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Holsapple JS, Cooper B, Berry SH, Staniszewska A, Dickson BM, Taylor JA, Bachoo P, Wilson HM. Low Intensity Shockwave Treatment Modulates Macrophage Functions Beneficial to Healing Chronic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157844. [PMID: 34360610 PMCID: PMC8346032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is used clinically in various disorders including chronic wounds for its pro-angiogenic, proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving therapeutic effects are not well characterized. Macrophages play a key role in all aspects of healing and their dysfunction results in failure to resolve chronic wounds. We investigated the role of ESWT on macrophage activity in chronic wound punch biopsies from patients with non-healing venous ulcers prior to, and two weeks post-ESWT, and in macrophage cultures treated with clinical shockwave intensities (150–500 impulses, 5 Hz, 0.1 mJ/mm2). Using wound area measurements and histological/immunohistochemical analysis of wound biopsies, we show ESWT enhanced healing of chronic ulcers associated with improved wound angiogenesis (CD31 staining), significantly decreased CD68-positive macrophages per biopsy area and generally increased macrophage activation. Shockwave treatment of macrophages in culture significantly boosted uptake of apoptotic cells, healing-associated cytokine and growth factor gene expressions and modulated macrophage morphology suggestive of macrophage activation, all of which contribute to wound resolution. Macrophage ERK activity was enhanced, suggesting one mechanotransduction pathway driving events. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo findings reveal shockwaves as important regulators of macrophage functions linked with wound healing. This immunomodulation represents an underappreciated role of clinically applied shockwaves, which could be exploited for other macrophage-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Holsapple
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Ben Cooper
- Department of Vascular Surgery, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK; (B.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Susan H. Berry
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Staniszewska
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Bruce M. Dickson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Julie A. Taylor
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Paul Bachoo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK; (B.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Heather M. Wilson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (J.S.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.B.); (B.M.D.); (J.A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Kong Y, Liu F, Ma B, Duan J, Yuan W, Sang Y, Han L, Wang S, Liu H. Wireless Localized Electrical Stimulation Generated by an Ultrasound-Driven Piezoelectric Discharge Regulates Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100962. [PMID: 34258169 PMCID: PMC8261497 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory (M1) macrophages play a vital role in antitumor immunity, and regulation of proinflammatory macrophage polarization is critical for immunotherapy. The polarization of macrophages can be regulated by biological or chemical stimulation, but investigations of the regulatory effect of physical stimulation are limited. Herein, regulating macrophage polarization with localized electrical signals derived from a piezoelectric β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (β-PVDF) film in a wireless mode is proposed. Charges released on the surface of the β-PVDF film driven by ultrasonic irradiation can significantly enhance the M1 polarization of macrophages. Mechanistic investigation confirms that electrical potentials rather than reactive oxygen species and mechanical forces enable Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated channels and establishment of the Ca2+-CAMK2A-NF-κB axis to promote the proinflammatory macrophage response during ultrasound treatment. Piezoelectric material-mediated electrical signal-activated proinflammatory macrophages significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. A method for electrogenetic regulation of immune cells as well as a powerful tool for engineering macrophages for immunotherapy is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
| | - Baojin Ma
- Department of PeriodontologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationJinanShandong250012China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
| | - Wenhu Yuan
- Jinan Biobase Biotech Co., LtdJinan250100China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
| | - Lin Han
- Institue of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266200China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
- Advanced Medical Research InstituteShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of JinanJinanShandong250022China
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Marito S, Keshari S, Traisaeng S, My DTT, Balasubramaniam A, Adi P, Hsieh MF, Herr DR, Huang CM. Electricity-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis counteracts Cutibacterium acnes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12001. [PMID: 34099817 PMCID: PMC8184966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 was incubated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8 Laurate to yield electricity which was measured by a voltage difference between electrodes. Production of electron was validated by a Ferrozine assay. The anti-Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) activity of electrogenic S. epidermidis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The voltage change (~ 4.4 mV) reached a peak 60 min after pipetting S. epidermidis plus 2% PEG-8 Laurate onto anodes. The electricity produced by S. epidermidis caused significant growth attenuation and cell lysis of C. acnes. Intradermal injection of C. acnes and S. epidermidis plus PEG-8 Laurate into the mouse ear considerably suppressed the growth of C. acnes. This suppressive effect was noticeably reversed when cyclophilin A of S. epidermidis was inhibited, indicating the essential role of cyclophilin A in electricity production of S. epidermidis against C. acnes. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that skin S. epidermidis, in the presence of PEG-8 Laurate, can mediate cyclophilin A to elicit an electrical current that has anti-C. acnes effects. Electricity generated by S. epidermidis may confer immediate innate immunity in acne lesions to rein in the overgrowth of C. acnes at the onset of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Marito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Keshari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Do Thi Tra My
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Prakoso Adi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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SIROF stabilized PEDOT/PSS allows biocompatible and reversible direct current stimulation capable of driving electrotaxis in cells. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120949. [PMID: 34153784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrotaxis is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which ionic gradients dictate the directed migration of cells involved in different biological processes such as wound healing, embryonic development, or cancer metastasis. To investigate these processes, direct current (DC) has been used to generate electric fields capable of eliciting an electrotactic response in cells. However, the need for metallic electrodes to deliver said currents has hindered electrotaxis research and the application of DC stimulation as medical therapy. This study aimed to investigate the capability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) on sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) electrodes to generate stable direct currents. The electrochemical properties of PEDOT/PSS allow ions to be released and reabsorbed depending on the polarity of the current flow. SIROF stabilized PEDOT/PSS electrodes demonstrated exceptional stability in voltage and current controlled DC stimulation for periods of up to 12 hours. These electrodes were capable of directing cell migration of the rat prostate cancer cell line MAT-LyLu in a microfluidic chamber without the need for chemical buffers. This material combination shows excellent promise for accelerating electrotaxis research and facilitating the translation of DC stimulation to medical applications thanks to its biocompatibility, ionic charge injection mechanisms, and recharging capabilities in a biological environment.
