51
|
Sobańska AW. Emerging or Underestimated Silica-Based Stationary Phases in Liquid Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:631-655. [PMID: 32482079 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1760782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several newly synthesized or forgotten silica-based stationary phases proposed for liquid chromatography are described, including non-endcapped, short-chain alkyl phases; hydrophilic and polar-endcapped stationary phases; polar-embedded alkyl phases; long-chain alkyl phases. Stationary phases with aromatic, cyanopropyl, diol and aminopropyl functionalities are also reviewed. Stationary phases of particular interest are biomolecular materials - based on immobilized cholesterol, aminoacids, peptides, proteins or lipoproteins. Packing materials involving macrocyclic chemistry (crown ethers; calixarenes; aza-macrocycles; oligo-and polysaccharides including these of marine origin - chitin- or chitosan-based; macrocyclic antibiotics) are discussed. Since many stationary phases developed for one type of applications (e.g. chiral separation) have been found useful in solving other analytical problems (e.g. drug's plasma protein binding ability), it seemed reasonable to discuss particular chemistries behind the stationary phases presented in this review rather than specific types of interactions or chromatographic modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mazzucchi L, Xu Y, Harvey P. Stereoisomers of Colourless Carotenoids from the Marine Microalga Dunaliella salina. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081880. [PMID: 32325762 PMCID: PMC7222010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise a diverse range of naturally occurring stereoisomers, which differ in their physico-chemical properties. Their biosynthesis begins with phytoene, which is a rarity among carotenoids because it is colourless. Phytoene is sought after as a skin protectant against harmful UV range B (290-320 nm) and C (100-290 nm) light, and as a natural skin-whitening agent and is synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form α- and β-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene. The marine microalga Dunaliella salina is the richest source of β-carotene, but it can accumulate phytoene and phytofluene as well. In the present study, different analytical tools including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography (UPC2-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used to characterize and quantify the phytoene isomeric configurations in D. salina in order to explore both the feasibility of D. salina as a cell factory for phytoene production and to gain new insight into the carotenoid synthesis pathway in D. salina. D. salina, similar to tomato, produced predominantly 15-cis phytoene isomer (>98%) and a trace amount of all-trans phytoene (<2%). High light stress, red light stress, or use of a phytoene desaturase inhibitor or a mitotic disrupter herbicide led to the accumulation of 15-cis phytoene but not all-trans phytoene. 9-cis phytoene was not detected in any of the extracts of D. salina biomass. Our main findings suggest that 15-cis phytoene is the most abundant isomer in D. salina and that it is subject to a series of isomerisation and desaturation reactions to form all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene.
Collapse
|
53
|
Wen X, Heller A, Wang K, Han Q, Ni Y, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Carotenogenesis and chromoplast development during ripening of yellow, orange and red colored Physalis fruit. PLANTA 2020; 251:95. [PMID: 32274590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of specific ultrastructural chromoplastidal elements during ripening of fruits of three different colored Physalis spp. is closely related to their distinct carotenoid profiles. The accumulation of color-determining carotenoids within the chromoplasts of ripening yellow, orange, and red fruit of Physalis pubescens L., Physalis peruviana L., and Physalis alkekengi L., respectively, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) as well as light and transmission electron microscopy. Both yellow and orange fruit gradually accumulated mainly β-carotene and lutein esters at variable levels, explaining their different colors at full ripeness. Upon commencing β-carotene biosynthesis, large crystals appeared in their chromoplasts, while large filaments protruding from plastoglobules were characteristic elements of chromoplasts of orange fruit. In contrast to yellow and orange fruit, fully ripe red fruit contained almost no β-carotene, but esters of both β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at very high levels. Tubule bundles and unusual disc-like crystallites were predominant carotenoid-bearing elements in red fruit. Our study supports the earlier hypothesis that the predominant carotenoid type might shape the ultrastructural carotenoid deposition form, which is considered important for color, stability and bioavailability of the contained carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianyun Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Gatamaneni Loganathan B, Orsat V, Lefsrud M, Wu BS. A comprehensive study on the effect of light quality imparted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the physiological and biochemical properties of the microalgal consortia of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in dairy wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1445-1455. [PMID: 32270294 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light wavelengths on the physiological, biochemical and lutein content of the microalgal consortia Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus was evaluated using different light sources. Among different light treatments, cool-white fluorescent light produced the highest biomass of 673 mg L-1 with a specific growth rate of 0.75 day-1 followed by blue (500 mg L-1; 0.73 day-1). The chlorophyll content was enhanced under blue light (10.7 mg L-1) followed by cool fluorescent light (9.3 mg L-1), whereas the lutein productivity was enhanced under cool fluorescent light (7.22 mg g-1). Protein content of the microalgal consortia was enhanced under all light treatments with the highest protein accumulation