2.5 phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These obtained results suggest that AR patients may experience exacerbation of allergic responses in areas with prolonged PM2.5 exposure.
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Respiratory Emergency Department Visits Associations with Exposures to PM 2.5 Mass, Constituents, and Sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh Air Pollution. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:28-38. [PMID: 34283949 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202103-252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To date, there is no published local epidemiological evidence documenting the respiratory health effects of source specific air pollution in South Asia, where PM2.5 composition is different from past studies. Differences include more biomass and residue crop-burning emissions, which may have differing health implications. OBJECTIVES We assessed PM2.5 associations with respiratory emergency department (ED) visits in a biomass-burning dominated high pollution region, and evaluated their variability by pollution source and composition. METHODS Time-series regression modeling was applied to daily ED visits from January 2014 through December 2017. Air pollutant effect sizes were estimated after addressing long-term trends and seasonality, day-of-week, holidays, relative humidity, ambient temperature, and the effect modification by season, age, and sex. RESULTS PM2.5 yielded a significant association with increased respiratory ED visits [0.84% (95% CI: 0.33%, 1.35%)] per 10 μg/m3 increase. The PM2.5 health effect size varied with season, the highest being during monsoon season, when fossil-fuel combustion sources dominated exposures. Results from a source-specific health effect analysis was also consistent with fossil-fuel PM2.5 having a larger effect size per 10 μg/m3 than PM2.5 from other sources [fossil-fuel PM2.5: 2.79% (0.33% to 5.31%), biomass-burning PM2.5: 1.27% (0% to 2.54%), and other-PM2.5: 0.95% (0.06% to 1.85%)]. Age-specific associations varied, with children and older adults being disproportionately affected by the air pollution, especially by the combustion-related particles. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel and important evidence that respiratory health in Dhaka is significantly affected by particle air pollution, with a greater health impact by fossil-fuel combustion derived PM2.5.
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Cleland SE, Serre ML, Rappold AG, West JJ. Estimating the Acute Health Impacts of Fire-Originated PM 2.5 Exposure During the 2017 California Wildfires: Sensitivity to Choices of Inputs. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000414. [PMID: 34250370 PMCID: PMC8247531 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to wildfire smoke increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Health impact assessments, used to inform decision-making processes, characterize the health impacts of environmental exposures by combining preexisting epidemiological concentration-response functions (CRFs) with estimates of exposure. These two key inputs influence the magnitude and uncertainty of the health impacts estimated, but for wildfire-related impact assessments the extent of their impact is largely unknown. We first estimated the number of respiratory, cardiovascular, and asthma hospital admissions attributable to fire-originated PM2.5 exposure in central California during the October 2017 wildfires, using Monte Carlo simulations to quantify uncertainty with respect to the exposure and epidemiological inputs. We next conducted sensitivity analyses, comparing four estimates of fire-originated PM2.5 and two CRFs, wildfire and nonwildfire specific, to understand their impact on the estimation of excess admissions and sources of uncertainty. We estimate the fires accounted for an excess 240 (95% CI: 114, 404) respiratory, 68 (95% CI: -10, 159) cardiovascular, and 45 (95% CI: 18, 81) asthma hospital admissions, with 56% of admissions occurring in the Bay Area. Although differences between impact assessment methods are not statistically significant, the admissions estimates' magnitude is particularly sensitive to the CRF specified while the uncertainty is most sensitive to estimates of fire-originated PM2.5. Not accounting for the exposure surface's uncertainty leads to an underestimation of the uncertainty of the health impacts estimated. Employing context-specific CRFs and using accurate exposure estimates that combine multiple data sets generates more certain estimates of the acute health impacts of wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Cleland
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Center for Public Health and Environmental AssessmentOffice of Research and DevelopmentUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Marc L. Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Ana G. Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental AssessmentOffice of Research and DevelopmentUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - J. Jason West
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Matthaios VN, Liu M, Li L, Kang CM, Vieira CLZ, Gold DR, Koutrakis P. Sources of indoor PM 2.5 gross α and β activities measured in 340 homes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111114. [PMID: 33812873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particle radioactivity (PR) exposure has been linked to adverse health effects. PR refers to the presence of α- and β-emitting radioisotopes attached to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study investigated sources contributing to indoor PM2.5 gross α- and β-radioactivity levels. We measured activity from long-lived radon progeny radionuclides from archived PM2.5 samples collected in 340 homes in Massachusetts during the period 2006-2010. We analyzed the data using linear mixed effects models and positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. Indoor PM2.5 gross α-activity levels were correlated with sulfur (S), iron (Fe), bromine (Br), vanadium (V), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), titanium (Ti), radon (222Rn) and black carbon (BC) concentrations (p <0.05). Indoor PM2.5 β-activity was correlated with S, As, antimony (Sb), Pb, Br and BC. We identified four indoor PM2.5 sources: outdoor air pollution (62%), salt aerosol source (14%), fireworks and environmental tobacco smoke (7%) and indoor mixed dust (17%). Outdoor air pollution was the most significant contributor to indoor PM2.5 α- and β-activity levels. The contributions of this source were during the summer months and when windows were open. Indoor mixed dust was also found to contribute to PM2.5 α-activity. PM2.5 α-activity was further associated with radon during winter months, showing radon's important role as an indoor source of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios N Matthaios
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Also at: School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Longxiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Choong-Min Kang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina L Z Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang R, Han X, Pang H, Hu Z, Shi C. Illuminating a time-response mechanism in mice liver after PM 2.5 exposure using metabolomics analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144485. [PMID: 33429275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is recognized as an atmospheric pollutant that seriously jeopardizes human health. Emerging evidence indicates that PM2.5 exposure is associated with metabolic disorders. Existing epidemiology and toxicology studies on the health effects of PM2.5 usually focused on its different components and doses, the effects on susceptible populations, or the effects of indoor and outdoor pollution. The underlying mechanisms of exposure time are poorly understood. Liver, as the central organ involved in various metabolisms, has special signaling pathways non-existed in lung and cardiovascular systems. Exacerbation in liver by the prolonged exposure of PM2.5 leads to hepatic function disorder. It is therefore essential to elucidate the mechanism underlying hepatotoxicity after PM2.5 exposure from the perspective of time-response relationship. In this study, targeted metabolomics was utilized to explore the hepatic injury in mice after PM2.5 exposure. Our results showed that prolonged exposure of PM2.5 would aggravate liver metabolic disorders. The metabolic process was divided into three phases. In phase I, it was found that PM2.5 exposure disturbed the hepatic urea synthesis. In phase II, oxidative damages and inflammations obviously occurred in liver, which would further cause neurobehavioral disorders and fat deposits. In phase III, the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways indicated that the liver has been severely damaged, with the accelerated biosynthesis and fat metabolism. Finally, using ROC analysis coupled with their biological functions, 4 potential biomarkers were screened out, with which we established a method to classify and diagnose the progress of liver damage in mice after PM2.5 exposure. In this paper, we not only established the time-response relationship of PM2.5, but also provided new insights for the classification and prediction of the toxic injury stages in mice liver, which provides a ground work for the future drug intervention to prevent oxidative damage of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xi Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Li P, Wang J, Wang C, Cheng L, Ma Q, Li Y, An Y, Dai H, Duan Y, Wang T, Ma X, Zhang M, Wang T, Zhao B. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms study of Hanchuan Zupa Granule in a Guinea pig model of cough variant asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113719. [PMID: 33358856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hanchuan Zupa Granule (HCZP), a traditional Chinese ethnodrug, has the functions of supressing a cough, resolving phlegm, warming the lungs, and relieving asthma. In clinical practice employing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), HCZP is commonly used to treat acute colds, cough and abnormal mucous asthma caused by a cold, or "Nai-Zi-Lai" in the Uygur language. Studies have confirmed the use of HCZP to treat cough variant asthma (CVA) and other respiratory diseases. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of HCZP remain unrevealed. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-tussive and anti-asthmatic effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of HCZP in the treatment of CVA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A guinea pig CVA animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) combined with intraperitoneal injection of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and atomized OVA. Meanwhile, guinea pigs with CVA received oral HCZP (at dosages of 0.571, 0.285 and 0.143 g/kg bodyweight). The number of coughs induced by aerosol capsaicin was recorded, and the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) of CVA guinea pigs was detected with the FinePointe series RC system. H&E staining of lung tissues was performed to observe pathological changes. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses were used to detect the expression of Th1-specific transcription factor (T-bet), Th2-specific transcription factor (GATA3), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction elements. These methods were performed to assess the protective effects and the potential mechanisms of HCZP on CVA. RESULTS Great changes were found in the CVA guinea pig model after HCZP treatment. The number of coughs induced by capsaicin in guinea pigs decreased, the body weights of guinea pigs increased, and inflammation of the eosinophilic airway and AHR were reduced simultaneously. These results indicate that HCZP has a significant protective effect on CVA. A pharmacological study of HCZP showed that the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum decreased. The amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased, mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and GATA3 weakened, and mRNA and protein expression of T-bet increased. CONCLUSIONS HCZP ameliorated the symptoms of guinea pigs with CVA induced by OVA by regulating the Th1/Th2 imbalance and TLR4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Xinjiang Qimu Medical Research Institute (Co., Ltd.), Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Xinjiang Qimu Medical Research Institute (Co., Ltd.), Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Peralta AA, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Coull B, Koutrakis P. Associations between PM 2.5 metal components and QT interval length in the Normative Aging Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110827. [PMID: 33549618 PMCID: PMC7987821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found associations between increases in QT interval length, a marker of cardiac electrical instability, and short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between specific PM2.5 metal components and QT interval length. METHODS We measured heart-rate corrected QT interval (QTc) duration among 630 participants in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) based in Eastern Massachusetts between 2000 and 2011. We utilized time-varying linear mixed-effects regressions with a random intercept for each participant to analyze associations between QTc interval and moving averages (0-7 day moving averages) of 24-h mean concentrations of PM2.5 metal components (vanadium, nickel, copper, zinc and lead) measured at the Harvard Supersite monitoring station. Models were adjusted for daily PM2.5 mass estimated at a 1 km × 1 km grid cell from a previously validated prediction model and other covariates. