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Communi D, Horckmans M, Boeynaems JM. P2Y 4, P2Y 6 and P2Y 11 receptors: From the early days of cloning to their function. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114347. [PMID: 33232731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of P2Y nucleotide receptors is composed of eight members differentiated by their pharmacology and their coupling to specific G-proteins and transduction mechanisms. The laboratory studying these nucleotide receptors at IRIBHM institute (Free University of Brussels) has participated actively in their cloning. We used classical cloning by homology strategies relying on polymerase chain reactions with degenerate primers or on DNA libraries screening with P2Y receptors-related primers or probes, respectively. We identified and characterised four of the eight human P2Y receptors cloned so far: P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11 and P2Y13 receptors. These human receptors displayed specific features in terms of pharmacology such as affinity for pyrimidine nucleotides for P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors and differential G-protein coupling. Their specific and restricted tissue distribution compared to ubiquitous P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors led us to study their physiological role in chosen cell systems or using mice deficient for these P2Y subtypes. These studies revealed over the years that the P2Y11 receptor was able to confer tolerogenic and tumorigenic properties to human dendritic cells and that P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors were involved in mouse heart post-natal development and cardioprotection. P2Y receptors and their identified target genes could constitute therapeutic targets to regulate cardiac hypertrophy and regeneration. The multiple roles of P2Y receptors identified in the ischemic heart and cardiac adipose tissue could have multiple innovative clinical applications and present a major interest in the field of cardiovascular diseases. P2Y receptors can induce cardioprotection by the regulation of cardiac inflammation and the modulation of the volume and composition of cardiac adipose tissue. These findings might lead to the pre-clinical validation of P2Y receptors as new targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Communi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Horckmans
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Harris SE, Matthews KS, Palaiologou E, Tashev SA, Lofthouse EM, Pearson-Farr J, Goggin P, Chatelet DS, Johnston DA, Jongen MS, Page AM, Cleal JK, Lewis RM. Pericytes on placental capillaries in terminal villi preferentially cover endothelial junctions in regions furthest away from the trophoblast. Placenta 2020; 104:1-7. [PMID: 33190063 PMCID: PMC7921774 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pericytes are a common feature in the placental microvasculature but their roles are not well understood. Pericytes may provide physical or endocrine support for endothelium and in some tissues mediate vasoconstriction. Methods This study uses serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) to generate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of placental pericytes of the terminal villi and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study pericyte endothelial cell interactions. The proportion of endothelial cell junctions covered by pericytes was determined. Results The detailed 3D models of placental pericytes show pericyte structure at a new level of detail. Placental pericytes have many fingers extending from the cell body which can span multiple capillary branches. The proportion of endothelial cell-cell junctions covered by pericytes was significantly higher than pericyte coverage of capillary endothelium as a whole (endothelium: 14%, junctions: 43%, p < 0.0001). However, the proportion of endothelial cell-cell junctions covered by pericytes in regions adjacent to trophoblast was reduced compared to regions >3 μm away from trophoblast (27% vs 62% respectively, p < 0.001). No junctional complexes were observed connecting pericytes and endothelial cells but there were regions of cell membrane with features suggestive of intercellular adhesions. Discussion These data suggest that the localisation of pericytes on the villous capillary is not random but organised in relation to both endothelial junctions and the location of adjacent trophoblast. This further suggests that pericyte coverage may favour capillary permeability in regions that are most important for exchange, but limit capillary permeability in other regions. Three-dimensional imaging highlights the structure of placental pericytes. Placental pericytes preferentially cover endothelial junctions. The proportion of covered junctions decreased in regions adjacent to trophoblasts. The localisation of placental pericytes suggests endothelial coverage is non-random. Junction coverage may alter capillary permeability in key regions of exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Harris
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Sh Matthews
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Eleni Palaiologou
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Stanimir A Tashev
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Emma M Lofthouse
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | - Patricia Goggin
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - David S Chatelet
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Maaike Sa Jongen
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Anton M Page
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jane K Cleal
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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53
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Rajan AM, Ma RC, Kocha KM, Zhang DJ, Huang P. Dual function of perivascular fibroblasts in vascular stabilization in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008800. [PMID: 33104690 PMCID: PMC7644104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are vital to sustain life in all vertebrates. While it is known that mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells) regulate vascular integrity, the contribution of other cell types to vascular stabilization has been largely unexplored. Using zebrafish, we identified sclerotome-derived perivascular fibroblasts as a novel population of blood vessel associated cells. In contrast to pericytes, perivascular fibroblasts emerge early during development, express the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes col1a2 and col5a1, and display distinct morphology and distribution. Time-lapse imaging reveals that perivascular fibroblasts serve as pericyte precursors. Genetic ablation of perivascular fibroblasts markedly reduces collagen deposition around endothelial cells, resulting in dysmorphic blood vessels with variable diameters. Strikingly, col5a1 mutants show spontaneous hemorrhage, and the penetrance of the phenotype is strongly enhanced by the additional loss of col1a2. Together, our work reveals dual roles of perivascular fibroblasts in vascular stabilization where they establish the ECM around nascent vessels and function as pericyte progenitors. Blood vessels are essential to sustain life in humans. Defects in blood vessels can lead to serious diseases, such as hemorrhage, tissue ischemia, and stroke. However, how blood vessel stability is maintained by surrounding support cells is still poorly understood. Using the zebrafish model, we identify a new population of blood vessel associated cells termed perivascular fibroblasts, which originate from the sclerotome, an embryonic structure that is previously known to generate the skeleton of the animal. Perivascular fibroblasts are distinct from pericytes, a known population of blood vessel support cells. They become associated with blood vessels much earlier than pericytes and express several collagen genes, encoding main components of the extracellular matrix. Loss of perivascular fibroblasts or mutations in collagen genes result in fragile blood vessels prone to damage. Using cell tracing in live animals, we find that a subset of perivascular fibroblasts can differentiate into pericytes. Together, our work shows that perivascular fibroblasts play two important roles in maintaining blood vessel integrity. Perivascular fibroblasts secrete collagens to stabilize newly formed blood vessels and a sub-population of these cells also functions as precursors to generate pericytes to provide additional vascular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheen M. Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger C. Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katrinka M. Kocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan J. Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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54