under cool-white fluorescent light (~56% of dry mass) closely followed by amber light (52% of dry mass), whereas the carbohydrate content was higher under amber light (~35% of dry mass). The results revealed that the consortia could grow well on diluted dairy wastewater thereby reducing the cost of algal production when compared with the use of inorganic media and a two-phase culture process utilizing cool fluorescent and amber light could be employed for maximizing algal biomass and nutrient composition with enhanced lutein production. The study also emphasizes on the economic efficiency of LED lights in terms of biomass produced based on the modest electricity consumed and the importance of using amber light for cultivating microalgae for its nutrient content which has seldom been studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhalamurugan Gatamaneni Loganathan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Bo Sen Wu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Miura M, Sakai M, Nogami M, Sato M, Yatsushiro T. A rapid LC–MS/MS method for lutein quantification in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
56
|
Cruet-Burgos C, Cox S, Ioerger BP, Perumal R, Hu Z, Herald TJ, Bean SR, Rhodes DH. Advancing provitamin A biofortification in sorghum: Genome-wide association studies of grain carotenoids in global germplasm. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20013. [PMID: 33016639 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] is a major cereal crop consumed by millions of people in regions with high vitamin A deficiency. We quantified carotenoid concentrations in a diverse sorghum panel using high-performance liquid chromatography and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of grain carotenoids to identify genes underlying carotenoid variation. There was moderate variation for β-carotene (00.8 μg g-1 ), lutein (0.3-9.4 μg g-1 ), and zeaxanthin (0.2-9.1 μg g-1 ), but β-cryptoxanthin and α-carotene were nearly undetectable. Genotype had the largest effect size, at 81% for zeaxanthin, 62% for β-carotene, and 53% for lutein. Using multiple models, GWAS identified several significant associations between carotenoids and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which colocalized with known carotenoid genes that have not been previously implicated in carotenoid variation. Several of the candidate genes identified have also been identified in maize (Zea mays L.) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) carotenoid GWAS studies. Notably, an SNP inside the putative ortholog of maize zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) had the most significant association with zeaxanthin and with the ratio between lutein and zeaxanthin, suggesting that ZEP is a major gene controlling sorghum carotenoid variation. Overall findings suggest there is oligogenic inheritance for sorghum carotenoids and suitable variation for marker-assisted selection. The high carotenoid germplasm and significant associations identified in this study can be used in biofortification efforts to improve the nutritional quality of sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cruet-Burgos
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Sarah Cox
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Brian P Ioerger
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University, Hays, KS, 67601, USA
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Thomas J Herald
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Scott R Bean
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Davina H Rhodes
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fu HY, Liu SL, Chiang YR. Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid as a Glucose-Induced Photoprotective Process in the Extremophilic Red Alga Galdieria partita. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3005. [PMID: 31993036 PMCID: PMC6971183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extremophilic red alga Galdieria partita is a facultative heterotroph that occupies mostly low-light microhabitats. However, the exceptional detection of abundant populations of G. partita in sunlight-exposed soil raises the possibility that exogenous organic carbon sources protect cells from photo-oxidative damage. The present study aimed to identify the photoprotective process activated by exogenous glucose under photo-oxidative stress. We demonstrated that exogenous glucose mitigated the photo-oxidative damage of cells exposed to 300 μmol photons m–2 s–1 photosynthetic active radiation. Photosynthesis carbon assimilation scarcely contributed to the cell growth in the presence of glucose, but the photosynthetic apparatus was nevertheless maintained and protected by glucose in a concentration-dependent manner. Supplementation of glucose increased expression of the L-gulonolactone oxidase gene essential for ascorbic acid biosynthesis, whereas no enhanced expression of the genes involved in carotenoid or tocopherol biosynthesis was observed. Under the photo-oxidative stress condition, the ascorbic acid content was strongly enhanced by exogenous glucose. We propose that the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid is one of the major photoprotective processes induced by exogenous glucose. The elucidation of how ascorbic acid is involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species provides key insights into the photoprotective mechanism in red algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science and Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Varas Condori MA, Pascual Chagman GJ, Barriga-Sanchez M, Villegas Vilchez LF, Ursetta S, Guevara Pérez A, Hidalgo A. Effect of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lycopene-rich extract on the kinetics of rancidity and shelf-life of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil. Food Chem 2020; 302:125327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
59
|
