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Kuthyar S, Reese AT. Variation in Microbial Exposure at the Human-Animal Interface and the Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Health Outcome. mSystems 2021; 6:e0056721. [PMID: 34342530 PMCID: PMC8407385 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00567-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome varies between populations, largely reflecting ecological differences. One ecological variable that is rarely considered but may contribute substantially to microbiome variation is the multifaceted nature of human-animal interfaces. We present the hypothesis that different interactions with animals contribute to shaping the human microbiome globally. We utilize a One Health framework to explore how changes in microbial exposure from human-animal interfaces shape the microbiome and, in turn, contribute to differential human health across populations, focusing on commensal and pathogen exposure, changes in colonization resistance and immune system training, and the potential for other functional shifts. Although human-animal interfaces are known to underlie human health and particularly infectious disease disparities, since their impact on the human microbiome remains woefully understudied, we propose foci for future research. We believe it will be crucial to understand this critical aspect of biology and its impacts on human health around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Kuthyar
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aspen T. Reese
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Wetzels SU, Strachan CR, Conrady B, Wagner M, Burgener IA, Virányi Z, Selberherr E. Wolves, dogs and humans in regular contact can mutually impact each other's skin microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17106. [PMID: 34429455 PMCID: PMC8385068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to humans and dogs, the skin microbiota of wolves is yet to be described. Here, we investigated the skin microbiota of dogs and wolves kept in outdoor packs at the Wolf Science Center (WSC) via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Skin swab samples were also collected from human care takers and their pet dogs. When comparing the three canine groups, representing different degrees of human contact to the care takers and each other, the pet dogs showed the highest level of diversity. Additionally, while human skin was dominated by a few abundant phylotypes, the skin microbiota of the care takers who had particularly close contact with the WSC animals was more similar to the microbiota of dogs and wolves compared to the humans who had less contact with these animals. Our results suggest that domestication may have an impact on the diversity of the skin microbiota, and that the canine skin microbiota can be shared with humans, depending on the level of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Urimare Wetzels
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cameron R Strachan
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, and Wolf Science Center, Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Arenas-Montes J, Perez-Martinez P, Vals-Delgado C, Romero-Cabrera JL, Cardelo MP, Leon-Acuña A, Quintana-Navarro GM, Alcala-Diaz JF, Lopez-Miranda J, Camargo A, Perez-Jimenez F. Owning a Pet Is Associated with Changes in the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Could Influence the Risk of Metabolic Disorders in Humans. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082347. [PMID: 34438804 PMCID: PMC8388619 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic syndrome represents a multicomponent disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired insulin sensitivity, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The etiology of metabolic syndrome is the result of a complex interaction between genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. However, the relationship between the risk of suffering metabolic syndrome and owning pets has not been sufficiently studied, although being in contact with pets has been considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease. Moreover, some evidence suggests that this protection might be due to favorable changes in the intestinal microbiota. Bearing this background in mind, in this work we hypothesized that people who live with pets harbor a different microbiota to those who do not own a pet, and this fact could reduce the risk of suffering metabolic syndrome. Abstract Pet ownership positively influences clinical outcomes in cardiovascular prevention. Additionally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been previously linked to microbiota dysbiosis. We evaluated the influence of owning a pet and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota. We analyzed the gut microbiota from 162 coronary patients from the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937) according to whether they owned pets (n = 83) or not (n = 79). The pet-owner group was further divided according to whether they owned dogs only (n = 28) or not (n = 55). A 7-item pet-owners test score was used. Patients who owned pets had less risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR = 0.462) and obesity (OR = 0.519) and were younger (p < 0.001) than patients who did not own pets. Additionally, patients who owned dogs had less risk of MetS (OR = 0.378) and obesity (OR = 0.418) and were younger (p < 0.001) than patients who did not own pets. A preponderance of the genera Serratia and Coprococcus was found in the group of owners, while the genera Ruminococcus, an unknown genus of Enterobacteriaceae and Anaerotruncus were preponderant in the group of non-owners. In patients who owned dogs, Methanobrevibacter and two more genera, Coprococcus and Oscillospira, were more common. Our study suggests that the prevalence of MetS and obesity in CVD patients is lower in pet owners, and that pet ownership could be a protective factor against MetS through the shaping of the gut microbiota. Thus, owning a pet could be considered as a protective factor against cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arenas-Montes
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vals-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Magdalena P. Cardelo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Leon-Acuña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gracia M. Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.P.-J.); Tel.: +34-957-213735 (A.C.); Fax: +34-957-012882 (F.P.-J.)
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.A.-M.); (P.P.-M.); (C.V.-D.); (J.L.R.-C.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.-A.); (G.M.Q.-N.); (J.F.A.-D.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.P.-J.); Tel.: +34-957-213735 (A.C.); Fax: +34-957-012882 (F.P.-J.)
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Nel Van Zyl K, Whitelaw AC, Hesseling AC, Seddon JA, Demers AM, Newton-Foot M. Association between clinical and environmental factors and the gut microbiota profiles in young South African children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15895. [PMID: 34354176 PMCID: PMC8342602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in the microbiota in populations over age and geographical locations complicate cross-study comparisons, and it is therefore essential to describe the baseline or control microbiota in each population. This includes the determination of the influence of demographic, clinical and environmental factors on the microbiota in a setting, and elucidates possible bias introduced by these factors, prior to further investigations. Little is known about the microbiota of children in South Africa after infancy. We provide a detailed description of the gut microbiota profiles of children from urban Cape Town and describe the influences of various clinical and environmental factors in different age groups during the first 5 years of life. Prevotella was the most common genus identified in the participants, and after infancy, the gut bacteria were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In this setting, children exposed to antibiotics and indoor cooking fires were at the most risk for dysbiosis, showing significant losses in gut bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Nel Van Zyl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Andrew C Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Microbiome Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James A Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Demers
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mae Newton-Foot
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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55
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Tun HM, Peng Y, Chen B, Konya TB, Morales-Lizcano NP, Chari R, Field CJ, Guttman DS, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Simons E, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Ethnicity Associations With Food Sensitization Are Mediated by Gut Microbiota Development in the First Year of Life. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:94-106. [PMID: 33741316 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing evidence supports the role of early-life gut microbiota in developing atopic diseases, but ecological changes to gut microbiota during infancy in relation to food sensitization remain unclear. We aimed to characterize and associate these changes with the development of food sensitization in children. METHODS In this observational study, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized the composition of 2844 fecal microbiota in 1422 Canadian full-term infants. Atopic sensitization outcomes were measured by skin prick tests at age 1 year and 3 years. The association between gut microbiota trajectories, based on longitudinal shifts in community clusters, and atopic sensitization outcomes at age 1 and 3 years were determined. Ethnicity and early-life exposures influencing microbiota trajectories were initially examined, and post-hoc analyses were conducted. RESULTS Four identified developmental trajectories of gut microbiota were shaped by birth mode and varied by ethnicity. The trajectory with persistently low Bacteroides abundance and high Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio throughout infancy increased the risk of sensitization to food allergens, particularly to peanuts at age 3 years by 3-fold (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-7.01). A much higher likelihood for peanut sensitization was found if infants with this trajectory were born to Asian mothers (adjusted OR 7.87, 95% CI 2.75-22.55). It was characterized by a deficiency in sphingolipid metabolism and persistent Clostridioides difficile colonization. Importantly, this trajectory of depleted Bacteroides abundance mediated the association between Asian ethnicity and food sensitization. CONCLUSIONS This study documented an association between persistently low gut Bacteroides abundance throughout infancy and sensitization to peanuts in childhood. It is the first to show a mediation role for infant gut microbiota in ethnicity-associated development of food sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein M Tun
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ye Peng
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore B Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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56
