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Umphrey L, Lenhard N, Lam SK, Hayward NE, Hecht S, Agrawal P, Chambliss A, Evert J, Haq H, Lauden SM, Paasi G, Schleicher M, McHenry MS. Virtual global health in graduate medical education: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 13:230-248. [PMID: 36057978 PMCID: PMC9911141 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.62eb.94fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize recent virtual global health education activities for graduate medical trainees, document gaps in the literature, suggest future study, and inform best practice recommendations for global health educators. METHODS We systematically reviewed articles published on virtual global health education activities from 2012-2021 by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. We performed bibliography review and search of conference and organization websites. We included articles about primarily virtual activities targeting for health professional trainees. We collected and qualitatively analyzed descriptive data about activity type, evaluation, audience, and drivers or barriers. Heterogeneity of included articles did not lend to formal quality evaluation. RESULTS Forty articles describing 69 virtual activities met inclusion criteria. 55% of countries hosting activities were high-income countries. Most activities targeted students (57%), with the majority (53%) targeting trainees in both low- to middle- and high-income settings. Common activity drivers were course content, organization, peer interactions, and online flexibility. Common challenges included student engagement, technology, the internet, time zones, and scheduling. Articles reported unanticipated benefits of activities, including wide reach; real-world impact; improved partnerships; and identification of global health practice gaps. CONCLUSIONS This is the first review to synthesize virtual global health education activities for graduate medical trainees. Our review identified important drivers and challenges to these activities, the need for future study on activity preferences, and considerations for learners and educators in low- to middle-income countries. These findings may guide global health educators in their planning and implementation of virtual activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Umphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nora Lenhard
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suet Kam Lam
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Shaina Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Priya Agrawal
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Chambliss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Evert
- Child Family Health International, El Cerrito, California, USA
| | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Lauden
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - George Paasi
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Mary Schleicher
- Cleveland Clinic Floyd D. Loop Alumni Library, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Mittal S, Lau V, Prior K, Ewer J. Twelve tips for medical students on how to maximise remote learning. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:851-858. [PMID: 33974486 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1912308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medical schools are increasingly utilising remote learning. Remote learning can take many forms such as online lectures, small group tutorials, virtual clinical skills sessions, and online case presentations. Remote learning presents both challenges and opportunities for students globally. This article shares twelve tips from senior medical students, based on the author's personal experience of remote learning and the relevant literature, to help others maximise the benefits of both synchronous and asynchronous remote learning. The authors include guidance on how to approach the remote format, embrace the use of technology, detail helpful open-access resources, and encourage students to become independent learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Mittal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Lau
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katie Prior
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Joseph Ewer
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Undergraduate medical students’ readiness for online learning at a South African university: Implications for decentralised training. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.7196/ajhpe.2022.v14i2.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Decentralised teaching has the potential to transform medical education but requires greater use of online learning to address some of the challenges of decentralised teaching in low- and middle-income countries. Given the digital divide that exists in South Africa (SA), it is necessary to establish the extent of student readiness for the broader implementation of online learning.
Objectives. To determine medical students’ device ownership, usage and attitudes towards online learning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Methods. A cross-sectional survey of first-, third- and sixth-year students was conducted in 2017. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed using frequency and custom tables and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis.
Results. The survey response rate was 48.5% (448/924). No significant differences in device usage and attitudes towards online learning were observed across the 3 years of study. Most respondents (99%) owned internet-capable devices, and >90% wanted some degree of online learning. The perceived barriers included poor internet connectivity on university campuses and the high cost of data in SA.
Conclusion. The majority of respondents owned internet-capable devices and requested more online learning, but the socioeconomic disparities in the country raise concerns about students’ readiness. Wider online learning requires policy decisions to ensure not only access to devices and data but also the implementation of online learning in ways that avoid further disadvantaging already disadvantaged students. Institutional barriers must be addressed before an expanded online learning environment can be considered.
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Cardoso FB, Wagner VP, Corrêa APB, Martins MAT, Martins MD, D'Ávila OP, Gonçalves MR, Harzheim E, Umpierre RN, Carrard VC. Distance learning course improves primary care dentists' diagnosis and self-efficacy in the management of oral lesions. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e101. [PMID: 35830144 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer represents a public health issue because of its high mortality rate, resulting mainly from diagnostic delays. Insufficient training in oral diagnosis is usually perceived by dentists. Distance learning could be used as an auxiliary tool to bridge that gap. This study evaluated the impact of a distance learning course on oral mucosal lesion diagnosis offered to public healthcare dentists. Participants of an online course answered a pretest/posttest comprising clinical images of 30 clinical cases. Participants were questioned about the diagnosis and informed their decision on the cases (referring the cases to a specialist or managing them themselves), as a parameter of perceived self-efficacy. A total of 442 dentists enrolled in the course. Their pass rate was 97%. Classification of the nature of the lesions, diagnostic hypotheses, sensitivity, and specificity improved by 13.4%, 10.0%, 13.4%, and 6.6%, respectively (p<0.01, Wilcoxon test). Regarding management, there was a 16.6% reduction in the intention to refer cases, while confidence in the diagnosis of benign lesions increased by 40%. A distance learning course may be useful in continuing education actions for primary care dentists, improving their diagnostic abilities and encouraging them in the management of oral lesions. Moreover, this strategy could contribute to disseminating knowledge to remote regions, particularly among primary health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Otávio Pereira D'Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, TelessaudeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Erno Harzheim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Nunes Umpierre
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, TelessaudeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Alharbi F, Alwadei SH, Alwadei A, Asiri S, Alwadei F, Alqerban A, Almuzian M. Comparison between two asynchronous teaching methods in an undergraduate dental course: a pilot study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:488. [PMID: 35739594 PMCID: PMC9219382 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Properly designed and implemented eLearning can lead to improvement of dental teaching quality. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of eLearning in dental education, however, there is a lack of research to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. OBJECTIVE To investigate dental students' learning performance and perception of a virtual flipped learning format compared to a virtual traditional learning method. METHODS A crossover pilot study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Princes Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Computer-generated randomization, blinded from researchers who analyzed the results, was performed to allocate 32 participants (aged 23.27 ± 0.86 years) to one of two groups. Participants in the control group were taught through the virtual traditional learning method (VTL) using live video lectures. In contrast, participants in the intervention group were taught through the virtual flipped learning method (VFL) using recorded online lectures and post-lecture virtual discussions. Learning gain and preference were measured by pre- and post-test average score differences and a modified validated survey, respectively. RESULTS There was no significant difference in learning performance between VFL and VTL groups (P > 0.05). However, students preferred VFL over VTL and the differences were significant among all survey items, except for the opportunity to ask questions. CONCLUSION Health professions educators are encouraged to carefully design online curricula with efficient learning strategies that help students improve learning performance and foster self-directed learning skills while valuing active learning in an online environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04692142 , 31/12/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alharbi
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh H Alwadei
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Alwadei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Asiri
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alwadei
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Michel J, Murugasampillay S, Sauter TC, Tanner M. Teleeducation: Pandemic Proofing Global Education. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604872. [PMID: 35685337 PMCID: PMC9172445 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Michel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Janet Michel,
| | | | - Thomas C. Sauter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland
- WHO, Public Health Services, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Burrola-Mendez Y, Kamalakannan S, Rushton PW, Bouziane SA, Giesbrecht E, Kirby RL, Gowran RJ, Rusaw DF, Tasiemski T, Goldberg M, Tofani M, Pedersen JP, Pearlman J. Wheelchair service provision education for healthcare professional students, healthcare personnel and educators across low- to high-resourced settings: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2022; 18:67-88. [PMID: 35436160 PMCID: PMC7614122 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2037757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to collate and summarize available research literature about wheelchair service provision education available to healthcare professional students, healthcare personnel and educators across low- to high-resourced settings. METHODS The Joanna Briggs Institute methodological steps for scoping reviews were followed. Included studies were mainly sourced from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Academic Search Complete and ProQuest. Independent title, abstract and full-text screening with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. All screening and extraction were performed independently by two authors. A thematic approach was used to synthesize results. Data extracted from included studies were charted according to a template that we created. The study quality was also appraised. RESULTS A total of 25 articles were included (11, 36% from high-income settings) with 12 (48%) observational studies and 13 (52%) experimental studies. The literature addressed three main topics: (1) assessing wheelchair service provision knowledge, (2) implementing training interventions using in-person, online and/or hybrid learning approaches and (3) describing current wheelchair service provision education globally. The most frequently reported training programs used were the Wheelchair Skills Program and the World Health Organization Wheelchair Service Training Package - Basic Level. CONCLUSION Limited information has been published about the integration of wheelchair content into the curricula of professional rehabilitation programs. Efforts to build international partnerships, improve the quality and currency of training programs and build resources that can assist educators in the integration of wheelchair-related content into professional rehabilitation programs should be prioritized.Implications for RehabilitationThis is the first review that examined and synthesized the current state of wheelchair service provision education for rehabilitation students and personnel across low- to high-income countries.Findings from this review indicate that there is limited information about the integration of wheelchair-related content into professional rehabilitation programs.Efforts to build international partnerships, standardize wheelchair service provision content and evaluation and integrate training into professional rehabilitation programs worldwide should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohali Burrola-Mendez
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK,Public Health Foundation of India, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Paula W. Rushton
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Ed Giesbrecht