Junker-Frohn LV, Lück M, Schmittgen S, Wensing J, Carraresi L, Thiele B, Groher T, Reimer JJ, Bröring S, Noga G, Jupke A, Schurr U, Usadel B, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Wormit A. Tomato's Green Gold: Bioeconomy Potential of Residual Tomato Leaf Biomass as a Novel Source for the Secondary Metabolite Rutin. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19071-19080. [PMID: 31763530 PMCID: PMC6868607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the annual horticultural production cycle of greenhouse-grown crops, large quantities of residual biomass are discarded. Here, we propose a new value chain to utilize horticultural leaf biomass for the extraction of secondary metabolites. To increase the secondary metabolite content of leaves, greenhouse-grown crop plants were exposed to low-cost abiotic stress treatments after the last fruit harvest. As proof of concept, we evaluated the production of the flavonoid rutin in tomato plants subjected to nitrogen deficiency. In an interdisciplinary approach, we observed the steady accumulation of rutin in young plants under nitrogen deficiency, tested the applicability of nitrogen deficiency in a commercial-like greenhouse, developed a high efficiency extraction for rutin, and evaluated the acceptance of the proposed value chain by its key actors economically. On the basis of the positive interdisciplinary evaluation, we identified opportunities and challenges for the successful establishment of horticultural leaf biomass as a novel source for secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Junker-Frohn
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lück
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Schmittgen
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joana Wensing
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Carraresi
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tanja Groher
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia J. Reimer
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bröring
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Noga
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Drapal M, Fraser PD. Determination of carotenoids in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., Lam) tubers: Implications for accurate provitamin A determination in staple sturdy tuber crops. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 167:112102. [PMID: 31466009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a global health problem, which despite significant financial investments and initiatives has not been eradicated. Biofortification of staple crops with β-carotene (provitamin A) in Low Medium Income Countries (LMICs) is the approach advocated and adopted by the WHO and HarvestPlus programme. The accurate determination of β-carotene is key to the assessment of outputs from these activities. In the present study, HPLC-PDA analysis displayed superior resolving power, separating and identifying 23 carotenoids in the orange sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) variety used, including only eight carotenoids with provitamin A properties. Additionally, the results evidently displayed that the use of lyophilised material facilitated the extraction of twice the amount of pigments compared to fresh material, which impacts the precise calculation of the provitamin A content. These results highlight that yellow to orange starchy edible crops produce a wide array of carotenoids in addition to β-carotene. Biosynthetically it is clear from the intermediates and products accumulating that the β-branch of the carotenoid pathway persists in sweet potato tuber material. Collectively, the data also have implications with respect to the determination and biosynthesis of provitamin A among staple crops for developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Saha S, Walia S, Sharma K, Banerjee K. Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2856-2873. [PMID: 31621391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1665494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C18 column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C18 phases, C30 phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C30 column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Carvalho DG, Sebben JA, de Moura NF, Trierweiler JO, Espindola JDS. Raman spectroscopy for monitoring carotenoids in processed Bunchosia glandulifera pulps. Food Chem 2019; 294:565-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
63
|
Koul A, Sharma D, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Identification and in silico characterization of cis-acting elements of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:287. [PMID: 31297303 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, the widespread and structurally diverse class of pigments, accumulate in the fruits of tomato plants in a tissue specific manner. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes have been cloned and characterized in tomato and other plants, however, its regulation is still obscure. We collected and analyzed forty different accessions of tomato for the present study. HPLC analysis revealed differential accumulation of major carotenoids (lycopene and ß-carotene) in the ripe fruit tissue. In order to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, we sequenced the cis-acting elements i.e. promoter, 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the carotenoid pathway genes, in all accessions, followed by their in silico validation. Major differences observed in the CAAT Box, Opaque-2 Box and L-box in the promoters of carotenoid isomerase and lycopene-beta cyclase genes, respectively, along with the variations in musashi binding element of 5' untranslated regions of the carotenoid isomerase gene, suggest their differential role in regulating the carotenogenesis process in tomato. The binding sites for various transcription factors namely RIN, AGAMOUS, CRY, RAP2.2 and PIF1 on the promoters of important carotenoid pathway genes were predicted in silico. We propose that expression of carotenoid genes and also the formation of protein product in ripe tomato fruits, is regulated efficiently by the binding of these transcription factors at selected sites in the promoter region. Finally, the differential expression of the above-mentioned genes in different developmental tissues supports the possible involvement of promoters and untranslated regions in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation process. The present study has generated significant information concerning regulatory players involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato.