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Pretorius D, Kahn-Krell AM, LaBarge WC, Lou X, Kannappan R, Pollard AE, Fast VG, Berry JL, Eberhardt AW, Zhang J. Fabrication and characterization of a thick, viable bi-layered stem cell-derived surrogate for future myocardial tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33053512 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue surrogates show promise for restoring mechanical and electrical function in infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium. For these cardiac surrogates to be useful in vivo, they are required to support synchronous and forceful contraction over the infarcted region. These design requirements necessitate a thickness sufficient to produce a useful contractile force, an area large enough to cover an infarcted region, and prevascularization to overcome diffusion limitations. Attempts to meet these requirements have been hampered by diffusion limits of oxygen and nutrients (100-200 μm) leading to necrotic regions.This study demonstrates a novel layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method used to produce tissue surrogates that meet these requirements and mimic normal myocardium in form and function. Thick (1.5-2 mm) LbL cardiac tissues created from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were assessed, in vitro, over a four week period for viability (< 5.6 ± 1.4 % nectrotic cells), cell morphology, viscoelastic properties and functionality. Viscoelastic properties of the cardiac surrogates were determined via stress relaxation response modeling and compared to native murine LV tissue. Viscoelastic characterization showed that the generalized Maxwell model of order 4 described the samples well (0.7 < R2 < 0.98). Functional performance assessment showed enhanced t-tubule network development, gap junction communication as well as conduction velocity (16.9 ± 2.3 cm s-1). These results demonstrate that LbL fabrication can be utilized successfully in creating complex, functional cardiac surrogates for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall Room G094, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-2182, UNITED STATES
| | - Asher M Kahn-Krell
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Wesley C LaBarge
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Xi Lou
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew E Pollard
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Joel L Berry
- School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Alan W Eberhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
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55
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Yue Z, Chen J, Lian H, Pei J, Li Y, Chen X, Song S, Xia J, Zhou B, Feng J, Zhang X, Hu S, Nie Y. PDGFR-β Signaling Regulates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Myocardial Regeneration. Cell Rep 2020; 28:966-978.e4. [PMID: 31340157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling is involved in proliferation and survival in a wide array of cell types. The role of PDGFR signaling in heart regeneration is still unknown. We find that PDGFR-β signaling decreases in myocardium with age and that conditional activation PDGFR-β in cardiomyocytes promotes heart regeneration. Employing RNA sequencing, we show that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) can be upregulated by PDGFR-β signaling in primary cardiomyocytes. Conditional knockout of Ezh2 blocks cardiomyocyte proliferation and H3K27me3 modification during neonatal heart regeneration with Ink4a/Arf upregulation, even in mice with myocyte-specific conditional activation of PDGFR-β. We also show that PDGFR-β controls EZH2 expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-Akt pathway in cardiomyocytes. Gene therapy with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) encoding activated PDGFR-β enhances adult heart regeneration and systolic function. Our data demonstrate that the PDGFR-β/EZH2 pathway is critical for promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration, providing a potential target for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiuling Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yandong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xianda Chen
- Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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56
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Kemp SS, Aguera KN, Cha B, Davis GE. Defining Endothelial Cell-Derived Factors That Promote Pericyte Recruitment and Capillary Network Assembly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2632-2648. [PMID: 32814441 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and investigate the functional role of the major endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors that control pericyte recruitment to EC tubes and pericyte-induced tube maturation during capillary network formation. Approach and Results: We identify PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-BB, PDGF-DD, ET (endothelin)-1, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, and HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), as the key individual and combined regulators of pericyte assembly around EC tubes. Using novel pericyte only assays, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, and ET-1 are the primary direct drivers of pericyte invasion. Their addition to pericytes induces invasion as if ECs were present. In contrast, TGF-β and HB-EGF have minimal ability to directly stimulate pericyte invasion. In contrast, TGF-β1 can act as an upstream pericyte primer to stimulate invasion in response to PDGFs and ET-1. HB-EGF stimulates pericyte proliferation along with PDGFs and ET-1. Using EC-pericyte cocultures, individual, or combined blockade of these EC-derived factors, or their pericyte receptors, using neutralizing antibodies or chemical inhibitors, respectively, interferes with pericyte recruitment and proliferation. As individual factors, PDGF-BB and ET-1 have the strongest impact on these events. However, when the blocking reagents are combined to interfere with each of the above factors or their receptors, more dramatic and profound blockade of pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition occurs. Under these conditions, ECs form tubes that become much wider and less elongated as if pericytes were absent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these new studies define and characterize a functional role for key EC-derived factors controlling pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition during capillary network assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Byeong Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
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57
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The Emerging Role of PPAR Beta/Delta in Tumor Angiogenesis. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3608315. [PMID: 32855630 PMCID: PMC7443046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARs are ligand-activated transcriptional factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Among them, PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma are prone to exert an antiangiogenic effect, whereas PPAR beta/delta has an opposite effect in physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis has been known as a hallmark of cancer, and our recent works also demonstrate that vascular-specific PPAR beta/delta overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. In this review, we will mainly focus on the role of PPAR beta/delta in tumor angiogenesis linked to the tumor microenvironment to further facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the crosstalk between PPAR beta/delta and its downstream key signal molecules involved in tumor angiogenesis will also be discussed, and the network of interplay between them will further be established in the review.
