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Ma CT, Sergienko EA. New activity assays for ENPP1 with physiological substrates ATP and ADP. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1053:145-54. [PMID: 23860653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-562-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Existing assays monitoring ENPP1 activity are either not physiologically relevant or not suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, we describe the development and implementation of two new ENPP1 activity assays that address these drawbacks. These assays employ physiological substrates of ENPP1, ATP and ADP. They rely on detection of inorganic phosphate using a special modification of the malachite green-molybdate colorimetric procedure that ensures stability of acid-labile compounds, such as the ones containing phosphodiester bonds. The pyrophosphate generated in ENPP1 reaction is converted to inorganic phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphatase; whereas, omission of this coupling enzyme enables detection of the inorganic phosphate generated by ENPP1. These new ENPP1 assays were miniaturized into high-density microplate formats. With minimal requirement for ENPP1 enzyme, low micromolar phosphate detection sensitivity, and simple protocol involving three to four simple liquid handling steps, these robust assays are suitable for HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Ma
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Spatio-temporal analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on differential expression networks. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2268. [PMID: 23881262 PMCID: PMC3721080 DOI: 10.1038/srep02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T2DM is complex in its dynamical dependence on multiple tissues, disease states, and factors' interactions. However, most existing work devoted to characterizing its pathophysiology from one static tissue, individual factors, or single state. Here we perform a spatio-temporal analysis on T2DM by developing a new form of molecular network, i.e. 'differential expression network' (DEN), which can reflect phenotype differences at network level. Static DENs show that three tissues (white adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver) all suffer from severe inflammation and perturbed metabolism, among which metabolic functions are seriously affected in liver. Dynamical analysis on DENs reveals metabolic function changes in adipose and liver are consistent with insulin resistance (IR) deterioration. Close investigation on IR pathway identifies 'disease interactions', revealing that IR deterioration is earlier than that on SlC2A4 in adipose and muscle. Our analysis also provides evidence that rising of insulin secretion is the root cause of IR in diabetes.
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53
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Lupo PJ, Mitchell LE, Canfield MA, Shaw GM, Olshan AF, Finnell RH, Zhu H. Maternal-fetal metabolic gene-gene interactions and risk of neural tube defects. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:46-51. [PMID: 24332798 PMCID: PMC4394735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-gene analyses indicate that maternal genes associated with metabolic conditions (e.g., obesity) may influence the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, to our knowledge, there have been no assessments of maternal-fetal metabolic gene-gene interactions and NTDs. We investigated 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms among 7 maternal metabolic genes (ADRB3, ENPP1, FTO, LEP, PPARG, PPARGC1A, and TCF7L2) and 2 fetal metabolic genes (SLC2A2 and UCP2). Samples were obtained from 737 NTD case-parent triads included in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study for birth years 1999-2007. We used a 2-step approach to evaluate maternal-fetal gene-gene interactions. First, a case-only approach was applied to screen all potential maternal and fetal interactions (n = 76), as this design provides greater power in the assessment of gene-gene interactions compared to other approaches. Specifically, ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each maternal-fetal gene-gene interaction, assuming a log-additive model of inheritance. Due to the number of comparisons, we calculated a corrected p-value (q-value) using the false discovery rate. Second, we confirmed all statistically significant interactions (q < 0.05) using a log-linear approach among case-parent triads. In step 1, there were 5 maternal-fetal gene-gene interactions with q < 0.05. The "top hit" was an interaction between maternal ENPP1 rs1044498 and fetal SLC2A2 rs6785233 (interaction OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 2.32-5.74, p = 2.09×10(-8), q=0.001), which was confirmed in step 2 (p = 0.00004). Our findings suggest that maternal metabolic genes associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and fetal metabolic genes involved in glucose homeostasis may interact to increase the risk of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura E Mitchell
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Eytan O, Morice-Picard F, Sarig O, Ezzedine K, Isakov O, Li Q, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Shomron N, Goldsmith T, Fuchs-Telem D, Adir N, Uitto J, Orlow SJ, Taieb A, Sprecher E. Cole Disease Results from Mutations in ENPP1. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:752-7. [PMID: 24075184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of abnormal keratinization and aberrant pigmentation in a number of cornification disorders has long suggested a mechanistic link between these two processes. Here, we deciphered the genetic basis of Cole disease, a rare autosomal-dominant genodermatosis featuring punctate keratoderma, patchy hypopigmentation, and uncommonly, cutaneous calcifications. Using a combination of exome and direct sequencing, we showed complete cosegregation of the disease phenotype with three heterozygous ENPP1 mutations in three unrelated families. All mutations were found to affect cysteine residues in the somatomedin-B-like 2 (SMB2) domain in the encoded protein, which has been implicated in insulin signaling. ENPP1 encodes ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which is responsible for the generation of inorganic pyrophosphate, a natural inhibitor of mineralization. Previously, biallelic mutations in ENPP1 were shown to underlie a number of recessive conditions characterized by ectopic calcification, thus providing evidence of profound phenotypic heterogeneity in ENPP1-associated genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Eytan
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 642395, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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55
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Lau WM, Doucet M, Stadel R, Huang D, Weber KL, Kominsky SL. Enpp1: a potential facilitator of breast cancer bone metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66752. [PMID: 23861746 PMCID: PMC3702501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis and once established, it is frequently incurable. Critical to our ability to prevent and treat bone metastasis is the identification of the key factors mediating its establishment and understanding their biological function. To address this issue we previously carried out an in vivo selection process to isolate murine mammary tumor sublines possessing an enhanced ability to colonize the bone. A comparison of gene expression between parental cells and sublines by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis revealed several potential mediators of bone metastasis, including the pyrophosphate-generating ectoenzyme Enpp1. By qRT-PCR and Western analysis we found that expression of Enpp1 was elevated in human breast cancer cell lines known to produce bone metastasis in animal models compared to non-metastatic and normal mammary epithelial cell lines. Further, in clinical specimens, levels of Enpp1 were significantly elevated in human primary breast tumors relative to normal mammary epithelium, with highest levels observed in breast-bone metastasis as determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. To examine the potential role of Enpp1 in the development of bone metastasis, Enpp1 expression was stably increased in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the ability to colonize the bone following intracardiac and direct intratibial injection of athymic nude mice was determined. By both routes of administration, increased expression of Enpp1 enhanced the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to form tumors in the bone relative to cells expressing vector alone, as determined by digital radiography and histological analysis. Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for Enpp1 in the development of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Min Lau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele Doucet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Stadel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristy L. Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Kominsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Goldsworthy M, Absalom NL, Schröter D, Matthews HC, Bogani D, Moir L, Long A, Church C, Hugill A, Anstee QM, Goldin R, Thursz M, Hollfelder F, Cox RD. Mutations in Mll2, an H3K4 methyltransferase, result in insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61870. [PMID: 23826075 PMCID: PMC3691224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed a random mutagenesis approach to identify novel monogenic determinants of type 2 diabetes. Here we show that haplo-insufficiency of the histone methyltransferase myeloid-lineage leukemia (Mll2/Wbp7) gene causes type 2 diabetes in the mouse. We have shown that mice heterozygous for two separate mutations in the SET domain of Mll2 or heterozygous Mll2 knockout mice were hyperglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic and developed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consistent with previous Mll2 knockout studies, mice homozygous for either ENU mutation (or compound heterozygotes) died during embryonic development at 9.5–14.5 days post coitum. Heterozygous deletion of Mll2 induced in the adult mouse results in a normal phenotype suggesting that changes in chromatin methylation during development result in the adult phenotype. Mll2 has been shown to regulate a small subset of genes, a number of which Neurod1, Enpp1, Slc27a2, and Plcxd1 are downregulated in adult mutant mice. Our results demonstrate that histone H3K4 methyltransferase Mll2 is a component of the genetic regulation necessary for glucose homeostasis, resulting in a specific disease pattern linking chromatin modification with causes and progression of type 2 diabetes, providing a basis for its further understanding at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Goldsworthy