Collapse
|
64
|
Dzakovich MP, Gas-Pascual E, Orchard CJ, Sari EN, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Francis DM, Cooperstone JL. Analysis of Tomato Carotenoids: Comparing Extraction and Chromatographic Methods. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:1069-1079. [PMID: 30786953 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.19-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are an economically and nutritionally important crop colored by carotenoids such as lycopene and β-carotene. Market diversification and interest in the health benefits of carotenoids has created the desire in plant, food, and nutritional scientists for improved extraction and quantification protocols that avoid the analytical bottlenecks caused by current methods. Objective: Our objective was to compare standard and rapid extraction as well as chromatographic separation methods for tomato carotenoids. Method: Comparison was based on accuracy and the ability to discriminate between alleles and genetic backgrounds. Estimates of the contribution to variance in the presence of genetic and environmental effects were further used for comparison. Selections of cherry and processing tomatoes with varying carotenoid profiles were assessed using both established extraction and HPLC-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) methods and rapid extraction and ultra-HPLC-DAD (UHPLC-DAD) protocols. Results: Discrimination of alleles in samples extracted rapidly (<5 min/sample) was similar to samples extracted using a standard method (10 min/sample), although carotenoid concentrations were lower due to reduced extraction efficiency. Quantification by HPLC-DAD (21.5 min/sample) and UHPLC-DAD (4.2 min/sample) were comparable, but the UHPLC-DAD method could not separate all carotenoids and isomers of tangerine tomatoes. Random effects modeling indicated that extraction and chromatographic methods explained a small proportion of variance compared with genetic and environmental sources. Conclusions: The rapid extraction and UHPLC-DAD methods could enhance throughput for some applications compared with standard protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dzakovich
- The Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Elisabet Gas-Pascual
- The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Caleb J Orchard
- The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Eka N Sari
- The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Ken M Riedl
- The Ohio State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- The Ohio State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - David M Francis
- The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- The Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Hussain A, Pu H, Sun DW. Measurements of lycopene contents in fruit: A review of recent developments in conventional and novel techniques. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:758-769. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1518896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Collese TS, Vatavuk-Serrati G, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, De Moraes ACF, Carvalho HB. What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101396. [PMID: 30275419 PMCID: PMC6212808 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with improved health outcomes in children. As an extensive number of questionnaires are currently used to assess fruit and vegetable consumption, we performed a systematic review of the criterion validity of questionnaires used to estimate fruit and vegetable consumption in children, considering blood biomarkers as the reference method. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched from database inception to 23 July 2018. The search strategy used the following sets of descriptors: children; fruits and vegetables; dietary questionnaires; blood biomarkers; and validation coefficient. The search terms were adapted for use with other databases in combination with database-specific filters. Potentially eligible articles were selected independently by two reviewers, separately, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The main reason for study exclusion was the sample age range, which included adolescents. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.40).This review provided insights into assessment methods of fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Although further studies are required, questionnaires for assessing fruit and vegetable consumption have fair criterion validity in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Collese
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Vatavuk-Serrati
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Development of a Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Method with Multichannel Selective Wavelength Detection for the Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene and Six of Its Isomers. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
68
|
Rapid and easy carotenoid quantification in Ghanaian starchy staples using RP-HPLC-PDA. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
69
|
|
70
|
