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Mebendazole disrupts stromal desmoplasia and tumorigenesis in two models of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1326-1338. [PMID: 34262644 PMCID: PMC8274724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for metastatic pancreatic cancer is currently only 3%, which increases to 13% with local invasion only and to 39% with localized disease at diagnosis. Here we evaluated repurposed mebendazole, an approved anthelminthic drug, to determine how mebendazole might work at the different stages of pancreatic cancer formation and progression. We asked if mebendazole could prevent initiation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia precursor lesions, interfere with stromal desmoplasia, or suppress tumor growth and liver metastasis. In both the Kras LSL.G12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model of caerulein-induced inflammatory pancreatitis and the Kras LSL.G12D/+; Tp53 R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model of advanced pancreatic cancer, mebendazole significantly reduced pancreas weight, dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia formation, compared to controls. Mebendazole significantly reduced trichrome-positive fibrotic connective tissue and α-SMA-positive activated pancreatic stellate cells that heralds fibrogenesis. In the aggressive KPC model, mebendazole significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor growth, both as an early and late intervention. Mebendazole reduced the overall incidence of pancreatic cancer and severity of liver metastasis in KPC mice. Using early models of pancreatic cancer, treatment with mebendazole resulted in less inflammation, decreased dysplasia, with the later stage model additionally showing a decreased tumor burden, less advanced tumors, and a reduction of metastasis. We conclude that mebendazole should be investigated further as a component of adjuvant therapy to slow progression and prevent metastasis, and well as for primary prevention in the highest risk patients.
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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Tuerhong A, Xu J, Shi S, Tan Z, Meng Q, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu X, Liang C. Overcoming chemoresistance by targeting reprogrammed metabolism: the Achilles' heel of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5505-5526. [PMID: 34131808 PMCID: PMC11072422 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death due to its late diagnosis that removes the opportunity for surgery and metabolic plasticity that leads to resistance to chemotherapy. Metabolic reprogramming related to glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in PDAC not only enables the cancer to thrive and survive under hypovascular, nutrient-poor and hypoxic microenvironments, but also confers chemoresistance, which contributes to the poor prognosis of PDAC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and the relationship of metabolic programming features with resistance to anticancer drugs in PDAC. Targeting the critical enzymes and/or transporters involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism may be a promising approach to overcome chemoresistance in PDAC. Consequently, regulating metabolism could be used as a strategy against PDAC and could improve the prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudureyimu Tuerhong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Fu T, Dai LJ, Wu SY, Xiao Y, Ma D, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Spatial architecture of the immune microenvironment orchestrates tumor immunity and therapeutic response. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:98. [PMID: 34172088 PMCID: PMC8234625 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have long been shown to be strongly related to tumor development, recurrence and metastasis. However, conventional studies that underestimate the potential value of the spatial architecture of the TIME are unable to completely elucidate its complexity. As innovative high-flux and high-dimensional technologies emerge, researchers can more feasibly and accurately detect and depict the spatial architecture of the TIME. These findings have improved our understanding of the complexity and role of the TIME in tumor biology. In this review, we first epitomized some representative emerging technologies in the study of the spatial architecture of the TIME and categorized the description methods used to characterize these structures. Then, we determined the functions of the spatial architecture of the TIME in tumor biology and the effects of the gradient of extracellular nonspecific chemicals (ENSCs) on the TIME. We also discussed the potential clinical value of our understanding of the spatial architectures of the TIME, as well as current limitations and future prospects in this novel field. This review will bring spatial architectures of the TIME, an emerging dimension of tumor ecosystem research, to the attention of more researchers and promote its application in tumor research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei-Jie Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Song-Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Song W, He X, Gong P, Yang Y, Huang S, Zeng Y, Wei L, Zhang J. Glycolysis-Related Gene Expression Profiling Screen for Prognostic Risk Signature of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:639246. [PMID: 34249078 PMCID: PMC8261051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal. Although progress has been made in the treatment of PDAC, its prognosis remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to develop novel prognostic genes related to glycolysis in PDAC and to apply these genes to new risk stratification. Methods: In this study, based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PAAD cohort, the expression level of glycolysis-related gene at mRNA level in PAAD and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed. Non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF) clustering was used to cluster PDAC patients according to glycolytic genes. Prognostic glycolytic genes, screened by univariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression analysis were established to calculate risk scores. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the high-risk group and the low-risk group were analyzed, and the signal pathway was further enriched to analyze the correlation between glycolysis genes. In addition, based on RNA-seq data, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration degree of immune cells in PDAC samples, and ESTIMATE was used to calculate the immune score of the samples. Results: A total of 319 glycolysis-related genes were retrieved, and all PDAC samples were divided into two clusters by NMF cluster analysis. Survival analysis showed that PDAC patients in cluster 1 had shorter survival time and worse prognosis compared with cluster 2 samples (P < 0.001). A risk prediction model based on 11 glycolysis genes was constructed, according to which patients were divided into two groups, with significantly poorer prognosis in high-risk group than in low-risk group (P < 0.001). Both internal validation and external dataset validation demonstrate good predictive ability of the model (AUC = 0.805, P < 0.001; AUC = 0.763, P < 0.001). Gene aggregation analysis showed that DEGs highly expressed in high-risk group were mainly concentrated in the glycolysis level, immune status, and tumor cell proliferation, etc. In addition, the samples in high-risk group showed immunosuppressed status and infiltrated by relatively more macrophages and less CD8+T cell. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the gene signature based on glycolysis-related genes had potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengju Gong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sirui Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ye Z, Li Y, Xie J, Feng Z, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhao K, Pu Y, Xu X, Zhu Z, Li W, Pan J, Chen W, Xing C. The Anti-Tumor Activity of Afatinib in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1447-1458. [PMID: 32384038 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200508090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer and leading causes of pancreatic cancer death because of most PDAC patients with advanced unresectable disease at that time, which is remarkably resistant to all forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. OBJECTIVE PDAC increases the social and patient's family burden. However, the PDAC pathogenesis is not identified. We are trying to uncover the underlying mechanism in the future. METHODS In our research, the drug-resistant cell line was successfully induced in the vitro by progressive concentrations of Afatinib, which we named it as BxPC3-AR. RESULTS It has been observed that the effect of autophagy was on the resistance of BxPC3-AR to Afatinib. CONCLUSION It has been confirmed that autophagy plays a certain role in BxPC3-AR resistance to Afatinib. Our findings provide a new perspective on the role of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yecheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yuwei