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58
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Zhang Y, Cedervall J, Hamidi A, Herre M, Viitaniemi K, D'Amico G, Miao Z, Unnithan RVM, Vaccaro A, van Hooren L, Georganaki M, Thulin Å, Qiao Q, Andrae J, Siegbahn A, Heldin CH, Alitalo K, Betsholtz C, Dimberg A, Olsson AK. Platelet-Specific PDGFB Ablation Impairs Tumor Vessel Integrity and Promotes Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3345-3358. [PMID: 32586981 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) plays a crucial role in recruitment of PDGF receptor β-positive pericytes to blood vessels. The endothelium is an essential source of PDGFB in this process. Platelets constitute a major reservoir of PDGFB and are continuously activated in the tumor microenvironment, exposing tumors to the plethora of growth factors contained in platelet granules. Here, we show that tumor vascular function, as well as pericyte coverage is significantly impaired in mice with conditional knockout of PDGFB in platelets. A lack of PDGFB in platelets led to enhanced hypoxia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the primary tumors, elevated levels of circulating tumor cells, and increased spontaneous metastasis to the liver or lungs in two mouse models. These findings establish a previously unknown role for platelet-derived PDGFB, whereby it promotes and maintains vascular integrity in the tumor microenvironment by contributing to the recruitment of pericytes. SIGNIFICANCE: Conditional knockout of PDGFB in platelets demonstrates its previously unknown role in the maintenance of tumor vascular integrity and host protection against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Cedervall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melanie Herre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kati Viitaniemi
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriela D'Amico
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zuoxiu Miao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragaseema Valsala Madhavan Unnithan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology, Govt. Arts College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Alessandra Vaccaro
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Thulin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,ICMC (Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre), Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Blickagången 6, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
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van Dijk CGM, Brandt MM, Poulis N, Anten J, van der Moolen M, Kramer L, Homburg EFGA, Louzao-Martinez L, Pei J, Krebber MM, van Balkom BWM, de Graaf P, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Luttge R, Cheng C. A new microfluidic model that allows monitoring of complex vascular structures and cell interactions in a 3D biological matrix. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1827-1844. [PMID: 32330215 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip designs are used to mimic human tissues, including the vasculature. Here we present a novel microfluidic device that allows the interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with pericytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in full bio-matrix encased 3D vessel structures (neovessels) that can be subjected to continuous, unidirectional flow and perfusion with circulating immune cells. We designed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device with a reservoir for a 3D fibrinogen gel with pericytes. Open channels were created for ECs to form a monolayer. Controlled, continuous, and unidirectional flow was introduced via a pump system while the design facilitated 3D confocal imaging. In this vessel-on-a-chip system, ECs interact with pericytes to create a human cell derived blood vessel which maintains a perfusable lumen for up to 7 days. Dextran diffusion verified endothelial barrier function while demonstrating the beneficial role of supporting pericytes. Increased permeability after thrombin stimulation showed the capacity of the neovessels to show natural vascular response. Perfusion of neovessels with circulating THP-1 cells demonstrated this system as a valuable platform for assessing interaction between the endothelium and immune cells in response to TNFα. In conclusion: we created a novel vascular microfluidic device that facilitates the fabrication of an array of parallel soft-channel structures in ECM gel that develop into biologically functional neovessels without hard-scaffold support. This model provides a unique tool to conduct live in vitro imaging of the human vasculature during perfusion with circulating cells to mimic (disease) environments in a highly systematic but freely configurable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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60
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Saranza G, Grütz K, Klein C, Westenberger A, Lang AE. Primary brain calcification due to a homozygous MYORG mutation causing isolated paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Brain 2020; 143:e36. [PMID: 32303062 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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61
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Nicolas G, Grangeon L, Wallon D. Reply: Primary brain calcification due to a homozygous MYORG mutation causing isolated paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Brain 2020; 143:e37. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Lou Grangeon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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62
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Hong JM, Hu YD, Chai XQ, Tang CL. Role of activin receptor-like kinase 1 in vascular development and cerebrovascular diseases. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1807-1813. [PMID: 32246621 PMCID: PMC7513971 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor superfamily. ALK1 is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells, and its dynamic changes are closely related to the proliferation of endothelial cells, the recruitment of pericytes to blood vessels, and functional differentiation during embryonic vascular development. The pathophysiology of many cerebrovascular diseases is today understood as a disorder of endothelial cell function and an imbalance in the proportion of vascular cells. Indeed, mutations in ALK1 and its co-receptor endoglin are major genetic risk factors for vascular arteriovenous malformation. Many studies have shown that ALK1 is closely related to the development of cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and cerebral atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe the various roles of ALK1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and in the maintenance of cerebral vascular homeostasis, and we discuss its relationship to functional dysregulation in cerebrovascular diseases. This review should provide new perspectives for basic research on cerebrovascular diseases and offer more effective targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mou Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Da Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao-Liang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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63
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Russo V, Roperto F, De Biase D, Cerino P, Urraro C, Munday JS, Roperto S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Associated with Papillomatosis of the Amniotic Membrane in Water Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040262. [PMID: 32260380 PMCID: PMC7238040 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple papillomatous nodules were observed scattered over the amniotic membrane in six water buffaloes that had recently aborted. Grossly, some of the nodules had multiple villous projections while others appeared as single prominent conical or cylindrical horns. Histology revealed folded hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epithelium supported by a narrow fibro-vascular stalk. Using PCR, sequences of the bovine Deltapapillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) E5 gene were amplified from the amniotic papillomas. Furthermore, expression of the E5 gene was detected using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Western blotting revealed BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein as well as L1 protein, suggesting both abortive and productive infection. Additionally, a functional complex composed of BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein and the phosphorylated PDGFβR was detected, which is consistent with the activation of PDGFβR by the interaction with BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein. These results demonstrate that BPV-2 can infect the amnion of water buffaloes and suggest that this infection may cause proliferation of the epithelial cells of the amnion. While the precise pathogenesis in uncertain, it is possible that BPV-2 infection of stratified squamous epithelial cells within squamous metaplasia foci and/or amniotic plaques could lead to papilloma formation. Papillomavirus-associated amniotic papillomas have not previously been reported in any species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Davide De Biase
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
| | - Chiara Urraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - John S. Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536363
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64
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Pasquier J, Ghiabi P, Chouchane L, Razzouk K, Rafii S, Rafii A. Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32014047 PMCID: PMC6998193 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The significance of endothelial cells (ECs) in this scenario was initially attributed to their role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis that is critical for tumor initiation and growth. Nevertheless, the identification of endothelial-derived angiocrine factors illustrated an alternative non-angiogenic function of ECs contributing to both physiological and pathological tissue development. Gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated distinctive expression patterns in tumor-associated endothelial cells that imply a bilateral crosstalk between tumor and its endothelium. Recently, some of the molecular determinants of this reciprocal interaction have been identified which are considered as potential targets for developing novel anti-angiocrine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France.
