51
|
Gómez-Govea MA, Ramírez-Ahuja MDL, Contreras-Perera Y, Jiménez-Camacho AJ, Ruiz-Ayma G, Villanueva-Segura OK, Trujillo-Rodríguez GDJ, Delgado-Enciso I, Martínez-Fierro ML, Manrique-Saide P, Puerta-Guardo H, Flores-Suárez AE, Ponce-García G, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP. Suppression of Midgut Microbiota Impact Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:761459. [PMID: 35979482 PMCID: PMC9376455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.761459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that transmits viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. The insect’s microbiota is recognized for regulating several biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, egg production, development, and immune response. However, the role of the bacteria involved in insecticide susceptibility has not been established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the resident microbiota in a field population of A. aegypti to evaluate its role associated with susceptibility to the insecticides permethrin and deltamethrin. Mosquitoes were fed 10% sucrose mixed with antibiotics and then exposed to insecticides using a diagnostic dose. DNA was extracted, and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA was carried out on Illumina® MiSeq™. Proteobacteria (92.4%) and Bacteroidetes (7.6%) were the phyla, which are most abundant in mosquitoes fed with sucrose 10%. After exposure to permethrin, the most abundant bacterial species were Pantoea agglomerans (38.4%) and Pseudomonas azotoformans-fluorescens-synxantha (14.2%). Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (38.4%) and Ps. azotoformans-fluorescens-synxantha (26.1%) were the most abundant after exposure to deltamethrin. Our results showed a decrease in mosquitoes’ survival when exposed to permethrin, while no difference in survival when exposed to deltamethrin when the microbiota was modified. We found that the change in microbiota modifies the response of mosquitoes to permethrin. These results are essential for a better understanding of mosquito physiology in response to insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Gómez-Govea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Ramírez-Ahuja
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Armando J. Jiménez-Camacho
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ruiz-Ayma
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Biológía de la Conservación, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Olga Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gerardo de Jesús Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita L. Martínez-Fierro
- Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Adriana E. Flores-Suárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Iram P. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Iram P. Rodríguez-Sánchez,
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Bertolini AB, Prado AM, Thyssen PJ, Mioni MDSR, de Gouvea FLR, Leite DDS, Langoni H, Pantoja JCDF, Rall VM, Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Guerra ST, Hernandes RT, Lucheis SB, Ribeiro MG. Prevalence of bovine mastitis‐related pathogens, identified by mass spectrometry in flies (Insecta, Diptera) captured in the milking environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1232-1245. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bezerra Bertolini
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Aline Marrara Prado
- Department of Animal Biology Biology Institute, University of Campinas‐UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | - Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Fábio Lucas Rezende de Gouvea
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | | | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Vera Moraes Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Felipe Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Sâmea Fernandes Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Simony Trevizan Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | | | - Simone Baldini Lucheis
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Möhlmann TWR, Ter Braak CJF, Te Beest DE, Hendriks M, Nijhuis EH, Warris S, Drolet BS, van Overbeek L, Koenraadt CJM. Species Identity, Life History, and Geographic Distance Influence Gut Bacterial Communities in Lab-Reared and European Field-Collected Culicoides Biting midges. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:267-284. [PMID: 34436640 PMCID: PMC9250918 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are part of the insect gut system and influence many physiological traits of their host. Gut bacteria may even reduce or block the transmission of arboviruses in several species of arthropod vectors. Culicoides biting midges are important arboviral vectors of several livestock and wildlife diseases, yet limited information is available on their gut bacterial communities. Addressing this gap will help inform how these communities can be manipulated and ultimately used as novel tools to control pathogens. To assess how bacterial communities change during the life stages of lab-reared C. nubeculosus and C. sonorensis, endosymbiotic bacteria were identified using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA and taxonomically characterised. Analyses were conducted to determine how gut bacterial communities in adults are influenced by species identity and geographic distance among biting midge populations. Communities of the two lab-reared Culicoides species significantly changed after pupation and with maturation into 6-day-old adults. Pseudomonas, Burkholderiaceae and Leucobacter bacteria were part of a core community that was trans-stadially transmitted and found throughout their life cycle. Among field-collected biting midges, the bacterial communities were unique for almost each species. Cardinium, Rickettsia and Wolbachia were some of the most abundant bacteria in midges collected from wetlands. Only Pseudomonas was present in high relative abundance in all field-collected species. In this study, species identity, as well as geographic distance, influenced the gut bacterial communities and may partly explain known inter- and intra-species variability in vector competence. Additionally, stably associated bacterial species could be candidates for paratransgenic strategies to control vector-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim W R Möhlmann
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cajo J F Ter Braak
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis E Te Beest
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hendriks
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els H Nijhuis
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Warris
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Leo van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantianus J M Koenraadt
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bidirectional Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis Communication Influences Metabolic Switch-Associated Responses in the Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111798. [PMID: 35681493 PMCID: PMC9180301 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodic ingestion of a protein-rich blood meal by adult female mosquitoes causes a drastic metabolic change in their innate physiological status, which is referred to as a ‘metabolic switch’. While understanding the neural circuits for host-seeking is modestly attended, how the gut ‘metabolic switch’ modulates brain functions, and resilience to physiological homeostasis, remains unexplored. Here, through a comparative brain RNA-Seq study, we demonstrate that the protein-rich diet induces the expression of brain transcripts related to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, possibly causing a shift in the brain’s engagement to manage organismal homeostasis. A dynamic mRNA expression pattern of neuro-signaling and neuro-modulatory genes in both the gut and brain likely establishes an active gut–brain communication. The disruption of this communication through decapitation does not affect the modulation of the neuro-modulator receptor genes in the gut. In parallel, an unusual and paramount shift in the level of neurotransmitters (NTs), from the brain to the gut after blood feeding, further supports the idea of the gut’s ability to serve as a ‘second brain’. After blood-feeding, a moderate enrichment of the gut microbial population, and altered immunity in the gut of histamine receptor-silenced mosquitoes, provide initial evidence that the gut-microbiome plays a crucial role in gut–brain–axis communication. Finally, a comparative metagenomics evaluation of the gut microbiome highlighted that blood-feeding enriches the family members of the Morganellaceae and Pseudomonadaceae bacterial communities. The notable observation of a rapid proliferation of Pseudomonas bacterial sp. and tryptophan enrichment in the gut correlates with the suppression of appetite after blood-feeding. Additionally, altered NTs dynamics of naïve and aseptic mosquitoes provide further evidence that gut-endosymbionts are key modulators for the synthesis of major neuroactive molecules. Our data establish a new conceptual understanding of microbiome–gut–brain–axis communication in mosquitoes.
Collapse
|
55
|
Kaavya K, Tharakan J, Joshi CO, Aneesh EM. Role of vertically transmitted viral and bacterial endosymbionts of Aedes mosquitoes. Does Paratransgenesis influence vector-borne disease control? Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
56
|
Caragata EP, Short SM. Vector microbiota and immunity: modulating arthropod susceptibility to vertebrate pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100875. [PMID: 35065286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods, including mosquitoes, sand flies, tsetse flies, and ticks are vectors of many bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens that cause serious disease in humans and animals. Their microbiota, that is, all microorganisms that dwell within their tissues, can impact vector immunity and susceptibility to pathogen infection. Historically, host-pathogen-microbiota interactions have not been well described, with little known about mechanism. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding how individual microorganisms and microbial communities interact with vectors and human pathogens, the mechanisms they utilize to achieve these effects, and the potential for exploiting these interactions to control pathogen transmission. These studies fill important knowledge gaps and further our understanding of the roles that the vector microbiota plays in pathogen transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Caragata
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Sarah M Short
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ratcliffe NA, Furtado Pacheco JP, Dyson P, Castro HC, Gonzalez MS, Azambuja P, Mello CB. Overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:112. [PMID: 35361286 PMCID: PMC8969276 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. It first briefly summarises some of the disease-causing pathogens vectored by insects and emphasises the need for innovative control methods to counter the threat of resistance by both the vector insect to pesticides and the pathogens to therapeutic drugs. Subsequently, the state of art of paratransgenesis is described, which is a particularly ingenious method currently under development in many important vector insects that could provide an additional powerful tool for use in integrated pest control programmes. The requirements and recent advances of the paratransgenesis technique are detailed and an overview is given of the microorganisms selected for genetic modification, the effector molecules to be expressed and the environmental spread of the transgenic bacteria into wild insect populations. The results of experimental models of paratransgenesis developed with triatomines, mosquitoes, sandflies and tsetse flies are analysed. Finally, the regulatory and safety rules to be satisfied for the successful environmental release of the genetically engineered organisms produced in paratransgenesis are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil. .,Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - João P Furtado Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Gonzalez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cicero B Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Didion EM, Doyle M, Benoit JB. Bacterial Communities of Lab and Field Northern House Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Throughout Diapause. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:648-658. [PMID: 34747999 PMCID: PMC8924969 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is a hormonally driven response which is triggered by environmental cues that signal impending adverse conditions and prompts metabolic, developmental, and behavioral changes to allow survival until the return of favorable conditions. Microbial symbionts have been shown to influence the metabolism, development, and behavior of their host organisms, all of which are common diapause-associated characteristics. Surveys of bacterial components in relation to diapause have been examined in few systems, of which the species are usually inactive during dormancy, such as eggs or pupae. This is specifically intriguing as adult female diapause in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) can last between 4 and 7 mo and females remain mobile within their hibernacula. Furthermore, it is unknown how microbiota changes associated with prolonged dormancy are different between the lab and field for insect systems. This study aims to characterize how the microbiota of C. pipiens changes throughout diapause under both field and lab settings when provided identical food and water resources. Based on these studies, C. pipiens microbiota shifts as diapause progresses and there are considerable differences between field and lab individuals even when provided the same carbohydrate and water sources. Specific bacterial communities have more association with different periods of diapause, field and lab rearing conditions, and nutritional reserve levels. These studies highlight that diapausing mosquito microbiota studies ideally should occur in field mesocosms and at multiple locations, to increase applicability to wild C. pipiens as prolonged exposure to artificial rearing conditions could impact metrics related to diapause-microbiome interactions. Additionally, these findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to establish if the microbiota shift during diapause impacts host physiology and whether this shift is critical to diapause success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Didion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: ;
