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Shin HJ, Lee KJ, Gil M. Multiomic Analysis of Cereblon Expression and Its Prognostic Value in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma, and Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040263. [PMID: 33916291 PMCID: PMC8065640 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN) is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays crucial roles in various cellular processes. However, no systematic studies on the expression and functions of CRBN in solid tumors have been conducted to date. Here, we analyzed CRBN expression and its clinical value using several bioinformatic databases. CRBN mRNA expression was downregulated in various cancer types compared to normal cells. Survival analysis demonstrated that overall survival was significantly positively correlated with CRBN expression in some cancer types including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). CRBN expression was downregulated regardless of clinicopathological characteristics in LUAD and KIRC. Analysis of genes that are commonly correlated with CRBN expression among KIRC, LUAD, and SKCM samples elucidated the potential CRBN-associated mechanisms of cancer progression. Overall, this study revealed the prognostic value of CRBN and its potential associated mechanisms, which may facilitate the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jae Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.J.L.); (M.G.)
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Schick J, Ritchie RP, Restini C. Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2021; 15:1178223421995854. [PMID: 33994789 PMCID: PMC8100889 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421995854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Schick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | - Raquel P Ritchie
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Restini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Qi Y, Liu J, Chao J, Greer PA, Li S. PTEN dephosphorylates Abi1 to promote epithelial morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151941. [PMID: 32673396 PMCID: PMC7480098 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is essential for early development. Its lipid phosphatase activity converts PIP3 to PIP2 and antagonizes the PI3K–Akt pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that PTEN’s protein phosphatase activity is required for epiblast epithelial differentiation and polarization. This is accomplished by reconstitution of PTEN-null embryoid bodies with PTEN mutants that lack only PTEN’s lipid phosphatase activity or both PTEN’s lipid and protein phosphatase activities. Phosphotyrosine antibody immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify Abi1, a core component of the WASP-family verprolin homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC), as a new PTEN substrate. We demonstrate that PTEN dephosphorylation of Abi1 at Y213 and S216 results in Abi1 degradation through the calpain pathway. This leads to down-regulation of the WRC and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The latter is critical to the transformation of nonpolar pluripotent stem cells into the polarized epiblast epithelium. Our findings establish a link between PTEN and WAVE-Arp2/3–regulated actin cytoskeletal dynamics in epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Joshua Chao
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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Sai X, Qin C, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Bian T. Downregulation of PTEN mediates bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells by suppressing autophagy. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520923522. [PMID: 32436415 PMCID: PMC7287201 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520923522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bleomycin is an important chemotherapeutic drug that activates premature
senescence to decrease the tumorigenic process. We aimed to investigate the
role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in
bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells. Methods Human lung cancer A549 cells were incubated in the presence of different
concentrations of bleomycin for 5 days. A lentivirus vector was used to
silence the PTEN gene, followed by stimulation with
bleomycin (1 µg/mL). Changes were evaluated by senescence-associated
β-galactosidase staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,
and western blot. Results Treatment with bleomycin induced premature senescence. PTEN expression was
decreased and key downstream molecules in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were gradually
activated following bleomycin treatment. Silencing PTEN
reduced autophagy and accelerated senescence of A549 cells. Autophagy levels
were also increased and senescence markers were reduced after inhibiting
mTOR. Conclusions Downregulation of PTEN mediates bleomycin-induced premature senescence in
lung cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
These findings provide new insights into the potential role of PTEN as a
molecular target for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Popova NV, Jücker M. The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041743. [PMID: 33572326 PMCID: PMC7916160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize current available information about the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in cancer as a potential target for new therapy options. The mTOR and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) signaling are critical for the regulation of many fundamental cell processes including protein synthesis, cell growth, metabolism, survival, catabolism, and autophagy, and deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in cancer, metabolic dysregulation, and the aging process. In this review, we summarize the information about the structure and function of the mTOR pathway and discuss the mechanisms of its deregulation in human cancers including genetic alterations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components. We also present recent data regarding the PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in clinical studies and the treatment of cancer, as well the attendant problems of resistance and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Popova
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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Li C, Pu B, Gu L, Zhang M, Shen H, Yuan Y, Liao L. Identification of key modules and hub genes in glioblastoma multiforme based on co-expression network analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:833-850. [PMID: 33423377 PMCID: PMC7931238 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumour in the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, data set GSE50161 was used to construct a co‐expression network for weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Two modules (dubbed brown and turquoise) were found to have the strongest correlation with GBM. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the brown module was involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and pyrimidine metabolism. The turquoise module was primarily related to circadian rhythm entrainment, glutamatergic synapses, and axonal guidance. Hub genes were screened by survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas databases and further tested using the GSE4290 and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. The eight hub genes (NUSAP1, SHCBP1, KNL1, SULT4A1, SLC12A5, NUF2, NAPB, and GARNL3) were verified at both the transcriptional and translational levels, and these gene expression levels were significant based on the World Health Organization classification system. These hub genes may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the accurate diagnosis and management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- GCP Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bangming Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongping Shen
- GCP Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- GCP Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lishang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chédeville AL, Madureira PA. The Role of Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:542. [PMID: 33535436 PMCID: PMC7867045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) (grade IV astrocytoma) is the most malignant type of primary brain tumor with a 16 months median survival time following diagnosis. Despite increasing attention regarding the development of targeted therapies for GB that resulted in around 450 clinical trials currently undergoing, radiotherapy still remains the most clinically effective treatment for these patients. Nevertheless, radiotherapy resistance (radioresistance) is commonly observed in GB patients leading to tumor recurrence and eventually patient death. It is therefore essential to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpinning GB cell radioresistance in order to develop novel strategies and combinational therapies focused on enhancing tumor cell sensitivity to radiotherapy. In this review, we present a comprehensive examination of the current literature regarding the role of hypoxia (O2 partial pressure less than 10 mmHg), a main GB microenvironmental factor, in radioresistance with the ultimate goal of identifying potential molecular markers and therapeutic targets to overcome this issue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe L. Chédeville
