51
|
Akazawa K, Kagara N, Sota Y, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Miyake T, Tanei T, Naoi Y, Shimoda M, Kim SJ, Noguchi S, Shimazu K. Comparison of the multigene panel test and OncoScan™ for the determination of HER2 amplification in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:217. [PMID: 34396441 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic accuracy of the multigene panel test (MPT) and OncoScan™ in the determination of HER2 amplification in breast tumors remains controversial. In the present study, HER2 copy number was analyzed using both MPT and OncoScan™ in 45 breast tumors and was compared with that in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Tumors with low cellularity were examined using tumor cell enrichment and fluorescence‑activated cell sorting. Both MPT and OncoScan™ exhibited significant correlations with FISH with respect to the determination of HER2 amplification in breast tumors. However, the correlation coefficient was significantly higher for the comparison of MPT and FISH (r=0.770) compared with that between OncoScan™ and FISH (r=0.564). The accuracy of MPT (93.3%) was slightly higher compared with that in OncoScan™ (84.4%) in determining the HER2 status, which was mostly explained by the higher sensitivity of MPT in tumors with low cellularity (83.3 vs. 33.3%), but not in those with high cellularity (81.8 vs. 72.7%). The specificity was 100% for both tests. The MPT exhibited higher sensitivity in the determination of the amplification of other genes, including MYC, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and GATA binding protein 3 in tumors with low cellularity compared with that in tumors with high cellularity. OncoScan™ exhibited low sensitivity without tumor cell enrichment. The results suggested that MPT could be a promising method to determine HER2 status in breast tumors and that it could exhibit improved accuracy compared with that in OncoScan™ in tumors with low cellularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Akazawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kagara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sota
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tanei
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yasuto Naoi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Seung Jin Kim
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Noguchi
- Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662‑0918, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
He S, Schein A, Sarsani V, Flaherty P. A BAYESIAN NONPARAMETRIC MODEL FOR INFERRING SUBCLONAL POPULATIONS FROM STRUCTURED DNA SEQUENCING DATA. Ann Appl Stat 2021; 15:925-951. [PMID: 34262633 DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There are distinguishing features or "hallmarks" of cancer that are found across tumors, individuals, and types of cancer, and these hallmarks can be driven by specific genetic mutations. Yet, within a single tumor there is often extensive genetic heterogeneity as evidenced by single-cell and bulk DNA sequencing data. The goal of this work is to jointly infer the underlying genotypes of tumor subpopulations and the distribution of those subpopulations in individual tumors by integrating single-cell and bulk sequencing data. Understanding the genetic composition of the tumor at the time of treatment is important in the personalized design of targeted therapeutic combinations and monitoring for possible recurrence after treatment. We propose a hierarchical Dirichlet process mixture model that incorporates the correlation structure induced by a structured sampling arrangement and we show that this model improves the quality of inference. We develop a representation of the hierarchical Dirichlet process prior as a Gamma-Poisson hierarchy and we use this representation to derive a fast Gibbs sampling inference algorithm using the augment-and-marginalize method. Experiments with simulation data show that our model outperforms standard numerical and statistical methods for decomposing admixed count data. Analyses of real acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer sequencing dataset shows that our model improves upon state-of-the-art bioinformatic methods. An interpretation of the results of our model on this real dataset reveals co-mutated loci across samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai He
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | | | - Vishal Sarsani
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Patrick Flaherty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Technical and biological constraints on ctDNA-based genotyping. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:995-1009. [PMID: 34219051 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables real-time genomic profiling of cancer without the need for tissue biopsy. ctDNA-based technology is seeing rapid uptake in clinical practice due to the potential to inform patient management from diagnosis to advanced disease. In metastatic disease, ctDNA can identify somatic mutations, copy-number variants (CNVs), and structural rearrangements that are predictive of therapy response. However, the ctDNA fraction (ctDNA%) is unpredictable and confounds variant detection strategies, undermining confidence in liquid biopsy results. Assay design also influences which types of genomic alterations are identifiable. Here, we describe the relationships between ctDNA%, methodology, and sensitivity-specificity for major classes of genomic alterations in prostate cancer. We provide recommendations to navigate the technical complexities that constrain the detection of clinically relevant genomic alterations in ctDNA.
Collapse
|
54
|
Hamm M, Sohier P, Petit V, Raymond JH, Delmas V, Le Coz M, Gesbert F, Kenny C, Aktary Z, Pouteaux M, Rambow F, Sarasin A, Charoenchon N, Bellacosa A, Sanchez-Del-Campo L, Mosteo L, Lauss M, Meijer D, Steingrimsson E, Jönsson GB, Cornell RA, Davidson I, Goding CR, Larue L. BRN2 is a non-canonical melanoma tumor-suppressor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3707. [PMID: 34140478 PMCID: PMC8211827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the major drivers of melanoma initiation, including activation of NRAS/BRAF and loss of PTEN or CDKN2A, have been identified, the role of key transcription factors that impose altered transcriptional states in response to deregulated signaling is not well understood. The POU domain transcription factor BRN2 is a key regulator of melanoma invasion, yet its role in melanoma initiation remains unknown. Here, in a BrafV600E PtenF/+ context, we show that BRN2 haplo-insufficiency promotes melanoma initiation and metastasis. However, metastatic colonization is less efficient in the absence of Brn2. Mechanistically, BRN2 directly induces PTEN expression and in consequence represses PI3K signaling. Moreover, MITF, a BRN2 target, represses PTEN transcription. Collectively, our results suggest that on a PTEN heterozygous background somatic deletion of one BRN2 allele and temporal regulation of the other allele elicits melanoma initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hamm
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sohier
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy H Raymond
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Le Coz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Colin Kenny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zackie Aktary
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie Pouteaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florian Rambow
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Nisamanee Charoenchon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Del-Campo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Mosteo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Lauss
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre of Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Göran B Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation radiobiologie et cancer, Orsay, France.
- Equipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chandramohan R, Kakkar N, Roy A, Parsons DW. reconCNV: interactive visualization of copy number data from high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1164-1167. [PMID: 32821910 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Copy number variation (CNV) is an important category of unbalanced structural rearrangement. While methods for detecting CNV in high-throughput targeted sequencing have become increasingly sophisticated, dedicated tools for interactive and dynamic visualization of CNV from these data are still lacking. We describe reconCNV, a tool that produces an interactive and annotated web-based dashboard for viewing and summarizing CNVs detected in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. reconCNV is designed to work with delimited result files from most NGS CNV callers with minor adjustments to the configuration file. The reconCNV output is an HTML file that is viewable on any modern web browser, requires no backend server, and can be readily appended to existing analysis pipelines. In addition to a standard CNV track for visualizing relative fold change and absolute copy number, the tool includes an auxiliary variant allele fraction track for visualizing underlying allelic imbalance and loss of heterozygosity. A feature to mask assay-specific technical artifacts and a direct HTML link out to the UCSC Genome Browser are also included to augment the reviewer experience. By providing a light-weight plugin for interactive visualization to existing NGS CNV pipelines, reconCNV can facilitate efficient NGS CNV visualization and interpretation in both research and clinical settings. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code and documentation including a tutorial can be accessed at https://github.com/rghu/reconCNV as well as a Docker image at https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/raghuc1990/reconcnv. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nipun Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Pereira B, Chen CT, Goyal L, Walmsley C, Pinto CJ, Baiev I, Allen R, Henderson L, Saha S, Reyes S, Taylor MS, Fitzgerald DM, Broudo MW, Sahu A, Gao X, Winckler W, Brannon AR, Engelman JA, Leary R, Stone JR, Campbell CD, Juric D. Cell-free DNA captures tumor heterogeneity and driver alterations in rapid autopsies with pre-treated metastatic cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3199. [PMID: 34045463 PMCID: PMC8160338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with metastatic cancer, spatial heterogeneity of somatic alterations may lead to incomplete assessment of a cancer's mutational profile when analyzing a single tumor biopsy. In this study, we perform sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and distinct metastatic tissue samples from ten rapid autopsy cases with pre-treated metastatic cancer. We show that levels of heterogeneity in genetic biomarkers vary between patients but that gene expression signatures representative of the tumor microenvironment are more consistent. Across nine patients with plasma samples available, we are able to detect 62/62 truncal and 47/121 non-truncal point mutations in cfDNA. We observe that mutation clonality in cfDNA is correlated with the number of metastatic lesions in which the mutation is detected and use this result to derive a clonality threshold to classify truncal and non-truncal driver alterations with reasonable specificity. In contrast, mutation truncality is more often incorrectly assigned when studying single tissue samples. Our results demonstrate the utility of a single cfDNA sample relative to that of single tissue samples when treating patients with metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pereira
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher T Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Walmsley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Pinto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Islam Baiev
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Read Allen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Henderson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Supriya Saha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Reyes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna M Fitzgerald
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maida Williams Broudo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Sahu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Winckler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Rose Brannon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Leary
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Distinct mutational backgrounds and clonal architectures implicated prognostic discrepancies in small-cell carcinomas of the esophagus and lung. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:472. [PMID: 33980813 PMCID: PMC8115141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is a rare and aggressive cancer. Although several consistent genomic changes were observed previously between SCCE and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), detailed mutational landscapes revealing discrepancies in genetic underpinnings of tumorigenesis between these two cancers are scarce, and little attention has been paid to answer whether these genetic alterations were related to the prognosis. Herein by performing whole-exome sequencing of 48 SCCE and 64 SCLC tumor samples, respectively we have shown that the number of driver mutations in SCCE was significantly lower than in SCLC (p = 0.0042). In SCCE, 46% of recurrent driver mutations were clonal, which occurred at an early stage during tumorigenesis, while 16 driver mutations were found clonal in SCLC. NOTCH1/3, PIK3CA, and ATM were specifically clonal in SCCE, while TP53 was clonal in SCLC. The total number of clonal mutations differed between two cancers and presented lower in SCCE compared to SCLC (p = 0.0036). Moreover, overall survival (OS) was shorter in patients with higher numbers of clonal mutations for both cancers. In summary, SCCE showed distinct mutational background and clonal architecture compared with SCLC. Organ-specific clonal events revealed different molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, tumor development, patients’ prognosis, and possible variations in therapeutic outcomes to candidate treatments.