| | - Megan Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
do Nascimento RM, Campolina TB, Chaves BA, Delgado JLF, Godoy RSM, Pimenta PFP, Secundino NFC. The influence of culture-dependent native microbiota in Zika virus infection in Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:57. [PMID: 35177110 PMCID: PMC8851793 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a recurring threat to tropical countries, mainly due to the abundance and distribution of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is a vector of the Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever arboviruses. Methods Female 3–5 day-old Ae. aegypti were distributed into two experimental groups: group I—survey of cultivable bacteria; sucrose group: fed only on sucrose, i.e., non-blood-fed (UF); blood-fed group: (i) fed with non-infected blood (BF); (ii) fed with blood infected with the Zika virus (BZIKV); (iii) pretreated with penicillin/streptomycin (pen/strep), and fed with non-infected blood (TBF); (iv) pretreated with pen/strep and fed blood infected with ZIKV, i.e., gravid with developed ovaries, (TGZIKV); group II—experimental co-infections: bacteria genera isolated from the group fed on sucrose, i.e., non-blood-fed (UF). Results Using the cultivable method and the same mosquito colony and ZIKV strain described by in a previous work, our results reveled 11 isolates (Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Cedecea, Cellulosimicrobium, Elizabethkingia, Enterobacter, Lysinibacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus). Enterobacter was present in all evaluated groups (i.e., UF, BF, BZIKV, TBF, and TGZIKV), whereas Elizabethkingia was present in the UF, BZIKV, and TBF groups. Pseudomonas was present in the BZIKV and TBF groups, whereas Staphylococcus was present in the TBF and TGZIKV groups. The only genera of bacteria that were found to be present in only one group were Aeromonas, Lysinibacillus, and Serratia (UF); Cedacea, Pantoea and Acinetobacter (BF); and Cellulosimicrobium (BZIKV). The mosquitoes co-infected with ZIKV plus the isolates group fed on sucrose (UF) showed interference in the outcome of infection. Conclusions We demonstrate that the distinct feeding aspects assessed herein influence the composition of bacterial diversity. In the co-infection, among ZIKV, Ae. aegypti and the bacterial isolates, the ZIKV/Lysinibacillus–Ae. aegypti had the lowest number of viral copies in the head-SG, which means that it negatively affects vector competence. However, when the saliva was analyzed after forced feeding, no virus was detected in the mosquito groups ZIKV/Lysinibacillus–Lu. longipalpis and Ae. aegypti; the combination of ZIKV/Serratia may interfere in salivation. This indicates that the combinations do not produce viable viruses and may have great potential as a method of biological control. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05160-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rêgila Mello do Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Thais Bonifácio Campolina
- Laboratorio de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, IRR-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara Aparecida Chaves
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Soares Maia Godoy
- Laboratorio de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Laboratorio de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, IRR-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nagila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Laboratorio de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, IRR-FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li J, Wei X, Huang D, Xiao J. The Phylosymbiosis Pattern Between the Fig Wasps of the Same Genus and Their Associated Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:800190. [PMID: 35237241 PMCID: PMC8882959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities can be critical for many metazoans, which can lead to the observation of phylosymbiosis with phylogenetically related species sharing similar microbial communities. Most of the previous studies on phylosymbiosis were conducted across the host families or genera. However, it is unclear whether the phylosymbiosis signal is still prevalent at lower taxonomic levels. In this study, 54 individuals from six species of the fig wasp genus Ceratosolen (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) collected from nine natural populations and their associated microbiota were investigated. The fig wasp species were morphologically identified and further determined by mitochondrial CO1 gene fragments and nuclear ITS2 sequences, and the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to analyze the bacterial communities. The results suggest a significant positive correlation between host genetic characteristics and microbial diversity characteristics, indicating the phylosymbiosis signal between the phylogeny of insect hosts and the associated microbiota in the lower classification level within a genus. Moreover, we found that the endosymbiotic Wolbachia carried by fig wasps led to a decrease in bacterial diversity of host-associated microbial communities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of host phylogeny, as well as the role of endosymbionts in shaping the host-associated microbial community.
Collapse
|
61
|
Zouache K, Martin E, Rahola N, Gangue MF, Minard G, Dubost A, Van VT, Dickson L, Ayala D, Lambrechts L, Moro CV. Larval habitat determines the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6526867. [PMID: 35147188 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito larvae are naturally exposed to microbial communities present in a variety of larval development sites. Several earlier studies have highlighted that the larval habitat influences the composition of the larval bacterial microbiota. However, little information is available on their fungal microbiota, i.e. the mycobiota. In this study, we provide the first simultaneous characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiota in field-collected Aedes aegypti larvae and their respective aquatic habitats. We evaluated whether the microbial communities associated with the breeding site may affect the composition of both the bacterial and fungal communities in Ae. aegypti larvae. Our results show a higher similarity in microbial community structure for both bacteria and fungi between larvae and the water in which larvae develop than between larvae from different breeding sites. This supports the hypothesis that larval habitat is a major factor driving microbial composition in mosquito larvae. Since the microbiota plays an important role in mosquito biology, unravelling the network of interactions that operate between bacteria and fungi is essential to better understand the functioning of the mosquito holobiont.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Zouache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Edwige Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nil Rahola
- CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.,UMR MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Dubost
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Van Tran Van
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laura Dickson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Diego Ayala
- CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.,UMR MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Frankel-Bricker J, Frankel LK. Re-Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Data Sets Uncovers Disparate Laboratory-Specific Microbiomes Associated with the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:167-181. [PMID: 33797563 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Host-microbiome dynamics occurring in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) contribute to host life history traits, and particular bacterial taxa are proposed to comprise a "core" microbiota that influences host physiology. Laboratory-based studies are frequently performed to investigate these processes; however, experimental results are often presumed to be generalizable across laboratories, and few efforts have been made to independently reproduce and replicate significant findings. A recent study by Muturi et al. (FEMS Microbiol Ecol 95 (1):213, 2019) demonstrated the food source imbibed by laboratory-reared adult female mosquitoes significantly impacted the host-associated microbiota-a foundational finding in the field of mosquito biology worthy of independent evaluation. Here, we coalesce these data with two additional mosquito-derived 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets using a unifying bioinformatics pipeline to reproduce the characterization of these microbiota, test for a significant food source effect when independent samples were added to the analyses, assess whether similarly fed mosquito microbiomes were comparable across laboratories, and identify conserved bacterial taxa. Our pipeline characterized similar microbiome composition and structure from the data published previously, and a significant food source effect was detected with the addition of independent samples, increasing the robustness of this previously discovered component of mosquito biology. However, distinct microbial communities were identified from similarly fed but independently reared mosquitoes, and surveys across all samples did not identify conserved bacterial taxa. These findings demonstrated that while the main effect of the food source was supported, laboratory-specific conditions may produce inherently differential microbiomes across independent laboratory environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie K Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Caragata EP, Otero LM, Tikhe CV, Barrera R, Dimopoulos G. Microbial Diversity of Adult Aedes aegypti and Water Collected from Different Mosquito Aquatic Habitats in Puerto Rico. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:182-201. [PMID: 33860847 PMCID: PMC11328149 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, the major vectors of viruses like dengue, are naturally host to diverse microorganisms, which play an important role in their development, fecundity, immunity, and vector competence. The composition of their microbiota is strongly influenced by the environment, particularly their aquatic larval habitat. In this study, we used 2×300 bp 16s Illumina sequencing to compare the microbial profiles of emerging adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the water collected from common types of aquatic habitat containers in Puerto Rico, which has endemic dengue transmission. We sequenced 141 mosquito and 46 water samples collected from plastic containers, septic tanks, discarded tires, underground trash cans, tree holes, or water meters. We identified 9 bacterial genera that were highly prevalent in the mosquito microbiome, and 77 for the microbiome of the aquatic habitat. The most abundant mosquito-associated bacterial OTUs were from the families Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae. Microbial profiles varied greatly between mosquitoes, and there were few major differences explained by container type; however, the microbiome of mosquitoes from plastic containers was more diverse and contained more unique taxa than the other groups. Container water was significantly more diverse than mosquitoes, and our data suggest that mosquitoes filter out many bacteria, with Alphaproteobacteria in particular being far more abundant in water. These findings provide novel insight into the microbiome of mosquitoes in the region and provide a platform to improve our understanding of the fundamental mosquito-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Caragata
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L M Otero
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Entomology and Ecology Team, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - C V Tikhe
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Barrera
- Entomology and Ecology Team, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - G Dimopoulos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Agonhossou R, Akoton R, Dossou YA, Avokpaho E, Mbama DNJ, Boussougou-Sambe TS, Francis NN, Ndo C, Ntoumi F, Wondji CS, Adegnika AA, Borrmann S, Issifou S, Djogbénou LS. Surveillance of Plasmodium malariae infection among inhabitants of rural areas in Ouidah-Kpomasse-Tori Bossito health district, Benin. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:275-286. [PMID: 34981216 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the Plasmodium species that infect humans, P. falciparum has been largely studied in malaria endemic areas. However, P. malariae infection is less documented among the human population. This study aimed to monitor the prevalence and distribution of P. malariae in Southern Benin. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural localities in the Ouidah-Kpomasse-Tori Bossito (OKT) health district in Southern Benin from June to October 2019. Socio-demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, while malaria infection data were obtained on the one hand by microscopy diagnosis and, on the other, by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on microscopy, the prevalence of P. malariae mono-infection and coinfection of P. falciparum, P. malariae was respectively 2.3% and 1.2% in the OKT health district. This prevalence was higher (P < 0.01) than that reported by Damien et al. (2010) 10 years ago in the same study area with 0.7% and 0.3% of P. malariae and P. falciparum/P. malariae, respectively. Based on PCR analysis, P. malariae prevalence was 14.1%, including 5.2% of mono-infection and 8.9% of mixed infection with P. falciparum. Sub-microscopic Plasmodium infections were high (30.6%) and more pronounced in older participants (>20 years). The present study revealed that P. malariae increased in the OKT health district with a high prevalence of submicroscopic infection. Since our results provide valuable evidence of increasing P. malariae infection, the National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) must consider P. malariae when designing future measures for effective control and malaria treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Agonhossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Romaric Akoton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin.