Pu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Zhaobi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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Alzhrani R, Alsaab HO, Vanamal K, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Barari A, Sau S, Iyer AK. Overcoming the Tumor Microenvironmental Barriers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas for Achieving Better Treatment Outcomes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000262. [PMID: 34212073 PMCID: PMC8240487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with the lowest survival rate among all solid tumors. The lethality of PDAC arises from late detection and propensity of the tumor to metastasize and develop resistance against chemo and radiation therapy. A highly complex tumor microenvironment composed of dense stroma, immune cells, fibroblast, and disorganized blood vessels, is the main obstacle to current PDAC therapy. Despite the tremendous success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancers, PDAC remains one of the poorest responders of ICIs therapy. The immunologically "cold" phenotype of PDAC is attributed to the low mutational burden, high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regs, contributing to a significant immunotherapy resistance mechanism. Thus, the development of innovative strategies for turning immunologically "cold" tumor into "hot" ones is an unmet need to improve the outcome of PDAC ICIs therapies. Other smart strategies, such as nanomedicines, sonic Hedgehog inhibitor, or smoothened inhibitor, are discussed to enhance chemotherapeutic agents' efficiency by disrupting the PDAC stroma. This review highlights the current challenges and various preclinical and clinical strategies to overcome current PDAC therapy difficulties, thus significantly advancing PDAC research knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alzhrani
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Vanamal
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ayatakshi Barari
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Wang Y, Liang Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Mao T, Cui J, Yao J, Wang Y, Jiao F, Xiao X, Hu J, Xia Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Sun Y, Fu D, Shen L, Xu X, Xue J, Wang L. Single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies a novel fibroblast subtype associated with poor prognosis but better immunotherapy response. Cell Discov 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34035226 PMCID: PMC8149399 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pathological and molecular classification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provides limited guidance for treatment options, especially for immunotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major players of desmoplastic stroma in PDAC, modulating tumor progression and therapeutic response. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the intertumoral heterogeneity among PDAC patients with different degrees of desmoplasia. We found substantial intertumoral heterogeneity in CAFs, ductal cancer cells, and immune cells between the extremely dense and loose types of PDACs (dense-type, high desmoplasia; loose-type, low desmoplasia). Notably, no difference in CAF abundance was detected, but a novel subtype of CAFs with a highly activated metabolic state (meCAFs) was found in loose-type PDAC compared to dense-type PDAC. MeCAFs had highly active glycolysis, whereas the corresponding cancer cells used oxidative phosphorylation as a major metabolic mode rather than glycolysis. We found that the proportion and activity of immune cells were much higher in loose-type PDAC than in dense-type PDAC. Then, the clinical significance of the CAF subtypes was further validated in our PDAC cohort and a public database. PDAC patients with abundant meCAFs had a higher risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis but showed a dramatically better response to immunotherapy (64.71% objective response rate, one complete response). We characterized the intertumoral heterogeneity of cellular components, immune activity, and metabolic status between dense- and loose-type PDACs and identified meCAFs as a novel CAF subtype critical for PDAC progression and the susceptibility to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiebo Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 2 Cunjin Rd, Chikan District, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China.
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Gupta VK, Sharma NS, Durden B, Garrido VT, Kesh K, Edwards D, Wang D, Myer C, Mateo-Victoriano B, Kollala SS, Ban Y, Gao Z, Bhattacharya SK, Saluja A, Singh PK, Banerjee S. Hypoxia-Driven Oncometabolite L-2HG Maintains Stemness-Differentiation Balance and Facilitates Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4001-4013. [PMID: 33990397 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, the robust fibroinflammatory stroma contributes to immune suppression and renders tumors hypoxic, altering intratumoral metabolic pathways and leading to poor survival. One metabolic enzyme activated during hypoxia is lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). As a result of its promiscuous activity under hypoxia, LDHA produces L-2 hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG), an epigenetic modifier, that regulates the tumor transcriptome. However, the role of L-2HG in remodeling the pancreatic tumor microenvironment is not known. Here we used mass spectrometry to detect L-2HG in serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, comprising tumor cells as well as stromal cells. Both hypoxic pancreatic tumors as well as serum from patients with pancreatic cancer accumulated L-2HG as a result of promiscuous activity of LDHA. This abnormally accumulated L-2HG led to H3 hypermethylation and altered gene expression, which regulated a critical balance between stemness and differentiation in pancreatic tumors. Secreted L-2HG inhibited T-cell proliferation and migration, suppressing antitumor immunity. In a syngeneic orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer, inhibition of LDH with GSK2837808A decreased L-2HG, induced tumor regression, and sensitized tumors to anti-PD1 therapy. In conclusion, hypoxia-mediated promiscuous activity of LDH produces L-2HG in pancreatic tumor cells, regulating the stemness-differentiation balance and contributing to immune evasion. Targeting LDH can be developed as a potential therapy to sensitize pancreatic tumors to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that promiscuous LDH activity produces L-2HG in pancreatic tumor and stromal cells, modulating tumor stemness and immune cell function and infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Brittany Durden
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vanessa T Garrido
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kousik Kesh
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dujon Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Dezhen Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical School, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ciara Myer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Miami Integrative Metabolomic Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Yuguang Ban
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhen Gao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Miami Integrative Metabolomic Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Miami Integrative Metabolomic Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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60
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Mesquita G, Prevarskaya N, Schwab A, Lehen’kyi V. Role of the TRP Channels in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development and Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051021. [PMID: 33925979 PMCID: PMC8145744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) have been related to several different physiologies that range from a role in sensory physiology (including thermo- and osmosensation) to a role in some pathologies like cancer. The great diversity of functions performed by these channels is represented by nine sub-families that constitute the TRP channel superfamily. From the mid-2000s, several reports have shown the potential role of the TRP channels in cancers of multiple origin. The pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Its prevalence is predicted to rise further. Disappointingly, the treatments currently used are ineffective. There is an urgency to find new ways to counter this disease and one of the answers may lie in the ion channels belonging to the superfamily of TRP channels. In this review, we analyse the existing knowledge on the role of TRP channels in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The functions of these channels in other cancers are also considered. This might be of interest for an extrapolation to the pancreatic cancer in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Mesquita
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.M.); (N.P.)
- PHYCELL—Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.M.); (N.P.)
- PHYCELL—Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - V’yacheslav Lehen’kyi
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.M.); (N.P.)
