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Abstract
Salivary gland myoepithelial cells regulate salivary secretion and have been implicated in the histological diversity of salivary gland tumors. However, isolation of myoepithelial cells has been difficult owing to a lack of detailed functional analysis and cell surface markers. Therefore, we aimed to isolate myoepithelial cells from adult mouse submandibular glands using the epithelial marker EpCAM and cell adhesion factor CD49f as indicators and characterize them via sphere-forming culture. Functional analysis of specific gene expression in myoepithelial cells is possible via cell transfection experiments using the piggyBac transposon vector system. Here, we describe detailed methods and tips for the isolation and functional analysis of myoepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Seya Kang
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rino Tokumasu
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abbas A, Ashraf M, Ahmad H, Ghachem K, Ullah Z, Hussanan A, Labidi T, Kolsi L. Computational analysis of Darcy-Forchheimer relation, reduced gravity, and external applied magnetic field influence on radiative fluid flow and heat transfer past a sphere: Finite difference method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15696. [PMID: 37180908 PMCID: PMC10172755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of radiation, Darcy-Forchheimer relation, and reduced gravity, effects on magnetohydrodynamic flow across a solid sphere immersed in porous material, is the focus of the current work. Coupled and nonlinear partial differential governing equations, are established to model the studied configuration. By using appropriate scaling variables, the resultant set of governing equations is converted to its dimensionless form. Based on these established equations, a numerical algorithm is written based on the finite element approach to solve the considered problem. A verification of the validity of the proposed model is done by comparing with already published results. Furthermore, to check the precision of solutions, a grid independence test has been accomplished. The unknown variables, such as fluid velocity and temperature, and their gradients are evaluated. This investigation's main objective is to demonstrate how the Darcy-Forchheimer law and reduced gravity due to density difference affect the natural convective heat transfer across a solid sphere immersed in a porous medium. Results show that the flow intensity decreases with the magnetic field parameter, local inertial coefficient, Prandtl number, and porosity parameter and becomes more important by increasing the reduced gravity and radiation parameters. In addition, the temperature increases with the inertial coefficient, porosity parameter, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, and magnetic field parameter and get declined with the reduced gravity parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Sub-Campus, Mandi Bahauddin, 50400, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, School of Quantitative Sciences, University of Utara, Malaysia
| | - Kaouther Ghachem
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Systems, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ullah
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Sargodha-Campus, The University of Lahore, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussanan
- Department of Mathematics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Taher Labidi
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 151,Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lioua Kolsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Metrology and Energy Systems, Department of Energy Engineering, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia.
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Shen X, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Di G, Qiu Y, Yin D. Novel sphere-like copper bismuth oxide fabricated via ethylene glycol-introduced solvothermal method with improved adsorptive and photocatalytic performance in sulfamethazine removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:47159-47173. [PMID: 35178629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, ethylene glycol-introduced solvothermal method was employed to fabricate a novel sphere-like CuBi2O4 material to improve the adsorptive and photocatalytic performance of conventional CuBi2O4. A series of characterization has been applied to investigate properties of the obtained CuBi2O4 (CBO-EG3). Compared with conventional rod-like CuBi2O4 (CBO), the synthesized sphere-like CBO-EG3 exhibited rough surface, larger specific surface area, and more effective separation of photo-generated carriers, which overcome main shortcomings of CuBi2O4. The removal efficiency of typical antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMZ) reached almost 100% under the optimal experimental conditions. About 70% of SMZ could be adsorbed in 180-min dark reaction, with residual being photodegraded in 30 min. CBO-EG3 showed much higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure CBO, attributing to its highly effective photo-induced electron and hole separation. Meanwhile, substantial adsorption of pollutant on CBO-EG3 contributed vastly to removal of SMZ, photo-generated electrons and holes inclined to react with adsorbed SMZ directly, and photocatalytic process was mainly led by non-radical reaction. Elimination of SMZ in actual water samples and recycling experiment were also performed to evaluate CBO-EG3's practical application potential. This study delivered a method to promote CuBi2O4's adsorptive and photocatalytic ability, which could expand the application of CuBi2O4 in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guanglan Di