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was utilized to assess the overall joint effect of the PM2.5 metal components. RESULTS We found consistent results with higher lead (Pb) associated with significant higher QTc intervals for both the multi-pollutant and the two pollutant (PM2.5 mass and a PM2.5 component) models across the moving averages. The greatest effect of lead on QTc interval was detected for the 4-day moving average lead exposure. In the multi-pollutant model, each 2.72 ng/m3 increase in daily lead levels for a 4-day moving average was associated with a 7.91 ms (95% CI: 3.63, 12.18) increase in QTc interval. In the two-pollutant models with PM2.5 mass and lead, each 2.72 ng/m3 increase in daily lead levels for a 4-day moving average was associated with an 8.50 ms (95% CI: 4.59, 12.41) increase in QTc interval. We found that 4-day moving average of copper has a negative association with QTc interval when compared to the other PM2.5 metal components. In the multi-pollutant model, each 1.81 ng/m3 increase in daily copper levels for a 4-day moving average was associated with an -3.89 ms (95% CI: -6.98, -0.79) increase in QTc interval. Copper's essential function inside the human body could mediate its cardiotoxicity on cardiac conductivity and explain why we found that copper in comparison to the other metals was less harmful for QTc interval. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to metals contained in PM2.5 are associated with acute changes in ventricular repolarization as indicated by QT interval characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjani A Peralta
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Jaafari J, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Hassanvand MS, Shamsipour M, Ghanbari Ghozikali M, Nazmara S, Shamsollahi HR, Yaghmaeian K. Associations between short term exposure to ambient particulate matter from dust storm and anthropogenic sources and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144503. [PMID: 33352344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between particulate matter from anthropogenic and natural sources and inflammatory biomarkers, including hs-CRP, IL-6, sTNF-RII, and WBCs, in two groups of healthy young subjects. We followed up subjects of two panels (16 to 22 years old), including 22 subjects selected from the urban area (Tehran city) with high-level pollution background and 22 subjects selected from the rural area (Ahmadabad) with low-level pollution background. In each group, we collected 4 times blood samples in various air pollution conditions, In the subjects of the urban group, there was a substantial difference (p < 0.05) between inversion days and cold season control days, and between dust storm days and warm season control days for concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers. In the subjects of the rural group, a significant difference could be detected in the concentration of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers (p < 0.05) between inversion days and cold season control days, and between dust storm and warm control days. We found that the difference in concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers between dust storm days and warm control conditions in the rural group were higher than the difference in inversion and cold control conditions, which can be attributed to low background air pollution in the rural area. In the urban area, the health effect of anthropogenic sources of PM is higher than the dust storm condition, which can be attributed to the stronger effect of anthropogenic pollution effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Jaafari
- Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Shamsollahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Source-specific contributions of particulate matter to asthma-related pediatric emergency department utilization. Health Inf Sci Syst 2021; 9:12. [PMID: 33786161 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-021-00141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with different chronic diseases. It is crucial to identify the sources of ambient particulate matter to reduce the impact on health. Still, only a few studies have been linked with specific ambient particulate matter sources. In this study, we estimated the contributions of sources of PM2.5 and examined their association with daily asthma hospital utilization in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We used a model-based clustering method to group days with similar source-specific contributions into six distinct clusters. Specifically, elevated PM2.5 concentrations occurring on days characterized by low coal combustion contributions showed a significantly reduced risk of hospital utilization for asthma (rate ratio: 0.86, 95% CI: [0.77, 0.95]) compared to other clusters. Reducing coal combustion contribution to PM2.5 levels could be an effective intervention for lowering asthma-related hospital utilization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-021-00141-z.
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Hassan A, Ilyas SZ, Agathopoulos S, Hussain SM, Jalil A, Ahmed S, Baqir Y. Evaluation of adverse effects of particulate matter on human life. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05968. [PMID: 33665396 PMCID: PMC7903305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM2.5) has a severe impact on human health. The concentration of PM2.5, related to air-quality changes, may be associated with perceptible effects on people's health. In this study, computer intelligence was used to assess the negative effects of PM2.5. The input data, used for the evaluation, were grid definitions (shape-file), PM2.5, air-quality data, incidence/prevalence rates, a population dataset, and the (Krewski) health-impact function. This paper presents a local (Pakistan) health-impact assessment of PM2.5 in order to estimate the long-term effects on mortality. A rollback-to-a-standard scenario was based on the PM2.5 concentration of 15 μg m-3. Health benefits for a population of about 73 million people were calculated. The results showed that the estimated avoidable mortality, linked to ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, was 2,773 for every 100,000 people, which accounts for 2,024,290 preventable deaths of the total population. The total cost, related to the above mortality, was estimated to be US $ 1,000 million. Therefore, a policy for a PM2.5-standard up to 15 μg m-3 is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Hassan
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zafar Ilyas
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Simeon Agathopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Abdul Jalil
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yadullah Baqir
- Department of Agriculture, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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63
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Possibilities for therapeutic interventions either as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:618-642. [PMID: 33476088 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the sequencing methods in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues have revolutionized our understanding of the disease by taking off the veil from the most frequent genetic alterations in the components of the oncogenic pathways. Among all the identified alterations, aberrancies in the genes attributed to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) axis have attracted special attention as they were altered in more than 90% of the tissues isolated from HNSCC patients. In fact, the association between these aberrancies and the increased risk of cancer metastasis suggested this axis as an "Achilles Heel" of HNSCC, which may be therapeutically targeted. The results of the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of the inhibitors targeting the components of the PI3K axis in the treatment of HNSCC patients, either alone or in a combined-modal strategy, opened a new chapter in the treatment strategy of this malignancy. The present study aimed to review the importance of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and also provide a piece of information about the breakthroughs and challenges of PI3K inhibitors in the therapeutic strategies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Duan X, Chen D, Ou Y, Tang L, Liu S, Hu W, Liao C, Zheng Y, Wang L, Xie M, Zheng J, Liu S, Luo M, Wu F, Deng Z, Tian H, Peng J, Yang H, Xiao S, Wang X, Zhong N, Ran P. Association of change in air quality with hospital admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Guangdong, China: A province-wide ecological study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111590. [PMID: 33396113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess possible effect of air quality improvements, we investigated the temporal change in hospital admissions for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) associated with pollutant concentrations. METHODS We collected daily concentrations of particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5, PM10 and PMcoarse), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and admissions for AECOPD for 21 cities in Guangdong from 2013 to 2017. We examined the association of air pollution with AECOPD admissions using two-stage time-series analysis, and estimated the annual attributable fractions, numbers, and direct hospitalization costs of AECOPD admissions with principal component analysis. RESULTS From 2013-2017, mean daily concentrations of SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 declined by nearly 40%, 30%, and 26% respectively. As the average daily 8 h O3 concentration increased considerably, the number of days exceeding WHO target (i.e.,100 μg/m³) increased from 103 in 2015-152 in 2017. For each interquartile range increase in pollutant concentration, the relative risks of AECOPD admission at lag 0-3 were 1.093 (95% CI 1.06-1.13) for PM2.5, 1.092 (95% CI 1.08-1.11) for O3, and 1.092 (95% CI 1.05-1.14) for SO2. Attributable fractions of AECOPD admission advanced by air pollution declined from 9.5% in 2013 to 4.9% in 2016, then increased to 6.0% in 2017. A similar declining trend was observed for direct AECOPD hospitalization costs. CONCLUSION Declined attributable hospital admissions for AECOPD may be associated with the reduction in concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 in Guangdong, while O3 has emerged as an important risk factor. Summarizes the main finding of the work: Reduction in PM may result in declined attributable hospitalizations for AECOPD, while O3 has emerged as an important risk factor following an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Department of Health of Guangdong Province, Government Affairs Service Center of Health Commission of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhong Duan
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Department of Ecology and Environment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Ou
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Health of Guangdong Province, Government Affairs Service Center of Health Commission of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Liao
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Zheng