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R. Lee Kirby
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Rosemary J. Gowran
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, Health Implementation Science and Technology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Assisting Living and Learning (ALL) Institute Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - David F. Rusaw
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Tasiemski
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mary Goldberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Tofani
- Department of Intensive Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, Bambino Gesú Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jon Pearlman
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mortagy M, Abdelhameed A, Sexton P, Olken M, Hegazy MT, Gawad MA, Senna F, Mahmoud IA, Shah J, Aiash H. Online medical education in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide assessment of medical students' usage and perceptions. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:218. [PMID: 35354406 PMCID: PMC8966850 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic required a transformation of medical education in Egypt. Public health measures necessitated a rapid shift from traditional face to face lectures to largely online platforms following campus closures. The aim of this study is to characterize medical student use and perception of online medical education in Egypt as well as exploring the efficacy of different e-learning modalities. Additionally, many barriers and opportunities as perceived by students are reviewed to inform future educational improvements. METHODS A 29-item online survey was created on google forms and distributed by social media to medical students across 26 Egyptian medical schools. The survey was administered from August 20th, 2021, to September 5th, 2021. The survey consisted of a mixture of questions style. The medical students were asked about their experiences with online medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as medical students' anxiety, perceived academic performance, and obstacles related to online education. RESULTS Of the 4935 responses collected, 43.4% (n = 2140) of respondents were women; 56.6% (n = 2795) were men. Medical students from private medical schools were 13.0% (n = 644), whereas 87.0% (n = 4291) were from public medical schools. 54.6% of students reported that online education is not as effective as face-to-face education. There was a significant rise in hours spent by medical students on online medical education compared to before COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of students (63%) agreed that online recorded video tutorials (e.g., YouTube) were the most effective form of online medical education. CONCLUSION The shift to online education has significantly impacted medical students in Egypt. Medical students reported various limitations and challenges of online medical education, which must be addressed considering the potential benefits of online platforms over traditional face to face learning. The results of this nationwide study provide a framework for potential areas to implement change to improve the accessibility and structure of online medical education in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mortagy
- Internal Medicine Department, NewGiza University School of Medicine, Giza, Egypt
- Egyptian Medical Education Collaborative Group (EGY MedEd), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdelhameed
- Egyptian Medical Education Collaborative Group (EGY MedEd), Cairo, Egypt
- Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Patricia Sexton
- Family Medicine Department, AT Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, USA
| | - Melissa Olken
- Internal Medicine Department, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Hegazy
- Internal Medicine Department, NewGiza University School of Medicine, Giza, Egypt
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Fathy Senna
- Helwan University Faculty of Medicine, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | | | - Hani Aiash
- Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Lee YK, Wattanapisit A, Ng CJ, Boey CCM, Ahmad Kamar A, Choo YM, Hong JSS, Cheah FC, Tang SF, Poh BK, Chongviriyaphan N, Siwarom S, Visuthranukul C, Koletzko B. Tailoring an online breastfeeding course for Southeast Asian paediatric trainees- A qualitative study of user experience from Malaysia and Thailand. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35351116 PMCID: PMC8960711 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the user experiences of paediatric postgraduate trainees in Malaysia and Thailand in using a 2 h and 15 min online module for breastfeeding developed for Southeast Asia, which was adapted from existing European online modules for European and German Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits. METHODS A qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted with paediatric postgraduate trainees who used an online English-language breastfeeding module in two Thai universities (May 2020, done online) and two Malaysian universities (Sept- Nov 2019, in-person). FGDs explored module usability and utility. Sessions were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. The process of coding was done collaboratively by Thai and Malaysian researchers. RESULTS Twenty Six resident trainees participated (Thai, n = 13; Malaysian, n = 13). Ages ranged from 29-34 years old, with 21 females. Nineteen participants had never used online learning modules prior to this. Participants took between 1 to 5 sessions to complete the breastfeeding module. Four themes emerged from their experience. 1) The online learning module was more engaging and detailed than previous lectures, courses and/or books, but lacked hands-on training. 2) Using an online platform facilitated learning as eased navigation and resource searching, however, problems were encountered navigating the module on some devices. 3) Learners preferred less words and more graphics, as this helped them capture key messages. 4) Regionally tailored content elicited a mixed reaction from participants. CONCLUSIONS Users found that the adapted module compared favourably with previous learning experiences. However, online learning modules lack hands-on training, and implementation should ideally incorporate a mix of both. Consideration of device diversity and preferences for how content was adapted for local settings are needed for tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Kong Lee
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Apichai Wattanapisit
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Azanna Ahmad Kamar
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yao Mun Choo
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swee Fong Tang
- Specialist Children's Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nalinee Chongviriyaphan
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Siwarom
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonnikant Visuthranukul
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Rad RF, Sadrabad AZ, Nouraei R, Khatony A, Bashiri H, Bozorgomid A, Rezaeian S. Comparative study of virtual and face-to-face training methods on the quality of healthcare services provided by Kermanshah pre-hospital emergency staff (EMS): randomized educational Intervention trial. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 35337312 PMCID: PMC8957122 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency medical centers are globally one of the most important pillars of pre-hospital care. The most important purpose of this system is to provide satisfactory services in the shortest possible time and in accordance with the modern scientific standards of the world. The present study aimed to compare the effect of virtual and face-to-face training methods on the quality of service provided by Kermanshah pre-hospital emergency personnel, Iran. METHODS This was a randomized educational intervention trial performed among the staff of Kermanshah Emergency Medical Center. Individuals were randomly divided into two training groups of virtual and face-to-face. Participants in the face-to-face group received slides, lectures, and practical work with moulage for 6 h a day. Subjects were taught the four skills of intubation, laryngeal mask airway (LMA), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and attenuated electrical device (AED). Participants in the virtual group received the same content in the form of a training video on CD with a full explanation of the project's objectives. Pre- and post-test scores of participants were compared within and between the groups by Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS Eighty-seven individuals were participated in the study, 43 of whom were assigned to the face-to-face training group and 44 to the virtual training group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of work experience and educational level (P > 0.05). Post-training scores in both groups were significantly higher than pre-training in the four skills (P ≤ 0.005). After adjusting for educational level and work experience, however, the quality of CPR, intubation, and AED was higher in the face-to-face training group than in the virtual group. However, the increase in the mean score of LMA in the virtual training was not significantly different than that of the face-to-face training group. CONCLUSION The results of our study showed the same efficacy of both face-to-face and virtual methods in improving the performance of personnel in tracheal intubation, LMA, CPR and AED shock skills. E-learning methods can be used as a complement to face-to-face methods in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Farahmand Rad
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akram Zolfaghari Sadrabad
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Reza Nouraei
- Shohada Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khatony
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rusingiza E, Alizadeh F, Wolbrink T, Mutamba B, Vinci S, Profita EL, Rulisa S, DelSignore L, Solis J, Geggel R, Wilson K. An e-learning pediatric cardiology curriculum for Pediatric Postgraduate trainees in Rwanda: implementation and evaluation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:179. [PMID: 35291997 PMCID: PMC8925059 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to pediatric sub-specialty training is a critical unmet need in many resource-limited settings. In Rwanda, only two pediatric cardiologists are responsible for the country's clinical care of a population of 12 million, along with the medical education of all pediatric trainees. To strengthen physician training opportunities, we developed an e-learning curriculum in pediatric cardiology. This curriculum aimed to "flip the classroom", allowing residents to learn key pediatric cardiology concepts digitally before an in-person session with the specialist, thus efficiently utilizing the specialist for additional case based and bedside teaching. METHODS We surveyed Rwandan and US faculty and residents using a modified Delphi approach to identify key topics in pediatric cardiology. Lead authors from Rwanda and the USA collaborated with OPENPediatrics™, a free digital knowledge-sharing platform, to produce ten core topics presented in structured videos spanning 4.5 h. A mixed methods evaluation was completed with Rwandan pediatric residents, including surveys assessing knowledge, utilization, and satisfaction. Qualitative analysis of structured interviews was conducted using NVivo. RESULTS Among the 43 residents who participated in the OPENPediatrics™ cardiology curriculum, 33 (77%) completed the curriculum assessment. Residents reported using the curriculum for a median of 8 h. Thirty-eight (88%) reported viewing the curriculum on their personal or hospital computer via pre-downloaded materials on a USB flash drive, with another seven (16%) reporting viewing it online. Twenty-seven residents viewed the course during core lecture time (63%). Commonly reported barriers to utilization included lack of time (70%), access to internet (40%) and language (24%). Scores on knowledge assessment improved from 66.2% to 76.7% upon completion of the curriculum (p < 0.001) across all levels of training, with most significant improvement in scores for PGY-1 and PGY-2 residents. Residents reported high satisfaction with the visuals, engaging presentation, and organization of the curriculum. Residents opined the need for expanded training material in cardiac electrocardiogram and echocardiogram and requested for slower narration by foreign presenters. CONCLUSION Video-based e-learning via OPENPediatrics™ in a resource-limited setting was effective in improving resident's knowledge in pediatric cardiology with high levels of utilization and satisfaction. Expanding access to digital curriculums for other pediatric sub-specialties may be both an effective and efficient strategy for improving training in settings with limited access to subspecialist faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rusingiza
- University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Faraz Alizadeh
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci Wolbrink
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel Vinci
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Profita
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Steven Rulisa
- University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Lisa DelSignore
- Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Solis
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Geggel