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, CEDEX 94805 Villejuif, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, CEDEX 94805 Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, 114, Rue Edouard-Vaillant, CEDEX 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patricia A. Madureira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Building 8, Room 2.22, 9005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Gandhi T, Lee CC. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive Behaviors in Rodent Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:592710. [PMID: 33519379 PMCID: PMC7840495 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.592710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is comprised of several conditions characterized by alterations in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the heterogeneous development of ASD behaviors. Several rodent models display ASD-like phenotypes, including repetitive behaviors. In this review article, we discuss the potential neural mechanisms involved in repetitive behaviors in rodent models of ASD and related neuropsychiatric disorders. We review signaling pathways, neural circuits, and anatomical alterations in rodent models that display robust stereotypic behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms and circuit alterations underlying repetitive behaviors in rodent models of ASD will inform translational research and provide useful insight into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of repetitive behaviors in ASD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gandhi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Huang SJ, Huang J, Yan YB, Qiu J, Tan RQ, Liu Y, Tian Q, Guan L, Niu SS, Zhang Y, Xi Z, Xiang Y, Gong Q. The renoprotective effect of curcumin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice: involvement of miR-181a/PTEN axis. Ren Fail 2021; 42:350-357. [PMID: 32338107 PMCID: PMC7241563 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1751658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity, especially acute kidney injury (AKI), is the main dose-limiting toxicity of cisplatin. Although recent studies showed that curcumin prevented cisplatin-induced AKI effectively, further studies to understand the mechanism are required.Methods: We established an AKI mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups: saline group (control), cisplatin group (CP), and curcumin + cisplatin group (CP + Cur). The CP group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin, while the control group received saline. The CP + Cur group received i.p. curcumin three days before cisplatin injection and curcumin administered for another three days until the day before euthanization. Renal injury was assessed by serological and histological analysis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and microRNA (miR)-181a expression in the renal tissues. Bioinformatics prediction and western blotting methods validated the targets of miR-181a in vitro.Results: Curcumin treatment alleviated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as validated by the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, and histological analysis of kidneys. At the molecular level, curcumin treatment decreased miR-181a expression level, which was induced by cisplatin and restored the in vivo expression of PTEN, which was suppressed by cisplatin. We verified the direct regulation of PTEN by miR-181a in cultured human embryonic kidney 293T cells.Conclusions: We showed the involvement of miR-181a/PTEN axis in the renoprotective effect of curcumin against cisplatin-induced AKI, and provide new evidence on the ability of curcumin to alleviate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yun-Bo Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qiu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qiao Tan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Xi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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PROPOSe: A Real-life Prospective Study of Proclarix, a Novel Blood-based Test to Support Challenging Biopsy Decision-making in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 5:321-327. [PMID: 33422560 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based detection of prostate cancer (PCa) often leads to negative biopsy results or detection of clinically insignificant PCa, more frequently in the PSA range of 2-10 ng/ml, in men with increased prostate volume and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the accuracy of Proclarix, a novel blood-based diagnostic test, to help in biopsy decision-making in this challenging patient population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Ten clinical sites prospectively enrolled 457 men presenting for prostate biopsy with PSA between 2 and 10 ng/ml, normal DRE, and prostate volume ≥35 cm3. Transrectal ultrasound-guided and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided biopsy techniques were allowed. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Serum samples were tested blindly at the end of the study. Diagnostic performance of Proclarix risk score was established in correlation to systematic biopsy outcome and its performance compared with %free PSA (%fPSA) and the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculator (RC) as well as Proclarix density compared with PSA density in men undergoing mpMRI. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The sensitivity of Proclarix risk score for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) defined as grade group (GG) ≥2 was 91% (n = 362), with higher specificity than both %fPSA (22% vs 14%; difference = 8% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.6-14%], p = 0.005) and RC (22% vs 15%; difference = 7% [95% CI, 0.7-12%], p = 0.028). In the subset of men undergoing mpMRI-fusion biopsy (n = 121), the specificity of Proclarix risk score was significantly higher than PSA density (26% vs 8%; difference = 18% [95% CI, 7-28%], p < 0.001), and at equal sensitivity of 97%, Proclarix density had an even higher specificity of 33% [95% CI, 23-43%]. CONCLUSIONS In a routine use setting, Proclarix accurately discriminated csPCa from no or insignificant PCa in the most challenging patients. Proclarix represents a valuable rule-out test in the diagnostic algorithm for PCa, alone or in combination with mpMRI. PATIENT SUMMARY Proclarix is a novel blood-based test with the potential to accurately rule out clinically significant prostate cancer, and therefore to reduce the number of unneeded biopsies.
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Xing D, Fadare O. Molecular events in the pathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:50-61. [PMID: 33032902 PMCID: PMC7749059 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), which constitute over 90% of vulvar malignancies in adults, are classifiable into 2 subgroups that are mostly clinicopathologically distinct, a classification that is fundamentally based whether or not the tumors are HPV-mediated. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the understanding of molecular events in the pathogenesis of VSCC, including common and targetable mutations, copy number alterations, epigenetics, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immune microenvironment, which may provide insight into the future management of the disease. These events show substantial differences between the 2 subgroups, although significant areas of overlap exist. Recurrent, driver mutations appear to be substantially more prevalent in HPV(-) VSCC. TP53 mutations are the most common somatic mutations in VSCC overall, and are notably predominant in the HPV(-) VSCC, where 30-88% show a mutation. TP53 mutations are associated with worse patient outcomes, and co-mutations between TP53 and either HRAS, PIK3CA or CDKN2A appear to define subsets with even worse outcomes. A wide variety of other somatic mutations have been identified, including a subset with different mutational frequencies between HPV(+) and HPV(-) VSCC. CDKN2A mutations are common, and have been identified in 21 to 55% of HPV(-) VSCC, and in 2 to 25% of HPV(+) VSCC. Hypermethylation of CDKN2A is the most frequently reported epigenetic alteration in VSCC and the expression of some microRNAs may be associated with patient outcomes. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly altered in HPV(+) VSCC, and is accordingly potentially targetable. HPV-positivity/p16 block expression by immunohistochemistry has been found to be an independent prognostic marker for improved survival in VSCC, and may have some predictive value in VSCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. 22-39.3% and 68% of VSCC show EGFR amplification and protein overexpression respectively, although the prognostic and predictive value of an EGFR alteration requires additional study. Recurrent chromosomal gains in VSCCs have been found at 1q, 2q, 3q, 4p, 5p, 7p, 8p, 8q, and 12q, and there may be differential patterns of alterations depending on HPV-status. At least one-third of VSCC patients may potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, based on a high frequency of PD-L1 expression or amplification, or a high tumor mutational burden. Additional studies are ultimately required to better understand the global landscape of genetic and epigenetic alterations in VSCC, and to identify and test potential targets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Xing