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heshen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Liu Z. Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and Chronic Kidney Disease. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:183-215. [PMID: 34529145 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health has become a great global concern, which is especially prominent in developing countries. For health purposes, PM is typically defined by size, with the smaller particles having more health impacts. Particles with a diameter <2.5 μm are called PM2.5. Initial research studies have focused on the impact of PM2.5 on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, an increasing number of data suggested that PM2.5 may affect every organ system in the human body, and the kidney is of no exception. The kidney is vulnerable to particulate matter because most environmental toxins are concentrated by the kidney during filtration. According to the high morbidity and mortality related to chronic kidney disease, it is necessary to determine the effect of PM2.5 on kidney disease and its mechanism that needs to be identified. To understand the current status of PM2.5 in the atmosphere and their potential harmful kidney effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 1998. In this review, we focus on the worldwide epidemiological evidence linking PM2.5 with chronic kidney disease and the effect of PM2.5 on the chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. At the same time, we also discuss the possible mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure leading to kidney damage, in order to emphasize the contribution of PM2.5 to kidney damage. A global database on PM2.5 and kidney disease should be developed to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Luttmann-Gibson H, van Rossem L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Oken E, Bobb JF, Koutrakis P, Gold DR. Ambient Particle Components and Newborn Blood Pressure in Project Viva. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016935. [PMID: 33372530 PMCID: PMC7955476 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Both elemental metals and particulate air pollution have been reported to influence adult blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to examine which elemental components of particle mass with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) are responsible for previously reported associations between PM2.5 and neonatal BP. Methods and Results We studied 1131 mother‐infant pairs in Project Viva, a Boston‐area prebirth cohort. We measured systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at a mean age of 30 hours. We calculated average exposures during the 2 to 7 days before birth for the PM2.5 components—aluminum, arsenic, bromine, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, vanadium, titanium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, chlorine, calcium, and lead—measured at the Harvard supersite. Adjusting for covariates and PM2.5, we applied regression models to examine associations between PM2.5 components and median SBP and DBP, and used variable selection methods to select which components were more strongly associated with each BP outcome. We found consistent results with higher nickel associated with significantly higher SBP and DBP, and higher zinc associated with lower SBP and DBP. For an interquartile range increase in the log Z score (1.4) of nickel, we found a 1.78 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.72–2.84) increase in SBP and a 1.30 (95% CI, 0.54–2.06) increase in DBP. Increased zinc (interquartile range log Z score 1.2) was associated with decreased SBP (−1.29 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.50) and DBP (−0.85 mm Hg; 95% CI: −1.42 to −0.29). Conclusions Our findings suggest that prenatal exposures to particulate matter components, and particularly nickel, may increase newborn BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA
| | | | - Lenie van Rossem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Boston MA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Boston MA
| | - Jennifer F Bobb
- Biostatistics Unit Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA.,Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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Diesel Exhaust Particulates Induce Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated CXCL1/KC Expression in Alveolar Macrophages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246046. [PMID: 33371364 PMCID: PMC7767360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) have adverse effects on the respiratory system. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) abnormalities contribute to lung inflammation. However, the relationship between DEP exposure and ER stress in the respiratory immune system and especially the alveolar macrophages (AM) is poorly understood. Here, we examined ER stress and inflammatory responses using both in vivo and in vitro study. For in vivo study, mice were intratracheally instilled with 25, 50, and 100 μg DEP and in vitro AM were stimulated with DEP at 1, 2, and 3 mg/mL. DEP increased lung weight and the number of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice. DEP also increased the number of DEP-pigmented AM and ER stress markers including bound immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) were upregulated in the lungs of DEP-treated mice. In an in vitro study, DEP caused cell damage, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and upregulated inflammatory genes and ER stress-related BiP, CHOP, splicing X-box binding protein 1, and activating transcription factor 4 expressions in AM. Furthermore, DEP released the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1/KC) in AM. In conclusion, DEP may contribute to neutrophilic lung inflammation pathogenesis by modulating ER stress-mediated CXCL1/KC expression in AM.
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Kumar S, Mishra S, Singh SK. A machine learning-based model to estimate PM2.5 concentration levels in Delhi's atmosphere. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05618. [PMID: 33305040 PMCID: PMC7710640 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last many years, the air quality of the capital city of India, Delhi had been hazardous. A large number of people have been diagnosed with Asthma and other breathing-related problems. The basic reason behind this has been the high concentration of life-threatening PM2.5 particles dissolved in its atmosphere. A good model, to forecast the concentration level of these dissolved particles, may help to prepare the residents with better prevention and safety strategies in order to save them from many health-related diseases. This work aims to forecast the PM2.5 concentration levels in various regions of Delhi on an hourly basis, by applying time series analysis and regression, based on various atmospheric and surface factors such as wind speed, atmospheric temperature, pressure, etc. The data for the analysis is obtained from various weather monitoring sites, set-up in the city, by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). A regression model is proposed, which uses Extra-Trees regression and AdaBoost, for further boosting. Experimentation for comparative study with the recent works is done and results indicate the efficacy of the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Shweta Mishra
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
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Stafoggia M, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Ljungman P, Davoli M, De' Donato F, Gariazzo C, Michelozzi P, Scortichini M, Solimini A, Viegi G, Bellander T. Short-term effects of particulate matter on cardiovascular morbidity in Italy: a national analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:1202-1211. [PMID: 33913491 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed at investigating the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and daily admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at national level in Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS Daily numbers of cardiovascular hospitalizations were collected for all 8084 municipalities of Italy, in the period 2013-2015. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was used to estimate daily PM10 (inhalable particles) and PM2.5 (fine particles) concentrations at 1-km2 resolution. Multivariate Poisson regression models were fit to estimate the association between daily PM and cardiovascular admissions. Flexible functions were estimated to explore the shape of the associations at low PM concentrations, also in non-urban areas. We analysed 2 154 810 acute hospitalizations for CVDs (25% stroke, 24% ischaemic heart diseases, 22% heart failure, and 5% atrial fibrillation). Relative increases of total cardiovascular admissions, per 10 µg/m3 variation in PM10 and PM2.5 at lag 0-5 (average of last 6 days since admission), were 0.55% (95% confidence intervals: 0.32%, 0.77%) and 0.97% (0.67%, 1.27%), respectively. The corresponding estimates for heart failure were 1.70% (1.28%, 2.13%) and 2.66% (2.09%, 3.23%). We estimated significant effects of PM10 and PM2.5 also on ischaemic heart diseases, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and ischaemic stroke. Associations were similar between less and more urbanized areas, and persisted even at low concentrations, e.g. below WHO guidelines. CONCLUSION PM was robustly associated with peaks in daily cardiovascular admissions, especially for heart failure, both in large cities and in less urbanized areas of Italy. Current WHO Air Quality Guidelines for PM10 and PM2.5 are not sufficient to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.,Environmental Research Group, King's College, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyds Hospital, Entrévägen 2, 182 57 Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De' Donato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gariazzo
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via di Fontana Candida, 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scortichini
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service-ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Solnavägen 4 plan 10, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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Phosri A, Sihabut T, Jaikanlaya C. Temporal variations of short-term effects of particulate matter on hospital admissions in the most densely populated city in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140651. [PMID: 32640396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on daily hospital admissions have been comprehensively elucidated, but very few studies evaluated the temporal variations of ambient PM associated with hospital admissions, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the temporal changes of the short-term effects of PM10 on hospital admissions in Bangkok, Thailand from 2006 to 2014. The overdispersed Poisson regression model was applied to related daily PM10 concentrations to daily cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions by adjusting for temperature, humidity, long-term trend and seasonality, day of the week, public holiday, and population dynamics. The temporal variations of the effects of PM10 on hospital admissions were assessed by adding an interaction term between PM10 concentration and predefined time periods into the model. The relative risks per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 were 1.0092 (95% CI: 1.0046, 1.0138) for cardiovascular admissions at lag 0-3 day and 1.0209 (95% CI: 1.0145, 1.0273) for respiratory admissions at lag 0-7 day over the entire study period. Despite non-homogenous decreasing trends in annual PM10 concentrations during the study period, the effects of PM10 on cardiovascular and respiratory admissions remained significant and even showed an increasing trend for cardiovascular admissions. Specifically, the relative risks of cardiovascular admission per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 were 1.0050 (95% CI: 0.9965, 1.0135), 1.0086 (95% CI: 1.0000, 1.0174), and 1.0103 (95% CI: 1.0041, 1.0165) for the period of 2006-2008, 2009-2011, and 2012-2014, respectively (p-value for interaction <0.01). This finding indicated that estimated effects of PM10 on cardiovascular admissions significantly changed over time, speculating that the composition of PM10 might have changed and introduced the alterations of overall toxicity of PM10. Therefore, the efforts on air pollution control need to be continued to reduce health effects of PM10 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthit Phosri
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tanasri Sihabut
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chate Jaikanlaya
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
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71
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Sorek-Hamer M, Chatfield R, Liu Y. Review: Strategies for using satellite-based products in modeling PM 2.5 and short-term pollution episodes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106057. [PMID: 32889481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term air pollution episodes motivate improved understanding of the association between air pollution and acute morbidity and mortality episodes, and triggers required mitigation plans. A variety of methods have been employed to estimate exposure to air pollution episodes, including GIS-based dispersion models, interpolation between sparse monitoring sites, land-use regression models, optimization models, line- or area-dispersion plume models, and models using information from imaging satellites, often including land-use and meteorological variables. There has been increasing use of satellite-borne aerosol products for assessing short-term air quality events. They provide better spatial coverage, but currently at the price of low temporal coverage and rather crude spatial resolution. This is a brief review on using satellite data for modeling short-term air quality and pollution events. The review can be pursued as a practical guide for modeling air quality with satellite-based products, as it includes important questions that should be considered in both the study design as well as the model development stages. Progress in this field is detailed and includes published models and their use in environmental and health studies. Both current and future satellite-borne capabilities are covered. It also provides links to access and download relevant datasets and some example R code for data processing and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytar Sorek-Hamer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA, United States.