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Wilson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schnieders E, Röhr F, Mbewe M, Shanzi A, Berner-Rodoreda A, Barteit S, Louis VR, Andreadis P, Syakantu G, Neuhann F. Real-life Evaluation of an Interactive Versus Noninteractive e-Learning Module on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease for Medical Licentiate Students in Zambia: Web-Based, Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 8:e34751. [PMID: 35200149 PMCID: PMC8914755 DOI: 10.2196/34751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND e-Learning for health professionals in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still in its infancy, but with the advent of COVID-19, a significant expansion of digital learning has occurred. Asynchronous e-learning can be grouped into interactive (user-influenceable content) and noninteractive (static material) e-learning. Studies conducted in high-income countries suggest that interactive e-learning is more effective than noninteractive e-learning in increasing learner satisfaction and knowledge; however, there is a gap in our understanding of whether this also holds true in LMICs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to validate the hypothesis above in a resource-constrained and real-life setting to understand e-learning quality and delivery by comparing interactive and noninteractive e-learning user satisfaction, usability, and knowledge gain in a new medical university in Zambia. METHODS We conducted a web-based, mixed methods randomized controlled trial at the Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU) in Lusaka, Zambia, between April and July 2021. We recruited medical licentiate students (second, third, and fourth study years) via email. Participants were randomized to undergo asynchronous e-learning with an interactive or noninteractive module for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and informally blinded to their group allocation. The interactive module included interactive interfaces, quizzes, and a virtual patient, whereas the noninteractive module consisted of PowerPoint slides. Both modules covered the same content scope. The primary outcome was learner satisfaction. The secondary outcomes were usability, short- and long-term knowledge gain, and barriers to e-learning. The mixed methods study followed an explanatory sequential design in which rating conferences delivered further insights into quantitative findings, which were evaluated through web-based questionnaires. RESULTS Initially, 94 participants were enrolled in the study, of whom 41 (44%; 18 intervention participants and 23 control participants) remained in the study and were analyzed. There were no significant differences in satisfaction (intervention: median 33.5, first quartile 31.3, second quartile 35; control: median 33, first quartile 30, second quartile 37.5; P=.66), usability, or knowledge gain between the intervention and control groups. Challenges in accessing both e-learning modules led to many dropouts. Qualitative data suggested that the content of the interactive module was more challenging to access because of technical difficulties and individual factors (eg, limited experience with interactive e-learning). CONCLUSIONS We did not observe an increase in user satisfaction with interactive e-learning. However, this finding may not be generalizable to other low-resource settings because the post hoc power was low, and the e-learning system at LMMU has not yet reached its full potential. Consequently, technical and individual barriers to accessing e-learning may have affected the results, mainly because the interactive module was considered more difficult to access and use. Nevertheless, qualitative data showed high motivation and interest in e-learning. Future studies should minimize technical barriers to e-learning to further evaluate interactive e-learning in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schnieders
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Freda Röhr
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Misho Mbewe
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aubrey Shanzi
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Astrid Berner-Rodoreda
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Barteit
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valérie R Louis
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gardner Syakantu
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Florian Neuhann
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
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Shemwell K, Jun-Ihn E, Pithia N, Strobel KM, Bacca Pinto LA, Chang NR, Seminario JR, Mitha K. Video simulation to learn pediatric resuscitation skills tailored to a low resource setting: A pilot program in Iquitos, Peru. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221077584. [PMID: 35173968 PMCID: PMC8841932 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221077584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Hospital Regional de Loreto in Peru partners with the University of California Los Angeles Global Health Program to enhance educational experiences for US and Peruvian trainees. University of California Los Angeles Pediatric faculty led intermittent in-person code simulation sessions for Peruvian residents, and there is a need for regular education on this topic. Methods: University of California Los Angeles residents created a video simulation of a patient in respiratory distress. The video was presented to Hospital Regional de Loreto trainees in pediatrics. Stakeholder interviews and reuse of the video after initial presentation assessed acceptability of this mode of education by the site. Pre- and post-surveys using numerical rating scales evaluated the educational utility of this specific simulation video. Paired t-tests compared the pre- and post-surveys in the effectiveness of increasing the trainees’ comfort of specific resuscitation skills. Results: Stakeholder interviews revealed the video simulation was integrated into formal intern orientation trainings as well as used for resident and physician trainings multiple times in the year after the introduction. Twenty trainees completed the pre-intervention survey and 19 completed the post-intervention survey. Trainee comfort with code team leadership (2.6 ± 0.9, 3.5 ± 0.09, p = 0.03) and arrhythmia recognition/automated external defibrillator (AED) management (2.4 ± 0.9, 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.03) increased significantly with the video intervention. There was no significant difference in comfort with other skills. Overall, trainees rated the helpfulness of the video as an average of 4.2 (±1.1) out of 5. The most common positive feedback included the utility of reviewing medication dosing and the skill of performing chest compressions. The most common suggestions for improvement were to review more pathophysiology and simulate available resources at Hospital Regional de Loreto more realistically. Conclusion: E-learning is an acceptable mode of education in a resource-limited setting when tailored to the local context. This pilot project demonstrated short-term improvement in reported confidence and skills with some aspects of pediatric resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Jun-Ihn
- UCLA Pediatric Residency Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neema Pithia
- UCLA Pediatric Residency Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katie M Strobel
- UCLA Pediatric Residency Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kiran Mitha
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yeung AWK, Parvanov ED, Hribersek M, Eibensteiner F, Klager E, Kletecka-Pulker M, Rössler B, Schebesta K, Willschke H, Atanasov AG, Schaden E. Digital Teaching in Medical Education: Scientific Literature Landscape Review. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 8:e32747. [PMID: 35138260 PMCID: PMC8867298 DOI: 10.2196/32747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital teaching in medical education has grown in popularity in the recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, no bibliometric report to date has been published that analyzes this important literature set to reveal prevailing topics and trends and their impacts reflected in citation counts. OBJECTIVE We used a bibliometric approach to unveil and evaluate the scientific literature on digital teaching research in medical education, demonstrating recurring research topics, productive authors, research organizations, countries, and journals. We further aimed to discuss some of the topics and findings reported by specific highly cited works. METHODS The Web of Science electronic database was searched to identify relevant papers on digital teaching research in medical education. Basic bibliographic data were obtained by the "Analyze" and "Create Citation Report" functions of the database. Complete bibliographic data were exported to VOSviewer for further analyses. Visualization maps were generated to display the recurring author keywords and terms mentioned in the titles and abstracts of the publications. RESULTS The analysis was based on data from 3978 papers that were identified. The literature received worldwide contributions with the most productive countries being the United States and United Kingdom. Reviews were significantly more cited, but the citations between open access vs non-open access papers did not significantly differ. Some themes were cited more often, reflected by terms such as virtual reality, innovation, trial, effectiveness, and anatomy. Different aspects in medical education were experimented for digital teaching, such as gross anatomy education, histology, complementary medicine, medicinal chemistry, and basic life support. Some studies have shown that digital teaching could increase learning satisfaction, knowledge gain, and even cost-effectiveness. More studies were conducted on trainees than on undergraduate students. CONCLUSIONS Digital teaching in medical education is expected to flourish in the future, especially during this era of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emil D Parvanov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Eibensteiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletecka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Ethics and Law in Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Rössler
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Academic Simulation Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Schebesta
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Academic Simulation Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Eva Schaden
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ayoola AS, Acker PC, Kalanzi J, Strehlow MC, Becker JU, Newberry JA. A qualitative study of an undergraduate online emergency medicine education program at a teaching Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35135519 PMCID: PMC8822823 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, half of all years of life lost is due to emergency medical conditions, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing a disproportionate burden of these conditions. There is an urgent need to train the future physicians in LMICs in the identification and stabilization of patients with emergency medical conditions. Little research focuses on the development of effective emergency medicine (EM) medical education resources in LMICs and the perspectives of the students themselves. One emerging tool is the use of electronic learning (e-learning) and blended learning courses. We aimed to understand Uganda medical trainees' use of learning materials, perception of current e-learning resources, and perceived needs regarding EM skills acquisition during participation in an app-based EM course. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups of medical students and EM residents. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. All sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The final codebook was approved by three separate investigators, transcripts were coded after reaching consensus by all members of the coding team, and coded data were thematically analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-six medical trainees were included in the study. Analysis of the transcripts revealed three major themes: [1] medical trainees want education in EM and actively seek EM training opportunities; [2] although the e-learning course supplements knowledge acquisition, medical students are most interested in hands-on EM-related training experiences; and [3] medical students want increased time with local physician educators that blended courses provide. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that while students lack access to structured EM education, they actively seek EM knowledge and practice experiences through self-identified, unstructured learning opportunities. Students value high quality, easily accessible EM education resources and employ e-learning resources to bridge gaps in their learning opportunities. However, students desire that these resources be complemented by in-person educational sessions and executed in collaboration with local EM experts who are able to contextualize materials, offer mentorship, and help students develop their interest in EM to continue the growth of the EM specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C. Acker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Joseph Kalanzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Matthew C. Strehlow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Joseph U. Becker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Newberry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Ng M, Chamileke N, Mapulanga V, Campain N, Payne S. The benefits of virtual learning webinars to both low and high-income countries. BJU Int 2022; 129:434-441. [PMID: 35128806 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 Covid pandemic has brought about many changes in the relationships between high income countries (HICs) and partner organisations in low or low-middle income countries (LMICs), such as predominate in sub-Saharan Africa. Medicine, surgery and in particular urology is no exception to the changes that Covid-19 has demanded. Urolink represents the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) on the global urology stage and has been deleteriously impacted by the pandemic. Education, one of the pillars of Urolink's founding philosophies, has conventionally been delivered by face-to face (F2F) teaching, training or mentoring by UK urologists at their host's site outside of the United Kingdom (UK). As a consequence of the inability to travel due to the pandemic, BAUS Urolink has evolved a virtual online webinar package evolved by, and delivered between, urologists in Lusaka, Zambia, and various centres in the United Kingdom. The aim was to deliver curricular-based educational topics to trainees in both countries. This programme has generated a number of live webinars, and archived recordings, during the pandemic that has proven accessible, and educationally acceptable, to trainees in the UK and Zambia. This webinar series has also generated relationships between young urologists on different continents, given each a different view of healthcare delivery outside of their country of origin at no appreciable cost, and would appear to be an educational mechanism that is durable for, and applicable to, a wider participation in the post-pandemic world.