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Amiri F, Kiani AA, Bahadori M, Roudkenar MH. Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cell spheres with hematopoietic stem cells under hypoxia: a cost-effective method to maintain self-renewal and homing marker expression. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:931-941. [PMID: 34741711 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is considered a possible treatment option capable of curing various diseases. The aim of this study was the co-culturing of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheres with HSCs under hypoxic condition to enhance the proliferation, self-renewal, stemness, and homing capacities of HSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS HSCs were expanded after being subjected to different conditions including cytokines without feeder (Cyto), co-culturing with adherent MSCs (MSC), co-culturing with adherent MSCs + hypoxia (MSC + Hyp), co-culturing with MSCs spheres (Sph-MSC), co-culturing with MSCs spheres + hypoxia (Sph-MSC + Hyp), co-culturing with MSC spheres + cytokines (Sph-MSC + Cyto). After 10 days, total nucleated cell (TNC) and CD34+/CD38- cell counts, colony-forming unit assay (CFU), long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC), the expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), nucleostemin (NS), nuclear factor I/X (Nfix) CXCR4, and VLA-4 were evaluated. The TNC, CD34+/CD38- cell count, CFU, and LTC-IC were higher in the Sph-MSC + Hyp and Sph-MSC + Cyto groups as compared with those of the MSC + Hyp group (P < 0.001). The expanded HSCs co-cultured with MSC spheres in combination with hypoxia expressed more EPCR, CXCR4, VLA-4, NS, and Nfix mRNA. The protein expression was also more up-regulated in the Sph-MSC + Cyto and Sph-MSC + Hyp groups. CONCLUSION Co-culturing HSCs with MSC spheres under hypoxic condition not only leads to higher cellular yield but also increases the expression of self-renewal and homing genes. Therefore, we suggest this approach as a simple and non-expensive strategy that might improve the transplantation efficiency of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Kiani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Marzie Bahadori
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Burn and Regenerative Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Gomi F, Sasaki N, Shichi Y, Minami F, Shinji S, Toyoda M, Ishiwata T. Polyvinyl alcohol increased growth, migration, invasion, and sphere size in the PK-8 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06182. [PMID: 33598581 PMCID: PMC7868635 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer used in eye drops, embolization particles, and artificial cartilage. It has also been shown to cause expansion of functional multipotent self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells under serum-free conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of PVA on human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D-cultures with serum-free medium. In the 2D-culture, PVA-treatment induced an aggregated colony-like appearance in PDAC cells. It increased the growth of PK-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner as well as significantly increasing migration and invasion abilities. qRT-PCR showed an increase in α2 integrin and a decrease in matrix metalloprotease levels in PVA-treated PK-8 cells. Through qRT-PCR analysis, β1 integrin expression at the mRNA level was found to be decreased; however, it was unaltered at the protein level when assessed using FACS analysis. PVA further induced mesenchymal to epithelial transition-like alterations, including increased E-cadherin and decreased Vimentin and N-cadherin expression. Four cancer stem cell (CSC) markers were higher in PVA-treated PK-8 cells compared to controls. In 3D-culture, PVA-treated PK-8 cells showed a rod-like appearance with larger sphere size and higher growth ability. qRT-PCR showed that CSC markers did not increase and 2 of 4 drug transporters had decreased in PVA-treated PK-8 cells. These findings suggest that PVA increases the growth, migration, invasion, and sphere size of PK-8 cells, but does not increase the proportion of pancreatic CSCs under 3D-culture conditions with serum-free medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiya Gomi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shichi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Fuuka Minami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shinji