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
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72
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Wang N, Mengersen K, Tong S, Kimlin M, Zhou M, Liu Y, Hu W. County-level variation in the long-term association between PM 2.5 and lung cancer mortality in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140195. [PMID: 32806350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relative risk (RR) of long-term exposure to PM2.5 in lung cancer mortality (LCM) may vary spatially in China. However, previous studies applying global regression have been unable to capture such variation. We aimed to employ a geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) to estimate the RRs of LCM among the elderly (≥65 years) related to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the LCM attributable to PM2.5 at the county level in China. METHODS We obtained annual LCM in the elderly between 2013 and 2015 from the National Death Surveillance. We linked annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 between 2000 and 2004 with LCM using GWPR model at 148 counties across mainland China, adjusting for smoking and socioeconomic covariates. We used county-specific GWPR models to estimate annual average LCM in the elderly between 2013 and 2015 attributable to PM2.5 exposure between 2000 and 2004. RESULTS The magnitude of the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and LCM varied with county. The median of county-specific RRs of LCM among elderly men and women was 1.52 (range: 0.90, 2.40) and 1.49 (range: 0.88, 2.56) for each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, respectively. The RRs were positively significant (P < 0.05) at 95% (140/148) of counties among both elderly men and women. Higher RRs of PM2.5 among elderly men were located at Southwest and South China, and higher RRs among elderly women were located at Northwest, Southwest, and South China. There were 99,967 and 54,457 lung cancer deaths among elderly men and women that could be attributed to PM2.5, with the attributable fractions of 31.4% and 33.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The relative importance of long-term exposure to PM2.5 in LCM differed by county. The results could help the government design tailored and efficient interventions. More stringent PM2.5 control is urgently needed to reduce LCM in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Michael Kimlin
- Health Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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73
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Davari SA, Wexler AS. Quantification of toxic metals using machine learning techniques and spark emission spectroscopy. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2020; 13:5369-5377. [PMID: 38596355 PMCID: PMC11003735 DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-5369-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) list of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) includes toxic metal suspected or associated with development of cancer. Traditional techniques for detecting and quantifying toxic metals in the atmosphere are either not real time, hindering identification of sources, or limited by instrument costs. Spark emission spectroscopy is a promising and cost-effective technique that can be used for analyzing toxic metals in real time. Here, we have developed a cost-effective spark emission spectroscopy system to quantify the concentration of toxic metals targeted by the US EPA. Specifically, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb solutions were diluted and deposited on the ground electrode of the spark emission system. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was optimized and employed to detect useful features from the spark-generated plasma emissions. The optimized model was able to detect atomic emission lines along with other features to build a regression model that predicts the concentration of toxic metals from the observed spectra. The limits of detections (LODs) were estimated using the detected features and compared to the traditional single-feature approach. LASSO is capable of detecting highly sensitive features in the input spectrum; however, for some toxic metals the single-feature LOD marginally outperforms LASSO LOD. The combination of low-cost instruments with advanced machine learning techniques for data analysis could pave the path forward for data-driven solutions to costly measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Davari
- Air Quality Research Center (AQRC), University of California, Davis, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center (AQRC), University of California, Davis, 95616, Davis, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616, Davis, USA
- Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, Davis, USA
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74
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Gao Y, Leung RL, Bell ML. Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105921. [PMID: 32623223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events may enhance ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, causing additional adverse health effects. This work aims to evaluate the health and associated economic impacts of changes in air quality induced by heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios. The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition is applied to estimate health and related economic impacts of changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 levels due to heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes over the continental U.S. during past (i.e., 2001-2010) and future (i.e., 2046-2055) decades under the two RCP scenarios. Under the past and future decades, the weather extremes-induced concentration increases may lead to several tens to hundreds O3-related deaths and several hundreds to over ten thousands PM2.5-related deaths annually. High mortalities and morbidities are estimated for populated urban areas with strong spatial heterogeneities. The estimated annual costs for these O3 and PM2.5 related health outcomes are $5.5-12.5 and $48.6-140.7 billion U.S. dollar for mortalities, and $8.9-97.8 and $19.5-112.5 million for morbidities, respectively. Of the extreme events, the estimated O3- and PM2.5-related mortality and morbidity attributed to stagnation are the highest, followed by heat wave or compound extremes. Large increases in heat wave and compound extreme events in the future decade dominate changes in mortality during these two extreme events, whereas population growth dominates changes in mortality during stagnation that is projected to occur less frequently. Projected reductions of anthropogenic emissions under bothRCP scenarios compensate for the increased mortality due to increasedoccurrence for heat wave and compound extremes in the future. These results suggest a need to further reduce air pollutant emissions during weather extremes to minimize the adverse impacts of weather extremes on air quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Peilin Yang
- Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ruby L Leung
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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75
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Stapleton EM, Kizhakke Puliyakote A, Metwali N, Jeronimo M, Thornell IM, Manges RB, Bilas M, Kamal Batcha MA, Kumaravel MS, Durairaj K, Karuppusamy K, Kathiresan G, Rahim SA, Shanmugam K, Thorne PS, Peters TM, Hoffman EA, Comellas AP. Lung function of primary cooks using LPG or biomass and the effect of particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109888. [PMID: 32979995 PMCID: PMC7525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooks exposed to biomass fuel experience increased risk of respiratory disease and mortality. We sought to characterize lung function and environmental exposures of primary cooking women using two fuel-types in southeastern India, as well as to investigate the effect of particulate matter (PM) from kitchens on human airway epithelial (HAE) cells in vitro. METHODS We assessed pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function on 25 primary female cooks using wood biomass or liquified petroleum gas (LPG), and quantified exposures from 34 kitchens (PM2.5, PM < 40 μm, black carbon, endotoxin, and PM metal and bacterial content). We then challenged HAE cells with PM, assessing its cytotoxicity to small-airway cells (A549) and its effect on: transepithelial conductance and macromolecule permeability (NuLi cells), and antimicrobial activity (using airway surface liquid, ASL, from primary HAE cells). RESULTS Lung function was impaired in cooks using both fuel-types. 60% of participants in both fuel-types had respiratory restriction (post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC>90). The remaining 40% in the LPG group had normal spirometry (post FEV1/FVC = 80-90), while only 10% of participants in the biomass group had normal spirometry, and the remaining biomass cooks (30%) had respiratory obstruction (post FEV1/FVC<80). Significant differences were found in environmental parameters, with biomass kitchens containing greater PM2.5, black carbon, zirconium, arsenic, iron, vanadium, and endotoxin concentrations. LPG kitchens tended to have more bacteria (p = 0.14), and LPG kitchen PM had greater sulphur concentrations (p = 0.02). In vitro, PM induced cytotoxicity in HAE A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, however the effect was minimal and there were no differences between fuel-types. PM from homes of participants with a restrictive physiology increased electrical conductance of NuLi HAE cells (p = 0.06) and decreased macromolar permeability (p ≤ 0.05), while PM from homes of those with respiratory obstruction tended to increase electrical conductance (p = 0.20) and permeability (p = 0.07). PM from homes of participants with normal spirometry did not affect conductance or permeability. PM from all homes tended to inhibit antimicrobial activity of primary HAE cell airway surface liquid (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Biomass cooks had airway obstruction, and significantly greater concentrations of kitchen environmental contaminants than LPG kitchens. PM from homes of participants with respiratory restriction and obstruction altered airway cell barrier function, elucidating mechanisms potentially responsible for respiratory phenotypes observed in biomass cooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Matthew Jeronimo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Robert B Manges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Monalisa Bilas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | | | - Kumar Durairaj
- Centre for Research and Development, Ponnaiah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kesavan Karuppusamy
- Department of Physics, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Kathiresan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sirajunnisa Abdul Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kumaran Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Thomas M Peters
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Thomas EG, Trippa L, Parmigiani G, Dominici F. Estimating the Effects of Fine Particulate Matter on 432 Cardiovascular Diseases Using Multi-Outcome Regression With Tree-Structured Shrinkage. J Am Stat Assoc 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2020.1722134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lorenzo Trippa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA
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Thomson EM. Air Pollution, Stress, and Allostatic Load: Linking Systemic and Central Nervous System Impacts. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:597-614. [PMID: 31127781 PMCID: PMC6598002 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. A growing literature also links exposure to diverse air pollutants (e.g., nanoparticles, particulate matter, ozone, traffic-related air pollution) with brain health, including increased incidence of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as cognitive decline, dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease), anxiety, depression, and suicide. A critical gap in our understanding of adverse impacts of pollutants on the central nervous system (CNS) is the early initiating events triggered by pollutant inhalation that contribute to disease progression. Recent experimental evidence has shown that particulate matter and ozone, two common pollutants with differing characteristics and reactivity, can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and release glucocorticoid stress hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents) as part of a neuroendocrine stress response. The brain is highly sensitive to stress: stress hormones affect cognition and mental health, and chronic stress can produce profound biochemical and structural changes in the brain. Chronic activation and/or dysfunction of the HPA axis also increases the burden on physiological stress response systems, conceptualized as allostatic load, and is a common pathway implicated in many diseases. The present paper provides an overview of how systemic stress-dependent biological responses common to particulate matter and ozone may provide insight into early CNS effects of pollutants, including links with oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic processes. Evidence of pollutant effect modification by non-chemical stressors (e.g., socioeconomic position, psychosocial, noise), age (prenatal to elderly), and sex will also be reviewed in the context of susceptibility across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Qi Z, Zhang Y, Chen ZF, Yang C, Song Y, Liao X, Li W, Tsang SY, Liu G, Cai Z. Chemical identity and cardiovascular toxicity of hydrophobic organic components in PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110827. [PMID: 32535366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 may result in pathogenesis of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be attributed to the combined adverse effects induced by the complicated components of PM2.5. Organic materials, which are major components of PM2.5, contain thousands of chemicals, and most of them are environmental hazards. However, the contamination profile and contribution to overall toxicity of PM2.5-bound organic components (OCs) have not been thoroughly evaluated yet. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the literature on PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, with an emphasis on the chemical identity and reported impairments on the cardiovascular system, including the potential exposure routes and mechanisms. We first provide an update on the worldwide mass concentration and composition data of PM2.5, and then, review the contamination profile of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, including constitution, concentration, distribution, formation, source, and identification. In particular, the link between exposure to PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs and CVDs and its possible underlying mechanisms are discussed to evaluate the possible risks of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs on the cardiovascular system and to provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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79