- PHYCELL—Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-3-20-33-70-78; Fax: +33-(0)-3-20-43-40-66
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61
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Feng H, Moriyama T, Ohuchida K, Sheng N, Iwamoto C, Shindo K, Shirahane K, Ikenaga N, Nagai S, Nakata K, Mizumoto K, Nakamura M. N-acetyl cysteine induces quiescent-like pancreatic stellate cells from an active state and attenuates cancer-stroma interactions. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:133. [PMID: 33858491 PMCID: PMC8050903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) occupy the majority of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment, contributing to aggressive behavior of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Recently, anti-fibrotic agents have proven to be an effective strategy against cancer, but clinical trials have shown little efficacy, and the driving mechanism remains unknown. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is often used for pulmonary cystic fibrosis. Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, was habitually used for type II diabetes, but recently reported to inhibit metastasis of PCCs. However, few studies have focused on the effects of these two agents on cancer-stromal interactions. METHOD We evaluated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the number of lipid droplets in PSCs cultured with or without NAC. We also evaluated changes in invasiveness, viability, and oxidative level in PSCs and PCCs after NAC treatment. Using an indirect co-culture system, we investigated changes in viability, invasiveness, and migration of PSCs and PCCs. Combined treatment effects of NAC and Pioglitazone were evaluated in PSCs and PCCs. In vivo, we co-transplanted KPC-derived organoids and PSCs to evaluate the effects of NAC and Pioglitazone's combination therapy on subcutaneous tumor formation and splenic xenografted mouse models. RESULTS In vitro, NAC inhibited the viability, invasiveness, and migration of PSCs at a low concentration, but not those of PCCs. NAC treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress level and expression of α-SMA, collagen type I in PSCs, which apparently present a quiescent-like state with a high number of lipid droplets. Co-cultured PSCs and PCCs mutually promoted the viability, invasiveness, and migration of each other. However, these promotion effects were attenuated by NAC treatment. Pioglitazone maintained the NAC-induced quiescent-like state of PSCs, which were reactivated by PCC-supernatant, and enhanced chemosensitivity of PCCs. In vivo, NAC and Pioglitazone's combination suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis with fewer stromal components and oxidative stress level. CONCLUSION NAC suppressed activated PSCs and attenuated cancer-stromal interactions. NAC induces quiescent-like PSCs that were maintained in this state by pioglitazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Feng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Nan Sheng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Shirahane
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Nagai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Liu Y, Tang T, Yang X, Qin P, Wang P, Zhang H, Bai M, Wu R, Li F. Tumor-derived exosomal long noncoding RNA LINC01133, regulated by Periostin, contributes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by silencing AXIN2. Oncogene 2021; 40:3164-3179. [PMID: 33824474 PMCID: PMC8084735 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies and rapidly progressive diseases. Exosomes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as vital mediators in tumor cells and their microenvironment. However, the detailed roles and mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs in PDAC progression remain unknown. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance and mechanisms of exosomal lncRNA 01133 (LINC01133) in PDAC. We analyzed the expression of LINC01133 in PDAC and found that exosomal LINC01133 expression was high and positively correlated with higher TNM stage and poor overall survival rate of PDAC patients. Further research demonstrated that Periostin could increase exosome secretion and then enhance LINC01133 expression. In addition, Periostin increased p-EGFR, p-Erk, and c-myc expression, and c-myc could bind to the LINC01133 promoter region. These findings suggested that LINC01133 can be regulated by Periostin via EGFR pathway activity. We also observed that LINC01133 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells. We subsequently evaluated the effect of LINC01133 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and confirmed that LINC01133 can interact with Enhancer Of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) and then promote H3K27 trimethylation. This can further silence AXIN2 and suppress GSK3 activity, ultimately activating β-catenin. Collectively, these data indicate that exosomal LINC01133 plays an important role in pancreatic tumor progression, and targeting LINC01133 may provide a potential treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pusen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital/Maternity and Infant Health Hospital affiliated East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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63
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Jiang W, Qiao L, Han Y, Zhang A, An H, Xiao J, Ren L. Pancreatic stellate cells regulate branched-chain amino acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:417. [PMID: 33842638 PMCID: PMC8033345 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy: it has a 5-year survival rate of less than 9%. Although surgical resection is an effective treatment for PDAC, only a small number of patients can have their tumors surgically removed. Thus, an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets for PDAC exists. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PDAC development is essential for the treatment of this malignancy. This research aimed to study the mechanisms of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which regulate branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in PDAC. Methods Differentially expressed proteins were detected via nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment methods were used to find the valine-leucine-isoleucine (BCAA) degradation pathway. The levels of BCAAs in the sera and tissues of patients with PDAC were measured by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The functions of BCAA concentrations and the effects of activated pancreatic stellate cells (aPSCs) were also evaluated by performing Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and wound healing assays. Results A total of 1,519 proteins with significantly differential expression were discovered in PDAC and adjacent tissues by using nano-LC-MS/MS. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the BCAA degradation pathway. The content of BCAA in PDAC clinical samples was up-regulated. However, the addition of different concentrations of BCAA to PDAC cell culture medium failed to promote the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. Given that analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that the number of aPSCs gradually increased with the progression of PDAC, the effects of aPSCs on PDAC cells were explored. After coculture with aPSCs, PDAC cell proliferation showed a significant increase, and the proteins involved in the BCAA degradation pathway in PDAC cells had also changed. Conclusions aPSCs could regulate BCAA metabolism to enhance the progression of PDAC, indicating that the regulation of BCAA metabolism may serve as a new therapeutic direction for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Tianjin Medical University), Ministry of Education
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Tianjin Medical University), Ministry of Education
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haohua An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Wrona E, Potemski P, Sclafani F, Borowiec M. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:2. [PMID: 33630157 PMCID: PMC7907038 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive, treatment-resistant cancer. Five-year survival rate is about 9%, one of the lowest among all solid tumors. Such a poor outcome is partly due to the limited knowledge of tumor biology, and the resulting lack of effective treatment options and robust predictive biomarkers. The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has recently emerged as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PDAC. Accumulating evidence has suggested that LIF plays a role in supporting cancer evolution as a regulator of cell differentiation, renewal and survival. Interestingly, it can be detected in the serum of PDAC patients at higher concentrations than healthy individuals, this supporting its potential value as diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, preliminary data indicate that testing for LIF serum concentration or tissue expression may help with treatment response monitoring and prognostication. Finally, studies in PDAC mouse models have also shown that LIF may be a valuable therapeutic target, and first-in-human clinical trial is currently ongoing. This article aims to review the available data on the role of LIF in PDAC promotion, and to discuss the evidence supporting its potential role as a biomarker and target of effective anti-cancer therapy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wrona
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Potemski
- Department of Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Francesco Sclafani
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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65
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Nallanthighal S, Heiserman JP, Cheon DJ. Collagen Type XI Alpha 1 (COL11A1): A Novel Biomarker and a Key Player in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:935. [PMID: 33668097 PMCID: PMC7956367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1), one of the three alpha chains of type XI collagen, is crucial for bone development and collagen fiber assembly. Interestingly, COL11A1 expression is increased in several cancers and high levels of COL11A1 are often associated with poor survival, chemoresistance, and recurrence. This review will discuss the recent discoveries in the biological functions of COL11A1 in cancer. COL11A1 is predominantly expressed and secreted by a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts, modulating tumor-stroma interaction and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix. COL11A1 also promotes cancer cell migration, metastasis, and therapy resistance by activating pro-survival pathways and modulating tumor metabolic phenotype. Several inhibitors that are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer or used in clinic for other diseases, can be potentially used to target COL11A1 signaling. Collectively, this review underscores the role of COL11A1 as a promising biomarker and a key player in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.N.); (J.P.H.)