Collapse
|
58
|
Aguado-Fraile E, Tassinari A, Ishii Y, Sigel C, Lowery MA, Goyal L, Gliser C, Jiang L, Pandya SS, Wu B, Bardeesy N, Choe S, Deshpande V. Molecular and morphological changes induced by ivosidenib correlate with efficacy in mutant- IDH1 cholangiocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2057-2074. [PMID: 33709779 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: IDH1 mutations occur in approximately 13% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCCs). The oral, targeted, mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) inhibitor ivosidenib (AG-120) suppresses production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, promoting disease stabilization and improved progression-free survival (PFS) in mIDH1 IHCC. Materials & methods: Harnessing matched baseline and on-treatment biopsies, we investigate the potential mechanisms underlying ivosidenib's efficacy. Results: mIDH1 inhibition leads to decreased cytoplasm and expression of hepatocyte lineage markers in patients with prolonged PFS. These findings are accompanied by downregulation of biliary fate, cell cycle progression and AKT pathway activity. Conclusion: Ivosidenib stimulates a hepatocyte differentiation program in mIDH1 IHCC, a phenotype associated with clinical benefit. mIDH1 inhibition could be a paradigm for differentiation-based therapy in solid tumors. Clinical trial registration: NCT02073994 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuko Ishii
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carlie Sigel
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Trinity St James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Liewen Jiang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Bin Wu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sung Choe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kim JE, Choi J, Sung CO, Hong YS, Kim SY, Lee H, Kim TW, Kim JI. High prevalence of TP53 loss and whole-genome doubling in early-onset colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:446-456. [PMID: 33753878 PMCID: PMC8080557 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is rapidly rising. However, the reason for this rise in incidence as well as the genomic characteristics of EO-CRC remain largely unknown. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 47 cases of EO-CRC and targeted deep sequencing in 833 cases of CRC. Mutational profiles of EO-CRC were compared with previously published large-scale studies. EO-CRC and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were further investigated according to copy number profiles and mutation timing. We classified colorectal cancer into three subgroups: the hypermutated group consisted of mutations in POLE and mismatch repair genes; the whole-genome doubling group had early functional loss of TP53 that led to whole-genome doubling and focal oncogene amplification; the genome-stable group had mutations in APC and KRAS, similar to conventional colon cancer. Among non-hypermutated samples, whole-genome doubling was more prevalent in early-onset than in late-onset disease (54% vs 38%, Fisher's exact P = 0.04). More than half of non-hypermutated EO-CRC cases involved early TP53 mutation and whole-genome doubling, which led to notable differences in mutation frequencies between age groups. Alternative carcinogenesis involving genomic instability via loss of TP53 may be related to the rise in EO-CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kim SJ, Sota Y, Naoi Y, Honma K, Kagara N, Miyake T, Shimoda M, Tanei T, Seno S, Matsuda H, Noguchi S, Shimazu K. Determining homologous recombination deficiency scores with whole exome sequencing and their association with responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100986. [PMID: 33340887 PMCID: PMC7750421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that homologous repair deficiency (HRD) score is a useful marker for response to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or platinum-based chemotherapy. We determined HRD scores and elucidated the clinicopathologic characteristics of HRD-high tumors and their response to non-platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary breast cancer patients (n = 120) were pre-operatively treated with paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (P-FEC). Germline and somatic homologous recombination related gene mutations (gHRRm and sHRRm, respectively) and HRD scores were analyzed using whole exome sequencing (WES) in tumor tissues obtained before chemotherapy. Of 120 tumors, 30 were determined to be HRD-high tumors, significantly associated with high Ki-67 (P = 0.014), ER negativity (P = 0.007), and PR negativity (P = 0.021). Triple-negative cancers showed significantly higher HRD scores than the luminal, luminal-HER2, and HER2 subtypes (P = 0.023, 0.016, and 0.033, respectively). HRD scores were significantly higher in tumors with gHRRm than in those with sHRRm (P = 0.002) or wild-type HRR genes (P = 1.44e-4), but no significant difference was found in HRD scores between tumors with sHRRm and wild-type HRR genes (P = 0.206). HRD-high tumors had significantly (P = 0.003) higher pCR rates and higher near-pCR rates (P = 0.049) compared with those of the HRD-low tumors in all tumors and the luminal subtype, respectively. HRD-high tumors were associated with aggressive phenotypes and gHRRm, but not sHRRm. Our findings suggested that HRD scores might be useful in predicting response to P-FEC in the luminal subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Kim
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Sota
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuto Naoi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kagara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tanei
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Noguchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, 13-9 Rokutanji-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 662-0918, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E-10 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Zhang X, Sjöblom T. Targeting Loss of Heterozygosity: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010057. [PMID: 33450833 PMCID: PMC7828287 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a common genetic event in the development of cancer. In certain tumor types, LOH can affect more than 20% of the genome, entailing loss of allelic variation in thousands of genes. This reduction of heterozygosity creates genetic differences between tumor and normal cells, providing opportunities for development of novel cancer therapies. Here, we review and summarize (1) mutations associated with LOH on chromosomes which have been shown to be promising biomarkers of cancer risk or the prediction of clinical outcomes in certain types of tumors; (2) loci undergoing LOH that can be targeted for development of novel anticancer drugs as well as (3) LOH in tumors provides up-and-coming possibilities to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer evolution and to discover novel cancer vulnerabilities which are worth a further investigation in the near future.