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell, Diabetes Group, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Maranghi M, Prudente S, D'Erasmo L, Morini E, Ciociola E, Coletta P, Verrienti A, Arciello S, Copetti M, Pellegrini F, Santini SA, Morano S, Filetti S, Trischitta V. The ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism modulates the beneficial effect of weight loss on fasting glucose in non-diabetic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:505-510. [PMID: 22402064 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported that the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) interacts with increased adiposity in affecting glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Conversely, one would expect that the amelioration of glucose homeostasis observed after weight loss is modulated by the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism. The aim of our study was to test such hypothesis, in non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred eleven non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals were studied. Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) and lipid levels were obtained before and after 6-week lifestyle intervention (LI; diet and exercise) and their changes calculated as baseline minus 6-week values. LI decreased BMI, glucose, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for all). No difference across genotype groups (160 KK and 51 KQ or QQ - named as XQ - individuals) was observed in these changes. In a multivariate model, BMI changes predicted fasting glucose changes (β = 0.139 mmol/L (2.50 mg/dl) for 1 unit BMI change, p = 0.005). This correlation was not significant among KK individuals (β = 0.082; p = 0.15), while much steeper and highly significant among XQ individuals (β = 0.336; p = 0.00008) (p-value for Q121-by-weight loss interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION Individuals carrying the ENPP1 Q121 variant are highly responsive to the effect of weight loss on fasting glucose. This reinforces the previously suggested hypothesis that the Q121 variant interacts with adiposity in modulating glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maranghi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor genes in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:376454. [PMID: 23762820 PMCID: PMC3674720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a central role in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and related traits are likely to be caused by abnormalities in the genes encoding for proteins involved in the composite network of insulin-signaling; in this review we have focused our attention on genetic variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor molecules. These proteins interfere with different steps in insulin-signaling: ENPP1/PC-1 and the phosphatases PTP1B and PTPRF/LAR inhibit the insulin receptor activation; INPPL1/SHIP-2 hydrolyzes PI3-kinase products, hampering the phosphoinositide-mediated downstream signaling; and TRIB3 binds the serine-threonine kinase Akt, reducing its phosphorylation levels. While several variants have been described over the years for all these genes, solid evidence of an association with type 2 diabetes and related diseases seems to exist only for rs1044498 of the ENPP1 gene and for rs2295490 of the TRIB3 gene. However, overall the data recapitulated in this Review article may supply useful elements to interpret the results of novel, more technically advanced genetic studies; indeed it is becoming increasingly evident that genetic information on metabolic diseases should be interpreted taking into account the complex biological pathways underlying their pathogenesis.
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60
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Chandalia M, Davila H, Pan W, Szuszkiewicz M, Tuvdendorj D, Livingston EH, Abate N. Adipose tissue dysfunction in humans: a potential role for the transmembrane protein ENPP1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:4663-72. [PMID: 23012391 PMCID: PMC3513530 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue (AT) helps to regulate body fat partitioning and systemic lipid/glucose metabolism. We have recently reported lipid/glucose metabolism abnormalities and increased liver triglyceride content in an AT-selective transgenic model overexpressing ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1), the AdiposeENPP1-Tg mouse. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the translational hypothesis that AT-ENPP1 overexpression associates with AT dysfunction (changes in AT gene expression, plasma fatty acid, and adipokine levels), increased liver triglyceride deposition, and systemic insulin resistance in humans. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 134 young normoglycemic men and women were subjected to body composition studies, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, and AT needle biopsy. Twenty men also had liver/muscle nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Predetermined measures included AT expression of ENPP1 and other lipid metabolism/inflammation genes, plasma adipokines, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, liver/muscle triglyceride content, and the systemic glucose disposal rate. RESULTS After statistical adjustment for body fat content, increasing AT-ENPP1 was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in NEFA metabolism and inflammation, increased postabsorptive NEFA levels, decreased plasma adiponectin, increased liver triglyceride content, and systemic insulin resistance in men. In women, there were no changes in plasma adiponectin, NEFAs, or glucose disposal rate associated with increasing AT-ENPP1, despite increased expression of lipid metabolism and inflammation genes in AT. CONCLUSIONS Increased AT-ENPP1 is associated with AT dysfunction, increased liver triglyceride deposition, and systemic insulin resistance in young normoglycemic men. These findings are concordant with the AdiposeENPP1-Tg phenotype and identify a potential target of therapy for health complications of AT dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chandalia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas 77555-1060, USA
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Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which insulin influences breast cancer risk and progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R225-41. [PMID: 22936542 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have related hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes to an increased breast cancer risk, an aggressive and metastatic phenotype, and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, diabetic retinopathy arises from pathological angiogenesis, which is also essential for breast cancer growth and metastasis. Insulin stimulates the proliferation of some human breast cancer cell lines in vitro by mechanisms that use both the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt signaling pathways; it is also a cell survival (anti-apoptotic) agent and enhances tumor cell migration and invasive capacity. Hyperinsulinemia affects breast cancer cells via the endocrine system, but experimental studies suggest the importance of paracrine mechanisms operating by the effects of insulin on the secretion of adipokines from tumor-associated adipose tissue. In such a system, one adipokine, leptin, has stimulatory paracrine effects on breast cancer cell proliferation and survival, while a second, adiponectin, is inhibitory. Leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor, another insulin-regulated adipokine, and insulin itself also stimulate angiogenesis. Insulin has complex interactions with estrogens: it induces adipose stromal cell aromatase and tumor cell sex steroid hormone receptor expression and suppresses sex hormone-binding globulin, which may enhance estrogen synthesis and bioactivity with consequent promotion of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. All these actions influence the later steps in breast cancer development but genetic studies are also revealing connections between gene abnormalities related to type 2 diabetes and the initiation stage of breast carcinogenesis. Understanding the various mechanisms by which insulin participates in breast cancer cell biology provides opportunities for novel approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rose
- Department of Surgery, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA
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Mackenzie NCW, Huesa C, Rutsch F, MacRae VE. New insights into NPP1 function: lessons from clinical and animal studies. Bone 2012; 51:961-8. [PMID: 22842219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent elucidation of rare human genetic disorders resulting from mutations in ectonucleotide pyrophosphotase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP1), also known as plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 (PC-1), has highlighted the vital importance of this molecule in human health and disease. Generalised arterial calcification in infants (GACI), a frequently lethal disease, has been reported in recessive inactivating mutations in ENPP1. Recent findings have also linked hypophosphataemia to a lack of NPP1 function. A number of human genetic studies have indicated that NPP1 is a vital regulator that influences a wide range of tissues through various signalling pathways and when disrupted can lead to significant pathology. The function of Enpp1 has been widely studied in rodent models, where both the mutant tiptoe walking (ttw/ttw) mouse and genetically engineered Enpp1(-/-) mice show significant alterations in skeletal and soft tissue mineralisation, calcium/phosphate balance and glucose homeostasis. These models therefore provide important tools with which to study the potential mechanisms underpinning the human diseases associated with altered NPP1. This review will focus on the recent advances in our current knowledge of the actions of NPP1 in relation to bone disease, cardiovascular pathologies and diabetes. A fuller understanding of the mechanisms through which NPP1 exerts its pathological effects may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients at risk from the devastating clinical outcomes associated with disrupted NPP1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C W Mackenzie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