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Zhao J, Chen S, Zhu L, Zhang L, Liu J, Xu D, Tian G, Jiang T. Antitumor Effect and Immune Response of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:621092. [PMID: 33634030 PMCID: PMC7900424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.621092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have emerged as a novel and effective strategy for the non-surgical and minimally invasive removal of tumors. However, the effects of nsPEFs treatment on the tumor immune microenvironment remain unknown. In this study, the changes in the morphology and function of pancreatic cancer cells after nsPEFs were assessed and the modifications in the immune profile in pancreatic cancer models were investigated. To this end, electrodes were inserted with different parameters applied to ablate the targeted tumor tissues. Tumor development was found to be inhibited, with decreased volumes post-nsPEFs treatment compared with control tumors (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed morphological changes in pancreatic cancer cells, Ki-67 staining confirmed the effects of nsPEFs on tumor growth, and caspase-3 staining indicated that nsPEFs caused apoptosis in the early stages after treatment. Three days after nsPEFs, positron emission tomography demonstrated little residual metabolic activity compared with the control group. Gene expression profiling identified significant changes in immune-related pathways. After treatment with nsPEFs, CD8+ T lymphocytes increased. We showed that nsPEFs led to a significant decrease in immune suppressive cells, including myeloid derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β increased (P < 0.05), while the level of IL-6 was decreased (P < 0.05). NsPEFs alleviated the immunosuppressive components in pancreatic cancer stroma, including hyaluronic acid and fibroblast activation protein-α. Our data demonstrate that tumor growth can be effectively inhibited by nsPEFs in vivo. NsPEFs significantly altered the infiltration of immune cells and triggered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuochun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian'an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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67
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Hwang GR, Yuen JG, Ju J. Roles of microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer Stem Cell Resistance and Therapeutic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041624. [PMID: 33562727 PMCID: PMC7915611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer treatment is one of the major challenges currently faced when treating gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A major contributing factor to this resistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GI cancers (e.g., colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, liver cancer). Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been found to regulate several key targets that are responsible for cancer stemness, and function as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor miRNAs. As a result, several miRNAs have been found to alter, or be altered by, the expression of CSC-defining markers and their related pathways. These miRNAs can be utilized to affect stemness in multiple ways, including directly targeting CSCs and enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This review highlights current studies regarding the roles of miRNAs in GI CSCs, and efforts towards the development of cancer therapeutics.
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68
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Yu Y, Wang Z, Mo DH, Wang Z, Li G. Transcriptome profiling reveals liver metastasis-associated genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1708-1721. [PMID: 33757206 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of the metastatic potential in PDAC has not been well understood. In this study, we identified a total of 154 genes upregulated in primary tissues of PDAC with liver metastasis using the Genome Cancer Atlas (TCGA) and GSE151580 cohorts. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glycolysis were enriched by the liver metastasis-related genes, indicating that the liver metastasis-related genes might be functionally relevant to liver metastasis in PDAC. Moreover, we also found that the liver metastasis-related genes were primarily regulated at epigenetic level. Particularly, SFN, a cell cycle checkpoint protein, and KRT19, a marker gene for ductal cells, were predicted to be regulated by multiple methylation sites at the promoter. Clinically, we for the first time defined a liver metastasis score (LMS), which was derived from liver metastasis-related genes, and closely associated with clinical characteristics such as disease type and tumor grade, in PDAC. Furthermore, we also divided the samples into high and low LMS groups using three cohorts with long-term follow-up (TCGA, GSE71729, and E-MTAB-6134), which exhibited significantly different prognostic outcomes across three PDAC cohorts, suggesting that the LMS might be a good indicator for risk stratification in PDAC. Furthermore, we also found that the liver metastasis-related genes were primarily expressed in malignant ductal cells by integrative analysis of the bulk and single-cell gene expression data. Moreover, the malignant ductal cells and M0 macrophages were highly correlated with LMS, indicating that the two cell types might function as tumor-promoting cells in PDAC. In summary, the systematic analysis for the first time defined an LMS score to evaluate the risk of liver metastasis in PDAC and revealed that malignant ductal cells might promote PDAC liver metastasis, which greatly improves our understanding of the liver metastasis-related genes, their underlying mechanisms, and association with prognosis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dai Hai Mo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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69
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Francescone R, Barbosa Vendramini-Costa D, Franco-Barraza J, Wagner J, Muir A, Lau AN, Gabitova L, Pazina T, Gupta S, Luong T, Rollins D, Malik R, Thapa RJ, Restifo D, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Hensley HH, Tan Y, Kruger WD, Devarajan K, Balachandran S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, El-Deiry WS, Vander Heiden MG, Peri S, Campbell KS, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Promotes Pancreatic Tumorigenesis through Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Driven Nutritional Support and Immunosuppression. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:446-479. [PMID: 33127842 PMCID: PMC7858242 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor 5-year survival rate and lacks effective therapeutics. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify new targets. Using multiplex data from patient tissue, three-dimensional coculturing in vitro assays, and orthotopic murine models, we identified Netrin G1 (NetG1) as a promoter of PDAC tumorigenesis. We found that NetG1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) support PDAC survival, through a NetG1-mediated effect on glutamate/glutamine metabolism. Also, NetG1+ CAFs are intrinsically immunosuppressive and inhibit natural killer cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. These protumor functions are controlled by a signaling circuit downstream of NetG1, which is comprised of AKT/4E-BP1, p38/FRA1, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and glutamine synthetase. Finally, blocking NetG1 with a neutralizing antibody stunts in vivo tumorigenesis, suggesting NetG1 as potential target in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a fibroblastic protein, NetG1, which can limit PDAC tumorigenesis in vivo by reverting the protumorigenic properties of CAFs. Moreover, inhibition of metabolic proteins in CAFs altered their immunosuppressive capacity, linking metabolism with immunomodulatory function.See related commentary by Sherman, p. 230.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Francescone
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linara Gabitova
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dustin Rollins
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roshan J Thapa