Collapse
|
62
|
Cheasley D, Nigam A, Zethoven M, Hunter S, Etemadmoghadam D, Semple T, Allan P, Carey MS, Fernandez ML, Dawson A, Köbel M, Huntsman DG, Le Page C, Mes-Masson AM, Provencher D, Hacker N, Gao Y, Bowtell D, deFazio A, Gorringe KL, Campbell IG. Genomic analysis of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to identify key drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. J Pathol 2020; 253:41-54. [PMID: 32901952 DOI: 10.1002/path.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is associated with a poor response to existing chemotherapy, highlighting the need to perform comprehensive genomic analysis and identify new therapeutic vulnerabilities. The data presented here represent the largest genetic study of LGSOCs to date (n = 71), analysing 127 candidate genes derived from whole exome sequencing cohorts to generate mutation and copy-number variation data. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed on our LGSOC cohort assessing oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, TP53, and CDKN2A status. Targeted sequencing identified 47% of cases with mutations in key RAS/RAF pathway genes (KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS), as well as mutations in putative novel driver genes including USP9X (27%), MACF1 (11%), ARID1A (9%), NF2 (4%), DOT1L (6%), and ASH1L (4%). Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed frequent oestrogen/progesterone receptor positivity (85%), along with CDKN2A protein loss (10%) and CDKN2A protein overexpression (6%), which were linked to shorter disease outcomes. Indeed, 90% of LGSOC samples harboured at least one potentially actionable alteration, which in 19/71 (27%) cases were predictive of clinical benefit from a standard treatment, either in another cancer's indication or in LGSOC specifically. In addition, we validated ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X), which is a chromosome X-linked substrate-specific deubiquitinase and tumour suppressor, as a relevant therapeutic target for LGSOC. Our comprehensive genomic study highlighted that there is an addiction to a limited number of unique 'driver' aberrations that could be translated into improved therapeutic paths. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane Cheasley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Nigam
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Bioinformatics Consulting Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Hunter
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Semple
- Molecular Genomics Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prue Allan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marta L Fernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neville Hacker
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunkai Gao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and the Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hong TH, Cha H, Shim JH, Lee B, Chung J, Lee C, Kim NKD, Choi YL, Hwang S, Lee Y, Park S, Jung HA, Kim JY, Park YH, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Park K, Lee SH, Park WY. Clinical advantage of targeted sequencing for unbiased tumor mutational burden estimation in samples with low tumor purity. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001199. [PMID: 33077514 PMCID: PMC7574938 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor mutational burden (TMB) measurement is limited by low tumor purity of samples, which can influence prediction of the immunotherapy response, particularly when using whole-exome sequencing-based TMB (wTMB). This issue could be overcome by targeted panel sequencing-based TMB (pTMB) with higher depth of coverage, which remains unexplored. Methods We comprehensively reanalyzed four public datasets of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated cohorts (adopting pTMB or wTMB) to test each biomarker’s predictive ability for low purity samples (cut-off: 30%). For validation, paired genomic profiling with the same tumor specimens was performed to directly compare wTMB and pTMB in patients with breast cancer (paired-BRCA, n=165) and ICI-treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (paired-NSCLC, n=156). Results Low tumor purity was common (range 30%–45%) in real-world samples from ICI-treated patients. In the survival analyzes of public cohorts, wTMB could not predict the clinical benefit of immunotherapy when tumor purity was low (log-rank p=0.874), whereas pTMB could effectively stratify the survival outcome (log-rank p=0.020). In the paired-BRCA and paired-NSCLC cohorts, pTMB was less affected by tumor purity, with significantly more somatic variants identified at low allele frequency (p<0.001). We found that wTMB was significantly underestimated in low purity samples with a large proportion of clonal variants undetected by whole-exome sequencing. Interestingly, pTMB more accurately predicted progression-free survival (PFS) after immunotherapy than wTMB owing to its superior performance in the low tumor purity subgroup (p=0.054 vs p=0.358). Multivariate analysis revealed pTMB (p=0.016), but not wTMB (p=0.32), as an independent predictor of PFS even in low-purity samples. The net reclassification index using pTMB was 21.7% in the low-purity subgroup (p=0.016). Conclusions Our data suggest that TMB characterization with targeted deep sequencing might have potential strength in predicting ICI responsiveness due to its enhanced sensitivity for hard-to-detect variants at low-allele fraction. Therefore, pTMB could act as an invaluable biomarker in the setting of both clinical trials and practice outside of trials based on its reliable performance in mitigating the purity-related bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hee Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsuk Chung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoomi Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea .,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,GENINUS Inc, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition in advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma: safety run-in and biomarker cohorts of COMBI-i. Nat Med 2020; 26:1557-1563. [PMID: 33020648 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune and targeted therapies achieve long-term survival in metastatic melanoma; however, new treatment strategies are needed to improve patients' outcomes1,2. We report on the efficacy, safety and biomarker analysis from the single-arm safety run-in (part 1; n = 9) and biomarker (part 2; n = 27) cohorts of the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 COMBI-i trial (NCT02967692) of the anti-PD-1 antibody spartalizumab, in combination with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib. Patients (n = 36) had previously untreated BRAF V600-mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma. In part 1, the recommended phase 3 regimen was identified based on the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; primary endpoint): 400 mg of spartalizumab every 4 weeks plus 150 mg of dabrafenib twice daily plus 2 mg of trametinib once daily. Part 2 characterized changes in PD-L1 levels and CD8+ cells following treatment (primary endpoint), and analyzed additional biomarkers. Assessments of efficacy and safety were key secondary endpoints (median follow-up, 24.3 months). Spartalizumab plus dabrafenib and trametinib led to an objective response rate (ORR) of 78%, including 44% complete responses (CRs). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were experienced by 72% of patients. All patients had temporary dose modifications, and 17% permanently discontinued all three study drugs due to TRAEs. Early progression-free survival (PFS) events were associated with low tumor mutational burden/T cell-inflamed gene expression signature (GES) or high immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) GES levels at baseline; an immunosuppressive TME may also preclude CR. Overall, the efficacy, safety and on-treatment biomarker modulations associated with spartalizumab plus dabrafenib and trametinib are promising, and biomarkers that may predict long-term benefit were identified.
Collapse
|
65
|
Molecular patterns in salivary duct carcinoma identify prognostic subgroups. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1896-1909. [PMID: 32457410 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDCa) is a rare cancer with high rate of metastases and poor survival despite aggressive multimodality treatment. This study analyzes the genetic changes in SDCa, their impact on cancer pathways, and evaluates whether molecular patterns can identify subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics and outcome. Clinicopathologic details and tissue samples from 66 patients (48 males, 18 females) treated between 1995 and 2018 were obtained from multiple institutions. Androgen receptor (AR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the Illumina TruSight 170 gene panel was used for DNA sequencing. Male gender, lympho-vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and smoking were significant predictors of disease-free survival. AR was present in 79%. Frequently encountered alterations were mutations in TP53 (51%), PIK3CA (32%) and HRAS (22%), as well as amplifications of CDK4/6 (22%), ERBB2 (21%), MYC (16%), and deletions of CDKN2A (13%). TP53 mutation and MYC amplifications were associated with decreased disease-free survival. Analysis of cancer pathways revealed that the PI3K pathway was most commonly affected. Alterations in the cell cycle pathway were associated with impaired disease-free survival (HR 2.6, P = 0.038). Three subgroups based on AR and ERBB2 status were identified, which featured distinct molecular patterns and outcome. Among AR positive SDCa, HRAS mutations were restricted to AR positive tumors without ERBB2 amplification and HRAS mutations featured high co-occurrence with PIK3CA alterations, which seems specific to SDCa. AR negative SDCa were associated with poor disease-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 4.5, P = 0.010) and none of these tumors exhibited ERBB2 amplification or HRAS mutations. AR and ERBB2 status in SDCa thus classifies tumors with distinct molecular profiles relevant to future targeted therapy. Furthermore, clinical factors such as smoking and molecular features such as MYC amplification may serve as markers of poor prognosis of SDCa.
Collapse
|
66
|
Essers PB, van der Heijden M, Vossen D, de Roest RH, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, van den Brekel MW, Bartelink H, Verheij M, Vens C. Ovarian cancer-derived copy number alterations signatures are prognostic in chemoradiotherapy-treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1732-1739. [PMID: 32167160 PMCID: PMC7496441 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) are frequent in cancer, and recently developed CNA signatures revealed their value in molecular tumor stratification for patient prognosis and platinum resistance prediction in ovarian cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is also characterized by high CNAs. In this study, we determined CNA in 173 human papilloma virus-negative HNSCC from a Dutch multicenter cohort by low-coverage whole genome sequencing and tested the prognostic value of seven cancer-derived CNA signatures for these cisplatin- and radiotherapy-treated patients. We find that a high CNA signature 1 (s1) score is associated with low values for all other signatures and better patient outcomes in the Dutch cohorts and The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC data set. High s5 and s7 scores are associated with increased distant metastasis rates and high s6 scores with poor overall survival. High cumulative cisplatin doses result in improved outcomes in chemoradiotherapy-treated HNSCC patients. Here we find that tumors high in s1 or low in s6 are most responsive to a change in cisplatin dose. High s5 values, however, significantly increase the risk for metastasis in patients with low cumulative cisplatin doses. Together this suggests that the processes causing these CNA signatures affect cisplatin response in HNSCC. In conclusion, CNA signatures derived from a different cancer type were prognostic and associated with cisplatin response in HNSCC, suggesting they represent underlying molecular processes that define patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B.M. Essers
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Heijden
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and SurgeryThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David Vossen
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Reinout H. de Roest
- Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Harry Bartelink
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Geistlinger L, Oh S, Ramos M, Schiffer L, LaRue RS, Henzler CM, Munro SA, Daughters C, Nelson AC, Winterhoff BJ, Chang Z, Talukdar S, Shetty M, Mullany SA, Morgan M, Parmigiani G, Birrer MJ, Qin LX, Riester M, Starr TK, Waldron L. Multiomic Analysis of Subtype Evolution and Heterogeneity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4335-4345. [PMID: 32747365 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified transcriptome subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but their interpretation and translation are complicated by tumor evolution and polyclonality accompanied by extensive accumulation of somatic aberrations, varying cell type admixtures, and different tissues of origin. In this study, we examined the chronology of HGSOC subtype evolution in the context of these factors using a novel integrative analysis of absolute copy-number analysis and gene expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas complemented by single-cell analysis of six independent tumors. Tumor purity, ploidy, and subclonality were reliably inferred from different genomic platforms, and these characteristics displayed marked differences between subtypes. Genomic lesions associated with HGSOC subtypes tended to be subclonal, implying subtype divergence at later stages of tumor evolution. Subclonality of recurrent HGSOC alterations was evident for proliferative tumors, characterized by extreme genomic instability, absence of immune infiltration, and greater patient age. In contrast, differentiated tumors were characterized by largely intact genome integrity, high immune infiltration, and younger patient age. Single-cell sequencing of 42,000 tumor cells revealed widespread heterogeneity in tumor cell type composition that drove bulk subtypes but demonstrated a lack of intrinsic subtypes among tumor epithelial cells. Our findings prompt the dismissal of discrete transcriptome subtypes for HGSOC and replacement by a more realistic model of continuous tumor development that includes mixtures of subclones, accumulation of somatic aberrations, infiltration of immune and stromal cells in proportions correlated with tumor stage and tissue of origin, and evolution between properties previously associated with discrete subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE: This study infers whether transcriptome-based groupings of tumors differentiate early in carcinogenesis and are, therefore, appropriate targets for therapy and demonstrates that this is not the case for HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Geistlinger
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Sehyun Oh
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Marcel Ramos
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lucas Schiffer
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca S LaRue
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Munro
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Claire Daughters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Boris J Winterhoff
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zenas Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shobhana Talukdar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sally A Mullany
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin Morgan
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Birrer
- The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy K Starr
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York.
