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Martín-Moraleda E, Pinilla-Quintana I, Romero-Blanco C, Hernández-Martínez A, Jiménez-Zazo F, Dorado-Suárez A, García-Coll V, Cabanillas-Cruz E, Martínez-Romero MT, Herrador-Colmenero M, Queralt A, Castro-Lemus N, Aznar S. Lifestyle Behaviours Profile of Spanish Adolescents Who Actively Commute to School. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10010095. [PMID: 36670646 PMCID: PMC9856640 DOI: 10.3390/children10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study different ‘healthy profiles’ through the impact of multiple lifestyle behaviours (sleep patterns, screen time and quality diet) on active commuting to school (ACS) in adolescents. Sixteen secondary schools from four Spanish cities were randomly selected. All participants filled in an “Ad-Hoc” questionnaire to measure their mode of commuting and distance from home to school and their lifestyle behaviours. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyse the main predictor variables of ACS. The final sample was 301 adolescents (50.2% girls; mean age ± SD: 14.9 ± 0.48 years). The percentage of ACS was 64.5%. Multiple logistic regressions showed: boys were more active commuters than girls [OR = 2.28 (CI 95%: 1.12−4.64); p = 0.02]; adolescents who lived farther had lower probability to ACS [OR = 0.74 (CI 95%: 0.69−0.80); p < 0.001]; adolescents who met sleep duration recommendations were more likely to ACS [OR = 3.05 (CI 95%: 1.07−8.69); p = 0.04], while with each hour of sleep, the odds of ACS was reduced [OR = 0.51 (CI 95%: 0.30−0.89); p = 0.02]; higher odds were shown to ACS in adolescents who have more adherence to MD [OR = 1.16(CI 95%: 1.00−1.33); p = 0.05]; and habitual breakfast consumption was inversely associated with ACS [OR = 0.41 (CI: 95%: 0.18−0.96); p = 0.04]. ACS was associated with being a boy, living at a shorter distance to school, a daily sleep time ≥ 8 h and presented a higher adherence to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Martín-Moraleda
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Iván Pinilla-Quintana
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Romero-Blanco
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto Dorado-Suárez
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Coll
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Esther Cabanillas-Cruz
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- “La Inmaculada” Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Queralt
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Castro-Lemus
- FENIX Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Castillo-Paredes A, Iglésias B, Farías-Valenzuela C, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MCY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Fisberg M, Drenowatz C, Ferrero-Hernández P, Ferrari G. Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Active Transportation in Adults from Eight Latin American Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12811. [PMID: 36232117 PMCID: PMC9566435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood built environment is associated with domain-specific physical activity. However, few studies with representative samples have examined the association between perceived neighborhood safety indicators and domain-specific active transportation in Latin America. This study aimed to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood safety with domain-specific active transportation in adults from eight Latin American countries. Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (n = 8547, aged 18-65). Active transportation (walking and cycling) was assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Specifically, traffic density and speed as well as street lightening, visibility of residents regarding pedestrians and bicyclists, traffic lights and crosswalks, safety of public spaces during the day and at night, crime rate during the day and at night were used to evaluate perceived neighborhood safety. Slow traffic speeds, unsafe public spaces during the day, and crime during the day were associated with ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of walking. Furthermore, drivers exceeding the speed limit and crime rate during the day were associated with reporting ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of cycling. These results indicate a stronger association of the perceived neighborhood safety with walking compared to cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile
| | - Beatriz Iglésias
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio Farías-Valenzuela
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas 1053, Venezuela
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, Brazil
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Santiago 7500912, Chile
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Martin-Moraleda E, Mandic S, Queralt A, Romero-Blanco C, Aznar S. Associations among Active Commuting to School and Prevalence of Obesity in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10852. [PMID: 36078573 PMCID: PMC9518030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Active commuting to school (ACS) seems to be one of the means to increase physical activity (PA) levels in youth, but it is unclear if ACS reduces the prevalence of obesity, protecting and improving their health. Most of the previous research has been conducted on children or youth (i.e., children with adolescents together), and there is a paucity of research in adolescents only. The purpose of this review was to assess the association between ACS with overweight/obesity parameters in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years. We used PubMed, WOS and SPORTDiscus as electronics databases. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA flow-diagram. Fifteen articles (68.18%) found a consistent association between ACS and body composition and seven studies (31.82%) showed no differences in body composition between active and passive commuters to school. Fourteen studies observed that active commuters to school had a more favorable body composition and one study reported that ACS was associated with unfavourable body composition. ACS could be the steppingstone to improve PA promotion in adolescence but whether ACS is associated with improved body composition and prevention of obesity requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Martin-Moraleda
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandy Mandic
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- AGILE Research Ltd., Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ana Queralt
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Romero-Blanco
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bachner J, García-Massó X, Castillo I, Mess F, Molina-García J. Do Active Commuters Feel More Competent and Vital? A Self-Organizing Maps Analysis in University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127239. [PMID: 35742487 PMCID: PMC9223208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
University students represent a population that faces high risks regarding physical inactivity. Research suggests that a regular engagement in physical activity (PA) may be more likely established when it leads to the experience of subjective vitality. Subjective vitality, in turn, is more likely achieved through physical activities that individuals feel competent in, and that take place in natural outdoor environments. An activity that may fulfill these conditions is active commuting to and from university (ACU). To examine whether and in which form ACU can combine this promising pattern of aspects, a person-oriented analysis was conducted. The sample contained 484 university students (59.3% females). Leisure-time PA, ACU by walking, ACU by cycling, subjective vitality, PA-related competence and body mass index were included as input variables in a self-organizing maps analysis. For both female and male university students, the identified clusters indicated that students who intensively engaged in ACU did not exhibit subjective vitality levels above average. Consistently, they did not show elevated levels of PA-related competence, which suggests that ACU does not support the perception of their physical abilities. Considerations regarding urban university environments lacking sufficient natural elements finally add to the conclusion that engaging in ACU does not suffice to establish a vitality-supportive and thus sustainable PA behavior. Additionally, the identified clusters illustrate a large heterogeneity regarding the interaction between leisure-time PA, body mass index and subjective vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bachner
- Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (X.G.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isabel Castillo
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Filip Mess
- Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany;
| | - Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (X.G.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Forsberg H, Lindqvist AK, Forward S, Nyberg L, Rutberg S. Development and Initial Validation of the PILCAST Questionnaire: Understanding Parents' Intentions to Let Their Child Cycle or Walk to School. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111651. [PMID: 34770168 PMCID: PMC8583113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children generally do not meet the recommendation of 60 min of daily physical activity (PA); therefore, active school transportation (AST) is an opportunity to increase PA. To promote AST, the involvement of parents seems essential. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the aim was to develop and validate the PILCAST questionnaire to understand parents’ intentions to let their child cycle or walk to school. Cross-sectional sampling was performed, where 1024 responses were collected from parents. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fit indices for the factorial structure according to the TPB, comprising 32 items grouped in 11 latent constructs. All constructs showed satisfying reliability. The regression analysis showed that the TPB explained 55.3% of parents’ intentions to let the child cycle to school and 20.6% regarding walking, increasing by a further 18.3% and 16.6%, respectively, when past behavior was added. The most influential factors regarding cycling were facilitating perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes, subjective and descriptive norms, and for walking, subjective and descriptive norms. The PILCAST questionnaire contributes to a better understanding of the psychological antecedents involving parents’ decisions to let their child cycle or walk to school, and may therefore provide guidance when designing, implementing and evaluating interventions aiming to promote AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Forsberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.-K.L.); (L.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.-K.L.); (L.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sonja Forward
- Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, 581 95 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.-K.L.); (L.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.-K.L.); (L.N.); (S.R.)