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63
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Dimatteo C, Marucci A, Palazzo A, Cisternino C, Marsano RM, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of somatomedin-B-like domains on ENPP1 inhibition of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:552-8. [PMID: 23098853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling is not known. ENPP1 contains two somatomedin-B-like domains (i.e. SMB 1 and 2) involved in ENPP1 dimerization in animal cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate if these domains modulate ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling in human insulin target cells (HepG2). ENPP1 (ENPP1-3'myc), ENPP1 deleted of SMB 1 (ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc) or of SMB 2 (ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc) domain were cloned in frame with myc tag in mammalian expression vector pRK5. Plasmids were transiently transfected in human liver HepG2 cells. ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling, dimerization and protein-protein interaction with insulin receptor (IR), reported to mediate the modulation of ENPP1 inhibitory activity, were studied. As compared to untransfected cells, a progressive increase of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin-induced IR β-subunit autophosphorylation and on Akt-S(473) phosphorylation was observed in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. Under non reducing conditions a 260 kDa homodimer, indicating ENPP1 dimerization, was observed. The ratio of non reduced (260 kDa) to reduced (130 kDa) ENPP1 was significantly decreased by two thirds in ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc vs. ENPP1-3'myc but not in ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc. A similar ENPP1/IR interaction was detectable by co-immunoprecipitation in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. In conclusion, SMB 1 and SMB 2 are negative modulators of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling. For SMB 2 such effect might be mediated by a positive role on protein dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Sortica DA, Crispim D, Zaffari GP, Friedman R, Canani LH. The role of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 55:677-85. [PMID: 22231969 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has caused a rise in the occurrence of its chronic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Familial aggregation studies have demonstrated that besides the known environmental risk factors, DN has a major genetic component. Therefore, it is necessary to identify genes associated with risk for or protection against DN. Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is expressed in several tissues, including the kidneys. Increased levels of ENPP1 expression inhibit tyrosine-kinase activity of the insulin receptor in several cell types, leading to insulin resistance. K121Q polymorphism of the ENPP1 gene seems to be associated with insulin resistance and DN development. The elucidation of genetic factors and their associations will provide better understanding of the pathogenesis of DN and, may consequently, lead to a more effective approach to prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Alves Sortica
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jing C, Xueyao H, Linong J. Meta-analysis of association studies between five candidate genes and type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population. Endocrine 2012; 42:307-20. [PMID: 22391941 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The multiple small-scale association studies of candidate genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population have shown inconsistent results. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the contribution of five candidate genes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population. We searched for relevant published papers and used STATA v.11.0 to perform a meta-analysis on six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five genes-ADIPOQ-rs2241766 (SNP45) and -rs1501299 (SNP276), ADRB3-rs4994 (Trp64Arg), CAPN10-rs3792267 (SNP43), ENPP1-rs1044498 (K121Q), and PPARGC1A-rs8192678 (Gly482Ser)-in the Chinese Han population under an additive genetic model. The pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals and P-values) were 0.71 (0.60-0.83; P < 0.001) for ADIPOQ-rs2241766, 0.79 (0.64-0.97; P = 0.027) for ADIPOQ-rs1501299, 1.27 (1.07-1.51; P = 0.006) for ADRB3-rs4994, 0.79 (0.57-1.10; P = 0.163) for CAPN10-rs3792267, 1.41 (1.13-1.76; P = 0.003) for ENPP1-rs1044498, and 1.54 (1.34-1.81; P < 0.001) for PPARGC1A-rs8192678. There was high heterogeneity for ADIPOQ-rs2241766, ADIPOQ-rs1501299, and CAPN10-rs3792267 (I² = 74.9, 69.4, and 75.8%, respectively), but not for ADRB3-rs4994, ENPP1-rs1044498, and PPARGC1A-rs8192678 (I² = 0.0, 43.4, and 23.3%, respectively). Under an additive genetic model, the C allele of ADRB3-rs4994, the C allele of ENPP1-rs1044498, and the A allele of PPARGC1A-rs8192678 increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Prudente S, Sesti G, Pandolfi A, Andreozzi F, Consoli A, Trischitta V. The mammalian tribbles homolog TRIB3, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular diseases. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:526-46. [PMID: 22577090 PMCID: PMC3410226 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and eventually, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a 45-kDa pseudokinase binding to and inhibiting Akt, a key mediator of insulin signaling. Akt-mediated effects of TRIB3 in the liver, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle result in impaired glucose homeostasis. TRIB3 effects are also modulated by its direct interaction with other signaling molecules. In humans, TRIB3 overactivity, due to TRIB3 overexpression or to Q84R genetic polymorphism, with R84 being a gain-of-function variant, may be involved in shaping the risk of insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 overexpression has been observed in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells of individuals with insulin resistance and/or T2DM. The R84 variant has also proved to be associated with insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 direct effects on the endothelium might also play a role in increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, as indicated by studies on human endothelial cells carrying the R84 variant that are dysfunctional in terms of Akt activation, NO production, and other proatherogenic changes. In conclusion, studies on TRIB3 have unraveled new molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Additional investigations are needed to verify whether such acquired knowledge will be relevant for improving care delivery to patients with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, Italy
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Bellacchio E. In silico analysis of the two tandem somatomedin B domains of ENPP1 reveals hints on the homodimerization of the protein. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3566-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Siddle K. Molecular basis of signaling specificity of insulin and IGF receptors: neglected corners and recent advances. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:34. [PMID: 22649417 PMCID: PMC3355962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors utilize common phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways to mediate a broad spectrum of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Specificity of insulin and IGF action in vivo must in part reflect expression of receptors and responsive pathways in different tissues but it is widely assumed that it is also determined by the ligand binding and signaling mechanisms of the receptors. This review focuses on receptor-proximal events in insulin/IGF signaling and examines their contribution to specificity of downstream responses. Insulin and IGF receptors may differ subtly in the efficiency with which they recruit their major substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2 and Shc) and this could influence effectiveness of signaling to "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Other substrates (Grb2-associated binder, downstream of kinases, SH2Bs, Crk), scaffolds (RACK1, β-arrestins, cytohesins), and pathways (non-receptor tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide kinases, reactive oxygen species) have been less widely studied. Some of these components appear to be specifically involved in "metabolic" or "mitogenic" signaling but it has not been shown that this reflects receptor-preferential interaction. Very few receptor-specific interactions have been characterized, and their roles in signaling are unclear. Signaling specificity might also be imparted by differences in intracellular trafficking or feedback regulation of receptors, but few studies have directly addressed this possibility. Although published data are not wholly conclusive, no evidence has yet emerged for signaling mechanisms that are specifically engaged by insulin receptors but not IGF receptors or vice versa, and there is only limited evidence for differential activation of signaling mechanisms that are common to both receptors. Cellular context, rather than intrinsic receptor activity, therefore appears to be the major determinant of whether responses to insulin and IGFs are perceived as "metabolic" or "mitogenic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Siddle
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, UK.