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Restifo
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zhou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Genomics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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70
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Hofschröer V, Najder K, Rugi M, Bouazzi R, Cozzolino M, Arcangeli A, Panyi G, Schwab A. Ion Channels Orchestrate Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586599. [PMID: 33841132 PMCID: PMC8025202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is required. Ion channels contribute substantially to the "hallmarks of cancer." Their expression is dysregulated in cancer, and they are "misused" to drive cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Ion channels are located in the cell membrane at the interface between the intracellular and extracellular space. They sense and modify the tumor microenvironment which in itself is a driver of PDAC aggressiveness. Ion channels detect, for example, locally altered proton and electrolyte concentrations or mechanical stimuli and transduce signals triggered by these microenvironmental cues through association with intracellular signaling cascades. While these concepts have been firmly established for other cancers, evidence has emerged only recently that ion channels are drivers of PDAC aggressiveness. Particularly, they appear to contribute to two of the characteristic PDAC features: the massive fibrosis of the tumor stroma (desmoplasia) and the efficient immune evasion. Our critical review of the literature clearly shows that there is still a remarkable lack of knowledge with respect to the contribution of ion channels to these two typical PDAC properties. Yet, we can draw parallels from ion channel research in other fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. Evidence is accumulating that pancreatic stellate cells express the same "profibrotic" ion channels. Similarly, it is at least in part known which major ion channels are expressed in those innate and adaptive immune cells that populate the PDAC microenvironment. We explore potential therapeutic avenues derived thereof. Since drugs targeting PDAC-relevant ion channels are already in clinical use, we propose to repurpose those in PDAC. The quest for ion channel targets is both motivated and complicated by the fact that some of the relevant channels, for example, KCa3.1, are functionally expressed in the cancer, stroma, and immune cells. Only in vivo studies will reveal which arm of the balance we should put our weights on when developing channel-targeting PDAC therapies. The time is up to explore the efficacy of ion channel targeting in (transgenic) murine PDAC models before launching clinical trials with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rayhana Bouazzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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71
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Jiang K, Werner J, Bazhin AV, D'Haese JG. The Role of Stellate Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Targeting Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 10:621937. [PMID: 33520728 PMCID: PMC7841014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.621937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy with a dismal clinical outcome. Accumulating evidence suggests that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM), drive the severe stromal/desmoplastic reaction in PDAC. Furthermore, the crosstalk among PSCs, pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) as well as other stroma cells can establish a growth-supportive tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, thereby enhancing tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance via various pathways. Recently, targeting stroma has emerged as a promising strategy for PDAC therapy, and several novel strategies have been proposed. The aim of our study is to give a profound review of the role of PSCs in PDAC progression and recent advances in stroma-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center and Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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72
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Cao L, Wu J, Qu X, Sheng J, Cui M, Liu S, Huang X, Xiang Y, Li B, Zhang X, Cui R. Glycometabolic rearrangements--aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer: causes, characteristics and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:267. [PMID: 33256814 PMCID: PMC7708116 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common type. In pancreatic cancer, glycolysis is the primary way energy is produced to maintain the proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis of cancer cells, even under normoxia. However, the potential molecular mechanism is still unknown. From this perspective, this review mainly aimed to summarize the current reasonable interpretation of aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer and some of the newest methods for the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. More specifically, we reported some biochemical parameters, such as newly developed enzymes and transporters, and further explored their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xianzhi Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yien Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China. .,Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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73
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Li M, Guo H, Wang Q, Chen K, Marko K, Tian X, Yang Y. Pancreatic stellate cells derived exosomal miR-5703 promotes pancreatic cancer by downregulating CMTM4 and activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:20-30. [PMID: 32585413 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes play important role in tumor microenvironment, and mediate the crosstalk between pancreatic cancer (PC) cells and matrix components including pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) to regulate pancreatic cancer progression. Here we isolated primary PSCs from PC patients, and demonstrated that PSC-derived exosomes could be internalized by PC cells to promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, we identified that miR-5703 in the exosomes acted as a driver of cell proliferation and its inhibitor suppressed the function of exosomes to promote PC cell proliferation. miR-5703 directly bound to the 3'UTR of CMTM4 and downregulated its expression. CMTM4 knockdown promoted PC cell proliferation, while overexpression of CMTM4 suppressed PC cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we revealed that CMTM4 suppressed PI3K/Akt pathway via downregulating PAK4. In conclusion, our results suggest that PSC-derived exosomal miR-5703 could target CMTM4 in PC cells and promote cell proliferation due to PAK4 activated PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Huahu Guo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Kornmann Marko
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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74
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Jing S, Tian J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zheng S. Identification of a new pseudogenes/lncRNAs-hsa-miR-26b-5p-COL12A1 competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19107-19128. [PMID: 33027767 PMCID: PMC7732303 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most malignant cancers globally. However, a systematic mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/pseudogene network associated with the molecular mechanism of pancreatic cancer progression has not been described. RESULTS The significant DEGs identified comprised 159 up-regulated and 92 down-regulated genes. According to the expression and survival analysis, three genes (COL12A1, APOL1, and MMP14) were significantly higher in tumor samples when compared with normal controls and their upregulation indicated a poor prognosis. Subsequently, 28, 17, and 11 miRNAs were predicted to target COL12A1, APOL1, and MMP14, respectively. The hsa-miR-26b-5p-COL12A1 axis showed a potential in suppressing the progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, 12 lncRNAs and 92 pseudogenes were predicted to potentially bind to the hsa-miR-26b-5p. Based on the results from expression and correlation analysis, NAMPTP1/HCG11-hsa-miR-26b-5p-COL12A1 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) sub-network was associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS In a word, we elucidate a new NAMPTP1/ HCG11-hsa-miR-26b-5p-COL12A sub-network in the progression of pancreatic cancer, which may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker or effective therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first identified by mining GSE28735, GSE62452 and GSE41368 datasets. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was performed using the STRING database, and hub genes were identified by Cytoscape. Upstream miRNAs and pseudogenes /lncRNAs of mRNAs were forecast using miRTarBase, miRNet, and starBase. Expression, survival, and correlation analysis of genes, miRNAs, and pseudogenes /lncRNAs were validated using GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier, and starBase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Jing