| | - Yannelle A Dossou
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Euripide Avokpaho
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Dollon N J Mbama
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Terence S Boussougou-Sambe
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nongley N Francis
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Centre Region, Yaounde, 237, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, South West, Buea, 237, Cameroon
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Centre Region, Yaounde, 237, Cameroon
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Centre Region, Yaounde, 237, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ayola A Adegnika
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saadou Issifou
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP : 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Microbial Composition in Larval Water Enhances Aedes aegypti Development but Reduces Transmissibility of Zika Virus. mSphere 2021; 6:e0068721. [PMID: 34878293 PMCID: PMC8653847 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00687-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses comprise a significant global disease burden. Surveillance and mitigation of arboviruses like Zika virus (ZIKV) require accurate estimates of transmissibility by vector mosquitoes. Although Aedes species mosquitoes are established as competent ZIKV vectors, differences in experimental protocols across studies prevent direct comparisons of relative transmissibility. An understudied factor complicating these comparisons is differential environmental microbiota exposures, where most vector competence studies use mosquitoes reared in laboratory tap water, which does not represent the microbial complexity of environmental water where wild larvae develop. We simulated natural larval development by rearing Californian Aedes aegypti larvae with microbes obtained from cemetery headstone water compared to conventional tap water. A. aegypti larvae reared in environmental cemetery water pupated 3 days faster and at higher rates. Mosquitoes reared in environmental water were less competent vectors of ZIKV than laboratory water-reared A. aegypti, as evidenced by significantly reduced infection and transmission rates. Microbiome comparisons of laboratory water- and environment water-reared mosquitoes and their rearing water showed significantly higher bacterial diversity in environment water. Despite this pattern, corresponding differences in bacterial diversity were not consistently observed between the respective adult mosquitoes. We also observed that the microbial compositions of adult mosquitoes differed more by whether they ingested a bloodmeal than by larval water type. Together, these results highlight the role of transient microbes in the larval environment in modulating A. aegypti vector competence for ZIKV. Laboratory vector competence likely overestimates the true transmissibility of arboviruses like ZIKV when conventional laboratory water is used for rearing. IMPORTANCE We observed that A. aegypti mosquitoes reared in water from cemetery headstones instead of the laboratory tap exhibited a reduced capacity to become infected with and transmit Zika virus. Water from the environment contained more bacterial species than tap water, but these bacteria were not consistently detected in adult mosquitoes. Our results suggest that rearing mosquito larvae in water collected from local environments as opposed to laboratory tap water, as is conventional, could provide a more realistic assessment of ZIKV vector competence since it better recapitulates the natural environment in which larvae develop. Given that laboratory vector competence is used to define the species to target for control, the use of environmental water to rear larvae could better approximate the microbial exposures of wild mosquitoes, lessening the potential for overestimating ZIKV transmission risk. These studies raise the question of whether rearing larvae in natural water sources also reduces vector competence for other mosquito-borne viruses.
Collapse
|
66
|
Díaz S, Camargo C, Avila FW. Characterization of the reproductive tract bacterial microbiota of virgin, mated, and blood-fed Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:592. [PMID: 34852835 PMCID: PMC8638121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are vectors of numerous arboviruses that adversely affect human health. In mosquito vectors of disease, the bacterial microbiota influence several physiological processes, including fertility and vector competence, making manipulation of the bacterial community a promising method to control mosquito vectors. In this study, we describe the reproductive tract tissue microbiota of lab-reared virgin Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus males, and virgin, mated, and mated + blood-fed females of each species, comparing the bacterial composition found there to the well-described gut microbiota. Methods We performed metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA isolated from the gut, upper reproductive tract (URT; testes or ovaries), and lower reproductive tract (LRT; males: seminal vesicles and accessory glands; females: oviduct, spermathecae, and bursa) for each species, and evaluated the influence of host species, tissue, nutritional status, and reproductive status on microbiota composition. Finally, based on the identified taxonomic profiles of the tissues assessed, bacterial metabolic pathway abundance was predicted. Results The community structure of the reproductive tract is unique compared to the gut. Asaia is the most prevalent OTU in the LRTs of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. In the URT, we observed differences between species, with Wolbachia OTUs being dominant in the Ae. albopictus URT, while Enterobacter and Serratia were dominant in Ae. aegypti URT. Host species and tissue were the best predictors of the community composition compared to reproductive status (i.e., virgin or mated) and nutritional status (i.e., sugar or blood-fed). The predicted functional profile shows changes in the abundance of specific microbial pathways that are associated with mating and blood-feeding, like energy production in mated tissues and siderophore synthesis in blood-fed female tissues. Conclusions Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus have distinct differences in the composition of microbiota found in the reproductive tract. The distribution of the bacterial taxonomic groups indicates that some bacteria have tissue-specific tropism for reproductive tract tissue, such as Asaia and Wolbachia. No significant differences in the taxonomic composition were observed in the reproductive tract between virgin, mated, and mated + blood-fed females, but changes in the abundance of specific metabolic pathways were found in the predicted microbial functional profiles in mated and blood-fed females. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05093-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Díaz
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Carolina Camargo
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Frank W Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Antioquia, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lin D, Zheng X, Sanogo B, Ding T, Sun X, Wu Z. Bacterial composition of midgut and entire body of laboratory colonies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Southern China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:586. [PMID: 34838108 PMCID: PMC8626967 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are invasive mosquito species and significantly impact human health in southern China. Microbiota are confirmed to affect the development and immunity of mosquitoes. However, scientists have focused more on midgut microbiota of female mosquitoes and bacterial differences between female and male Aedes mosquitoes. The relationship between the midgut and entire body microbiota of Aedes is unclear. In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. METHODS In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS A total of 341 OTUs were identified, showing that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and Methylobacterium the dominant genus in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The bacterial diversity and community structures of the entire bodies were similar between males and females in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Conversely, the bacterial compositions of male and female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were significantly different. NMDS analysis, UPGMA analysis, diversity indices and OTU distribution demonstrated that compositions and structures in midgut microbiota were similar but significantly different in the entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Functional prediction analysis showed that metabolism and environmental information processing were the dominant KEGG pathways at level 1. Our study showed that there were significantly different level 2 and 3 KEGG pathways in the midgut microbiota (16 level 2 and 24 level 3) and the entire bodies (33 level 2 and 248 level 3) between female Aedes albopictus and Aedes Aegypti. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus reared in the same laboratory harbor a similar gut bacterial microbiome but different entire body microbiota imply that the gut microbiota of adult mosquitoes is environmentally determined regardless of the host genotype, but the entire body microbiota is more genetically determined. Our findings improved the understanding of the microbiota in the entire and partial tissues of Aedes mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjamin Sanogo
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Pereira MH, Mohanty AK, Garg S, Tyagi S, Kumar A. Characterization of midgut microbiome of Anopheles stephensi Liston. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:74-84. [PMID: 34818867 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.289392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Anopheles stephensi is an important vector of malaria in South East Asia. The abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in the disease vectors affect their development, digestion, metabolism and immunity. The immatures of An. stephensi engulf microbes from their aquatic environment. The present study investigates midgut microbiota of wild and laboratory populations and compares it with their habitat bacterial diversity to study transstadial transmissibility. METHODS The gut microbes from immatures, adults and water samples were cultured at ambient conditions on different media. The colony and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of gut microbes were studied. RESULTS Altogether, 298 bacterial isolates were characterized as 21 genera belonging to four major Phyla viz., Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In the field population-1, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes accounted for 49% and Actinobacteria constituted 51% of the bacterial isolates. In field population-2, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes accounted for 99% of the isolates. In the laboratory populations, Firmicutes constituted 77%, while Proteobacteria 23% of the isolates. Additionally, 9 genera occurred in the breeding habitats, 13 in the larval midgut, 6 in pupal midgut, 9 in male midgut and 10 in the female midgut. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This is a unique study on diversity of microbiota of An. stephensi from breeding water, developmental stages and adults. Different culture media used enhanced the isolation of diverse bacteria. The presence of Micrococcus and Leucobacter in different life stages indicates their adaptation in An. stephensi as symbionts which need further evaluation for their role in paratransgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minisha Heracl Pereira
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, DHS Building, Campal, Panaji, Goa, India; Department of Zoology, Goa University, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Mohanty
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, DHS Building, Campal, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Suchi Tyagi
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Singh S, Singh A, Baweja V, Roy A, Chakraborty A, Singh IK. Molecular Rationale of Insect-Microbes Symbiosis-From Insect Behaviour to Mechanism. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122422. [PMID: 34946024 PMCID: PMC8707026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects nurture a panoply of microbial populations that are often obligatory and exist mutually with their hosts. Symbionts not only impact their host fitness but also shape the trajectory of their phenotype. This co-constructed niche successfully evolved long in the past to mark advanced ecological specialization. The resident microbes regulate insect nutrition by controlling their host plant specialization and immunity. It enhances the host fitness and performance by detoxifying toxins secreted by the predators and abstains them. The profound effect of a microbial population on insect physiology and behaviour is exploited to understand the host–microbial system in diverse taxa. Emergent research of insect-associated microbes has revealed their potential to modulate insect brain functions and, ultimately, control their behaviours, including social interactions. The revelation of the gut microbiota–brain axis has now unravelled insects as a cost-effective potential model to study neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural dysfunctions in humans. This article reviewed our knowledge about the insect–microbial system, an exquisite network of interactions operating between insects and microbes, its mechanistic insight that holds intricate multi-organismal systems in harmony, and its future perspectives. The demystification of molecular networks governing insect–microbial symbiosis will reveal the perplexing behaviours of insects that could be utilized in managing insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Varsha Baweja
