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Savolainen E, Rutberg S, Backman Y, Lindqvist AK. Long-Term Perspectives of a School-Based Intervention to Promote Active School Transportation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5006. [PMID: 32664621 PMCID: PMC7400284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a global need for sustainable interventions that increase physical activity among children, and active school transportation (AST) can promote physical activity among schoolchildren. Therefore, an intervention based on gamification, empowerment, and social cognitive theory was initiated in 2016 to promote AST. The aim of this study was to follow up on participants' experiences one and two years after the AST intervention was initiated. Data were collected through focus groups and individual interviews which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Thirty-one pupils (2017), and forty pupils (2018) aged 9-10 years, two teachers (2017, 2018) and one principal (2018) participated in the study. The result is presented as one main theme; "Unity for an active community-An intervention towards making the active choice the easy choice" and three sub-themes; "Well begun is half done-Engagement sparks motivation", "It takes two to tango-Keep moving with gamifications and togetherness" and "Jumping on the bandwagon-From project to everyday use." The results show that the concept of the intervention was attractive to re-use and that it created a habit to use AST among the children. Interventions to promote AST can benefit from the use of engagement, togetherness, and gamification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Savolainen
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.R.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.R.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Ylva Backman
- Department of Arts, Communication and Education, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.R.); (A.-K.L.)
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Ek A, Alexandrou C, Söderström E, Bergman P, Delisle Nyström C, Direito A, Eriksson U, Henriksson P, Maddison R, Trolle Lagerros Y, Bendtsen M, Löf M. Effectiveness of a 3-Month Mobile Phone-Based Behavior Change Program on Active Transportation and Physical Activity in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18531. [PMID: 32510462 PMCID: PMC7308910 DOI: 10.2196/18531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active transportation (AT; ie, walking and cycling as a mode for transportation) has been associated with decreased morbidity and mortality; however, low-cost and scalable intervention programs are lacking. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research was to determine the effectiveness of a 3-month behavior change program delivered via a mobile phone app to promote AT (TravelVu Plus) on time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHODS For this 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial, we recruited a population-based sample of 254 adults from Stockholm County who were aged 20 to 65 years and had access to a smartphone. On completion of 1-week baseline measures, the 254 participants were randomized to either the control or intervention group (1:1 ratio). Both groups had access to the standard TravelVu app (Trivector AB) for monitoring their AT for 6 months. The intervention group also received a 3-month behavior change program to promote AT (TravelVu Plus app). Assessors of outcomes were blinded to group allocation. Outcomes were objectively measured MVPA at 3 (primary) and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were AT, attitudes toward AT, and health-related quality of life at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS No effect on MVPA was observed after 3 months (P=.29); however, at 6 months the intervention group had a greater improvement in MVPA than the controls (6.05 minutes per day [95% CI 0.36 to 11.74; P=.04]). A Bayesian analyses showed that there was a 98% probability that the intervention had any effect at 6 months, and a 63% probability that this effect was >5 minute MVPA per day. CONCLUSIONS No effect on MVPA immediately after the intervention period (at 3 months) was observed; however, there was a delayed effect on MVPA (6 minutes per day) at 6 months, which corresponds to approximately 30% of the weekly MVPA recommendation. Our findings suggest that a behavior change program promoting AT delivered via an app may have a relevant effect on PA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03086837; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03086837. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12889-018-5658-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ek
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Emmie Söderström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrick Bergman
- eHealth Institute, Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Artur Direito
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Obesity, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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González SA, Sarmiento OL, Lemoine PD, Larouche R, Meisel JD, Tremblay MS, Naranjo M, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Holguin GA, Lambert EV, Katzmarzyk PT. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113847. [PMID: 32481728 PMCID: PMC7312928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walking and biking to school represent a source of regular daily physical activity (PA). The objectives of this paper are to determine the associations of distance to school, crime safety, and socioeconomic variables with active school transport (AST) among children from five culturally and socioeconomically different country sites and to describe the main policies related to AST in those country sites. The analytical sample included 2845 children aged 9-11 years from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between distance, safety and socioeconomic variables, and the odds of engaging in AST. Greater distance to school and vehicle ownership were associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in AST in sites in upper-middle- and high-income countries. Crime perception was negatively associated to AST only in sites in high-income countries. Our results suggest that distance to school is a consistent correlate of AST in different contexts. Our findings regarding crime perception support a need vs. choice framework, indicating that AST may be the only commuting choice for many children from the study sites in upper-middle-income countries, despite the high perception of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-981-8332
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | | | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jose D. Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Melisa Naranjo
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Stephanie T. Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Gustavo A. Holguin
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
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A Scoping Review of Children and Adolescents' Active Travel in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062016. [PMID: 32197539 PMCID: PMC7143754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There appears to be a lack of existing data that comprehensively summarizes the evidence of children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. In lieu of this, a scoping review was conducted to map the existing literature (2000–2020) on children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. A scoping review design extracted a total of 19 publications, which show a consistent focus on the identified population’s active travel patterns, mainly to and from school, mostly self-report and cross-sectional research study designs; however, there are few longitudinal data, intervention and participatory studies. Key issues from these identified scoping review studies are discussed with the potential to better inform policy makers, practitioners and researchers to delineate programmes and strategies for promoting active travel among children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland.