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Young RB, Marcelino VR, Chonwerawong M, Gulliver EL, Forster SC. Key Technologies for Progressing Discovery of Microbiome-Based Medicines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685935. [PMID: 34239510 PMCID: PMC8258393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of experimental and computational approaches are illuminating the “microbial dark matter” and uncovering the integral role of commensal microbes in human health. Through this work, it is now clear that the human microbiome presents great potential as a therapeutic target for a plethora of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity. The development of more efficacious and targeted treatments relies on identification of causal links between the microbiome and disease; with future progress dependent on effective links between state-of-the-art sequencing approaches, computational analyses and experimental assays. We argue determining causation is essential, which can be attained by generating hypotheses using multi-omic functional analyses and validating these hypotheses in complex, biologically relevant experimental models. In this review we discuss existing analysis and validation methods, and propose best-practice approaches required to enable the next phase of microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy B Young
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Marcelino
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily L Gulliver
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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57
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Timm S, Svanes C, Frydenberg M, Sigsgaard T, Holm M, Janson C, Bråbäck L, Campbell B, Kjaer Madsen M, Jõgi NO, Jõgi R, Schiöler L, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Sanchez-Ramos JL, Martinez-Moretalla J, Dratva J, Dharmage S, Schlünssen V. Does parental farm upbringing influence the risk of asthma in offspring? A three-generation study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1874-1882. [PMID: 32747948 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A farm upbringing has been associated with lower risk of asthma and methylation of asthma-related genes. As such, a farm upbringing has the potential to transfer asthma risk across generations, but this has never been investigated. We aimed to study the generational effects from a parental farm upbringing on offspring asthma. METHODS Our study involved three generations: 5759 participants from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study (born 1945-1971, denoted G1), their 9991 parents (G0) and their 8260 offspring (G2) participating in RHINESSA (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, Spain and Australia). Questionnaire data were collected on G0 and G1 from G1 in 2010 and on G2 from themselves in 2013. The parental/grandparental place of upbringing was categorized: (i) both parents from farm; (ii) mother from farm, father from village/city; (iii) father from farm, mother from village/city; (iv) both parents from village or one parent from village and one from city; (v) both parents from city (reference group). Grandparental upbringing was equivalently categorized. Offspring asthma was self-reported and data were analysed using Cox-regression models with G2 age as the time scale. RESULTS A parental farm upbringing was not associated with offspring asthma when compared with city upbringing [hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.69]. Findings remained similar when stratified by offspring upbringing and asthma phenotypes. Quantitative bias analyses showed similar estimates for alternative data sources. A grandparental farm upbringing was not associated with offspring asthma in either the maternal (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.67-1.65) or paternal line (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.62-1.68). CONCLUSIONS This multigenerational analysis suggests no evidence of an association between parental/grandparental farm upbringing and offspring asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Timm
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Frydenberg
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Brittany Campbell
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Kjaer Madsen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils Oskar Jõgi
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Tartu University Hospital, Lung Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Julia Dratva
- ZHAW School of Health Professions, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Composition and Associations of the Infant Gut Fungal Microbiota with Environmental Factors and Childhood Allergic Outcomes. mBio 2021; 12:e0339620. [PMID: 34060330 PMCID: PMC8263004 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03396-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often neglected in gut microbiota studies, recent evidence suggests that imbalanced, or dysbiotic, gut mycobiota (fungal microbiota) communities in infancy coassociate with states of bacterial dysbiosis linked to inflammatory diseases such as asthma. In the present study, we (i) characterized the infant gut mycobiota at 3 months and 1 year of age in 343 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study, (ii) defined associations among gut mycobiota community composition and environmental factors for the development of inhalant allergic sensitization (atopy) at age 5 years, and (iii) built a predictive model for inhalant atopy status at age 5 years using these data. We show that in Canadian infants, fungal communities shift dramatically in composition over the first year of life. Early-life environmental factors known to affect gut bacterial communities were also associated with differences in gut fungal community alpha diversity, beta diversity, and/or the relative abundance of specific fungal taxa. Moreover, these metrics differed among healthy infants and those who developed inhalant allergic sensitization (atopy) by age 5 years. Using a rationally selected set of early-life environmental factors in combination with fungal community composition at 1 year of age, we developed a machine learning logistic regression model that predicted inhalant atopy status at 5 years of age with 81% accuracy. Together, these data suggest an important role for the infant gut mycobiota in early-life immune development and indicate that early-life behavioral or therapeutic interventions have the potential to modify infant gut fungal communities, with implications for an infant's long-term health. IMPORTANCE Recent evidence suggests an immunomodulatory role for commensal fungi (mycobiota) in the gut, yet little is known about the composition and dynamics of early-life gut fungal communities. In this work, we show for the first time that the composition of the gut mycobiota of Canadian infants changes dramatically over the course of the first year of life, is associated with environmental factors such as geographical location, diet, and season of birth, and can be used in conjunction with knowledge of a small number of key early-life factors to predict inhalant atopy status at age 5 years. Our study highlights the importance of considering fungal communities as indicators or inciters of immune dysfunction preceding the onset of allergic disease and can serve as a benchmark for future studies aiming to examine infant gut fungal communities across birth cohorts.
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Dalton KR, Ruble K, Redding LE, Morris DO, Mueller NT, Thorpe RJ, Agnew J, Carroll KC, Planet PJ, Rubenstein RC, Chen AR, Grice EA, Davis MF. Microbial Sharing between Pediatric Patients and Therapy Dogs during Hospital Animal-Assisted Intervention Programs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1054. [PMID: 34068292 PMCID: PMC8153335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial sharing between humans and animals has been demonstrated in a variety of settings. However, the extent of microbial sharing that occurs within the healthcare setting during animal-assisted intervention programs is unknown. Understanding microbial transmission between patients and therapy dogs can provide important insights into potential health benefits for patients, in addition to addressing concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission that limits program utilization. This study evaluated for potential microbial sharing between pediatric patients and therapy dogs and tested whether patient-dog contact level and a dog decolonization protocol modified this sharing. Patients, therapy dogs, and the hospital environment were sampled before and after every group therapy session and samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Both patients and dogs experienced changes in the relative abundance and overall diversity of their nasal microbiome, suggesting that the exchange of microorganisms had occurred. Increased contact was associated with greater sharing between patients and therapy dogs, as well as between patients. A topical chlorhexidine-based dog decolonization was associated with decreased microbial sharing between therapy dogs and patients but did not significantly affect sharing between patients. These data suggest that the therapy dog is both a potential source of and a vehicle for the transfer of microorganisms to patients but not necessarily the only source. The relative contribution of other potential sources (e.g., other patients, the hospital environment) should be further explored to determine their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Dalton
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Kathy Ruble
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Laurel E. Redding
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA;
| | - Daniel O. Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Jacqueline Agnew
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Karen C. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Paul J. Planet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ronald C. Rubenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Allen R. Chen
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Kaczmarczyk M, Löber U, Adamek K, Węgrzyn D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Malinowski D, Łoniewski I, Markó L, Ulas T, Forslund SK, Łoniewska B. The gut microbiota is associated with the small intestinal paracellular permeability and the development of the immune system in healthy children during the first two years of life. J Transl Med 2021; 19:177. [PMID: 33910577 PMCID: PMC8082808 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier plays an important role in the defense against infections, and nutritional, endocrine, and immune functions. The gut microbiota playing an important role in development of the gastrointestinal tract can impact intestinal permeability and immunity during early life, but data concerning this problem are scarce. METHODS We analyzed the microbiota in fecal samples (101 samples in total) collected longitudinally over 24 months from 21 newborns to investigate whether the markers of small intestinal paracellular permeability (zonulin) and immune system development (calprotectin) are linked to the gut microbiota. The results were validated using data from an independent cohort that included the calprotectin and gut microbiota in children during the first year of life. RESULTS Zonulin levels tended to increase for up to 6 months after childbirth and stabilize thereafter remaining at a high level while calprotectin concentration was high after childbirth and began to decline from 6 months of life. The gut microbiota composition and the related metabolic potentials changed during the first 2 years of life and were correlated with zonulin and calprotectin levels. Faecal calprotectin correlated inversely with alpha diversity (Shannon index, r = - 0.30, FDR P (Q) = 0.039). It also correlated with seven taxa; i.a. negatively with Ruminococcaceae (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.046), and Clostridiales (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.048) and positively with Staphylococcus (r = 0.38, Q = 0.023) and Staphylococcaceae (r = 0.35, Q = 0.04), whereas zonulin correlated with 19 taxa; i.a. with Bacillales (r = - 0.52, Q = 0.0004), Clostridiales (r = 0.48, Q = 0.001) and the Ruminococcus (torques group) (r = 0.40, Q = 0.026). When time intervals were considered only changes in abundance of the Ruminococcus (torques group) were associated with changes in calprotectin (β = 2.94, SE = 0.8, Q = 0.015). The dynamics of stool calprotectin was negatively associated with changes in two MetaCyc pathways: pyruvate fermentation to butanoate (β = - 4.54, SE = 1.08, Q = 0.028) and Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation (β = - 4.48, SE = 1.16, Q = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The small intestinal paracellular permeability, immune system-related markers and gut microbiota change dynamically during the first 2 years of life. The Ruminococcus (torques group) seems to be especially involved in controlling paracellular permeability. Staphylococcus, Staphylococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales, may be potential biomarkers of the immune system. Despite observed correlations their clear causation and health consequences were not proven. Mechanistic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Węgrzyn