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pegah Ghiabi
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kais Razzouk
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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65
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Kang ML, Kim HS, You J, Choi YS, Kwon BJ, Park CH, Baek W, Kim MS, Lee YJ, Im GI, Yoon JK, Lee JB, Sung HJ. Hydrogel cross-linking-programmed release of nitric oxide regulates source-dependent angiogenic behaviors of human mesenchymal stem cell. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5413. [PMID: 32133403 PMCID: PMC7043909 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is stimulated by nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells (ECs). Although proangiogenic actions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been extensively studied, the mechanistic role of NO in this action remains obscure. Here, we used a gelatin hydrogel that releases NO upon crosslinking by a transglutaminase reaction ("NO gel"). Then, the source-specific behaviors of bone marrow versus adipose tissue-derived hMSCs (BMSCs versus ADSCs) were monitored in the NO gels. NO inhibition resulted in significant decreases in their angiogenic activities. The NO gel induced pericyte-like characteristics in BMSCs in contrast to EC differentiation in ADSCs, as evidenced by tube stabilization versus tube formation, 3D colocalization versus 2D coformation with EC tube networks, pericyte-like wound healing versus EC-like vasculogenesis in gel plugs, and pericyte versus EC marker production. These results provide previously unidentified insights into the effects of NO in regulating hMSC source-specific angiogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- TMD LAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin You
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ju Kwon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Metareceptome Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyeol Baek
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sup Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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66
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Gianni-Barrera R, Di Maggio N, Melly L, Burger MG, Mujagic E, Gürke L, Schaefer DJ, Banfi A. Therapeutic vascularization in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:433-444. [PMID: 31922362 PMCID: PMC7103618 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis, that is, the generation of new vessels by delivery of specific factors, is required both for rapid vascularization of tissue‐engineered constructs and to treat ischemic conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis. However, uncontrolled expression can lead to aberrant vascular growth and vascular tumors (angiomas). Major challenges to fully exploit VEGF potency for therapy include the need to precisely control in vivo distribution of growth factor dose and duration of expression. In fact, the therapeutic window of VEGF delivery depends on its amount in the microenvironment around each producing cell rather than on the total dose, since VEGF remains tightly bound to extracellular matrix (ECM). On the other hand, short‐term expression of less than about 4 weeks leads to unstable vessels, which promptly regress following cessation of the angiogenic stimulus. Here, we will briefly overview some key aspects of the biology of VEGF and angiogenesis and discuss their therapeutic implications with a particular focus on approaches using gene therapy, genetically modified progenitors, and ECM engineering with recombinant factors. Lastly, we will present recent insights into the mechanisms that regulate vessel stabilization and the switch between normal and aberrant vascular growth after VEGF delivery, to identify novel molecular targets that may improve both safety and efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gianni-Barrera
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiac, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Maximilian G Burger
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edin Mujagic
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gürke
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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67
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Courtney JM, Sutherland BA. Harnessing the stem cell properties of pericytes to repair the brain. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1021-1022. [PMID: 31823873 PMCID: PMC7034260 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Maree Courtney
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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68
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Acute and chronic stage adaptations of vascular architecture and cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of TBI. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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69
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Kim AD, Lake BB, Chen S, Wu Y, Guo J, Parvez RK, Tran T, Thornton ME, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, Zhang K, McMahon AP. Cellular Recruitment by Podocyte-Derived Pro-migratory Factors in Assembly of the Human Renal Filter. iScience 2019; 20:402-414. [PMID: 31622881 PMCID: PMC6817668 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of kidney disease-causing genes and pathology resulting from systemic diseases highlight the importance of the kidney's filtering system, the renal corpuscles. To elucidate the developmental processes that establish the renal corpuscle, we performed single-nucleus droplet-based sequencing of the human fetal kidney. This enabled the identification of nephron, interstitial, and vascular cell types that together generate the renal corpuscles. Trajectory analysis identified transient developmental gene expression, predicting precursors or mature podocytes express FBLN2, BMP4, or NTN4, in conjunction with recruitment, differentiation, and modeling of vascular and mesangial cell types into a functional filter. In vitro studies provide evidence that these factors exhibit angiogenic or mesangial recruiting and inductive properties consistent with a key organizing role for podocyte precursors in kidney development. Together these studies define a spatiotemporal developmental program for the primary filtration unit of the human kidney and provide novel insights into cell interactions regulating co-assembly of constituent cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Blue B Lake
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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70
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Ivey MJ, Kuwabara JT, Riggsbee KL, Tallquist MD. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α is essential for cardiac fibroblast survival. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H330-H344. [PMID: 31125253 PMCID: PMC6732481 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), a receptor tyrosine kinase required for cardiac fibroblast development, is uniquely expressed by fibroblasts in the adult heart. Despite the consensus that PDGFRα is expressed in adult cardiac fibroblasts, we know little about its function when these cells are at rest. Here, we demonstrate that loss of PDGFRα in cardiac fibroblasts resulted in a rapid reduction of resident fibroblasts. Furthermore, we observe that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling was required for PDGFRα-dependent fibroblast maintenance. Interestingly, this reduced number of fibroblasts was maintained long-term, suggesting that there is no homeostatic mechanism to monitor fibroblast numbers and restore hearts to wild-type levels. Although we did not observe any systolic functional changes in hearts with depleted fibroblasts, the basement membrane and microvasculature of these hearts were perturbed. Through in vitro analyses, we showed that PDGFRα signaling inhibition resulted in an increase in fibroblast cell death, and PDGFRα stimulation led to increased levels of the cell survival factor activating transcription factor 3. Our data reveal a unique role for PDGFRα signaling in fibroblast maintenance and illustrate that a 50% loss in cardiac fibroblasts does not result in lethality.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is required in developing cardiac fibroblasts, but a functional role in adult, quiescent fibroblasts has not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that PDGFRα signaling is essential for cardiac fibroblast maintenance and that there are no homeostatic mechanisms to regulate fibroblast numbers in the heart. PDGFR signaling is generally considered mitogenic in fibroblasts, but these data suggest that this receptor may direct different cellular processes depending on the cell's maturation and activation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina J Ivey
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jill T Kuwabara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kara L Riggsbee
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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71