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Kosevic D, Wiedemann D, Vukovic P, Ristic V, Riebandt J, Radak U, Brandes K, Goettel P, Duengen H, Tahirovic E, Kottmann T, Voss HW, Zdravkovic M, Putnik S, Schmitto JD, Mueller J, Rame JE, Peric M. Cardio-microcurrent device for chronic heart failure: first-in-human clinical study. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:962-970. [PMID: 33559358 PMCID: PMC8006737 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Most devices for treating ambulatory Class II and III heart failure are linked to electrical pulses. However, a steady electric potential gradient is also necessary for appropriate myocardial performance and may be disturbed by structural heart diseases. We investigated whether chronic application of electrical microcurrent to the heart is feasible and safe and improves cardiac performance. The results of this study should provide guidance for the design of a two-arm, randomized, controlled Phase II trial. METHODS AND RESULTS This single-arm, non-randomized pilot study involved 10 patients (9 men; mean age, 62 ± 12 years) at two sites with 6 month follow-up. All patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III heart failure and non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%. A device was surgically placed to deliver a constant microcurrent to the heart. The following tests were performed at baseline, at hospital discharge, and at six time points during follow-up: determination of LVEF and left ventricular end-diastolic/end-systolic diameter by echocardiography; the 6 min walk test; and assessment of NYHA classification and quality of life (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire). Microcurrent application was feasible and safe; no device-related or treatment-related adverse events occurred. During follow-up, rapid and significant signal of efficacy (P < 0.005) was present with improvements in LVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and distance walked. For eight patients, NYHA classification improved from Class III to Class I (for seven, as early as 14 days post-operatively); for one, to Class II; and for one, to Class II/III. 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire scores also improved highly significantly. CONCLUSIONS Chronic application of microcurrent to the heart is feasible and safe and leads to a rapid and lasting improvement in heart function and a near normalization of heart size within days. The NYHA classification and quality of life improve just as rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petar Vukovic
- Cardiovascular Institute Dedinje BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | | | | | - Una Radak
- Cardiovascular Institute Dedinje BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marija Zdravkovic
- University Hospital Medical Center Bezanijska Kosa BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Eduardo Rame
- Advanced Cardiac and Pulmonary Vascular Disease ProgramsJefferson Heart InstitutePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Miodrag Peric
- Cardiovascular Institute Dedinje BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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Li J, Jiang X, Li H, Gelinsky M, Gu Z. Tailoring Materials for Modulation of Macrophage Fate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004172. [PMID: 33565154 PMCID: PMC9245340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity hold great promise for a broad range of prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. This review is focused on the design strategies and principles of immunomodulatory biomaterials from the standpoint of materials science to regulate macrophage fate, such as activation, polarization, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and secretion. It offers a comprehensive survey and discussion on the tunability of material designs regarding physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic cues for modulating macrophage immune response. The range of such tailorable cues encompasses surface properties, surface topography, materials mechanics, materials composition, and materials dynamics. The representative immunoengineering applications selected herein demonstrate how macrophage-immunomodulating biomaterials are being exploited for cancer immunotherapy, infection immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, inflammation resolution, and vaccination. A perspective on the future research directions of immunoregulatory biomaterials is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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van Boekholdt L, Kerstens S, Khatoun A, Asamoah B, Mc Laughlin M. tDCS peripheral nerve stimulation: a neglected mode of action? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:456-461. [PMID: 33299136 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method widely used by neuroscientists and clinicians for research and therapeutic purposes. tDCS is currently under investigation as a treatment for a range of psychiatric disorders. Despite its popularity, a full understanding of tDCS's underlying neurophysiological mechanisms is still lacking. tDCS creates a weak electric field in the cerebral cortex which is generally assumed to cause the observed effects. Interestingly, as tDCS is applied directly on the skin, localized peripheral nerve endings are exposed to much higher electric field strengths than the underlying cortices. Yet, the potential contribution of peripheral mechanisms in causing tDCS's effects has never been systemically investigated. We hypothesize that tDCS induces arousal and vigilance through peripheral mechanisms. We suggest that this may involve peripherally-evoked activation of the ascending reticular activating system, in which norepinephrine is distributed throughout the brain by the locus coeruleus. Finally, we provide suggestions to improve tDCS experimental design beyond the standard sham control, such as topical anesthetics to block peripheral nerves and active controls to stimulate non-target areas. Broad adoption of these measures in all tDCS experiments could help disambiguate peripheral from true transcranial tDCS mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Boekholdt
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silke Kerstens
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Khatoun
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boateng Asamoah
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mohana Sundaram P, Rangharajan KK, Akbari E, Hadick TJ, Song JW, Prakash S. Direct current electric field regulates endothelial permeability under physiologically relevant fluid forces in a microfluidic vessel bifurcation model. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:319-330. [PMID: 33319218 PMCID: PMC7855772 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have reported on the use of direct current electric fields (DC-EFs) to regulate vascular endothelial permeability, which is important for tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, these studies have primarily used static 2D culture models that lack the fluid mechanical forces associated with blood flow experienced by endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo. Hence, the effect of DC-EF on ECs under physiologically relevant fluid forces is yet to be systematically evaluated. Using a 3D microfluidic model of a bifurcating vessel, we report the role of DC-EF on regulating endothelial permeability when co-applied with physiologically relevant fluid forces that arise at the vessel bifurcation. The application of a 70 V m-1 DC-EF simultaneously with 1 μL min-1 low perfusion rate (generating 3.8 dyn cm-2 stagnation pressure at the bifurcation point and 0.3 dyn cm-2 laminar shear stress in the branched vessel) increased the endothelial permeability 7-fold compared to the static control condition (i.e., without flow and DC-EF). When the perfusion rate was increased to 10 μL min-1 (generating 38 dyn cm-2 stagnation pressure at the bifurcation point and 3 dyn cm-2 laminar shear stress in the branched vessel) while maintaining the same electrical stimulation, a 4-fold increase in endothelial permeability compared to the static control was observed. The lower increase in endothelial permeability for the higher fluid forces but the same DC-EF suggests a competing role between fluid forces and the applied DC-EF. Moreover, the observed increase in endothelial permeability due to combined DC-EF and flow was transient and dependent on the Akt signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings provide significant new insights into how the endothelium serves as an electro-mechanical interface for regulating vessel permeability.