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Ndayizigiye M, McBain R, Whelley C, Lerotholi R, Mabathoana J, Carmona M, Curtain J, Birru E, Stulac S, Miller AC, Shin S, Rumaldo N, Mukherjee J, Nelson AK. Integrating an early child development intervention into an existing primary healthcare platform in rural Lesotho: a prospective case-control study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051781. [PMID: 35121599 PMCID: PMC8819803 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated a novel early childhood development (ECD) programme integrated it into the primary healthcare system. SETTING The intervention was implemented in a rural district of Lesotho from 2017 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS It targeted primary caregivers during routine postnatal care visits and through village health worker home visits. INTERVENTION The hybrid care delivery model was adapted from a successful programme in Lima, Peru and focused on parent coaching for knowledge about child development, practicing contingent interaction with the child, parent social support and encouragement. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES We compared developmental outcomes and caregiving practices in a cohort of 130 caregiver-infant (ages 7-11 months old) dyads who received the ECD intervention, to a control group that did not receive the intervention (n=125) using a case-control study design. Developmental outcomes were evaluated using the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ), and caregiving practices using two measure sets (ie, UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), Parent Ladder). Group comparisons were made using multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for caregiver-level, infant-level and household-level demographic characteristics. RESULTS At completion, children in the intervention group scored meaningfully higher across all EASQ domains, compared with children in the control group: communication (δ=0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.26), social development (δ=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.8) and motor development (δ=0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.31). Caregivers in the intervention group also reported significantly higher adjusted odds of engaging in positive caregiving practices in four of six MICS domains, compared with caregivers in the control group-including book reading (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.77, 95% CI 1.94 to 7.29) and naming/counting (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.71). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that integrating an ECD intervention into a rural primary care platform, such as in the Lesothoan context, may be an effective and efficient way to promote ECD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan McBain
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joe Curtain
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sara Stulac
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann C Miller
- Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonya Shin
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joia Mukherjee
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ellakany P, Zuñiga RAA, El Tantawi M, Brown B, Aly NM, Ezechi O, Uzochukwu B, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Ishabiyi AO, Jafer M, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Osamika BE, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Shamala A, Al-Tammemi AB, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Nguyen AL, Folayan MO. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student' sleep patterns, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake: A global survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262617. [PMID: 35089943 PMCID: PMC8797200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The education sector experienced substantial impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting from worldwide restrictions. Purpose To examine differences in the sleep patterns, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake of students and non-students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a global cross-sectional study conducted in the second half of 2020 using multiple social media platforms to recruit study participants globally. A close-ended questionnaire was administered anonymously in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Arabic to adults ages 18 and older. The outcome variables considered in analyses were changes in sleep pattern, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake. The explanatory variable was student status categorized as students vs. non-student. T-test, chi-square, and Mann Whitney U tests were used to assess differences between student and non-student populations. One logistic regression model was built for each outcome variable. Country of residence and country income level were included in the adjusted models. Results There were 17,008 participants of which 3,793 (22.3%) were students. Of the total sample, 4,889 (28.7%) reported changes in sleep, 4,642 (31.8%) reported increases in sexual activity, 10,278 (70.7%) reported increases in screen use, and 5,662 (40.2%) reported increases in food intake during the pandemic. Compared to non-students, students had significantly higher odds of reporting changes in sleep (AOR = 1.52), increases in sexual activity (AOR = 1.79), and increases in screen use (AOR = 1.36) but lower odds of reporting increase in food intake (AOR = 0.87). Conclusion Students displayed higher risk of experiencing changes in sleep, sexual behavior, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has the potential to lead to broader adverse effects on students’ overall wellbeing. The findings and implications raise further obligations on the education sector to put extra-curricular support systems in place that address COVID-19 related behavior changes that have the potential to adversely impact students’ wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Uzochukwu
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- University of Nigeria Nsukka, (UNN) Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Government College for Women, Srinagar, Kashmir (J&K), India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Regent’s University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamala
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Salahshori A, Eslami K, Boostani H, Zahiri M, Jahani S, Arjmand R, Heydarabadi AB, Dehaghi BF. The university students’ viewpoints on e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Iran. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08984. [PMID: 35194562 PMCID: PMC8853985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 closed educational institutions and universities. The aim of this study was to explain the strengths and weaknesses of the e-learning system in Iranian universities of medical sciences in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative study that was conducted with students enrolled in Iranian medical universities. Data was collected through an open-ended electronic questionnaire based on the interview guide and was analyzed through content analysis. 122 students from 46 medical universities participated in this study. 122 questionnaires from 46 universities of medical sciences were completed. From a total of 54 codes extracted from the results, seven (strengths/positive experiences) and six (weaknesses/challenges) themes were extracted, each of which had several subsets. E-learning has both visible and hidden layers in terms of advantages and disadvantages. The e-learning system is an essential tool to continue education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most students believe that e-learning was a great complement to prevent academic failure, but it cannot replicate the same efficiency of face-to-face training.
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Expansion of Reconstructive Surgical Capacity in Vietnam: Experience from the ReSurge Global Training Program. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:563e-572e. [PMID: 35089267 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building local surgical capacity in low-income and middle-income countries is critical to addressing the unmet global surgical need. Visiting educator programs can be utilized to train local surgeons, but the quantitative impact on surgical capacity has not yet been fully described. The authors' objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of training utilizing a visiting educator program on local reconstructive surgical capacity in Vietnam. METHODS A reconstructive surgery visiting educator program was implemented in Vietnam. Topics of training were based on needs defined by local surgeons, including those specializing in hand surgery, microsurgery, and craniofacial surgery. A retrospective analysis of annual case numbers corresponding to covered topics between the years 2014 and 2019 at each hospital was conducted to determine reconstructive surgical volume and procedures per surgeon over time. Direct costs, indirect costs, and value of volunteer services for each trip were calculated. RESULTS Over the course of 5 years, 12 visiting educator trips were conducted across three hospitals in Vietnam. Local surgeons subsequently independently performed a total of 2018 operations corresponding to topics covered during visiting educator trips, or a mean of 136 operations annually per surgeon. Within several years, the hospitals experienced an 81.5 percent increase in surgical volume for these reconstructive clinical conditions, and annual case volume continues to increase over time. Total costs were $191,290, for a mean cost per trip of $15,941. CONCLUSIONS Surgical capacity can be successfully expanded by utilizing targeted visiting educator trips to train local reconstructive surgeons. Local providers ultimately independently perform an increased volume of complex procedures and provide further training to others.
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Richardson GE, Gillespie CS, Bandyopadhyay S, Norton EJ, Joshi JM, Mantle O, Ciuculete C, Nazari A, Ong J, Anand A, Park J, De Koning R, Ooi SZY, Erhabor J, Daler HK, Borbas B, Sibanda Z, Lerou I, Touzet AY, Mcelnay P, Murray S, Hutchinson PJ, Jenkins A. Hosting an Educational Careers Day Within the Virtual Paradigm: The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group Experience. Cureus 2022; 14:e21162. [PMID: 35165612 PMCID: PMC8836971 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To explore our experience of hosting the 10th Annual Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group-Society of British Neurological Surgeons (NANSIG-SBNS) Neurosurgery Careers Day, held virtually for the first time. Methods: Reflective feedback and review of an international, virtual neurosurgery careers day. The authors reflect on the logistics of organizing the event, and the pre- and post-event feedback provided by delegates. Recommendations have been made on how to successfully host a virtual event. The key themes that permeated the event have been outlined and discussed in the context of the feedback received. Results: The event was attended by 231 delegates from 20 countries worldwide. Knowledge of neurosurgery as a career and the application process increased after attending the careers day (4.27/5 to 4.51/5, p=0.003 and 3.12/5 to 4.31/5, p<0.001 respectively). The key themes identified from the event include attendance, networking, and education. Qualitative feedback was positive and indicated a positive perception of the careers day. Conclusions: The future of educational events is unclear, and a hybrid approach is recommended to retain the benefits of the online space when in-person events eventually return.
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Mehra R, Vats S, Kumar R, Chandwani H, Bhalla S, Kumar P, Mohan V. Emergence of diabetes education and capacity-building programs for primary care physicians in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:839-846. [PMID: 35495810 PMCID: PMC9051730 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_669_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally. India is home to the second-largest population suffering from diabetes. This underscores the need to build capacity of primary care physicians (PCPs) for better disease management. This narrative review article aims to describe the emergence of diabetes education and capacity-building programs for PCPs and its current situation in India. The review highlighted that major emphasis on diabetes was given only when the WHO estimated that morbidity and mortality due to diabetes would increase to 35% in India. As a result, National Diabetes Control Program was launched in 1987. Yet, very little attention was paid to diabetology in under-graduation. In the last decade, few public and private institutions have developed diabetes related capacity-building programs for PCPs independently or in collaborations. These programs include 16 fellowships, 4 diplomas, 12 certificate programs, and 6 other diabetes training programs, which have their own pros and cons. As medical science is changing rapidly, PCPs need to upgrade their skills and knowledge regularly to manage NCDs such as diabetes more effectively and efficiently. This can be possible only if scientific, evidence-based, and quality-oriented capacity-building programs are provided to the healthcare workforce.
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Doherty M, Lynch-Godrei A, Azad T, Ladha F, Ferdous L, Ara R, Richardson K, Groninger H. Using Virtual Learning to Develop Palliative Care Skills Among Humanitarian Health Workers in the Rohingya Refugee Response in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2022; 9:23821205221096099. [PMID: 36032810 PMCID: PMC9403457 DOI: 10.1177/23821205221096099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care is an essential component of health responses in humanitarian settings, yet it remains largely unavailable in these settings, due to limited availability of palliative care training for healthcare professionals. Online training programs which connect experts to clinicians in the field have been proposed as an innovative strategy to build palliative care capacity humanitarian settings. OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation and evaluate the impact of delivering palliative care education using an established virtual learning model (Project ECHO) for healthcare clinicians working in the Rohingya refugee response in Bangladesh. Program acceptability and the impacts on learners' self-reported knowledge, comfort, and practice changes were evaluated. METHODS Using the Project ECHO model, an education program consisting of 7 core sessions and monthly mentoring sessions was developed. Each session included a didactic lecture, case presentation and interactive discussion. Surveys of participants were conducted before and after the program to assess knowledge, confidence, and attitudes about palliative care as well as learning experiences from the program. RESULTS This virtual palliative care training program engaged 250 clinicians, including nurses (35%), medical assistants (28%) and physicians (20%). Most participants rated the program as a valuable learning experience (96%) that they would recommend to their colleagues (98%). Participants reported improvements in their knowledge and comfort related to palliative care after participation in the program, and had improved attitudes towards palliative care with demonstrated statistical significance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Virtual training is a feasible model to support healthcare providers in a humanitarian health response. Project ECHO can help to address the urgent need for palliative care in humanitarian responses by supporting healthcare workers to provide essential palliative care to the growing number of individuals with serious health-related suffering in humanitarian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Doherty