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Mo M, Hu X, He W, Zu X, Wang L, Li Y. Identification of key genes and microRNA regulatory network in development and progression of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:438-447. [PMID: 33532331 PMCID: PMC7844517 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer as other cancers contains multiple dynamic alterations in progression. Theoretically, large number of genes participates in cancer progression. In the present study, the interconnections of genesets defined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and tumor histopathological stages were characterized. In addition, the outcomes with genesets were discussed in bladder cancer. Methods Transcriptome data from 411 tissues of urothelial bladder carcinoma and 19 samples from adjacent tissues were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), cluster analysis of geneset enrichment scores and genesets as indicators in prognosis were applied to elucidate the correlations between genesets and bladder cancer progression. Results Chemical and genetic perturbations (CGP), canonical pathways (CP), CP:BIOCARTA (BioCarta gene sets), CP:KEGG (KEGG gene sets) and CP:REACTOME (Reactome gene sets) in C2 collection, upstream cis-regulatory motifs serum response factor (SRF) in C3 collection, KRAS in C6 collection and C8+ T cells in C7 collection were observed as enriched by ssGSEA. The cluster 2 identified from cluster analysis shows a more immune active microenvironment which tended to increase in stage II and decreased in stage IV indicating the crucial role in bladder cancer progression. miR-450, miR-518s, transcription factor PAX3, KRAS and PTEN were potential markers for outcomes of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Activating tumor immune microenvironment had deteriorated prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that activating tumor immune microenvironment is a negative factor for outcomes of urothelial bladder carcinoma. These data provided a potential combination strategy for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Mo
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiheng Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangle Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pten-NOLC1 fusion promotes cancers involving MET and EGFR signalings. Oncogene 2020; 40:1064-1076. [PMID: 33323972 PMCID: PMC7880894 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of Pten gene through deletions and mutations leading to excessive pro-growth signaling pathway activations frequently occurs in cancers. Here, we report a Pten derived pro-cancer growth gene fusion Pten-NOLC1 originated from a chr10 genome rearrangement and identified through a transcriptome sequencing analysis of human cancers. Pten-NOLC1 fusion is present in primary human cancer samples and cancer cell lines from different organs. The product of Pten-NOLC1 is a nuclear protein that interacts and activates promoters of EGFR, c-MET, and their signaling molecules. Pten-NOLC1 promotes cancer proliferation, growth, invasion, and metastasis, and reduces the survival of animals xenografted with Pten-NOLC1-expressing cancer cells. Genomic disruption of Pten-NOLC1 induces cancer cell death, while genomic integration of this fusion gene into the liver coupled with somatic Pten deletion produces spontaneous liver cancers in mice. Our studies indicate that Pten-NOLC1 gene fusion is a driver for human cancers.
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Zhen L, Zhao Q, Lü J, Deng S, Xu Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Fan H, Chen X, Liu Z, Gu Y, Yu Z. miR-301a-PTEN-AKT Signaling Induces Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Promotes Cardiac Repair Post-MI. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:251-262. [PMID: 33230431 PMCID: PMC7515978 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adult hearts are hard to recover after cardiac injury due to the limited proliferative ability of cardiomyocytes. Emerging evidence indicates the induction of cell cycle reentry of cardiomyocytes by special treatment or stimulation, which offers adult heart regenerative potential. Herein, a microRNA (miRNA) screening in cardiomyocytes identified miR-301a enriched specially in the neonatal cardiomyocytes from rats and mice. Overexpression of miR-301a in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells induced G1/S transition of the cell cycle, promoted cellular proliferation, and protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-mediated cardiac delivery of miR-301a to the mice model with myocardial infarction (MI) dramatically promoted cardiac repair post-MI in vivo. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway was confirmed to mediate miR-301a-induced cell proliferation in cardiomyocytes. Loss of function of PTEN mimicked the miR-301a-induced phenotype, while gain of function of PTEN attenuated the miR-301a-induced cell proliferation in cardiomyocytes. Application of RG7440, a small molecule inhibitor of AKT, blocked the function of miR-301a in cardiomyocytes. The current study revealed a miRNA signaling in inducing the cell cycle reentry of cardiomyocytes in the injured heart, and it demonstrated the miR-301a/PTEN/AKT signaling as a potential therapeutic target to reconstitute lost cardiomyocytes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinhui Lü
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
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Nunes-Souza E, Silveira ME, Mendes MC, Nagashima S, de Paula CBV, da Silva GGVC, Barbosa GS, Martins JB, de Noronha L, Lenzi L, Barbosa JRS, Donin RDF, de Moura JF, Custódio G, Machado-Souza C, Lalli E, de Figueiredo BC. From adrenarche to aging of adrenal zona reticularis: precocious female adrenopause onset. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1212-1220. [PMID: 33112833 PMCID: PMC7774755 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adaptive changes in DHEA and sulfated-DHEA (DHEAS) production from adrenal zona reticularis (ZR) have been observed in normal and pathological conditions. Here we used three different cohorts to assess timing differences in DHEAS blood level changes and characterize the relationship between early blood DHEAS reduction and cell number changes in women ZR. MATERIALS AND METHODS DHEAS plasma samples (n = 463) were analyzed in 166 healthy prepubertal girls before pubarche (<9 years) and 324 serum samples from 268 adult females (31.9-83.8 years) without conditions affecting steroidogenesis. Guided by DHEAS blood levels reduction rate, we selected the age range for ZR cell counting using DHEA/DHEAS and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), tumor suppressor and cell stress marker, immunostaining, and hematoxylin stained nuclei of 14 post-mortem adrenal glands. RESULTS We confirmed that overweight girls exhibited higher and earlier DHEAS levels and no difference was found compared with the average European and South American girls with a similar body mass index (BMI). Adrenopause onset threshold (AOT) defined as DHEAS blood levels <2040 nmol/L was identified in >35% of the females >40 years old and associated with significantly reduced ZR cell number (based on PTEN and hematoxylin signals). ZR cell loss may in part account for lower DHEA/DHEAS expression, but most cells remain alive with lower DHEA/DHEAS biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The timely relation between significant reduction of blood DHEAS levels and decreased ZR cell number at the beginning of the 40s suggests that adrenopause is an additional burden for a significant number of middle-aged women, and may become an emergent problem associated with further sex steroids reduction during the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Nunes-Souza
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mônica Evelise Silveira
- Laboratório Central de Análises Clínicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Castilho Mendes
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Guilherme Vieira Cavalcante da Silva
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Silva Barbosa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Julia Belgrowicz Martins
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luana Lenzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Renato Sales Barbosa