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Alamsyah F, Pratiwi R, Firdausi N, Irene Mesak Pello J, Evi Dwi Nugraheni S, Ghitha Fadhlurrahman A, Nurhidayat L, Purwo Taruno W. Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields. F1000Res 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34164110 PMCID: PMC8142601 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27952.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death in women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment is non-contact electric fields called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency (100 kHz) and low intensity (18 Vpp). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor. Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4 and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ. Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68- positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed up upon exposure. Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells that lead to tumor cells death and potentially helps wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
| | - Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
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Alamsyah F, Pratiwi R, Firdausi N, Irene Mesak Pello J, Evi Dwi Nugraheni S, Ghitha Fadhlurrahman A, Nurhidayat L, Purwo Taruno W. Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields. F1000Res 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34164110 PMCID: PMC8142601 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27952.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death amongst women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment constitutes non-contact electric fields and is called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency and low intensity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor. Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4, and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ. Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68-positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was found to have decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed upon exposure. Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor cell death and potentially helping wounds heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
| | - Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
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Gonçalves JP, de Oliveira CC, da Silva Trindade E, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Vidotti M, Simas FF. In vitro biocompatibility screening of a colloidal gum Arabic-polyaniline conducting nanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:109-117. [PMID: 33476624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although polyaniline (PANI) is a widely investigated conductive polymer for biological applications, studies addressing the biocompatibility of colloidal PANI dispersions are scarcely found in the literature of the area. Therefore, PANI nanoparticles stabilized by the natural polysaccharide gum Arabic (GA) were screened for their biocompatibility. The GA successfully stabilized the colloidal PANI-GA dispersions when exposed to a protein-rich medium, showing compatibility with the biological environment. The results obtained from a series of in vitro assays showed that, after up to 48 h of exposure to a range of PANI-GA concentrations (1-50 μg/mL), both mouse BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages showed no evidence of change in cellular proliferation, viability and metabolic activity. An increase in macrophage granularity poses as evidence of phagocytic uptake of PANI-GA, without resulting activation of this cell type. Additionally, the PANI-GA nanoparticles modulated the cell morphology changes induced on fibroblasts by GA in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, this unprecedented biocompatibility study of PANI nanoparticles stabilized by a plant gum exudate polysaccharide showed promising results. This simple biomaterial might be further developed into colloidal formulations for biological and biomedical applications, taking advantage of its versatility, biocompatibility, and conductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Riegel-Vidotti
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vidotti
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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62
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Ryan CNM, Doulgkeroglou MN, Zeugolis DI. Electric field stimulation for tissue engineering applications. BMC Biomed Eng 2021; 3:1. [PMID: 33397515 PMCID: PMC7784019 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-020-00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric fields are involved in numerous physiological processes, including directional embryonic development and wound healing following injury. To study these processes in vitro and/or to harness electric field stimulation as a biophysical environmental cue for organised tissue engineering strategies various electric field stimulation systems have been developed. These systems are overall similar in design and have been shown to influence morphology, orientation, migration and phenotype of several different cell types. This review discusses different electric field stimulation setups and their effect on cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N M Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway & USI, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Meletios N Doulgkeroglou
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway & USI, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway & USI, Galway, Ireland. .,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.
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63
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Wang XF, Li ML, Fang QQ, Zhao WY, Lou D, Hu YY, Chen J, Wang XZ, Tan WQ. Flexible electrical stimulation device with Chitosan-Vaseline® dressing accelerates wound healing in diabetes. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:230-243. [PMID: 32913931 PMCID: PMC7451868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing process of diabetic wounds is typically disordered and prolonged and requires both angiogenesis and epithelialization. Disruptions of the endogenous electric fields (EFs) may lead to disordered cell migration. Electrical stimulation (ES) that mimics endogenous EFs is a promising method in treating diabetic wounds; however, a microenvironment that facilitates cell migration and a convenient means that can be used to apply ES are also required. Chitosan-Vaseline® gauze (CVG) has been identified to facilitate wound healing; it also promotes moisture retention and immune regulation and has antibacterial activity. For this study, we created a wound dressing using CVG together with a flexible ES device and further evaluated its potential as a treatment for diabetic wounds. We found that high voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC) promoted healing of diabetic wounds in vivo. In studies carried out in vitro, we found that HVMPC promoted the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by activating PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Overall, we determined that the flexible ES-chitosan dressing may promoted healing of diabetic wounds by accelerating angiogenesis, enhancing epithelialization, and inhibiting scar formation. These findings provide support for the ongoing development of this multidisciplinary product for the care and treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dong Lou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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64
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Dai X, Heng BC, Bai Y, You F, Sun X, Li Y, Tang Z, Xu M, Zhang X, Deng X. Restoration of electrical microenvironment enhances bone regeneration under diabetic conditions by modulating macrophage polarization. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:2029-2038. [PMID: 33474514 PMCID: PMC7787955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation compromises bone repair in diabetic patients. Electrical signaling cues are known to regulate macrophage functions. However, the biological effects of electrical microenvironment from charged biomaterials on the immune response for regulating osteogenesis under diabetic conditions remain to be elucidated. Herein the endogeneous electrical microenvironment of native bone tissue was recapitulated by fabricating a ferroelectric BaTiO3/poly (vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) nanocomposite membrane. In vitro, the polarized BaTiO3/poly (vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) nanocomposite membranes inhibited high glucose-induced M1-type inflammation, by effecting changes in cell morphology, M1 marker expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages. This led to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In vivo, the biomimetic electrical microenvironment recapitulated by the polarized nanocomposite membranes switched macrophage phenotype from the pro-inflammatory (M1) into the pro-healing (M2) phenotype, which in turn enhanced bone regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mechanistic studies revealed that the biomimetic electrical microenvironment attenuated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization under hyperglycemic conditions by suppressing expression of AKT2 and IRF5 within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby inducing favorable osteo-immunomodulatory effects. Our study thus provides fundamental insights into the biological effects of restoring the electrical microenvironment conducive for osteogenesis under DM conditions, and offers an effective strategy to design functionalized biomaterials for bone regeneration therapy in diabetic patients. Electrical microenvironment recapitulated by BTO membranes switched pro-inflammatory M1 into pro-healing M2 phenotype. The macrophage phenotype transformation from M1 to M2 promotes bone regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Restored electrical microenvironment attenuated M1 macrophage polarization via downregulation of AKT2-IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.,Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yunyang Bai
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yiping Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
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65
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McCaig CD. Epithelial Physiology, Ovarian Follicles, Nerve Growth Cones, Vibrating Probes, Wound Healing, and Cluster Headache: Staggering Steps on a Route Map to Bioelectricity. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:411-417. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colin D. McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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66