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Oliveira ABD, Mercante JPP, Peres MFP, Molina MDCB, Lotufo PA, Benseñor IM, Goulart AC. Physical inactivity and headache disorders: Cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Cephalalgia 2021; 41:1467-1485. [PMID: 34407642 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211029217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity has been linked to headache disorders but estimates based on the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines are unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the associations between headache disorders and physical inactivity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis, linear (continuous variables) and logistic regression models (categorical variables) tested the associations of physical activity levels in the leisure time, commuting time, and combined leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains with headache disorders, adjusted for the effects of sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk variables, psychiatric disorders, and migraine prophylaxis medication. RESULTS Of 15,105 participants, 14,847 (54.4% women) provided data on physical activity levels and headache. Higher physical activity levels (continuous values) in the leisure time physical activity domain associated with lower migraine and tension-type headache occurrence and lower headache attack frequency, while in the commuting time physical activity domain it associated with more frequent headache attacks. Compared to people who met World Health Organization physical activity levels in the leisure time physical activity or combining leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains (i.e. ≥150 min.wk-1 of moderate and/or ≥75 min.wk-1 of vigorous physical activity), physical inactivity associated with higher migraine occurrence, while somewhat active (i.e. not meeting World Health Organization recommendations) associated with higher migraine and tension-type headache occurrence. Physical inactivity in the commuting time physical activity domain associated with higher tension-type headache in men and lower migraine in women. Physical inactivity within vigorous leisure time physical activity intensity, but not moderate leisure time physical activity, associated with higher migraine, mostly in women. Finally, physical inactivity associated with higher headache attack frequency regardless headache subtype. CONCLUSION Physical inactivity and unmet World Health Organization physical activity levels associate with primary headaches, with heterogeneous associations regarding headache subtype, sex, physical activity domain/intensity, and headache frequency in the ELSA-Brasil study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arão Belitardo de Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro, 37896Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, 28133Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Prieto Peres Mercante
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro, 37896Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, 28133Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Fernando Prieto Peres
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro, 37896Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, 28133Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Gale JT, Haszard JJ, Scott T, Peddie MC. The Impact of Organised Sport, Physical Education and Active Commuting on Physical Activity in a Sample of New Zealand Adolescent Females. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8077. [PMID: 34360371 PMCID: PMC8345442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of adolescents do less physical activity than is recommended by the World Health Organization. Active commuting and participation in organised sport and/or physical education individually have been shown to increase physical activity in adolescents. However, how these domains impact physical activity both individually and in combination has yet to be investigated in a sample of New Zealand female adolescents from around the country. METHODS Adolescent females aged 15-18 y (n = 111) were recruited from 13 schools across eight locations throughout New Zealand to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed questions about active commuting, and participation in organised sport and physical education, before wearing an Actigraph GT3X (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) +24 h a day for seven consecutive days to determine time spent in total, MVPA and light physical activity. RESULTS Active commuters accumulated 17 min/d (95% CI 8 to 26 min/d) more MVPA compared to those who did not. Those who participated in sport accumulated 45 min/d (95% CI 20 to 71 min/d) more light physical activity and 14 min/d (95% CI 5 to 23 min/d) more MVPA compared to those who did not. Participation in physical education did not seem to have a large impact on any component of physical activity. Participation in multiple domains of activity, e.g., active commuting and organised sport, was associated with higher accumulation of MVPA but not light activity. Conclusion Active commuting and sport both contribute a meaningful amount of daily MVPA. Sport participation has the potential to increase overall activity and displace sedentary behaviour. A combination of physical activity domains may be an important consideration when targeting ways to increase physical activity in adolescent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Gale
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Level 7, Science 2 Building, 70 Union Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (T.S.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Jillian J. Haszard
- Division of Sciences, University of Otago, 85 Union Place West, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Tessa Scott
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Level 7, Science 2 Building, 70 Union Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (T.S.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Meredith C. Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Level 7, Science 2 Building, 70 Union Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (T.S.); (M.C.P.)
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Castro-Lemus N, Romero-Blanco C, García-Coll V, Aznar S. Gender-Differentiated Analysis of the Correlation between Active Commuting to School vs. Active Commuting to Extracurricular Physical Activity Practice during Adolescence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115520. [PMID: 34063921 PMCID: PMC8196578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school in children and adolescents can help achieve compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the mode of transport used to go to school and the mode of transport used to go to extracurricular sports practice. Multistage random cluster sampling was conducted to include 128 schools with the participation of 11,017 students between the ages of 5 and 19. Participants completed the survey of sports habits designed by the National Sports Council. The results revealed that the mode of transport used to go to school is significantly related to the mode of transport used to go to sports practice. A total of 54.3% of students aged 5 to 19 years walk to school. A total of 23.7% of boys walk and 7.9% bike to extracurricular physical activities vs. 24.1% of girls who walk. The fact that girls only walk to extracurricular physical activities implies that the organized sports activities were nearby. Therefore, it seems crucial to have a wide range of physical activities on offer locally to promote extracurricular physical activity participation for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Castro-Lemus
- FENIX Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.C.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Cristina Romero-Blanco
- PAFS (Physical Activity and Health Promotion) Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Virginia García-Coll
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (N.C.-L.); (S.A.)
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9
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Raza W, Krachler B, Forsberg B, Sommar JN. Does Physical Activity Modify the Association between Air Pollution and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Disease? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2631. [PMID: 33807925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess a possible interaction effect between physical activity and particulate air pollution exposure on recurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. We followed 2221 adult participants comprising first time IHD (1403) and stroke (818) cases from the Västerbotten Intervention Program between 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2013. During mean follow-up times of 5.5 years, 428 and 156 participants developed IHD and stroke recurrence, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations above the median (5.48 µg/m3) were associated with increased risk of IHD and stroke recurrence by 13% (95% CI −17–45%) and 21% (95% CI −19–80%), respectively. These risk increases were however only observed among those that exercised at most once a week at 21% (95% CI −5–50%) and 25% (95% CI −19–90%) for IHD and stroke recurrence, respectively. Higher frequency of exercise at recruitment was positively associated with IHD and stroke recurrence but only the association with IHD recurrence among participants with low residential PM2.5 was statistically significant (96% increased risk (95%-CI 22–215%)). However, no interaction effect between physical activity and PM2.5 exposure was found. Our findings suggest that physical activity may reduce the air pollution exposure associated risk for recurrent cardiovascular disease, likely by reducing the inflammatory response.