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Brand-Miller JC, Griffin HJ, Colagiuri S. The carnivore connection hypothesis: revisited. J Obes 2012; 2012:258624. [PMID: 22235369 PMCID: PMC3253466 DOI: 10.1155/2012/258624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Carnivore Connection" hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance. The selection pressure was relaxed at the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution when large quantities of cereals first entered human diets. The "Carnivore Connection" explains the high prevalence of intrinsic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in populations that transition rapidly from traditional diets with a low-glycemic load, to high-carbohydrate, high-glycemic index diets that characterize modern diets. Selection pressure has been relaxed longest in European populations, explaining a lower prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, despite recent exposure to famine and food scarcity. Increasing obesity and habitual consumption of high-glycemic-load diets worsens insulin resistance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie C. Brand-Miller
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, G89 Medical Foundation Building K25, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
- The School of Molecular Bioscience G08, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- *Jennie C. Brand-Miller:
| | | | - Stephen Colagiuri
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, G89 Medical Foundation Building K25, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
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Spoto B, Testa A, Parlongo RM, Tripepi G, D'Arrigo G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), genetic markers of insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy in patients with kidney failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:2440-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rieger M, Endler G, Funk M, Lalouschek W, Lang W, Mannhalter C, Sunder-Plassmann R. Evaluation of the PC-1 K121Q and G2906C variants as independent risk factors for ischaemic stroke. Hamostaseologie 2011; 31:196-200. [PMID: 21647535 DOI: 10.5482/ha-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Overexpression of plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) inhibits insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and thus favours insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Recent findings indicate that the minor variant K121Q in the PC-1 gene confers an increased risk for early myocardial infarction independent of other established risk factors. We hypothesized that genetic variants in PC-1 may also influence the risk for cerebrovascular disease. AIM Therefore, we assessed the association of the PC-1 K121Q variant in the coding region and a polymorphism (G2906C) in the 3' untranslated region of the PC-1 gene with the risk of stroke. PATIENTS We analyzed 1014 patients with a history of ischaemic stroke from the Vienna stroke registry and 1001 control individuals without vascular disease. RESULTS, CONCLUSION Genotype frequencies of both genetic variants were similar in patients and controls in the total study population. By multivariate analysis, no interactions were observed between the PC-1 genotype and established vascular risk factors. However, the PC-1 2906C allele was significantly more frequent in patients who suffered from stroke before the age of 40 years. In these patients the risk for ischaemic stroke was increased four-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rieger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Spoto B, Testa A, Parlongo RM, Tripepi G, Trischitta V, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease: association between the ENPP1 gene and left ventricular concentric remodelling. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:661-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Nie J, Xue B, Sukumaran S, Jusko WJ, DuBois DC, Almon RR. Differential muscle gene expression as a function of disease progression in Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 338:10-7. [PMID: 21356272 PMCID: PMC3093670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a polygenic non-obese model of type 2 diabetes, is a useful surrogate for study of diabetes-related changes independent of obesity. GK rats and appropriate controls were killed at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-weaning and differential muscle gene expression along with body and muscle weights, plasma hormones and lipids, and blood cell measurements were carried out. Gene expression analysis identified 204 genes showing 2-fold or greater differences between GK and controls in at least 3 ages. Array results suggested increased oxidative capacity in GK muscles, as well as differential gene expression related to insulin resistance, which was also indicated by HOMA-IR measurements. In addition, potential new biomarkers in muscle gene expression were identified that could be either a cause or consequence of T2DM. Furthermore, we demonstrate here the presence of chronic inflammation evident both systemically and in the musculature, despite the absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
| | - Bai Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
| | - William J. Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences
| | - Debra C. DuBois
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
| | - Richard R. Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences
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Kornak U. Animal models with pathological mineralization phenotypes. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:561-7. [PMID: 21550285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix mineralization is important for mechanical stability of the skeleton and for calcium and phosphate storage. Professional mineral-disposing cell types are hypertrophic chondrocytes, odontoblasts, ameloblasts and osteoblasts. Since ectopic mineralization causes tissue dysfunction mineralization inhibitors and promoting factors have to be kept in close balance. The most prominent inhibitors are fetuin-A, matrix-Gla-protein (MGP), SIGBLING proteins and pyrophosphate. In spite of their ubiquitous presence, their loss entails a specific rather than a stereotypic pattern of ectopic mineralization. Typical sites of pathological mineral accumulation are connective tissues, articular cartilage, and vessels. Associated common human pathologies are degenerative joint disorders and arteriosclerosis. This article gives a summary on what we have learned from different mouse models with pathologic mineralization phenotypes about the role of these inhibitors and the regulation of mineralization promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Kornak
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Di Paola R, Caporarello N, Marucci A, Dimatteo C, Iadicicco C, Del Guerra S, Prudente S, Sudano D, Miele C, Parrino C, Piro S, Beguinot F, Marchetti P, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. ENPP1 affects insulin action and secretion: evidences from in vitro studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19462. [PMID: 21573217 PMCID: PMC3088669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to deeper investigate the mechanisms through which
ENPP1, a negative modulator of insulin receptor (IR) activation, plays a role on
insulin signaling, insulin secretion and eventually glucose metabolism. ENPP1
cDNA (carrying either K121 or Q121 variant) was transfected in HepG2 liver-, L6
skeletal muscle- and INS1E beta-cells. Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation
(HepG2, L6, INS1E), Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9
phosphorylation (HepG2, L6), PEPCK mRNA levels (HepG2) and
2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (L6) was studied. GLUT 4 mRNA
(L6), insulin secretion and caspase-3 activation (INS1E) were also investigated.
Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation was decreased in HepG2-K, L6-K, INS1E-K
(20%, 52% and 11% reduction vs. untransfected cells) and
twice as much in HepG2-Q, L6-Q, INS1E-Q (44%, 92% and 30%).
Similar data were obtained with Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9 in
HepG2 and L6. Insulin-induced reduction of PEPCK mRNA was progressively lower in
untransfected, HepG2-K and HepG2-Q cells (65%, 54%, 23%).
Insulin-induced glucose uptake in untransfected L6 (60% increase over
basal), was totally abolished in L6-K and L6-Q cells. GLUT 4 mRNA was slightly
reduced in L6-K and twice as much in L6-Q (13% and 25% reduction
vs. untransfected cells). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was 60%
reduced in INS1E-K and almost abolished in INS1E-Q. Serum deficiency activated
caspase-3 by two, three and four folds in untransfected INS1E, INS1E-K and
INS1E-Q. Glyburide-induced insulin secretion was reduced by 50% in
isolated human islets from homozygous QQ donors as compared to those from KK and
KQ individuals. Our data clearly indicate that ENPP1, especially when the Q121
variant is operating, affects insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle- and liver-cells and both function and survival of insulin
secreting beta-cells, thus representing a strong pathogenic factor predisposing
to insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of
Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School,
Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
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Radha V, Kanthimathi S, Mohan V. Genetics of Type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/dmt.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Bacci S, Rizza S, Prudente S, Spoto B, Powers C, Facciorusso A, Pacilli A, Lauro D, Testa A, Zhang YY, Di Stolfo G, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Xu R, Mangiacotti D, Aucella F, Lauro R, Gervino EV, Hauser TH, Copetti M, De Cosmo S, Pellegrini F, Zoccali C, Federici M, Doria A, Trischitta V. The ENPP1 Q121 variant predicts major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals: evidence for interaction with obesity in diabetic patients. Diabetes 2011; 60:1000-7. [PMID: 21282363 PMCID: PMC3046818 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease may share a common genetic background. We investigated the role of IR-associated ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) on cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study (average follow-up, 37 months) was conducted for major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, cardiovascular death) from the Gargano Heart Study (GHS; n = 330 with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease), the Tor Vergata Atherosclerosis Study (TVAS; n = 141 who had MI), and the Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis (CREED) database (n = 266 with end-stage renal disease). Age at MI was investigated in cross-sectional studies of 339 type 2 diabetic patients (n = 169 from Italy, n = 170 from the U.S.). RESULTS Incidence of cardiovascular events per 100 person--years was 4.2 in GHS, 10.8 in TVAS, and 11.7 in CREED. Hazard ratios (HRs) for KQ+QQ versus individuals carrying the K121/K121 genotype (KK) individuals were 1.47 (95% CI 0.80-2.70) in GHS, 2.31 (95% CI 1.22-4.34) in TVAS, and 1.36 (95% CI 0.88-2.10) in CREED, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.15-2.12) in the three cohorts combined. In the 395 diabetic patients, the Q121 variant predicted cardiovascular events among obese but not among nonobese individuals (HR 5.94 vs. 0.62, P = 0.003 for interaction). A similar synergism was observed in cross-sectional studies, with age at MI being 3 years younger in Q121 carriers than in KK homozygotes among obese but not among nonobese patients (P = 0.035 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. In type 2 diabetes, this effect is exacerbated by obesity. Future larger studies are needed to confirm our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Belinda Spoto
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Christine Powers
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pacilli
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Testa
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rui Xu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Filippo Aucella
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernest V. Gervino
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas H. Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author: Vincenzo Trischitta,
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79
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Bhatti JS, Bhatti GK, Mastana SS, Ralhan S, Joshi A, Tewari R. ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in North Indians. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 345:249-57. [PMID: 20820885 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, 160019, India.
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80
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Lim J, Zhou M, Veenstra TD, Morrison DK. The CNK1 scaffold binds cytohesins and promotes insulin pathway signaling. Genes Dev 2010; 24:1496-506. [PMID: 20634316 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1904610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein scaffolds play an important role in signal transduction, regulating the localization of signaling components and mediating key protein interactions. Here, we report that the major binding partners of the Connector Enhancer of KSR 1 (CNK1) scaffold are members of the cytohesin family of Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and that the CNK1/cytohesin interaction is critical for activation of the PI3K/AKT cascade downstream from insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors. We identified a domain located in the C-terminal region of CNK1 that interacts constitutively with the coiled-coil domain of the cytohesins, and found that CNK1 facilitates the membrane recruitment of cytohesin-2 following insulin stimulation. Moreover, through protein depletion and rescue experiments, we found that the CNK1/cytohesin interaction promotes signaling from plasma membrane-bound Arf GTPases to the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) to generate a PIP(2)-rich microenvironment that is critical for the membrane recruitment of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and signal transmission to the PI3K/AKT cascade. These findings identify CNK1 as a new positive regulator of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Lim
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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81
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Nelson RA, Bremer AA. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:1-14. [PMID: 19943799 DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of specific anthropometric, physiological, and biochemical abnormalities predisposing affected individuals to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The syndrome is well described in the adult literature. However, its description in the pediatric literature is more limited. Due in large part to the normal physiological changes that occur in children and adolescents with respect to growth and puberty, investigators have also struggled to establish a standard definition of the syndrome in the pediatric age group, hindering coordinated research efforts. However, whatever definition of the syndrome is used, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the pediatric age group has increased worldwide. Insulin resistance is the principal metabolic abnormality that is common to the development of the metabolic syndrome in both children and adults. This review summarizes current research regarding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and how this may contribute to specific abnormalities seen in children and adolescents with the metabolic syndrome. Specifically, insulin resistance in pediatric patients is correlated with cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, all of which are significant risk factors for adult disease. In addition, current treatment and prevention strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic agents, and certain surgical therapies, are highlighted. The need for collaborative changes at the family, school, city, state, and national levels to address the growing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the pediatric age group is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817-2208, USA
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82