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Mozneb M, Mirtaheri E, Sanabria AO, Li CZ. Bioelectronic properties of DNA, protein, cells and their applications for diagnostic medical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112441. [PMID: 32763825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
From a couple of centuries ago, understanding physical properties of biological material, their interference with their natural host and their potential manipulation for employment as a conductor in medical devices, has gathered substantial interest in the field of bioelectronics. With the fast-emerging technologies for fabrication of diagnostic modalities, wearable biosensors and implantable devices, which electrical components are of essential importance, a need for developing novel conductors within such devices has evolved over the past decades. As the possibility of electron transport within small biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins, as well as larger elements such as cells was established, several discoveries of the modern charge characterization technologies were evolved. Development of Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance among many other techniques were of vital importance, following the discoveries made in sub-micron scales of biological material. This review covers the most recent understandings of electronic properties within different scale of biological material starting from nanometer range to millimeter-sized organs. We also discuss the state-of-the-art technology that's been made taking advantage of electronic properties of biological material for addressing diseases like Parkinson's Disease and Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mozneb
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Elnaz Mirtaheri
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Arianna Ortega Sanabria
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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67
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Sen CK, Mathew-Steiner SS, Das A, Sundaresan VB, Roy S. Electroceutical Management of Bacterial Biofilms and Surgical Infection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:713-724. [PMID: 32466673 PMCID: PMC7475090 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: In the host-microbe microenvironment, bioelectrical factors influence microbes and hosts as well as host-microbe interactions. This article discusses relevant mechanistic underpinnings of this novel paradigm. It also addresses how such knowledge may be leveraged to develop novel electroceutical solutions to manage biofilm infection. Recent Advances: Systematic review and meta-analysis of several hundred wound studies reported a 78.2% prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds. Biofilm infection is a major cause of delayed wound healing. In the host-microbe microenvironment, bioelectrical factors influence interactions between microbes and hosts. Critical Issues: Rapid biological responses are driven by electrical signals generated by ion currents moving across cell membranes. Bacterial life, growth, and function rely on a bioelectrical milieu, which when perturbed impairs their ability to form a biofilm, a major threat to health care. Electrokinetic stability of several viral particles depend on electrostatic forces. Weak electrical field strength, otherwise safe for humans, can be anti-microbial in this context. In the host, the electric field enhanced keratinocyte migration, bolstered immune defenses, improved mitochondrial function, and demonstrated multiple other effects consistent with supporting wound healing. A deeper mechanistic understanding of bioelectrical principles will inform the design of next-generation electroceuticals. Future Directions: This is an opportune moment in time as there is a surge of interest in electroceuticals in medicine. Projected to reach $35.5 billion by 2025, electroceuticals are becoming a cynosure in the global market. The World Health Organization reports that more than 50% of surgical site infections can be antibiotic resistant. Electroceuticals offer a serious alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shomita S. Mathew-Steiner
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vishnu Baba Sundaresan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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68
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Benhal P, Quashie D, Kim Y, Ali J. Insulator Based Dielectrophoresis: Micro, Nano, and Molecular Scale Biological Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5095. [PMID: 32906803 PMCID: PMC7570478 DOI: 10.3390/s20185095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulator based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is becoming increasingly important in emerging biomolecular applications, including particle purification, fractionation, and separation. Compared to conventional electrode-based dielectrophoresis (eDEP) techniques, iDEP has been demonstrated to have a higher degree of selectivity of biological samples while also being less biologically intrusive. Over the past two decades, substantial technological advances have been made, enabling iDEP to be applied from micro, to nano and molecular scales. Soft particles, including cell organelles, viruses, proteins, and nucleic acids, have been manipulated using iDEP, enabling the exploration of subnanometer biological interactions. Recent investigations using this technique have demonstrated a wide range of applications, including biomarker screening, protein folding analysis, and molecular sensing. Here, we review current state-of-art research on iDEP systems and highlight potential future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Benhal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - David Quashie
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yoontae Kim
- American Dental Association Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Jamel Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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69
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Bostan LE, Almqvist S, Pullar CE. A pulsed current electric field alters protein expression creating a wound healing phenotype in human skin cells. Regen Med 2020; 15:1611-1623. [PMID: 32633622 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Pulsed current (PC) electric field (EF) devices promote healing in chronic wounds but the underpinning mechanisms are largely unknown. The gap between clinical evidence and mechanistic understanding limits device uptake in clinics. Materials & methods: Migration, proliferation and gene/protein expression profiles were investigated in the presence/absence of PCEF, in skin: keratinocytes (NHK); dermal fibroblasts (HDF); dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and macrophages (THP-1). Results: While PCEF had little effect on migration or proliferation, it significantly altered the expression of 31 genes and the secretion of 7 pro-angiogenic and pro-regenerative growth factors using ELISAs. Conclusion: PCEF significantly altered skin cell genomes/proteomes which provides some evidence of how PCEF devices promote healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana E Bostan
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sofia Almqvist
- Mölnlycke Health Care AB, (P.O. Box 13080 SE-402 52) Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christine E Pullar
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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70
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Jain N, Moeller J, Vogel V. Mechanobiology of Macrophages: How Physical Factors Coregulate Macrophage Plasticity and Phagocytosis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 21:267-297. [PMID: 31167103 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their early-recognized functions in host defense and the clearance of apoptotic cell debris, macrophages play vital roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. If misregulated, they steer the progression of many inflammatory diseases. Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage signaling, transcriptomics, and proteomics, under physiological and pathological conditions. Yet, the detailed mechanisms that tune circulating monocytes/macrophages and tissue-resident macrophage polarization, differentiation, specification, and their functional plasticity remain elusive. We review how physical factors affect macrophage phenotype and function, including how they hunt for particles and pathogens, as well as the implications for phagocytosis, autophagy, and polarization from proinflammatory to prohealing phenotype. We further discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in regenerative medicine and for the design of new drugs and immune-modulatory drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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71
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Hub Proteins Involved in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Exposed to Direct Current Electric Field. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124505. [PMID: 32599940 PMCID: PMC7352442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, studies on macrophage proteins mainly focus on biological stimuli, with less attention paid to the responses of macrophage proteins to physical stimuli, such as electric fields. Here, we exploited the electric field-sensitive hub proteins of macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (200 mV/mm) for four hours, followed by RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Eight qPCR-verified DEGs were selected. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of DEGs were modeled by Modeller and Rosetta, followed by molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns with GROMACS. Finally, dcEFs (10, 50, and 500 mV/mm) were used to simulate the molecular dynamics of DEG proteins for 200 ns, followed by trajectory analysis. The dcEF has no obvious effect on RAW 264.7 morphology. A total of 689 DEGs were obtained, and enrichment analysis showed that the steroid biosynthesis pathway was most affected by the dcEF. Moreover, the three-dimensional protein structures of hub proteins were constructed, and trajectory analysis suggested that the dcEF caused an increase in the atomic motion of the protein in a dcEF-intensity-dependent manner. Overall, we provide new clues and a basis for investigating the hub proteins of macrophages in response to electric field stimulation.