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10
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Marzi I, Emmerling S, Demetriou Y, Bucksch J, Schulze C, Brindley C, Reimers AK. Interventions Aiming to Promote Active Commuting in Children and Adolescents: An Evaluation From a Sex/Gender Perspective. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:590857. [PMID: 33345167 PMCID: PMC7739596 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.590857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Active commuting (AC) provides numerous health benefits and is one way to improve physical activity in children and adolescents. Boys are more likely to use active transport modes than girls. Girls and boys benefit differently from interventions that promote AC. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of interventions on girls and boys and to appraise the extent to which previous studies have taken sex/gender into account. Eleven electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant randomized and non-randomized controlled trials based on a priori defined eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers screened the literature for eligibility and assessed risk of bias. Semiquantitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of intervention effects by taking sex/gender aspects into account. To evaluate sex/gender considerations in interventional studies, a recently developed sex/gender checklist was applied. Twelve studies were included that examined intervention effects on AC in girls and boys. Three intervention studies showed significant effects in increasing AC, with one study favoring girls, one favoring boys, and another focusing on a single sex/gender (only girls). According to the checklist, the overall sex/gender rating highlighted a lack of information in sex/gender consideration. Studies with and without significant effects indicated no differences in the sex/gender checklist. The results indicate that sex/gender is not considered adequately in primary interventional research on AC. To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention in boys and girls, detailed analyses of sex/gender are required, and better reporting about sex/gender-specific intervention content is necessary. In future health research to promote AC, sex/gender should be systematically taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Emmerling
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Bucksch
- Department of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Schulze
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Catherina Brindley
- Department of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wang X, Gong J, Wang C. How Does Commute Time Affect Labor Supply in Urban China? Implications for Active Commuting. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17134631. [PMID: 32605087 PMCID: PMC7370130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper identifies the causal effect of commute time on labor supply in urban China and provides implications for the development of active commuting. Labor supply is measured by daily workhours, workdays per week and weekly workhours, and city average commute time is adopted as an instrumental variable to correct the endogenous problem of individual commute time. We find that in urban China, commute time does not have effect on daily labor supply but has negative effects on workdays per week and weekly labor supply. These results are different from those found in Germany and Spain, and are potentially related to the intense competition among workers in the labor market of China. Moreover, the effect of commute time on workdays per week is stronger for job changed workers. In addition, the effects of commute time on labor supply are not different between males and females. Finally, policy implications for active commuting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jinquan Gong
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Chunan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Assi K, Gazder U, Al-Sghan I, Reza I, Almubarak A. A Nested Ensemble Approach with ANNs to Investigate the Effect of Socioeconomic Attributes on Active Commuting of University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3549. [PMID: 32438674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of travel mode choice is vital in policymaking and transportation planning to comprehend and forecast travel demands. Universities resemble major trip attraction hubs, with many students and faculty members living on campus or nearby. This study aims to investigate the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on the travel mode choice of university students. A nested ensemble approach with artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to model the mode choice behavior. It was found that students generally prefer motorized modes (bus and car). A more detailed analysis revealed that teenage students (aged 17-19 years) had an approximately equal probability of selecting motorized and non-motorized modes. Graduate students revealed a higher tendency to select motorized modes compared with other students. The findings of this study demonstrate the need to promote non-motorized modes of transport among students, which is possible by providing favorable infrastructure for these modes.
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Reich B, Niederseer D, Loidl M, Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, Rossi VA, Zagel B, Caselli S, Schmied C, Niebauer J. Effects of active commuting on cardiovascular risk factors: GISMO-a randomized controlled feasibility study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30 Suppl 1:15-23. [PMID: 32335963 PMCID: PMC7496369 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Lifestyle modification in order to increase exercise capacity is key in the prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. This could be achieved by active commute. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of daily active commuting on physical activity (PA) and exercise capacity. Seventy‐three healthy hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 38% male), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to two parallel groups, a control group (CG, N = 22) or an intervention group (IG, N = 51), which was further split into public transportation/active commuting (IG‐PT, N = 25) and cycling (IG‐C, N = 26). Both intervention groups were asked to reach 150 min/wk of moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise during their commute for 1 year. CG maintained a passive commuting mode. All participants underwent assessment of anthropometry, risk factor stratification, and exercise capacity by a medical doctor at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation. Weekly physical activity, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and commuting behavior, using an online diary, were used to assess physical activity. At the end of the study, the change in exercise capacity did significantly differ between IG and CG (P = .003, ES = 0.82). Actively covered distances through commuting significantly differed between groups (walking P = .026; cycling P < .001). Therefore, active commuting improves exercise capacity and can be recommended to the working population to increase exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Reich
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loidl
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente de Battre
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Valentina Alice Rossi
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Zagel
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefano Caselli
- Cardiovascular Center Zürich, Hirslanden Klinik im Park, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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14
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Sareban M, Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, Reich B, Schmied C, Loidl M, Niederseer D, Niebauer J. Effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on cardiovascular risk factors and body composition. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30 Suppl 1:24-30. [PMID: 32333707 PMCID: PMC7496505 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting has the potential to decrease cardiovascular risk by increasing physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, 73 hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 36% males), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) in a 2:1 fashion. The IG was further divided into a public transportation plus active commuting group (IG‐PT) and a cycling group (IG‐C). Both IGs were prompted to reach 150 min/wk of moderate intensity exercise. Daily self‐reported commuting details were verified by GPS tracking. All subjects underwent assessment of body composition, resting blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profile at the beginning and end of the study. Data for final analyses were available in 62 subjects. Commuting details indicated that the subjects randomized to IG changed their commuting habits. HbA1c decreased by 0.2% [95%CI: −0.3, −0.2] in IG‐PT but was not statistically different between groups (P = .06). LDL cholesterol decreased in IG‐C by 0.8 mmol/L [−1.1, −0.4] and by 0.6 mmol/L [−1.2, 0.1] in IG‐PT which can be considered biologically relevant but did not yield statistical significance. Body composition and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Active commuting to work for 12 months did not change body composition but yielded relevant changes in lipid profile and glycemic control. Health benefits of active commuting should be addressed by healthcare professionals when counseling individuals that seek to improve their cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sareban
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente de Battre
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Reich
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loidl
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Neumeier LM, Loidl M, Reich B, Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, Kissel CK, Templin C, Schmied C, Niebauer J, Niederseer D. Effects of active commuting on health-related quality of life and sickness-related absence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30 Suppl 1:31-40. [PMID: 32246792 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits. This study investigated the effect of active commuting (walking and cycling to work) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and absence days from work due to sickness in healthy working adults. In total, 73 participants (age: 46 ± 9 years), all working at a tertiary university hospital in Salzburg, Austria, were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n = 51) and a control group (CG, n = 22). The IG was asked to commute actively for twelve months, whereas the CG did not have to change their usual commuting behavior. IG was divided into two subgroups: IG-C (cycling, n = 26) was asked to commute by bicycle and IG-PT (public transport, n = 25) partially using public transportation and walked the remaining distance to work. Significant positive changes in IG were observed in four subcomponents of the SF-36 (physical functioning (95 [10] to 100 [8.8], P = .023), mental health (82 [15] to 86 [15], P = .036), vitality (65 [20] to 70 [14], P = .005), and general health (70 [19] to 80 [24], P = .004)) as well as the physical component summary score (56.5 [9] to 59.2 [6.3], P = .002). IG-C showed greater and more statistically significant changes regarding HRQoL compared to IG-PT. Associations between active commuting and sick-leave days were only observed in IG-PT (7.5 [14.8] to 4.0 [11.3] days, P = .038). In conclusion, active commuting improves various components of HRQoL and might therefore be a possible strategy to increase quality of life in the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Neumeier
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loidl
- Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Reich
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente de Battre