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310000, China,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310000, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310000, China,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310000, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
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75
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Xu R, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Yang G, Chen Y, You L, Zhao Y. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572722. [PMID: 33117704 PMCID: PMC7550743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. Energy metabolism reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer. In addition to well-elaborated enhanced glycolysis, investigating the role of reprogramming of amino acid metabolism has sparked great interests in recent years. The rewiring amino acid metabolism orchestrated by genetic alterations contributes to pancreatic cancer malignant characteristics including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and redox balance. In the unique hypoperfused and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment (TME), the interactions between cancer cells and stromal components and salvaging processes including autophagy and macropinocytosis play critical roles in fulfilling the metabolic requirements and supporting growth of PDAC. In this review, we elucidate the recent advances in the amino acid metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms of amino acid metabolism regulating PDAC progression, which will provide opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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76
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A two-gene-based prognostic signature for pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18322-18342. [PMID: 32966237 PMCID: PMC7585105 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify a vital gene signature that has prognostic value for pancreatic cancer based on gene expression datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. A total of 34 genes were obtained by the univariate analysis, which were significantly associated with the overall survival of PC patients. After further analysis, Anillin (ANLN) and Histone H1c (HIST1H1C) were identified and considered to be the most significant prognostic genes among the 34 genes. A prognostic model based on these two genes was constructed, and successfully distinguished pancreatic cancer survival into high-risk and low-risk groups in the training set and testing set. Subsequently, independent predictive factors, including the age, margin condition and risk score, were then employed to construct the nomogram model. The area under curve for the nomogram model was 0.826 at 0.5 years and 0.726 at 1 year, and the C-index of the nomogram model was 0.664 higher than the others variables alone. These findings have indicated that high expression of ANLN and HIST1H1C predicted poor outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer. The nomogram model based on the expression of two genes could be valuable for the guidance of clinical treatment.
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Keshet R, Lee JS, Adler L, Iraqi M, Ariav Y, Lim LQJ, Lerner S, Rabinovich S, Oren R, Katzir R, Weiss Tishler H, Stettner N, Goldman O, Landesman H, Galai S, Kuperman Y, Kuznetsov Y, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Koehler SE, Zhao Y, Talsania K, Shen TW, Peled N, Ulitsky I, Porgador A, Ruppin E, Erez A. Targeting purine synthesis in ASS1-expressing tumors enhances the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:894-908. [PMID: 35121952 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) downregulation in different tumors has been shown to support cell proliferation and yet, in several common cancer subsets ASS1 expression associates with poor patient prognosis. Here we demonstrate that ASS1 expression under glucose deprivation is induced by c-MYC, providing survival benefit by increasing nitric oxide synthesis and activating the gluconeogenic enzymes pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by S-nitrosylation. The resulting increased flux through gluconeogenesis enhances serine, glycine and subsequently purine synthesis. Notably, high ASS1-expressing breast cancer mice do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and patients with breast cancer with high ASS1 have more metastases. We further find that inhibiting purine synthesis increases pyrimidine to purine ratio, elevates expression of the immunoproteasome and significantly enhances the response of autologous primary CD8+ T cells to anti-PD-1. These results suggest that treating patients with high-ASS1 cancers with purine synthesis inhibition is beneficial and may also sensitize them to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Muhammed Iraqi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yarden Ariav
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lisha Qiu Jin Lim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shaul Lerner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiran Rabinovich
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Katzir
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hila Weiss Tishler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Goldman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Landesman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan Galai
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuri Kuznetsov
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevi Mehlman
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Eleonore Koehler
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keyur Talsania
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tsai-Wei Shen
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nir Peled
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Enhancing the Efficacy of CAR T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061389. [PMID: 32481570 PMCID: PMC7353070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all types of cancers and thus, there exists a strong need for novel therapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells present a new potential option after successful FDA-approval in hematologic malignancies, however, current CAR T cell clinical trials in pancreatic cancer failed to improve survival and were unable to demonstrate any significant response. The physical and environmental barriers created by the distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) as a result of the desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic cancer present major hurdles for CAR T cells as a viable therapeutic option in this tumor entity. Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts express extracellular matrix molecules, enzymes, and growth factors, which can attenuate CAR T cell infiltration and efficacy. Recent efforts demonstrate a niche shift where targeting the TME along CAR T cell therapy is believed or hoped to provide a substantial clinical added value to improve overall survival. This review summarizes therapeutic approaches targeting the TME and their effect on CAR T cells as well as their outcome in preclinical and clinical trials in pancreatic cancer.