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72
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Rouabhia M, Park HJ, Abedin‐Do A, Douville Y, Méthot M, Zhang Z. Electrical stimulation promotes the proliferation of human keratinocytes, increases the production of keratin 5 and 14, and increases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:909-919. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Atieh Abedin‐Do
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Yvan Douville
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Mireille Méthot
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Ze Zhang
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval Quebec Canada
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73
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Molsberger A, McCaig CD. Percutaneous Bioelectric Current Stimulation for Chronic Cluster Headache - A Possible Transformative Approach to Cluster Headache. J Pain Res 2020; 13:817-828. [PMID: 32425586 PMCID: PMC7186886 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s242093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cluster headache (CH) is considered to be a catastrophic disease presenting the most severe human pain condition. Available pharmacological treatments are hampered by unwanted side effects, and there is an urgent need for non-pharmacological treatment alternatives. We present a novel therapeutic approach for chronic CH, having evolved from an episodic CH, using a non-invasive percutaneous bioelectric current stimulation (PBCS), which generates static electric fields in the range of the naturally occurring electric potentials. Patients and Methods This study employed a retrospective data analysis of 20 cases of chronic cluster headache (CCH) patients, four of those having had cluster-related surgery (SPG, ONS). All patients were treated with PBCS between 2014 and 2018. Data of these patients were analyzed with respect to frequency of CH attacks and triptan application and followed up for one (20 cases) or two (12 cases) years. Results Four weeks after the first PBCS treatment, cluster headache attacks were reduced from 2.8 to 1.7 per day and triptan application decreased from 2.5 to 1.5 times/day. Six non-responders, 4 of which had pre-CH surgery, did not show any reaction to PBCS, while 14 responders improved within 4 weeks from 2.2 to 0.7 attacks/day and 2.0 to 0.4 triptan applications/day. A 50% or greater reduction of attack frequency was observed in 10 patients after 4 weeks and in 11 patients after 12 weeks. One year after the first treatment, 13/20 patients experienced a reduction of attack frequency of 50% or more, while remarkably 10 patients were completely free of attack. After 2 years, 8 of 12 patients experienced a reduction of attack frequency of 50% or more and 7 of those were completely symptom-free. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusion PBCS is a promising transformative treatment approach for CCH patients. Drug consumption was reduced significantly, and the CCH may revert back to an episodic cluster headache with increasingly long times of remission. Responders can be clearly differentiated from non-responders. The data support the need for randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Molsberger
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Clinic for Headache, Pain and Locomotive Disorders, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
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74
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Leppik L, Oliveira KMC, Bhavsar MB, Barker JH. Electrical stimulation in bone tissue engineering treatments. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 46:231-244. [PMID: 32078704 PMCID: PMC7113220 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (EStim) has been shown to promote bone healing and regeneration both in animal experiments and clinical treatments. Therefore, incorporating EStim into promising new bone tissue engineering (BTE) therapies is a logical next step. The goal of current BTE research is to develop combinations of cells, scaffolds, and chemical and physical stimuli that optimize treatment outcomes. Recent studies demonstrating EStim's positive osteogenic effects at the cellular and molecular level provide intriguing clues to the underlying mechanisms by which it promotes bone healing. In this review, we discuss results of recent in vitro and in vivo research focused on using EStim to promote bone healing and regeneration and consider possible strategies for its application to improve outcomes in BTE treatments. Technical aspects of exposing cells and tissues to EStim in in vitro and in vivo model systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Leppik
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Karla Mychellyne Costa Oliveira
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mit Balvantray Bhavsar
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - John Howard Barker
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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75
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Kronberg G, Rahman A, Sharma M, Bikson M, Parra LC. Direct current stimulation boosts hebbian plasticity in vitro. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:287-301. [PMID: 31668982 PMCID: PMC6989352 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve learning performance. Arguably, this effect is related to long term potentiation (LTP), but the precise biophysical mechanisms remain unknown. HYPOTHESIS We propose that direct current stimulation (DCS) causes small changes in postsynaptic membrane potential during ongoing endogenous synaptic activity. The altered voltage dynamics in the postsynaptic neuron then modify synaptic strength via the machinery of endogenous voltage-dependent Hebbian plasticity. This hypothesis predicts that DCS should exhibit Hebbian properties, namely pathway specificity and associativity. METHODS We studied the effects of DCS applied during the induction of LTP in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices and using a biophysical computational model. RESULTS DCS enhanced LTP, but only at synapses that were undergoing plasticity, confirming that DCS respects Hebbian pathway specificity. When different synaptic pathways cooperated to produce LTP, DCS enhanced this cooperation, boosting Hebbian associativity. Further slice experiments and computer simulations support a model where polarization of postsynaptic pyramidal neurons drives these plasticity effects through endogenous Hebbian mechanisms. The model is able to reconcile several experimental results by capturing the complex interaction between the induced electric field, neuron morphology, and endogenous neural activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tDCS can enhance associative learning. We propose that clinical tDCS should be applied during tasks that induce Hebbian plasticity to harness this phenomenon, and that the effects should be task specific through their interaction with endogenous plasticity mechanisms. Models that incorporate brain state and plasticity mechanisms may help to improve prediction of tDCS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Kronberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Asif Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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76
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Electric Field Based Dressing Disrupts Mixed-Species Bacterial Biofilm Infection and Restores Functional Wound Healing. Ann Surg 2020; 269:756-766. [PMID: 29099398 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to employ electroceutical principles, as an alternative to pharmacological intervention, to manage wound biofilm infection. Mechanism of action of a United States Food and Drug Administration-cleared wireless electroceutical dressing (WED) was tested in an established porcine chronic wound polymicrobial biofilm infection model involving inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Acinetobacter baumannii 19606. BACKGROUND Bacterial biofilms represent a major wound complication. Resistance of biofilm toward pharmacologic interventions calls for alternative therapeutic strategies. Weak electric field has anti-biofilm properties. We have previously reported the development of WED involving patterned deposition of Ag and Zn on fabric. When moistened, WED generates a weak electric field without any external power supply and can be used as any other disposable dressing. METHODS WED dressing was applied within 2 hours of wound infection to test its ability to prevent biofilm formation. Alternatively, WED was applied after 7 days of infection to study disruption of established biofilm. Wounds were treated with placebo dressing or WED twice a week for 56 days. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that WED prevented and disrupted wound biofilm aggregates. WED accelerated functional wound closure by restoring skin barrier function. WED blunted biofilm-induced expression of (1) P. aeruginosa quorum sensing mvfR (pqsR), rhlR and lasR genes, and (2) miR-9 and silencing of E-cadherin. E-cadherin is critically required for skin barrier function. Furthermore, WED rescued against biofilm-induced persistent inflammation by circumventing nuclear factor kappa B activation and its downstream cytokine responses. CONCLUSION This is the first pre-clinical porcine mechanistic study to recognize the potential of electroceuticals as an effective platform technology to combat wound biofilm infection.
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77
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Chen C, Bai X, Ding Y, Lee IS. Electrical stimulation as a novel tool for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering. Biomater Res 2019; 23:25. [PMID: 31844552 PMCID: PMC6896676 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, electrical stimulation as a physical stimulus draws lots of attention. It shows great potential in disease treatment, wound healing, and mechanism study because of significant experimental performance. Electrical stimulation can activate many intracellular signaling pathways, and influence intracellular microenvironment, as a result, affect cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Electrical stimulation is using in tissue engineering as a novel type of tool in regeneration medicine. Besides, with the advantages of biocompatible conductive materials coming into view, the combination of electrical stimulation with suitable tissue engineered scaffolds can well combine the benefits of both and is ideal for the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize the various materials and latest technologies to deliver electrical stimulation. The influences of electrical stimulation on cell alignment, migration and its underlying mechanisms are discussed. Then the effect of electrical stimulation on cell proliferation and differentiation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - In-Seop Lee
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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78
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Physiological strength electric fields modulate human T cell activation and polarisation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17604. [PMID: 31772211 PMCID: PMC6879562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors and signals driving T cell activation and polarisation during immune responses have been studied mainly at the level of cells and chemical mediators. Here we describe a physical driver of these processes in the form of physiological-strength electric fields (EFs). EFs are generated at sites where epithelium is disrupted (e.g. wounded skin/bronchial epithelia) and where T cells frequently are present. Using live-cell imaging, we show human primary T cells migrate directionally to the cathode in low strength (50/150 mV/mm) EFs. Strikingly, we show for the first time that EFs significantly downregulate T cell activation following stimulation with antigen-activated APCs or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, as demonstrated by decreased IL-2 secretion and proliferation. These EF-induced functional changes were accompanied by a significant dampening of CD4+ T cell polarisation. Expression of critical markers of the Th17 lineage, RORγt and IL-17, and the Th17 polarisation mediator phospho-STAT3 were reduced significantly, while STAT1, ERK and c-Jun phosphorylation were comparatively unaffected suggesting STAT3 modulation by EFs as one mechanism driving effects. Overall, we identify electrical signals as important contributors to the co-ordination and regulation of human T cell functions, paving the way for a new research area into effects of naturally occurring and clinically-applied EFs in conditions where control of T cell activity is paramount.