Kumar R, Tamboli V, Sharma R, Sreelakshmi Y. NAC-NOR mutations in tomato Penjar accessions attenuate multiple metabolic processes and prolong the fruit shelf life. Food Chem 2018; 259:234-244. [PMID: 29680049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several Penjar accessions of tomato grown in the Mediterranean exhibit prolonged shelf life and harbor alcobaca mutation. To uncover the metabolic basis underlying shelf life, we compared four Penjar accessions to Ailsa Craig. Three accessions bore alcobaca mutation, whereas the fourth was a novel NAC-NOR allele. Cuticle composition of Penjars varied widely during fruit ripening. All Penjars exhibited delayed ripening, prolonged on-vine and off-vine shelf life, low ethylene emission, and carotenoid levels. Metabolic profiling revealed shifts in Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, and γ-aminobutyric acid levels indicating the attenuation of respiration in Penjars during post-harvest storage. Penjar fruits also showed concerted downregulation of several cell-wall modifying genes and related metabolites. The high ABA and sucrose levels at the onset of senescence in Penjar fruits likely contribute to reduced water loss. Our analyses reveal that the attenuation of various metabolic processes by NAC-NOR mutation likely prolongs the shelf life of Penjar fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vajir Tamboli
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cobb BF, Kallenbach J, Hall CA, Pryor SW. Optimizing the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Corn Gluten Meal. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-2052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
72
|
Sebben JA, da Silveira Espindola J, Ranzan L, Fernandes de Moura N, Trierweiler LF, Trierweiler JO. Development of a quantitative approach using Raman spectroscopy for carotenoids determination in processed sweet potato. Food Chem 2017; 245:1224-1231. [PMID: 29287346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The orange-fleshed sweet potato is a vegetable-rich in carotenoids. The thermic treatment for sweet potato processing can decrease the content of these constituents in the foods, lowering their bioactive properties. Raman spectroscopy has been growing as a fast tool to food analysis, especially for detection of low concentrations of carotenoids and to the monitoring of its degradation profile over time. Therefore, in this work were evaluated two methods of drying, hot air and microwaving with rotary drum, combined with quantitative Raman spectroscopy. The results showed carotenoids degradation around 50% for both types of drying processes studied. PCA plot proved the potential of reproducibility of analyses for microwave drying samples. For samples heated with hot air, the best linear correlation achieved was R2 = 0.90 and by microwave was R2 = 0.88. Also, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were constructed obtaining a satisfactory coefficient of determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Antônio Sebben
- Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Process (GIMSCOP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Prédio 12204, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silveira Espindola
- Research Group in Natural Products, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Barão Caí, 2-274, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ranzan
- Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Process (GIMSCOP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Prédio 12204, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neusa Fernandes de Moura
- Research Group in Natural Products, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Barão Caí, 2-274, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ferreira Trierweiler
- Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Process (GIMSCOP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Prédio 12204, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jorge Otávio Trierweiler
- Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Process (GIMSCOP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Prédio 12204, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Etzbach L, Pfeiffer A, Weber F, Schieber A. Characterization of carotenoid profiles in goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits at various ripening stages and in different plant tissues by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS n. Food Chem 2017; 245:508-517. [PMID: 29287402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid profiles of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits differing in ripening states and in different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, and calyx of ripe fruits) were investigated by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MSn. Out of the 53 carotenoids detected, 42 were tentatively identified. The carotenoid profile of unripe fruits is dominated by (all-E)-lutein (51%), whereas in ripe fruits, (all-E)-β-carotene (55%) and several carotenoid fatty acid esters, especially lutein esters esterified with myristic and palmitic acid as monoesters or diesters, were found. In overripe fruits, carotenoid conversion products and a higher proportion of carotenoid monoesters to diesters compared to ripe fruits were observed. Overripe fruits showed a significant decrease in total carotenoids of about 31% due to degradation. The observed conversion and degradation processes included epoxidation, isomerization, and deesterification. The peel of ripe goldenberries showed a 2.8 times higher total carotenoid content of 332.00 µg/g dw compared to the pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Etzbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anne Pfeiffer