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Danilow Fachin Donin
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Moura
- Pós Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Custódio
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Análises Clínicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Bonald Cavalcante de Figueiredo
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to B C de Figueiredo:
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Saikia M, Paul S, Chakraborty S. Role of microRNA in forming breast carcinoma. Life Sci 2020; 259:118256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Colapietro A, Yang P, Rossetti A, Mancini A, Vitale F, Martellucci S, Conway TL, Chakraborty S, Marampon F, Mattei V, Gravina GL, Biordi AL, Wei D, Newman RA, Festuccia C. The Botanical Drug PBI-05204, a Supercritical CO 2 Extract of Nerium Oleander, Inhibits Growth of Human Glioblastoma, Reduces Akt/mTOR Activities, and Modulates GSC Cell-Renewal Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:552428. [PMID: 33013390 PMCID: PMC7516200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.552428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary glial tumor resulting in very low patient survival despite current extensive therapeutic efforts. Emerging evidence suggests that more effective treatments are required to overcome tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance and a complex tumor-supporting microenvironment. PBI-05204 is a specifically formulated botanical drug consisting of a modified supercritical C02 extract of Nerium oleander that has undergone both phase I and phase II clinical trials in the United States for treatment of patients with a variety of advanced cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of this botanical drug against glioblastoma using both in vitro and in vivo cancer models as well as exploring efficacy against glioblastoma stem cells. All three human GBM cell lines, U87MG, U251, and T98G, were inhibited by PBI-05204 in a concentration dependent manner that was characterized by induction of apoptosis as evidenced by increased ANNEXIN V staining and caspase activities. The expression of proteins associated with both Akt and mTOR pathway was suppressed by PBI-05240 in all treated human GBM cell lines. PBI-05204 significantly suppressed U87 spheroid formation and the expression of important stem cell markers such as SOX2, CD44, and CXCR4. Oral administration of PBI-05204 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of U87MG, U251, and T98G xenograft growth. Additionally, PBI-05204–treated mice carrying U87-Luc cells as an orthotropic model exhibited significantly delayed onset of tumor proliferation and significantly increased overall survival. Immunohistochemical staining of xenograft derived tumor sections revealed dose-dependent declines in expression of Ki67 and CD31 positive stained cells but increased TUNEL staining. PBI-05204 represents a novel therapeutic botanical drug approach for treatment of glioblastoma as demonstrated by significant responses with in vivo tumor models. Both in vitro cell culture and immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissue suggest drug induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of PI3k/mTOR pathways as well as cancer stemness. Given the fact that PBI-05204 has already been examined in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, its efficacy when combined with standard of care chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be explored in future clinical trials of this difficult to treat brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colapietro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alessandra Rossetti
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Flora Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, University Hub "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy
| | - Tara L Conway
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Assunta Leda Biordi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20538-20548. [PMID: 32788364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002964117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) levels are frequently found reduced in human cancers, but how PTEN is down-regulated is not fully understood. In addition, although a compelling connection exists between PRL (phosphatase of regenerating liver) 2 and cancer, how this phosphatase induces oncogenesis has been an enigma. Here, we discovered that PRL2 ablation inhibits PTEN heterozygosity-induced tumorigenesis. PRL2 deficiency elevates PTEN and attenuates AKT signaling, leading to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumors. We also found that high PRL2 expression is correlated with low PTEN level with reduced overall patient survival. Mechanistically, we identified PTEN as a putative PRL2 substrate and demonstrated that PRL2 down-regulates PTEN by dephosphorylating PTEN at Y336, thereby augmenting NEDD4-mediated PTEN ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Given the strong cancer susceptibility to subtle reductions in PTEN, the ability of PRL2 to down-regulate PTEN provides a biochemical basis for its oncogenic propensity. The results also suggest that pharmacological targeting of PRL2 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to restore PTEN, thereby obliterating PTEN deficiency-induced malignancies.
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In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma-What Can We Learn for Human Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144993. [PMID: 32679791 PMCID: PMC7404171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary liver tumors. They emerge from different hepatic (progenitor) cell populations, typically via sporadic mutations. Chronic biliary inflammation, as seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), may trigger CCA development. Although several efforts were made in the last decade to better understand the complex processes of biliary carcinogenesis, it was only recently that new therapeutic advances have been achieved. Animal models are a crucial bridge between in vitro findings on molecular or genetic alterations, pathophysiological understanding, and new therapeutic strategies for the clinic. Nevertheless, it is inherently difficult to recapitulate simultaneously the stromal microenvironment (e.g., immune-competent cells, cholestasis, inflammation, PSC-like changes, fibrosis) and the tumor biology (e.g., mutational burden, local growth, and metastatic spread) in an animal model, so that it would reflect the full clinical reality of CCA. In this review, we highlight available data on animal models for CCA. We discuss if and how these models reflect human disease and whether they can serve as a tool for understanding the pathogenesis, or for predicting a treatment response in patients. In addition, open issues for future developments will be discussed.
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Pham DDM, Guhan S, Tsao H. KIT and Melanoma: Biological Insights and Clinical Implications. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:562-571. [PMID: 32608199 PMCID: PMC7329741 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.7.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, originating from epidermal melanocytes, is a heterogeneous disease that has the highest mortality rate among all types of skin cancers. Numerous studies have revealed the cause of this cancer as related to various somatic driver mutations, including alterations in KIT-a proto-oncogene encoding for a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Although accounting for only 3% of all melanomas, mutations in c-KIT are mostly derived from acral, mucosal, and chronically sun-damaged melanomas. As an important factor for cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, inhibition of c-KIT has been exploited for clinical trials in advanced melanoma. Here, apart from the molecular background of c-KIT and its cellular functions, we will review the wide distribution of alterations in KIT with a catalogue of more than 40 mutations reported in various articles and case studies. Additionally, we will summarize the association of KIT mutations with clinicopathologic features (age, sex, melanoma subtypes, anatomic location, etc.), and the differences of mutation rate among subgroups. Finally, several therapeutic trials of c-KIT inhibitors, including imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and sunitinib, will be analyzed for their success rates and limitations in advanced melanoma treatment. These not only emphasize c-KIT as an attractive target for personalized melanoma therapy but also propose the requirement for additional investigational studies to develop novel therapeutic trials co-targeting c-KIT and other cytokines such as members of signaling pathways and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Daniel M Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Hensin Tsao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1377-1397. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFrom the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.