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Qiu F, Chen L, Wang H, Huang M, Sun X, Kan J, Du J, Li Y. Protective effect of supplementation with Ginseng,
Lilii Bulbus
and Poria against
PM
2
.5
in air pollution‐induced cardiopulmonary damage among adults. Phytother Res 2020; 35:877-887. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
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Yu G, Ao J, Cai J, Luo Z, Martin R, Donkelaar AV, Kan H, Zhang J. Fine particular matter and its constituents in air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105880. [PMID: 32593838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, previous studies provided inconsistent findings and no study has examined the effects of complex chemical constituents of the particular matter on GDM, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 (particular matter ≤ 2.5 μm) and its constituents with GDM, and to identify susceptible exposure window in a large survey in China. METHODS The China Labor and Delivery Survey was a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 24 provinces in China between 2015 and 2016. A random sample of all deliveries in each participating hospital was selected and detailed obstetric and newborn information was extracted from medical records. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and six constituents (organic matter, black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and soil dust) were estimated (1 km × 1 km) using a combined geoscience-statistical model. GDM was diagnosed based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and according to IADPSG criteria. Generalized linear mixed models were used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 54,517 subjects from 55 hospitals were included. The incidence of GDM was 10.8%. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased GDM risk in the single pollutant model, [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.11 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.22]. Exposure to organic matter (aOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23), black carbon (aOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25) and nitrate (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02-1.24) during 2nd trimester were associated with increased risks of GDM. Associations between constituents and GDM were robust after controlling for total PM2.5 mass and accounting for multi-collinearity. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 in 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Organic matter, black carbon and nitrate may be the main culprits for the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junjie Ao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongcheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Randall Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6300 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6300 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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81
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Viher Hrženjak V, Kukec A, Eržen I, Stanimirović D. Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air on Primary Health Care Consultations for Diabetes in Children and Elderly Population in Ljubljana, Slovenia: A 5-Year Time-Trend Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144970. [PMID: 32664229 PMCID: PMC7400531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) in ambient air represents an important environmental public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the association between UFP in ambient air and the daily number of consultations in the primary health care unit due to diabetes mellitus in children and elderly population of the Municipality of Ljubljana. A 5-year time-trend ecological study was carried out for the period between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. The daily number of primary health care consultations due to diabetes mellitus among children and elderly population was observed as the health outcome. Daily mean UFP concentrations (different size from 10 to 100 nm) were measured and calculated. Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the observed outcome and the daily UFP, particulate matter fine fraction (PM2.5), and particulate matter coarse fraction (PM10) concentrations, adjusted to other covariates. The results show that the daily number of consultations due to diabetes mellitus were highly significantly associated with the daily concentrations of UFP (10 to 20 nm; p ≤ 0.001 and 20 to 30 nm; p ≤ 0.001) in all age groups and in the elderly population. In observed the population of children, we did not confirm the association. Findings indicate that specified environmental challenges should be addressed by comprehensive public health strategies leading to the coordinated cross-sectoral measures for the reduction of UFP in ambient air and the mitigation of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Viher Hrženjak
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Andreja Kukec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.K.); (I.E.)
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Eržen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.K.); (I.E.)
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dalibor Stanimirović
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1244-1413
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82
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Milton LA, White AR. The potential impact of bushfire smoke on brain health. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104796. [PMID: 32650032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoke from bushfires (also known as wildfires or forest fires) has blanketed large regions of Australia during the southern hemisphere summer of 2019/2020, potentially endangering residents who breathe the polluted air. While such air pollution is known to cause respiratory irritation and damage, its effect on the brain is not well described. In this review, we aim to outline the potentially damaging effects of bushfire smoke on brain health. We also describe the composition of air pollution, including ambient particulate matter (PM) and bushfire PM, before covering the general health effects of each. The investigated entry routes for ambient PM and postulated entry routes for bushfire PM are discussed, along with epidemiological and experimental evidence of the effect of both PMs in the brain. It appears that bushfire PM may be more toxic than ambient PM, and that it may enter the brain through extrapulmonary or olfactory routes to cause inflammation and oxidative stress. Ultimately, this review highlights the desperate requirement of greater research into the effects of bushfire PM on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Milton
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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83
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Yang JW, Shen YC, Lin KC, Cheng SJ, Chen SL, Chen CY, Kumar PV, Lin SF, Lu HE, Chen GY. Organ-on-a-Chip: Opportunities for Assessing the Toxicity of Particulate Matter. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:519. [PMID: 32548105 PMCID: PMC7272695 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in epidemiology have confirmed that airborne particulates are directly associated with respiratory pathology and mortality. Although clinical studies have yielded evidence of the effects of many types of fine particulates on human health, it still does not have a complete understanding of how physiological reactions are caused nor to the changes and damages associated with cellular and molecular mechanisms. Currently, most health assessment studies of particulate matter (PM) are conducted through cell culture or animal experiments. The results of such experiments often do not correlate with clinical findings or actual human reactions, and they also cause difficulty when investigating the causes of air pollution and associated human health hazards, the analysis of biomarkers, and the development of future pollution control strategies. Microfluidic-based cell culture technology has considerable potential to expand the capabilities of conventional cell culture by providing high-precision measurement, considerably increasing the potential for the parallelization of cellular assays, ensuring inexpensive automation, and improving the response of the overall cell culture in a more physiologically relevant context. This review paper focuses on integrating the important respiratory health problems caused by air pollution today, as well as the development and application of biomimetic organ-on-a-chip technology. This more precise experimental model is expected to accelerate studies elucidating the effect of PM on the human body and to reveal new opportunities for breakthroughs in disease research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chih Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Luen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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84
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de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona Y, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Martins LC. Relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in elderly people in the city of São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18208-18220. [PMID: 32172424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations of elderly people for congestive heart failure (CHF) in the city of São Paulo, stratified by sex, exploring lag structures, from 2000 to 2013. Ecological time series study using information on hospitalization of elderly patients for CHF (ICD-10th: I50) obtained from DATASUS for the city of São Paulo. Information on O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, temperature and humidity was obtained from CETESB. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation, and generalized linear Poisson regression model were applied to estimate the effects of pollutants. The interquartile variations of O3 (52.45 μg/m3), PM10 (24.28 μg/m3), NO2 (7.63 μg/m3), SO2 (50.22 μg/m3), and CO (1.28 ppm) were associated with increased hospitalizations for CHF. Air pollutants continue to be a factor that contributes to the increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara- UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
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85
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Cui L, Wu Z, Han P, Taira Y, Wang H, Meng Q, Feng Z, Zhai S, Yu J, Zhu W, Kong Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Bai B, Lou Y, Ma Y. Chemical content and source apportionment of 36 heavy metal analysis and health risk assessment in aerosol of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7005-7014. [PMID: 31879890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentration levels of 36 airborne heavy metals and atmospheric radioactivity in total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were measured to investigate the chemical characteristics, potential sources of aerosols, and health risk in Beijing, China, from September 2016 to September 2017. The TSP concentrations varied from 6.93 to 469.18 μg/m3, with a median of 133.97 μg/m3. The order for the mean concentrations of heavy metals, known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), was as follows: Mn > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Se > Cd > Co > Sb > Hg > Be; Non-Designated HAPs Metals: Ca > Fe > Mg > Al > K > Na > Zn > P > Ba > Ti > Cu > Sr > B > Sn > I > V > Rb > Ce > Mo > Cs > Th > Ag > U > Pt. The median concentration of As was higher than China air quality standard (6 ng/m3). The gross α and β concentration levels in aerosols were (1.84 ± 1.59) mBg/m3 and (1.15 ± 0.85) mBg/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor values of Cu, Ba, B, Ce, Tl, Cs, Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Fe, Zn, Sn, I, Mo, and Ag were higher than 10, which indicated enriched results from anthropogenic sources. Pb, As, and Cd are considered to originate from multiple sources; fireworks released Ba during China spring festival; Fe, Ce, and Cs may come from stable emissions such as industrial gases. The health risks from anthropogenic metals via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal pathway were estimated on the basis of health quotient as well as the results indicated that children faced the higher risk than adults during the research period. For adults, the health risk posed by heavy metals in atmospheric particles was below the acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cui
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peng Han
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zechen Feng
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shuguang Zhai
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yuxia Kong
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yun Lou
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yongzhong Ma
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China.