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine K Kissel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Pocock T, Moore A, Molina-García J, Queralt A, Mandic S. School Neighbourhood Built Environment Assessment for Adolescents' Active Transport to School: Modification of an Environmental Audit Tool and Protocol (MAPS Global-SN). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17072194. [PMID: 32218286 PMCID: PMC7177319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
School neighbourhood built environments (SN-BE) can influence adolescents' active transport to school habits. Typically, SN-BE assessment has involved micro-scale (i.e., environmental audits) or macro-scale (Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) assessment tools. However, existing environmental audits are time/resource-intensive and not specific to school neighbourhoods, while GIS databases are not generally purposed to include micro-scale data. This study evaluated the inter-rater reliability and feasibility of using a modified audit tool and protocol (Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes Global-School Neighbourhood (MAPS Global-SN)) to assess the SN-BE of twelve secondary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Correlations between MAPS Global-SN and GIS measures of the SN-BE were also examined. Specifically, MAPS Global-SN audit and GIS spatial analysis (intersection density, residential density, land use mix, walkability) was conducted within a 0.5 km street-network buffer-zone around all twelve schools. Based on investigator and expert consultation, MAPS Global-SN included eight modifications to both auditing processes and items. Inter-rater reliability data was collected from two independent auditors across two schools. The feasibility of a condensed audit protocol (auditing one side of each street segment in the neighbourhood, compared to both sides) was also assessed. Results indicated the modified MAPS Global-SN tool had good to excellent inter-rater reliability and the condensed MAPS Global-SN audit protocol appeared to sufficiently represent the micro-scale SN-BE. Results also highlighted the complementary nature of micro- and macro-scale assessments. Further recommendations for SN-BE assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Pocock
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoni Moore
- School of Surveying, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Mandic
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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17
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Costa J, Adamakis M, O'Brien W, Martins J. A Scoping Review of Children and Adolescents' Active Travel in Ireland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2016. [PMID: 32197539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There appears to be a lack of existing data that comprehensively summarizes the evidence of children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. In lieu of this, a scoping review was conducted to map the existing literature (2000–2020) on children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. A scoping review design extracted a total of 19 publications, which show a consistent focus on the identified population’s active travel patterns, mainly to and from school, mostly self-report and cross-sectional research study designs; however, there are few longitudinal data, intervention and participatory studies. Key issues from these identified scoping review studies are discussed with the potential to better inform policy makers, practitioners and researchers to delineate programmes and strategies for promoting active travel among children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland.
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18
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Lorenzo E, Szeszulski J, Todd M, Mama SK, Lee RE. Health Is Power: Active Transportation, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health Among Ethnic Minority Women. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:323-330. [PMID: 32035414 PMCID: PMC7307006 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active transportation (AT) increases physical activity, reducing cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white adults; however, research on these linkages in racial/ethnic minority women is sparse. This study explored these associations in 327 African American and Hispanic/Latina women. METHODS This analysis used sociodemographics, self-reported AT via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, resting heart rate, and body fat percentage (BF). Unadjusted bivariate associations and associations adjusted for sociodemographic factors were examined. RESULTS AT users had higher levels of objective MVPA, but this was not statistically significant. AT was not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adjusted models (Ps > .05); however, systolic blood pressure was lower for AT users. MVPA was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure and BF overall, body mass index and BF in African American women, and BF in Hispanic/Latina women (Ps <.05). CONCLUSIONS MVPA was associated with improvements in body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and BF among minority women, and these relationships may vary by race/ethnicity. Practitioners should recommend increased participation in MVPA. Future research, using longitudinal designs should investigate AT's potential for increasing MVPA and improving cardiometabolic health along with the role of race/ethnicity in these associations.
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19
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Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim H. Does Environmental Walkability Matter? The Role of Walkable Environment in Active Commuting. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1261. [PMID: 32075326 PMCID: PMC7068548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since walkability plays an important role in active commuting, several cities are actively promoting its integration into urban and environmental planning policies. This study examined the association between walkability and active commuting in Seoul, Korea. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the correlation between Walkability Score and the probability of active commuting after controlling for individual variables. The analysis used 129,044 individual samples nested within 424 administrative districts (dongs). In this study, three models were tested: Model 1 contained only individual variables, Model 2 contained individual variables and Walkability Score, and Model 3 included neighborhood-level variables in addition to the variables of Model 2. The results showed that the Walkability Score was significantly correlated with the odds of active commuting. Specifically, every additional one-point increase in Walkability Score was associated with 0.3% higher odds of active commuting (Model 2: odds ratio (OR) = 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001-1.005; Model 3: OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001-1.006). Additionally, public transportation density was also positively correlated with the odds of active commuting. The odds of active commuting were positively correlated with younger age, female, lower-income, and having no car. Based on the findings, policy recommendations in urban planning and design, transport engineering, and environmental planning are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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20
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Eriksson JS, Ekblom B, Kallings LV, Hemmingsson E, Andersson G, Wallin P, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom-Bak E. Active commuting in Swedish workers between 1998 and 2015-Trends, characteristics, and cardiovascular disease risk. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:370-379. [PMID: 31631386 PMCID: PMC7003943 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Trend analyses of active commuting and potential variations in trends and association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk within subgroups are unknown. Objectives To (a) describe trends in active commuting between 1998 and 2015 and (b) to study the association between different amounts of active commuting and the incidence risk of CVD in a large sample of Swedish workers, and analyses of potential variations across subgroups of socio‐demographics, physical activity, and BMI. Methods A total of 318 309 participants (47% women, 18‐74 years) who participated in a nationwide occupational health service screening between 1998 and 2015 were included. Commuting habits were self‐reported, and data on first‐time CVD events were derived from national registers. Results Self‐reported passive commuters decreased between 1998 and 2015 (64% to 56%), transferring to an increase in mainly moderate/high‐dose active commuters (12% to 19%). Changes were seen in all subgroups. The characteristics and lifestyle habits of the typical passive and active commuter changed little over the study period. Low‐ and moderate/high‐dose active commuters had significantly decreased risks for a first time CVD during follow‐up. This was accentuated in men, middle‐aged, and in participants with light physical work situations, irregular exercise habits, being overweight/obese, and with low fitness. Conclusion Increases in active commuting were observed between 1998 and 2015, however still leaving a majority who do not actively commute. As active commuting, regardless dose, is associated with a lower CVD risk, encouraging more people to actively commute may provide an easily accessible and time‐efficient possibility to increase physical activity and health in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Salier Eriksson
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena V Kallings
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hemmingsson
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Andersson
- Research Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallin
- Research Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Nordengen S, Ruther DC, Riiser A, Andersen LB, Solbraa A. Correlates of Commuter Cycling in Three Norwegian Counties. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4372. [PMID: 31717447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there is an increasing challenge of physical inactivity and associated diseases. Commuter cycling is an everyday physical activity with great potential to increase the health status in a population. We aimed to evaluate the association of self-reported factors and objectively measured environmental factors in residence and along commuter routes and assessed the probability of being a commuter cyclist in Norway. Our study included respondents from a web-based survey in three Norwegian counties and we used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the natural and built environment. Of the 1196 respondents, 488 were classified as commuter cyclists. Self-reported factors as having access to an e-bike (OR 5.99 [CI: 3.71–9.69]), being physically active (OR 2.56 [CI: 1.42–4.60]) and good self-rated health (OR 1.92 [CI: 1.20–3.07]) increased the probability of being a cyclist, while being overweight or obese (OR 0.71 [CI: 0.54–0.94]) reduced the probability. Environmental factors, such as high population density (OR 1.49 [CI: 1.05–2.12]) increased the probability, while higher slope (trend p = 0.020), total elevation along commuter route (trend p = 0.001), and >5 km between home and work (OR 0.17 [CI: 0.13–0.23]) decreased the probability of being a cyclist. In the present study, both self-reported and environmental factors were associated with being a cyclist. With the exception of being in good health, the characteristics of cyclists in Norway, a country with a low share of cyclists, seem to be similar to countries with a higher share of cyclists. With better knowledge about characteristics of cyclists, we may design better interventions and campaigns to increase the share of commuter cyclists.