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Frömel K, Groffik D, Mitáš J, Dygrýn J, Valach P, Šafář M. Active Travel of Czech and Polish Adolescents in Relation to Their Well-Being: Support for Physical Activity and Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2001. [PMID: 32197391 PMCID: PMC7143245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of active travel (AT) habits in adolescence, supported by positive emotions, increases the chances of a lifelong positive attitude towards AT. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between active travel and well-being (WB), and to estimate the share of AT in weekly physical activity (PA) and its contribution to meeting the weekly PA recommendations in adolescents. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form and the WHO-5 questionnaire were used to assess the level of AT, weekly PA and well-being of 2805 adolescents from 36 Czech and 39 Polish schools. A higher rate of AT is only significantly associated with higher well-being in girls. However, meeting AT recommendations in combination with higher WB increased the likelihood of meeting the weekly PA recommendations in both girls and boys. AT accounts for 22.5% of weekly PA of Czech (Polish 24.2%) boys. Concerning girls, it accounts for 24.9% of weekly PA in the Czech Republic and 24.5% in Poland. Meeting AT recommendations should be part of comprehensive school-based PA programs. State, school and municipal policies in the Central European region should pay more attention to the improvement of WB and the built environment for AT in secondary school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Frömel
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (J.D.); (M.Š.)
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Groffik
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (J.D.); (M.Š.)
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (J.D.); (M.Š.)
| | - Petr Valach
- Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Plzeň, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Šafář
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (J.D.); (M.Š.)
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Camiletti-Moirón D, Timperio A, Veitch J, Fernández-Santos JDR, Abbott G, Delgado-Alfonso Á, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Veiga OL, Salmon J, Castro-Piñero J. Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32156288 PMCID: PMC7063792 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents. Methods This longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years ±2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cádiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011–12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 ± 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators. Results Multilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (β = − 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (β = − 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (β = − 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (β = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (β = 0.81; p = 0.046). Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, β ≈ 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (β = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations. Conclusions Results from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Álvaro Delgado-Alfonso
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Assemi B, Zahnow R, Zapata-Diomedi B, Hickman M, Corcoran J. Transport-related walking among young adults: when and why? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32070313 PMCID: PMC7029445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing smartphones' technology allows for the objective measurement of a person's movements at a fine-grained level of geographic and temporal detail, and in doing so, it mitigates the issues associated with self-report biases and lack of spatial details. This study proposes and evaluates the advantages of using a smartphone app for collecting accurate, fine-grained, and objective data on people's transport-related walking. METHODS A sample of 142 participants (mostly young adults) was recruited in a large Australian university, for whom the app recorded all their travel activities over two weekdays during August-September 2014. We identified eight main activity nodes which operate as transport-related walking generators. We explored the participants' transport-related walking patterns around and between these activity nodes through the use of di-graphs to better understand patterns of incidental physical activity and opportunities for intervention to increase incidental walking. RESULTS We found that the educational node - in other samples may be represented by the workplace - is as important as the residential node for generating walking trips. We also found that the likelihood of transport-related walking trips is larger during the daytime, whereas at night time walking trips tend to be longer. We also showed that patterns of transport-related walking relate to the presence of 'chaining' trips in the afternoon period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show how the proposed data collection and analytic approach can inform urban design to enhance walkability at locations that are likely to generate walking trips. This study's insights can help to shape public education and awareness campaigns that aim to encourage walking trips throughout the day by suggesting locations and times of the day when engaging in these forms of exercise is easiest and least intrusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Assemi
- School of Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Renee Zahnow
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- School of Global, Urban & Social Studies, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Hickman
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Corcoran