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Bhowmick S, D'Mello V, Caruso D, Wallerstein A, Abdul-Muneer P. Impairment of pericyte-endothelium crosstalk leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:260-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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72
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Lin Y, Huang S, Zou R, Gao X, Ruan J, Weir MD, Reynolds MA, Qin W, Chang X, Fu H, Xu HHK. Calcium phosphate cement scaffold with stem cell co-culture and prevascularization for dental and craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1031-1041. [PMID: 31076156 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) mimic nanostructured bone minerals and are promising for dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications. Vascularization plays a critical role in bone regeneration. This article represents the first review on cutting-edge research on prevascularization of CPC scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration. METHODS This article first presented the prevascularization of CPC scaffolds. Then the co-culture of two cell types in CPC scaffolds was discussed. Subsequently, to further enhance the prevascularization efficacy, tri-culture of three different cell types in CPC scaffolds was presented. RESULTS (1) Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) incorporation in CPC bone cement scaffold greatly enhanced cell affinity and bone prevascularization; (2) By introducing endothelial cells into the culture of osteogenic cells (co-culture of two different cell types, or bi-culture) in CPC scaffold, the bone defect area underwent much better angiogenic and osteogenic processes when compared to mono-culture; (3) Tri-culture with an additional cell type of perivascular cells (such as pericytes) resulted in a substantially enhanced prevascularization of CPC scaffolds in vitro and more new bone and blood vessels in vivo, compared to bi-culture. Furthermore, biological cell crosstalk and capillary-like structure formation made critical contributions to the bi-culture system. In addition, the pericytes in the tri-culture system substantially promoted stability and maturation of the primary vascular network. SIGNIFICANCE The novel approach of CPC scaffolds with stem cell bi-culture and tri-culture is of great significance in the regeneration of dental, craniofacial and orthopedic defects in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology & Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology & Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology & Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Haijun Fu
- Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology & Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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73
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Colliva A, Braga L, Giacca M, Zacchigna S. Endothelial cell-cardiomyocyte crosstalk in heart development and disease. J Physiol 2019; 598:2923-2939. [PMID: 30816576 PMCID: PMC7496632 DOI: 10.1113/jp276758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes has emerged as a requisite for normal cardiac development, but also a key pathogenic player during the onset and progression of cardiac disease. Endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes are in close proximity and communicate through the secretion of paracrine signals, as well as through direct cell-to-cell contact. Here, we provide an overview of the endothelial cell-cardiomyocyte interactions controlling heart development and the main processes affecting the heart in normal and pathological conditions, including ischaemia, remodelling and metabolic dysfunction. We also discuss the possible role of these interactions in cardiac regeneration and encourage the further improvement of in vitro models able to reproduce the complex environment of the cardiac tissue, in order to better define the mechanisms by which endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes interact with a final aim of developing novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Biotechnology Development Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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74
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Pawlikowski B, Wragge J, Siegenthaler JA. Retinoic acid signaling in vascular development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23287. [PMID: 30801891 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the vasculature is an essential developmental process, delivering oxygen and nutrients to support cellular processes needed for tissue growth and maturation. Retinoic acid (RA) and its downstream signaling pathway is vital for normal pre- and post-natal development, playing key roles in the specification and formation of many organs and tissues. Here, we review the role of RA in blood and lymph vascular development, beginning with embryonic yolk sac vasculogenesis and remodeling and discussing RA's organ-specific roles in angiogenesis and vessel maturation. In particular, we highlight the multi-faceted role of RA signaling in CNS vascular development and acquisition of blood-brain barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Pawlikowski
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jacob Wragge
- Department of Pediatrics-Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Siegenthaler
- Department of Pediatrics-Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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75
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Roperto S, Russo V, De Falco F, Taulescu M, Roperto F. Congenital papillomavirus infection in cattle: Evidence for transplacental transmission. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:95-100. [PMID: 30827412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical transmission of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection was investigated on livers and kidneys of four foetuses from cows suffering from BPV-2-associated urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder. PCR analysis revealed the presence of BPV-2 E5 DNA in the livers and kidneys of two foetuses. Amplified DNA fragments, composed of 502 bp, showed a 100% homology with BPV-2 sequences (GenBank accession number: M20219.1). BPV-2 was found to be transcriptionally active. Indeed, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR showed BPV-2 E5 transcripts. Sequencing of amplified cDNA, composed of 154 bp, showed a 100% identity with BPV-2 E5 sequences (GenBank accession number: M20219.1). Western blot analysis revealed the presence of dimers of E5 oncoprotein. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase of the phosphorylated (activated) form of the platelet-derived growth factor ß receptor (PDGFßR) was also detected in the fetal tissues. PDGFßR is believed to form the most important interaction with the E5 oncoprotein, thus regulating biological activity of virus protein. The strong concordance between virus found in fetal organs with virus detected in infected mothers provides evidence that BPV-2 can spread through blood and vertical infection occurs via transplacental transmission. Finally, molecular findings of this study raise unsolved questions about the potential role of BPVs in reproductive disorders. The presence of E5 oncoprotein, as in adult organs, may also activate the constitutive receptor PDGFßR in foetal organs, which plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis and embryonic development. Therefore, abnormal phosphorylation of PDGFßR may be involved in vascular and organogenesis abnormalities other than cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marian Taulescu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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76
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Daniel E, Cleaver O. Vascularizing organogenesis: Lessons from developmental biology and implications for regenerative medicine. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:177-220. [PMID: 30797509 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires tightly coordinated and patterned growth of numerous cell types to form a fully mature and vascularized organ. Endothelial cells (ECs) that line blood vessels develop alongside the growing organ, but only recently has their role in directing epithelial and stromal growth been appreciated. Endothelial, epithelial, and stromal cells in embryonic organs actively communicate with one another throughout development to ensure that the organ forms appropriately. What signals tell blood vessel progenitors where to go? How are tissues influenced by the vasculature that pervades it? In this chapter, we review the ways in which crosstalk between ECs and epithelial or stromal cells during development leads to a fully patterned pancreas, lung, or kidney. ECs in all of these organs are necessary for proper epithelial and stromal growth, but how they direct this process is organ- and time-specific, highlighting the concept of dynamic EC heterogeneity. We end with a discussion on how understanding cell-cell crosstalk during development can be applied therapeutically through the generation of transplantable miniature organ-like tissues called "organoids." We will discuss the current state of organoid technology and highlight the major challenges in forming a properly patterned vascular network that will be critical in transforming them into a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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77