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Dai H, Li M, Yang W, Sun X, Wang P, Wang X, Su J, Wang X, Hu X, Zhao M. Resveratrol inhibits the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via MARCH1-induced regulation of PTEN/AKT signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11717-11731. [PMID: 32530437 PMCID: PMC7343503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a common, naturally occurring polyphenol confirmed with inhibited the cellular effects of carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying resveratrol’s action against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. In addition, MARCH1 promotes the initiation and progression of HCC, but it is unclear whether resveratrol exerts antitumor efforts by regulating MARCH1 expression. This study determined the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of resveratrol in HCC. Resveratrol induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). In addition, it inhibited MARCH1 and phospho–protein kinase B (p-AKT) expression but upregulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) dose-dependently both in vitro and in vivo. MARCH1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) also increased PTEN expression. Meanwhile, MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor) and bisperoxovanadium (BPV; a PTEN inhibitor) combined with resveratrol decreased MARCH1 expression more than the single-treatment HCC group. These results suggested that resveratrol affects the biological characteristics of HCC via downregulation of MARCH1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Dai
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minjing Li
- Department of Chinese medicine prescription, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiucui Sun
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
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Wu J, Cang S, Liu C, Ochiai W, Chiao JW. Development of human prostate cancer stem cells involves epigenomic alteration and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32537260 PMCID: PMC7288500 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human prostate cancer spheres endowed with stem cell properties have been obtained from androgen-dependent cell line LNCaP after exposure to an epigenomic modulator phenethyl isothiocynate (PEITC). Sphere cells can self-renew and grow with androgen, and also without androgen. Little is known about the signaling pathway and mechanism in the development of the stem cells in the spheres. Methods Expression of phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway members and histone acetylation were quantified in the tumor spheres and LNCaP cells by western immunoblotting. Results The level of phosphorylated AKT was significantly increased in the sphere stem cells than the LNCaP cells at an average of 7.4 folds (range 5.8–10.7 folds), whereas the P27 level was elevated 5.4 folds (range 4.8–6.3 folds) (P < 0.05). The acetylation level on histone H3 lysine 9 was decreased. Conclusions PEITC appears to regulate the epigenome through histone acetylation and activate the PI3K/AKT pathway in the LNCaP cells. This mechanism may be responsible in part for the development of the prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, The Henan Province Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | | | - Whitman Ochiai
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Jen Wei Chiao
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
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Bonaccorso P, Bugarin C, Buracchi C, Fazio G, Biondi A, Lo Nigro L, Gaipa G. Single‐cell profiling of pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Impact of
PTEN
exon 7 mutation on
PI3K
/
Akt
and
JAK–STAT
signaling pathways. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 98:491-503. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonaccorso
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
- Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Azienda Policlinico‐OVE, University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Chiara Buracchi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
- Pediatric Clinic University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo Monza Italy
| | - Luca Lo Nigro
- Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Azienda Policlinico‐OVE, University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
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75
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Tumkur Sitaram R, Landström M, Roos G, Ljungberg B. Significance of PI3K signalling pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma in relation to VHL and HIF status. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:216-222. [PMID: 32467322 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) includes diverse tumour types characterised by various genetic abnormalities. The genetic changes, like mutations, deletions and epigenetic alterations, play a crucial role in the modification of signalling networks, tumour pathogenesis and prognosis. The most prevalent RCC type, clear cell RCC (ccRCC), is asymptomatic in the early stages and has a poorer prognosis compared with the papillary and the chromophobe types RCCs. Generally, ccRCC is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), the signature of most sporadic ccRCC, promote multiple growth factors. Hence, VHL/HIF and a variety of pathways, including phosphatase and TEnsin homolog on chromosome 10/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, are closely connected and contribute to the ontogeny of ccRCC. In the recent decade, multiple targeting agents have been developed based on blocking major signalling pathways directly or indirectly involved in ccRCC tumour progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and survival. However, most of these drugs have limitations; either metastatic ccRCC develops resistance to these agents, or despite blocking receptors, tumour cells use alternate signalling pathways. This review compiles the state of knowledge about the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway confined to ccRCC and its cross-talks with VHL/HIF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprakash Tumkur Sitaram
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Preoperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå Universitet, Umea, Västerbotten, Sweden
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76
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Rossi G, Russo A, Tagliamento M, Tuzi A, Nigro O, Vallome G, Sini C, Grassi M, Dal Bello MG, Coco S, Longo L, Zullo L, Tanda ET, Dellepiane C, Pronzato P, Genova C. Precision Medicine for NSCLC in the Era of Immunotherapy: New Biomarkers to Select the Most Suitable Treatment or the Most Suitable Patient. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1125. [PMID: 32365882 PMCID: PMC7281184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the evolution of treatments has made it possible to significantly improve the outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, while molecular targeted therapies are effective in specific patient sub-groups, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly influenced the outcomes of a large proportion of NSCLC patients. While nivolumab activity was initially assessed irrespective of predictive biomarkers, subsequent pivotal studies involving other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in pre-treated advanced NSCLC (atezolizumab within the OAK study and pembrolizumab in the Keynote 010 study) reported the first correlations between clinical outcomes and PD-L1 expression. However, PD-L1 could not be sufficient on its own to select patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Many studies have tried to discover more precise markers that are derived from tumor tissue or from peripheral blood. This review aims to analyze any characteristics of the immunogram that could be used as a predictive biomarker for response to ICIs. Furthermore, we describe the most important genetic alteration that might predict the activity of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Rossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandro Tuzi
- UO Oncologia, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.T.); (O.N.)
| | - Olga Nigro
- UO Oncologia, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.T.); (O.N.)
| | - Giacomo Vallome
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudio Sini
- Oncologia Medica e CPDO, ASSL di Olbia-ATS Sardegna, 07026 Olbia, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Grassi
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Enrica Teresa Tanda
- Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pronzato
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.T.); (G.V.); (M.G.); (M.G.D.B.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (C.D.); (P.P.); (C.G.)
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Multi-model functionalization of disease-associated PTEN missense mutations identifies multiple molecular mechanisms underlying protein dysfunction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2073. [PMID: 32350270 PMCID: PMC7190743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional variomics provides the foundation for personalized medicine by linking genetic variation to disease expression, outcome and treatment, yet its utility is dependent on appropriate assays to evaluate mutation impact on protein function. To fully assess the effects of 106 missense and nonsense variants of PTEN associated with autism spectrum disorder, somatic cancer and PTEN hamartoma syndrome (PHTS), we take a deep phenotypic profiling approach using 18 assays in 5 model systems spanning diverse cellular environments ranging from molecular function to neuronal morphogenesis and behavior. Variants inducing instability occur across the protein, resulting in partial-to-complete loss-of-function (LoF), which is well correlated across models. However, assays are selectively sensitive to variants located in substrate binding and catalytic domains, which exhibit complete LoF or dominant negativity independent of effects on stability. Our results indicate that full characterization of variant impact requires assays sensitive to instability and a range of protein functions. Mutations in PTEN have been associated with various human disease, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancer. Here, the authors assess the function of 106 PTEN variants in yeast, invertebrate models and cell culture and report that PTEN variants generally decrease protein stability.