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Active Commuting to School and Physical Activity Levels among 11 to 16 Year-Old Adolescents from 63 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041276. [PMID: 32079217 PMCID: PMC7068453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global physical activity levels are low. Active commuting to school is a low-cost and sustainable behaviour that promotes adolescents' physical activity levels. Despite its importance, data on low- and middle-income countries is scarce. This study aimed to assess the relationship between active commuting to school and physical activity (PA) levels among 11-16 years-old adolescents from 63 low- and middle-income countries and six world regions. METHODS Data were from the GSHS database. Participants were 187,934 adolescents (89,550 boys), aged 11-16 years-old, from 63 low- and middle-income countries. Active commuting to school and PA were self-reported as the number of days adolescents walked or cycled to school and engaged in physical activity for at least 60 min in the past 7 days. RESULTS Boys and girls who actively commuted to school presented higher prevalence of attaining the PA recommendations, but only for the 13-14 (boys: 16.6% versus 22.0%; girls: 9.8% versus 14.6%) and 15-16 (boys: 16.3% versus 21.6%; girls: 8.0% versus 14.0%) year-old age groups. Only for Oceania, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African girls and Sub-Saharan African boys no difference was found in the prevalence of attaining the PA recommendations between those who actively commuted to school and those who did not. Boys who actively commuted to school were 42% (95% CI: 1.37, 1.46) more likely to achieve the PA recommendations, while girls were 66% (95% CI: 1.59, 1.73) more likely to achieve the PA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Active commuting to school is associated with the adolescents' physical activity levels. However, it may have a lesser influence in helping younger adolescents attaining physical activity recommendations. Public health authorities should promote active commuting to school among adolescents in order to improve the PA levels and promote health.
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Phansikar M, Ashrafi SA, Khan NA, Massey WV, Mullen SP. Active Commute in Relation to Cognition and Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Future Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245103. [PMID: 31847267 PMCID: PMC6950697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school (ACS) is an important source of physical activity among children. Recent research has focused on ACS and its benefits on cognition and academic achievement (AA), factors important for success in school. This review aims to synthesize literature on the relationship between ACS and cognition or AA among children and adolescents. Peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library assessing ACS with cognition and/or AA among children, until February 2019, were selected. Twelve studies across nine countries (age range 4–18.5 years) were included. One study used accelerometers, whereas all others used self-report measures of ACS. A wide range of objective assessments of cognitive functioning and AA domains were used. Five among eight studies, and four among six found a positive relationship between ACS and cognitive or AA measure, respectively. Four studies found dose–response relationships, and some studies found sex differences. The quantitative analysis found that ACS was not significantly associated with mathematics score (odds ratio = 1.18; CI = 0.40, 3.48). Findings are discussed in terms of methodological issues, potential confounders, and the strength of the evidence. Future studies should conduct longitudinal studies and use objective measures of ACS to understand this relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Phansikar
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (M.P.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Sadia Anjum Ashrafi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (M.P.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (M.P.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - William V. Massey
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Sean P. Mullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (M.P.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.K.)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-217-244-4502
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U.S. active school travel in 2017: Prevalence and correlates. Prev Med Rep 2019; 17:101024. [PMID: 31921574 PMCID: PMC6948264 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Active transportation to school (ATS), denoting walking and biking, is crucial to promote physical activity for youth. This study uses data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) to report on the most recent and nationally representative school transportation patterns. Binary logit modeling determines significant factors associated with school travel mode choices. Spatial differences on school mode choices across the US are explored. In 2017 9.6% of the students of 5–17 years old usually walked and 1.1% biked to school. For students who usually walk to school, 77.5% of their school trips were less than one mile and, among usual bikers to school, 82.8% of trips were less than two miles. Student rates of walking to school decreased as the distance to school increased and biking rates peaked when distance to school was between 0.5 and 1 miles. When distance to school was <0.5 miles, walking was the most common mode for urban and rural regions. When the trip was shorter than or equal to one mile, factors such child's school grade, household vehicles per driver, and household income were associated with the decision to walk or bike to school. Other demographic characteristics like race and gender were not significantly related to ATS. While comparison across NHTS years should be viewed with caution due to changes in survey methodology, the decline of ATS rates indicate that more effective and higher reaching efforts for local, regional, and national interventions should be prioritized.