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Lee LL, Chintalgattu V. Pericytes in the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:187-210. [PMID: 30937870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction due to their pleiotropism. They are known to play key roles in vascular tone and vascular integrity as well as angiogenesis. However, their dysfunctional presence and/or absence is critical in the mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies such as myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and thrombosis. Moreover, they are targeted as a therapeutic potential due to their mesenchymal properties that could allow them to repair and regenerate a damaged heart. They are also sought after as a cell-based therapy based on their healing potential in preclinical studies of animal models of myocardial infarction. Therefore, recognizing the importance of cardiac pericytes and understanding their biology will lead to new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Lee
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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78
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Barreto RSN, Romagnolli P, Cereta AD, Coimbra-Campos LMC, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. Pericytes in the Placenta: Role in Placental Development and Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:125-151. [PMID: 30937867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is the most variable organ, in terms of structure, among the species. Besides it, all placental types have the same function: production of viable offspring, independent of pregnancy length, litter number, or invasion level. The angiogenesis is a central mechanism for placental functionality, due to proper maternal-fetal communication and exchanges. Much is known about the vasculature structure, but little is known about vasculature development and cellular interactions. Pericytes are perivascular cells that were described to control vasculature stability and permeability. Nowadays there are several new functions discovered, such as lymphocyte modulation and activation, macrophage-like phagocytic properties, tissue regenerative and repair processes, and also the ability to modulate stem cells, majorly the hematopoietic. In parallel, placental tissues are known to be a particularly immune microenvironment and a rich stem cell niche. The pericyte function plethora could be similar in the placental microenvironment and could have a central role in placental development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S N Barreto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Romagnolli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Daronco Cereta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leda M C Coimbra-Campos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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79
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Perbellini F, Watson SA, Bardi I, Terracciano CM. Heterocellularity and Cellular Cross-Talk in the Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:143. [PMID: 30443550 PMCID: PMC6221907 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular specialization and interactions with other cell types are the essence of complex multicellular life. The orchestrated function of different cell populations in the heart, in combination with a complex network of intercellular circuits of communication, is essential to maintain a healthy heart and its disruption gives rise to pathological conditions. Over the past few years, the development of new biological research tools has facilitated more accurate identification of the cardiac cell populations and their specific roles. This review aims to provide an overview on the significance and contributions of the various cellular components: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells. It also aims to describe their role in cardiac development, physiology and pathology with a particular focus on the importance of heterocellularity and cellular interaction between these different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Perbellini
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cesare M. Terracciano
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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80
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Darden J, Payne LB, Zhao H, Chappell JC. Excess vascular endothelial growth factor-A disrupts pericyte recruitment during blood vessel formation. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:167-183. [PMID: 30238211 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pericyte investment into new blood vessels is essential for vascular development such that mis-regulation within this phase of vessel formation can contribute to numerous pathologies including arteriovenous and cerebrovascular malformations. It is critical therefore to illuminate how angiogenic signaling pathways intersect to regulate pericyte migration and investment. Here, we disrupted vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling in ex vivo and in vitro models of sprouting angiogenesis, and found pericyte coverage to be compromised during VEGF-A perturbations. Pericytes had little to no expression of VEGF receptors, suggesting VEGF-A signaling defects affect endothelial cells directly but pericytes indirectly. Live imaging of ex vivo angiogenesis in mouse embryonic skin revealed limited pericyte migration during exposure to exogenous VEGF-A. During VEGF-A gain-of-function conditions, pericytes and endothelial cells displayed abnormal transcriptional changes within the platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) and Notch pathways. To further test potential crosstalk between these pathways in pericytes, we stimulated embryonic pericytes with Notch ligands Delta-like 4 (Dll4) and Jagged-1 (Jag1) and found induction of Notch pathway activity but no changes in PDGF Receptor-β (Pdgfrβ) expression. In contrast, PDGFRβ protein levels decreased with mis-regulated VEGF-A activity, observed in the effects on full-length PDGFRβ and a truncated PDGFRβ isoform generated by proteolytic cleavage or potentially by mRNA splicing. Overall, these observations support a model in which, during the initial stages of vascular development, pericyte distribution and coverage are indirectly affected by endothelial cell VEGF-A signaling and the downstream regulation of PDGF-B-PDGFRβ dynamics, without substantial involvement of pericyte Notch signaling during these early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA. .,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
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81
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Kolinko Y, Kralickova M, Tonar Z. The impact of pericytes on the brain and approaches for their morphological analysis. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 91:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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82
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Zhao H, Darden J, Chappell JC. Establishment and characterization of an embryonic pericyte cell line. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12461. [PMID: 29770525 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pericytes are specialized perivascular cells embedded within the basement membrane. These cells envelope the abluminal surface of endothelial cells and promote microvessel homeostasis. Recent discoveries of unique pericyte functions, particularly in neural tissues, underscore the need for overcoming existing challenges in establishing a functionally validated pericyte cell line. Here, we present methodologies for addressing these challenges as well as an embryonic pericyte cell line for use with in vitro and ex vivo experimental models. METHODS We isolated an enriched population of NG2:DsRed+ pericytes from E12.5 mice. This pericyte cell line was compared to MEFs with respect to gene expression, cell morphology and migration, and engagement with endothelial cells during junction stabilization and angiogenesis. RESULTS NG2+ pericytes displayed gene expression patterns, cell morphology, and 2D migration behaviors distinct from MEFs. In three different vessel formation models, pericytes from this line migrated to and incorporated into developing vessels. When co-cultured with HUVECs, these pericytes stimulated more robust VE-Cadherin junctions between HUVECs as compared to MEFs, as well as contributed to HUVEC organization into primitive vascular structures. CONCLUSIONS Our data support use of this pericyte cell line in a broad range of models to further understand pericyte functionality during normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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83