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Han P, Gu JQ, Li LS, Wang XY, Wang HT, Wang Y, Chang C, Sun JL. The Association Between Intestinal Bacteria and Allergic Diseases-Cause or Consequence? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:650893. [PMID: 33937097 PMCID: PMC8083053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.650893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disorders has been increasing over the past few decades, especially in industrialized countries. Allergies can affect people of any age. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, and the response to medication is very variable. For some patients, avoidance is the sole effective therapy, and only when the triggers are identifiable. In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a significant contributor to the development of allergic diseases. However, the precise mechanisms related to the effects of the microbiome on the pathogenesis of allergic diseases are unknown. This review summarizes the recent association between allergic disorders and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, describes the function of gut microbes in allergic disease development from both preclinical and clinical studies, discusses the factors that influence gut microbial diversity and advanced techniques used in microbial analysis. Ultimately, more studies are required to define the host-microbial relationship relevant to allergic disorders and amenable to new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qing Gu
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tian Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - Jin-Lyu Sun
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Farrer AG, Wright SL, Skelly E, Eisenhofer R, Dobney K, Weyrich LS. Effectiveness of decontamination protocols when analyzing ancient DNA preserved in dental calculus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7456. [PMID: 33811235 PMCID: PMC8018977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ancient DNA analysis of human oral microbial communities within calcified dental plaque (calculus) has revealed key insights into human health, paleodemography, and cultural behaviors. However, contamination imposes a major concern for paleomicrobiological samples due to their low endogenous DNA content and exposure to environmental sources, calling into question some published results. Decontamination protocols (e.g. an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pre-digestion or ultraviolet radiation (UV) and 5% sodium hypochlorite immersion treatments) aim to minimize the exogenous content of the outer surface of ancient calculus samples prior to DNA extraction. While these protocols are widely used, no one has systematically compared them in ancient dental calculus. Here, we compare untreated dental calculus samples to samples from the same site treated with four previously published decontamination protocols: a UV only treatment; a 5% sodium hypochlorite immersion treatment; a pre-digestion in EDTA treatment; and a combined UV irradiation and 5% sodium hypochlorite immersion treatment. We examine their efficacy in ancient oral microbiota recovery by applying 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing, identifying ancient oral microbiota, as well as soil and skin contaminant species. Overall, the EDTA pre-digestion and a combined UV irradiation and 5% sodium hypochlorite immersion treatment were both effective at reducing the proportion of environmental taxa and increasing oral taxa in comparison to untreated samples. This research highlights the importance of using decontamination procedures during ancient DNA analysis of dental calculus to reduce contaminant DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Farrer
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Sterling L. Wright
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281The Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Emily Skelly
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Raphael Eisenhofer
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Keith Dobney
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDepartment of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Laura S. Weyrich
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281The Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281The Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Lison D, Ambroise J, Leinardi R, Ibouraadaten S, Yakoub Y, Deumer G, Haufroid V, Paquot A, Muccioli GG, van den Brûle S. Systemic effects and impact on the gut microbiota upon subacute oral exposure to silver acetate in rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1251-1266. [PMID: 33779765 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The addition of silver (Ag) to food items, and its migration from food packaging and appliances results in a dietary exposure in humans, estimated to 70-90 µg Ag/day. In view of the well-known bactericidal activity of Ag ions, concerns arise about a possible impact of dietary Ag on the gut microbiota (GM), which is a master determinant of human health and diseases. Repeated oral administration of Ag acetate (AgAc) can also cause systemic toxicity in rats with reported NOAELs of 4 mg AgAc/b.w./d for impaired fertility and 0.4 mg AgAc/b.w./d for developmental toxicity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether oral exposure to AgAc can induce GM alterations at doses causing reproductive toxicity in rats. METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were exposed during 10 weeks to AgAc incorporated into food (0, 0.4, 4 or 40 mg/kg b.w./d), and we analyzed the composition of the GM (α- and β-diversity). We documented bacterial function by measuring short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in cecal content. Ferroxidase activity, a biomarker of systemic Ag toxicity, was measured in serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS From 4 mg/kg b.w./d onwards, we recorded systemic toxicity, as indicated by the reduction of serum ferroxidase activity, as well as serum Cu and Se concentrations. This systemic toxic response to AgAc might contribute to explain reprotoxic manifestations. We observed a dose-dependent modification of the GM composition in male rats exposed to AgAc. No impact of AgAc exposure on the production of bacterial SCFA was recorded. The limited GM changes recorded in this study do not appear related to a reprotoxicity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gladys Deumer
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brûle
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Raspini B, Vacca M, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Calabrese FM, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, De Angelis M, Cena H. Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:590202. [PMID: 33842380 PMCID: PMC8032992 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early life gut microbiota is involved in several biological processes, particularly metabolism, immunity, and cognitive neurodevelopment. Perturbation in the infant’s gut microbiota increases the risk for diseases in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding the connections between perinatal factors with early life microbial composition. The present research paper is aimed at exploring the prenatal and postnatal factors influencing the infant gut microbiota composition at six months of age. Methods Gut microbiota of infants enrolled in the longitudinal, prospective, observational study “A.MA.MI” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) was analyzed. We collected and analyzed 61 fecal samples at baseline (meconium, T0); at six months of age (T2), we collected and analyzed 53 fecal samples. Samples were grouped based on maternal and gestational weight factors, type of delivery, type of feeding, time of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Alpha and beta diversities were evaluated to describe microbiota composition. Multivariate analyses were performed to understand the impact of the aforementioned factors on the infant’s microbiota composition at six months of age. Results Different clustering hypotheses have been tested to evaluate the impact of known metadata factors on the infant microbiota. Neither maternal body mass index nor gestational weight gain was able to determine significant differences in infant microbiota composition six months of age. Concerning the type of feeding, we observed a low alpha diversity in exclusive breastfed infants; conversely, non-exclusively breastfed infants reported an overgrowth of Ruminococcaceae and Flavonifractor. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant difference resulting from an early introduction of solid foods (before 4 months of age). Lastly, our sample showed a higher abundance of clostridial patterns in firstborn babies when compared to infants with older siblings in the family. Conclusion Our findings showed that, at this stage of life, there is not a single factor able to affect in a distinct way the infants’ gut microbiota development. Rather, there seems to be a complex multifactorial interaction between maternal and neonatal factors determining a unique microbial niche in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Raspini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Porri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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The Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Children Is Modifiable by the Household Dogs: Impact of a Canine-Specific Probiotic. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030557. [PMID: 33800493 PMCID: PMC8001081 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the infant gut microbiota is initiated during pregnancy and continued through early life and childhood, guided by the immediate environment of the child. Our aim was to characterize the shared microbiota between dogs and children as well as to determine whether introduction to dogs of a dog-specific probiotic combination modifies the transfer process. We studied 31 children from allergic families with pet dog(s) and 18 control families without a dog. Altogether 37 dogs were randomized for a 4-week period in a double-blind design to receive canine-derived probiotic product containing a mixture of L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, or placebo. Fecal samples from children and dogs were taken before and after the treatment. Distinctive gut microbiota composition was observed in children with dogs compared to those without a dog, characterized by higher abundance of Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. Probiotic intervention in dogs had an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota in both dogs and children, characterized by a reduction in Bacteroides. We provide evidence for a direct effect of home environment and household pets on children microbiota and document that modification of dog microbiota by specific probiotics is reflected in children's microbiota.