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.,Departments of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Hoshino H, Furuhashi H, Shimizu Y, Matsuyama Y. Deviation of the centre of rotation of the femoral head in dysplastic hip joints. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2020; 31:603-609. [PMID: 33079287 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hip instability may be based not only on some mismatch between the size of the femoral head and acetabulum but also on the deviation of the centre of rotation of the femoral head. The aim of this study was to compare the differences between the centre of rotation of the femoral head and that of the acetabulum in normal and dysplastic hips. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty dysplastic hips and 30 control hips without dysplastic hip were included in this study. Computed tomography data were imported into three-dimensional analysis software. The sphere radius of the acetabulum, the sphere radius of the femoral head, and the deviation of the centre of rotation of the femoral head from that of the acetabulum were analysed. RESULTS The sphere radii of the acetabulum and femoral head were significantly larger in dysplastic hips. Distances between the centre of rotation of the acetabulum and that of the femoral head were significantly larger in dysplastic group than in control group. The centre of rotation of the femoral head was significantly deviated anterosuperiorly in dysplastic hips. We found significant negative correlations between centre-edge angle and the distance between the centre of rotation of the acetabulum and that of the femoral head in all subjects. CONCLUSION In dysplastic hip joints, the centre of rotation of the femoral head was more deviated anterosuperiorly from that of the acetabulum than in normal hip joints even in static condition, which might be clinically associated with the micro-instability in dysplastic hips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Furuhashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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Li Y, Ismail S, McGhee JJ, Wadhwa H, Noord N, van der Werf B, Sherwin T. Differences in sphere-forming cells from keratoconic and normal corneal tissue: Implications for keratoconus pathogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 202:108301. [PMID: 33086037 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconus is primarily an anterior corneal disorder of unclear aetiology. Stem cells may play a role in the perpetuation of keratoconus, although this has yet to be definitively established. Sphere-forming cells from normal human donor corneas have previously been shown to be a heterogenous mix of epithelial, stromal, stem and progenitor cell components which have potential for treatment of corneal dystrophies. Our work set out to isolate and characterise sphere-forming cells from human keratoconic tissue. Keratoconic donor corneas were successfully used to culture sphere-forming cells in vitro. Time lapse imaging of these spheres on a collagen surface over 8 days revealed keratoconic spheres lack the ability to maintain a central core and have diminished ability to repopulate the surface. Immunocytochemistry showed positive labelling for the stem cell marker 'Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 (ABCB5)' indicating stem cell retention and the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin indicating wound repair while droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction confirmed an increase in expression of stem and stromal cell markers in keratoconic spheres compared to spheres cultured from normal donors at day 7 post-placement. Keratoconic sphere-forming cells showed a diminished repopulation ability, a faster wound healing response and lack of central core retention. These results suggest stem cells in keratoconus may be in an elevated state of wound repair and unable to respond appropriately to further injury in corneal maintenance. Sphere forming cell populations in keratoconus appear to be different to those isolated from normal corneas and this may be an important consideration in unearthing keratoconus aetiology.
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Wu J, Cang S, Liu C, Ochiai W, Chiao JW. Development of human prostate cancer stem cells involves epigenomic alteration and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32537260 PMCID: PMC7288500 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human prostate cancer spheres endowed with stem cell properties have been obtained from androgen-dependent cell line LNCaP after exposure to an epigenomic modulator phenethyl isothiocynate (PEITC). Sphere cells can self-renew and grow with androgen, and also without androgen. Little is known about the signaling pathway and mechanism in the development of the stem cells in the spheres. Methods Expression of phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway members and histone acetylation were quantified in the tumor spheres and LNCaP cells by western immunoblotting. Results The level of phosphorylated AKT was significantly increased in the sphere stem cells than the LNCaP cells at an average of 7.4 folds (range 5.8–10.7 folds), whereas the P27 level was elevated 5.4 folds (range 4.8–6.3 folds) (P < 0.05). The acetylation level on histone H3 lysine 9 was decreased. Conclusions PEITC appears to regulate the epigenome through histone acetylation and activate the PI3K/AKT pathway in the LNCaP cells. This mechanism may be responsible in part for the development of the prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, The Henan Province Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | | | - Whitman Ochiai