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Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disorder that affects many people worldwide. In addition to the well-established functions of astrocytes and microglia in stroke pathogenesis, pericytes also play an important role in stroke progression and recovery. As perivascular multi-potent cells and an important component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), pericytes have been shown to exert a large variety of functions, including serving as stem/progenitor cells and maintaining BBB integrity. Here in this review, we summarize the roles of pericytes in stroke pathogenesis, with a focus on their effects in cerebral blood flow, BBB integrity, angiogenesis, immune responses, scar formation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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84
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Ruhnke L, Sradnick J, Al-Mekhlafi M, Gerlach M, Gembardt F, Hohenstein B, Todorov VT, Hugo C. Progenitor Renin Lineage Cells are not involved in the regeneration of glomerular endothelial cells during experimental renal thrombotic microangiopathy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196752. [PMID: 29771991 PMCID: PMC5957372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) frequently undergo primary or secondary injury during kidney disease such as thrombotic microangiopathy or glomerulonephritis. Renin Lineage Cells (RLCs) serve as a progenitor cell niche after glomerular damage in the adult kidney. However, it is not clear whether RLCs also contribute to endothelial replenishment in the glomerulus following endothelial injury. Therefore, we investigated the role of RLCs as a potential progenitor niche for glomerular endothelial regeneration. We used an inducible tet-on triple-transgenic reporter strain mRen-rtTAm2/LC1/LacZ to pulse-label the renin-producing RLCs in adult mice. Unilateral kidney EC damage (EC model) was induced by renal artery perfusion with concanavalin/anti-concanavalin. In this model glomerular EC injury and depletion developed within 1 day while regeneration occurred after 7 days. LacZ-labelled RLCs were restricted to the juxtaglomerular compartment of the afferent arterioles at baseline conditions. In contrast, during the regenerative phase of the EC model (day 7) a subset of LacZ-tagged RLCs migrated to the glomerular tuft. Intraglomerular RLCs did not express renin anymore and did not stain for glomerular endothelial or podocyte cell markers, but for the mesangial cell markers α8-integrin and PDGFRβ. Accordingly, we found pronounced mesangial cell damage parallel to the endothelial injury induced by the EC model. These results demonstrated that in our EC model RLCs are not involved in endothelial regeneration. Rather, recruitment of RLCs seems to be specific for the repair of the concomitantly damaged mesangium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Ruhnke
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moath Al-Mekhlafi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Gembardt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T. Todorov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (VTT)
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (VTT)
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85
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Yang S, Jin H, Zhu Y, Wan Y, Opoku EN, Zhu L, Hu B. Diverse Functions and Mechanisms of Pericytes in Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:892-905. [PMID: 28088914 PMCID: PMC5652032 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170112170226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Every year, strokes take millions of lives and leave millions of individuals living with permanent disabilities. Recently more researchers embrace the concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which encompasses neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, astrocyte, microglia, and the extracellular matrix. It has been well-documented that NVU emerged as a new paradigm for the exploration of mechanisms and therapies in ischemic stroke. To better understand the complex NVU and broaden therapeutic targets, we must probe the roles of multiple cell types in ischemic stroke. The aims of this paper are to introduce the biological characteristics of brain pericytes and the available evidence on the diverse functions and mechanisms involving the pericytes in the context of ischemic stroke. Methods: Research and online content related to the biological characteristics and pathophysiological roles of pericytes is review. The new research direction on the Pericytes in ischemic stroke, and the potential therapeutic targets are provided. Results: During the different stages of ischemic stroke, pericytes play different roles: 1) On the hyperacute phase of stroke, pericytes constriction and death may be a cause of the no-reflow phenomenon in brain capillaries; 2) During the acute phase, pericytes detach from microvessels and participate in inflammatory-immunological response, resulting in the BBB damage and brain edema. Pericytes also provide benefit for neuroprotection by protecting endothelium, stabilizing BBB and releasing neurotrophins; 3) Similarly, during the later recovery phase of stroke, pericytes also contribute to angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and thereby promote neurological recovery. Conclusion: This emphasis on the NVU concept has shifted the focus of ischemic stroke research from neuro-centric views to the complex interactions within NVU. With this new perspective, pericytes that are centrally positioned in the NVU have been widely studied in ischemic stroke. More work is needed to elucidate the beneficial and detrimental roles of brain pericytes in ischemic stroke that may serve as a basis for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Elvis Nana Opoku
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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86
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Zhu W, Chen W, Zou D, Wang L, Bao C, Zhan L, Saw D, Wang S, Winkler E, Li Z, Zhang M, Shen F, Shaligram S, Lawton M, Su H. Thalidomide Reduces Hemorrhage of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in a Mouse Model. Stroke 2018; 49:1232-1240. [PMID: 29593101 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. Current treatments for bAVM are all associated with considerable risks. There is no safe method to prevent bAVM hemorrhage. Thalidomide reduces nose bleeding in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, an inherited disorder characterized by vascular malformations. In this study, we tested whether thalidomide and its less toxic analog, lenalidomide, reduce bAVM hemorrhage using a mouse model. METHODS bAVMs were induced through induction of brain focal activin-like kinase 1 (Alk1, an AVM causative gene) gene deletion and angiogenesis in adult Alk1-floxed mice. Thalidomide was injected intraperitoneally twice per week for 6 weeks, starting either 2 or 8 weeks after AVM induction. Lenalidomide was injected intraperitoneally daily starting 8 weeks after AVM induction for 6 weeks. Brain samples were collected at the end of the treatments for morphology, mRNA, and protein analyses. The influence of Alk1 downregulation on PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B) expression was also studied on cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The effect of PDGFB in mural cell recruitment in bAVM was explored by injection of a PDGFB overexpressing lentiviral vector to the mouse brain. RESULTS Thalidomide or lenalidomide treatment reduced the number of dysplastic vessels and hemorrhage and increased mural cell (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) coverage in the bAVM lesion. Thalidomide reduced the burden of CD68+ cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the bAVM lesions. PDGFB expression was reduced in ALK1-knockdown human brain microvascular endothelial cells and in mouse bAVM lesion. Thalidomide increased Pdgfb expression in bAVM lesion. Overexpression of PDGFB mimicked the effect of thalidomide. CONCLUSIONS Thalidomide and lenalidomide improve mural cell coverage of bAVM vessels and reduce bAVM hemorrhage, which is likely through upregulation of Pdgfb expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhu
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Dingquan Zou
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.).,University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (D.Z.)
| | - Liang Wang
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Chen Bao
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Lei Zhan
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Daniel Saw
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Sen Wang
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | | | - Zhengxi Li
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Fanxia Shen
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
| | | | - Hua Su
- From the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (W.Z., W.C., D.Z., L.W., C.B., L.Z., D.S., S.W., Z.L., M.Z., F.S., S.S., H.S.)