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tawidian P, Coon KL, Jumpponen A, Cohnstaedt LW, Michel K. Host-Environment Interplay Shapes Fungal Diversity in Mosquitoes. mSphere 2021; 6:e0064621. [PMID: 34585960 PMCID: PMC8550294 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00646-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito larvae encounter diverse assemblages of bacteria (i.e., "microbiota") and fungi in the aquatic environments that they develop in. However, while a number of studies have addressed the diversity and function of microbiota in mosquito life history, relatively little is known about mosquito-fungus interactions outside several key fungal entomopathogens. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) metabarcode markers to provide the first simultaneous characterization of the fungal communities in field-collected Aedes albopictus larvae and their associated aquatic environments. Our results reveal unprecedented variation in fungal communities among adjacent but discrete larval breeding habitats. Our results also reveal a distinct fungal community assembly in the mosquito gut versus other tissues, with gut-associated fungal communities being most similar to those present in the environment where larvae feed. Altogether, our results identify the environment as the dominant factor shaping the fungal community associated with mosquito larvae, with no evidence of environmental filtering by the gut. These results also identify mosquito feeding behavior and fungal mode of nutrition as potential drivers of tissue-specific fungal community assembly after environmental acquisition. IMPORTANCE The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is the dominant mosquito species in the United States and an important vector of arboviruses of major public health concern. One aspect of mosquito control to curb mosquito-borne diseases has been the use of biological control agents such as fungal entomopathogens. Recent studies also demonstrate the impact of mosquito-associated microbial communities on various mosquito traits, including vector competence. However, while much research attention has been dedicated to understanding the diversity and function of mosquito-associated bacterial communities, relatively little is known about mosquito-associated fungal communities. A better understanding of the factors that drive fungal community diversity and assembly in mosquitoes will be essential for future efforts to target mosquito-associated bacteria and fungi for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patil Tawidian
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kerri L. Coon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Lee W. Cohnstaedt
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kristin Michel
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Dada N, Benedict AC, López F, Lol JC, Sheth M, Dzuris N, Padilla N, Lenhart A. Comprehensive characterization of internal and cuticle surface microbiota of laboratory-reared F 1 Anopheles albimanus originating from different sites. Malar J 2021; 20:414. [PMID: 34688298 PMCID: PMC8542342 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on mosquito-microbe interactions may lead to new tools for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control. To date, such research has largely utilized laboratory-reared mosquitoes that typically lack the microbial diversity of wild populations. A logical progression in this area involves working under controlled settings using field-collected mosquitoes or, in most cases, their progeny. Thus, an understanding of how laboratory colonization affects the assemblage of mosquito microbiota would aid in advancing mosquito microbiome studies and their applications beyond laboratory settings. Methods Using high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, the internal and cuticle surface microbiota of F1 progeny of wild-caught adult Anopheles albimanus from four locations in Guatemala were characterized. A total of 132 late instar larvae and 135 2–5 day-old, non-blood-fed virgin adult females that were reared under identical laboratory conditions, were pooled (3 individuals/pool) and analysed. Results Results showed location-associated heterogeneity in both F1 larval internal (p = 0.001; pseudo-F = 9.53) and cuticle surface (p = 0.001; pseudo-F = 8.51) microbiota, and only F1 adult cuticle surface (p = 0.001; pseudo-F = 4.5) microbiota, with a more homogenous adult internal microbiota (p = 0.12; pseudo-F = 1.6) across collection sites. Overall, ASVs assigned to Leucobacter, Thorsellia, Chryseobacterium and uncharacterized Enterobacteriaceae, dominated F1 larval internal microbiota, while Acidovorax, Paucibacter, and uncharacterized Comamonadaceae, dominated the larval cuticle surface. F1 adults comprised a less diverse microbiota compared to larvae, with ASVs assigned to the genus Asaia dominating both internal and cuticle surface microbiota, and constituting at least 70% of taxa in each microbial niche. Conclusions These results suggest that location-specific heterogeneity in filed mosquito microbiota can be transferred to F1 progeny under normal laboratory conditions, but this may not last beyond the F1 larval stage without adjustments to maintain field-derived microbiota. These findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of laboratory-colonized F1An. albimanus progeny from field-derived mothers. This provides a background for studying how parentage and environmental conditions differentially or concomitantly affect mosquito microbiome composition, and how this can be exploited in advancing mosquito microbiome studies and their applications beyond laboratory settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03934-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nsa Dada
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA. .,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Ana Cristina Benedict
- Grupo de Biología Y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Francisco López
- Grupo de Biología Y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Juan C Lol
- Grupo de Biología Y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Dzuris
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Norma Padilla
- Grupo de Biología Y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Mosquera KD, Martinez Villegas LE, Pidot SJ, Sharif C, Klimpel S, Stinear TP, Moreira LA, Tobias NJ, Lorenzo MG. Multi-Omic Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria Associated With Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703711. [PMID: 34475861 PMCID: PMC8406634 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito breeding sites are complex aquatic environments with wide microbial diversity and physicochemical parameters that can change over time during the development of immature insect stages. Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in water can alter life-history traits of adult mosquitos but this area remains understudied. Here, using microbial genomic and metabolomics analyses, we explored the metabolites associated with Aedes aegypti breeding sites as well as the potential contribution of Klebsiella sp., symbiotic bacteria highly associated with mosquitoes. We sought to address whether breeding sites have a signature metabolic profile and understand the metabolite contribution of the bacteria in the aquatic niches where Ae. aegypti larvae develop. An analysis of 32 mosquito-associated bacterial genomes, including Klebsiella, allowed us to identify gene clusters involved in primary metabolic pathways. From them, we inferred metabolites that could impact larval development (e.g., spermidine), as well as influence the quality assessment of a breeding site by a gravid female (e.g., putrescine), if produced by bacteria in the water. We also detected significant variance in metabolite presence profiles between water samples representing a decoupled oviposition event (oviposition by single females and manually deposited eggs) versus a control where no mosquito interactions occurred (PERMANOVA: p < 0.05; R2 = 24.64% and R2 = 30.07%). Five Klebsiella metabolites were exclusively linked to water samples where oviposition and development occurred. These data suggest metabolomics can be applied to identify compounds potentially used by female Ae. aegypti to evaluate the quality of a breeding site. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which the females could integrate these sensory cues while ovipositing constitutes a growing field of interest, which could benefit from a more depurated list of candidate molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Mosquera
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis E Martinez Villegas
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Mosquito Vectors: Endosymbionts and Pathogen-Vector Interactions Group, Instituto Ren Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sacha J Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinhda Sharif
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luciano A Moreira
- Mosquito Vectors: Endosymbionts and Pathogen-Vector Interactions Group, Instituto Ren Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J Tobias
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcelo G Lorenzo
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Altinli M, Schnettler E, Sicard M. Symbiotic Interactions Between Mosquitoes and Mosquito Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:694020. [PMID: 34527601 PMCID: PMC8435781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes not only transmit human and veterinary pathogens called arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) but also harbor mosquito-associated insect-specific viruses (mosquito viruses) that cannot infect vertebrates. In the past, studies investigating mosquito viruses mainly focused on highly pathogenic interactions that were easier to detect than those without visible symptoms. However, the recent advances in viral metagenomics have highlighted the abundance and diversity of viruses which do not generate mass mortality in host populations. Over the last decade, this has facilitated the rapid growth of virus discovery in mosquitoes. The circumstances around the discovery of mosquito viruses greatly affected how they have been studied so far. While earlier research mainly focused on the pathogenesis caused by DNA and some double-stranded RNA viruses during larval stages, more recently discovered single-stranded RNA mosquito viruses were heavily studied for their putative interference with arboviruses in female adults. Thus, many aspects of mosquito virus interactions with their hosts and host-microbiota are still unknown. In this context, considering mosquito viruses as endosymbionts can help to identify novel research areas, in particular in relation to their long-term interactions with their hosts (e.g. relationships during all life stages, the stability of the associations at evolutionary scales, transmission routes and virulence evolution) and the possible context-dependent range of interactions (i.e. beneficial to antagonistic). Here, we review the symbiotic interactions of mosquito viruses considering different aspects of their ecology, such as transmission, host specificity, host immune system and interactions with other symbionts within the host cellular arena. Finally, we highlight related research gaps in mosquito virus research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- Molecular Entomology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Molecular Entomology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Yaméogo KB, Yerbanga RS, Ouattara SB, Yao FA, Lefèvre T, Zongo I, Nikièma F, Compaoré YD, Tinto H, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B, Belem AMG, Cohuet A, Ouédraogo JB. Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness. Malar J 2021; 20:326. [PMID: 34315475 PMCID: PMC8314489 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. Methods The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. Results The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X22 = 69, P < 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X22 = 54, P < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X22 = 61, P < 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X22 = 22.8, P < 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X21 = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX22 = 330, P < 0.0001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koudraogo Bienvenue Yaméogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences et Techniques (INSTech Bobo), BP2779, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Franck A Yao
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Issaka Zongo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frederic Nikièma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean Bosco Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences et Techniques (INSTech Bobo), BP2779, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Girard M, Martin E, Vallon L, Raquin V, Bellet C, Rozier Y, Desouhant E, Hay AE, Luis P, Valiente Moro C, Minard G. Microorganisms Associated with Mosquito Oviposition Sites: Implications for Habitat Selection and Insect Life Histories. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1589. [PMID: 34442667 PMCID: PMC8401263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are considered one of the most important threats worldwide due to their ability to vector pathogens. They are responsible for the transmission of major pathogens such as malaria, dengue, zika, or chikungunya. Due to the lack of treatments or prophylaxis against many of the transmitted pathogens and an increasing prevalence of mosquito resistance to insecticides and drugs available, alternative strategies are now being explored. Some of these involve the use of microorganisms as promising agent to limit the fitness of mosquitoes, attract or repel them, and decrease the replication and transmission of pathogenic agents. In recent years, the importance of microorganisms colonizing the habitat of mosquitoes has particularly been investigated since they appeared to play major roles in their development and diseases transmission. In this issue, we will synthesize researches investigating how microorganisms present within water habitats may influence breeding site selection and oviposition strategies of gravid mosquito females. We will also highlight the impact of such microbes on the fate of females' progeny during their immature stages with a specific focus on egg hatching, development rate, and larvae or pupae survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Girard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Edwige Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Laurent Vallon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Vincent Raquin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Christophe Bellet
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, F-73310 Chindrieux, France; (C.B.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yves Rozier
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, F-73310 Chindrieux, France; (C.B.); (Y.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et de Biologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, VetAgro Sup, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Emmanuelle Hay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Patricia Luis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Malassigné S, Minard G, Vallon L, Martin E, Valiente Moro C, Luis P. Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081552. [PMID: 34442634 PMCID: PMC8399037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.