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Laursen MF, Bahl MI, Licht TR. Settlers of our inner surface - Factors shaping the gut microbiota from birth to toddlerhood. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6081092. [PMID: 33428723 PMCID: PMC8371275 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first 3 years of life, the microbial ecosystem within the human gut undergoes a process that is unlike what happens in this ecosystem at any other time of our life. This period in time is considered a highly important developmental window, where the gut microbiota is much less resilient and much more responsive to external and environmental factors than seen in the adult gut. While advanced bioinformatics and clinical correlation studies have received extensive focus within studies of the human microbiome, basic microbial growth physiology has attracted much less attention, although it plays a pivotal role to understand the developing gut microbiota during early life. In this review, we will thus take a microbial ecology perspective on the analysis of factors that influence the temporal development of the infant gut microbiota. Such factors include sources of microbes that seed the intestinal environment, physico-chemical (abiotic) conditions influencing microbial growth and the availability of nutrients needed by the intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
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Grech A, Collins CE, Holmes A, Lal R, Duncanson K, Taylor R, Gordon A. Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-30. [PMID: 33978558 PMCID: PMC8276657 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life, including the establishment of the intestinal microbiome, represents a critical window of growth and development. Postnatal factors affecting the microbiome, including mode of delivery, feeding type, and antibiotic exposure have been widely investigated, but questions remain regarding the influence of exposures in utero on infant gut microbiome assembly. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on exposures before birth, which affect the early intestinal microbiome. Five databases were searched in August 2019 for studies exploring pre-pregnancy or pregnancy 'exposure' data in relation to the infant microbiome. Of 1,441 publications identified, 76 were included. Factors reported influencing microbiome composition and diversity included maternal antibiotic and probiotic uses, dietary intake, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), diabetes, mood, and others. Eleven studies contributed to three meta-analyses quantifying associations between maternal intrapartum antibiotic exposure (IAP), BMI and GWG, and infant microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon Index). IAP, maternal overweight/obesity and excessive GWG were all associated with reduced diversity. Most studies were observational, few included early recruitment or longitudinal follow-up, and the timing, frequency, and methodologies related to stool sampling and analysis were variable. Standardization and collaboration are imperative to enhance understanding in this complex and rapidly evolving area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Grech
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravin Lal
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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68
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Ronan V, Yeasin R, Claud EC. Childhood Development and the Microbiome-The Intestinal Microbiota in Maintenance of Health and Development of Disease During Childhood Development. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:495-506. [PMID: 33307032 PMCID: PMC8714606 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the intestinal microbiome affects health from the prenatal period throughout childhood, and many diseases have been associated with dysbiosis. The gut microbiome is constantly changing, from birth throughout adulthood, and several variables affect its development and content. Features of the intestinal microbiota can affect development of the brain, immune system, and lungs, as well as body growth. We review the development of the gut microbiome, proponents of dysbiosis, and interactions of the microbiota with other organs. The gut microbiome should be thought of as an organ system that has important effects on childhood development. Dysbiosis has been associated with diseases in children and adults, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, asthma, and allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ronan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rummanu Yeasin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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69
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Infant Skin Bacterial Communities Vary by Skin Site and Infant Age across Populations in Mexico and the United States. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e00834-20. [PMID: 33144313 PMCID: PMC7646528 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00834-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study contributes to the sparse literature on the infant skin microbiome in general, and the virtually nonexistent literature on the infant skin microbiome in a field setting. While microbiome research often addresses patterns at a national scale, this study addresses the influence of population-level factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status and contact with caregivers, on infant skin bacterial communities. This approach strengthens our understanding of how local variables influence the infant skin microbiome, and paves the way for additional studies to combine biological sample collection with questionnaires to adequately capture how specific behaviors dictate infant microbial exposures. Work in this realm has implications for infant care and health, as well as for investigating how the microbial communities of different body sites develop over time, with applications to specific health outcomes associated with the skin microbiome (e.g., immune system development or atopic dermatitis). Daily practices put humans in close contact with the surrounding environment, and differences in these practices have an impact on human physiology, development, and health. There is mounting evidence that the microbiome represents an interface that mediates interactions between the human body and the environment. In particular, the skin microbiome serves as the primary interface with the external environment and aids in host immune function by contributing as the first line of defense against pathogens. Despite these important connections, we have only a basic understanding of how the skin microbiome is first established, or which environmental factors contribute to its development. To this end, this study compared the skin bacterial communities of infants (n = 47) living in four populations in Mexico and the United States that span the socioeconomic gradient, where we predicted that variation in physical and social environments would shape the infant skin microbiome. Results of 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing on 119 samples (armpit, hand, and forehead) showed that infant skin bacterial diversity and composition are shaped by population-level factors, including those related to socioeconomic status and household composition, and vary by skin site and infant age. Differences in infant-environment interactions, including with other people, appear to vary across the populations, likely influencing infant microbial exposures and, in turn, the composition of infant skin bacterial communities. These findings suggest that variation in microbial exposures stemming from the local environment in infancy can impact the establishment of the skin microbiome across body sites, with implications for developmental and health outcomes. IMPORTANCE This study contributes to the sparse literature on the infant skin microbiome in general, and the virtually nonexistent literature on the infant skin microbiome in a field setting. While microbiome research often addresses patterns at a national scale, this study addresses the influence of population-level factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status and contact with caregivers, on infant skin bacterial communities. This approach strengthens our understanding of how local variables influence the infant skin microbiome, and paves the way for additional studies to combine biological sample collection with questionnaires to adequately capture how specific behaviors dictate infant microbial exposures. Work in this realm has implications for infant care and health, as well as for investigating how the microbial communities of different body sites develop over time, with applications to specific health outcomes associated with the skin microbiome (e.g., immune system development or atopic dermatitis).
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70
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Abbasi A, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L. Probiotic intervention as a potential therapeutic for managing gestational disorders and improving pregnancy outcomes. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 143:103244. [PMID: 33186834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular investigations have significantly developed our knowledge of the characteristics of the reproductive microbiome and their associations with host responses to provide an ideal milieu for the development of the embryo during the peri-implantation period and throughout pregnancy as well as to provide a successful in vitro fertilization and appropriate reproductive outcomes. In this context, the establishment of microbial homeostasis in the female reproductive tract, in various physiological periods, is a substantial challenge, which appears the application of probiotics can facilitate the achievement of this goal. So that, currently, probiotics due to its safe and natural features can be considered as a novel biotherapeutic approach. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the bacterial, fungal, and viral diversity detected in the reproductive tract, and their associations with the establishment of dysbiosis/eubiosis conditions as well as we present the significant outcomes on probiotic intervention as an efficient biotherapeutic strategy for management of gestational disorders and improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Prenatal stress increases IgA coating of offspring microbiota and exacerbates necrotizing enterocolitis-like injury in a sex-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:291-299. [PMID: 32688025 PMCID: PMC7919389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects almost exclusively premature infants. Breast milk feeding is known to substantially lower NEC incidence, and specific components of breast milk, such as immunoglobulin (Ig) A, have been identified as mediating this protective effect. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests dysbiosis of the neonatal intestinal microbiome contributes to NEC pathogenesis. In mice, neonates can inherit a dysbiotic microbiome from dams that experience stress during pregnancy. Here we show that while prenatal stress lowers fecal IgA levels in pregnant mice, it does not result in lower levels of IgA in the breast milk. Nevertheless, coating of female, but not male, offspring microbiota by IgA is increased by prenatal stress. Accordingly, prenatal stress was found to alter the bacterial community composition in female neonates but not male neonates. Furthermore, female, but not male, offspring of prenatally stressed mothers exhibited more severe colonic tissue damage in a NEC-like injury model compared to offspring with non-stressed mothers. Our results point to prenatal stress as a possible novel risk factor for NEC and potentially reveal new avenues in NEC prevention and therapy.
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72
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Łoś-Rycharska E, Gołębiewski M, Grzybowski T, Rogalla-Ładniak U, Krogulska A. The microbiome and its impact on food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:641-650. [PMID: 33240001 PMCID: PMC7675070 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.90120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) affects 4-10% of children, especially children with atopic dermatitis (AD). During infancy the gut microbiome may determine both the course of FA and tolerance to food allergens. Analogically, the skin microbiome changes in the course of AD. Most studies have associated FA with a lower abundance and diversity of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales, but greater numbers of Enterobacterales, while AD in children has been associated with lower numbers of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. hominis but an abundance of S. aureus and Streptococcus species. An understanding of the impact of the microbiome on the clinical course of FA and AD may allow for the development of new models of allergy treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łoś-Rycharska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Chair of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Rogalla-Ładniak
- Chair of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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Comparing the nasal bacterial microbiome diversity of allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and control subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:711-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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AKAGAWA S, AKAGAWA Y, YAMANOUCHI S, KIMATA T, TSUJI S, KANEKO K. Development of the gut microbiota and dysbiosis in children. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:12-18. [PMID: 33520564 PMCID: PMC7817514 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota resides in the human gastrointestinal tract, where it plays an important role in maintaining host health. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing methods have revealed the link between dysbiosis (imbalance of the normal gut microbiota) and several diseases, as this imbalance can disrupt the symbiotic relationship between the host and associated microbes. Establishment of the gut microbiota starts in utero or just after birth, and its composition dramatically changes to an adult-like composition by 3 years of age. Because dysbiosis during childhood may persist through adulthood, it is crucial to acquire a balanced gut microbiota in childhood. Therefore, current studies have focused on the factors affecting the infant gut microbiota. This review discusses recent findings, including those from our studies, on how various factors, including the delivery mode, feeding type, and administration of drugs, including antibiotics, can influence the infant gut microbiota. Here, we also address future approaches for the prevention and restoration of dysbiosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei AKAGAWA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuko AKAGAWA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sohsaku YAMANOUCHI
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takahisa KIMATA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shoji TSUJI
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazunari KANEKO
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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75
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Season of Birth Impacts the Neonatal Nasopharyngeal Microbiota. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7050045. [PMID: 32403236 PMCID: PMC7278723 DOI: 10.3390/children7050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pathogenic airway bacteria colonizing the neonatal airway increase the risk of childhood asthma, but little is known about the determinants of the establishment and dynamics of the airway microbiota in early life. We studied associations between perinatal risk factors and bacterial richness of the commensal milieu in the neonatal respiratory tract. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-eight children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in the Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) at-risk birth cohort were included in this study. The bacterial richness in each of the nasopharynxes of the 1-month old, asymptomatic neonates was analyzed by use of a culture-independent technique (T-RFLP). Information on perinatal risk factors included predisposition to asthma, allergy and eczema; social status of family; maternal exposures during pregnancy; mode of delivery; and postnatal exposures. The risk factor analysis was done by conventional statistics and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Results: The nasopharyngeal bacterial community at 1-month displayed an average of 35 (IQR: 14-55, range 1-161) phylogenetically different bacteria groups. Season of birth was associated with nasopharyngeal bacterial richness at 1-month of age with a higher bacterial richness (p = 0.003) and more abundant specific bacterial profiles representing Gram-negative alpha-proteobacteria and Gram-positive Bacilli in the nasopharynx of summer-born children. Conclusion: Early postnatal bacterial colonization of the upper airways is significantly affected by birth season, emphasizing a future focus on the seasonality aspect in modelling the impact of early dynamic changes in airway bacterial communities in relation to later disease development.