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Oh S, Geistlinger L, Ramos M, Morgan M, Waldron L, Riester M. Reliable Analysis of Clinical Tumor-Only Whole-Exome Sequencing Data. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 4:321-335. [PMID: 32282230 PMCID: PMC7259876 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Allele-specific copy number alteration (CNA) analysis is essential to study the functional impact of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and the process of tumorigenesis. However, controversy over whether it can be performed with sufficient accuracy in data without matched normal profiles and a lack of open-source implementations have limited its application in clinical research and diagnosis. METHODS We benchmark allele-specific CNA analysis performance of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data against gold standard whole-genome SNP6 microarray data and against WES data sets with matched normal samples. We provide a workflow based on the open-source PureCN R/Bioconductor package in conjunction with widely used variant-calling and copy number segmentation algorithms for allele-specific CNA analysis from WES without matched normals. This workflow further classifies SNVs by somatic status and then uses this information to infer somatic mutational signatures and tumor mutational burden (TMB). RESULTS Application of our workflow to tumor-only WES data produces tumor purity and ploidy estimates that are highly concordant with estimates from SNP6 microarray data and matched normal WES data. The presence of cancer type-specific somatic mutational signatures was inferred with high accuracy. We also demonstrate high concordance of TMB between our tumor-only workflow and matched normal pipelines. CONCLUSION The proposed workflow provides, to our knowledge, the only open-source option with demonstrated high accuracy for comprehensive allele-specific CNA analysis and SNV classification of tumor-only WES. An implementation of the workflow is available on the Terra Cloud platform of the Broad Institute (Cambridge, MA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Marcel Ramos
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | | | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
SuperFreq: Integrated mutation detection and clonal tracking in cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007603. [PMID: 32053599 PMCID: PMC7043783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysing multiple cancer samples from an individual patient can provide insight into the way the disease evolves. Monitoring the expansion and contraction of distinct clones helps to reveal the mutations that initiate the disease and those that drive progression. Existing approaches for clonal tracking from sequencing data typically require the user to combine multiple tools that are not purpose-built for this task. Furthermore, most methods require a matched normal (non-tumour) sample, which limits the scope of application. We developed SuperFreq, a cancer exome sequencing analysis pipeline that integrates identification of somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) and clonal tracking for both. SuperFreq does not require a matched normal and instead relies on unrelated controls. When analysing multiple samples from a single patient, SuperFreq cross checks variant calls to improve clonal tracking, which helps to separate somatic from germline variants, and to resolve overlapping CNA calls. To demonstrate our software we analysed 304 cancer-normal exome samples across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and evaluated the quality of the SNV and CNA calls. We simulated clonal evolution through in silico mixing of cancer and normal samples in known proportion. We found that SuperFreq identified 93% of clones with a cellular fraction of at least 50% and mutations were assigned to the correct clone with high recall and precision. In addition, SuperFreq maintained a similar level of performance for most aspects of the analysis when run without a matched normal. SuperFreq is highly versatile and can be applied in many different experimental settings for the analysis of exomes and other capture libraries. We demonstrate an application of SuperFreq to leukaemia patients with diagnosis and relapse samples. Cancer is a disease that continues to evolve. Understanding how it changes can provide key biological insights; for example, it can help to identify recurrent patterns associated with therapy resistance. However, tracking clonal evolution in a cancer from sequencing data is a major analytical challenge. We have developed SuperFreq, an analysis framework purpose built for the detection of intra-tumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution. SuperFreq encapsulates mutation detection, quality assessment, clonal tracking and phylogeny, for both point mutations and copy number alterations. To demonstrate the major advance that SuperFreq offers, we developed a test dataset with engineered clones, made by blending data from cancer and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We demonstrate that SuperFreq exhibits robust performance, both for detecting clones and for assigning mutations to clones. SuperFreq is a powerful and adaptable analysis framework that can be applied to address many research questions. We include an example application, where we identify both early and relapse-specific driver mutations in an acute myeloid leukaemia.
Collapse
|
70
|
Boyle TA, Quinn GP, Schabath MB, Muñoz-Antonia T, Saller JJ, Duarte LF, Hair LS, Teer JK, Chiang DY, Leary R, Wong CC, Savchenko A, Singh AP, Charette L, Mendell K, Gorgun G, Antonia SJ, Chiappori AA, Creelan BC, Gray JE, Haura EB. A community-based lung cancer rapid tissue donation protocol provides high-quality drug-resistant specimens for proteogenomic analyses. Cancer Med 2019; 9:225-237. [PMID: 31747139 PMCID: PMC6943158 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the advancement of cancer research, the collection of tissue specimens from drug-resistant tumors after targeted therapy is crucial. Although patients with lung cancer are often provided targeted therapy, post-therapy specimens are not routinely collected due to the risks of collection, limiting the study of targeted therapy resistance mechanisms. Posthumous rapid tissue donation (RTD) is an expedient collection process that provides an opportunity to understand treatment-resistant lung cancers. METHODS Consent to participate in the thoracic RTD protocol was obtained during patient care. When death occurred, tumor and paired non-tumor, cytology, and blood specimens were collected within 48 hours and preserved as formalin-fixed and frozen specimens. Tissue sections were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) against multiple biomarkers, including various programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) clones. Next-generation sequencing was performed on 13 specimens from 5 patients. RESULTS Postmortem specimens (N = 180) were well preserved from 9 patients with lung cancer. PD-L1 IHC revealed heterogeneity within and between tumors. An AGK-BRAF fusion was newly identified in tumor from a donor with a known echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) fusion and history of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor therapy. RNA expression analysis revealed a clonal genetic origin of metastatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Post-therapy specimens demonstrated PD-L1 heterogeneity and an acyl glycerol kinase to B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (AGK-BRAF) fusion in a patient with an EML4-ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma as a potential resistance mechanism to ALK inhibitor therapy. Rapid tissue donation collection of postmortem tissue from lung cancer patients is a novel approach to cancer research that enables studies of molecular evolution and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Boyle
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Anatomic Pathology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Department of Ob-Gyn, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresita Muñoz-Antonia
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James J Saller
- Anatomic Pathology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luisa F Duarte
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laura S Hair
- District 12 Medical Examiner's Office, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Jamie K Teer
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek Y Chiang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Leary
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Connie C Wong
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Angad P Singh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kate Mendell
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Gullu Gorgun
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Scott J Antonia
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alberto A Chiappori
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin C Creelan
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Oncologic Science, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Clark DJ, Dhanasekaran SM, Petralia F, Pan J, Song X, Hu Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Reva B, Lih TSM, Chang HY, Ma W, Huang C, Ricketts CJ, Chen L, Krek A, Li Y, Rykunov D, Li QK, Chen LS, Ozbek U, Vasaikar S, Wu Y, Yoo S, Chowdhury S, Wyczalkowski MA, Ji J, Schnaubelt M, Kong A, Sethuraman S, Avtonomov DM, Ao M, Colaprico A, Cao S, Cho KC, Kalayci S, Ma S, Liu W, Ruggles K, Calinawan A, Gümüş ZH, Geiszler D, Kawaler E, Teo GC, Wen B, Zhang Y, Keegan S, Li K, Chen F, Edwards N, Pierorazio PM, Chen XS, Pavlovich CP, Hakimi AA, Brominski G, Hsieh JJ, Antczak A, Omelchenko T, Lubinski J, Wiznerowicz M, Linehan WM, Kinsinger CR, Thiagarajan M, Boja ES, Mesri M, Hiltke T, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Qian J, Fenyö D, Zhang B, Ding L, Schadt E, Chinnaiyan AM, Zhang Z, Omenn GS, Cieslik M, Chan DW, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Zhang H. Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell 2019; 179:964-983.e31. [PMID: 31675502 PMCID: PMC7331093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the deregulated functional modules that drive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we performed comprehensive genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic characterization of treatment-naive ccRCC and paired normal adjacent tissue samples. Genomic analyses identified a distinct molecular subgroup associated with genomic instability. Integration of proteogenomic measurements uniquely identified protein dysregulation of cellular mechanisms impacted by genomic alterations, including oxidative phosphorylation-related metabolism, protein translation processes, and phospho-signaling modules. To assess the degree of immune infiltration in individual tumors, we identified microenvironment cell signatures that delineated four immune-based ccRCC subtypes characterized by distinct cellular pathways. This study reports a large-scale proteogenomic analysis of ccRCC to discern the functional impact of genomic alterations and provides evidence for rational treatment selection stemming from ccRCC pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tung-Shing M Lih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Hui-Yin Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lin S Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Umut Ozbek
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shrabanti Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Andy Kong
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Dmitry M Avtonomov
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minghui Ao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyung-Cho Cho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Selim Kalayci
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly Ruggles
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anna Calinawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Geiszler
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guo Ci Teo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Phillip M Pierorazio
- Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Brominski
- Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, Poznań 61-285, Poland
| | - James J Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, Poznań 61-285, Poland
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań 60-203, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-701, Poland