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Zaragoza J, Corral A, Estrada S, Abós Á, Aibar A. Active or Passive Commuter? Discrepancies in Cut-off Criteria among Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16203796. [PMID: 31600979 PMCID: PMC6843653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school has health implications for young people. Previous research has shown the need to consistently define the concept of “active commuter”, given that assessment as well as comparison between studies may be hindered by current discrepancies in frequency criteria. Using a sample of 158 Spanish students (12th–13th grade, 60.8% girls), the current study aimed to compare several cut-off criteria to rigorously identify the frequency of weekly active trips to school in order to categorize adolescents as active or passive commuters, and to analyze whether the threshold living distance to school is associated with the different trip cut-off criteria. Percentages of active commuters ranged from 75% to 88.6%, varying significantly depending on the cut-off criteria (5–10 active trips/week) used. The results also support the need to be stricter in the selection of a cut-off criterion when the distance to the school becomes shorter. Our findings highlight the importance of following a standard criterion to classify individuals as active or passive commuters, considering the characteristics of the context in which each study is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zaragoza
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Ana Corral
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Sergio Estrada
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Ángel Abós
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, 22001 Spain.
| | - Alberto Aibar
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
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Zaragoza Casterad J, Sevil-Serrano J, Bois JE, Generelo E, Lhuisset L, Aibar-Solana A. Centre for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Health (CAPAS-City): A Pyrenean Cross-Cultural Structure to Lead the Way in the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Multilevel Physical Activity Interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16193631. [PMID: 31569673 PMCID: PMC6801737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a Pyrenean cross-cultural structure called Centre for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Health (CAPAS-City) that was created to promote physical activity (PA) in Huesca (Spain) and Tarbes (France). The main aim of this centre is to lead the way in the design, implementation, and evaluation of multilevel PA interventions to improve their efficacy and sustainability inside the city. CAPAS-City responds to the main challenges related to multilevel PA interventions, through six guiding principles: (1) promoting sustainability, (2) playing a leadership role, (3) promoting multisectoral partnerships, (4) using evidence-based strategies, (5) promoting integrated knowledge translation, and (6) using a participatory research approach. Five multilevel PA interventions were designed in both cities by CAPAS-City with these principles in mind. Through the example of the Annual MOT Test adapted to bikes, we also illustrate one practical application of the use of these principles, following the Social-Ecological approach, in which the main agents of influence are involved at different levels to encourage cycling. According to the promising results found in this study, CAPAS-City appears to be a structure that is able to respond to the main needs and challenges of multilevel interventions to increase PA levels in the whole population of both cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zaragoza Casterad
- Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Javier Sevil-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Julien E Bois
- University of Pau & Countries of Adour, e2s UPPA, MEPS, Tarbes, France Quartier Bastillac, 65000 Tarbes, France.
| | - Eduardo Generelo
- Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Léna Lhuisset
- University of Pau & Countries of Adour, e2s UPPA, MEPS, Tarbes, France Quartier Bastillac, 65000 Tarbes, France.
| | - Alberto Aibar-Solana
- Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
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Murphy JJ, MacDonncha C, Murphy MH, Murphy N, Nevill AM, Woods CB. What Psychosocial Factors Determine the Physical Activity Patterns of University Students? J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:325-32. [PMID: 30975020 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although levels of physical activity (PA) have been researched, no information on how university students organize their PA across different life domains is available. The purpose of this study is to explore if and how students organize their PA across transport and recreational domains, and to identify the psychosocial factors related to these patterns. Methods: Students from 31 Irish universities completed a supervised online survey measuring participant characteristics, psychosocial factors, and PA. Two-step cluster analysis was used to identify specific PA patterns in students. Binary logistic regressions identified factors associated with cluster membership while controlling for age, sex, household income, and perceived travel time to a university. Results: Analysis was performed on 6951 students (50.7% male; 21.51 [5.55] y). One Low Active cluster emerged. Four clusters containing a form of PA emerged including Active Commuters, Active in University, Active Outside University, and High Active. Increases in motivation and planning improved the likelihood of students being categorized in a cluster containing PA. Conclusion: One size does not fit all when it comes to students PA engagement, with 5 patterns identified. Health professionals are advised to incorporate strategies for increasing students' motivation, action planning, and coping planning into future PA promotion efforts.