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Jen Wei Chiao
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
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Iwahashi S, Shimada M, Morine Y, Imura S, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Yamada S, Utsunomiya T. Effect of epigenetic modulation on cancer sphere. J Med Invest 2020; 67:70-74. [PMID: 32378621 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background : Cancer stem cell properties are highly relevant to the biology of treatment-resistant cancers. Epigenetic modification regulates gene expressions by chromatin remodeling during malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible strategy for cancer stem cells focusing on epigenetic modification. Methods : We made cancer sphere from HepG2 cells, and we added Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid to cancer sphere. And we compared methylation status and the gene expression between normal HepG2 and cancer sphere groups, and between cancer sphere and sphere with HDAC inhibitor treatment groups. Results : Valproic acid (VPA) cancelled this spheroid formation. In comparison between normal HepG2 and cancer sphere, the number of methylation status changes more than 0.1 of beta level was 826 probes, and we could isolate some epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes. And VPA reduced the expressions of EMT related genes in sphere with RT-PCR. On the other hand, in comparison between cancer sphere and sphere with VPA treatment, we detected 29 probe of methylation status change, and VPA reduced the expressions of Bcl-6 in sphere. Conclusions : HDAC inhibitor affected the methylation status of cancer stem cells. Histone-acetylation might overcome treatmet-resistant cancer through the regulation of cancer stem cell. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 70-74, February, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinihiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tohru Utsunomiya
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Lee JJ, Kim SK. Spheroid Culture of Human Pancreatic Ductal Cells to Reconstitute Development of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1882:63-71. [PMID: 30378044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8879-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) presents poor 5-year survival rate, mainly attributable to late diagnosis due to its asymptomatic nature. Therefore, building human cell-based systems that reconstitute hallmark features of the PDA precursors, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs), will accelerate development of new strategies for early diagnostics and intervention. We previously demonstrated that systematic introduction of genetic modification (KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53) leads to immortalization of primary human pancreatic cells and, upon orthotopic transplantation, their development to human PanIN-like lesions. Here, we describe detailed methods for fluorescence-activated cell sorting, lentiviral transduction, and three-dimensional spheroid culture of primary adult human pancreatic ductal cells, as well as a method for clonal selection of human pancreatic ductal spheres.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen/metabolism
- Adult
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/pathology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Flow Cytometry/instrumentation
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mutation
- Pancreatic Ducts/cytology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture/instrumentation
- Primary Cell Culture/methods
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Transduction, Genetic/instrumentation
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lee
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Abstract
We obtain formulae for the expected number and height distribution of critical points of smooth isotropic Gaussian random fields parameterized on Euclidean space or spheres of arbitrary dimension. The results hold in general in the sense that there are no restrictions on the covariance function of the field except for smoothness and isotropy. The results are based on a characterization of the distribution of the Hessian of the Gaussian field by means of the family of Gaussian orthogonally invariant (GOI) matrices, of which the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) is a special case. The obtained formulae depend on the covariance function only through a single parameter (Euclidean space) or two parameters (spheres), and include the special boundary case of random Laplacian eigenfunctions.