Collapse
|
77
|
The Possible Role of Microorganisms in Mosquito Mass Rearing. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070645. [PMID: 34357305 PMCID: PMC8305455 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most promising control methods against Aedes albopictus is the sterile insect technique, which consists of mass rearing the target species, separation of males from females, and male exposure to sterilizing ionizing radiation. Once released in the environment, the sterile males are expected to search for wild females to mate with. The quality of sterile males is a crucial aspect in SIT programs in order to optimize effectiveness and limit production costs. The integration of probiotic microorganisms in larval and adult mosquito diets could enhance the quality parameters of the released sterile males. Abstract In Europe, one of the most significant mosquitoes of public health importance is Aedes albopictus (Skuse), an allochthonous species of Asian origin. One of the most promising control methods against Aedes albopictus is the sterile insect technique (SIT), which consists of mass rearing the target species, separation of males from females, and male exposure to sterilizing ionizing radiation. Once released in the environment, the sterile males are expected to search for wild females to mate with. If mating occurs, no offspring is produced. The quality of sterile males is a crucial aspect in SIT programs in order to optimize effectiveness and limit production costs. The integration of probiotic microorganisms in larval and adult mosquito diets could enhance the quality parameters of the released sterile males. In this review, we attempt to give the most representative picture of the present knowledge on the relationships between gut microbiota of mosquitoes and the natural or artificial larval diet. Furthermore, the possible use of probiotic microorganisms for mosquito larvae rearing is explored. Based on the limited amount of data found in the literature, we hypothesize that a better understanding of the interaction between mosquitoes and their microbiota may bring significant improvements in mosquito mass rearing for SIT purposes.
Collapse
|
78
|
Steven B, Hyde J, LaReau JC, Brackney DE. The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:714222. [PMID: 34322111 PMCID: PMC8312643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of modern research tools has enabled a revolution in studies of non-model organisms. Yet, one aspect that remains difficult or impossible to control in many model and most non-model organisms is the presence and composition of the host-associated microbiota or the microbiome. In this review, we explore the development of axenic (microbe-free) mosquito models and what these systems reveal about the role of the microbiome in mosquito biology. Additionally, the axenic host is a blank template on which a microbiome of known composition can be introduced, also known as a gnotobiotic organism. Finally, we identify a "most wanted" list of common mosquito microbiome members that show the greatest potential to influence host phenotypes. We propose that these are high-value targets to be employed in future gnotobiotic studies. The use of axenic and gnotobiotic organisms will transition the microbiome into another experimental variable that can be manipulated and controlled. Through these efforts, the mosquito will be a true model for examining host microbiome interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaire Steven
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Josephine Hyde
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jacquelyn C. LaReau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Zhang D, Chen S, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K. The Effect of Radiation on the Gut Bacteriome of Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671699. [PMID: 34305838 PMCID: PMC8299835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been developed as a component of area-wide integrated pest management approaches to control the populations of Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector capable of transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. One of the key factors for the success of SIT is the requirement of high biological quality sterile males, which upon their release would be able to compete with wild males for matings with wild females in the field. In insects, gut bacteriome have played a catalytic role during evolution significantly affecting several aspects of their biology and ecology. Given the importance of gut-associated bacterial species for the overall ecological fitness and biological quality of their hosts, it is of interest to understand the effects of radiation on the gut-associated bacteriome of Ae. albopictus. In this study, the effect of radiation on the composition and density levels of the gut-associated bacterial species at the pupal stage as well as at 1- and 4-day-old males and females was studied using 16S rRNA gene-based next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) approaches. Age, diet, sex, and radiation were shown to affect the gut-associated bacterial communities, with age having the highest impact triggering significant changes on bacterial diversity and clustering among pupae, 1- and 4-day-old adult samples. qPCR analysis revealed that the relative density levels of Aeromonas are higher in male samples compared to all other samples and that the irradiation triggers an increase in the density levels of both Aeromonas and Elizabethkingia in the mosquito gut at specific stages. Our results suggest that Aeromonas could potentially be used as probiotics to enhance protandry and sex separation in support of SIT applications against Ae. albopictus, while the functional role of Elizabethkingia in respect to oxidative stress and damage in irradiated mosquitoes needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Zhang
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biological Control, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
MacLeod HJ, Dimopoulos G, Short SM. Larval Diet Abundance Influences Size and Composition of the Midgut Microbiota of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645362. [PMID: 34220739 PMCID: PMC8249813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The midgut microbiota of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti impacts pathogen susceptibility and transmission by this important vector species. However, factors influencing the composition and size of the microbiome in mosquitoes are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of larval diet abundance during development on the composition and size of the larval and adult microbiota by rearing Aedes aegypti under four larval food regimens, ranging from nutrient deprivation to nutrient excess. We assessed the persistent impacts of larval diet availability on the microbiota of the larval breeding water, larval mosquitoes, and adult mosquitoes under sugar and blood fed conditions using qPCR and high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial load and microbiota composition. Bacterial loads in breeding water increased with increasing larval diet. Larvae reared with the lowest diet abundance had significantly fewer bacteria than larvae from two higher diet treatments, but not from the highest diet abundance. Adults from the lowest diet abundance treatment had significantly fewer bacteria in their midguts compared to all higher diet abundance treatments. Larval diet amount also had a significant impact on microbiota composition, primarily within larval breeding water and larvae. Increasing diet correlated with increased relative levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae and decreased relative levels of Sphingomonadaceae. Multiple individual OTUs were significantly impacted by diet including one mapping to the genus Cedecea, which increased with higher diet amounts. This was consistent across all sample types, including sugar fed and blood fed adults. Taken together, these data suggest that availability of diet during development can cause lasting shifts in the size and composition of the microbiota in the disease vector Aedes aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J MacLeod
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah M Short
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Díaz S, Escobar JS, Avila FW. Identification and Removal of Potential Contaminants in 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Data Sets from Low-Microbial-Biomass Samples: an Example from Mosquito Tissues. mSphere 2021; 6:e0050621. [PMID: 34133198 PMCID: PMC8265668 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00506-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial microbiota of the mosquito influences numerous physiological processes of the host. As low-microbial-biomass ecosystems, mosquito tissues are prone to contamination from the laboratory environment and from reagents commonly used to isolate DNA from tissue samples. In this report, we analyzed nine 16S rRNA data sets, including new data obtained by us, to gain insight into the impact of potential contaminating sequences on the composition, diversity, and structure of the mosquito tissue microbial community. Using a clustering-free approach based on the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in tissue samples and negative controls, we identified candidate contaminating sequences that sometimes differed from, but were consistent with, results found using established methodologies. Some putative contaminating sequences belong to bacterial taxa previously identified as contaminants that are commonly found in metagenomic studies but that have also been identified as part of the mosquito core microbiota, with putative physiological relevance for the host. Using different relative abundance cutoffs, we show that contaminating sequences have a significant impact on tissue microbiota diversity and structure analysis. IMPORTANCE The study of tissue-associated microbiota from mosquitoes (primarily from the gut) has grown significantly in the last several years. Mosquito tissue samples represent a challenge for researchers given their low microbial biomass and similar taxonomic composition commonly found in the laboratory environment and in molecular reagents. Using new and published data sets that identified mosquito tissue microbiota from gut and reproductive tract tissues (and their respective negative controls), we developed a simple method to identify contamination microbiota. This approach uses an initial taxonomic identification without operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering and evaluates the relative abundance of control sample sequences, allowing the identification and removal of purported contaminating sequences in data sets obtained from low-microbial-biomass samples. While it was exemplified with the analysis of tissue microbiota from mosquitos, it can be extended to other data sets dealing with similar technical artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Díaz
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Juan S. Escobar
- Vidarium—Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Frank W. Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Juma EO, Allan BF, Kim CH, Stone C, Dunlap C, Muturi EJ. The larval environment strongly influences the bacterial communities of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7910. [PMID: 33846445 PMCID: PMC8042029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito bacterial communities are essential in mosquito biology, and knowing the factors shaping these bacterial communities is critical to their application in mosquito-borne disease control. This study investigated how the larval environment influences the bacterial communities of larval stages of two container-dwelling mosquito species, Aedes triseriatus, and Aedes japonicus. Larval and water samples were collected from tree holes and used tires at two study sites, and their bacteria characterized through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial richness was highest in Ae. japonicus, intermediate in Ae. triseriatus, and lowest in water samples. Dysgonomonas was the dominant bacterial taxa in Ae. triseriatus larvae; the unclassified Comamonadaceae was dominant in water samples from waste tires, while Mycobacterium and Carnobacterium, dominated Ae. japonicus. The two mosquito species harbored distinct bacterial communities that were different from those of the water samples. The bacterial communities also clustered by habitat type (used tires vs. tree holes) and study site. These findings demonstrate that host species, and the larval sampling environment are important determinants of a significant component of bacterial community composition and diversity in mosquito larvae and that the mosquito body may select for microbes that are generally rare in the larval environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah O Juma
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Brian F Allan
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Christopher Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Ephantus J Muturi
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Olafson PU, Aksoy S, Attardo GM, Buckmeier G, Chen X, Coates CJ, Davis M, Dykema J, Emrich SJ, Friedrich M, Holmes CJ, Ioannidis P, Jansen EN, Jennings EC, Lawson D, Martinson EO, Maslen GL, Meisel RP, Murphy TD, Nayduch D, Nelson DR, Oyen KJ, Raszick TJ, Ribeiro JMC, Robertson HM, Rosendale AJ, Sackton TB, Saelao P, Swiger SL, Sze SH, Tarone AM, Taylor DB, Warren WC, Waterhouse RM, Weirauch MT, Werren JH, Wilson RK, Zdobnov EM, Benoit JB. The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control. BMC Biol 2021; 19:41. [PMID: 33750380 PMCID: PMC7944917 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia U Olafson
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA.