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Lyn R, Heath E, Dubhashi J. Global Implementation of Obesity Prevention Policies: a Review of Progress, Politics, and the Path Forward. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:504-516. [PMID: 31673982 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes policy and regulatory strategies to prevent obesity and summarizes worldwide progress and impediments to scaling up strategies globally. RECENT FINDINGS While there is considerable variation in the breadth and depth of uptake of recommended strategies, the adoption of effective obesity prevention policies has been slow and inconsistent. There is broad consensus that strong government, corporate, and consumer actions, including regulatory measures, are needed to advance obesity prevention policies. Governments have lacked sufficient will to take necessary action, the food industry has actively worked to thwart policies to protect its commercial interests, and consumers have not exerted sufficient influence or demand to produce change. Advancing obesity prevention will require the use of effective strategies to shape and influence the information environments and political environments towards messages and actions to support public health. Greater emphasis is needed on reducing the influence of commercial interests, mobilizing civil society, and targeting vulnerable populations through equity-focused frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Lyn
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3995, USA.
| | - Erica Heath
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3995, USA
| | - Janhavi Dubhashi
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3995, USA
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LaJeunesse S, Thompson S, Pullen-Seufert N, Kolbe MB, Heiny S, Thomas C, Johnson ER. Diverse school community engagement with the North Carolina active routes to school project: a diffusion study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:118. [PMID: 31783871 PMCID: PMC6884761 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schools located in rural parts of the United States and North Carolina have benefited proportionally less from the federal Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program than their more urban counterparts. We investigated whether and how diverse elementary and middle school communities throughout North Carolina have engaged in a SRTS-inspired, multi-sectoral initiative called the Active Routes to School (ARTS) project over the course of 5 years (2013 through 2017). Methods Analyses included a study sample of 2602 elementary and middle schools in North Carolina, 853 that participated in the ARTS project over the five-year study period and 1749 that had not. Statistical models controlling for county- and school-level confounders predicted schools’ involvement in walking and bicycling-promotive events, programs, and policies over time. Results Schools’ engagement with ARTS Project programming increased significantly over the study period, with 33% of eligible schools participating with the project by the end of 2017. Participation was most common in promotional events. Such event participation predicted engagement with regularly recurring programming and school- and district-level establishment of biking- and walking-facilitative policies. Lower income schools were more likely to establish recurring bike and walk programs than wealthier schools, whereas rural schools were less likely than city schools to participate in promotional events, yet equally as likely as other schools to participate in recurring bike and walk programs. Conclusions Schools’ engagement with the North Carolina ARTS Project diffused despite many schools’ rural geographies and lower socioeconomic status. Further, participation in one-time promotional events can portend schools’ establishment of recurring walking and biking programs and supportive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth LaJeunesse
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Sam Thompson
- Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Pullen-Seufert
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary Bea Kolbe
- Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Stephen Heiny
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cathy Thomas
- Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward R Johnson
- Division of Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Porskamp T, Ergler C, Pilot E, Sushama P, Mandic S. The importance of social capital for young People's active transport and independent mobility in rural Otago, New Zealand. Health Place 2019; 60:102216. [PMID: 31590078 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social capital influences adolescents' licenses for active transport and independent mobility, through parental decision making and safety concerns, and may contribute to increasing adolescents' physical activity. Drawing on 20 parental interviews and 11 focus groups (73 adolescents) from rural New Zealand, this paper shows the importance of social capital and social trust for active transport and independent mobility in an under researched rural context. Change over time in social capital, social trust and parental safety concerns limited adolescents' active transport and independent mobility. Health policy should incorporate social capital measures to increase adolescents' active transport, independent mobility and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Porskamp