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Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Yoshimura H, Sasaki N, Ishiwata S, Ishikawa N, Takubo K, Arai T, Aida J. Pancreatic cancer stem cells: features and detection methods. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:797-805. [PMID: 29948612 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high incidence of distant metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are pluripotent, self-renewable, and capable of forming tumors, contribute to PDAC initiation and metastasis and are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Three types of experimental methods are commonly used to identify CSCs: CSC-specific marker detection, a sphere-formation assay that reveals cell proliferation under non-adherent conditions, and detection of side-population (SP) cells that possess high intracellular-to-extracellular pump functions. Several CSC-specific markers have been reported in PDACs, including CD133, CD24, CD44, CXCR4, EpCAM, ABCG2, c-Met, ALDH-1, and nestin. There remains controversy regarding which markers are specific to PDAC CSCs and which are expressed alone or in combination in CSCs. Examining characteristics of isolated CSCs and discovering CSC-specific treatment options are important to improve the prognosis of PDAC cases. This review summarizes CSC-detection methods for PDAC, including CSC-marker detection, the sphere-formation assay, and detection of SP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-0022, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishiwata
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ishikawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Background To retrospectively analyse strategies for adjusting refractive surgery plans with reference to the preoperative manifest refraction. Methods We constructed seven nomograms based on the refractive outcomes (sphere, cylinder, axis [SCA]) of 150 consecutive eyes treated with laser in situ keratomileusis for myopic astigmatism. We limited the initial data to the SCA of the manifest refraction. All nomograms were based on the strategy: if for x diopters (D) of attempted metric, y D is achieved; we can reverse this sentence and state for achieving y D of change in the metric, x D will be planned. The effects of the use of plus or minus astigmatism notation, spherical equivalent, sphere, principal meridians notation, cardinal and oblique astigmatism, and astigmatic axis were incorporated. Results All nomograms detected subtle differences in the spherical component (p < 0.0001). Nomograms 5 and 7 (using power vectors) and 6 (considering axis shifts) detected significant astigmatic differences (nomogram 5, p < 0.001; nomogram 6, p < 0.05; nomogram 7, p < 0.005 for cardinal astigmatism, p = 0.1 for oblique astigmatism). We observed mild clinically relevant differences (~ 0.5 D) in sphere or astigmatism among the nomograms; differences of ~ 0.25 D in the proposals for sphere or cylinder were not uncommon. All nomograms suggested minor improvements versus actual observed outcomes, with no clinically relevant differences among them. Conclusions All nomograms anticipated minor improvements versus actual observed outcomes without clinically relevant differences among them. The minimal uncertainties in determining the manifest refraction (~ 0.6 D) are the major limitation to improving the accuracy of refractive surgery nomograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Arba Mosquera
- 1Recognized Research Group in Optical Diagnostic Techniques, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Mainparkstr. 6-10, D-63801 Kleinostheim, Germany.,3Department of Ophthalmology and Sciences of Vision, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Shwetabh Verma
- SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Mainparkstr. 6-10, D-63801 Kleinostheim, Germany.,5Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,6Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,7Central Institute for Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Li J, Tsubokura M, Tsunoda M. Numerical Investigation of the Flow Past a Rotating Golf Ball and Its Comparison with a Rotating Smooth Sphere. Flow Turbul Combust 2017; 99:837-864. [PMID: 30069160 PMCID: PMC6044256 DOI: 10.1007/s10494-017-9859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large-eddy simulations are conducted for a rotating golf ball and a rotating smooth sphere at a constant rotational speed at the subcritical, critical and supercritical Reynolds numbers. A negative lift force is generated in the critical regime for both models, whereas positive lift forces are generated in the subcritical and supercritical regimes. Detailed analysis on the flow separations on different sides of the models reveals the mechanism of the negative Magnus effect. Further investigation of the unsteady aerodynamics reveals the effect of rotating motion on the development of lateral forces and wake flow structures. It is found that the rotating motion helps to stabilize the resultant lateral forces for both models especially in the supercritical regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808 Japan
| | - Makoto Tsubokura
- Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Computational Science, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Complex Phenomena Unified Simulation Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Masaya Tsunoda
- Research & Development HQ, Research Dept. 1, Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 651-0071 Japan
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15