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86
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Wang C, Koutrakis P, Gao X, Baccarelli A, Schwartz J. Associations of annual ambient PM 2.5 components with DNAm PhenoAge acceleration in elderly men: The Normative Aging Study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113690. [PMID: 31818625 PMCID: PMC7044052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current studies indicate that long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is related with global mortality, yet no studies have explored relationships of PM2.5 and its species with DNAm PhenoAge acceleration (DNAmPhenoAccel), a new epigenetic biomarker of phenotypic age. We identified which PM2.5 species had association with DNAmPhenoAccel in a one-year exposure window in a longitudinal cohort. We collected whole blood samples from 683 elderly men in the Normative Aging Study between 1999 and 2013 (n = 1254 visits). DNAm PhenoAge was calculated using 513 CpGs retrieved from the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 species were measured at a fixed air-quality monitoring site and one-year moving averages were computed. Linear mixed-effect (LME) regression and Bayesian kernel machine (BKM) regression were used to estimate the associations. The covariates included chronological age, body mass index (BMI), cigarette pack years, smoking status, estimated cell types, batch effects etc. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate at a 5% false positive threshold was used to adjust for multiple comparison. During the study period, the mean DNAm PhenoAge and chronological age in our subjects were 68 and 73 years old, respectively. Using LME model, only lead and calcium were significantly associated with DNAmPhenoAccel. For example, an interquartile range (IQR, 0.0011 μg/m3) increase in lead was associated with a 1.29-year [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 2.11] increase in DNAmPhenoAccel. Using BKM model, we selected PM2.5, lead, and silicon to be predictors for DNAmPhenoAccel. A subsequent LME model showed that only lead had significant effect on DNAmPhenoAccel: 1.45-year (95% CI: 0.46, 2.46) increase in DNAmPhenoAccel following an IQR increase in one-year lead. This is the first study that investigates long-term effects of PM2.5 components on DNAmPhenoAccel. The results demonstrate that lead and calcium contained in PM2.5 was robustly associated with DNAmPhenoAccel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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87
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Konkle SL, Zierold KM, Taylor KC, Riggs DW, Bhatnagar A. National secular trends in ambient air volatile organic compound levels and biomarkers of exposure in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108991. [PMID: 31835113 PMCID: PMC7294699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is a leading cause of global mortality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are constituents of ambient air that could exert adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between VOC levels in ambient air and individual-level exposure to VOCs, as assessed by urinary VOC metabolites. METHODS Secular trends in 11 ambient air VOCs (2005-2013) and individual-level metabolites of 14 VOCs (2005-2014) were assessed using National Monitoring Programs (NMP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, respectively. To isolate environmental exposure, individuals reporting exposure to tobacco smoke were excluded. Quantile regression models were used to assess secular trends in VOC exposure, and survey-weighted regression models were built to identify factors associated with VOC exposure. RESULTS All annual levels of ambient VOCs decreased from 2005 to 2013 (Range: 12.5%-77.2%). However, 11 of the corresponding VOC metabolites increased during the same time (Range: 0.3%-53.6%). There was a proportional change in patterns of VOC exposure across NHANES waves, with the middle quantiles of exposure showing the largest increase. VOC exposures were significantly associated with age, sex, race, education, and physical inactivity, but not with secular VOC trends. DISCUSSION In the United States, individual-level exposure to several VOCs increased between 2005 and 2014 despite a decline in ambient air VOC levels. This inverse relationship suggests that ambient VOCs are not the primary source of VOC exposure, therefore, decreasing ambient VOCs alone may not be sufficient to protect against the adverse health effects associated with VOC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Konkle
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kira C Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
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88
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Qiu X, Wei Y, Wang Y, Di Q, Sofer T, Awad YA, Schwartz J. Inverse probability weighted distributed lag effects of short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and ozone on CVD hospitalizations in New England Medicare participants - Exploring the causal effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109095. [PMID: 31927244 PMCID: PMC7024653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have established significant associations between short-term air pollution and the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases, there is a lack of evidence based on causal distributed lag modeling. METHODS Inverse probability weighting (ipw) propensity score models along with conditional logistic outcome regression models based on a case-crossover study design were applied to get the causal unconstrained distributed (lag0-lag5) as well as cumulative lag effect of short-term exposure to PM2.5/Ozone on hospital admissions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and ischemic stroke (IS) among New England Medicare participants during 2000-2012. Effect modification by gender, race, secondary diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) and Diabetes (DM) was explored. RESULTS Each 10 μg/m3 increase in lag0-lag5 cumulative PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase of 4.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.2%, 6.4%, percentage change) in AMI hospital admission rate, an increase of 3.9% (2.4%, 5.5%) in CHF rate and an increase of 2.6% (0.4%, 4.7%) in IS rate. A weakened lagging effect of PM2.5 from lag0 to lag5 could be observed. No cumulative short-term effect of ozone on CVD was found. People with secondary diagnosis of COPD, diabetes, female gender and black race are sensitive population. CONCLUSIONS Based on our causal distributed lag modeling, we found that short-term exposure to an increased ambient PM2.5 level had the potential to induce higher risk of CVD hospitalization in a causal way. More attention should be paid to population of COPD, diabetes, female gender and black race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorder, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yara Abu Awad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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89
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Short-term Effect of Air Pollution on Tuberculosis Based on Kriged Data: A Time-series Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051522. [PMID: 32120876 PMCID: PMC7084679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has a very high mortality rate worldwide. However, only a few studies have examined the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and TB incidence. Our objectives were to estimate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants and TB incidence in Wuhan city, China, during the 2015–2016 period. We applied a generalized additive model to access the short-term association of air pollution with TB. Daily exposure to each air pollutant in Wuhan was determined using ordinary kriging. The air pollutants included in the analysis were particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O3). Daily incident cases of TB were obtained from the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC). Both single- and multiple-pollutant models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and TB. Seasonal variation was assessed by splitting the all-year data into warm (May–October) and cold (November–April) seasons. In the single-pollutant model, for a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at lag 7, the associated TB risk increased by 17.03% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), 11.08% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), and 16.15% (95% CI: 1.88, 32.42), respectively. In the multi-pollutant model, the effect of PM2.5 on TB remained statistically significant, while the effects of other pollutants were attenuated. The seasonal analysis showed that there was not much difference regarding the impact of air pollution on TB between the warm season and the cold season. Our study reveals that the mechanism linking air pollution and TB is still complex. Further research is warranted to explore the interaction of air pollution and TB.