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76
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Liu X, Tao J, Li J, Cao X, Li Y, Gao X, Fu Y. Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 34:650-660. [PMID: 32340468 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420920477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune system and may be closely connected to the development of allergic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota composition in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR) patients as compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods We collected stool samples from 93 AR patients and 72 age- and sex-matched HCs. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using QIIME targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), analysis of QIIME, and statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles, among other tests. Results Compared with HCs, AR patients had significantly lower gut-microbiota α-diversity ( P < .001). The gut microbiota composition significantly differed between the 2 study groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher while those of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were lower in the AR group than in the HC group ( P < .001, q < 0.001). At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides ( P < .001, q < 0.001) had significantly higher relative abundances in the AR group than in the HC group. LefSe analysis indicated that Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Dialister were potential biomarkers for AR. In addition, predictive metagenome functional analysis showed that pyruvate, porphyrin, chlorophyll, purine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis significantly differed between the AR and HC groups. Conclusion A comparison of the gut microbiota of AR patients and HCs suggested that dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota is involved in the development of AR. The present results may reveal key differences and identify targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Parajuli A, Hui N, Puhakka R, Oikarinen S, Grönroos M, Selonen VAO, Siter N, Kramna L, Roslund MI, Vari HK, Nurminen N, Honkanen H, Hintikka J, Sarkkinen H, Romantschuk M, Kauppi M, Valve R, Cinek O, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Yard vegetation is associated with gut microbiota composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136707. [PMID: 32019041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes play an essential role in the development and functioning of the human immune system. A disturbed gut microbiota composition is often associated with a number of health disorders including immune-mediated diseases. Differences in host characteristics such as ethnicity, living habit and diet have been used to explain differences in the gut microbiota composition in inter-continental comparison studies. As our previous studies imply that daily skin contact with organic gardening materials modify gut microflora, here we investigated the association between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous western population along an urban-rural gradient. We obtained stool samples from 48 native elderly Finns in province Häme in August and November 2015 and identified the bacterial phylotypes using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We assumed that yard vegetation and land cover classes surrounding homes explain the stool bacterial community in generalized linear mixed models. Diverse yard vegetation was associated with a reduced abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto and an increased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Prevotellaceae. The abundance of Bacteroides was positively and strongly associated with the built environment. Exclusion of animal owners did not alter the main associations. These results suggest that diverse vegetation around homes is associated with health-related changes in gut microbiota composition. Manipulation of the garden diversity, possibly jointly with urban planning, is a promising candidate for future intervention studies that aim to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ville A O Selonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lenka Kramna
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Honkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Martin Romantschuk
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Raisa Valve
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland.
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Senn E, Symeonides C, Vuillermin P, Ponsonby AL. Early life microbial exposure, child neurocognition and behaviour at 2 years of age: A birth cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:590-599. [PMID: 31782587 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between factors which influence external microbial exposures (FEMEs), previously identified to be protective or to increase the risk of the development of allergic disease, and cognition and behaviour in infants 2 years of age in an Australian population. METHOD The Barwon Infant Study is a birth cohort (n = 1074) in Victoria, Australia. Comprehensive questionnaire, clinical and biological measures were collected at multiple time oints. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between 56 FEMEs and 3 outcomes; cognition (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BAYLEY-III)) (n = 667, mean (standard deviation) age = 2.45 (0.14) years), internalising and externalising behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist) (n = 666, mean (standard deviation) age = 2.45 (0.14) years). RESULTS Overall, there were no consistent patterns or dose response found within an outcome nor across all three outcomes, although there was some evidence for individual associations. Breastfeeding and child care were associated with higher cognitive scores (adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) = 3.20 (0.23-6.17) and 0.68 (0.12-1.24), respectively), and increasing sibling number was associated with lower internalising behaviour (adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) = -4.13 (-6.34, -1.91)). CONCLUSION In contrast to allergic disease, there was an absence of epidemiological evidence to support the association between these FEMEs and cognition and behaviour. Direct investigations into the relationship between exposures which influence gut-microbial composition and cognition and behaviour are now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Senn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit at Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit at Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Health, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Discovery, The Florey Research Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
The school is a complex microenvironment of indoor allergens, pollutants, and other exposures. The school represents an occupational model for children and exposures in this environment have a significant health effect. Current research establishes an association between school exposure and asthma morbidity in children. This review will focus on common school environmental exposures (cockroach, rodents, cat, dog, classroom pets, dust mite, fungus, and pollution) and their impact on children with allergies and asthma. Understanding and evaluation of school-based environments is needed to help guide school-based interventions. School-based interventions have the potential for substantial benefit to the individual, school, community, and public health. However, there is a paucity data on school-based environmental interventions and health outcomes. The studies performed to date are small and cross-sectional with no control for home exposures. Randomized controlled school-based environmental intervention trials are needed to assess health outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. The School Inner-City Asthma Intervention Study (SICAS 2), a NIH/NIAID randomized controlled clinical trial using environmental interventions modeled from successful home-based interventions, is currently underway with health outcome results pending. If efficacious, these interventions could potentially help further guide school-based interventions potentially with policy implications. In the meanwhile, the allergist/immunologist can continue to play a vital role in improving the quality of life in children with allergies and asthma at school through the use of the ADA policy and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act as well as encouraging adoption of toolkits to build successful school-based asthma programs and asthma-friendly schools.
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80
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Abstract
Investigation of gut microbiome composition and diversity with respect to human personality. Analyses targeted bacterial genera linked to behaviour in animal and human psychiatric studies. Bacterial genera were modelled (using negative binomial regression) with respect to personality. Genera linked to autism are also related to social behaviour in the general population. Sociability is associated with higher diversity, and anxiety and stress with reduced diversity.
The gut microbiome has a measurable impact on the brain, influencing stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms and social behaviour. This microbiome–gut–brain axis may be mediated by various mechanisms including neural, immune and endocrine signalling. To date, the majority of research has been conducted in animal models, while the limited number of human studies has focused on psychiatric conditions. Here the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome is investigated with respect to human personality. Using regression models to control for possible confounding factors, the abundances of specific bacterial genera are shown to be significantly predicted by personality traits. Diversity analyses of the gut microbiome reveal that people with larger social networks tend to have a more diverse microbiome, suggesting that social interactions may shape the microbial community of the human gut. In contrast, anxiety and stress are linked to reduced diversity and an altered microbiome composition. Together, these results add a new dimension to our understanding of personality and reveal that the microbiome–gut–brain axis may also be relevant to behavioural variation in the general population as well as to cases of psychiatric disorders.