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Gardemann J, Wilp T. [The Humanitarian Charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response are applicable in German refugee facilities]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:556-60. [PMID: 27067124 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent refugee migration into Germany the responsibilities and reactions of health authorities are still lacking general co-ordination. PROBLEM Can the ethical and technical standards of international humanitarian assistance serve as an appropriate and even a compulsory guideline for relief agencies, public health and regulatory authorities in Germany? METHODS Documents from the field of medical ethics, medical law, international humanitarian law and disaster medicine will be examined and checked for practicability by consulting experiences during the 1990s Balkan wars refugee movement and international missions of relief agencies. RESULTS Ethical and technical standards of international humanitarian assistance have been developed, improved and evaluated for 20 years, and are valuable tools for emergency management. CONCLUSIONS Victims of disaster or conflict have a right to live in dignity and therefore have a right to receive health care according to international standards. International ethical and technical standards for refugees should be considered in the Federal Republic of Germany like in any other country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Gardemann
- Fachhochschule Münster, Corrensstraße 25, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - Thomas Wilp
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Polen
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16
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Atsumi S, Nosaka C, Adachi H, Kimura T, Kobayashi Y, Takada H, Watanabe T, Ohba SI, Inoue H, Kawada M, Shibasaki M, Shibuya M. New anti-cancer chemicals Ertredin and its derivatives, regulate oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and suppress sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in EGFRvIII-transformed cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:496. [PMID: 27431653 PMCID: PMC4949881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFRvIII is a mutant form of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) that lacks exons 2-7. The resulting protein does not bind to ligands and is constitutively activated. The expression of EGFRvIII is likely confined to various types of cancer, particularly glioblastomas. Although an anti-EGFRvIII vaccine is of great interest, low-molecular-weight substances are needed to obtain better therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify low molecular weight substances that can suppress EGFRvIII-dependent transformation. METHODS We constructed a new throughput screening system and searched for substances that decreased cell survival of NIH3T3/EGFRvIII spheres under 3-dimensional (3D)-culture conditions, but retained normal NIH3T3 cell growth under 2D-culture conditions. In vivo activity was examined using a mouse transplantation model, and derivatives were chemically synthesized. Functional characterization of the candidate molecules was investigated using an EGFR kinase assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, microarray analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and measurement of lactate and ATP synthesis. RESULTS In the course of screening 30,000 substances, a reagent, "Ertredin" was found to inhibit anchorage-independent 3D growth of sphere-forming cells transfected with EGFRvIII cDNA. Ertredin also inhibited sphere formation in cells expressing wild-type EGFR in the presence of EGF. However, it did not affect anchorage-dependent 2D growth of parental NIH3T3 cells. The 3D-growth-inhibitory activity of some derivatives, including those with new structures, was similar to Ertredin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ertredin suppressed tumor growth in an allograft transplantation mouse model injected with EGFRvIII- or wild-type EGFR-expressing cells; a clear toxicity to host animals was not observed. Functional characterization of Ertredin in cells expressing EGFRvIII indicated that it stimulated EGFRvIII ubiquitination, suppressed both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis under 3D conditions, and promoted cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION We developed a high throughput screening method based on anchorage-independent sphere formation induced by EGFRvIII-dependent transformation. In the course of screening, we identified Ertredin, which inhibited anchorage-independent 3D growth and tumor formation in nude mice. Functional analysis suggests that Ertredin suppresses both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic glycolysis in addition to promoting EGFRvIII degradation, and stimulates apoptosis in sphere-forming, EGFRvIII-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Atsumi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chisato Nosaka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takada
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.,Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.,Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
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17
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Tirumani SH, Shinagare AB, O'Neill AC, Nishino M, Rosenthal MH, Ramaiya NH. Accuracy and feasibility of estimated tumour volumetry in primary gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours: validation using semiautomated technique in 127 patients. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:286-95. [PMID: 25991487 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate estimated tumour volumetry in primary gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) using semiautomated volumetry. METHODS In this IRB-approved retrospective study, we measured the three longest diameters in x, y, z axes on CTs of primary gastric GISTs in 127 consecutive patients (52 women, 75 men, mean age 61 years) at our institute between 2000 and 2013. Segmented volumes (Vsegmented) were obtained using commercial software by two radiologists. Estimate volumes (V1-V6) were obtained using formulae for spheres and ellipsoids. Intra- and interobserver agreement of Vsegmented and agreement of V1-6 with Vsegmented were analysed with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Median Vsegmented and V1-V6 were 75.9, 124.9, 111.6, 94.0, 94.4, 61.7 and 80.3 cm(3), respectively. There was strong intra- and interobserver agreement for Vsegmented. Agreement with Vsegmented was highest for V6 (scalene ellipsoid, x ≠ y ≠ z), with CCC of 0.96 [95 % CI 0.95-0.97]. Mean relative difference was smallest for V6 (0.6 %), while it was -19.1 % for V5, +14.5 % for V4, +17.9 % for V3, +32.6 % for V2 and +47 % for V1. CONCLUSION Ellipsoidal approximations of volume using three measured axes may be used to closely estimate Vsegmented when semiautomated techniques are unavailable. KEY POINTS Estimation of tumour volume in primary GIST using mathematical formulae is feasible. Gastric GISTs are rarely spherical. Segmented volumes are highly concordant with three axis-based scalene ellipsoid volumes. Ellipsoid volume can be used as an alternative for automated tumour volumetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Harsha Tirumani
- Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ailbhe C O'Neill
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mizuki Nishino
- Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael H Rosenthal
- Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikhil H Ramaiya
- Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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18
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Abstract
Any complex operation requires a system for management. In most societies, disaster management is the responsibility of the government. Coordination and control is a system that provides the oversight for all of the disaster management functions. The roles and responsibilities of a coordination and control centre include: (1) planning; (2) maintenance of inventories; (3) activation of the disaster response plan; (4) application of indicators of function; (5) surveillance; (6) information management; (7) coordination of activities of the BSFs; (8) decision-making; (9) priority setting; (10) defining overarching goal and objectives for interventions; (11) applying indicators of effectiveness; (12) applying indicators of benefit and impact; (13) exercising authority; (14) managing resources; (15) initiating actions; (16) preventing influx of unneeded resources; (17) defining progress; (18) providing information; (19) liasing with responding organisations; and (20) providing quality assurance. Coordination and control is impossible without communications. To accomplish coordination and control, three factors must be present: (1) mandate; (2) power and authority; and (3) available resources. Coordination and control is responsible for the evaluation of the effectiveness and benefits/impacts of all interventions. Coordination and control centres (CCCs) are organised hierarchically from the on-scene CCCs (incident command) to local provincial to national CCCs. Currently, no comprehensive regional and international CCCs have been universally endorsed. Systems such as the incident command system, the unified command system, and the hospital incident command system are described as are the humanitarian reform movement and the importance of coordination and control in disaster planning and preparedness.
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19
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Bartosh TJ, Ylöstalo JH, Bazhanov N, Kuhlman J, Prockop DJ. Dynamic compaction of human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells into spheres self-activates caspase-dependent IL1 signaling to enhance secretion of modulators of inflammation and immunity (PGE2, TSG6, and STC1). Stem Cells 2013; 31:2443-56. [PMID: 23922312 PMCID: PMC3834191 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells (MSC) are similar to some other stem/progenitor cells in that they compact into spheres when cultured in hanging drops or on nonadherent surfaces. Assembly of MSC into spheres alters many of their properties, including enhanced secretion of factors that mediate inflammatory and immune responses. Here we demonstrated that MSC spontaneously aggregated into sphere-like structures after injection into a subcutaneous air pouch or the peritoneum of mice. The structures were similar to MSC spheres formed in cultures demonstrated by the increased expression of genes for inflammation-modulating factors TSG6, STC1, and COX2, a key enzyme in production of PGE2. To identify the signaling pathways involved, hanging drop cultures were used to follow the time-dependent changes in the cells as they compacted into spheres. Among the genes upregulated were genes for the stress-activated signaling pathway for IL1α/β, and the contact-dependent signaling pathway for Notch. An inhibitor of caspases reduced the upregulation of IL1A/B expression, and inhibitors of IL1 signaling decreased production of PGE2, TSG6, and STC1. Also, inhibition of IL1A/B expression and secretion of PGE2 negated the anti-inflammatory effects of MSC spheres on stimulated macrophages. Experiments with γ-secretase inhibitors suggested that Notch signaling was also required for production of PGE2 but not TSG6 or STC1. The results indicated that assembly of MSC into spheres triggers caspase-dependent IL1 signaling and the secretion of modulators of inflammation and immunity. Similar aggregation in vivo may account for some of the effects observed with administration of the cells in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Bartosh
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502
| | - Joni H. Ylöstalo
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502
| | - Nikolay Bazhanov
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502
| | - Jessica Kuhlman
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502
| | - Darwin J. Prockop
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502
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