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Greta Buckmeier
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig J Coates
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan Davis
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Justin Dykema
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott J Emrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evan N Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lawson
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Maslen
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Richard P Meisel
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana Nayduch
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kennan J Oyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tyler J Raszick
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Sackton
- Informatics Group, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Perot Saelao
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Sonja L Swiger
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Sing-Hoi Sze
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aaron M Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David B Taylor
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Nattoh G, Bargul JL, Magoma G, Mbaisi L, Butungi H, Mararo E, Teal E, Herren JK. The fungus Leptosphaerulina persists in Anopheles gambiae and induces melanization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246452. [PMID: 33617536 PMCID: PMC7899377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes are colonized by diverse microorganisms that may impact on host biology and vectorial capacity. Eukaryotic symbionts such as fungi have been isolated from Anopheles, but whether they are stably associated with mosquitoes and transmitted transstadially across mosquito life stages or to subsequent generations remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that a Leptosphaerulina sp. fungus isolated from the midgut of An. gambiae can be stably associated with An. gambiae host and that it imposes low fitness cost when re-introduced through co-feeding. This fungus is transstadially transmitted across An. gambiae developmental stages and to their progeny. It is present in field-caught larvae and adult mosquitoes at moderate levels across geographical regions. We observed that Leptosphaerulina sp. induces a distinctive melanotic phenotype across the developmental stages of mosquito. As a eukaryotic symbiont that is stably associated with An. gambiae Leptosphaerulina sp. can be explored for paratransgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Nattoh
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel Magoma
- Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lilian Mbaisi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hellen Butungi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Enock Mararo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evan Teal
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Omoke D, Kipsum M, Otieno S, Esalimba E, Sheth M, Lenhart A, Njeru EM, Ochomo E, Dada N. Western Kenyan Anopheles gambiae showing intense permethrin resistance harbour distinct microbiota. Malar J 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 33557825 PMCID: PMC7869237 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance poses a growing challenge to malaria vector control in Kenya and around the world. Following evidence of associations between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance, the microbiota of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) from Tulukuyi village, Bungoma, Kenya, with differing permethrin resistance profiles were comparatively characterized. Methods Using the CDC bottle bioassay, 133 2–3 day-old, virgin, non-blood fed female F1 progeny of field-caught An. gambiae s.s. were exposed to five times (107.5 µg/ml) the discriminating dose of permethrin. Post bioassay, 50 resistant and 50 susceptible mosquitoes were subsequently screened for kdr East and West mutations, and individually processed for microbial analysis using high throughput sequencing targeting the universal bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene. Results 47 % of the samples tested (n = 133) were resistant, and of the 100 selected for further processing, 99 % were positive for kdr East and 1 % for kdr West. Overall, 84 bacterial taxa were detected across all mosquito samples, with 36 of these shared between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes. A total of 20 bacterial taxa were unique to the resistant mosquitoes and 28 were unique to the susceptible mosquitoes. There were significant differences in bacterial composition between resistant and susceptible individuals (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 2.33, P = 0.001), with presence of Sphingobacterium, Lysinibacillus and Streptococcus (all known pyrethroid-degrading taxa), and the radiotolerant Rubrobacter, being significantly associated with resistant mosquitoes. On the other hand, the presence of Myxococcus, was significantly associated with susceptible mosquitoes. Conclusions This is the first report of distinct microbiota in An. gambiae s.s. associated with intense pyrethroid resistance. The findings highlight differentially abundant bacterial taxa between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, and further suggest a microbe-mediated mechanism of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. These results also indicate fixation of the kdr East mutation in this mosquito population, precluding further analysis of its associations with the mosquito microbiota, but presenting the hypothesis that any microbe-mediated mechanism of insecticide resistance would be likely of a metabolic nature. Overall, this study lays initial groundwork for understanding microbe-mediated mechanisms of insecticide resistance in African mosquito vectors of malaria, and potentially identifying novel microbial markers of insecticide resistance that could supplement existing vector surveillance tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Omoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.,Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mathew Kipsum
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Samson Otieno
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edward Esalimba
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, Aas, Norway. .,Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Dada N, Jupatanakul N, Minard G, Short SM, Akorli J, Villegas LM. Considerations for mosquito microbiome research from the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 33522965 PMCID: PMC7849159 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in mosquito microbiome research, leading to large amounts of data on different mosquito species, with various underlying physiological characteristics, and from diverse geographical locations. However, guidelines and standardized methods for conducting mosquito microbiome research are lacking. To streamline methods in mosquito microbiome research and optimize data quality, reproducibility, and comparability, as well as facilitate data curation in a centralized location, we are establishing the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium, a collaborative initiative for the advancement of mosquito microbiome research. Our overall goal is to collectively work on unraveling the role of the mosquito microbiome in mosquito biology, while critically evaluating its potential for mosquito-borne disease control. This perspective serves to introduce the consortium and invite broader participation. It highlights the issues we view as most pressing to the community and proposes guidelines for conducting mosquito microbiome research. We focus on four broad areas in this piece: (1) sampling/experimental design for field, semi-field, or laboratory studies; (2) metadata collection; (3) sample processing, sequencing, and use of appropriate controls; and (4) data handling and analysis. We finally summarize current challenges and highlight future directions in mosquito microbiome research. We hope that this piece will spark discussions around this area of disease vector biology, as well as encourage careful considerations in the design and implementation of mosquito microbiome research. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Neung, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah M Short
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Cappelli A, Favia G, Ricci I. Wickerhamomyces anomalus in Mosquitoes: A Promising Yeast-Based Tool for the "Symbiotic Control" of Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:621605. [PMID: 33552032 PMCID: PMC7859090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.621605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus is a mutualistic symbiont of different insects, including diptera vectors of diseases. Although fungal symbioses have been so far poorly characterized, the topic is gaining attention as yeast-insect interactions can provide pivotal information on insect biology, such as their environmental adaptation or vectorial capability. We review the symbiosis between W. anomalus and mosquitoes, which implies nutritional and protective functions. Furthermore, we focus on antiplasmodial effects of W. anomalus in malaria vectors and discuss the yeast potential for the “symbiotic control” (SC) of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cappelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Camerino, Italy
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Ricci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Martínez-de la Puente J, Gutiérrez-López R, Díez-Fernández A, Soriguer RC, Moreno-Indias I, Figuerola J. Effects of Mosquito Microbiota on the Survival Cost and Development Success of Avian Plasmodium. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:562220. [PMID: 33519724 PMCID: PMC7838439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the capacity of mosquitoes for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Among them, mosquito microbiota may play a key role determining the development of pathogens in mosquitoes and the cost of infections. Here, we used a wild avian malaria-mosquito assemblage model to experimentally test the role of vector microbiota on the cost of infection and their consequences for parasite development. To do so, a cohort of Culex pipiens mosquitoes were treated with antibiotics, including gentamicin sulfate and penicillin-streptomycin, to alter their microbiota, and other cohort was treated with sterilized water as controls. Subsequently, both cohorts were allowed to feed on Plasmodium infected or uninfected house sparrows (Passer domesticus). The antibiotic treatment significantly increased the survival rate of mosquitoes fed on infected birds while this was not the case of mosquitoes fed on uninfected birds. Additionally, a higher prevalence of Plasmodium in the saliva of mosquitoes was found in antibiotic treated mosquitoes than in mosquitoes of the control group at 20 days post exposure (dpe). Analyses of the microbiota of a subsample of mosquitoes at 20 dpe suggest that although the microbiota diversity did not differ between individuals of the two treatments, microbiota in control mosquitoes had a higher number of unique features and enriched in biochemical pathways related to the immune system than antibiotic treated ones. In sum, this study provides support for the role of mosquito microbiota on mosquito survival and the presence of parasite DNA in their saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Disentangling the Relative Roles of Vertical Transmission, Subsequent Colonizations, and Diet on Cockroach Microbiome Assembly. mSphere 2021; 6:6/1/e01023-20. [PMID: 33408228 PMCID: PMC7845597 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01023-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of factors affect the assemblies of complex microbial communities associated with animal hosts, with implications for community flexibility, resilience, and long-term stability; however, their relative effects have rarely been deduced. Here, we use a tractable lab model to quantify the relative and combined effects of parental transmission (egg case microbiome present/reduced), gut inocula (cockroach versus termite gut provisioned), and varying diets (matched or unmatched with gut inoculum source) on gut microbiota structure of hatchlings of the omnivorous cockroach Shelfordella lateralis using 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) amplicon sequencing. We show that the presence of a preexisting bacterial community via vertical transmission of microbes on egg cases reduces subsequent microbial invasion, suggesting priority effects that allow initial colonizers to take a strong hold and which stabilize the microbiome. However, subsequent inoculation sources more strongly affect ultimate community composition and their ecological networks, with distinct host-taxon-of-origin effects on which bacteria establish. While this is so, communities respond flexibly to specific diets in ways that consequently impact predicted community functions. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inoculations drive communities toward different stable states depending on colonization and extinction events, through ecological host-microbe relations and interactions with other gut bacteria, while diet in parallel shapes the functional capabilities of these microbiomes. These effects may lead to consistent microbial communities that maximize the extended phenotype that the microbiota provides the host, particularly if microbes spend most of their lives in host-associated environments.IMPORTANCE When host fitness is dependent on gut microbiota, microbial community flexibility and reproducibility enhance host fitness by allowing fine-tuned environmental tracking and sufficient stability for host traits to evolve. Our findings lend support to the importance of vertically transmitted early-life microbiota as stabilizers, through interactions with potential colonizers, which may contribute to ensuring that the microbiota aligns within host fitness-enhancing parameters. Subsequent colonizations are driven by microbial composition of the sources available, and we confirm that host-taxon-of-origin affects stable subsequent communities, while communities at the same time retain sufficient flexibility to shift in response to available diets. Microbiome structure is thus the result of the relative impact and combined effects of inocula and fluctuations driven by environment-specific microbial sources and digestive needs. These affect short-term community structure on an ecological time scale but could ultimately shape host species specificities in microbiomes across evolutionary time, if environmental conditions prevail.