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81
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Kortekangas E, Kamng'ona AW, Fan Y, Cheung YB, Ashorn U, Matchado A, Poelman B, Maleta K, Dewey KG, Ashorn P. Environmental exposures and child and maternal gut microbiota in rural Malawi. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:161-170. [PMID: 32011017 PMCID: PMC7154550 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota composition is associated with child health, but the effect of the environment on microbiota composition is not well understood. Few studies have been conducted in low-income settings where childhood malnutrition is common and possibly related to microbiota composition. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether gut microbiota composition in young children and their mothers is associated with different environmental exposures in rural Malawi. We hypothesized that more adverse environmental exposures would be associated with lower levels of microbiota maturity and diversity. METHODS Faecal samples from up to 631 children and mothers participating in a nutrition intervention trial were collected at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 30 months (children) and at 1 month (mothers) after birth and analysed for microbiota composition with 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial OTU and genus abundances, measures of microbiota maturity and diversity, and UniFrac distances were compared between participants with different environmental exposures. The exposure variables included socio-economic status, water source, sanitary facility, domestic animals, maternal characteristics, season, antibiotic use, and delivery mode. RESULTS Measures of microbiota maturity and diversity in children were inversely associated with maternal education at 6, 18, and 30 months and did not otherwise differ consistently between participants with different environmental exposures. Phylogenetic distance was related to season of stool sample collection at all time points. At the level of individual OTUs and genera, season of stool sample collection, type of water source, and maternal education showed most associations with child gut microbiota, while HIV status was the most important predictor of relative OTU and genus abundances in mothers. CONCLUSION The results do not support the hypothesis that adverse environmental exposures are broadly associated with lower microbiota maturity and diversity but suggest that environmental exposures influence the abundance of several bacterial OTUs and genera and that low maternal education is associated with higher microbiota maturity and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child Health ResearchFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Arox W. Kamng'ona
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of MalawiBlantyreMalawi,Program in International and Community NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Yue‐Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health ResearchFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Program in Health Services & Systems Research and Centre for Quantitative MedicineDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health ResearchFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Andrew Matchado
- Program in International and Community NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA,School of Public Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Malawi College of MedicineBlantyreMalawi
| | - Basho Poelman
- Center for Child Health ResearchFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Malawi College of MedicineBlantyreMalawi
| | | | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health ResearchFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland,Department of PaediatricsTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
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82
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Kates AE, Jarrett O, Skarlupka JH, Sethi A, Duster M, Watson L, Suen G, Poulsen K, Safdar N. Household Pet Ownership and the Microbial Diversity of the Human Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:73. [PMID: 32185142 PMCID: PMC7058978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has a great deal of interpersonal variation due to both endogenous and exogenous factors, like household pet exposure. To examine the relationship between having a pet in the home and the composition and diversity of the adult gut microbiome, we conducted a case-control study nested in a larger, statewide study, the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. Stool samples were collected from 332 participants from unique households and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. One hundred and seventy-eight participants had some type of pet in the home with dogs and cats being the most prevalent. We observed no difference in alpha and beta diversity between those with and without pets, though seven OTUs were significantly more abundant in those without pets compared to those with pets, and four were significantly more abundant in those with pets. When stratifying by age, seven of these remained significant. These results suggest that pet ownership is associated with differences in the human gut microbiota. Further research is needed to better characterize the effect of pet ownership on the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Kates
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Omar Jarrett
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph H. Skarlupka
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ajay Sethi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan Duster
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lauren Watson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keith Poulsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Grembi JA, Nguyen LH, Haggerty TD, Gardner CD, Holmes SP, Parsonnet J. Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1405. [PMID: 31996717 PMCID: PMC6989501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets can both lead to weight-loss, a substantial variability in achieved long-term outcomes exists among obese but otherwise healthy adults. We examined the hypothesis that structural differences in the gut microbiota explain a portion of variability in weight-loss using two cohorts of obese adults enrolled in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study. A total of 161 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced from a discovery cohort (n = 66) and 106 from a validation cohort (n = 56). An additional 157 fecal samples were sequenced from the discovery cohort after 10 weeks of dietary intervention. We found no specific bacterial signatures associated with weight loss that were consistent across both cohorts. However, the gut microbiota plasticity (i.e. variability), was correlated with long-term (12-month) weight loss in a diet-dependent manner; on the low-fat diet subjects with higher pre-diet daily plasticity had higher sustained weight loss, whereas on the low-carbohydrate diet those with higher plasticity over 10 weeks of dieting had higher 12-month weight loss. Our findings suggest the potential importance of gut microbiota plasticity for sustained weight-loss. We highlight the advantages of evaluating kinetic trends and assessing reproducibility in studies of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Grembi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive E250 Clark Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
| | - Lan H Nguyen
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, 475 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Thomas D Haggerty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, 390 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Ln, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
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Smith AL, Paul E, McGee D, Sinniah R, Flom E, Jackson-Humbles D, Harkema J, Racicot KE. Chronic, Elevated Maternal Corticosterone During Pregnancy in the Mouse Increases Allergic Airway Inflammation in Offspring. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3134. [PMID: 32038643 PMCID: PMC6985541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder fundamentally linked to immune dysfunction. Since the immune system begins developing in utero, prenatal exposures can affect immune programming and increase risk for diseases such as allergic asthma. Chronic psychosocial stress during pregnancy is one such risk factor, having been associated with increased risk for atopic diseases including allergic asthma in children. To begin to define the underlying causes of the association between maternal stress and allergic airway inflammation in offspring, we developed a mouse model of chronic heightened stress hormone during pregnancy. Continuous oral administration of corticosterone (CORT) to pregnant mice throughout the second half of pregnancy resulted in an ~2-fold increase in circulating hormone in dams with no concomitant increase in fetal circulation, similar to the human condition. To determine how prolonged heightened stress hormone affected allergic immunity in offspring, we induced allergic asthma with house dust mite (HDM) and examined the airway immune response to allergen. Female mice responded to HDM more frequently and had a more robust immune cell response compared to their male counterparts, irrespective of maternal treatment. Male offspring from CORT-treated dams had a greater number of inflammatory cells in the lung in response to HDM compared to males from control dams, while maternal treatment did not affect immune cell numbers in females. Alternatively, maternal CORT caused enhanced goblet cell hyperplasia in female offspring following HDM, an effect that was not observed in male offspring. In summary, prenatal exposure to mild, prolonged heightened stress hormone had sexually dimorphic effects on allergic inflammation in airways of adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Emmanuel Paul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Devin McGee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Ranuka Sinniah
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Emily Flom
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Devan Jackson-Humbles
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jack Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Karen E Racicot
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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85
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Fan Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Yan J, Li M, Dong W, Li W. High levels of fucosylation and sialylation of milk N-glycans from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus alter the offspring gut microbiome and immune balance in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:3715-3731. [PMID: 31944389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901674r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is significantly associated with allergen sensitization in early childhood, and this may influence the gut microbiome and immune system of the children. In addition to mother-to-child transmission of microbes, milk glycans play a pivotal role in shaping the gut microbiome of infants. A previous study has demonstrated alterations in the major milk N-glycans of mothers with GDM. However, the impact of these changes on the gut microbiome and immune response of the neonates has yet to be studied. Here, we aimed to compare the glycosylation levels of various milk glycans between normal and GDM mice, and to characterize the intestinal microbiome and immune responses of the offspring after weaning. We found that GDM mouse milk contained significantly higher concentrations of fucosylated and sialylated N-glycans than control mice, but there was no difference in the concentration of milk oligosaccharides between the groups. The differences in milk N-glycans had direct effects on the intestinal microbiome of the offspring, which in turn affected their immune response upon challenge with ovalbumin (OVA), with disruptions in the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell balances. This study lays the foundation for further research and development of specific nutritional care for the offspring of GDM mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorui Zhou
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingjie Fan
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinhui Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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86