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School of Geography, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Maastricht Centre for Global Health, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Christina Ergler
- School of Geography, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Eva Pilot
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Global Health, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Preeti Sushama
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Global Health, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mandic
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Benjamin-Neelon SE, Platt A, Bacardi-Gascon M, Armstrong S, Neelon B, Jimenez-Cruz A. Greenspace, physical activity, and BMI in children from two cities in northern Mexico. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100870. [PMID: 31016122 PMCID: PMC6468144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous previous studies have reported positive associations between exposure to greenspace and children's physical activity, but in high-income countries only. Prior studies have also examined greenspace and obesity in children, but these have yielded inconsistent results and focused mostly on older children. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between time children spent in greenspace as the primary exposure and our outcomes of interest, including 1) minutes of physical activity, and 2) body mass index (BMI) z-score. Our sample was 102 children ages 3 to 5 years living in Ensenada and Tijuana, Mexico. We fit linear mixed models to estimate associations between greenspace and children's physical activity and BMI z-score. After adjustment for potential confounders, greater time in greenspace was associated with decreased sedentary time (−0.08 min per hour for each additional 30 min in greenspace; 95% CI −0.13, −0.04; p = 0.002) and increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (0.06; 95% CI 0.03, 0.10; p < 0.001). Results were driven primarily by children in Tijuana (−0.22; 95% CI −0.38, −0.06; p = 0.008 for sedentary time and 0.15; 95% CI 0.06, 0.38; p = 0.007 for MVPA). Time in greenspace was not associated with BMI z-score in children in Ensenada (0.001; 95% CI −0.008, 0.01; p = 0.83) or Tijuana (−0.009; 95% CI −0.02, 0.004; p = 0.17). Greater time in greenspace was associated with physical activity but not BMI in our sample of children—more so in Tijuana compared to Ensenada. Given high rates of obesity, interventions should aim to increase physical activity in young children in Northern Mexico. Greater time in greenspace was associated with decreased sedentary time. Greater time in greenspace was associated with increased physical activity. Associations were mainly driven by children in Tijuana compared to Ensenada. Time spent in greenspace was not associated with body mass index z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 615 North Wolfe Street, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alyssa Platt
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Montserrat Bacardi-Gascon
- Schools of Medicine and Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Mesa de Otay, CP 22390 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, 4020 Roxboro Road, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Brian Neelon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Charleston, SC 29415, USA
| | - Arturo Jimenez-Cruz
- Schools of Medicine and Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Mesa de Otay, CP 22390 Tijuana, Mexico
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Inada H, Tomio J, Ichikawa M, Nakahara S. Regional disparities in road traffic injury rates involving elementary and junior high school children while commuting among Japan's 47 prefectures between 2004 and 2013. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 125:79-84. [PMID: 30731318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent and patterns of regional disparities of road traffic injury rates involving elementary and junior high school children while commuting among Japan's 47 prefectures. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study using the national police data for 2004-2013 on the number of children who were killed or seriously injured (KSI) in traffic collisions stratified by prefecture, grade, mode of transport, and purpose of trip (commuting or non-commuting). We calculated stratified KSI rates by dividing the number of KSI cases by the corresponding number of children and presented these rates for the 47 prefectures. Also, for pedestrian elementary school children and cyclist junior high school children, we regressed the KSI rates while commuting by prefecture on the non-commuting KSI rates and the proportion of people who live in the urban, densely inhabited districts. RESULTS There were 6463 KSI cases while commuting. The ratios of the highest KSI rate to the lowest KSI rate among prefectures were 12, 30, and 58 for pedestrian elementary school children and pedestrian and cyclist junior high school children, respectively. The non-commuting KSI rates and the proportion of those living in densely inhabited districts were positively and inversely associated with the commuting KSI rates, respectively. The analysis of the residuals of the regression models did not identify prefectures with significantly higher or lower KSI rates while commuting than others. CONCLUSIONS There were large inter-prefecture disparities in the KSI rates while commuting, and the disparity was especially large among cyclist junior high school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Inada
- International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States of America.