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Estevan I, Queralt A, Molina-García J. Biking to School: The Role of Bicycle-Sharing Programs in Adolescents. J Sch Health 2018; 88:871-876. [PMID: 30392192 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe modes of transport to school, with a specific focus on the use of public bicycle share programs (PBSP); and (2) assess sociodemographic, psychosocial, and environmental correlates of bike and PBSP use to go to school. METHODS A group of 465 adolescents from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (Valencia, Spain) participated in the research. Mixed regression analyses were conducted on the data obtained. RESULTS Not having bicycle access, a PBSP card, or a public bike lane close to the school is negatively associated with bicycle use. PBSP is positively associated with physical self-efficacy and bicycle availability and negatively associated with the number of vehicles per drivers at home and not having PBSP stations close to the school. CONCLUSIONS The strongest predictive factor, as regards cycling as an active mode of transport to school among adolescents is having a PBSP card. Schools have a crucial role in promoting bicycle use through collaboration when designing public policies that consider access to bike lane networks and PBSP stations and therefore should encourage local government implementation policies and/or increase PBSP stations within 250 m of the school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-García
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Ruiz-Hermosa A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Alvarez-Bueno C, García-Prieto JC, Pardo-Guijarro MJ, Sánchez-López M. No Association Between Active Commuting to School, Adiposity, Fitness, and Cognition in Spanish Children: The MOVI-KIDS Study. J Sch Health 2018; 88:839-846. [PMID: 30300930 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking and bicycling (active commuting) to school may be a useful strategy to increase the daily amount of physical activity, and, potentially, improve children's health. However, it is unclear whether active commuting to school (ACS) has the potential to improve physical health and cognitive performance in children. Our aim was to examine the relationship between ACS with adiposity indicators, physical fitness, and cognitive performance in 4- to 7-year-old children. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1159 children from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain. ACS was self-reported by parents. Adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, body fat mass, and triceps skinfold thickness) and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness) were measured by standard procedures. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Battery of General and Differential Aptitudes. Data analysis included analysis of covariance. RESULTS We found no differences in adiposity, physical fitness, and cognitive performance between active commuters and nonactive commuters. CONCLUSIONS Walking to school had no positive impact on adiposity, physical fitness, and cognition in 4- to 7-year-old children. Future studies should examine the intensity and duration of walking to school needed to provide benefits in health and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ruiz-Hermosa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ronda de Calatrava, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, c/Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, c/Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jorge C García-Prieto
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, c/Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María J Pardo-Guijarro
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, C/ Campus Universitario, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, c/Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Adlakha D, Hipp JA, Sallis JF, Brownson RC. Exploring Neighborhood Environments and Active Commuting in Chennai, India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1840. [PMID: 30149686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Few studies assess built environment correlates of active commuting in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), but the different context could yield distinct findings. Policies and investments to promote active commuting remain under-developed in LMICs like India, which grapples with traffic congestion, lack of activity-supportive infrastructure, poor enforcement of traffic rules and regulations, air pollution, and overcrowding. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between home neighborhood environment characteristics and active commuting in Chennai, India. Adults (N = 370, 47.2% female, mean age = 37.9 years) were recruited from 155 wards in the metropolitan area of Chennai in southern India between January and June 2015. Participants self-reported their usual mode of commute to work, with responses recoded into three categories: (1) multi-modal or active commuting (walking and bicycling; n = 56); (2) public transit (n = 52); and (3) private transport (n = 111). Environmental attributes around participants’ homes were assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for India (NEWS-India). Associations between environmental characteristics and likelihood of active commuting and public transit use were modeled using logistic regression with private transport (driving alone or carpool) as the reference category, adjusting for age, gender, and household car ownership. Consistent with other international studies, participants living in neighborhoods with a mix of land uses and a transit stop within a 10-minute walk from home were more likely to use active commuting (both p < 0.01). Land-use mix was significantly associated with the use of public transit compared to private transport (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.2, p = 0.002). Contrary to findings in high-income countries, the odds of active commuting were reduced with improved safety from crime (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003), aesthetics (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.05), and street connectivity (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003). Different environmental attributes were associated with active commuting, suggesting that these relationships are complex and may distinctly differ from those in high-income countries. Unexpected inverse associations of perceived safety from crime and aesthetics with active commuting emphasize the need for high-quality epidemiologic studies with greater context specificity in the study of physical activity in LMICs. Findings have public health implications for India and suggest that caution should be taken when translating evidence across countries.
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Lindqvist AK, Rutberg S. One Step Forward: Development of a Program Promoting Active School Transportation. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e123. [PMID: 29739733 PMCID: PMC5964300 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity promotes health and learning. However, up to 80% of the children in industrialized countries do not achieve the recommended level of daily physical activity. By encouraging children to use active school transportation (AST), it is possible to increase their overall physical activity. Objective The aim of this paper was to present the development of an AST intervention using Intervention Mapping (IM) to promote children’s physical activity. Methods The principles of IM were applied to guide the development of the intervention. The process was divided into 3 phases. First, a literature review and collection of experiences of stakeholders were carried out to gain a broad perspective on the problem and possible solutions. Thereafter, an analysis of the critical environmental and behavioral factors affecting outcome was conducted, which guided the choice of tangible components of the intervention. Finally, a plan of evaluation and implementation was established. Results A structured program to increase AST among children was developed, consisting of 3 subsequent phases that are described in detail. Implementation took place, and evaluation of the intervention is being carried out. Conclusions IM proved to be a valuable method to develop a structured AST intervention for children. By following the steps of the IM process, it became evident that empowerment and gamification are 2 promising avenues to consider when designing AST interventions in a school context. By engaging end users and including important agents, such as parents and teachers, who control the environmental factors, the possibility to design a sustainable program increases. In addition, gamification made it possible to integrate learning into AST, which could motivate schools to devote time and effort to implementing this program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Pavelka J, Sigmundová D, Hamřík Z, Kalman M, Sigmund E, Mathisen F. Trends in Active Commuting to School among Czech Schoolchildren from 2006 to 2014. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25 Suppl 1:S21-S25. [PMID: 28752743 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Active commuting (AC) is an important factor in increasing the total daily physical activity (PA) in children, which is significant for their health and positive physical behaviour in adulthood. The objective of the study was to describe trends in active commuting to school among Czech girls and boys aged 11-15 years from 2006 to 2014, using data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. METHODS To investigate trends in AC among Czech children of school age data obtained from the HBSC surveys carried out in 2006, 2010, and 2014 was used. The study sample comprised 12,273 respondents, out of whom 5,992 (48.8%) were boys and 6,281 (51.2%) girls. The overall trends in AC were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with 2006, there was an overall decrease in AC among the 13-year-old boys and 13-year-old girls (boys - 1.8% in 2006 to 50.1% in 2014, girls - 69.3% in 2006 to 46.3% in 2014). The proportion of children AC (walking and cycling) to school significantly decreased from 74.3% in 2006 to 53.4% in 2014. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that AC to school decreased sharply among Czech children of school age from 2006 to 2014. However, walking was the most frequently used mode of travel. The boys were significantly more likely to cycle to school compared to the girls. PA interventions for youth should encourage participation in AC to school in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pavelka
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hamřík