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Chatenoud L, Bertuccio P, Turati F, Galeone C, Naldi L, Chatenoud L, La Vecchia C, Bach J, Agostinis F, Carminati S, Neri I, Patrizi A, Starace M, Berti S, Gola MF, Gola M, Martelli A, Origgi D, Serradori L, Burroni AG, Ciccarese G, Brena M, Colonna C, Gelmetti C, Esposito S, Montinaro V, Patria MF, Peves Rios W, Tagliabue C, Fontana E, Belloni Fortina A, Peccianti C, Pellegrino M, Trovato E, Di Landro A, Menchini M, Quadri V, Testagrossa O, Boner A, Comberiati P, Peroni D. Markers of microbial exposure lower the incidence of atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2020; 75:104-115. [PMID: 31321780 DOI: 10.1111/all.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hygiene hypothesis proposes that reduced exposure to infectious agents in early life would explain the increase of allergic and autoimmune diseases observed over the past decades in high-income countries. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study on incident atopic dermatitis (AD). Cases were 426 outpatient children with a first diagnosis of incident AD. Controls were 426 children attending a pediatric/dermatological visit for nonatopic disorders matched to cases (1:1). Particular attention was paid to the time elapsed between the markers of microbial exposure and disease onset, and we considered for controls the same time window of exposures from birth as his/her matched case. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed using multivariable conditional logistic regression models, according to center, sex, age, and period of enrollment, and including as potential confounders a family history of any allergy in parents, type of delivery, having siblings, keeping pets, age at weaning, and having had ≥4 infections. RESULTS The OR of AD first occurrence was 0.35 (P-value = .039) for children who had experienced ≥4 infections compared with those with no infections. A decreasing trend in risk was observed with increasing number of siblings (P-value = .023), the protective effect reaching about 40% for children with 2 or more siblings (OR = 0.62; P-value = .048). Pet keeping, in particular daily contact with dogs, was inversely associated with AD risk (OR = 0.40; P-value = .004). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hygiene hypothesis in its broad sense. Early-life environmental exposures, including pathogens and commensals, act as "microbes contact carriers" influencing immune system balance early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Chatenoud
- Department of Public Health Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology ‐ IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Milan Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Centro Studi GISED Bergamo Italy
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes Paris France
- INSERM Institut Necker‐Enfants Malades Paris France
- CNRS UMR 8253 Institut Necker‐Enfants Malades Paris France
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Jean‐François Bach
- Université Paris Descartes Paris France
- INSERM Institut Necker‐Enfants Malades Paris France
- CNRS UMR 8253 Institut Necker‐Enfants Malades Paris France
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87
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Langgartner D, Zambrano CA, Heinze JD, Stamper CE, Böbel TS, Hackl SB, Jarczok MN, Rohleder N, Rook GA, Gündel H, Waller C, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Association of the Salivary Microbiome With Animal Contact During Early Life and Stress-Induced Immune Activation in Healthy Participants. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:353. [PMID: 32457661 PMCID: PMC7223923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of stress-associated somatic and psychiatric disorders is increased in environments offering a narrow relative to a wide range of microbial exposure. Moreover, different animal and human studies suggest that an overreactive immune system not only accompanies stress-associated disorders, but might even be causally involved in their pathogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, we recently showed that urban upbringing in the absence of daily contact with pets, compared to rural upbringing in the presence of daily contact with farm animals, is associated with a more pronounced immune activation following acute psychosocial stressor exposure induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Here we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to test whether this difference in TSST-induced immune activation between urban upbringing in the absence of daily contact with pets (n = 20) compared with rural upbringing in the presence of daily contact with farm animals (n = 20) is associated with differences in the composition of the salivary microbiome. Although we did not detect any differences in alpha or beta diversity measures of the salivary microbiome between the two experimental groups, statistical analysis revealed that the salivary microbial beta diversity was significantly higher in participants with absolutely no animal contact (n = 5, urban participants) until the age of 15 compared to all other participants (n = 35) reporting either daily contact with farm animals (n = 20, rural participants) or occasional pet contact (n = 15, urban participants). Interestingly, when comparing these urban participants with absolutely no pet contact to the remaining urban participants with occasional pet contact, the former also displayed a significantly higher immune, but not hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis or sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, following TSST exposure. In summary, we conclude that only urban upbringing with absolutely no animal contact had long-lasting effects on the composition of the salivary microbiome and potentiates the negative consequences of urban upbringing on stress-induced immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jared D Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Till S Böbel
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sascha B Hackl
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Graham A Rook
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center (RMRMC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Yolken R, Stallings C, Origoni A, Katsafanas E, Sweeney K, Squire A, Dickerson F. Exposure to household pet cats and dogs in childhood and risk of subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225320. [PMID: 31790431 PMCID: PMC6886852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serious psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been associated with environmental exposures in early life. Contact with household pets such as cats and dogs can serve as a source of environmental exposure during these time periods. Methods We investigated the relationship between exposure to a household pet cat or dog during the first 12 years of life and having a subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. These studies were performed in a cohort of 396 individuals with schizophrenia, 381 with bipolar disorder, and 594 controls. The hazards of developing schizophrenia or bipolar disorder associated with first exposure to a household pet cat or dog were calculated using Cox Proportional Hazard and multivariate logistic regression models including socio-demographic covariates. Results We found that exposure to a household pet dog was associated with a significantly decreased hazard of having a subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia (Hazard Ratio .75, p < .002) Furthermore, a significant decreased relative risk of schizophrenia was detected following exposure at birth and during the first years of life. There was no significant relationship between household exposure to a pet dog and bipolar disorder. There were no significant associations between exposure to a household pet cat and subsequent risk of either a schizophrenia or bipolar disorder diagnosis. However, there were trends towards an increased risk of both disorders at defined periods of exposure. Conclusions Exposure to household pets during infancy and childhood may be associated with altered rates of development of psychiatric disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cassie Stallings
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Origoni
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily Katsafanas
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Sweeney
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amalia Squire
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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89
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Abstract
The recognition that intestinal microbiota exert profound effects on human health has led to major advances in our understanding of disease processes. Studies over the past 20 years have shown that host components, including components of the host immune system, shape the microbial community. Pathogenic alterations in commensal microorganisms contribute to disease manifestations that are generally considered to be noncommunicable, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus and liver disease, through a variety of mechanisms, including effects on host immunity. More recent studies have shed new light on how the immune system and microbiota might also drive the pathogenesis of renal disorders. In this Review, we discuss the latest insights into the mechanisms regulating the microbiome composition, with a focus both on genetics and environmental factors, and describe how commensal microorganisms calibrate innate and adaptive immune responses to affect the activation threshold for pathogenic stimulations. We discuss the mechanisms that lead to intestinal epithelial barrier inflammation and the relevance of certain bacteria to the pathogenesis of two common kidney-based disorders: hypertension and renal stone disease. Limitations of current approaches to microbiota research are also highlighted, emphasizing the need to move beyond studies of correlation to causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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90
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Naderpoor N, Mousa A, Fernanda Gomez Arango L, Barrett HL, Dekker Nitert M, de Courten B. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Faecal Microbiota: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122888. [PMID: 31783602 PMCID: PMC6950585 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal studies, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. However, limited evidence exists on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the human gut microbiota. We examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on faecal microbiota in 26 vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤50 nmol/L), overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) otherwise healthy adults. Our study was ancillary to a community based double-blind randomised clinical trial, conducted between 2014 and 2016. The participants provided stool samples at baseline and after 100,000 international units (IU) loading dose of cholecalciferol followed by 4000 IU daily or matching placebo for 16 weeks. Faecal microbiota was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing; V6-8 region. There was no significant difference in microbiome α-diversity between vitamin D and placebo groups at baseline and follow-up (all p > 0.05). In addition, no clustering was found based on vitamin D supplementation at follow-up (p = 0.3). However, there was a significant association between community composition and vitamin D supplementation at the genus level (p = 0.04). The vitamin D group had a higher abundance of genus Lachnospira, and lower abundance of genus Blautia (linear discriminate analysis >3.0). Moreover, individuals with 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L had a higher abundance of genus Coprococcus and lower abundance of genus Ruminococcus compared to those with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L. Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation has some distinct effects on faecal microbiota. Future studies need to explore whether these effects would translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | | | - Helen L. Barrett
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-857-22651; Fax: +61-3-9594-7554
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91
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Vasefi M, Hudson M, Ghaboolian-Zare E. Diet Associated with Inflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:299-309. [PMID: 31867568 PMCID: PMC6918878 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by cognitive decline. Human and animal studies have shown that chronic immune response and inflammation are important factors in the pathogenesis of AD. Chronic inflammation can accelerate the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and later hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. The exact etiology of AD is not clear, but genetics and environmental factors, such as age, family history, and lifestyle are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Lifestyle habits, such as poor diet, are associated with inflammation and could accelerate or slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we provide a review of the potential conditions and factors that stimulate the inflammatory processes in AD. An understanding of inflammatory mechanisms influencing the development of AD may help to protect against dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
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92
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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93
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Moore RE, Townsend SD. Temporal development of the infant gut microbiome. Open Biol 2019; 9:190128. [PMID: 31506017 PMCID: PMC6769289 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of organisms that inhabit the human body reside in the gut. Since babies are born with an immature immune system, they depend on a highly synchronized microbial colonization process to ensure the correct microbes are present for optimal immune function and development. In a balanced microbiome, symbiotic and commensal species outcompete pathogens for resources. They also provide a protective barrier against chemical signals and toxic metabolites. In this targeted review we will describe factors that influence the temporal development of the infant microbiome, including the mode of delivery and gestational age at birth, maternal and infant perinatal antibiotic infusions, and feeding method-breastfeeding versus formula feeding. We will close by discussing wider environmental pressures and early intimate contact, particularly between mother and child, as they play a pivotal role in early microbial acquisition and community succession in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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94