Collapse
|
90
|
Hery L, Guidez A, Durand AA, Delannay C, Normandeau-Guimond J, Reynaud Y, Issaly J, Goindin D, Legrave G, Gustave J, Raffestin S, Breurec S, Constant P, Dusfour I, Guertin C, Vega-Rúa A. Natural Variation in Physicochemical Profiles and Bacterial Communities Associated with Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites and Larvae on Guadeloupe and French Guiana. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:93-109. [PMID: 32621210 PMCID: PMC7794107 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti develop in aquatic habitats in which mosquito larvae are exposed to physicochemical elements and microorganisms that may influence their life cycle and their ability to transmit arboviruses. Little is known about the natural bacterial communities associated with A. aegypti or their relation to the biotic and abiotic characteristics of their aquatic habitats. We characterized the physicochemical properties and bacterial microbiota of A. aegypti breeding sites and larvae on Guadeloupe and in French Guiana. In addition, we explored whether geographic location, the type of breeding site and physicochemical parameters influenced the microbiota associated with this mosquito species. We used large-scale 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 160 breeding sites and 147 pools of A. aegypti larvae and recorded 12 physicochemical parameters at the sampled breeding sites. Ordination plots and multiple linear regression were used to assess the influence of environmental factors on the bacterial microbiota of water and larvae. We found territory-specific differences in physicochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, conductivity) and the composition of bacterial communities in A. aegypti breeding sites that influenced the relative abundance of several bacteria genera (e.g., Methylobacterium, Roseoccocus) on the corresponding larvae. A significant fraction of the bacterial communities identified on larvae, dominated by Herbiconiux and Microvirga genera, were consistently enriched in mosquitoes regardless the location. In conclusion, territory-specific differences observed in the biotic and abiotic properties of A. aegypti breeding sites raise concern about the impact of these changes on pathogen transmission by different A. aegypti populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyza Hery
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| | - Amandine Guidez
- Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | | | - Christelle Delannay
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| | | | - Yann Reynaud
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| | - Jean Issaly
- Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Daniella Goindin
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| | - Grégory Legrave
- Laboratory of Environment and Food Hygiene, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| | - Joel Gustave
- Regional Health Agency of Guadeloupe, Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe France
| | - Stéphanie Raffestin
- Laboratory of Environment and Hygiene, Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Sebastien Breurec
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Hyacinthe Bastaraud Faculty of Medicine, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- INSERM Centre for Clinical Investigation 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre, Les Abymes France
| | - Philippe Constant
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Claude Guertin
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe France
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Bonnet SI, Pollet T. Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick-borne pathogens. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12813. [PMID: 33314216 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies, (ie, next-generation sequencing) has highlighted the complexity of tick microbial communities-which include pathogens, symbionts, and commensals-and also their dynamic variability. Symbionts and commensals can confer crucial and diverse benefits to their hosts, playing nutritional roles or affecting fitness, development, nutrition, reproduction, defence against environmental stress and immunity. Nonpathogenic tick bacteria may also play a role in modifying tick-borne pathogen colonization and transmission, as relationships between microorganisms existing together in one environment can be competitive, exclusive, facilitating or absent, with many potential implications for both human and animal health. Consequently, ticks represent a compelling yet challenging system in which to investigate the composition and both the functional and ecological implications of tick bacterial communities, and thus merits greater attention. Ultimately, deciphering the relationships between microorganisms carried by ticks as well as symbiont-tick interactions will garner invaluable information, which may aid in some future arthropod-pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission control strategies. This review outlines recent research on tick microbiome composition and dynamics, highlights elements favouring the reciprocal influence of the tick microbiome and tick-borne agents and finally discusses how ticks and tick-borne diseases might potentially be controlled through tick microbiome manipulation in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Irène Bonnet
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Bogale HN, Cannon MV, Keita K, Camara D, Barry Y, Keita M, Coulibaly D, Kone AK, Doumbo OK, Thera MA, Plowe CV, Travassos M, Irish S, Serre D. Relative contributions of various endogenous and exogenous factors to the mosquito microbiota. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:619. [PMID: 33303025 PMCID: PMC7726613 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commensal microbiota of mosquitoes impacts their development, immunity, and competency, and could provide a target for alternative entomological control approaches. However, despite the importance of the mosquito/microbiota interactions, little is known about the relative contribution of endogenous and exogenous factors in shaping the bacterial communities of mosquitoes. METHODS We used a high-throughput sequencing-based assay to characterize the bacterial composition and diversity of 665 individual field-caught mosquitoes, as well as their species, genotype at an insecticide resistance locus, blood-meal composition, and the eukaryotic parasites and viruses they carry. We then used these data to rigorously estimate the individual effect of each parameter on the bacterial diversity as well as the relative contribution of each parameter to the microbial composition. RESULTS Overall, multivariate analyses did not reveal any significant contribution of the mosquito species, insecticide resistance, or blood meal to the bacterial composition of the mosquitoes surveyed, and infection with parasites and viruses only contributed very marginally. The main driver of the bacterial diversity was the location at which each mosquito was collected, which explained roughly 20% of the variance observed. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows that when confounding factors are taken into account, the site at which the mosquitoes are collected is the main driver of the bacterial diversity of wild-caught mosquitoes, although further studies will be needed to determine which specific components of the local environment affect bacterial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haikel N. Bogale
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Matthew V. Cannon
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kalil Keita
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Denka Camara
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Yaya Barry
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Moussa Keita
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Drissa Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye K. Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou A. Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Mark Travassos
- Malaria Research Program, Center of Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Seth Irish
- U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - David Serre
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Mwingira V, Mboera LEG, Dicke M, Takken W. Exploiting the chemical ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior in mosquito surveillance and control: a review. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:155-179. [PMID: 33207066 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vector control is an important component of the interventions aimed at mosquito-borne disease control. Current and future mosquito control strategies are likely to rely largely on the understanding of the behavior of the vector, by exploiting mosquito biology and behavior, while using cost-effective, carefully timed larvicidal and high-impact, low-volume adulticidal applications. Here we review the knowledge on the ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior with emphasis on the potential role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. A search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Archive, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords mosquito, infochemical, pheromone, kairomone, allomone, synomone, apneumone, attractant, host-seeking, and oviposition. Articles in English from 1974 to 2019 were reviewed to gain comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on infochemicals in mosquito resource-searching behavior. Oviposition of many mosquito species is mediated by infochemicals that comprise pheromones, kairomones, synomones, allomones, and apneumones. The novel putative infochemicals that mediate oviposition in the mosquito subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were identified. The role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of these and other mosquito tribes is discussed with respect to origin of the chemical cues and how these affect gravid mosquitoes. Oviposition attractants and deterrents can potentially be used for manipulation of mosquito behavior by making protected resources unsuitable for mosquitoes (push) while luring them towards attractive sources (pull). In this review, strategies of targeting breeding sites with environmentally friendly larvicides with the aim to develop appropriate trap-and-kill techniques are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mwingira