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90
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Yao C, Wang Y, Williams C, Xu C, Kartsonaki C, Lin Y, Zhang P, Yin P, Lam KBH. The association between high particulate matter pollution and daily cause-specific hospital admissions: a time-series study in Yichang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5240-5250. [PMID: 31848968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in China. In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of PM on cause-specific hospitalization in Yichang, China. Daily data for PM level, meteorological factors, and hospital admissions (total hospitalization counts = 391,960) in Yichang between 2015 and 2017 were collected. We conducted a time-series study and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10 μg/m3 increment of PM and percent increase of hospitalization. We found positive and statistically significant associations between PM and hospital admissions for multiple outcomes, including all-cause, total respiratory, total cardiovascular diseases, and disease subcategories (hypertensive disease, coronary heart disease, stroke and the stroke subtype, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infection). Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at Lag01 (a moving average of Lag0 to Lag1), was significantly associated with an increase of 1.31% (95% CI: 0.79%, 1.83%), 1.12% (95% CI: 0.40%, 1.84%), and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.53%, 1.75%) in hospitalizations for all-cause, CVD, and respiratory, respectively. The association for PM10 with all-cause, CVD, and respiratory admissions was similar but weaker than PM2.5. The effect on admissions persisted for up to 7 days, and peaked at Lag01. The associations between PM and all-cause hospitalizations were stronger among older individuals and in cold seasons. It is therefore important to continue implementation of emission abatement and other effective measures in Yichang and other cities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Yao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | | | - Chengzhong Xu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Dalian Road, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Dalian Road, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
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91
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Indoor air pollution. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.590825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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92
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Wang N, Mengersen K, Tong S, Kimlin M, Zhou M, Wang L, Yin P, Xu Z, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Hu W. Short-term association between ambient air pollution and lung cancer mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108748. [PMID: 31561053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased lung cancer incidence and mortality. However, the short-term association between air pollution and lung cancer mortality (LCM) remains largely unknown. METHODS We collected daily data on particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with diameter < 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), and LCM in three of the biggest cities in China, i.e. Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, from 2013 to 2015. We first estimated city-specific relationships between air pollutants and LCM using time-series generalized linear models, adjusting for potential confounders. A classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to stratify LCM risk based on combinations of air pollutants and meteorological factors in each city. Then we pooled the city-specific associations using random-effects meta-analysis. Meta regression was used to explore if city-specific characteristics modified the air pollution-LCM association. Finally, we stratified the analyses by season, age, and sex. RESULTS Over the entire period, the current-day concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Chongqing and PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 in Guangzhou were positively associated with LCM (Excess risk ranged from 0.72% (95% CI 0.27%-1.17%) to 6.06% (95% CI 0.76%-11.64%) with each 10 μg/m3 increment in different pollutants), but the association between current-day air pollution and LCM in Beijing was not significant (P > 0.05). When considering the environmental and weather factors simultaneously, current-day PM2.5, relative humidity, and PM10 were the most important factors associated with LCM in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, respectively. LCM risk related with daily PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 significantly increased with the increasing annual mean temperature and humidity of the city, while LCM risk related with daily O3 significantly increased with the increases of latitude, annual mean O3 concentration, and socioeconomic level. After stratification, the current-day PM2.5, PM10, and O3 during the warm season in Beijing and PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 during the cool season in Chongqing and Guangzhou were positively associated with LCM (Excess risk ranged from 0.93% (95% CI 0.42%-1.45%) to 7.16% (95% CI 0.64%-14.09%) with each 10 μg/m3 increment in different pollutants). Male and the elderly lung cancer patients were more sensitive to the short-term effect of air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer patients should enhance protection measures against air pollution. More attentions should be paid for the high PM2.5, PM10, and O3 during the warm season in Beijing, and high PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 during the cool season in Chongqing and Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Michael Kimlin
- Health Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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93
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Wei Y, Wang Y, Di Q, Choirat C, Wang Y, Koutrakis P, Zanobetti A, Dominici F, Schwartz JD. Short term exposure to fine particulate matter and hospital admission risks and costs in the Medicare population: time stratified, case crossover study. BMJ 2019; 367:l6258. [PMID: 31776122 PMCID: PMC6880251 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess risks and costs of hospital admission associated with short term exposure to fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) for 214 mutually exclusive disease groups. DESIGN Time stratified, case crossover analyses with conditional logistic regressions adjusted for non-linear confounding effects of meteorological variables. SETTING Medicare inpatient hospital claims in the United States, 2000-12 (n=95 277 169). PARTICIPANTS All Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 or older admitted to hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of hospital admission, number of admissions, days in hospital, inpatient and post-acute care costs, and value of statistical life (that is, the economic value used to measure the cost of avoiding a death) due to the lives lost at discharge for 214 disease groups. RESULTS Positive associations between short term exposure to PM2.5 and risk of hospital admission were found for several prevalent but rarely studied diseases, such as septicemia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and acute and unspecified renal failure. Positive associations were also found between risk of hospital admission and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, and thromboembolism, confirming previously published results. These associations remained consistent when restricted to days with a daily PM2.5 concentration below the WHO air quality guideline for the 24 hour average exposure to PM2.5. For the rarely studied diseases, each 1 µg/m3 increase in short term PM2.5 was associated with an annual increase of 2050 hospital admissions (95% confidence interval 1914 to 2187 admissions), 12 216 days in hospital (11 358 to 13 075), US$31m (£24m, €28m; $29m to $34m) in inpatient and post-acute care costs, and $2.5bn ($2.0bn to $2.9bn) in value of statistical life. For diseases with a previously known association, each 1 µg/m3 increase in short term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an annual increase of 3642 hospital admissions (3434 to 3851), 20 098 days in hospital (18 950 to 21 247), $69m ($65m to $73m) in inpatient and post-acute care costs, and $4.1bn ($3.5bn to $4.7bn) in value of statistical life. CONCLUSIONS New causes and previously identified causes of hospital admission associated with short term exposure to PM2.5 were found. These associations remained even at a daily PM2.5 concentration below the WHO 24 hour guideline. Substantial economic costs were linked to a small increase in short term PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Choirat
- Swiss Data Science Centre (ETH Zürich and EPFL), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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94
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A Study on the Design Method of Indoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Pollution Control in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234588. [PMID: 31756898 PMCID: PMC6926827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important factor affecting indoor air quality and is significantly related to human health. A lot of research has been done on PM2.5 pollution control in buildings, but there is lack of systematic indoor PM2.5 pollution control for engineering applications. In this study, first, we propose an outdoor calculated concentration of PM2.5 in 74 cities, in China, using the "not guaranteed for five days" method, which is based on outdoor PM2.5 concentration monitoring data from 2016 to 2018. Then, different levels of indoor calculated concentrations of PM2.5 (25 μg/m3, 35 μg/m3, and 75 μg/m3) are put forward. Secondly, methods for selecting air purification equipment in centralized, semi-centralized, and decentralized air conditioning systems are proposed. Finally, PM2.5 pollution control measures and system energy-saving operation strategies in buildings are put forward. This study stipulates the calculation of PM2.5 concentration, unifies design methods, proposes control measures, and standardizes operations management. The aim of this study is to provide technical guidance for engineering design, construction and operation, and therefore to reduce the risk of indoor diseases caused by exposure to PM2.5.