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kilambi HV, Manda K, Rai A, Charakana C, Bagri J, Sharma R, Sreelakshmi Y. Green-fruited Solanum habrochaites lacks fruit-specific carotenogenesis due to metabolic and structural blocks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4803-4819. [PMID: 29048567 PMCID: PMC5853803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Members of the tomato clade exhibit a wide diversity in fruit color, but the mechanisms governing inter-species diversity of coloration are largely unknown. The carotenoid profiles, carotenogenic gene expression and proteome profiles of green-fruited Solanum habrochaites (SH), orange-fruited S. galapagense, and red-fruited S. pimpinellifolium were compared with cultivated tomato [S. lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig (SL)] to decipher the molecular basis of coloration diversity. Green-fruited SH, though it showed normal expression of chromoplast-specific phytoene synthase1 and lycopene β-cyclase genes akin to orange/red-fruited species, failed to accumulate lycopene and β-carotene. The SH phytoene synthase1 cDNA encoded an enzymatically active protein, whereas the lycopene β-cyclase cDNA was barely active. Consistent with its green-fruited nature, SH's fruits retained chloroplast structure and PSII activity, and had impaired chlorophyll degradation with high pheophorbide a levels. Comparison of the fruit proteomes with SL revealed retention of the proteome complement related to photosynthesis in SH. Targeted peptide monitoring revealed a low abundance of key carotenogenic and sequestration proteins in SH compared with tomato. The green-fruitedness of SH appears to stem from blocks at several critical steps regulating fruit-specific carotenogenesis namely the absence of chloroplast to chromoplast transformation, block in carotenoid biosynthesis, and a dearth of carotenoid sequestering proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalyani Manda
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Avanish Rai
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chaitanya Charakana
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayram Bagri
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Li J, Xie J, Yu J, Lv J, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang C, Tang C, Zhang Y, Dawuda MM, Zhu D, Ma G. Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Quantification and Optimization for Extracting 10 Kinds of Carotenoids in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8475-8488. [PMID: 28841370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are considered to be crucial elements in many fields and, furthermore, the significant factor in pepper leaves under low light and chilling temperature. However, little literature focused on the method to determinate and extract the contents of carotenoid compositions in pepper leaves. Therefore, a time-saving and highly sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for separation and quantification of 10 carotenoids was developed, and an optimized technological process for carotenoid composition extraction in pepper leaves was established for the first time. Our final method concluded that six xanthophylls eluted after about 9-26 min. In contrast, four carotenes showed higher retention times after nearly 28-40 min, which significantly shortened time and improved efficiency. Meanwhile, we suggested that 8 mL of 20% KOH-methanol solution should be added to perform saponification at 60 °C for 30 min. The ratio of solid-liquid was 1:8, and the ultrasound-assisted extraction time was 40 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
- Vegetable Institution of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science , Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), University for Development Studies , Post Office Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Daiqiang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University , Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Yoo HJ, Park WJ, Lee GM, Oh CS, Yeam I, Won DC, Kim CK, Lee JM. Inferring the Genetic Determinants of Fruit Colors in Tomato by Carotenoid Profiling. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050764. [PMID: 28481314 PMCID: PMC6154295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for plant and animal nutrition, and are important factors in the variation of pigmentation in fruits, leaves, and flowers. Tomato is a model crop for studying the biology and biotechnology of fleshy fruits, particularly for understanding carotenoid biosynthesis. In commercial tomato cultivars and germplasms, visual phenotyping of the colors of ripe fruits can be done easily. However, subsequent analysis of metabolic profiling is necessary for hypothesizing genetic factors prior to performing time-consuming genetic analysis. We used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), employing a C30 reverse-phase column, to efficiently resolve nine carotenoids and isomers of several carotenoids in yellow, orange, and red colored ripe tomatoes. High content of lycopene was detected in red tomatoes. The orange tomatoes contained three dominant carotenoids, namely δ-carotene, β-carotene, and prolycopene. The yellow tomatoes showed low levels of carotenoids compared to red or orange tomatoes. Based on the HPLC profiles, genes responsible for overproducing δ-carotene and prolycopene were described as lycopene ε-cyclase and carotenoid isomerase, respectively. Subsequent genetic analysis using DNA markers for segregating population and germplasms were conducted to confirm the hypothesis. This study establishes the usefulness of metabolic profiling for inferring the genetic determinants of fruit color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Yoo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea.
| | - Gyu-Myung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Inhwa Yeam
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongbuk 36729, Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Won
- Breeding Institute, Nongwoo Bio Co., Ltd., Yeoju, Gyeonggi 12655, Korea.