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78
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Wan ML, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Deng B, Zhu BS, Cao T, Li YK, Xiao J, Han Q, Wu Q. Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a multifactorial disease and its causal correlations with multiple signaling pathways. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200265. [PMID: 32149326 PMCID: PMC7087324 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among men worldwide. CRC is a multifactor digestive pathology, which is a huge problem faced not only by clinicians but also by researchers. Importantly, a unique feature of CRC is the dysregulation of molecular signaling pathways. To date, a series of reviews have indicated that different signaling pathways are disordered and have potential as therapeutic targets in CRC. Nevertheless, an overview of the function and interaction of multiple signaling pathways in CRC is needed. Therefore, we summarized the pathways, biological functions and important interactions involved in CRC. First, we investigated the involvement of signaling pathways, including Wnt, PI3K/Akt, Hedgehog, ErbB, RHOA, Notch, BMP, Hippo, AMPK, NF-κB, MAPK and JNK. Subsequently, we discussed the biological function of these pathways in pathophysiological aspects of CRC, such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Finally, we summarized important interactions among these pathways in CRC. We believe that the interaction of these pathways could provide new strategies for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-lin Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bi-sheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
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79
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Yu W, Chen PB, Chen FC, Ding SL, Pan XY. MicroRNA-744 promotes proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2276-2282. [PMID: 32186762 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Previous studies have reported that aberrant expression of miR‑744 may be involved in human osteosarcoma; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the expression levels of miR‑744 and its downstream signals were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine assay, and the target of miR‑744 was investigated using a dual‑luciferase activity assay. The present study identified a significant upregulation of miR‑744 in osteosarcoma tissues compared with adjacent non‑tumor tissues. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of miR‑744 induced by a miR‑744 precursor significantly enhanced proliferation of the osteosarcoma cell line MG63, whereas opposite results were observed following suppression of miR‑744 with its inhibitor. Moreover, as a unique anti‑oncogene, PTEN was identified as a direct target of miR‑744. It was confirmed that miR‑744 downregulated PTEN expression in MG63 cells by targeting the PTEN 3'untranslated region, and that the downstream AKT signal was also regulated by miR‑744. Collectively, the present results suggested that miR‑744 promoted proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by directly regulating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Long Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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81
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Tan AC. Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:511-518. [PMID: 31989769 PMCID: PMC7049515 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional classification of lung cancer into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed with the increased understanding of the molecular alterations and genomic biomarkers that drive the development of lung cancer. Increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway leads to numerous hallmarks of cancer and this pathway represents an attractive target for novel anticancer therapies. In NSCLC, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been heavily implicated in both tumorigenesis and the progression of disease. A number of specific inhibitors of PI3K, Akt and mTOR are currently under development and in various stages of preclinical investigation and in early phase clinical trials for NSCLC. Early evidence has yielded disappointing results. Clinical trials, however, have been performed on predominantly molecularly unselected populations, and patient enrichment strategies using high-precision predictive biomarkers in future trials will increase the likelihood of success. A greater understanding of the underlying molecular biology including epigenetic alterations is also crucial to allow for the detection of appropriate biomarkers and guide combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Tan
- Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore
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82
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Li M, Peng J, Shi Y, Sun P. miR-92a promotes progesterone resistance in endometriosis through PTEN/AKT pathway. Life Sci 2020; 242:117190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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83
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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84
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Wen X, Klionsky DJ. At a glance: A history of autophagy and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:3-11. [PMID: 31707087 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of the lysosome and the definition of autophagy by Christian de Duve more than 60 years ago, research on autophagy, a process targeting cytoplasmic materials for lysosomal degradation and recycling, has expanded dramatically. This research has extended our understanding of the basic mechanism of autophagy as well as its role in pathophysiology. Autophagy deficiency has been reported to be involved in numerous diseases, among which cancer has been extensively studied, in part because autophagy appears to play a dual role, depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, we will briefly revisit the intriguing history of autophagy and cancer, underscoring the importance of harnessing this pathway for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Discovery and optimization of 5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one derivatives as mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen G, Park D, Magis AT, Behera M, Ramalingam SS, Owonikoko TK, Sica GL, Ye K, Zhang C, Chen Z, Curran WJ, Deng X. Mcl-1 Interacts with Akt to Promote Lung Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6126-6138. [PMID: 31662324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mcl-1 is a unique antiapoptotic Bcl2 family protein that functions as a gatekeeper in manipulating apoptosis and survival in cancer cells. Akt is an oncogenic kinase that regulates multiple cellular functions and its activity is significantly elevated in human cancers. Here we discovered a cross-talk between Mcl-1 and Akt in promoting lung cancer cell growth. Depletion of endogenous Mcl-1 from human lung cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 or Mcl-1 shRNA significantly decreased Akt activity, leading to suppression of lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in xenografts. Mechanistically, Mcl-1 directly interacted via its PEST domain with Akt at the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. It is known that the interactions between the PH domain and kinase domain (KD) are important for maintaining Akt in an inactive state. The binding of Mcl-1/PH domain disrupted intramolecular PH/KD interactions to activate Akt. Intriguingly, Mcl-1 expression correlated with Akt activity in tumor tissues from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Using the Mcl-1-binding PH domain of Akt as a docking site, we identified a novel small molecule, PH-687, that directly targets the PH domain and disrupts Mcl-1/Akt binding, leading to suppression of Akt activity and growth inhibition of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. By targeting the Mcl-1/Akt interaction, this mechanism-driven agent provides a highly attractive strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that targeting Mcl-1/Akt interaction by employing small molecules such as PH-687 represents a potentially new and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Madhusmita Behera
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Walter J Curran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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87
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Atta IS. Study of the Association of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and p27 Expressions in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:109-116. [PMID: 31548921 PMCID: PMC6753695 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_54_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p27 are commonly mutated gene in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their association in development of EC has not been fully understood. The Aim of the Study: The aim is to clarify the association of PTEN and p27 in EC and their correlation with the histologic grade. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded 20 and 50 specimens representing EH and EC were collected, cut into 4 mm thick and stained with H&E stain for histopathological examination. All EC cases were graded according to the percentage of nonsquamous solid pattern into 3 grades. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were done using a rabbit polyclonal anti-PTEN antibody and a rabbit monoclonal anti-p27 antibody. Evaluation of reactivity was categorized: 1+ (weak) = less than 10%, 2+ (moderate) = 11 to 50% and 3+ (strong) = more than 50% tumor. t-test, one way ANOVA and chi-square test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Loss of PTEN was seen in 7/20 (35%) and 29/50 (58%) of EH and EC cases with significance (P =0.01824), opposite to 17/20 (85%) and 25/50 (50%) of p27 (P = 0.00334). Both antibodies showed significance in EH cases only (P = 0.00019). No correlation with the histological grade for both antibodies. Four major categories were formulated; PTEN+/p27+ (n = 2, 14, 10%, 28%), PTEN+/p27- (n = 5, 7; 25% and 14%), PTEN-/p27+ (n = 1, 11; 5%, 22%) PTEN-/p27- (n = 12, 18; 60%, 36%) cases of EH and EC, respectively with no significant difference obtained. Conclusion: Not all cases of PTEN negative EC showing p27 loss and vice versa. Despite many studies reacted with PTEN and p27 expression in EC, none of them is confirmatory to adjust the correlation between them in EC. So, more studies must be done to correlate between the degree of PTEN loss and p27 comprising all subtypes and grading of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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88