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79
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Pratiwi R, Antara NY, Fadliansyah LG, Ardiansyah SA, Nurhidayat L, Sholikhah EN, Sunarti S, Widyarini S, Fadhlurrahman AG, Fatmasari H, Tunjung WAS, Haryana SM, Alamsyah F, Taruno WP. CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. F1000Res 2019; 8:1770. [PMID: 32695310 PMCID: PMC7348523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20727.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue. Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were non DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups. Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
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Affiliation(s)
- Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Yudi Antara
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sunarti Sunarti
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Hindana Fatmasari
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
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80
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Srirussamee K, Mobini S, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Direct electrical stimulation enhances osteogenesis by inducing Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions from macrophages and preosteoblasts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3421-3432. [PMID: 31429922 PMCID: PMC6899728 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The capability of electrical stimulation (ES) in promoting bone regeneration has already been addressed in clinical studies. However, its mechanism is still being investigated and discussed. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrophages (J774A.1) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to ES and the faradic by-products from ES. It is found that pH of the culture media was not significantly changed, whereas the average hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased by 3.6 and 5.4 µM after 1 and 2 hr of ES, respectively. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 messenger RNAs was observed after 3 days of stimulation, which is consistent among two cell types. It is also found that Spp1 expression of macrophages was partially enhanced by faradic by-products. Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts was not observed during the early stage of ES as the level of Runx2 expression remains unchanged. However, cell proliferation was impaired by the excessive current density from the electrodes, and also faradic by-products in the case of macrophages. This study shows that macrophages could respond to ES and potentially contribute to the bone formation alongside preosteoblasts. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions induced by ES could be one of the mechanisms behind the electrically stimulated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nigel J Cassidy
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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81
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Song SY, Yoo J, Go S, Hong J, Sohn HS, Lee JR, Kang M, Jeong GJ, Ryu S, Kim SHL, Hwang NS, Char K, Kim BS. Cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system for direct cardiac reprogramming. Theranostics 2019; 9:6734-6744. [PMID: 31660065 PMCID: PMC6815967 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cardiovascular diseases often cause substantial heart damage and even heart failure due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. The direct cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts could be a promising therapeutic option for these patients. Although exogenous transcriptional factors can induce direct cardiac reprogramming, the reprogramming efficiency is too low to be used clinically. Herein, we introduce a cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system that resembles the microenvironment in the heart and provides interactions with cardiomyocytes and electrical cues to the cultured fibroblasts for direct cardiac reprogramming. Methods: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes and heart like electric stimulus were used in the cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system. The human neonatal dermal fibroblasts containing cardiac transcription factors were plated on the membrane and cultured with the murine cardiomyocyte in the presence of the electric stimulus. The reprogramming efficiency was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes in the culture system facilitated interactions between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in coculture. The cellular interactions and electric stimulation supplied by the culture system dramatically enhanced the cardiac reprogramming efficiency of cardiac-specific transcriptional factor-transfected fibroblasts. Conclusion: The cardiac-mimetic culture system may serve as an effective tool for producing a feasible number of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts.
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82
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Oliveira KMC, Barker JH, Berezikov E, Pindur L, Kynigopoulos S, Eischen-Loges M, Han Z, Bhavsar MB, Henrich D, Leppik L. Electrical stimulation shifts healing/scarring towards regeneration in a rat limb amputation model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11433. [PMID: 31391536 PMCID: PMC6685943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different species respond differently to severe injury, such as limb loss. In species that regenerate, limb loss is met with complete restoration of the limbs’ form and function, whereas in mammals the amputated limb’s stump heals and scars. In in vitro studies, electrical stimulation (EStim) has been shown to promote cell migration, and osteo- and chondrogenesis. In in vivo studies, after limb amputation, EStim causes significant new bone, cartilage and vessel growth. Here, in a rat model, the stumps of amputated rat limbs were exposed to EStim, and we measured extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, macrophage distribution, cell proliferation and gene expression changes at early (3 and 7 days) and later stages (28 days). We found that EStim caused differences in ECM deposition, with less condensed collagen fibrils, and modified macrophage response by changing M1 to M2 macrophage ratio. The number of proliferating cells was increased in EStim treated stumps 7 days after amputation, and transcriptome data strongly supported our histological findings, with activated gene pathways known to play key roles in embryonic development and regeneration. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that EStim shifts injury response from healing/scarring towards regeneration. A better understanding of if and how EStim controls these changes, could lead to strategies that replace scarring with regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M C Oliveira
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J H Barker
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Pindur
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Frankfurt am Main gGmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Kynigopoulos
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Eischen-Loges
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Z Han
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M B Bhavsar
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Leppik
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics & Trauma Surgery, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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83
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Cunha F, Rajnicek AM, McCaig CD. Electrical Stimulation Directs Migration, Enhances and Orients Cell Division and Upregulates the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR2 in Endothelial Cells. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:39-53. [PMID: 30995642 DOI: 10.1159/000495311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural direct current electric fields (DC EFs) within tissues undergoing angiogenesis have the potential to influence vessel formation, but how they affect endothelial cells is not clear. We therefore quantified behaviours of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human microvasculature endothelial cells (HMEC) stimulated by EFsin vitro. Both cell types migrated faster and toward the cathode; HUVECs responded to fields as low as 50mV/mm, but the HMEC threshold was 100 mV/mm. Mitosis was stimulated at 50 mV/mm for HMEC and at 150 mV/mm for HUVECs, but the cleavage plane was oriented orthogonal to the field vector at 200 mV/mm for both cell types. That different field strengths induced different cell responses suggests distinct underlying cellular mechanisms. A physiological electric field also upregulated expression of CXCR4 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors and upregulated phosphorylation of both chemokines in HUVEC and HMEC cells. Evidence that DC EFs direct endothelial cell migration, proliferation and upregulate chemokines involved in wound healing suggests a key role for electrical control of capillary production during healing. Our data contribute to the molecular mechanisms by which DC EFs direct endothelial cell behaviour and present a novel signalling paradigm in wound healing, tissue regeneration and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Cunha
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,
| | - Ann M Rajnicek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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84