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Korostishevsky M, Cohen Z, Malkin I, Ermakov S, Yarenchuk O, Livshits G. Morphological and biochemical features of obesity are associated with mineralization genes' polymorphisms. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1308-18. [PMID: 20231843 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) was recently extensively studied as a candidate gene for obesity phenotypes. As the human homologue of the mouse progressive ankylosis (ANKH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) are known functional partners of ENPP1 in bone mineralization, we hypothesized that these genes may also be jointly involved in determining obesity features. AIM To examine the effects of the three genes, possible gene-sex and gene-gene interactions on variability of four obesity phenotypes: the body mass index (BMI), the waist-hip ratio (WHR), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and leptin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In all, 962 healthy individuals from 230 families were genotyped for 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The association analysis was performed using two family based association tests (family based association test and pedigree disequilibrium test). The combined P-values of the two tests were estimated by Monte-Carlo simulations. Relative magnitude of the genetic and familial effects, gene-sex and gene-gene interactions were assessed using variance component models. RESULTS Associations were observed between ENPP1 polymorphisms and BMI (P=0.0037) and leptin (P=0.0068). ALPL markers were associated with WHR (P=0.0026) and EGFR (P=0.0001). The ANKH gene was associated with all four studied obesity-related traits (P<0.0184), and its effects were modulated by sex. Gene-gene interactions were not detected. CONCLUSION The observed pattern of association signals indicates that ANKH may have a generalized effect on adipose tissue physiology, whereas ENPP1 and ALPL affect distinct obesity features. The joint analysis of related genes and integration of the results obtained by different methods used in this research should benefit other studies of similar design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korostishevsky
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Human Population Biology Research Unit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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83
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Tanyolaç S, Bremer AA, Hodoglugil U, Movsesyan I, Pullinger CR, Heiner SW, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Goldfine ID. Genetic variants of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia in male subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 7:543-8. [PMID: 19656007 DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 (also termed ENPP1) is a direct insulin receptor inhibitor, and certain polymorphisms of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene have been associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and diabetic complications. METHODS We examined the effect of 3 ENPP1/PC-1 variants (K121Q, rs1044498, and IVS20delT-11, rs1799774, and A-->G+1044TGA, rs7754561) on plasma triglyceride levels in 1112 subjects of non-Hispanic American white European ancestry. RESULTS Two of the ENPP1/PC-1 variants--A-->G+1044TGA (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.82, P = 0.002) and IVS20delT-11 (OR 1.41, 95% CI, 1.08-1.84, P = 0.012)--were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Haplotype analyses also revealed an association with hypertriglyceridemia. In the variant analyses and in the haplotype analysis, the associations with hypertriglyceridemia were observed in male but not female subjects. Interestingly, the more widely studied K121Q ENPP1/PC-1 variant was not associated with hypertriglyceridemia in any group or subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION In the present study, we find that genetic variants of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia in male subjects, and may contribute to the development of the insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Tanyolaç
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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84
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Lorenz-Depiereux B, Schnabel D, Tiosano D, Häusler G, Strom TM. Loss-of-function ENPP1 mutations cause both generalized arterial calcification of infancy and autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:267-72. [PMID: 20137773 PMCID: PMC2820166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of rare genetic disorders affecting phosphate homeostasis led to the identification of several proteins that are essential for the renal regulation of phosphate homeostasis; for example, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis. Here, we report presumable loss-of-function mutations in the ENPP1 gene (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase) in members of four families affected with hypophosphatemic rickets. We provide evidence for the conclusion that ENPP1 is the fourth gene-in addition to PHEX, FGF23, and DMP1-that, if mutated, causes hypophosphatemic rickets resulting from elevated FGF23 levels. Surprisingly, ENPP1 loss-of-function mutations have previously been described in generalized arterial calcification of infancy, suggesting an as yet elusive mechanism that balances arterial calcification with bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lorenz-Depiereux
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriele Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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85
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Hayashi Y, Kajimoto K, Iida S, Sato Y, Mizufune S, Kaji N, Kamiya H, Baba Y, Harashima H. DNA Microarray Analysis of Whole Blood Cells and Insulin-Sensitive Tissues Reveals the Usefulness of Blood RNA Profiling as a Source of Markers for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1033-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Shinya Iida
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Shogo Mizufune
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- MEXT Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- MEXT Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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86
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Insulin Action in the Brain and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. DIABETES, INSULIN AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. Insulin signaling regulating genes: effect on T2DM and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009; 5:682-93. [PMID: 19924153 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder that has a heterogeneous genetic and environmental background. In this Review, we discuss the role of relatively infrequent polymorphisms of genes that regulate insulin signaling (including the K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1, the G972R polymorphism of IRS1 and the Q84R polymorphism of TRIB3) in T2DM and other conditions related to insulin resistance. The biological relevance of these three polymorphisms has been very thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo and the available data indicate that they all affect insulin signaling and action as well as insulin secretion. They also affect insulin-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function. In addition, several reports indicate that the effects of all three polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases related to insulin resistance depend on the clinical features of the individual, including their body weight and age at disease onset. Thus, these polymorphisms might be used to demonstrate how difficult it is to ascertain the contribution of relatively infrequent genetic variants with heterogeneous effects on disease susceptibility. Unraveling the role of such variants might be facilitated by improving disease definition and focusing on specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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88
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Bacci S, Di Paola R, Menzaghi C, Di Fulvio P, Di Silvestre S, Pellegrini F, Baratta R, Marucci A, Mastroianno S, Fini G, Formoso G, Consoli A, Perticone F, Frittitta L, Pandolfi A, Trischitta V. ENPP1
Q121 Variant, Increased Pulse Pressure and Reduced Insulin Signaling, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1678-83. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.189191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Insulin resistance induces increased pulse pressure (PP), endothelial dysfunction (ED), and reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). The genetic background of these 3 cardiovascular risk factors might be partly common. The
ENPP1
K121Q polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk.
Methods and Results—
We investigated whether the K121Q polymorphism is associated with increased PP in white Caucasians and with ED in vitro. In 985 individuals, (390 unrelated and 595 from 248 families), the K121Q polymorphism was associated with PP (
P
=8.0×10
−4
). In the families, the Q121 variant accounted for 0.08 of PP heritability (
P
=9.4×10
−4
). This association was formally replicated in a second sample of 475 individuals (
P
=2.6×10
−2
) but not in 2 smaller samples of 289 and 236 individuals (
P
=0.49 and 0.21, respectively). In the individual patients’ data meta-analysis, comprising 1985 individuals, PP was associated with the Q121 variant (
P
=1.2×10
−3
). Human endothelial cells carrying the KQ genotype showed, as compared to KK cells, reduced insulin-mediated insulin receptor autophosphorylation (
P
=0.03), Ser
473
-Akt phosphorylation (
P
=0.03), and NO synthase activity (
P
=0.003).