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Wypych TP, Wickramasinghe LC, Marsland BJ. The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1279-1290. [PMID: 31501577 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The revolution in microbiota research over the past decade has provided invaluable knowledge about the function of the microbial species that inhabit the human body. It has become widely accepted that these microorganisms, collectively called 'the microbiota', engage in networks of interactions with each other and with the host that aim to benefit both the microbial members and the mammalian members of this unique ecosystem. The lungs, previously thought to be sterile, are now known to harbor a unique microbiota and, additionally, to be influenced by microbial signals from distal body sites, such as the intestine. Here we review the role of the lung and gut microbiotas in respiratory health and disease and highlight the main pathways of communication that underlie the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wypych
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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95
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Ryan PM, Stanton C, Ross RP, Kelly AL, Dempsey E, Ryan CA. Paediatrician's perspective of infant gut microbiome research: current status and challenges. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:701-705. [PMID: 31113768 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-316891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to its innately intriguing nature and recent genomic technological advances, gut microbiome research has been at the epicentre of medical research for over a decade now. Despite the degree of publicisation, a comprehensive understanding and, therefore, acceptance of the area as a whole may be somewhat lacking within the broader medical community. This paper summarises the main analytical techniques and tools currently applied to compositional microbiome research. In addition, we outline five major lessons learnt from a decade of infant microbiome research, along with the current research gaps. Finally, we aim to provide an introduction and general guidelines relating to infant gut microbiome research for the practising paediatrician.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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96
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Fitch N, Marshall SJ, Stefura WP, Chooniedass R, Becker AB, HayGlass KT. Quantifying Human Innate Cytokine and Chemokine Responses Ex Vivo via Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2020:77-89. [PMID: 31177493 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9591-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Linkages between human innate immune capacity, the environment in which we live, and the development of clinical tolerance versus a spectrum of disease phenotypes are a major focus of inflammatory disease research. While extensive epidemiologic evidence indicates key roles for the microbiome and other environmental factors, the underlying mechanisms that explain how these stimuli lead to a given clinical phenotype remain speculative. Here we review strategies for characterizing human cytokine production ex vivo in response to innate immune receptor stimulation with defined ligands. Human cytokine and chemokine biomarker data provides a tool to test hypotheses on the relationship between innate immune capacity in vivo and expression of current or future clinical phenotypes. The most important limitations of experimental strategies that have been used to date are reviewed. Detailed experimental protocols are provided for characterization of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-driven stimulation with a panel of bacterial (TLR4, TLR5) and viral (TLR3, TLR7/8, RIG-I/MDA5) ligands to assess the role played by human pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, Th1-like, and Th2-like responses. The importance of characterizing human innate immune phenotypes extends beyond discovery-based research to development of improved strategies for prevention or inhibition of chronic inflammatory diseases, improved design of immunization programs, and more effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Fitch
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Orillia Soldiers Memorial Hospital, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - William P Stefura
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rishma Chooniedass
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kent T HayGlass
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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97
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microbiota consist of symbiotic microscopic neighbors that interact on and within our bodies in diverse and incompletely understood ways throughout our lifetime. Though various associations with allergic disease have been described, clear effective therapeutic interventions to prevent allergy have been elusive. RECENT FINDINGS The human microbiome is influenced by multiple factors, including: mode of infant delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean section), breastfeeding, diet, presence of siblings and pets, exposure to antibiotics and other medications (particularly antacids), lifestyle, and developmental context. Microbial species promoting atopic responses and tolerance have been described. Specific microbiota likely act through distinct metabolic pathways to promote the health of their human hosts, optimally directing the developing immune system away from pro-allergic, Th2-dominated responses to more T-regulatory-influenced behaviors. SUMMARY Evidence suggests that specific healthy infant microbiome signatures may influence development of some components of the allergic march of childhood by decreasing atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy. Further understanding of factors that influence healthy microbiota may lead to specific strategies tailored for early intervention and disease prevention.
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98
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Lane AA, McGuire MK, McGuire MA, Williams JE, Lackey KA, Hagen EH, Kaul A, Gindola D, Gebeyehu D, Flores KE, Foster JA, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Kvist LJ, Otoo GE, Rodríguez JM, Ruiz L, Pareja RG, Bode L, Price WJ, Meehan CL. Household composition and the infant fecal microbiome: The INSPIRE study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:526-539. [PMID: 31012086 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Establishment and development of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM) varies cross-culturally and is thought to be influenced by factors such as gestational age, birth mode, diet, and antibiotic exposure. However, there is little data as to how the composition of infants' households may play a role, particularly from a cross-cultural perspective. Here, we examined relationships between infant fecal microbiome (IFM) diversity/composition and infants' household size, number of siblings, and number of other household members. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 377 fecal samples from healthy, breastfeeding infants across 11 sites in eight different countries (Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and the United States). Fecal microbial community structure was determined by amplifying, sequencing, and classifying (to the genus level) the V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Surveys administered to infants' mothers identified household members and composition. RESULTS Our results indicated that household composition (represented by the number of cohabitating siblings and other household members) did not have a measurable impact on the bacterial diversity, evenness, or richness of the IFM. However, we observed that variation in household composition categories did correspond to differential relative abundances of specific taxa, namely: Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. DISCUSSION This study, to our knowledge, is the largest cross-cultural study to date examining the association between household composition and the IFM. Our results indicate that the social environment of infants (represented here by the proxy of household composition) may influence the bacterial composition of the infant GIM, although the mechanism is unknown. A higher number and diversity of cohabitants and potential caregivers may facilitate social transmission of beneficial bacteria to the infant gastrointestinal tract, by way of shared environment or through direct physical and social contact between the maternal-infant dyad and other household members. These findings contribute to the discussion concerning ways by which infants are influenced by their social environments and add further dimensionality to the ongoing exploration of social transmission of gut microbiota and the "old friends" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Lane
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Kimberly A Lackey
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Edward H Hagen
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Abhishek Kaul
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Debela Gindola
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dubale Gebeyehu
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Katherine E Flores
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.,MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gloria E Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, and Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, California
| | - William J Price
- Statistical Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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99
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Kim H, Sitarik AR, Woodcroft K, Johnson CC, Zoratti E. Birth Mode, Breastfeeding, Pet Exposure, and Antibiotic Use: Associations With the Gut Microbiome and Sensitization in Children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 30859338 PMCID: PMC7376540 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The infant gut microbiota has become a focus of multiple epidemiologic and cohort studies. This microbiome is derived from the mother (via the vaginal canal, maternal skin contact, breastfeeding, and possibly in utero microbial transfer) and is likely influenced by multiple external factors. It is now believed by some experts that colonization and formation of the newborn and alterations of gut microbiota in children are dependent on earlier alterations of the microbiota of mothers during or perhaps even before pregnancy. This review will focus on specific factors (pet keeping, breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and mode of delivery) that influence the infant gut microbiome and atopy. RECENT FINDINGS This is a review of recent literature describing how pet keeping, breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and mode of delivery influences and changes the infant gut microbiome and atopy. General trends in gut microbiota differences have emerged in different birth cohorts when each external factor is analyzed, but consistency between studies is difficult to replicate. The aforementioned factors do not seem to confer an overwhelming risk for development of atopy alone. This review provides a comprehensive review of early life environmental factors and their influence on the infant gut microbiome and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, WSU School of Medicine, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kimberley Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Edward Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, WSU School of Medicine, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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100
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Oldenburg CE, Sié A, Coulibaly B, Ouermi L, Dah C, Tapsoba C, Bärnighausen T, Lebas E, Arzika AM, Cummings S, Zhong L, Lietman TM, Keenan JD, Doan T. Indirect Effect of Azithromycin Use on the Intestinal Microbiome Diversity of Untreated Children: A Randomized Trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz061. [PMID: 30895203 PMCID: PMC6420410 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohabiting children may share components of their intestinal microbiome. We evaluated whether receipt of azithromycin in one sibling confers changes to the intestinal microbiome in an untreated sibling compared with placebo in a randomized controlled trial. We found no evidence of an indirect effect of antibiotic use in cohabiting children. Clinical Trials Registrations: NCT03187834.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Oldenburg
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Clarisse Dah
- Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute for Global Health, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jeremy D Keenan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
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