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80
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Su T, Yang B, Gao T, Liu T, Li J. Polymer nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915978. [PMID: 32426046 PMCID: PMC7222269 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease characterized by highly dense stroma fibrosis. Only 15-20% of patients with pancreatic cancer have resectable tumors, and only around 20% of them survive to 5 years. Traditional cancer treatments have little effect on their prognosis, and successful surgical resection combined with effective perioperative therapy is the main method for maximizing long-term survival. For this reason, chemotherapy is an adjunct treatment for resectable cancer and is the main therapy for incurable pancreatic cancer, including metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, there are various side effects of chemotherapeutic medicine and low drug penetration because the complex tumor microenvironment limits the application of chemotherapy. As a novel strategy, polymer nanoparticles make it possible to target the tumor microenvironment, release cytotoxic agents through various responsive reactions, and thus overcome the treatment barrier. As drug carriers, polymer nanoparticles show marked advantages, such as increased drug delivery and efficiency, controlled drug release, decreased side effects, prolonged half-life, and evasion of immunogenic blockade. In this review, we discuss the factors that cause chemotherapy obstacles in pancreatic cancer, and introduce the application of polymer nanoparticles to treat pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianren Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
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81
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Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Szopa MD, Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA. Pancreatic Cancer and Its Microenvironment-Recent Advances and Current Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3218. [PMID: 32370075 PMCID: PMC7246785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) causes annually well over 400,000 deaths world-wide and remains one of the major unresolved health problems. This exocrine pancreatic cancer originates from the mutated epithelial cells: acinar and ductal cells. However, the epithelia-derived cancer component forms only a relatively small fraction of the tumor mass. The majority of the tumor consists of acellular fibrous stroma and diverse populations of the non-neoplastic cancer-associated cells. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment is maintained by dynamic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this article, we aim to review the most common drivers of PDAC. Then we summarize the current knowledge on PDAC microenvironment, particularly in relation to pancreatic cancer therapy. The focus is placed on the acellular stroma as well as cell populations that inhabit the matrix. We also describe the altered metabolism of PDAC and characterize cellular signaling in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Mateusz D. Szopa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Pawel E. Ferdek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Monika A. Jakubowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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82
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Di Maggio F, El-Shakankery KH. Desmoplasia and Biophysics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Can We Learn From Breast Cancer? Pancreas 2020; 49:313-325. [PMID: 32168249 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatments have historically focused on targeting tumor cells directly. However, in pancreatic masses, the stroma encasing the malignant epithelial cells constitutes up to 80% to 90% of the tumor bulk. This extracellular matrix, which was previously neglected when designing cancer therapies, is now considered fundamental for tumor progression and drug delivery. Desmoplastic tissue is extensively cross-linked, resulting in tremendous tensile strength. This key pathological feature is procarcinogenic, linking PDAC and breast cancer (BC). Physical forces exerted onto cellular surfaces are detected intracellularly and transduced via biochemical messengers in a process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction and tensional homeostasis are linked, with an integral role in influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and interactions with the immune system. It is essential to enhance our knowledge of these integral elements of parenchymal tumors. We aim to review the topic, with a special emphasis on desmoplastic processes and their importance in pancreatic and BC development and treatments, mindful that innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies cannot focus on biochemical pathways alone. We then focus on common therapeutic targets identified in both PDAC and BC models and/or patients, aiming to understand these treatments and draw similarities between the two tumors.
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83
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Das S, Shapiro B, Vucic EA, Vogt S, Bar-Sagi D. Tumor Cell-Derived IL1β Promotes Desmoplasia and Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1088-1101. [PMID: 31915130 PMCID: PMC7302116 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy typified by a highly stromal and weakly immunogenic tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor evolution and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Here, we demonstrate that PDA tumor cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine IL1β is essential for the establishment of the protumorigenic PDA microenvironment. Tumor cell-derived IL1β promoted the activation and secretory phenotype of quiescent pancreatic stellate cells and established an immunosuppressive milieu mediated by M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD1dhiCD5+ regulatory B cells, and Th17 cells. Loss of tumor cell-derived IL1 signaling in tumor stroma enabled intratumoral infiltration and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, attenuated growth of pancreatic neoplasia, and conferred survival advantage to PDA-bearing mice. Accordingly, antibody-mediated neutralization of IL1β significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of α-PD-1 and was accompanied by increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Tumor cell expression of IL1β in vivo was driven by microbial-dependent activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and subsequent engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, these findings identify a hitherto unappreciated role for tumor cell-derived IL1β in orchestrating an immune-modulatory program that supports pancreatic tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify a new modality for immune evasion in PDA that depends on IL1β production by tumor cells through TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Targeting this axis might provide an effective PDA therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Epithelial Cells
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/immunology
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Pancreatic Ducts/cytology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Beny Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emily A Vucic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sandra Vogt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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84
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Pancreatic Stellate Cells Promote Tumor Progression by Promoting an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2020; 49:120-127. [PMID: 31856087 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with poor prognosis. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a vital role in PDAC development. The aim of this study was to explore tumor microenvironment response to PSCs in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model and to assess if PSCs secreted factors that can facilitate an immunosuppressive microenvironment. METHODS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma orthotopic tumor model, derived from coinjection of Panc02 cells plus PSCs, was used to investigate tumor proliferation, metastasis, and the population of immune cells in vivo, including regulatory T cells, M2-type macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, M1-type macrophages, natural killer (NK), and NK T cells. RESULTS Pancreatic stellate cells promoted PDAC growth not only induced cell proliferation and metastasis, but also significantly increased the suppressive immune cell population of regulatory T cells, M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, PSCs decreased the immune cell population of CD8 T, CD4 T cells, and M1-type macrophages in the spleen and tumor tissues of the tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, PSCs decreased the population of NK and NK T cells in the tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support PSCs playing multiple roles in PDAC development via promoting immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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85
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Chen X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Sheng Q, Shi K, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang Z, He Q. Synergistic cytotoxicity and co-autophagy inhibition in pancreatic tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts by dual functional peptide-modified liposomes. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:339-349. [PMID: 31499197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly fatal disease with 5-year survival of ∼8.5%. Nanoplatforms such as nab-paclitaxel and nanoliposomal irinotecan demonstrate superiority and utility in treating different progressions of PDA by prolonging the median overall survival by only a few months. Due to the dense surrounding stroma and the high autophagy in pancreatic cancer, integrin ɑvβ3 targeting, acid environmental sensitive, TR peptide-modified liposomal platforms loaded with combined autophagy inhibiting hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and cytotoxic paclitaxel (PTX) were designed (TR-PTX/HCQ-Lip) to accomplish the aim of synergistically killing tumor cells while inhibiting stroma fibrosis. The results showed that TR peptide-modified liposomes (TR-Lip) have superior targeting and penetrating effects both in vitro and in vivo. TR-PTX/HCQ-Lip efficiently inhibited autophagy in pancreatic cells and surrounding cancer-associated fibroblasts. The synergistic anti-fibrosis roles were also confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, all of which contributes to the enhanced curative effects of TR-PTX/HCQ-Lip in both heterogenetic and orthotopic pancreatic cancer models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Autophagy plays a significant role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in activating cancer associated fibroblasts which is also related to collagen generation that promotes the formation of dense stroma, which hinder the cytotoxic drugs to target and kill cancer cells. In this study, we designed integrin ɑvβ3 targeting, acid environmental sensitive liposomal platforms to co-loaded paclitaxel and the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine. The results showed that the muti-functional liposomes can target to the pancreatic tumor and efficiently kill tumor cells and inhibit stroma fibrosis, thus improve the therapeutic effect in orthotopic pancreatic cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yinke Liu