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Roger Neilson House, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anisha Lynch-Godrei
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Roger Neilson House, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tasnim Azad
- International Organization for Migration, Chittagong,
Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Rowsan Ara
- Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Nursing College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Jasim W. Knowledge assessment of medical students’ college regarding the suitability of e-learning application in medical education. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_56_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Manjareeka M, Kanungo P, Mishra S, Mondal H, Mishra J. Challenges and acceptance of synchronized e-learning for undergraduates during COVID-19 pandemic: Teachers' views from a health school of India. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tiamiyu K, Suarez JI, Komolafe MA, Kwasa JK, Saylor D. Effectiveness, relevance, and feasibility of an online neurocritical care course for African healthcare workers. J Neurol Sci 2021; 431:120045. [PMID: 34736123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The majority of neurological disorders exist in low- and middle-income countries, but these nations have the fewest neurologists and neurological training opportunities worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness, relevance, and feasibility of a five-day neurocritical care course delivered online to African healthcare workers and to understand participants' prior neurological and neurocritical care training experiences. We offered the Neurocritical Care Society's Emergency Neurological Life Support (ENLS) course covering 14 neurocritical conditions via Zoom to 403 African healthcare workers over a 4-day period. An additional day was devoted to management of neurological emergencies in resource-limited settings. Participants completed pre- and post-course surveys to assess the effectiveness, relevance, and feasibility of the overall course to their settings. 318 participants (46% female; 56% residents; 24% neurologists; 9.0 ± 6.7 years practicing medicine) from 11 African countries completed the pre-course self-assessment, and 232 completed the post-course self-assessment. 97% reported prior experience caring for patients with neurological emergencies but only 35% reported prior neurology training and 9% prior neurocritical care training. Pre-course and post-course comfort levels showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) across all fourteen neurocritical topics. 95% of participants found the course relevant to their current practice setting, 94% agreed the Zoom online platform was easy to use, and 93% reported it facilitated their learning. Suggestions for course improvement included addition of non-critical neurological conditions and inclusion of locally available diagnostics and treatment modalities. Study results suggest virtual platforms may offer a way to improve neurology training in areas with reduced neurological workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Tiamiyu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jose I Suarez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Deanna Saylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
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Gachanja F, Mwangi N, Gicheru W. E-learning in medical education during COVID-19 pandemic: experiences of a research course at Kenya Medical Training College. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:612. [PMID: 34893065 PMCID: PMC8664678 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-learning has been widely adopted as a teaching and learning approach in medical education internationally. However, its adoption in low- and middle-income countries is still at an infantile stage. The use of e-learning may help to overcome some of the barriers to access to quality education and provide flexible, low-cost, user-centred, and easily updated learning. To address the need for research education during the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented an e-learning course for students enrolled in higher diploma courses at the Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC). In this paper, we report our experience teaching the online research course in resource-constrained settings to enable other medical educators, students and institutions in similar settings to understand the most appropriate approaches to incorporating e-learning interventions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that reviewed the experiences of learners and lecturers on a research course at Kenya Medical Training College. All higher diploma students admitted to the college in the 2020/21 academic year were invited to take part in the study. We also included all lecturers that were involved in the coordination and facilitation of the course. We analysed qualitative and quantitative data that were collected from the e-learning platform, an online course-evaluation form and reports from course lecturers. RESULTS We enrolled 933 students on the online research course. These students had joined 44 higher diploma courses in 11 campuses of the college. The students struggled to complete synchronous e-learning activities on the e-learning platform. Only 53 and 45% of the students were able to complete the pretest and the posttest, respectively. Four themes were identified through a thematic analysis of qualitative data (1) Students gained research competencies (2) Students appreciated the use of diverse e-learning technologies (3) Students felt overwhelmed by the research course (4) Technological challenges reduce the effectiveness of online learning. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that e-learning can be used to teach complex courses, such as research in resource-constrained settings. However, faculty should include more asynchronous e-learning activities to enhance teaching and learning and improve student experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Gachanja
- Department of Public Health, Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nyawira Mwangi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wagaki Gicheru
- E-learning Department, Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
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Silva PGDB, Dias CC, Machado LC, Carlos ACAM, Dantas TS, Ximenes J, Sousa RMRB, Sousa FB. Distance education in dentistry in Brazil: a critical STROBE-based analysis. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e109. [PMID: 34816897 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced dentistry schools (DSs) to adapt their teaching techniques to digital platforms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate distance classes in the Brazilian DS curriculum. After an online search of higher education institutions (HEIs) with DS on the e-Ministry of Education (MEC) platform, we included institutions with at least one graduated class to extract the age/localization of the DS, funding, number of authorized seats, MEC-grade, ENADE-score, and workload. HEIs' webpages were consulted to identify the curriculum, subjects offered in the distance education (DE) format, extracurricular programs, scientific events, postgraduate programs, and institutional YouTube channels. Chi-square/Fisher's tests plus binary logistic regression were performed (SPSS 20.0, p < 0.05). Of the 241 DSs evaluated, 82 (34.0%) offered distance classes, and a high prevalence was observed in the southeast region (p <0.001) and private HEIs (p = 0.001). HEIs with distance classes had lower ENADE scores (p = 0.004), lower workload (p = 0.007), and higher workload for optional subjects (p = 0.016), doctoral programs (p = 0.041), specialization courses (p = 0.017), and institutional YouTube channels (p < 0.001). Southern dental schools (p < 0.001), lower workload (p = 0.022), optional subjects (p = 0.033), and institutional YouTube channels (p = 0.005) were independently associated with distance classes. In one-third of the Brazilian DSs, distance classes and institutional YouTube channels were strongly associated variables. The association of distance learning with lower workload and low academic performance draws attention to the need for regulatory bodies for controlling the quality of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Costa Dias
- Centro Universitário Christus, Department of Odontology, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Ximenes
- Centro Universitário Christus, Department of Odontology, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Centro Universitário Christus, Department of Odontology, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Adefuye AO, Adeola HA, Busari J. The COVID-19 pandemic: the benefits and challenges it presents for medical education in Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:42. [PMID: 34795823 PMCID: PMC8571917 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.42.28489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted many facets of everyday daily life, resulting in far-reaching consequences on social interaction, regional and global economies, and healthcare delivery systems. Numerous reports have commented on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education in various world regions. However, we know little about the influence of the pandemic on medical education in Africa. Here, we discuss the potential impact of COVID-19 on teaching and learning in undergraduate medical education in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrating some of the unexpected benefits and challenges the pandemic presents for medical education in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonio Oladele Adefuye
- Division of Health Sciences Education, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamiu Busari
- Educational Development and Research Department, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kurji Z, Aijaz A, Aijaz A, Jetha Z, Cassum S. Telesimulation Innovation on the Teaching of SPIKES Model on Sharing Bad News. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:623-627. [PMID: 34790846 PMCID: PMC8522599 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-20108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought to the world, an unprecedented emergency, which dramatically affected the face-to-face teaching in higher education academia. University faculty and students had to shift overnight to an online and remote course instruction. They were neither trained nor prepared and had limited resources and infrastructure. Palliative Care and Oncology Stream Faculty at Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Pakistan, piloted an innovative academic project using telesimulation (TS). Trainee nurse interns were taught communication skills and the art of breaking bad news to palliative clients using the SPIKES model through TS. To incorporate best practices for simulation-based experiences, we used the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning to standardize and implement TS with 141 interns. This review article documents how the faculty planned and implemented the TS strategy during COVID-19. It outlines the challenges and the lessons learnt from implementation and feedback from faculty and students. This information could be useful in the future execution of TS, in any communication and counseling course, since COVID-19 has impacted the future educational course design and pedagogy worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Kurji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azaina Aijaz
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amina Aijaz
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra Jetha
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shanaz Cassum
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zairi I, Ben Dhiab M, Mzoughi K, Ben Mrad I, Kraiem S. Assessing medical student satisfaction and interest with serious game. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:1030-1035. [PMID: 35288906 PMCID: PMC9390128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serious games are interactive and entertaining digital software with an educational purpose, and they are increasingly being used in undergraduate medical education. Effective serious games attempt to form positive mood in order to encourage players to continue the play, leading to increased interest in gameplay and satisfaction as well as better academic performances. AIM To determine the medical students' satisfaction, situational and individual interest during a serious game. METHODS This was a prospective study performed during a 2-year period (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). A total of 108 third-year medical students participated in this study. Students were asked to play a serious game on a computer for 20 minutes. A set of questionnaires containing evaluation grids to measure the satisfaction and interest was given to students. The effectiveness of the game was assessed using pre and post-tests. RESULTS Following the exclusion criteria of students due to missing data, complete data were available for 97 students. Satisfaction and interest experienced by the students were high. The median of the game performance of students was 418, 04 points. There was a positive relationship between ease of use and game performance. There was a negative correlation between the three scales of interest and game performance. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-tests and post-tests (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest the potentials of serious game on medical student's satisfaction, interest and learning achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsen Zairi
- 1- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Habib Thameur, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar
| | - Mohamed Ben Dhiab
- 2- Service de médecine légal, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse.