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Liu S, Jia J, Zhou H, Zhang C, Liu L, Liu J, Lu L, Li X, Kang Y, Lou Y, Cai Z, Ren Y, Kong X, Feng S. PTEN modulates neurites outgrowth and neuron apoptosis involving the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4059-4066. [PMID: 31702028 PMCID: PMC6797942 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the role of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the neurite outgrowth and apoptosis of cortical neurons. Cortical neurons were seeded on or adjacent to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The length, number and crossing behavior of the neurites were calculated. Immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL data were analyzed. Neurites treated with PTEN inhibitor exhibited significant enhancements in elongation, initiation and crossing abilities when they encountered chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in vitro. These effects disappeared when the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was blocked. Neurons exhibited significant enhancements in survival ability following PTEN inhibition. The present study demonstrated that PTEN inhibition can promote axonal elongation and initiation in cerebral cortical neurons, as well as the ability to cross the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan border. In addition, PTEN inhibition is useful for protecting the neuron from apoptosis. The PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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89
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Reagan M. CAUSES OF CANCER. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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90
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Raghu P, Joseph A, Krishnan H, Singh P, Saha S. Phosphoinositides: Regulators of Nervous System Function in Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:208. [PMID: 31507376 PMCID: PMC6716428 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, the seven phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol have emerged as regulators of key sub-cellular processes such as membrane transport, cytoskeletal function and plasma membrane signaling in eukaryotic cells. All of these processes are also present in the cells that constitute the nervous system of animals and in this setting too, these are likely to tune key aspects of cell biology in relation to the unique structure and function of neurons. Phosphoinositides metabolism and function are mediated by enzymes and proteins that are conserved in evolution, and analysis of knockouts of these in animal models implicate this signaling system in neural function. Most recently, with the advent of human genome analysis, mutations in genes encoding components of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway have been implicated in human diseases although the cell biological basis of disease phenotypes in many cases remains unclear. In this review we evaluate existing evidence for the involvement of phosphoinositide signaling in human nervous system diseases and discuss ways of enhancing our understanding of the role of this pathway in the human nervous system's function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padinjat Raghu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, Bengaluru, India
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91
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Yuan J, Su Z, Gu W, Shen X, Zhao Q, Shi L, Jin C, Wang X, Cong H, Ju S. MiR-19b and miR-20a suppress apoptosis, promote proliferation and induce tumorigenicity of multiple myeloma cells by targeting PTEN. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:279-289. [PMID: 30883341 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy that is often associated with osteolytic lesions, anemia and renal impairment. Deregulation of miRNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MM. It was found in our study that miR-19b and miR-20a as members of crucial oncogene miR-17-92 cluster were differentially expressed between patients with MM and normal controls by genechip microarray, and this result was further confirmed in sera of patients with MM by qRT-PCR. The functional effect of miR-19b/20a was analyzed and results showed that miR-19b/20a promoted cell proliferation and migration, inhibited cell apoptosis and altered cell cycle in MM cells. PTEN protein expression was reduced after transfection of miR-19b/20a, suggesting that PTEN was a direct target of miR-19b/20a. In addition, over-expression of miR-19b/20a reversed the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effect of PTEN in MM cells. Finally, our in vivo experiment demonstrated that lentivirus-mediated delivery of miR-20a promoted tumor growth in murine xenograft model of MM, which provide evidence that miR-20a inhibitor exerts therapeutic activity in preclinical models and supports a framework for the development of miR-19b/20a-based treatment strategies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Chunjing Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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92
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Ghanaatgar-Kasbi S, Amerizadeh F, Rahmani F, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Avan A. AMP-kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin reduces the proliferation and migration behavior of colorectal cancer cells by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1929-1936. [PMID: 31359579 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, despite extensive efforts in the identification of new treatment options. Hence, there is a need for the development of novel agents with therapeutic potential in treatment of CRC. Dorsomorphin has demonstrated antiproliferative activity against different malignancies. Here we have investigated the pharmaceutical potential of dorsomorphin in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell-culture models of CRC. The antiproliferative, antimigratory, apoptotic activity and effect of this agent on cell cycle was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively, while the expression of genes involved in Wnt/Pi3K pathways was assessed at mRNA and/or proteins by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot. Dorsomorphin inhibited CRC cell growth by modulating the cyclinD1, surviving and p-Akt. This agent was able to reduce the migratory behaviors of CRC cells, compared to control cells, through perturbation of E-cadherin. Also our data showed that dorsomorphin enhanced the percentage of the cells in sub-G1 and induced apoptosis in both late/early stages, as detected by annexin V. Also the regulatory effect of dorsomorphin on oxidant/antioxidant balance was assessed by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In particular, these data showed that dorsomorphin markedly increased the ROS production in CRC cells. Our finding demonstrated that dorsomorphin antagonizes cell growth and migration, through perturbation of Akt/mTOR/Wnt pathways in CRC, supporting further studies on the therapeutic potential of this novel anticancer agent in treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ghanaatgar-Kasbi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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93
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MiR-26a-5p enhances cells proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis resistance of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182192. [PMID: 31221815 PMCID: PMC6658817 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior alterations in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to a pivotal role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MiRNAs are closely involved in a variety of pathologic conditions. In the present study, we aimed to screen for the aberrant expression of miRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) to further identify the altered expression of miR-26a-5p in RA-FLS and to investigate the role of miR-26a-5p in RA. The altered expression of miR-26a-5p in RA-FLS was screened by microarray analysis and confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. The effect of miR-26a-5p on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion in RA-FLS were studied. The verification of miR-26a-5p target mRNA and downstream signaling pathway was elucidated by bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, and western blot. Expression of miR-26a-5p was higher in RA-FLS than in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from osteoarthritis patients and trauma patients. Overexpression of miR-26a-5p RA-FLS promoted cells proliferation, G1/S transition, cells invasion, and resisted apoptosis in RA-FLS, whereas it led to contrary effects when inhibiting the expression of miR-26a-5p. The 3′UTR of tensin homolog (PTEN) was directly targetted by miR-26a-5p and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway was observed when overexpression of miR-26a-5p. Our study suggested that miR-26a-5p has a complementary role in cells proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of RA-FLS, which may be attributed to its activation effect on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via targetting PTEN. MiR-26a-5p is likely to be a clinically helpful target for novel therapeutic strategies in RA.