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that the
ENPP1
Q121 variant is associated with increased PP in vivo and reduced insulin signaling and ED in vitro, thus indicating a possible pathogenic mechanism for the increased cardiovascular risk observed in
ENPP1
Q121 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Patrizia Di Fulvio
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Roberto Baratta
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Antonella Marucci
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Sandra Mastroianno
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Grazia Fini
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Gloria Formoso
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Agostino Consoli
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Francesco Perticone
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- From the Endocrine Unit (S.B., S.M.), the Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases (R.D.P., C.M., A.M., G. Fini, V.T.), and the Unit of Biostatistics (F.P.), IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; the Departments of Medicine and Aging Sciences (P.D.F., G. Formoso, A.C.) and Biomedical Sciences (S.D.S., A.P.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; the Department of Clinical
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89
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. The emerging role of TRIB3 as a gene affecting human insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes. Acta Diabetol 2009; 46:79-84. [PMID: 19139803 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is becoming epidemic. The personal and social burden imposed by diabetes will increase in the close future as its prevalence is expected to double in the next 15-20 years. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. Despite the role of profound changes in individual environmental exposure is incontrovertible, several findings clearly indicate that type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are also heritable. Among the several inhibitors of insulin signalling, which have been recently proposed as determinants of insulin resistance, is TRIB3, a mammalian tribbles homolog which affects insulin signalling at the level of Akt-2, a key modulator of insulin action in target cells. We here report data on a prevalent Q84R TRIB3 missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2295490) we first described few years ago. Several lines of evidences indicate that this amino-acid change is, in fact, a gain of function mutation with the potential to affect insulin signalling and thus, to increase the risk of insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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90
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Winkler G, Cseh K. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orv Hetil 2009; 150:771-80. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2009.28608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A zsírszövetben az inzulinreceptor jelátviteli folyamatait auto-, para- és endokrin hatásokkal szabályozó számos fehérje termelődik és szekretálódik. Ezek közül több, így a tumornekrózis-faktor-α és szolúbilis receptor formái, az sTNFR1 és sTNFR2, a rezisztin, retinolkötő fehérje-4, plazminogénaktivátor-inhibitor, lipokain-1 gátolja az inzulin jelátviteli folyamatait és inzulinrezisztenciát okoz, elsősorban a zsírszövetben, a májban, az izomszövetben, az agyban, az endothelsejtekben, valamint a hasnyálmirigy β-sejtjeiben. Más fehérjék, így az adiponektin, visfatin, vaspin, omentin, apelin és chemerin pedig javítják az inzulinreceptor jelátvitelét. Az összefoglalás áttekinti az inzulinreceptor jelátviteli folyamatainak főbb részleteit és kitér az elhízásban, valamint a 2-es típusú cukorbetegségben észlelhető inzulin- és citokinrezisztenciák patomechanizmusában a közelmúltban megismert molekuláris tényezőkre (például a suppressor of cytokine signaling fehérje család).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Winkler
- 1 Fővárosi Önkormányzat Szent János Kórház és Észak-budai Egyesített Intézményei II. Belgyógyászati Osztály Budapest
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91
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Marucci A, Miscio G, Padovano L, Boonyasrisawat W, Florez JC, Doria A, Trischitta V, Paola RD. The role of HSP70 on ENPP1 expression and insulin-receptor activation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:139-144. [PMID: 19083193 PMCID: PMC3760425 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin-receptor (IR) signaling and, when over-expressed, induces insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Understanding the regulation of ENPP1 expression may, thus, unravel new molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Recent data point to a pivotal role of the ENPP1 3'UTR, in modulating ENPP1 mRNA stability and expression. We sought to identify trans-acting proteins binding the ENPP1-3'UTR and to investigate their role on ENPP1 expression and on IR signaling. By RNA electrophoresis mobility shift analysis and tandem mass spectrometry, we demonstrated the binding of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to ENPP1-3'UTR. Through this binding, HSP70 stabilizes ENPP1 mRNA and increases ENPP1 transcript and protein levels. This positive modulation of ENPP1 expression is paralleled by a reduced insulin-induced IR and IRS-1 phosphorylation. Taken together these data suggest that HSP70, by affecting ENPP1 expression, may be a novel mediator of altered insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Libera Padovano
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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92
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Moore AF, Jablonski KA, Mason CC, McAteer JB, Arakaki RF, Goldstein BJ, Kahn SE, Kitabchi AE, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Florez JC. The association of ENPP1 K121Q with diabetes incidence is abolished by lifestyle modification in the diabetes prevention program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:449-55. [PMID: 19017751 PMCID: PMC2646511 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance is an important feature of type 2 diabetes. Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling, and a recent meta-analysis reported a nominal association between the Q allele in the K121Q (rs1044498) single nucleotide polymorphism in its gene ENPP1 and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE AND INTERVENTION: We examined the impact of this polymorphism on diabetes incidence as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity at baseline and after treatment with a lifestyle intervention or metformin vs. placebo in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOME: We genotyped ENPP1 K121Q in 3548 DPP participants and performed Cox regression analyses using genotype, intervention, and interactions as predictors of diabetes incidence. RESULTS Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin were higher in QQ homozygotes at baseline (P < 0.001 for both). There was a significant interaction between genotype at rs1044498 and intervention under the dominant model (P = 0.03). In analyses stratified by treatment arm, a positive association with diabetes incidence was found in Q allele carriers compared to KK homozygotes [hazard ratio (HR), 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.76; P = 0.009] in the placebo arm (n = 996). Lifestyle modification eliminated this increased risk. These findings persisted after adjustment for body mass index and race/ethnicity. Association of ENPP1 K121Q genotype with diabetes incidence under the additive and recessive genetic models showed consistent trends [HR, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99-1.23), P = 0.08; and HR, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.92-1.45), P = 0.20, respectively] but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS ENPP1 K121Q is associated with increased diabetes incidence; the DPP lifestyle intervention eliminates this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan F Moore
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2622, USA
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93
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Chin CN, Dallas-Yang Q, Liu F, Ho T, Ellsworth K, Fischer P, Natasha T, Ireland C, Lu P, Li C, Wang IM, Strohl W, Berger JP, An Z, Zhang BB, Jiang G. Evidence that inhibition of insulin receptor signaling activity by PC-1/ENPP1 is dependent on its enzyme activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 606:17-24. [PMID: 19374858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 or ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (PC-1/ENPP1) has been shown to inhibit insulin signaling, and its genetic polymorphism or increased expression is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans. Therefore, PC-1 inhibition represents a potential strategy in treating diabetes. Since patients with phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase deficient PC-1 manifest abnormal calcification, enhancing insulin signaling by inhibiting PC-1 for the treatment of diabetes will be feasible only if PC-1 phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase activity needs not be significantly diminished. However, whether inhibition of insulin receptor signaling by PC-1 is dependent upon its phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase activity remains controversial. In this study, the extracellular domain of the human PC-1 in its native form or with a T256A or T256S mutation was overexpressed and purified. Enzymatic assays showed that both mutants have less than 10% of the activity of the wild-type protein. In HEK293 cells stably expressing recombinant insulin receptor or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor, transient expression of wild-type full length PC-1 (PC-1.FL.WT) but not the T256A or T256S mutants inhibits insulin signaling without affecting IGF1 signaling. Western blot and FACS analysis showed that the wild-type and mutant full length PC-1 proteins are expressed at similar levels in the cells, and were localized to the similar levels on the cell surface. Overexpression of PC-1.FL.WT did not affect insulin receptor mRNA level, total protein and cell surface levels. Together, these results suggest that the inhibition of insulin signaling by PC-1 is somewhat specific and is dependent upon the enzymatic activity of the phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ni Chin