| | - Khadija Mzoughi
- 1- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Habib Thameur, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar
| | - Imtinen Ben Mrad
- 1- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Habib Thameur, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar
| | - Sondos Kraiem
- 1- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Habib Thameur, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar
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Asukile MT, Viljoen CA, Lee Pan E, Eastman R, Tucker LM. Evaluating the Efficacy of an Online Learning Tool for EEG Teaching: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurology 2021; 98:e164-e173. [PMID: 34675104 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a 6-month, interactive, multi-modal, web-based EEG teaching program (EEGonline) in improving EEG analysis and interpretation skills for neurologists, neurology residents and technologists, particularly in resource-limited settings.MethodsBetween June 2017 and November 2018, 179 learners originating from 20 African countries, Europe and USA were registered on the EEGonline course. Of these, 128 learners (91% African) participated in the study. Pre- and post-course multiple-choice-question (MCQ) test results and EEGonline user logs were analyzed. Differences in pre- and post-test performance were correlated with quantified exposure to various EEGonline learning modalities. Participants' impressions of EEGonline efficacy and usefulness were assessed through pre- and post-course satisfaction surveys.ResultsNinety-one participants attempted both pre- and post-course tests (71% response rate). Mean scores improved from 46.7% ±17.6% to 64.1% ±18% respectively (p<0.001, Cohen's d 0.974). The largest improvement was in correct identification of normal features (43.2% to 59.1%, p<0.001, Cohen's d 0.664) and artifacts (43.3% to 61.6%, p<0.001, Cohen's d 0.836). Improvement in knowledge was associated with improved subjective confidence in EEG analysis. Overall confidence among post-course survey respondents improved significantly from 35.9% to 81.9% (p<0.001). Lecture notes, self-assessment quizzes and discussion forums were the most utilised learning modalities. The majority of survey respondents (97.2%) concluded that EEGonline was a useful learning tool and 93% recommended that similar courses should be included in EEG training curricula.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a multi-modal, online EEG teaching tool was effective in improving EEG analysis and interpretation skills and may be useful in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Tunsubilege Asukile
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charle A Viljoen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward Lee Pan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roland Eastman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Maskew Tucker
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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83
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Chang TY, Hsu ML, Kwon JS, Kusdhany MFS, Hong G. Effect of online learning for dental education in asia during the pandemic of COVID-19. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:1095-1101. [PMID: 34484575 PMCID: PMC8403877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Online learning has been utilized in the world to continue educational activities in dentistry, which was severely affected by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19 in different dental schools of different countries in Asia by the questionnaire survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests were used to analyze the difference between dental schools with and without shutdown. A questionnaire-based online survey was used to evaluate the online learning effect on undergraduate students in 13 dental schools of 7 Asia countries and regions. RESULTS For the question that blended learning class has better learning efficiency, the agreement rate was significantly higher in the students (80.3%) from the dental schools that did not suspend face-to-face education activities than in the students (50.3%) from the dental school that was shut down. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, it is concluded that a combination of physical and online classes in terms of blended learning courses will be the future trend for dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yu Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Hsu
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Guang Hong
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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84
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Jiang LG, Greenwald PW, Alfonzo MJ, Torres-Lavoro J, Garg M, Munir Akrabi A, Sylvanus E, Suleman S, Sundararajan R. An International Virtual Classroom: The Emergency Department Experience at Weill Cornell Medicine and Weill Bugando Medical Center in Tanzania. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021; 9:690-697. [PMID: 34593591 PMCID: PMC8514026 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emergency medicine (EM) is rapidly being recognized as a specialty around the globe. This has particular promise for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that experience the largest burden of disease for emergency conditions. Specialty education and training in EM remain essentially an apprenticeship model. Finding the required expertise to educate graduate learners can be challenging in regions where there are low densities of specialty providers.We describe an initiative to implement a sustainable, bidirectional partnership between the Emergency Medicine Departments of Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM) in New York, NY, USA, and Bugando Medical Center (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. We used synchronous and asynchronous telecommunication technology to enhance an ongoing emergency medicine education collaboration.The Internet infrastructure for this collaboration was created by bolstering 4G services available in Mwanza, Tanzania. By maximizing the 4G signal, sufficient bandwidth could be created to allow for live 2-way audio/video communication. Using synchronous and asynchronous applications such as Zoom and WhatsApp, providers at WCM and BMC can attend real-time didactic lectures, participate in discussion forums on clinical topics, and collaborate on the development of clinical protocols. Proof of concept exercises demonstrated that this system can be used for real-time mentoring in EKG interpretation and ultrasound technique, for example. This system was also used to share information and develop operations flows during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of telecommunication technology and e-learning in a format that promotes long-term, sustainable interaction is practical and innovative, provides benefit to all partners, and should be considered as a mechanism by which global partnerships can assist with training in emergency medicine in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn G Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Peter W Greenwald
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Alfonzo
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jane Torres-Lavoro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Manish Garg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ally Munir Akrabi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Erasto Sylvanus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Shahzmah Suleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Radhika Sundararajan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.,Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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85
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Conway NB, Tempest HG, Fortun J. Remote Learning and Its Impact on Newly Matriculated Medical Students. Cureus 2021; 13:e17223. [PMID: 34540450 PMCID: PMC8442805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to massive disruptions in medical education. In the fall of 2020, newly matriculated medical students around the country started medical school in a remote learning setting. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on academic performance and student satisfaction among first-year medical students. Methods The newest cohort of first-year medical students (class of 2024; n = 128) who completed their first basic science course, "Genes, Molecules & Cells (GMC)," using an adapted remote format was compared to the prior year's cohort (class of 2023; n = 122) of first-year medical students who were taught using traditional approaches. The items that were compared were numerical performance on exams and quizzes, study strategies, and course evaluation in GMC. Data were analyzed with a two-sided t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Students' perception of remote learning was also reported and results were obtained using a five-point Likert scale through anonymous surveys via E-value. Results No statistical difference was observed in students' performance on the midterm and final examinations between the two cohorts in both multiple-choice and written examinations. Mean multiple-choice question (MCQ) midterm students' performance in remote learning compared to traditional learning cohort was 75.9%, standard deviation (SD) 6.1 to 75.89%, SD 6.49, respectively. Mean MCQ final students' performance was 84%, SD 6.37 (class of 2024) to 85%, SD 8.78 (class of 2023). Students' satisfaction with their learning experience was similar among the two groups (class of 2024: mean = 4.61, SD 0.66; class of 2023: mean = 4.57, SD 0.68). Most students (70%) in the remote learning cohort had a positive opinion of remote learning. Of the students, 17% reported feeling disconnected, isolated, or not actively involved. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that not only is remote learning effective but that the students were also resilient in their adaptation to a new learning format. Our experience highlights the importance of including wellness solutions to mitigate the feeling of isolation and disconnection during remote learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Conway
- Office of Medical Education, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Helen G Tempest
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Jenny Fortun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
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86
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Hicks JP, Allsop MJ, Akaba GO, Yalma RM, Dirisu O, Okusanya B, Tukur J, Okunade K, Akeju D, Ajepe A, Okuzu O, Mirzoev T, Ebenso B. Acceptability and Potential Effectiveness of eHealth Tools for Training Primary Health Workers From Nigeria at Scale: Mixed Methods, Uncontrolled Before-and-After Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e24182. [PMID: 34528891 PMCID: PMC8485189 DOI: 10.2196/24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in-service training of frontline health workers (FHWs) in primary health care facilities plays an important role in improving the standard of health care delivery. However, it is often expensive and requires FHWs to leave their posts in rural areas to attend courses in urban centers. This study reports the implementation of a digital health tool for providing video training (VTR) on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) care to provide in-service training at scale without interrupting health services. The VTR intervention was supported by satellite communications technology and existing 3G mobile networks. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of these digital health tools and their potential effectiveness in improving clinical knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to MNCH care. METHODS A mixed methods design, including an uncontrolled pre- and postquantitative evaluation, was adopted. From October 2017 to May 2018, a VTR mobile intervention was delivered to FHWs in 3 states of Nigeria. We examined changes in workers' knowledge and confidence in delivering MNCH services through a pre- and posttest survey. Stakeholders' experiences with the intervention were explored through semistructured interviews that drew on the technology acceptance model to frame contextual factors that shaped the intervention's acceptability and usability in the work environment. RESULTS In total, 328 FHWs completed both pre- and posttests. FHWs achieved a mean pretest score of 51% (95% CI 48%-54%) and mean posttest score of 69% (95% CI 66%-72%), reflecting, after adjusting for key covariates, a mean increase between the pre- and posttest of 17 percentage points (95% CI 15-19; P<.001). Variation was identified in pre- and posttest scores by the sex and location of participants alongside topic-specific areas where scores were lowest. Stakeholder interviews suggested a wide acceptance of VTR Mobile (delivered via digital technology) as an important tool for enhancing the quality of training, reinforcing knowledge, and improving health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study found that VTR supported through a digital technology approach is a feasible and acceptable approach for supporting improvements in clinical knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices in MNCH. The determinants of technology acceptance included ease of use, perceived usefulness, access to technology and training contents, and the cost-effectiveness of VTR, whereas barriers to the adoption of VTR were poor electricity supply, poor internet connection, and FHWs' workload. The evaluation also identified the mechanisms of the impact of delivering VTR Mobile at scale on the micro (individual), meso (organizational), and macro (policy) levels of the health system. Future research is required to explore the translation of this digital health approach for the VTR of FHWs and its impact across low-resource settings to ameliorate the financial and time costs of training and support high-quality MNCH care delivery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry 32105372; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32105372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Paul Hicks
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew John Allsop
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Godwin O Akaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ramsey M Yalma
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Babasola Okusanya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Kehinde Okunade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - David Akeju
- Department of Sociology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adegbenga Ajepe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Okey Okuzu
- Instrat Global Health Solutions, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tolib Mirzoev
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bassey Ebenso
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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87
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Tsuchiya M, Terazono H, Maki Y, Yoshikawa N, Kawahara Y, Nishimura K, Shinohara K, Ogawa D, Mori R, Iwamoto Y, Itagaki F, Masuko H, Yonemura M, Uchida M. Evaluation of a web-based educational programme for pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1743-1749. [PMID: 34480777 PMCID: PMC8657323 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Continuing education is essential for pharmacists to acquire and maintain the knowledge, skills, and ethical attitudes necessary for clinical practice. However, with the emergence of COVID-19, the social circumstances and face-to-face learning environments have changed. The objectives of this study were to determine Japanese pharmacists' perception of a web-based educational programme in oncology, and assess changes in their understanding of pharmaceutical care in oncology before and after their participation in the webinar. METHODS Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted for the participants of the web-based educational programme to determine their perspectives on the webinar, and their degree of comprehension of the five cancer types covered before and after watching the webinar. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 1936 pharmacists taking the programme, all participated in the pre-webinar survey, and 1861 (96.1%) in the post-webinar survey. Compared with previous seminars that were held in the offline mode before the COVID-19 pandemic, 76.8% of respondents were significantly satisfied with the web-based educational programme. The median post-webinar comprehension scores in all modules were significantly higher than the median pre-webinar scores (p < 0.0001). A majority of the participants agreed that a web-based educational programme was satisfactory in acquiring knowledge. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This web-based educational programme was effective for Japanese pharmacists for postgraduate education in pharmaceutical care in oncology. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the effectiveness of a web-based educational programme for oncology pharmacists using a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.,Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Terazono