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Sema4, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | | | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Sepulveda JL. Using R and Bioconductor in Clinical Genomics and Transcriptomics. J Mol Diagn 2019; 22:3-20. [PMID: 31605800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics pipelines are essential in the analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Recent guidelines emphasize the need for rigorous validation and assessment of robustness, reproducibility, and quality of NGS analytic pipelines intended for clinical use. Software tools written in the R statistical language and, in particular, the set of tools available in the Bioconductor repository are widely used in research bioinformatics; and these frameworks offer several advantages for use in clinical bioinformatics, including the breath of available tools, modular nature of software packages, ease of installation, enforcement of interoperability, version control, and short learning curve. This review provides an introduction to R and Bioconductor software, its advantages and limitations for clinical bioinformatics, and illustrative examples of tools that can be used in various steps of NGS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Informatics Subdivision Leadership, Association for Molecular Pathology, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Kanojia D, Dakle P, Mayakonda A, Parameswaran R, Puhaindran ME, Min VLK, Madan V, Koeffler P. Identification of somatic alterations in lipoma using whole exome sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14370. [PMID: 31591430 PMCID: PMC6779901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipomas are benign fatty tumors with a high prevalence rate, mostly found in adults but have a good prognosis. Until now, reason for lipoma occurrence not been identified. We performed whole exome sequencing to define the mutational spectrum in ten lipoma patients along with their matching control samples. We presented genomic insight into the development of lipomas, the most common benign tumor of soft tissue. Our analysis identified 412 somatic variants including missense mutations, splice site variants, frameshift indels, and stop gain/lost. Copy number variation analysis highlighted minor aberrations in patients. Kinase genes and transcriptions factors were among the validated mutated genes critical for cell proliferation and survival. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of calcium, Wnt and phospholipase D signaling in patients. In conclusion, whole exome sequencing in lipomas identified mutations in genes with a possible role in development and progression of lipomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pushkar Dakle
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark E Puhaindran
- Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Vikas Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Egan C, Nicolae A, Lack J, Chung HJ, Skarshaug S, Pham TA, Navarro W, Abdullaev Z, Aguilera NS, Xi L, Pack S, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Raffeld M. Genomic profiling of primary histiocytic sarcoma reveals two molecular subgroups. Haematologica 2019; 105:951-960. [PMID: 31439678 PMCID: PMC7109753 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that may occur de novo or in the context of a previous hematologic malignancy or mediastinal germ cell tumor. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on 21 archival cases of primary histiocytic sarcoma. We identified a high number of genetic alterations within the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway in 21 of 21 cases, with alterations in NF1 (6 of 21), MAP2K1 (5 of 21), PTPN11 (4 of 21), BRAF (4 of 21), KRAS (4 of 21), NRAS (1 of 21), and LZTR1 (1 of 21), including single cases with homozygous deletion of NF1, high-level amplification of PTPN11, and a novel TTYH3-BRAF fusion. Concurrent NF1 and PTPN11 mutations were present in 3 of 21 cases, and 5 of 7 cases with alterations in NF1 and/or PTPN11 had disease involving the gastrointestinal tract. Following unsupervised clustering of gene expression data, cases with NF1 and/or PTPN11 abnormalities formed a distinct tumor subgroup. A subset of NF1/PTPN11 wild-type cases had frequent mutations in B-cell lymphoma associated genes and/or clonal IG gene rearrangements. Our findings expand the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this rare tumor and suggest the existence of a distinct subtype of primary histiocytic sarcoma characterized by NF1/PTPN11 alterations with predilection for the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Egan
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alina Nicolae
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hye-Jung Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shannon Skarshaug
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thu Anh Pham
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Winnifred Navarro
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Svetlana Pack
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Park S, Shim JH, Lee B, Cho I, Park WY, Kim Y, Lee SH, Choi YL, Han J, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Park K, Sun JM. Paired genomic analysis of squamous cell carcinoma transformed from EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2019; 134:7-15. [PMID: 31319998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenocarcinoma (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) transformation (AST) is reported in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure. However, little is known about the underlying genomic changes during the AST process. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our tissue database collected after first- or second- generation EGFR TKI resistance (n = 263) and identified 3 cases of AST. The additional case was acquired from the osimertinib resistance sample. Deep target sequencing (381 genes) using paired samples from 4 patients with AST after EGFR TKI treatment was performed. The histology of each sample was confirmed by TTF-1 and p63 immunohistochemistry. The patients received first- or second-generation EGFR TKI as an initial treatment. RESULTS Overall incidence of AST was 1.1% (3/263). Transformed SCC acquired genomic alterations related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, in addition to the initial EGFR mutation. In a representative case, two separate sub-clones, with a PTEN nonsense mutation and EGFR p.T790 M mutation, were observed without histologic transformation at the time of gefitinib resistance. After subsequent treatment with osimertinib, SCC transformation was observed with the disappearance of the EGFR p.T790 M mutation and acquired copy number loss in PTEN. Adopting the sub-clonal fraction model elucidates the sub-clonal evolution process of the PTEN mutant sub-clone toward AST under the background of EGFR mutation. The rest of the transformed samples also had acquired genomic alterations in PTEN, LKB1, PIK3CA, or RICTOR, which are related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS Paired genomic analysis from our sample provides early clinical evidence of the ADC to SCC lineage transition that might be provoked by an alteration in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway during EGFR TKI treatment. This finding could potentially broaden the known spectrum of EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inju Cho
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Bertucci F, Ng CKY, Patsouris A, Droin N, Piscuoglio S, Carbuccia N, Soria JC, Dien AT, Adnani Y, Kamal M, Garnier S, Meurice G, Jimenez M, Dogan S, Verret B, Chaffanet M, Bachelot T, Campone M, Lefeuvre C, Bonnefoi H, Dalenc F, Jacquet A, De Filippo MR, Babbar N, Birnbaum D, Filleron T, Le Tourneau C, André F. Genomic characterization of metastatic breast cancers. Nature 2019; 569:560-564. [PMID: 31118521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death for patients with breast cancer. Many studies have characterized the genomic landscape of breast cancer during its early stages. However, there is evidence that genomic alterations are acquired during the evolution of cancers from their early to late stages, and that the genomic landscape of early cancers is not representative of that of lethal cancers1-7. Here we investigated the landscape of somatic alterations in 617 metastatic breast cancers. Nine driver genes (TP53, ESR1, GATA3, KMT2C, NCOR1, AKT1, NF1, RIC8A and RB1) were more frequently mutated in metastatic breast cancers that expressed hormone receptors (oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors; HR+) but did not have high levels of HER2 (HER2-; n = 381), when compared to early breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, 18 amplicons were more frequently observed in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers. These cancers showed an increase in mutational signatures S2, S3, S10, S13 and S17. Among the gene alterations that were enriched in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers, mutations in TP53, RB1 and NF1, together with S10, S13 and S17, were associated with poor outcome. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancers showed an increase in the frequency of somatic biallelic loss-of-function mutations in genes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, compared to early triple-negative breast cancers (7% versus 2%). Finally, metastatic breast cancers showed an increase in mutational burden and clonal diversity compared to early breast cancers. Thus, the genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer is enriched in clinically relevant genomic alterations and is more complex than that of early breast cancer. The identification of genomic alterations associated with poor outcome will allow earlier and better selection of patients who require the use of treatments that are still in clinical trials. The genetic complexity observed in advanced breast cancer suggests that such treatments should be introduced as early as possible in the disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Patsouris
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Genomic Core Facility UMS AMMICA Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, US23, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, UMS3665, Villejuif, France
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Charles Soria
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alicia Tran Dien
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahia Adnani
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Semih Dogan
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Verret
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mario Campone
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naveen Babbar
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
- INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France
- Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Lerario AM, Nanba K, Blinder AR, Suematsu S, Omura M, Nishikawa T, Giordano TJ, Rainey WE, Else T. Genetics of aldosterone-producing adenomas with pathogenic KCNJ5 variants. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:463-470. [PMID: 30753137 PMCID: PMC7869655 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variants in genes that regulate intracellular ion homeostasis have been identified in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). Although the mechanisms leading to an increased aldosterone production in APA cells has been well studied, the molecular events that cause cell proliferation and tumor formation are poorly understood. In the present study, we have performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to characterize the landscape of somatic alterations in a homogeneous series of APA with pathogenic KCNJ5 variants. In the WES analysis on eleven APA, 84 exonic somatic events were called by 3 different somatic callers. Besides the KCNJ5 gene, only two genes (MED13 and ZNF669) harbored somatic variants in more than one APA. Unlike adrenocortical carcinomas, no chromosomal instability was observed by the somatic copy-number alteration and loss of heterozygosity analyses. The estimated tumor purity ranged from 0.35 to 0.67, suggesting a significant proportion of normal cell infiltration. Based on the results of PureCN analysis, the KCNJ5 variants appear to be clonal. In conclusion, in addition to KCNJ5 somatic pathogenic variant, no significant somatic event that would obviously explain proliferation or tumor growth was observed in our homogeneous cohort of KCNJ5-mutated APA. The molecular mechanisms causing APA growth and tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Lerario
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kazutaka Nanba
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy R. Blinder