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Granado-Lorencio F, Blanco-Navarro I, Pérez-Sacristán B, Hernández-Álvarez E. Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability. Food Res Int 2017; 99:902-916. [PMID: 28847427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers constitutes an essential tool to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids in humans. The present article aims to review several methodological, host-related and modulating factors relevant on assessing and interpreting carotenoid bioavailability. Markers for carotenoid bioavailability can be broadly divided into direct, biochemical or "analytical" markers and indirect, physiological or "functional" indicators. Analytical markers usually refer to biochemical indicators of intake and/or status (short and long term exposure) while functional measures may be interpreted in terms of cumulative exposure, biological effect (bioactivity) or modification of risk factors. Both types of markers display advantages and limitations but, in general, a relationship exists among the type of marker, the biological specimen needed and the time required for a change. Humans may absorb a wide range of carotenes and xanthophylls and many of them may be found in serum and tissues. However, under physiological conditions, the several classes of dietary carotenoids may behave unequally leading to a different systemic profile and, moreover, they can be selectively accumulated at target tissues. In addition, some carotenoids may be chemically and enzymatically modified generating different oxidative metabolites and apocarotenoids. Quantitatively, the biological response upon carotenoid intervention (assessed by analytical and functional markers) is highly variable but the use of large doses and long-term protocols may lead to saturation effects and the loss of linearity in the response. Also, despite carotenoid exposition is considered to be safe, markers of overexposure include clinical signs (i.e. carotenodermia, corneal rings and retinopathy) and biochemical indicators (hypercarotenemia, xanthophyll esters). Overall, both host-related and methodological factors may influence analytical and functional markers to assess carotenoid bioavailability although the different subclasses of carotenoids may not be equally affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Granado-Lorencio
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Blanco-Navarro
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Sacristán
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain
| | - E Hernández-Álvarez
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Simultaneous determination of 13 carotenoids by a simple C18 column-based ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography method for carotenoid profiling in the astaxanthin-accumulating Haematococcus pluvialis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1488:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
79
|
Junker LV, Ensminger I. Fast detection of leaf pigments and isoprenoids for ecophysiological studies, plant phenotyping and validating remote-sensing of vegetation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:369-381. [PMID: 27616618 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid developments in remote-sensing of vegetation and high-throughput precision plant phenotyping promise a range of real-life applications using leaf optical properties for non-destructive assessment of plant performance. Use of leaf optical properties for assessing plant performance requires the ability to use photosynthetic pigments as proxies for physiological properties and the ability to detect these pigments fast, reliably and at low cost. We describe a simple and cost-effective protocol for the rapid analysis of chlorophylls, carotenoids and tocopherols using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Many existing methods are based on the expensive solvent acetonitrile, take a long time or do not include lutein epoxide and α-carotene. We aimed to develop an HPLC method which separates all major chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as lutein epoxide, α-carotene and α-tocopherol. Using a C30 -column and a mobile phase with a gradient of methanol, methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) and water, our method separates the above pigments and isoprenoids within 28 min. The broad applicability of our method is demonstrated using samples from various plant species and tissue types, e.g. leaves of Arabidopsis and avocado plants, several deciduous and conifer tree species, various crops, stems of parasitic dodder, fruit of tomato, roots of carrots and Chlorella algae. In comparison to previous methods, our method is very affordable, fast and versatile and can be used to analyze all major photosynthetic pigments that contribute to changes in leaf optical properties and which are of interest in most ecophysiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Junker
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Abteilung Waldnaturschutz, Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, 79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Bodanapu R, Gupta SK, Basha PO, Sakthivel K, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Nitric Oxide Overproduction in Tomato shr Mutant Shifts Metabolic Profiles and Suppresses Fruit Growth and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1714. [PMID: 27965677 PMCID: PMC5124567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in growth and disease resistance in plants. It also acts as a secondary messenger in signaling pathways for several plant hormones. Despite its clear role in regulating plant development, its role in fruit development is not known. In an earlier study, we described a short root (shr) mutant of tomato, whose phenotype results from hyperaccumulation of NO. The molecular mapping localized shr locus in 2.5 Mb region of chromosome 9. The shr mutant showed sluggish growth, with smaller leaves, flowers and was less fertile than wild type. The shr mutant also showed reduced fruit size and slower ripening of the fruits post-mature green stage to the red ripe stage. Comparison of the metabolite profiles of shr fruits with wild-type fruits during ripening revealed a significant shift in the patterns. In shr fruits intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were differentially regulated than WT indicating NO affected the regulation of TCA cycle. The accumulation of several amino acids, particularly tyrosine, was higher, whereas most fatty acids were downregulated in shr fruits. Among the plant hormones at one or more stages of ripening, ethylene, Indole-3-acetic acid and Indole-3-butyric acid increased in shr, whereas abscisic acid declined. Our analyses indicate that the retardation of fruit growth and ripening in shr mutant likely results from the influence of NO on central carbon metabolism and endogenous phytohormones levels.