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Sun Y, Reid B, Ferreira F, Luxardi G, Ma L, Lokken KL, Zhu K, Xu G, Sun Y, Ryzhuk V, Guo BP, Lebrilla CB, Maverakis E, Mogilner A, Zhao M. Infection-generated electric field in gut epithelium drives bidirectional migration of macrophages. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000044. [PMID: 30964858 PMCID: PMC6456179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens hijack macrophages to egress from the port of entry to the lymphatic drainage and/or bloodstream, causing dissemination of life-threatening infections. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection generates directional electric fields (EFs) in the follicle-associated epithelium of mouse cecum. In vitro application of an EF, mimicking the infection-generated electric field (IGEF), induces directional migration of primary mouse macrophages to the anode, which is reversed to the cathode upon Salmonella infection. This infection-dependent directional switch is independent of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III secretion system. The switch is accompanied by a reduction of sialic acids on glycosylated surface components during phagocytosis of bacteria, which is absent in macrophages challenged by microspheres. Moreover, enzymatic cleavage of terminally exposed sialic acids reduces macrophage surface negativity and severely impairs directional migration of macrophages in response to an EF. Based on these findings, we propose that macrophages are attracted to the site of infection by a combination of chemotaxis and galvanotaxis; after phagocytosis of bacteria, surface electrical properties of the macrophage change, and galvanotaxis directs the cells away from the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristen L. Lokken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Volodymyr Ryzhuk
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Betty P. Guo
- Office of Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
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85
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Roy S, Prakash S, Mathew-Steiner SS, Das Ghatak P, Lochab V, Jones TH, Mohana Sundaram P, Gordillo GM, Subramaniam VV, Sen CK. Disposable Patterned Electroceutical Dressing (PED-10) Is Safe for Treatment of Open Clinical Chronic Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:149-159. [PMID: 31016066 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate if patterned electroceutical dressing (PED) is safe for human chronic wounds treatment as reported by wound care providers. Approach: This work reports a pilot feasibility study with the primary objective to determine physically observable effects of PED application on host tissue response from a safety evaluation point of view. For this pilot study, patients receiving a lower extremity amputation with at least one open wound on the part to be amputated were enrolled. Patients were identified through the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria through prescreening through the Comprehensive Wound Center's (CWC) Limb Preservation Program and wound physicians and/or providers at OSUWMC. Wounds were treated with the PED before amputation surgery. Results: The intent of the study was to identify if PED was safe for clinical application based on visual observations of adverse or lack of adverse events on skin and wound tissue. The pilot testing performed on a small cohort (N = 8) of patients showed that with engineered voltage regulation of current flow to the open wound, the PED can be used with little to no visually observable adverse effects on chronic human skin wounds. Innovation: The PED was developed as a second-generation tunable electroceutical wound care dressing, which could potentially be used to treat wounds with deeper infections compared with current state of the art that treats wounds with treatment zone limited to the surface near topical application. Conclusion: Technology advances in design and fabrication of electroceutical dressings were leveraged to develop a tunable laboratory prototype that could be used as a disposable low-cost electroceutical wound care dressing on chronic wounds. Design revisions of PED-1 (1 kΩ ballast resistor) circumvented previously observed adverse effects on the skin in the vicinity of an open wound. PED-10 (including a 10 kΩ ballast resistor) was well tolerated in the small cohort of patients (N = 8) on whom it was tested, and the observations reported here warrant a larger study to determine the clinical impact on human wound healing and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shomita S. Mathew-Steiner
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Piya Das Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Varun Lochab
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Travis H. Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Gayle M. Gordillo
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Vish V. Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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86
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Li J. Weak direct current (DC) electric fields as a therapy for spinal cord injuries: review and advancement of the oscillating field stimulator (OFS). Neurosurg Rev 2019; 42:825-834. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-01068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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Yan T, Jiang X, Lin G, Tang D, Zhang J, Guo X, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Jia J, Huang Y. Autophagy is required for the directed motility of keratinocytes driven by electric fields. FASEB J 2018; 33:3922-3935. [PMID: 30509146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801294r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous wound electric fields (EFs), an important and fundamental occurrence of wound healing, profoundly influence the directed migration of keratinocytes. Although numerous studies have unveiled the signals responsible for EF-biased direction, the mechanisms by which EFs promote keratinocyte motility remains to be elucidated. In our study, EFs enhanced the directed migratory speed of keratinocytes by inducing autophagic activity, thereby facilitating skin barrier restoration. Initially, we found that electrical signals directed keratinocytes to the cathode with enhanced motility parameters [ i.e., trajectory distance, trajectory speed, displacement distance, and displacement speed ( Td/ t)] and more efficient migration (directionality and Td/ t along the x axis, among others). Meanwhile, EFs induced a time-dependent increase in autophagic activity in keratinocytes, with constant autophagic flux, accompanied by increased transcription of numerous autophagy-related genes. Deficiency in Atg5, a key protein necessary for autophagosome formation, led to significant reduction of autophagy, which was accompanied by a substantial reduction in EF-stimulated directed motility. These results demonstrated a causal relationship between autophagy and EF-directed migratory speed. In addition, both cell migration under normal conditions and EF-biased directionality were autophagy independent. Thus, our findings define autophagy as an important functional regulator of electrically enhanced directed motility, adding to a growing understanding of EFs.-Yan, T., Jiang, X., Lin, G., Tang, D., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Jia, J., Huang, Y. Autophagy is required for the directed motility of keratinocytes driven by electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Military Burn Center, the 990th (159th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoan Lin
- Military Burn Center, the 990th (159th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Zhumadian, China
| | - Di Tang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the 205th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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88
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Peretz-Soroka H, Tirosh R, Hipolito J, Huebner E, Alexander M, Fiege J, Lin F. A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:844-856. [PMID: 28960219 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amoeboid-like cell motility is known to be driven by the acidic enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the actin-myosin system. However, the electro-mechano-chemical coupling, whereby the free energy of ATP hydrolysis is transformed into the power of electrically polarized cell movement, is poorly understood. Previous experimental studies showed that actin filaments motion, cytoplasmic streaming, and muscle contraction can be reconstituted under actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by soluble non-filamentous myosin fragments. Thus, biological motility was demonstrated in the absence of a continuous protein network. These results lead to an integrative conceptual model for cell motility, which advocates an active role played by intracellular proton currents and cytoplasmic streaming (iPC-CS). In this model, we propose that protons and fluid currents develop intracellular electric polarization and pressure gradients, which generate an electro-hydrodynamic mode of amoeboid motion. Such energetic proton currents and active streaming are considered to be mainly driven by stereospecific ATP hydrolysis through myosin heads along oriented actin filaments. Key predictions of this model are supported by microscopy visualization and in-depth sub-population analysis of purified human neutrophils using a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Three distinct phases in cell motility profiles, morphology, and cytoplasmic streaming in response to physiological ranges of chemoattractant stimulation and electric field application are revealed. Our results support an intrinsic electric dipole formation linked to different patterns of cytoplasmic streaming, which can be explained by the iPC-CS model. Collectively, this alternative biophysical mechanism of cell motility provides new insights into bioenergetics with relevance to potential new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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89