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frida Mathisen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Noonan RJ, Boddy LM, Knowles ZR, Fairclough SJ. Fitness, Fatness and Active School Commuting among Liverpool Schoolchildren. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14090995. [PMID: 28858268 PMCID: PMC5615532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in health outcomes between active and passive school commuters, and examined associations between parent perceptions of the neighborhood environment and active school commuting (ASC). One hundred-ninety-four children (107 girls), aged 9–10 years from ten primary schools in Liverpool, England, participated in this cross-sectional study. Measures of stature, body mass, waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were taken. School commute mode (active/passive) was self-reported and parents completed the neighborhood environment walkability scale for youth. Fifty-three percent of children commuted to school actively. Schoolchildren who lived in more deprived neighborhoods perceived by parents as being highly connected, unaesthetic and having mixed land-use were more likely to commute to school actively (p < 0.05). These children were at greatest risk of being obese and aerobically unfit (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that deprivation may explain the counterintuitive relationship between obesity, CRF and ASC in Liverpool schoolchildren. These findings encourage researchers and policy makers to be equally mindful of the social determinants of health when advocating behavioral and environmental health interventions. Further research exploring contextual factors to ASC, and examining the concurrent effect of ASC and diet on weight status by deprivation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Noonan
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
| | - Zoe R Knowles
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate rural-urban differences in participation rates in three modes of active commuting (AC) and their built environmental correlates. The 2010 Census supplemented with other datasets were used to analyze AC rates in percent of workers age 16+ walking, biking, or taking public transportation to work in 70,172 Census tracts, including 12,844 rural and 57,328 urban. Random-intercept factional logit regressions were used to account for zero-inflated data and for clustering of tracts within counties. We found that the average AC rates were 3.44% rural and 2.77% urban (p<0.01) for walking to work, 0.40% rural and 0.58% urban (p<0.01) for biking to work, and 0.59% rural and 5.86% urban (p<0.01) for public transportation to work. Some environmental variables had similar relationships with AC in rural and urban tracts, such as a negative association between tract greenness and prevalence of walking to work. Others had opposite correlational directions for rural vs. urban, such as street connectivity for walking to work and population density for both walking to work and public transportation to work. We concluded that rurality is an important moderator in AC-environment relationships. In developing strategies to promote AC, attention needs to be paid to rural-urban differences to avoid unintended consequences. The average active commuting prevalence in all U.S. tracts is 2.89%, 0.55%, and 4.89% for walking, biking, and public transportation to work around 2010, respectively. Rural tracts have a higher prevalence of walking but lower prevalence of biking and public transportation to work than urban tracts. Rural-urban differences in the associations between AC and environment are complex, with some variables showing opposite correlational directions, such as street connectivity for walking to work and population density for both walking to work and public transportation to work. In developing strategies to promote AC, attention needs to be paid to rural-urban differences in order to avoid unintended consequences of “one-size fit all” type of approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie X Fan
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250
| | - Neng Wan
- Department of Geography, 332 S 1400 E, RM. 217, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9155
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Page NC, Nilsson VO. Active Commuting: Workplace Health Promotion for Improved Employee Well-Being and Organizational Behavior. Front Psychol 2017; 7:1994. [PMID: 28119640 PMCID: PMC5222872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This paper describes a behavior change intervention that encourages active commuting using electrically assisted bikes (e-bikes) for health promotion in the workplace. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the intervention’s impact on improving employee well-being and organizational behavior, as an indicator of potential business success. Method: Employees of a UK-based organization participated in a workplace travel behavior change intervention and used e-bikes as an active commuting mode; this was a change to their usual passive commuting behavior. The purpose of the intervention was to develop employee well-being and organizational behavior for improved business success. We explored the personal benefits and organizational co-benefits of active commuting and compared these to a travel-as-usual group of employees who did not change their behavior and continued taking non-active commutes. Results: Employees who changed their behavior to active commuting reported more positive affect, better physical health and more productive organizational behavior outcomes compared with passive commuters. In addition, there was an interactive effect of commuting mode and commuting distance: a more frequent active commute was positively associated with more productive organizational behavior and stronger overall positive employee well-being whereas a longer passive commute was associated with poorer well-being, although there was no impact on organizational behavior. Conclusion: This research provides emerging evidence of the value of an innovative workplace health promotion initiative focused on active commuting in protecting and improving employee well-being and organizational behavior for stronger business performance. It considers the significant opportunities for organizations pursuing improved workforce well-being, both in terms of employee health, and for improved organizational behavior and business success.
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Abstract
This study evaluates how domains of physical activity (PA) in youth predict later PA and assesses factors influencing changes in sports participation. Young people from the Children's Sport Participation and Physical Activity study (n = 873; baseline age 10-18 years; 30.4% male) completed self-report surveys in 2009 and 2014. In a multiple linear regression analysis, participation frequency in club sport (β = 0.18) and extracurricular sport (β = 0.13) significantly predicted PA 5 years later, adjusted for age, sex and urban/rural classification (P < 0.01). Overall, rates of regular (at least once per week) youth sports participation were high (males 79.3-85.5%; females 74.8-83.2%). Uptake and dropout of specific sports varied widely. Despite high levels of migration into and out of Gaelic games, they remained popular at follow-up. Weight training was the only sport that increased in both sexes (P < 0.05). Fitness, friends and enjoyment were top motivations for taking up a new sport. Other commitments, a lack of interest and time were important factors leading to sports dropout. PA promotion strategies should include youth sport, take into consideration what sports are attractive to young people and address reasons for uptake and dropout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Rowe
- b School of Psychological Sciences and Health , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Catherine B Woods
- a School of Health and Human Performance , Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
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Ward S, Bélanger M, Donovan D, Caissie I, Goguen J, Vanasse A. Association Between School Policies and Built Environment, and Youth's Participation in Various Types of Physical Activities. J Sch Health 2015; 85:423-432. [PMID: 26032272 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School environmental characteristics may be associated with youth's participation in different types of physical activities (PAs). This study aimed to identify which school policies and built environmental characteristics were associated with participation in organized, nonorganized, individual, and group-based activities. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 776 students in grade 5 or 6 from 16 schools. The school environment was assessed through school-based questionnaires completed by school representatives. Types of PA and attainment of PA recommendations were obtained using self-administered student questionnaires. Associations between environment and student PA were examined using multilevel logistic regressions. RESULTS Schools with favorable active commuting environments were positively associated with girls' participation in organized (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.74) and group-based PA (OR = 1.54, CI = 1.19-1.99) and with boys' odds of participating in individual activities (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.04-2.04). There was also a positive relationship between having a school environment favorable to active commuting and boys' odds of meeting PA recommendations (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.43-3.37). School policies supporting PA were positively associated with girls' odds of participating in nonorganized activities (OR = 1.18, CI = 1.00-1.40). CONCLUSIONS School environments that favor active commuting may encourage participation in different types of PA. School policies promoting PA also may encourage girls to participate in organized activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ward
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke Pavillon J-Raymond Frenette, 15 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon J-Raymond Frenette, 15 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Pavillon J.-Raymond Frenette, 15, rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
- Vitalité Health Network, Pavillon J-Raymond Frenette, 15 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
| | - Denise Donovan
- Department of Community Health, Univeristé de Sherbrooke, Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Pavillon J.-Raymond Frenette, 15, rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
| | - Isabelle Caissie
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Pavillon J.-Raymond Frenette, 15, rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
| | - Julie Goguen
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Pavillon J.-Raymond Frenette, 15, rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9.