Collapse
|
81
|
Irakli M, Chatzopoulou P, Kadoglidou K, Tsivelika N. Optimization and development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E and carotenoids in tomato fruits. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3348-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irakli
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter; Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute; Thermi Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter; Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute; Thermi Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kadoglidou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter; Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute; Thermi Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Nektaria Tsivelika
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter; Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute; Thermi Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Kilambi HV, Manda K, Sanivarapu H, Maurya VK, Sharma R, Sreelakshmi Y. Shotgun Proteomics of Tomato Fruits: Evaluation, Optimization and Validation of Sample Preparation Methods and Mass Spectrometric Parameters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:969. [PMID: 27446192 PMCID: PMC4925719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An optimized protocol was developed for shotgun proteomics of tomato fruit, which is a recalcitrant tissue due to a high percentage of sugars and secondary metabolites. A number of protein extraction and fractionation techniques were examined for optimal protein extraction from tomato fruits followed by peptide separation on nanoLCMS. Of all evaluated extraction agents, buffer saturated phenol was the most efficient. In-gel digestion [SDS-PAGE followed by separation on LCMS (GeLCMS)] of phenol-extracted sample yielded a maximal number of proteins. For in-solution digested samples, fractionation by strong anion exchange chromatography (SAX) also gave similar high proteome coverage. For shotgun proteomic profiling, optimization of mass spectrometry parameters such as automatic gain control targets (5E+05 for MS, 1E+04 for MS/MS); ion injection times (500 ms for MS, 100 ms for MS/MS); resolution of 30,000; signal threshold of 500; top N-value of 20 and fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation yielded the highest number of proteins. Validation of the above protocol in two tomato cultivars demonstrated its reproducibility, consistency, and robustness with a CV of < 10%. The protocol facilitated the detection of five-fold higher number of proteins compared to published reports in tomato fruits. The protocol outlined would be useful for high-throughput proteome analysis from tomato fruits and can be applied to other recalcitrant tissues.
Collapse
|
83
|
Almeida J, Azevedo MDS, Spicher L, Glauser G, vom Dorp K, Guyer L, del Valle Carranza A, Asis R, de Souza AP, Buckeridge M, Demarco D, Bres C, Rothan C, Peres LEP, Hörtensteiner S, Kessler F, Dörmann P, Carrari F, Rossi M. Down-regulation of tomato PHYTOL KINASE strongly impairs tocopherol biosynthesis and affects prenyllipid metabolism in an organ-specific manner. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:919-34. [PMID: 26596763 PMCID: PMC4737080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherol, a compound with vitamin E (VTE) activity, is a conserved constituent of the plastidial antioxidant network in photosynthetic organisms. The synthesis of tocopherol involves the condensation of an aromatic head group with an isoprenoid prenyl side chain. The latter, phytyl diphosphate, can be derived from chlorophyll phytol tail recycling, which depends on phytol kinase (VTE5) activity. How plants co-ordinate isoprenoid precursor distribution for supplying biosynthesis of tocopherol and other prenyllipids in different organs is poorly understood. Here, Solanum lycopersicum plants impaired in the expression of two VTE5-like genes identified by phylogenetic analyses, named SlVTE5 and SlFOLK, were characterized. Our data show that while SlFOLK does not affect tocopherol content, the production of this metabolite is >80% dependent on SlVTE5 in tomato, in both leaves and fruits. VTE5 deficiency greatly impacted lipid metabolism, including prenylquinones, carotenoids, and fatty acid phytyl esters. However, the prenyllipid profile greatly differed between source and sink organs, revealing organ-specific metabolic adjustments in tomato. Additionally, VTE5-deficient plants displayed starch accumulation and lower CO2 assimilation in leaves associated with mild yield penalty. Taken together, our results provide valuable insights into the distinct regulation of isoprenoid metabolism in leaves and fruits and also expose the interaction between lipid and carbon metabolism, which results in carbohydrate export blockage in the VTE5-deficient plants, affecting tomato fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Livia Spicher
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luzia Guyer
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ramón Asis
- CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amanda Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Buckeridge
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRA and Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- INRA and Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Félix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, PO Box 25, B1712WAA, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Saini RK, Nile SH, Park SW. Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities. Food Res Int 2015; 76:735-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|