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Juma EO, Kim CH, Dunlap C, Allan BF, Stone CM. Culex pipiens and Culex restuans egg rafts harbor diverse bacterial communities compared to their midgut tissues. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:532. [PMID: 33109276 PMCID: PMC7590256 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial communities associated with mosquito eggs are an essential component of the mosquito microbiota, yet there are few studies characterizing and comparing the microbiota of mosquito eggs to other host tissues. Methods We sampled gravid female Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobald from the field, allowed them to oviposit in the laboratory, and characterized the bacterial communities associated with their egg rafts and midguts for comparison through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Bacterial richness was higher in egg rafts than in midguts for both species, and higher in Cx pipiens than Cx. restuans. The midgut samples of Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans were dominated by Providencia. Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans egg rafts samples were dominated by Ralstonia and Novosphingobium, respectively. NMDS ordination based on Bray-Curtis distance matrix revealed that egg-raft samples, or midgut tissues harbored similar bacterial communities regardless of the mosquito species. Within each mosquito species, there was a distinct clustering of bacterial communities between egg raft and midgut tissues. Conclusion These findings expand the list of described bacterial communities associated with Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans and the additional characterization of the egg raft bacterial communities facilitates comparative analysis of mosquito host tissues, providing a basis for future studies seeking to understand any functional role of the bacterial communities in mosquito biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah O Juma
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Brian F Allan
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chris M Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Onyango MG, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. The Vector - Host - Pathogen Interface: The Next Frontier in the Battle Against Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:564518. [PMID: 33178624 PMCID: PMC7596266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.564518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented spread of mosquito-borne viruses and increasing populations of mosquito vectors has led to an increase in the frequency of mosquito-borne virus disease outbreaks. Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), among others have led to a concerted effort to understand the biology of mosquito-borne viruses and their interaction with their vector mosquito and vertebrate hosts. Recent studies have aimed to understand the vector-host-pathogen interface and how it influences infection, tropism and disease severity in the vertebrate host. The initial replication of the pathogen at the skin bite site is crucial in determining the progression of the infection in the vertebrate host. Delineating the role of the commensal microbes in the mosquito saliva as well as how they interact with the vertebrate host keratinocytes will improve our understanding of disease immunopathology and may lead to new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gorreti Onyango
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Dacey DP, Chain FJJ. The Challenges of Microbial Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases Due to the Gut Microbiome. Front Genet 2020; 11:504354. [PMID: 33133140 PMCID: PMC7575760 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.504354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are one of the deadliest animals on earth because of their ability to transmit a wide range of human pathogens. Traditional mosquito control methods use chemical insecticides, but with dwindling long-term effectiveness and negative effects on the environment, microbial forms of control have become common alternatives. The insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti) is the most popular of these alternatives, although it can also have direct effects on lowering environmental biodiversity and indirect effects on food-web relationships in the ecosystems where it is deployed. In addition, microbial control agents that impede pathogen development or transmission from mosquito to human are under investigation, including Wolbachia and Asaia, but unexpected interactions with mosquito gut bacteria can hinder their effectiveness. Improved characterization of mosquito gut bacterial communities is needed to determine the taxa that interfere with microbial controls and their effectiveness in wild populations. This mini-review briefly discusses relationships between mosquito gut bacteria and microbial forms of control, and the challenges in ensuring their success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dacey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Frédéric J J Chain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Möhlmann TWR, Vogels CBF, Göertz GP, Pijlman GP, Ter Braak CJF, Te Beest DE, Hendriks M, Nijhuis EH, Warris S, Drolet BS, van Overbeek L, Koenraadt CJM. Impact of Gut Bacteria on the Infection and Transmission of Pathogenic Arboviruses by Biting Midges and Mosquitoes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:703-717. [PMID: 32462391 PMCID: PMC7476999 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite interactions among insect vectors, midgut bacteria, and viruses may determine the ability of insects to transmit pathogenic arboviruses. Here, we investigated the impact of gut bacteria on the susceptibility of Culicoides nubeculosus and Culicoides sonorensis biting midges for Schmallenberg virus, and of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for Zika and chikungunya viruses. Gut bacteria were manipulated by treating the adult insects with antibiotics. The gut bacterial communities were investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA, and susceptibility to arbovirus infection was tested by feeding insects with an infectious blood meal. Antibiotic treatment led to changes in gut bacteria for all insects. Interestingly, the gut bacterial composition of untreated Ae. aegypti and C. nubeculosus showed Asaia as the dominant genus, which was drastically reduced after antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment resulted in relatively more Delftia bacteria in both biting midge species, but not in mosquitoes. Antibiotic treatment and subsequent changes in gut bacterial communities were associated with a significant, 1.8-fold increased infection rate of C. nubeculosus with Schmallenberg virus, but not for C. sonorensis. We did not find any changes in infection rates for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with Zika or chikungunya virus. We conclude that resident gut bacteria may dampen arbovirus transmission in biting midges, but not so in mosquitoes. Use of antimicrobial compounds at livestock farms might therefore have an unexpected contradictory effect on the health of animals, by increasing the transmission of viral pathogens by biting midges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim W R Möhlmann
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Giel P Göertz
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cajo J F Ter Braak
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis E Te Beest
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hendriks
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els H Nijhuis
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Warris
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Leo van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantianus J M Koenraadt
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Stability of the Virome in Lab- and Field-Collected Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes across Different Developmental Stages and Possible Core Viruses in the Publicly Available Virome Data of Aedes Mosquitoes. mSystems 2020; 5:5/5/e00640-20. [PMID: 32994288 PMCID: PMC7527137 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00640-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes mosquitoes can efficiently transmit many pathogenic arboviruses, placing a great burden on public health worldwide. In addition, they also carry a number of insect-specific viruses (ISVs), and it was recently suggested that some of these ISVs might form a stable species-specific "core virome" in mosquito populations. However, little is known about such a core virome in laboratory colonies and if it is present across different developmental stages. In this study, we compared the viromes in eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes collected from a lab colony and compared each to the virome of different developmental stages collected in the field. The virome in lab-derived A. albopictus was very stable across all stages, consistent with a vertical transmission route of these viruses, and formed a possible "vertically transmitted core virome." The different stages of field-collected A. albopictus mosquitoes also contained this stable vertically transmitted core virome, as well as another set of viruses (e.g., viruses distantly related to Guadeloupe mosquito virus, Hubei virga-like virus 2, and Sarawak virus) shared by mosquitoes across different stages, which might represent an "environment-derived core virome." To further study this core set of ISVs, we screened 48 publicly available SRA viral metagenomic data sets of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Aedes, showing that some of the identified ISVs were identified in the majority of SRAs and providing further evidence supporting the core-virome concept.IMPORTANCE Our study revealed that the virome was very stable across all developmental stages of both lab-derived and field-collected Aedes albopictus The data representing the core virome in lab A. albopictus proved the vertical transmission route of these viruses, forming a "vertically transmitted core virome." Field mosquitoes also contained this stable vertically transmitted core virome as well as additional viruses, which probably represented "environment-derived core virome" and which therefore were less stable over time and geography. By further screening publicly available SRA viral metagenomic data sets from mosquitoes belonging to the genus Aedes, some of the identified core ISVs were shown to be present in the majority of SRAs, such as Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus and Guadeloupe mosquito virus. How these core ISVs influence the biology of the mosquito host and arbovirus infection and evolution deserves to be further explored.
Collapse
|
99
|
Bellone R, Failloux AB. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584846. [PMID: 33101259 PMCID: PMC7545027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases having the greatest impact on human health are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of the world. However, these diseases are conquering temperate regions, raising the question of the role of temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting, in many ways, insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate the veracity of this claim by synthesizing current knowledge on the effects of temperature on arboviruses and their vectors, as well as the outcome of their interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Salcedo-Porras N, Umaña-Diaz C, de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Lowenberger C. The Role of Bacterial Symbionts in Triatomines: An Evolutionary Perspective. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1438. [PMID: 32961808 PMCID: PMC7565714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have established mutualistic symbiotic interactions with microorganisms that are beneficial to both host and symbiont. Many insects have exploited these symbioses to diversify and expand their ecological ranges. In the Hemiptera (i.e., aphids, cicadas, and true bugs), symbioses have established and evolved with obligatory essential microorganisms (primary symbionts) and with facultative beneficial symbionts (secondary symbionts). Primary symbionts are usually intracellular microorganisms found in insects with specialized diets such as obligate hematophagy or phytophagy. Most Heteroptera (true bugs), however, have gastrointestinal (GI) tract extracellular symbionts with functions analogous to primary endosymbionts. The triatomines, are vectors of the human parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. A description of their small GI tract microbiota richness was based on a few culturable microorganisms first described almost a century ago. A growing literature describes more complex interactions between triatomines and bacteria with properties characteristic of both primary and secondary symbionts. In this review, we provide an evolutionary perspective of beneficial symbioses in the Hemiptera, illustrating the context that may drive the evolution of symbioses in triatomines. We highlight the diversity of the triatomine microbiota, bacterial taxa with potential to be beneficial symbionts, the unique characteristics of triatomine-bacteria symbioses, and the interactions among trypanosomes, microbiota, and triatomines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Salcedo-Porras
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (C.U.-D.); (R.d.O.B.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Umaña-Diaz
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (C.U.-D.); (R.d.O.B.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (C.U.-D.); (R.d.O.B.B.); (C.L.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000 Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (C.U.-D.); (R.d.O.B.B.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|