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Tai G, Tai M, Zhao M. Electrically stimulated cell migration and its contribution to wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 30003115 PMCID: PMC6036678 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in the eighteenth century. Electric fields activate multiple cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN, the membrane channel of KCNJ15/Kir4.2 and intracellular polyamines. These pathways are involved in the sensing of physiological electric fields, directional cell migration (galvanotaxis, also known as electrotaxis), and possibly other cellular responses. Importantly, electric fields provide a dominant and over-riding signal that directs cell migration. Electrical stimulation could be a promising therapeutic method in promoting wound healing and activating regeneration of chronic and non-healing wounds. This review provides an update of the physiological role of electric fields, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, its potential therapeutic value, and questions that still await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Tai
- 1Centre of Advanced Biofabrication, Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Hefei University, Hefei City, China
| | - Michael Tai
- 2St Catherine's College, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UJ UK
| | - Min Zhao
- 3Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817 USA
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90
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Molsberger A, McCaig CD. Percutaneous direct current stimulation - a new electroceutical solution for severe neurological pain and soft tissue injuries. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2018; 11:205-214. [PMID: 29950908 PMCID: PMC6011884 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high medical need to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of pain and traumatic soft tissue injuries. In this context, electrostimulating devices have been used with only sporadic success. There is also much evidence of endogenous electrical signals that play key roles in regulating the development and regeneration of many tissues. Transepithelial potential gradients are one source of the direct current (DC) electrical signals that stimulate and guide the migration of inflammatory cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells to achieve effective wound healing. Up to now, this electrophysiological knowledge has not been adequately translated into a clinical treatment. Here, we present a mobile, handheld electroceutical smart device based on a microcontroller, an analog front end and a battery, which generates DC electric fields (EFs), mimicking and modulating the patient’s own physiological electrical signals. The electrical stimulation is applied to percutaneous metal probes, which are located close to the inflamed or injured tissue of the patient. The treatment can be used in an ambulatory or stationary environment. It shows unexpectedly, highly effective treatment for certain severe neurological pain conditions, as well as traumatic soft tissue injuries (muscle/ligament ruptures, joint sprains). Without EF intervention, these conditions, respectively, are either virtually incurable or take several months to heal. We present three cases – severe chronic cluster headache, acute massive muscle rupture of the rectus femoris and an acute ankle sprain with a ruptured anterior talofibular ligament – to demonstrate clinical effectiveness and discuss the fundamental differences between mimicking DC simulation and conventional transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) or TENS-like implanted devices as used for peripheral nerve cord, spinal cord or dorsal root stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Molsberger
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Clinic for Orthopedics and Pain Treatment, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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91
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Gomes RC, Guirro EC, Gonçalves AC, Farina Junior JA, Murta Junior LO, Guirro RR. High-voltage electric stimulation of the donor site of skin grafts accelerates the healing process. A randomized blinded clinical trial. Burns 2018; 44:636-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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92
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Maijer A, Gessner A, Trumpatori B, Varhus JD. Bioelectric Dressing Supports Complex Wound Healing in Small Animal Patients. Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:21-28. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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93
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Liu Y, Dhall S, Castro A, Chan A, Alamat R, Martins-Green M. Insulin regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis into the wound tissue. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.026187. [PMID: 29101099 PMCID: PMC5827262 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that involves sequential phases that overlap in time and space and affect each other dynamically at the gene and protein levels. We previously showed that insulin accelerates wound healing by stimulating faster and regenerative healing. One of the processes that insulin stimulates is an increase in monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. In this study, we performed experiments in vivo and in vitro to elucidate the signaling transduction pathways that are involved in insulin-induced monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. We found that insulin stimulates THP-1 cell chemotaxis in a dose-dependent and insulin receptor-dependent manner. We also show that the kinases PI3K-Akt, SPAK/JNK, and p38 MAPK are key molecules in the insulin-induced signaling pathways that lead to chemoattraction of the THP-1 cell. Furthermore, both PI3K-Akt and SPAK/JNK signaling involve Rac1 activation, an important molecule in regulating cell motility. Indeed, topical application of Rac1 inhibitor at an early stage during the healing process caused delayed and impaired healing even in the presence of insulin. These results delineate cell and molecular mechanisms involved in insulin-induced chemotaxis of monocyte/macrophage, cells that are critical for proper healing. Summary: Insulin regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis into the wound tissue, involving -Akt, SPAK/JNK, and p38 MAPK which in turn are involved in Rac1 activation. Furthermore, these results augment our understanding of the insulin-regulated wound inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, ShangHai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Ruijin hospital, Shanghai, P.R.China 200025
| | - Sandeep Dhall
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anthony Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alex Chan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Raquelle Alamat
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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94
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Abstract
New developments in accelerating wound healing can have immense beneficial socioeconomic impact. The wound healing process is a highly orchestrated series of mechanisms where a multitude of cells and biological cascades are involved. The skin battery and current of injury mechanisms have become topics of interest for their influence in chronic wounds. Electrostimulation therapy of wounds has shown to be a promising treatment option with no-device-related adverse effects. This review presents an overview of the understanding and use of applied electrical current in various aspects of wound healing. Rapid clinical translation of the evolving understanding of biomolecular mechanisms underlying the effects of electrical simulation on wound healing would positively impact upon enhancing patient’s quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Hunckler
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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95
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Franklin BM, Maroudas E, Osborn JL. Sine-wave electrical stimulation initiates a voltage-gated potassium channel-dependent soft tissue response characterized by induction of hemocyte recruitment and collagen deposition. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/12/e12832. [PMID: 27335435 PMCID: PMC4923233 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue repair is a complex process that requires specific communication between multiple cell types to orchestrate effective restoration of physiological functions. Macrophages play a critical role in this wound healing process beginning at the onset of tissue injury. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in macrophage recruitment to the wound site is an essential step for developing more effective clinical therapies. Macrophages are known to respond to electrical fields, but the underlying cellular mechanisms mediating this response is unknown. This study demonstrated that low‐amplitude sine‐wave electrical stimulation (ES) initiates a soft tissue response in the absence of injury in Procambarus clarkii. This cellular response was characterized by recruitment of macrophage‐like hemocytes to the stimulation site indicated by increased hemocyte density at the site. ES also increased tissue collagen deposition compared to sham treatment (P < 0.05). Voltage‐gated potassium (KV) channel inhibition with either 4‐aminopyridine or astemizole decreased both hemocyte recruitment and collagen deposition compared to saline infusion (P < 0.05), whereas inhibition of calcium‐permeable channels with ruthenium red did not affect either response to ES. Thus, macrophage‐like hemocytes in P. clarkii elicit a wound‐like response to exogenous ES and this is accompanied by collagen deposition. This response is mediated by KV channels but independent of Ca2+ channels. We propose a significant role for KV channels that extends beyond facilitating Ca2+ transport via regulation of cellular membrane potentials during ES of soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Maroudas
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Osborn
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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