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94
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Drucker A, Zhou C, Seevanayagam S, Weinberg L. Left atrial cavernous haemangioma presenting with cardiac tamponade in a patient with Cowden syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e229741. [PMID: 31289165 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowden syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder characterised by multiple non-cancerous, tumour-like growths called hamartomas. The syndrome is associated with the development of cancer of the breast, endometrium, kidneys, skin and rarely the brain. We report a rare case of symptomatic cardiac haemangioma in a patient with CS. A 54-year-old woman with CS presented with dyspnoea and orthopnoea in the setting of cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography revealed a large haemopericardium and tamponade physiology, secondary to a pericardial mass. The patient underwent urgent cardiopulmonary bypass with removal of the mass. Histopathology confirmed a benign cavernous haemangioma. We postulate that tumours involving the heart/pericardium may be an additional manifestation of CS. This case further highlights the necessity to consider pericardial/cardiac manifestations in patients with hamartomatous syndromes who present with cardiorespiratory symptoms, so that opportunistic investigation and treatment may be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Drucker
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siven Seevanayagam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence Weinberg
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Surgery and Anaesthesia Preoperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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95
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Predictive factors for the development of diabetes in cancer patients treated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:405-414. [PMID: 31250153 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapy using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors is used to treat cancer such as lymphoma. In animal studies, its use raised concern about alteration of glucose metabolism. To date, clinical data are inconclusive; therefore, we investigated the incidence and clinical manifestations of diabetes in cancer patients treated with PI3K inhibitors. METHODS In a retrospective review of diabetes-free patients with advanced solid tumors treated with PI3K inhibitor, we performed Cox regression to identify independent predictors for the development of diabetes. RESULTS Of 38 patients (mean age: 54.5 years, 23.7% female) having a mean duration of follow-up of 238.5 days who initiated PI3K inhibitors, 55.3% developed diabetes during treatment (mean 29.1 days); among these, 28.6% experienced remission of diabetes after discontinuing PI3K inhibitors (mean 72.1 days). Patients with incident diabetes had higher anti-hypertensive medication use, higher HbA1c levels and fasting glucose at baseline, and longer duration of PI3K inhibitor use (P = 0.024, P = 0.005, P = 0.008, and P = 0.023, respectively). Previous steroid use and lower baseline HbA1c level were significantly associated with development of diabetes (HR = 8.41, 95% CI 1.89-37.33; HR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.09-4.25, respectively). Patients whose diabetes remitted after discontinuing PI3K inhibitors were younger (P = 0.035) and had lower fasting glucose levels during PI3K inhibitor treatment (P = 0.001) compared to those non-remitters. CONCLUSIONS Previous steroid use and lower baseline HbA1c level may be important predictors for developing diabetes in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with PI3K inhibitors, warranting close observation and careful intervention.
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96
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Sun Z, Chen C, Su Y, Wang W, Yang S, Zhou Q, Wang G, Li Z, Song J, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Liu J. Regulatory mechanisms and clinical perspectives of circRNA in digestive system neoplasms. J Cancer 2019; 10:2885-2891. [PMID: 31281465 PMCID: PMC6590048 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new star, circular RNA (circRNA), is a class of noncoding RNA with a stable cyclic structure. Exonic circRNA mainly exists in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Intronic circRNAs (ciRNA) and exonic circRNAs with introns (EIciRNA) are found in the nucleus. Recent evidences showed the functional diversity of circRNAs, which could be microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with protein or translate into small peptide. Due to the change of human eating habits, digestive cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and it is prone to metastasis. Increasing studies have found a number of circRNAs using RNA sequencing technology and displayed double roles of circRNA in digestive cancer. In this review, we surveyed the biogenesis and regulation of circRNAs, discussed circRNA functions and clinical applications (especially circRNAs in exosome) in digestive cancers, which implied that circRNAs could be as potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yingfeng Su
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, The people's hospital of Dezhou, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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97
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Ueno Y, Enokizono T, Fukushima H, Ohto T, Imagawa K, Tanaka M, Sakai A, Suzuki H, Uehara T, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K, Takada H. A novel missense PTEN mutation identified in a patient with macrocephaly and developmental delay. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31149344 PMCID: PMC6531540 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays an important role in tumor suppression. A germline mutation in the PTEN gene induces not only PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, including Cowden syndrome, but also macrocephaly/autism syndrome. Here, we describe a boy with macrocephaly/autism syndrome harboring a novel missense heterozygous PTEN mutation, c.959T>C (p.Leu320Ser). Interestingly, a previously reported nonsense mutation resulting in p.Leu320X was found in Cowden syndrome patients. Our case may be suggestive of a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ueno
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Enokizono
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.,2Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Ohto
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.,2Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imagawa
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aiko Sakai
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- 3Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- 3Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- 3Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- 3Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.,2Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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98
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Therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer: Focus on phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sci 2019; 230:150-161. [PMID: 31125564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite novel technologies, colon cancer remains undiagnosed and 25% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer. Resistant to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major problems associated with treating colon cancer which creates the need to develop novel agents targeting towards newer targets. A phosphodiesterase is a group of isoenzyme, which, hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and thereby lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP leading to tumorigenic effects. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed increased PDE expression in different types of cancers including colon cancer. cAMP-specific PDE inhibitors increase intracellular cAMP that leads to activation of effector molecules-cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, exchange protein activated by cAMP and cAMP gated ion channels. These molecules regulate cellular responses and exert its anticancer role through different mechanisms including apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, upregulating tumor suppressor genes and suppressing oncogenes. On the other hand, cGMP specific PDE inhibitors exhibit anticancer effects through cGMP dependent protein kinase and cGMP dependent cation channels. Elevation in cGMP works through activation of caspases, suppression of Wnt/b-catenin pathway and TCF transcription leading to inhibition of CDK and survivin. These studies point out towards the fact that PDE inhibition is associated with anti-proliferative, anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic pathways involved in its anticancer effects in colon cancer. Thus, inhibition of PDE enzymes can be used as a novel approach to treat colon cancer. This review will focus on cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways leading to tumorigenesis and the use of PDE inhibitors in colon cancer.
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99
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Du S, Hu W, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Wen W, Xu M, Zhao P, Liu K. Long non-coding RNA MAGI2-AS3 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion via sponging microRNA-374a. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:269-277. [PMID: 30883342 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmei Du
- Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, China
- Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Individualized Diagnosis and Transformation of Breast Cancer, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, China
- Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | | | - Wei Wen
- Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, China
| | - Miao Xu
- The Seventh People’s Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255040, China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Individualized Diagnosis and Transformation of Breast Cancer, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, China
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, China
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Kim SS, Eun JW, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Seo CW, Lee GH, Yoon SY, Noh CK, Cho SW, Cheong JY. Effect of PTEN Polymorphism on the Development of Hepatitis B Virus-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17998/jlc.19.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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