| | - Allain Vanasse
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Oreskovic NM, Blossom J, Robinson AI, Chen ML, Uscanga DK, Mendoza JA. The influence of the built environment on outcomes from a "walking school bus study": a cross-sectional analysis using geographical information systems. Geospat Health 2014; 9:37-44. [PMID: 25545924 PMCID: PMC4296597 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Active commuting to school increases children's daily physical activity. The built environment is associated with children's physical activity levels in cross-sectional studies. This study examined the role of the built environment on the outcomes of a "walking school bus" study. Geographical information systems was used to map out and compare the built environments around schools participating in a pilot walking school bus randomised controlled trial, as well as along school routes. Multi-level modelling was used to determine the built environment attributes associated with the outcomes of active commuting to school and accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MPVA). There were no differences in the surrounding built environments of control (n = 4) and intervention (n = 4) schools participating in the walking school bus study. Among school walking routes, park space was inversely associated with active commuting to school (β = -0.008, SE = 0.004, P = 0.03), while mixed-land use was positively associated with daily MPVA (β = 60.0, SE = 24.3, P = 0.02). There was effect modification such that high traffic volume and high street connectivity were associated with greater moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The results of this study suggest that the built environment may play a role in active school commuting outcomes and daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M. Oreskovic
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jeff Blossom
- Harvard Center for Geographic Analysis, Cambridge, USA
| | - Alyssa I. Robinson
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Minghua L. Chen
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Doris K. Uscanga
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, USA
| | - Jason A. Mendoza
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Bookwala A, Elton-Marshall T, Leatherdale ST. Factors associated with active commuting among a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. Can J Public Health 2014; 105:e348-53. [PMID: 25365269 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.105.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the link between active commuting and physical activity, this study examined factors associated with active commuting among a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. METHODS Using data from the 2010-11 Youth Smoking Survey, this study examined different forms of commuting (active, inactive, mixed) and factors associated with either mixed or active commuting among grade 6 to 12 students. RESULTS Among Canadian youth in 2010-11, only 22.1% reported being an active commuter and only 25.7% reported being a mixed commuter. Students were more likely to commute actively if they were male, in younger grades (grades 6-10), a normal weight, a current smoker, or lived in urban areas. CONCLUSION There is substantial opportunity to promote active commuting within the Canadian context since most youth were inactive commuters. Future research should explore the underlying facilitators or barriers to active commuting so that we better understand how best to promote active commuting among the subpopulations of youth (e.g., females, overweight youth, non-smokers, youth in rural areas) who are less likely to commute actively.
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Sahlqvist S, Goodman A, Simmons RK, Khaw KT, Cavill N, Foster C, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Ogilvie D. The association of cycling with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: findings from the population-based EPIC-Norfolk cohort. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003797. [PMID: 24231462 PMCID: PMC3831097 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between modest levels of total and domain-specific (commuting, other utility, recreational) cycling and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. DESIGN Population-based cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study-Norfolk). SETTING Participants were recruited from general practices in the east of England and attended health examinations between 1993 and 1997 and again between 1998 and 2000. At the first health assessment, participants reported their average weekly duration of cycling for all purposes using a simple measure of physical activity. At the second health assessment, participants reported a more detailed breakdown of their weekly cycling behaviour using the EPAQ2 physical activity questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 40-79 years at the first health assessment. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE All participants were followed for mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer) until March 2011. RESULTS There were 22 450 participants with complete data at the first health assessment, of whom 4398 died during follow-up; and 13 346 participants with complete data at the second health assessment, of whom 1670 died during follow-up. Preliminary analyses using exposure data from the first health assessment showed that cycling for at least 60 min/week in total was associated with a 9% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99). Using the more precise measures of cycling available from the second health assessment, all types of cycling were associated with greater total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; however, there was little evidence of an association between overall or domain-specific cycling and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Cycling, in particular for utility purposes, was associated with greater moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity. While this study provides tentative evidence that modest levels of cycling may reduce the risk of mortality, further research is required to confirm how much cycling is sufficient to induce health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Sahlqvist
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Goodman
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rebecca K Simmons
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Gerontology in Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Cavill
- Cavill Associates, Stockport, UK
- British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlie Foster
- British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yang L, Panter J, Griffin SJ, Ogilvie D. Associations between active commuting and physical activity in working adults: cross-sectional results from the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study. Prev Med 2012; 55:453-7. [PMID: 22964003 PMCID: PMC3863955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between time spent in active commuting and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a sample of working adults living in both urban and rural locations. METHODS In 2009, participants in the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study were sent questionnaires enquiring about sociodemographic characteristics and weekly time spent in active commuting. They were also invited to wear an accelerometer for seven days. Accelerometer data were used to compute the time spent in MVPA. Multiple regression models were used to examine the association between time spent in active commuting and MVPA. RESULTS 475 participants (70% female) provided valid data. On average, participants recorded 55 (SD: 23.02) minutes of MVPA per day. For women, reporting 150 or more minutes of active commuting per week was associated with an estimated 8.50 (95% CI: 1.75 to 51.26, p=0.01) additional minutes of daily MVPA compared to those who reported no time in active commuting. No overall associations were found in men. CONCLUSIONS Promoting active commuting might be an important way of increasing levels of physical activity, particularly in women. Further research should assess whether increases in time spent in active commuting are associated with increases in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Ogilvie
- Corresponding author at: UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Box 296, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK. Tel.: + 44 1223 769197; fax: + 44 1223 330316.
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Durand CP, Dunton GF, Spruijt-Metz D, Pentz MA. Does community type moderate the relationship between parent perceptions of the neighborhood and physical activity in children? Am J Health Promot 2012; 26:371-80. [PMID: 22747320 PMCID: PMC4124624 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100827-quan-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether residing in a community designed to promote physical activity moderates the relationship between parent perceptions of the neighborhood and general physical activity or active commuting to school in their children. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING San Bernardino County, California. SUBJECTS Three hundred sixty-five families (one parent and one child in grades four through eight). Eighty-five reside in a smart growth community designed to be more conducive to physical activity. MEASURES Parent perceptions assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). General child physical activity was measured using accelerometers, and active commuting was self-reported by children. ANALYSIS Two sets of regressions were performed: one for general physical activity, and one for active commuting. Separate models were run in the two sets for each of the 14 NEWS factors, while controlling for demographics. RESULTS For general physical activity, walking infrastructure, lack of cul-de-sacs, and social interaction had significant main effect associations (p ≤ .05). No factors were moderated by community. The relationships between active commuting to school and perceived crime, traffic hazards, hilliness, physical barriers, cul-de-sac connectivity, aesthetics, and walking infrastructure were significant for those in the smart growth community only (p ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS Living in an activity-friendly environment is associated with positive relationships between parent perceptions and active commuting behaviors in children. Future interventions should account for both the perceived neighborhood environment and available physical activity infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P. Durand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. T:626-457-5852, F:626-457-4012
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. T:626-457-5852, F:626-457-4012
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. T:626-457-5852, F:626-457-4012
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. T:626-457-5852, F:626-457-4012
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