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Medical Checkup Clinic, Minatomirai Medical Square, Sowa-Group, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Giordano
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E. Rainey
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Corresponding author: Tobias Else, MD, 1150 West Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
McCabe MJ, Pinese M, Chan CL, Sheriff N, Thompson TJ, Grady J, Wong M, Gauthier MEA, Puttick C, Gayevskiy V, Hajdu E, Wong SQ, Barrett W, Earls P, Lukeis R, Cheng YY, Lin RCY, Thomas DM, Watkins DN, Dinger ME, McCormack AI, Cowley MJ. Genomic stratification and liquid biopsy in a rare adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) case, with dual lung metastases. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a003764. [PMID: 30936196 PMCID: PMC6549567 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and few treatment options. Molecular characterization of this cancer remains limited. We present a case of an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in a 37-yr-old female, with dual lung metastases identified 1 yr following commencement of adjuvant mitotane therapy. As standard therapeutic regimens are often unsuccessful in ACC, we undertook a comprehensive genomic study into this case to identify treatment options and monitor disease progress. We performed targeted and whole-genome sequencing of germline, primary tumor, and both metastatic tumors from this patient and monitored recurrence over 2 years using liquid biopsy for ctDNA and steroid hormone measurements. Sequencing revealed the primary and metastatic tumors were hyperhaploid, with extensive loss of heterozygosity but few structural rearrangements. Loss-of-function mutations were identified in MSH2, TP53, RB1, and PTEN, resulting in tumors with mismatch repair signatures and microsatellite instability. At the cellular level, tumors were populated by mitochondria-rich oncocytes. Longitudinal ctDNA mutation and hormone profiles were unable to detect micrometastatic disease, consistent with clinical indicators of disease remission. The molecular signatures in our ACC case suggested immunotherapy in the event of disease progression; however, the patient remains free of cancer. The extensive molecular analysis presented here could be applied to other rare and/or poorly stratified cancers to identify novel or repurpose existing therapeutic options, thereby broadly improving diagnoses, treatments, and prognoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCabe
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nisa Sheriff
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Tanya J Thompson
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - John Grady
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marie Wong
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marie-Emilie A Gauthier
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Clare Puttick
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Elektra Hajdu
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Molecular and Translational Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Wade Barrett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Peter Earls
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Robyn Lukeis
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Yuen Y Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ann I McCormack
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, Kensington, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yao J, Garg A, Chen D, Capdevila J, Engstrom P, Pommier R, Van Cutsem E, Singh S, Fazio N, He W, Riester M, Patel P, Voi M, Morrissey M, Pavel M, Kulke MH. Genomic profiling of NETs: a comprehensive analysis of the RADIANT trials. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:391-403. [PMID: 30667365 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have historically been subcategorized according to histologic features and the site of anatomic origin. Here, we characterize the genomic alterations in patients enrolled in 3 phase 3 clinical trials of NET of different anatomic origins and assessed the potential correlation with clinical outcomes. Whole-exome and targeted panel sequencing was used to characterize 225 NET samples collected in the RADIANT series of clinical trials. Genomic profiling of NET was analyzed along with nongenomic biomarker data on tumor grade and circulating chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels from these patients enrolled in clinical trials. Our results highlight recurrent large-scale chromosomal alterations as a common theme among NET. Although the specific pattern of chromosomal alterations differed between tumor subtypes, the evidence for generalized chromosomal instability (CIN) was observed across all primary sites of NET. In pancreatic NET, although the P-value was not significant, higher CIN suggests a trend towards longer survival (HR, 0.55, P=0.077); whereas in the gastrointestinal NET, lower CIN was associated with longer survival (HR, 0.44, P=0.0006). Our multivariate analyses demonstrated that when combined with other clinical data among patients with progressive advanced NETs, chromosomal level alteration adds important prognostic information. Large-scale CIN is a common feature of NET, and specific patterns of chromosomal gain and loss appeared to have independent prognostic value in NET subtypes. However, whether CIN in general has clinical significance in NET requires validation in larger patient cohort and warrants further mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Yao
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jaume Capdevila
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Engstrom
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodney Pommier
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg/Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simron Singh
- Odette Cancer Center, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wei He
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Parul Patel
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maurizio Voi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Morrissey
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Genetic Factors Associated with a Poor Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040445. [PMID: 30934880 PMCID: PMC6521057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
About half of advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients can be cured by chemoradiotherapy. Patient outcome may be partially determined by the genetic alterations in HNSCC, rendering these alterations promising candidate prognostic factors and/or therapeutic targets. However, their relevance in patient outcome prognosis remains to be assessed in patients that receive standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy. We therefore tested whether frequent genetic alterations were associated with progression free survival (PFS) in advanced stage HNSCC patients who were uniformly treated with definitive platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. To this end, we performed targeted DNA sequencing on frozen pre-treatment tumor biopsy material from 77 patients with advanced stage oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. This provided somatic point mutation and copy number aberration data of 556 genes. The most frequently mutated genes, TP53 (62%), CCND1 (51%), CDKN2A (30%) and PIK3CA (21%), were not associated with PFS. However, co-occurring CCND1 and CDKN2A mutations were associated with short PFS (HR 2.24, p = 0.028) in HPV-negative tumors. Furthermore, tumor mutational burden (sum of somatic point mutations) showed a trend towards decreased PFS (HR 1.9, p = 0.089), and chromosomal instability (CIN) was associated with shorter PFS (HR 2.3, p = 0.023), independent of HPV status. Our results show that tumor mutational burden, CIN markers, and co-occurring CCND1 and CDKN2A mutations are associated with chemoradiotherapy outcomes in advanced stage oro- and hypopharyngeal HNSCC patients, thereby highlighting their prognostic potential. Given their poor prognosis association and link to biological targets, they may also identify patients for novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
81
|
Halperin RF, Liang WS, Kulkarni S, Tassone EE, Adkins J, Enriquez D, Tran NL, Hank NC, Newell J, Kodira C, Korn R, Berens ME, Kim S, Byron SA. Leveraging Spatial Variation in Tumor Purity for Improved Somatic Variant Calling of Archival Tumor Only Samples. Front Oncol 2019; 9:119. [PMID: 30949446 PMCID: PMC6435595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Archival tumor samples represent a rich resource of annotated specimens for translational genomics research. However, standard variant calling approaches require a matched normal sample from the same individual, which is often not available in the retrospective setting, making it difficult to distinguish between true somatic variants and individual-specific germline variants. Archival sections often contain adjacent normal tissue, but this tissue can include infiltrating tumor cells. As existing comparative somatic variant callers are designed to exclude variants present in the normal sample, a novel approach is required to leverage adjacent normal tissue with infiltrating tumor cells for somatic variant calling. Here we present lumosVar 2.0, a software package designed to jointly analyze multiple samples from the same patient, built upon our previous single sample tumor only variant caller lumosVar 1.0. The approach assumes that the allelic fraction of somatic variants and germline variants follow different patterns as tumor content and copy number state change. lumosVar 2.0 estimates allele specific copy number and tumor sample fractions from the data, and uses a to model to determine expected allelic fractions for somatic and germline variants and to classify variants accordingly. To evaluate the utility of lumosVar 2.0 to jointly call somatic variants with tumor and adjacent normal samples, we used a glioblastoma dataset with matched high and low tumor content and germline whole exome sequencing data (for true somatic variants) available for each patient. Both sensitivity and positive predictive value were improved when analyzing the high tumor and low tumor samples jointly compared to analyzing the samples individually or in-silico pooling of the two samples. Finally, we applied this approach to a set of breast and prostate archival tumor samples for which tumor blocks containing adjacent normal tissue were available for sequencing. Joint analysis using lumosVar 2.0 detected several variants, including known cancer hotspot mutations that were not detected by standard somatic variant calling tools using the adjacent tissue as presumed normal reference. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of leveraging paired tissue samples to improve somatic variant calling when a constitutional sample is not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Halperin
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Winnie S Liang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sidharth Kulkarni
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Erica E Tassone
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jonathan Adkins
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel Enriquez
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - James Newell
- HonorHealth Scottsdale Shea Medical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Chinnappa Kodira
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States.,PureTech Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald Korn
- Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,HonorHealth Scottsdale Shea Medical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Sara A Byron
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Poell JB, Mendeville M, Sie D, Brink A, Brakenhoff RH, Ylstra B. ACE: absolute copy number estimation from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data. Bioinformatics 2018; 35:2847-2849. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Summary
Chromosomal copy number aberrations can be efficiently detected and quantified using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, but analysis is hampered by the lack of knowledge on absolute DNA copy numbers and tumor purity. Here, we describe an analytical tool for Absolute Copy number Estimation, ACE, which scales relative copy number signals from chromosomal segments to optimally fit absolute copy numbers, without the need for additional genetic information, such as SNP data. In doing so, ACE derives an estimate of tumor purity as well. ACE facilitates analysis of large numbers of samples, while maintaining the flexibility to customize models and generate output of single samples.