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Maki
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawahara
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishimura
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Sogo Medical, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinohara
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Saku, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Matsuda Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Riho Mori
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokusima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwamoto
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Fumio Itagaki
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Clinical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Masuko
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahito Yonemura
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mayako Uchida
- Education and Training Committee, Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology (JASPO), Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
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88
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Roszak M, Sawik B, Stańdo J, Baum E. E-Learning as a Factor Optimizing the Amount of Work Time Devoted to Preparing an Exam for Medical Program Students during the COVID-19 Epidemic Situation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1147. [PMID: 34574923 PMCID: PMC8469934 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on the learning and teaching processes, particularly in healthcare education and training, because of the principal position of the cutting-edge student-patient interaction. Replacing the traditional form of organization and implementation of knowledge evaluation with its web-based equivalent on an e-learning platform optimizes the whole didactic process not only for the unit carrying it out but, above all, for students. This research is focused on the effectiveness of the application of e-learning for computer-based knowledge evaluation and optimizing exam administration for students of medical sciences. The proposed approach is considered in two categories: from the perspective of the providers of the evaluation process, that is, the teaching unit; and the recipients of the evaluation process, that is, the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Sawik
- Department of Business Informatics and Engineering Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jacek Stańdo
- Centre of Mathematics and Physics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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89
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Shams P, Ahmed I, Shahab H, Kadani Z, Khan A, Shams M, Saeed Y, Bokhari S, Khan AH. Cardiovascular fellow-in-training feedback on virtual and simulator-based learning experience during Covid-19 pandemic in a low to middle income country - A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102786. [PMID: 34512960 PMCID: PMC8418381 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has introduced us to a greater need of virtual learning platforms and has resulted in less clinical exposure for fellows-in-training. Virtual and simulator-based learning is not widely available in LMIC. It is imperative to analyze feedback of CV fellow-in-training regarding this mode of learning before large scale implementation. METHODOLOGY This was an observational study conducted between July-August 2020. A multicentered survey was conducted. Survey questionnaire was disseminated to FIT (fellow-in-training) via Google Forms. The questionnaire contained a total of 24 questions about virtual and simulator-based learning during the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 68 FIT responded to the survey. The mean age was 29.9 years. There were 37% females and 63% males. Majority (75%) agreed that it was easier for them to reach for online sessions than physical sessions. 60% FIT were confident in asking questions or giving comments during the online sessions. 57.4% FIT felt it easier to go through cardiovascular imaging/illustrations via online platforms. 50% (34) were confident that if online sessions had to continue, they would have enough academic learning before they graduated from the program and 54.4% (37) wanted online sessions to continue even beyond the pandemic days. 37.5% (18 out of 48) agreed that the simulator-based teaching was helping them practice skills in times of less clinical exposure. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted cardiovascular FIT learning curve because of less hands-on and lack of physical teaching sessions. LMIC have lack of robust e-learning platforms. Virtual learning is convenient for academic learning with growing acceptance amongst fellows. FIT from LMIC are less acquaint to simulator-based teaching and there is a need to invest in simulator-based cardiovascular teaching in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirbhat Shams
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Intisar Ahmed
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hunaina Shahab
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Kadani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisal Khan
- Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marvi Shams
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yawer Saeed
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bokhari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Hameed Khan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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90
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Chakraborty M, Reddy YAK, Ghoshal JA, Amudharaj D, Tripathi M. Preparedness of medical students towards e-learning conducted during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional descriptive study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:302. [PMID: 34667802 PMCID: PMC8459856 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 lockdown has mandated the medical colleges to start academics using electronic mode. Synchronous e-learning was started by our institute to replicate traditional classes in line with the routine academic schedule. the objective of this study attempted to assess the e-learning readiness of the students of our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was planned using the model proposed by Oketch et al. with local modifications. The questionnaire was designed in Google Forms and mailed to respond using Likert scale. The nonparametric data collected from the total 84 respondents were analyzed for validity and reliability of the questionnaire, mean values to know the readiness (mean = 3.4), and one-step multiple regression to know the predictors. RESULTS The mean eLR (e-learning readiness) as evaluated from attitudinal readiness (MeanAR = 3.6), culture readiness (MeanCR = 2.3), material and technological readiness (MeanMTR = 3.7), and mental health readiness (MeanMHR = 2.4) is 3.03 (60.6% with n = 84). Multiple regression analysis revealed that all the variables except MHR can significantly predict e-learning readiness linearly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The institute is ready for e-learning in terms of AR and MTR (mean values >3.4). CR and MHR still need a lot of improvisation to make it acceptable for e-learning. The model could explain 54.9% readiness level with CR as the most important predictor. More than 73% (n = 84) of the respondents have acknowledged the present form of online classes to be the best available option in COVID-19 lockdown and most of them are adapted to e-classes in the institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montosh Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Y. Anil Kumar Reddy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Joy A. Ghoshal
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D. Amudharaj
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Tripathi
- Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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91
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Doherty M, Rayala S, Evans E, Rowe J, Rapelli V, Palat G. Using Virtual Learning to Build Pediatric Palliative Care Capacity in South Asia: Experiences of Implementing a Teleteaching and Mentorship Program (Project ECHO). JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:210-222. [PMID: 33555911 PMCID: PMC8081544 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care is an important component of pediatric cancer treatment that provides holistic support for children and their families. In low- and middle-income countries, where 98% of the children needing palliative care reside, access to palliative care services is often very limited. Training opportunities for healthcare professionals are essential to improve access to palliative care in these settings. Virtual learning, which brings training and mentorship directly to learners, can improve access to educational opportunities for staff in resource-limited settings. In this report, we describe a novel and evolving model of building pediatric palliative care (PPC) capacity in South Asia. We describe the design, implementation, challenges, and subsequent modifications of our program, as well as the impact of the program for participants and for PPC service delivery in South Asia. Our teleteaching and mentoring program (Project ECHO) [Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes] consisted of biweekly videoconference sessions with didactic teaching and case-based discussions. The program focused on engaging participants in meaningful learning by focusing on opportunities for participant interaction through teachings and case discussions. Participants identified the program as particularly beneficial for improving their knowledge and confidence in managing seriously ill children. Project ECHO is a novel model of building PPC capacity that is suitable for resource-limited settings. Key modifications to the Project ECHO model include a course-specific leadership team, developing learning plans to address the specific learning needs of participants, focusing on ensuring learner participation during sessions, and using social media and electronic resources to create opportunities for further learning outside of ECHO sessions. These adaptations may improve the efficacy of Project ECHO and others using virtual learning programs in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Doherty
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spandana Rayala
- Pain Relief and Palliative Care Society, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Emily Evans
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rowe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gayatri Palat
- MNJ Institute of Oncology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Rodman A, Abrams HR, Watto M, Trivedi S, Barbee J, Meraz-Munoz A, Fried MC. Medical Podcasting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Needs Assessment and Vision for the Future. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2021; 33:416-422. [PMID: 33587858 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2021.1875834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Physician shortages in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have led to increased interest in using e-learning tools for training. Organic digital education (ODE)-digital scholarship largely created outside of formal medical curricula-has increased in popularity over the past decade. Medical podcasting has become one of the most prominent asynchronous ODE sources for learners in high-income (HI) countries; there have been no previous attempts to characterize their use in LMIC. Approach: Listener data from a 2-year period from three major internal medicine podcasts-Bedside Rounds, Core IM, and The Curbsiders-were aggregated, 188 episodes in total. These data were subdivided into country by top-level domain, normalized by population, and grouped together by World Bank income levels and English-speaking status. This methodology was also repeated to compare individual episodes on topics more versus less relevant to learners in LMIC. Findings: Over a 2-year period, the three podcasts had a total of 2.3 million unique downloads and were listened to in 192 of 207 countries worldwide. Overall, 91.5% of downloads were in HI countries, with 8.2% in LMIC. A total of 86.1% of listens were in countries with English as an official or unofficial listed language, whereas 13.8% were in countries without. Normalized for population, listeners in HI countries represented 970.5 listens per million population compared with 12.4 per million in LMIC. An analysis of individual episodes by topic showed that material more relevant to learners in LMIC had significantly more listeners from these countries. Insights: Compared with other forms of ODE, medical podcasting has much lower uptake in LMIC. However, there are considerable opportunities for growth. Medical podcasters in HI countries should be aware of a potential global audience and should take concrete steps to ensure a diversity of content and to periodically audit their data. Medical educators in LMIC should consider podcasting as a potentially powerful form of teaching. International medical educational organizations as well as podcasting organizations should provide resources for educators in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rodman
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah R Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Watto
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shreya Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeff Barbee
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Martin C Fried
- Department of Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Vides-Porras A, Cáceres P, Company A, Guillen O, Arrien MA, Castellano Y, Margalef M, Yantuche W, Fernández E, Martínez C. Gaining insight into the implementation of an e-learning smoking cessation course in Latin American countries. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:349-362. [PMID: 32594125 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous medical education focused on health problems emerging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is scarce. Although tobacco consumption is increasing in LMICs, there is a lack of tobacco cessation training programs in these countries. To promote smoking cessation interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay, we adapted an e-learning program developed in Catalonia (Spain). This process evaluation study reports on reach, dose and satisfaction of participants with the course, as well as the contextual factors of its application. We conducted a multiple method evaluation, which included a survey and several focus groups, each one specific to the same type of healthcare professional (nurses, doctors, other professionals). Two hundred and ninety-two participants registered into the online course. The motivation for undertaking the course was different between doctors and nurses. The main sources of difficulty in enrolling and finishing the course were the technical problems experienced when accessing the platform, and lack of acquaintance with computers and the Internet in general. Our results show that implementing e-learning education in hospitals from LMICs is feasible, especially when there are similarities between participating countries and the country in which the original program was developed. However, several elements such as strong organizational commitment, technical support and resources and adequate communication channels should be provided to facilitate enrollment and training completion. Efforts to improve Internet access should be made to avoid jeopardizing students' motivation to enroll and complete online training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vides-Porras
- School of Social Sciences, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 zona 15 Vista Hermosa III, Guatemala 01015, Guatemala
| | - Paula Cáceres
- Radiation Oncology Department, Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo del Valle S., 6 Av 6-58 Z-11, Guatemala
| | - Assumpta Company
- E-oncologia Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Guillen
- E-oncologia Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martha Alicia Arrien
- Instituto Oncologico del Oriente Boliviano de Santa Cruz de la Sierra Av. Marcelo Terceros Bánzer, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Yolanda Castellano
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Margalef
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wendy Yantuche
- Oncologic Surgery, Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo del Valle S, Guatemala
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Feixa llarga s/n, 08907.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing: Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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94