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95
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Xue Z, Wang J, Yu W, Li D, Zhang Y, Wan F, Kou X. Biochanin A protects against PM 2.5-induced acute pulmonary cell injury by interacting with the target protein MEK5. Food Funct 2019; 10:7188-7203. [PMID: 31608342 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk for cardiopulmonary diseases. The MEK5/ERK5 and NF-κB signaling pathways are closely related to the regulation of acute pulmonary cell injury (APCI) and may play an important role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Related studies have shown that Biochanin A (BCA) effectively interferes with APCI, but the underlying mechanism through which this occurs is not fully understood. Previously, based on proteomic and bioinformatic research, we found the indispensable role of MEK5 in mediating remission effects of BCA against PM2.5-induced lung toxicity. Therefore, using A549 adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells), we combined western blot and qRT-PCR to study the protective signaling pathways induced by BCA, indicating that MEK5/ERK5 and NF-κB are both involved in mediating APCI in response to PM2.5, and MEK5/ERK5 positively activated NF-κB and its downstream cellular regulatory factors. BCA significantly suppressed PM2.5-induced upregulation of MEK5/ERK5 expression and phosphorylation and activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, due to the specificity of the MEK5/ERK5 protein structure, the binding sites and binding patterns of BCA and MEK5 were analyzed using molecular docking correlation techniques, which showed that there are stable hydrogen bonds between BCA and the PB1 domain of MEK5 as well as its kinase domain. BCA forms a stable complex with MEK5, which has potential effects on MEKK2/3-MEK5-ERK5 ternary interactions, p62/αPKC-mediated NF-κB regulation, and inhibition of MEK5 target protein phosphorylation. Therefore, our study suggests that MEK5 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling of APCI in response to PM2.5 exposure. BCA may exert anti-APCI activity by targeting MEK5 to inhibit activation of the MEK5/ERK5/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wancong Yu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Science, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yixia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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96
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Sicard P, Khaniabadi YO, Perez S, Gualtieri M, De Marco A. Effect of O 3, PM 10 and PM 2.5 on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in cities of France, Iran and Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32645-32665. [PMID: 31576506 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, both tropospheric ozone (O3) and particulate matters (PM) are among the most threatening air pollutants for human health in cities. The air pollution effects over public health include increased risk of hospital admissions and mortality for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases even when air pollutant concentrations are below European and international standards. The aim of this study was to (i) estimate the burden of mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in nine selected cities in France, Iran and Italy in 2015 and 2016 and to (ii) compare estimated burdens at current O3 and PM levels with pre-industrial levels. The selected Mediterranean cities are among the most affected by the air pollution in Europe, in particular by rising O3 while the selected Iranian cities rank as the most polluted by PM in the world. The software AirQ+ was used to estimate the short-term health effects, in terms of mortality and morbidity by using in situ air quality data, city-specific relative risk values and baseline incidence. Compared to pre-industrial levels, long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5, PM10 and O3 have substantially contributed to mortality and hospital admissions in selected cities: about 8200 deaths for non-accidental causes, 2400 deaths for cardiovascular diseases, 540 deaths for respiratory diseases, 220 deaths for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases as well as 18,800 hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and 3400 for respiratory diseases were reported in 2015. The study supports the need of city-specific epidemiological data and urgent strategies to mitigate the health burden of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sandra Perez
- University Côte d'Azur, UMR 7300 ESPACE, Nice, France
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, SSPT, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, SSPT, Rome, Italy
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97
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Wang K, Doraiswamy P, Cho SH. Health impacts and cost-benefit analyses of surface O 3 and PM 2.5 over the U.S. under future climate and emission scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108687. [PMID: 31479977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Health impacts of surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are of major concern worldwide. In this work, the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program tool is applied to estimate the health and economic impacts of projected changes in O3 and PM2.5 in the U.S. in future (2046-2055) decade relative to current (2001-2010) decade under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios. Future annual-mean O3 reductions under RCP 4.5 prevent ~1,800 all-cause mortality, 761 respiratory hospital admissions (HA), and ~1.2 million school loss days annually, and result in economic benefits of ~16 billion, 29 million, and 132 million U.S. dollars (USD), respectively. By contrast, the projected future annual-mean O3 increases under RCP8.5 cause ~2,400 mortality, 941 respiratory HA, and ~1.6 million school loss days annually and result in economic disbenefits of ~21 billion, 36 million, and 175 million USD, respectively. Health benefits of reduced O3 double under RCP4.5 and health dis-benefits of increased O3 increase by 1.5 times under RCP8.5 in future with 2050 population and baseline incidence rate. Because of the reduction in projected future PM2.5 over CONUS under both scenarios, the annual avoided all-cause deaths, cardiovascular HA, respiratory HA, and work loss days are ~63,000 and ~83,000, ~5,300 and ~7,000, ~12,000 and ~15,000, and ~7.8 million and ~10 million, respectively, leading to economic benefits of ~560 and ~740 billion, ~240 and ~320 million, ~450 and ~590 million, and ~1,400 and ~1,900 million USD for RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Health benefits of reduced PM2.5 for future almost double under both scenarios with the largest benefits in urban areas. RCP8.5 projects larger health and economic benefits due to a greater reduction in PM2.5 but with a warmer atmosphere and higher O3 pollution than RCP4.5. RCP4.5 leads to multiple-benefit goals including reduced O3 and PM2.5, reduced mortality and morbidity, and saved costs. Greater reduction in future PM2.5 under RCP4.5 should be considered to achieve larger multi-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Yang
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Prakash Doraiswamy
- Air Quality and Exposure Center, RTI International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Cho
- Air Quality and Exposure Center, RTI International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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98
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Requia WJ, Jhun I, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. Climate impact on ambient PM 2.5 elemental concentration in the United States: A trend analysis over the last 30 years. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104888. [PMID: 31302483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Weather impacts on the chemical composition of PM2.5 varies significantly over space and time given the diversity of particle components and the complex mechanisms governing particle formation and removal. In this study, we employed generalized additive models (GAMs) to estimate weather-associated changes in PM2.5 composition in the US during 1988-2017. We considered seven components of ambient PM2.5, which included elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate, sulfate, sodium, ammonium, and silicon. The impact of long-term weather changes on each PM2.5 component was defined in our study as "weather penalty". During our study period, temperature increased in four regions, including the Industrial Midwest and Northeast during the warm and cold season; and Upper Midwest and West in the cold season. Wind speed decreased in the both seasons. Relative humidity increased in the warm season and decreased in the cold season. The weather changes between 1988 and 2017 were associated with most PM2.5 components during both warm and cold seasons. The direction and the magnitude of the weather penalty varied considerably over the space and season. In the warm season, our findings suggest a nationwide weather penalty for EC, OC, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, ammonium, and silicon of 0.04, 0.21, 0.04, 0.35, -0.01, 0.05, and 0.01 μg/m3, respectively. In the cold season, the estimated total penalty was 0.04, 0.21, 0.06, 0.04, -0.01, -0.02, and 0.02 μg/m3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Iny Jhun
- Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent A Coull
- Harvard University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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99
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Shaffer RM, Sellers SP, Baker MG, de Buen Kalman R, Frostad J, Suter MK, Anenberg SC, Balbus J, Basu N, Bellinger DC, Birnbaum L, Brauer M, Cohen A, Ebi KL, Fuller R, Grandjean P, Hess JJ, Kogevinas M, Kumar P, Landrigan PJ, Lanphear B, London SJ, Rooney AA, Stanaway JD, Trasande L, Walker K, Hu H. Improving and Expanding Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Due to Environmental Health Risk Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:105001. [PMID: 31626566 PMCID: PMC6867191 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), produces influential, data-driven estimates of the burden of disease and premature death due to major risk factors. Expanded quantification of disease due to environmental health (EH) risk factors, including climate change, will enhance accuracy of GBD estimates, which will contribute to developing cost-effective policies that promote prevention and achieving Sustainable Development Goals. OBJECTIVES We review key aspects of the GBD for the EH community and introduce the Global Burden of Disease-Pollution and Health Initiative (GBD-PHI), which aims to work with IHME and the GBD study to improve estimates of disease burden attributable to EH risk factors and to develop an innovative approach to estimating climate-related disease burden-both current and projected. METHODS We discuss strategies for improving GBD quantification of specific EH risk factors, including air pollution, lead, and climate change. We highlight key methodological challenges, including new EH risk factors, notably evidence rating and global exposure assessment. DISCUSSION A number of issues present challenges to the scope and accuracy of current GBD estimates for EH risk factors. For air pollution, minimal data exist on the exposure-risk relationships associated with high levels of pollution; epidemiological studies in high pollution regions should be a research priority. For lead, the GBD's current methods do not fully account for lead's impact on neurodevelopment; innovative methods to account for subclinical effects are needed. Decisions on inclusion of additional EH risk-outcome pairs need to be guided by findings of systematic reviews, the size of exposed populations, feasibility of global exposure estimates, and predicted trends in exposures and diseases. Neurotoxicants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and climate-related factors should be high priorities for incorporation into upcoming iterations of the GBD study. Enhancing the scope and methods will improve the GBD's estimates and better guide prevention policy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Shaffer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel P. Sellers
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marissa G. Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebeca de Buen Kalman
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph Frostad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan K. Suter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan C. Anenberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Balbus
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David C. Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Birnbaum
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron Cohen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristie L. Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Hess
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Pushpam Kumar
- United Nations Programme on the Environment, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philip J. Landrigan
- Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Stanaway
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU Global Institute of Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Walker
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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100
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Wang Y, Hong C, Palmer N, Di Q, Schwartz J, Kohane I, Cai T. A fast divide-and-conquer sparse Cox regression. Biostatistics 2019; 22:381-401. [PMID: 31545341 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a computationally and statistically efficient divide-and-conquer (DAC) algorithm to fit sparse Cox regression to massive datasets where the sample size $n_0$ is exceedingly large and the covariate dimension $p$ is not small but $n_0\gg p$. The proposed algorithm achieves computational efficiency through a one-step linear approximation followed by a least square approximation to the partial likelihood (PL). These sequences of linearization enable us to maximize the PL with only a small subset and perform penalized estimation via a fast approximation to the PL. The algorithm is applicable for the analysis of both time-independent and time-dependent survival data. Simulations suggest that the proposed DAC algorithm substantially outperforms the full sample-based estimators and the existing DAC algorithm with respect to the computational speed, while it achieves similar statistical efficiency as the full sample-based estimators. The proposed algorithm was applied to extraordinarily large survival datasets for the prediction of heart failure-specific readmission within 30 days among Medicare heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chuan Hong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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