Availability and implementation
ACE is freely available via www.bioconductor.org and at www.github.com/tgac-vumc/ACE.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jos B Poell
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matias Mendeville
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Brink
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Vossen DM, Verhagen CVM, Grénman R, Kluin RJC, Verheij M, van den Brekel MWM, Wessels LFA, Vens C. Role of variant allele fraction and rare SNP filtering to improve cellular DNA repair endpoint association. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206632. [PMID: 30408064 PMCID: PMC6224072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large cancer genome studies continue to reveal new players in treatment response and tumorigenesis. The discrimination of functional alterations from the abundance of passenger genetic alterations still poses challenges and determines DNA sequence variant selection procedures. Here we evaluate variant selection strategies that select homozygous variants and rare SNPs and assess its value in detecting tumor cells with DNA repair defects. Methods To this end we employed a panel of 29 patient-derived head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, of which a subset harbors DNA repair defects. Mitomycin C (MMC) sensitivity was used as functional endpoint of DNA crosslink repair deficiency. 556 genes including the Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) genes, whose products strongly determine MMC response, were capture-sequenced. Results We show a strong association between MMC sensitivity, thus loss of DNA repair function, and the presence of homozygous and rare SNPs in the relevant FA/HR genes. Excluding such selection criteria impedes the discrimination of crosslink repair status by mutation analysis. Applied to all KEGG pathways, we find that the association with MMC sensitivity is strongest in the KEGG FA pathway, therefore also demonstrating the value of such selection strategies for exploratory analyses. Variant analyses in 56 clinical samples demonstrate that homozygous variants occur more frequently in tumor suppressor genes than oncogenes further supporting the role of a homozygosity criterion to improve gene function association or tumor suppressor gene identification studies. Conclusion Together our data show that the detection of relevant genes or of repair pathway defected tumor cells can be improved by the consideration of allele zygosity and SNP allele frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Vossen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline V. M. Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Roelof J. C. Kluin
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel W. M. van den Brekel
- Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F. A. Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Pitt JJ, Riester M, Zheng Y, Yoshimatsu TF, Sanni A, Oluwasola O, Veloso A, Labrot E, Wang S, Odetunde A, Ademola A, Okedere B, Mahan S, Leary R, Macomber M, Ajani M, Johnson RS, Fitzgerald D, Grundstad AJ, Tuteja JH, Khramtsova G, Zhang J, Sveen E, Hwang B, Clayton W, Nkwodimmah C, Famooto B, Obasi E, Aderoju V, Oludara M, Omodele F, Akinyele O, Adeoye A, Ogundiran T, Babalola C, MacIsaac K, Popoola A, Morrissey MP, Chen LS, Wang J, Olopade CO, Falusi AG, Winckler W, Haase K, Van Loo P, Obafunwa J, Papoutsakis D, Ojengbede O, Weber B, Ibrahim N, White KP, Huo D, Olopade OI, Barretina J. Characterization of Nigerian breast cancer reveals prevalent homologous recombination deficiency and aggressive molecular features. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4181. [PMID: 30327465 PMCID: PMC6191428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality continue to widen but genomic studies rarely interrogate breast cancer in diverse populations. Through genome, exome, and RNA sequencing, we examined the molecular features of breast cancers using 194 patients from Nigeria and 1037 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Relative to Black and White cohorts in TCGA, Nigerian HR + /HER2 - tumors are characterized by increased homologous recombination deficiency signature, pervasive TP53 mutations, and greater structural variation-indicating aggressive biology. GATA3 mutations are also more frequent in Nigerians regardless of subtype. Higher proportions of APOBEC-mediated substitutions strongly associate with PIK3CA and CDH1 mutations, which are underrepresented in Nigerians and Blacks. PLK2, KDM6A, and B2M are also identified as previously unreported significantly mutated genes in breast cancer. This dataset provides novel insights into potential molecular mechanisms underlying outcome disparities and lay a foundation for deployment of precision therapeutics in underserved populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Pitt
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Toshio F Yoshimatsu
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ayodele Sanni
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Artur Veloso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emma Labrot
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Ademola
- Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Okedere
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Scott Mahan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca Leary
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maura Macomber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mustapha Ajani
- Department of Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ryan S Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dominic Fitzgerald
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A Jason Grundstad
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jigyasa H Tuteja
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elisabeth Sveen
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryce Hwang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wendy Clayton
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Bisola Famooto
- Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Esther Obasi
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Victor Aderoju
- Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji Oludara
- Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Folusho Omodele
- Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo Akinyele
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adewunmi Adeoye
- Department of Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinedum Babalola
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Kenzie MacIsaac
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abiodun Popoola
- Oncology Unit, Department of Radiology, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Lin S Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher O Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adeyinka G Falusi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Wendy Winckler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerstin Haase
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - John Obafunwa
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Barbara Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nasiru Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kevin P White
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Tempus Labs Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, 17007, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Genetic mechanisms of target antigen loss in CAR19 therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:1504-1506. [PMID: 30275569 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified genetic mutations in CD19 and loss of heterozygosity at the time of CD19- relapse to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. The mutations are present in the vast majority of resistant tumor cells and are predicted to lead to a truncated protein with a nonfunctional or absent transmembrane domain and consequently to a loss of surface antigen. This irreversible loss of CD19 advocates for an alternative targeting or combination CAR approach.