- Biologics Research, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA 19486, United States
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94
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Santoro N, Cirillo G, Lepore MG, Palma A, Amato A, Savarese P, Marzuillo P, Grandone A, Perrone L, Del Giudice EM. Effect of the rs997509 polymorphism on the association between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 and metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance in childhood obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:300-5. [PMID: 18940878 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Variants on the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP-1) gene have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Because insulin resistance is a pivotal factor in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), we aimed to test the association between the K121Q and rs997509 ENPP-1 variants with obesity, MS and IGT in obese children and adolescents. METHODS We screened 809 children, 409 obese and 400 lean controls. Obese subjects underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test, whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were calculated. RESULTS No difference in prevalence for K121Q and rs997509 polymorphisms between obese and controls (P > 0.05) were observed. Obese children carrying the rs997509 rare allele showed higher insulin (P = 0.001), HOMA (P < .001) and lower WBISI values (P = 0.04) compared with common allele homozygous. A similar observation was done for K121Q variant, with 121Q allele carriers showing higher insulin (P = 0.03) and HOMA (P = 0.04) values than 121K homozygotes. Moreover, subjects carrying the rs997509 rare allele had higher risk of MS (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-4.3) and IGT (odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.9-11.4) than common allele homozygotes. Evaluating combined effects of both polymorphisms, which are in strong linkage disequilibrium, we showed that the effect on insulin sensitivity was due to the rs997509 T variant. CONCLUSION We conclude that the ENPP1 rs997509T allele can predispose obese children to MS and IGT and that this variant might drive the association between the ENPP1 121Q allele and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Santoro
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio No. 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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95
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Baratta R, Rossetti P, Prudente S, Barbetti F, Sudano D, Nigro A, Farina MG, Pellegrini F, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. Role of the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism in glucose homeostasis. Diabetes 2008; 57:3360-4. [PMID: 18776139 PMCID: PMC2584144 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the ENPP1 Q121 variant on glucose homeostasis in whites from Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted case-control studies in 764 adults (from two independent samples of 289 nonobese and 485 obese individuals) and 240 overweight/obese children undergoing oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Early-phase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (the insulinogenic index and the insulin sensitivity index) and their interplay (the disposition index) were calculated. RESULTS In adult subjects, glucose profiles during OGTT were significantly (P = 2 x 10(-2)) different across K121Q genotype groups and higher in QQ than KK individuals (P = 5 x 10(-2)). The insulinogenic index was significantly reduced in QQ (18.5 +/- 3.4) compared with both KK (31.6 +/- 1.0; P = 2.2 x 10(-7)) and KQ (30.5 +/- 1.5; P = 3.2 x 10(-6)) individuals. KQ individuals also showed a reduced insulin sensitivity index compared with KK subjects (P = 3.6 x 10(-2)). The disposition index was lower in QQ carriers than in KQ and KK individuals (P = 8 x 10(-3) and 4 x 10(-4), respectively) and lower in KQ than in KK individuals (P = 3 x 10(-2)). Data obtained in overweight/obese children were very similar to those observed in adults, with QQ individuals showing (compared with KQ and KK subjects) a reduced insulinogenic index (P = 7 x 10(-3) and 2 x 10(-2), respectively) and disposition index (P = 2 x 10(-2) and 7 x 10(-3), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Homozygous carriers of the ENPP1 Q121 variant are characterized by an altered glucose homeostasis. Reduced early-phase insulin secretion and inefficient interplay between insulin secretion and sensitivity, which occur at early ages, are major determinants of this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baratta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Rossetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Scientific Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Nigro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Farina
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Scientific Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Scientific Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, CSS Scientific Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
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96
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Tanyolaç S, Mahley RW, Hodoglugil U, Goldfine ID. Gender differences in the relationship of ENPP1/PC-1 variants to obesity in a Turkish population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2468-71. [PMID: 18719658 PMCID: PMC4486356 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ectoenzyme ENPP1 (also termed membrane glycoprotein PC-1 or ENPP1/PC-1) is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. There is evidence from previous studies that coding variants of ENPP1/PC-1 (K121Q) are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Studies in the general Turkish population have demonstrated: unique plasma lipid characteristics, a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, and an increased prevalence of obesity and T2D. We investigated, therefore, the association of ENPP1/PC-1 variants with obesity and T2D in Turkish individuals. The TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was used for genotyping the relationship of ENPP1/PC-1 variants to obesity and T2D in a genetic association study of 1,553 genotyped, randomly selected subjects from the Turkish Heart Study. The K121Q (rs1044498) variant and other previously reported variants (rs997509, rs1799774, rs1044548, rs11964389, rs7754561) were analyzed. In this cohort, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of the K121Q variant was associated with obesity in male, but not in female subjects (male, odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.004-2.698, P = 0.048; female, odds ratio 1.003, 95% confidence interval 0.684-1.471, P = ns). In addition, the previously reported ENPP1/PC-1 "risk haplotype" (Q (rs1044498), delT (rs1799774), and G (rs7754561) alleles) was found to be associated with obesity in male, but not in female, subjects (P = 0.035). In contrast, there was no association of either the K121Q variant or the ENPP1/PC-1 haplotype with T2D. We find evidence that variants of ENPP1/PC-1 are associated with obesity in the male Turkish population; thus, these variants may contribute to the development of the obesity in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Tanyolaç
- Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of California, San Francisco/Mt. Zion Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert W. Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Uğur Hodoglugil
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ira D. Goldfine
- Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of California, San Francisco/Mt. Zion Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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97
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Stolerman ES, Manning AK, McAteer JB, Dupuis J, Fox CS, Cupples LA, Meigs JB, Florez JC. Haplotype structure of the ENPP1 Gene and Nominal Association of the K121Q missense single nucleotide polymorphism with glycemic traits in the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes 2008; 57:1971-7. [PMID: 18426862 PMCID: PMC2453609 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent meta-analysis demonstrated a nominal association of the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K-->Q missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 121 with type 2 diabetes. We set out to confirm the association of ENPP1 K121Q with hyperglycemia, expand this association to insulin resistance traits, and determine whether the association stems from K121Q or another variant in linkage disequilibrium with it. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We characterized the haplotype structure of ENPP1 and selected 39 tag SNPs that captured 96% of common variation in the region (minor allele frequency > or =5%) with an r(2) value > or =0.80. We genotyped the SNPs in 2,511 Framingham Heart Study participants and used age- and sex-adjusted linear mixed effects (LME) models to test for association with quantitative metabolic traits. We also examined whether interaction between K121Q and BMI affected glycemic trait levels. RESULTS The Q allele of K121Q (rs1044498) was associated with increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), A1C, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR; all P = 0.01-0.006). Two noncoding SNPs (rs7775386 and rs7773477) demonstrated similar associations, but LME models indicated that their effects were not independent from K121Q. We found no association of K121Q with obesity, but interaction models suggested that the effect of the Q allele on FPG and HOMA-IR was stronger in those with a higher BMI (P = 0.008 and 0.01 for interaction, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The Q allele of ENPP1 K121Q is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in whites. We found an adiposity-SNP interaction, with a stronger association of K121Q with diabetes-related quantitative traits in people with a higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot S. Stolerman
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alisa K. Manning
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jarred B. McAteer
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James B. Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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