| | - Jun Tomio
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masao Ichikawa
- Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakahara
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jelleyman C, McPhee J, Brussoni M, Bundy A, Duncan S. A Cross-Sectional Description of Parental Perceptions and Practices Related to Risky Play and Independent Mobility in Children: The New Zealand State of Play Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020262. [PMID: 30658496 PMCID: PMC6352286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential for risky play and independent mobility to increase children’s physical activity, and enhance cognitive development and emotional wellbeing has been recognised for some time. The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes of New Zealand parents towards such risky play practices and independent mobility, the barriers preventing them from allowing their children to participate, and how often their children engaged in risky play activities. An online survey comprised mostly of validated scales and standardised questions was completed by a nationally representative sample of 2003 parents. We found that parents had neutral feelings about the risk of injury to their child through play, rather they were concerned about road safety and “stranger danger”. There was strong agreement that there are multiple benefits to be gained from exposure to risk and challenge, and that health and safety rules are too strict. However, 73% of respondents stated that their 5–12 year old child seldom or never engaged in four or more risky activities, and only 14.3% engaged in four or more often or always. While parents agree that their child is likely to benefit from risky play, they do not have the confidence to allow their children to engage in such activities. Future research should address barriers and fears when implementing strategies to facilitate risky play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jelleyman
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Julia McPhee
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's' Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Anita Bundy
- Professor and Department Head, Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Professor of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Scott Duncan
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
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Molina-García J, García-Massó X, Estevan I, Queralt A. Built Environment, Psychosocial Factors and Active Commuting to School in Adolescents: Clustering a Self-Organizing Map Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E83. [PMID: 30597975 PMCID: PMC6339221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the built environment and certain psychosocial factors are related to adolescents' active commuting to and from school (ACS), their interrelationships have not been explored in depth. This study describes these interrelationships and behavioral profiles via a self-organizing map (SOM) analysis. The sample comprised 465 adolescents from the IPEN (International Physical Activity and the Environment Network) Adolescent study in Valencia, Spain. ACS, barriers to ACS, physical self-efficacy, social support and sociodemographics were measured by questionnaire. Street-network distance to school, net residential density and street intersection density were calculated from the Geographic Information System. The clustering of the SOM outcomes resulted in eight areas or clusters. The clusters which correspond to the lowest and highest ACS levels were then explored in depth. The lowest ACS levels presented interactions between the less supportive built environments (i.e., low levels of residential density and street connectivity in the neighborhood and greater distances to school) and unfavorable psychosocial variables (i.e., low values of physical self-efficacy and medium social support for ACS) and good access to private motorized transport at home. The adolescents with the lowest ACS values exhibited high ACS environment/safety and planning/psychosocial barrier values. Future interventions should be designed to encourage ACS and change multiple levels of influence, such as individual, psychosocial and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- HUMAG research group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Huertas-Delgado FJ, Mertens L, Chillon P, Van Dyck D. Parents' and adolescents' perception of traffic- and crime-related safety as correlates of independent mobility among Belgian adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204454. [PMID: 30265694 PMCID: PMC6162083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The independent mobility (IM), defined as the freedom of young people to travel without adult supervision, has been related to the physical activity time, the acquisition of personal autonomy, to less intense fear of crime, and to a stronger feeling of being part of their community and other health and social benefits. The aims of this study were to compare parents’ and adolescents’ traffic- and crime-related safety perceptions of their neighborhood and to analyze the associations of these perceptions with adolescents’ IM. A total of 291 adolescents and their parents completed the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) questionnaire. Multilevel (two-level models: individual level—neighborhood level) regression analyses were conducted to examine whether the environmental perceptions differed between parents and adolescents and the association between the parental and adolescents’ perception to the IM and the active independent mobility (AIM). Parents reported a more negative perception of traffic (except for amount and speed) and crime-related safety. Adolescents’ environmental perceptions were not associated with their IM but parental perceptions of traffic- and crime-related safety were associated with IM and with active IM, although not all associations were in the expected direction. Future urban policy efforts should address environments where parents perceive sufficient levels of safety to increase the levels of IM in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado
- PA-Help "Physical Activity for Health Promotion" research group, Teaching Centre La Inmaculada, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Lieze Mertens
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Gent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Palma Chillon
- PROFITH “Promoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Gent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
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Buttazzoni AN, Coen SE, Gilliland JA. Supporting active school travel: A qualitative analysis of implementing a regional safe routes to school program. Soc Sci Med 2018; 212:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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