- West China School of Stomotology, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Kairong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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86
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Argentiero A, Calabrese A, Solimando AG, Notaristefano A, Panarelli MM, Brunetti O. Bone metastasis as primary presentation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1972-1976. [PMID: 31624620 PMCID: PMC6787833 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PDAC bone metastases represent a clinical challenge characterized by multifaceted biological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Radiology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologySection of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”University of Bari Medical SchoolBariItaly
| | | | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
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87
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Farran B, Nagaraju GP. The dynamic interactions between the stroma, pancreatic stellate cells and pancreatic tumor development: Novel therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 48:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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88
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Lin J, Xia L, Liang J, Han Y, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Rao S, Chen X, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:218. [PMID: 31122265 PMCID: PMC6533757 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which is vital to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. When the glucose metabolism of cancer is rewiring, the characters of cancer will also occur corresponding changes to regulate the chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer. The procedure is involved in the alteration of many activities, such as the aberrant DNA repairing, enhanced autophagy, oxygen-deficient environment, and increasing exosomes secretions, etc. Targeting altered metabolic pathways related with the glucose metabolism has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of glucose metabolism in chemo- and radio-resistance malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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89
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Chen YT, Chen FW, Chang TH, Wang TW, Hsu TP, Chi JY, Hsiao YW, Li CF, Wang JM. Hepatoma-derived growth factor supports the antiapoptosis and profibrosis of pancreatic stellate cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:180-190. [PMID: 31078734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is refractory and is characterized by extensively surrounding and intratumor fibrotic reactions that are contributed by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Herein, we show that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (CEBPD) responds to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) through reciprocal loop regulation and that activated hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) further contributes to the upregulation of the hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) gene. Secreted HDGF contributes to the antiapoptosis of PSCs and consequently leads to the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins for stabilizing PSC/pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) tumor foci. This result agrees with the observation that severe stromal growth positively correlated with stromal HDGF and CEBPD expression in pancreatic cancer specimens. Collectively, the identification of the TGF-β1-activated CEBPD/HIF-1α/HDGF axis provides new insights into novel discoveries of HDGF in the antiapoptosis and profibrosis of PSCs and the outgrowth of PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Research Department, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hao Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Wen Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Po Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Chi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Medical Research Department, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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90
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Looi CK, Chung FFL, Leong CO, Wong SF, Rosli R, Mai CW. Therapeutic challenges and current immunomodulatory strategies in targeting the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:162. [PMID: 30987642 PMCID: PMC6463646 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal type of cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5%. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. To date, no effective treatment options have demonstrated long-term benefits in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Compared with other cancers, pancreatic cancer exhibits remarkable resistance to conventional therapy and possesses a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). MAIN BODY In this review, we summarized the evidence and unique properties of TME in pancreatic cancer that may contribute to its resistance towards immunotherapies as well as strategies to overcome those barriers. We reviewed the current strategies and future perspectives of combination therapies that (1) promote T cell priming through tumor associated antigen presentation; (2) inhibit tumor immunosuppressive environment; and (3) break-down the desmoplastic barrier which improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes entry into the TME. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative for clinicians and scientists to understand tumor immunology, identify novel biomarkers, and optimize the position of immunotherapy in therapeutic sequence, in order to improve pancreatic cancer clinical trial outcomes. Our collaborative efforts in targeting pancreatic TME will be the mainstay of achieving better clinical prognosis among pancreatic cancer patients. Ultimately, pancreatic cancer will be a treatable medical condition instead of a death sentence for a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-King Looi
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE) International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shew-Fung Wong
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- 0000 0001 2231 800Xgrid.11142.37UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Kembangan, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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91
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Schnittert J, Bansal R, Prakash J. Targeting Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:128-142. [PMID: 30755305 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the major contributor to the aggressive, metastatic, and resilient nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 8%. PSCs constitute more than 50% of the tumor stroma in PDAC, where they induce extensive desmoplasia by secreting abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition, they establish dynamic crosstalk with cancer cells and other stromal cells, which collectively supports tumor progression via various inter- and intracellular pathways. These cellular interactions and associated pathways may reveal novel therapeutic opportunities against this unmet clinical problem. In this review article, we discuss the role of PSCs in inducing tumor progression, their crosstalk with other cells, and therapeutic strategies to target PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schnittert
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; ScarTec Therapeutics BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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92
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Mu W, Wang Z, Zöller M. Ping-Pong-Tumor and Host in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1359. [PMID: 31921628 PMCID: PMC6927459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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93
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Lesinski GB. Stressing for sugar: a new role of serotonin for glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 32542235 DOI: 10.21037/apc.2018.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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94
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Identification of hub genes and analysis of prognostic values in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics methods. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1799-1807. [PMID: 30173393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, and more molecular mechanisms should be illuminated to meet the urgent need of developing novel detection and therapeutic strategies. We analyzed the related microarray data to find the possible hub genes and analyzed their prognostic values using bioinformatics methods. The mRNA microarray datasets GSE62452, GSE15471, GSE102238, GSE16515, and GSE62165 were finally chosen and analyzed using GEO2R. The overlapping genes were found by Venn Diagrams, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. OncoLnc, which was linked to TCGA survival data, was used to investigate the prognostic values. In total, 179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in PDAC, among which, 130 were up-regulated genes and 49 were down-regulated. DAVID showed that the up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix and structure organization, collagen catabolic and metabolic process, while the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in proteolysis, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, homeostatic process and cellular response to starvation. From the PPI network, the 21 nodes with the highest degree were screened as hub genes. Based on Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in, the top module was formed by ALB, TGM, PLAT, PLAU, EGF, MMP7, MMP1, LAMC2, LAMA3, LAMB3, COLA1, FAP, CDH11, COL3A1, ITGA2, and VCAN. OncoLnc survival analysis showed that, high expression of ITGA2, MMP7, ITGB4, ITGA3, VCAN and PLAU may predict poor survival results in PDAC. The present study identified hub genes and pathways in PDAC, which may be potential targets for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction.
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95
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Ren B, Cui M, Yang G, Wang H, Feng M, You L, Zhao Y. Tumor microenvironment participates in metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:108. [PMID: 30060755 PMCID: PMC6065152 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality due to difficulties in its early diagnosis and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment induced by interactions between pancreatic epithelial/cancer cells and stromal cells is critical for pancreatic cancer progression and has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Microenvironment formation requires interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells. Components of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment that contribute to desmoplasia and immunosuppression are associated with poor patient prognosis. These components can facilitate desmoplasia and immunosuppression in primary and metastatic sites or can promote metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion/migration, and pre-metastatic niche formation. Some molecules participate in both microenvironment formation and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer microenvironment formation and discuss how the pancreatic cancer microenvironment participates in metastasis, representing a potential target for combination therapy to enhance overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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