Collapse
|
86
|
Hehir-Kwa JY, Tops BBJ, Kemmeren P. The clinical implementation of copy number detection in the age of next-generation sequencing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:907-915. [PMID: 30221560 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1523723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of copy number variants (CNVs) in disease is now well established. In parallel NGS technologies, such as long-read technologies, there is continual development and data analysis methods continue to be refined. Clinical exome sequencing data is now a reality for many diagnostic laboratories in both congenital genetics and oncology. This provides the ability to detect and report both SNVs and structural variants, including CNVs, using a single assay for a wide range of patient cohorts. Areas covered: Currently, whole-genome sequencing is mainly restricted to research applications and clinical utility studies. Furthermore, detecting the full-size spectrum of CNVs as well as somatic events remains difficult for both exome and whole-genome sequencing. As a result, the full extent of genomic variants in an individual's genome is still largely unknown. Recently, new sequencing technologies have been introduced which maintain the long-range genomic context, aiding the detection of CNVs and structural variants. Expert commentary: The development of long-read sequencing promises to resolve many CNV and SV detection issues but is yet to become established. The current challenge for clinical CNV detection is how to fully exploit all the data which is generated by high throughput sequencing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- a Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- a Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Patrick Kemmeren
- a Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Yap YS, Singh AP, Lim JHC, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Kim J, Dent RA, Ng RCH, Kim SB, Chiang DY. Elucidating therapeutic molecular targets in premenopausal Asian women with recurrent breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:19. [PMID: 30062102 PMCID: PMC6062514 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an increasing problem in Asia, with a higher proportion of premenopausal patients who are at higher risk of recurrence. Targeted sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from primary tumor specimens of 63 premenopausal Asian patients who relapsed after initial diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer. The most prevalent alterations included: TP53 (65%); PIK3CA (32%); GATA3 (29%); ERBB2 (27%); MYC (25%); KMT2C (21%); MCL1 (17%); PRKDC, TPR, BRIP1 (14%); MDM4, PCDH15, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B (13%); CCND1, KMT2D, STK11, and MLH1 (11%). Sixty of the 63 patients (95%) had at least one genetic alteration in a signaling pathway related to cell cycle or p53 signaling. The presence of MCL1 amplification, HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network pathway alterations, and direct p53 effectors pathway alterations were independent predictors of inferior overall survival from initial diagnosis. Comparison with non-Asian premenopausal tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a higher prevalence of TP53 mutations among HER2-positive cancers, and more frequent TP53, TET2, and CDK12 mutations among hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative cancers in our cohort. Given the limited number of non-Asian premenopausal breast cancers that had relapsed in TCGA, we compared the frequency of mutations in our cohort with 43 premenopausal specimens from both TCGA and International Cancer Genome Consortium that had relapsed. There was a trend toward higher prevalence of TP53 mutations in our cohort. Certain genomic aberrations may be enriched in tumors of poor-prognosis premenopausal Asian breast cancers. The development of novel therapies targeting these aberrations merit further research. Younger women in Asia with recurrent breast cancer seem to have a higher rate of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 than do women elsewhere—a finding that could guide drug development in Asia. Yoon-Sim Yap from the
National Cancer Centre Singapore and coworkers sequenced DNA extracted from the tumor samples of 63 premenopausal women from Singapore and South Korea who relapsed following treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer. The researchers analyzed hundreds of cancer-related genes, and found that the vast majority of women harbored mutations in at least one gene linked to regulating the cell cycle of TP53 signaling. The prevalence of mutations in certain genes, including TP53 itself, was higher than observed previously in non-Asian cohorts, highlighting the need to consider ethnic diversity in genomic studies of breast cancer and in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sim Yap
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,2Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angad P Singh
- 3Oncology Next-Generation Diagnostics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - John H C Lim
- 4Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hee Ahn
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hae Jung
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca A Dent
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C H Ng
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Derek Y Chiang
- 3Oncology Next-Generation Diagnostics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Pal SK, Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits JH, Berger R, Quinn DI, Galsky MD, Wolf J, Dittrich C, Keam B, Delord JP, Schellens JHM, Gravis G, Medioni J, Maroto P, Sriuranpong V, Charoentum C, Burris HA, Grünwald V, Petrylak D, Vaishampayan U, Gez E, De Giorgi U, Lee JL, Voortman J, Gupta S, Sharma S, Mortazavi A, Vaughn DJ, Isaacs R, Parker K, Chen X, Yu K, Porter D, Graus Porta D, Bajorin DF. Efficacy of BGJ398, a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-3 Inhibitor, in Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma with FGFR3 Alterations. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:812-821. [PMID: 29848605 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BGJ398, a potent and selective pan-FGFR antagonist, was prospectively evaluated in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma bearing a diverse array of FGFR3 alterations. Patients (N = 67) who were unable to receive platinum chemotherapy were enrolled. The majority (70.1%) had received two or more prior antineoplastic therapies. BGJ398 was administered orally at 125 mg/day on a 3 weeks on, 1 week off schedule until unacceptable toxicity or progression. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Among 67 patients treated, an overall response rate of 25.4% was observed and an additional 38.8% of patients had disease stabilization, translating to a disease control rate of 64.2%. The most common treatment-emergent toxicities were hyperphosphatemia, elevated creatinine, fatigue, constipation, and decreased appetite. Further examination of BGJ398 in this disease setting is warranted.Significance: BJG398 is active in patients with alterations in FGFR3, resulting in both reductions in tumor volume and stabilization of disease. Our data highlight putative mechanisms of resistance to the agent, which may be useful in following disease status. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 812-21. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 781.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juergen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Dittrich
- Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna (ACR-ITR VIEnna), Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Maroto
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virote Sriuranpong
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Viktor Grünwald
- Medical School Hannover, Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Eliahu Gez
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov), Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Instituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jens Voortman
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute (University of Utah), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute (University of Utah), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David J Vaughn
- Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Randi Isaacs
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Katie Parker
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Xueying Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Kun Yu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dale Porter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dean F Bajorin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Vossen DM, Verhagen CVM, Verheij M, Wessels LFA, Vens C, van den Brekel MWM. Comparative genomic analysis of oral versus laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 81:35-44. [PMID: 29884412 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows lower locoregional control and disease specific survival rates than laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (L/P-SCC) after definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment. Despite clinical factors, this can point towards a different tumor biology that could impact chemoradiotherapy response rates. This prompted us to compare the mutational profiles of OSCC with L/P-SCC. METHODS We performed target capture DNA sequencing on 111 HPV-negative HNSCC samples (NKI dataset), 55 oral and 56 laryngeal/pharyngeal, and identified somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations. We next expanded our analysis with 276 OSCC and 134 L/P-SCC sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA dataset). We focused our analyses on genes that are frequently mutated in HNSCC. RESULTS The mutational profiles of OSCC and L/P-SCC showed many similarities. However, OSCC was significantly enriched for CASP8 (NKI: 15% vs 0%; TCGA: 17% vs 2%) and HRAS (TCGA: 10% vs 1%) mutations. LAMA2 (TCGA: 5% vs 19%) and NSD1 (TCGA: 7% vs 25%) mutations were enriched in L/P-SCC. Overall, we find that OSCC had fewer somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations than L/P-SCC. Interestingly, L/P-SCC scored higher in mutational and genomic scar signatures associated with homologous recombination DNA repair defects. CONCLUSION Despite showing a similar mutational profile, our comparative genomic analysis revealed distinctive features in OSCC and L/P-SCC. Some of these genes and cellular processes are likely to affect the cellular response to radiation or cisplatin. Genomic characterizations may guide or enable personalized treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Vossen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Dagogo-Jack I, Brannon AR, Ferris LA, Campbell CD, Lin JJ, Schultz KR, Ackil J, Stevens S, Dardaei L, Yoda S, Hubbeling H, Digumarthy SR, Riester M, Hata AN, Sequist LV, Lennes IT, Iafrate AJ, Heist RS, Azzoli CG, Farago AF, Engelman JA, Lennerz JK, Benes CH, Leary RJ, Shaw AT, Gainor JF. Tracking the Evolution of Resistance to ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through Longitudinal Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 29376144 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose ALK rearrangements predict for sensitivity to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, responses to ALK TKIs are generally short-lived. Serial molecular analysis is an informative strategy for identifying genetic mediators of resistance. Although multiple studies support the clinical benefits of repeat tissue sampling, the clinical utility of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA analysis has not been established in ALK-positive lung cancer. Methods Using a 566-gene hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay, we performed longitudinal analysis of plasma specimens from 22 ALK-positive patients with acquired resistance to ALK TKIs to track the evolution of resistance during treatment. To determine tissue-plasma concordance, we compared plasma findings to results of repeat biopsies. Results At progression, we detected an ALK fusion in plasma from 19 (86%) of 22 patients, and identified ALK resistance mutations in plasma specimens from 11 (50%) patients. There was 100% agreement between tissue- and plasma-detected ALK fusions. Among 16 cases where contemporaneous plasma and tissue specimens were available, we observed 100% concordance between ALK mutation calls. ALK mutations emerged and disappeared during treatment with sequential ALK TKIs, suggesting that plasma mutation profiles were dependent on the specific TKI administered. ALK G1202R, the most frequent plasma mutation detected after progression on a second-generation TKI, was consistently suppressed during treatment with lorlatinib. Conclusions Plasma genotyping by NGS is an effective method for detecting ALK fusions and ALK mutations in patients progressing on ALK TKIs. The correlation between plasma ALK mutations and response to distinct ALK TKIs highlights the potential for plasma analysis to guide selection of ALK-directed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rose Brannon
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lorin A Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jessica J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jennifer Ackil
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Harper Hubbeling
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Inga T Lennes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Anna F Farago
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|