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Gismalla MDA, Mohamed MS, Ibrahim OSO, Elhassan MMA, Mohamed MN. Medical students' perception towards E-learning during COVID 19 pandemic in a high burden developing country. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34246254 PMCID: PMC8271314 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In High-income countries, many academic institutions are using E-learning during COVID 19 Pandemic. However, in limited-resource countries, like Sudan, shifting towards E-learning requires many adjustments to be made to make sure the E-learning is held in a proper manner, as best as possible. This study was undertaken to assess medical students' perception towards implementing E-learning during COVID 19 Pandemic and to highlight for E-learning implementation in Sudan as an example of a limited-resource setting. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 and 25 of May 2020 among the undergraduate medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. The study used self-administered online-based questionnaire. E-mail and social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp were utilized to disseminate the questionnaire. RESULTS The total numbers of 358 undergraduate medical students responded to the online survey questionnaire. The majority (87.7 %) of students agreed that the closure of the university is an essential decision to control the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Approximately two-thirds (64 %) of students perceived that E-learning is the best solution during COVID 19 lockdown. The level of medical students (Pre-clerkship and Clerkship) and place of residence had significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) with medical students opinion regards starting the E-learning. Internet bandwidth and connectivity limitation, unfamiliarity with E-learning system, technical support limitation and time flexibility in case of technical problems during online exams, and lack of face-to-face interaction were the factors considered by medical students to be against the E-learning implementation. CONCLUSIONS Most medical students had a positive perception of E-learning. However, there are many challenges considered as an inhibitory factor for utilizing electronic technologies for medical education. We recommend that challenges of E-learning in our limited-resource setting should be systematically evaluated and that effective strategies should be developed to overcome their inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omaima Salah O Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Medani, Sudan
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95
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Davis SH, Winer JP, Gillespie SC, Mulder LA. The Refugee and Immigrant Core Stressors Toolkit (RICST): Understanding the Multifaceted Needs of Refugee and Immigrant Youth and Families Through a Four Core Stressors Framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:620-630. [PMID: 34258385 PMCID: PMC8267510 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-021-00218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that refugee and immigrant youth commonly face four core stressors during resettlement in a new country and culture: trauma, acculturative stress, resettlement stress, and isolation. This Four Core Stressors framework can be used to educate providers about these populations’ unique needs and support assessment of relevant socioecological factors influencing health. To facilitate education, training, and dissemination of this framework and complement existing provider resources, we developed the Refugee & Immigrant Core Stressors Toolkit (RICST), a free, web-based toolkit that provides an overview of the Four Core Stressors framework, assessment questions across the four domains, scaffolding to identify needs and points of triage, and recommended interventions. Public hosting of the RICST via REDCap began in March 2018. In addition to the toolkit, users are prompted to provide location of service delivery, intended purpose of use, and interface feedback. Between March 2018 and October 2020, the RICST was used over 2300 times across 6 continents. Most providers used the toolkit to learn more about the needs of refugee and immigrant youth in general, and several noted that it is a valuable educational tool for staff unfamiliar with these populations. Open-ended qualitative feedback indicated high usability. Amidst historically high levels of forced displacement, tools to support provider effectiveness in working with these populations are increasingly needed. The RICST shows promise as an educational, assessment, and treatment-planning tool for providers working with refugee and immigrant families globally. Future directions include location-specific resource mapping and culture-specific intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha H. Davis
- Trauma and Community Resilience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Winer
- Trauma and Community Resilience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sarah C. Gillespie
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Luna A. Mulder
- Trauma and Community Resilience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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96
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e-Learning for enhancement of medical student performance at the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253860. [PMID: 34197528 PMCID: PMC8248612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of student e-learning on the development of clinical competencies. The study participants were 3rd year students (n = 43) at a private mid-sized medical school located in a South Korean suburb on a four-year medical program. Educational intervention was implemented to enhance student clinical performance. Students engaged in learning activities that intended to promote their self-directed learning abilities and clinical performances using e-learning resources. Intervention was conducted for the duration of six months during the 3rd year and its effectiveness was investigated by comparing student performances in OSCEs in a pre- and post- comparison format and also by comparing them with national scores. In addition, student perceptions of the impact of e-learning on their OSCE performances were assessed using a questionnaire, which included 36 items that elicited student perceptions of their experiences of e-learning and readiness for e-learning. Student OSCE scores improved significantly after educational intervention in all domains of clinical competencies assessed and for total scores (p < 0.001). Furthermore, students achieved higher OSCE scores than national average scores in the post-test, whereas they had performed lower than national average scores in the pre-test. Students showed neutral or slightly positive responses to the effectiveness of e-learning, and their perceptions of e-learning were not associated with their e-learning readiness scores. The study shows student OSCE performance improved significantly after educational intervention, which indicate the effectiveness of e-learning to support student learning of clinical performance. Despite significant improvements in student OSCE scores after e-learning, their perceptions of its effectiveness were neutral. Furthermore, student perceptions of e-learning were not associated with their readiness for it. Suggestions are made to help students use e-learning more effectively to enhance their clinical competencies.
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97
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Carrillo LA, Sabharwal S. Pediatric Orthopaedic Observerships in North America for International Surgeons: Perceived Barriers and Opportunities for Visitors and Hosts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:00004623-990000000-00278. [PMID: 34191778 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recommendations for high-income countries to partner with low-income and middle-income countries to expand surgical access, little is known about the barriers that are faced by international surgeons (ISs) who participate in short-term clinical observerships in North America and the barriers that are encountered by their North American (NA) hosts. METHODS Surveys were distributed to ISs who participated in a pediatric orthopaedic observership in North America in 2009 to 2019 and their NA hosts to assess the perceived barriers that are faced by both partners and identify possible opportunities for improvement. RESULTS Responses were received from 181 ISs and 46 NA hosts. The ISs reported facing a variety of barriers prior to, during, and after completion of their NA observerships, including financial burden, language and cultural barriers, and challenges with local accommodations and transportation. Only 49% of ISs reported that their NA hosts had sought feedback from them. Barriers noted by the NA hosts included financial burden, logistical challenges with hosting, language barriers, and lack of support from their co-faculty/staff. At least 43% of NA hosts reported that their observership program was unfunded. Based on the survey responses, potential areas that may enhance the observership experience include funding support, creating a centralized data bank of pediatric subspecialty opportunities that are available at each sponsoring institution, a pre-visit orientation for the visiting surgeon, improving inclusivity by addressing language and cultural barriers, improving access to observing surgical procedures, obtaining post-visit feedback, and creating a virtual community of international visitors and NA hosts for an ongoing exchange of ideas and resources. CONCLUSIONS The ISs who participated in a pediatric orthopaedic clinical observership and their NA hosts identified limited funding as a major barrier. There are several opportunities for enhancing this unique learning experience and exploring the role of contextual remote learning for all participants. Additional studies are needed to investigate the value of clinical observerships for ISs, including the downstream impact of such opportunities on capacity-building, bidirectional learning, and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeev Sabharwal
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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98
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Patano A, Cirulli N, Beretta M, Plantamura P, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Bordea IR, Malcangi G, Marinelli G, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. Education Technology in Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116056. [PMID: 34199882 PMCID: PMC8200064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, medical education changed from traditional teaching methods to telematic and networking scholar and e-learning approach. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and teachers/student's acceptability of e-learning applied to the field of orthodontics and paediatric dentistry. A database search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and Embase databases from January 2005 to May 2021. A total of 172 articles were identified by the electronic search, while a total of 32 papers were selected for qualitative analysis. Overall, 19 articles investigated the effectiveness of e-learning, and no difference of acceptability was reported between e-learning and traditional methods for a wide part of the articles selected. A total of 25 papers provided a satisfaction questionnaire for learners and all were positive in their attitude towards e-learning. The results showed that e-learning is an effective method of instruction, complementing the traditional teaching methods, and learners had a positive attitude and perception. The evidence of the present study reported a high level of acceptability and knowledge level of e-learning techniques, compared to frontal lecture methods, in the fields of orthodontics and paediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Nunzio Cirulli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Private Practice in Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Beretta
- Digital Dentistry, Private in Varese, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Paola Plantamura
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.R.B.); (G.M.); (F.L.); Tel.: +40-7-4491-9319 (I.R.B); +39-34-0334-8500 (G.M.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.B.); (G.M.); (F.L.); Tel.: +40-7-4491-9319 (I.R.B); +39-34-0334-8500 (G.M.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.R.B.); (G.M.); (F.L.); Tel.: +40-7-4491-9319 (I.R.B); +39-34-0334-8500 (G.M.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (N.C.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
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Yo EC, Witjaksono AN, Fitriani DY, Werdhani RA, Parikesit D. Assessing webinar outcomes for health professionals: a perspective from Indonesia during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. KOREAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 33:87-96. [PMID: 34062640 PMCID: PMC8169372 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2021.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health institutions and hospitals are increasingly relying on e-learning for continuing education. However, in many countries there is still limited data on the effectiveness of online learning particularly in the healthcare field. This study aims to evaluate whether webinar as a form of online educational intervention is satisfactory and effective for the continuing education of health professionals in Indonesia. METHODS We collected participants' demographic information including health profession, place of work, work unit, and year of graduation. There were six independent webinars included in this study. Webinar outcomes included satisfaction and learning scores. Regarding satisfaction, participants were told to complete a satisfaction survey and asked whether they would recommend the webinar to their colleagues. Regarding learning, information on their mean pre-test and post-test scores was collected. RESULTS A total of 3,607 health professionals were enrolled, with the highest participation in webinars about emergency cases and COVID-19 management. The response towards satisfaction was overwhelmingly positive. In all six webinars, post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than pre-test scores. Recently graduated physicians scored higher in learning than senior physicians, while place of work and work unit did not significantly affect the scores. CONCLUSION The use of webinar for health professionals training in Indonesia was well-received amid the ongoing pandemic. In the future, health institutions and teaching hospitals should optimize the implementation of webinar training as it is associated with low cost, high flexibility, and less time commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dewi Yunia Fitriani
- Occupational Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Universita Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyandra Parikesit
- Urology Medical Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Thi Nguyen VA, Könings KD, Scherpbier AJJA, van Merriënboer JJG. Attracting and retaining physicians in less attractive specialties: the role of continuing medical education. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:69. [PMID: 34011364 PMCID: PMC8132429 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less attractive specialties in medicine are struggling to recruit and retain physicians. When properly organized and delivered, continuing medical education (CME) activities that include short courses, coaching in the workplace, and communities of practice might offer a solution to this problem. This position paper discusses how educationalists can create CME activities based on the self-determination theory that increase physicians' intrinsic motivation to work in these specialties. MAIN CONTENT The authors propose a set of guidelines for the design of CME activities that offer physicians meaningful training experiences within the limits of the available resources and support. First, to increase physicians' sense of professional relatedness, educationalists must conduct a learner needs assessment, evaluate CME's long-term outcomes in work-based settings, create social learning networks, and involve stakeholders in every step of the CME design and implementation process. Moreover, providing accessible, practical training formats and giving informative performance feedback that authentically connects to learners' working life situation increases physicians' competence and autonomy, so that they can confidently and independently manage the situations in their practice contexts. For each guideline, application methods and instruments are proposed, making use of relevant literature and connecting to the self-determination theory. CONCLUSIONS By reducing feelings of professional isolation and reinforcing feelings of competence and autonomy in physicians, CME activities show promise as a strategy to recruit and retain physicians in less attractive specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Medical Education and Skills Laboratory, Hanoi Medical University, Room 504, B Building, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dongda, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam
| | - Karen D. Könings
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. A. Scherpbier
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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