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87
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Dave JM, Mirabella T, Weatherbee SD, Greif DM. Pericyte ALK5/TIMP3 Axis Contributes to Endothelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Brain. Dev Cell 2018; 44:665-678.e6. [PMID: 29456135 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The murine embryonic blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs), and basement membrane. Although PCs are critical for inducing vascular stability, signaling pathways in PCs that regulate EC morphogenesis during BBB development remain unexplored. Herein, we find that murine embryos lacking the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk5) in brain PCs (mutants) develop gross germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). The germinal matrix (GM) is a highly vascularized structure rich in neuronal and glial precursors. We show that GM microvessels of mutants display abnormal dilation, reduced PC coverage, EC hyperproliferation, reduced basement membrane collagen, and enhanced perivascular matrix metalloproteinase activity. Furthermore, ALK5-depleted PCs downregulate tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), and TIMP3 administration to mutants improves endothelial morphogenesis and attenuates GMH-IVH. Overall, our findings reveal a key role for PC ALK5 in regulating brain endothelial morphogenesis and a substantial therapeutic potential for TIMP3 during GMH-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Teodelinda Mirabella
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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88
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Abstract
Fibrosis is part of a tissue repair response to injury, defined as increased deposition of extracellular matrix. In some instances, fibrosis is beneficial; however, in the majority of diseases fibrosis is detrimental. Virtually all chronic progressive diseases are associated with fibrosis, representing a huge number of patients worldwide. Fibrosis occurs in all organs and tissues, becomes irreversible with time and further drives loss of tissue function. Various cells types initiate and perpetuate pathological fibrosis by paracrine activation of the principal cellular executors of fibrosis, i.e. stromal mesenchymal cells like fibroblasts, pericytes and myofibroblasts. Multiple pathways are involved in fibrosis, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-signaling being one of the central mediators. Stromal mesenchymal cells express both PDGF receptors (PDGFR) α and β, activation of which drives proliferation, migration and production of extracellular matrix, i.e. the principal processes of fibrosis. Here, we review the role of PDGF signaling in organ fibrosis, with particular focus on the more recently described ligands PDGF-C and -D. We discuss the potential challenges, opportunities and open questions in using PDGF as a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany; Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany.
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89
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Thomson BR, Souma T, Tompson SW, Onay T, Kizhatil K, Siggs OM, Feng L, Whisenhunt KN, Yanovitch TL, Kalaydjieva L, Azmanov DN, Finzi S, Tanna CE, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Bradfield YS, Souzeau E, Javadiyan S, Wiggs JL, Pasutto F, Liu X, John SW, Craig JE, Jin J, Young TL, Quaggin SE. Angiopoietin-1 is required for Schlemm's canal development in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4421-4436. [PMID: 29106382 DOI: 10.1172/jci95545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide and is caused by developmental defects in 2 aqueous humor outflow structures, Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork. We previously identified loss-of-function mutations in the angiopoietin (ANGPT) receptor TEK in families with PCG and showed that ANGPT/TEK signaling is essential for SC development. Here, we describe roles for the major ANGPT ligands in the development of the aqueous outflow pathway. We determined that ANGPT1 is essential for SC development, and that Angpt1-knockout mice form a severely hypomorphic canal with elevated intraocular pressure. By contrast, ANGPT2 was dispensable, although mice deficient in both Angpt1 and Angpt2 completely lacked SC, indicating that ANGPT2 compensates for the loss of ANGPT1. In addition, we identified 3 human subjects with rare ANGPT1 variants within an international cohort of 284 PCG patients. Loss of function in 2 of the 3 patient alleles was observed by functional analysis of ANGPT1 variants in a combined in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach, supporting a causative role for ANGPT1 in disease. By linking ANGPT1 with PCG, these results highlight the importance of ANGPT/TEK signaling in glaucoma pathogenesis and identify a candidate target for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristina N Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tammy L Yanovitch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dimitar N Azmanov
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone Finzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine E Tanna
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yasmin S Bradfield
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Wm John
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jing Jin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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90
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New Data from Pdfgb ret/ret Mutant Mice Might Lead to a Paradoxical Association Between Brain Calcification, Pericytes Recruitment and BBB Integrity. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:419-421. [PMID: 29098547 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Data of mice with PDGF-B-truncating mutation (Pdgfb ret/ret) from different research groups indicate that the malfunction of this protein leads to reduced pericyte recruitment, loss of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) integrity and bilateral brain calcification. This makes these mice important models for Primary Brain Calcification and pericyte-BBB correlation studies. The global brain pericyte count is reduced in Pdgfb ret/ret mice, with higher BBB permeability. We have overlapped the data from other research groups into a figure to further analyze the findings. Calcifications form within midbrain, interbrain, basal forebrain, and pons. Interestingly, these calcification-prone regions have a comparably higher pericyte count and lower BBB leakage in relation to other non-calcifying regions of the Pdgfb ret/ret mouse (such as the cortex and striatum). A comparatively higher BBB integrity in regions prone to calcification seems paradoxical and indicates that other region-specific changes are the cause of the calcifications.
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91
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Platelet-derived growth factor-C and -D in the cardiovascular system and diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 62:12-21. [PMID: 28965749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is among the first organs formed during development and is pivotal for the formation and function of the rest of the organs and tissues. Therefore, the function and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system are finely regulated by many important molecules. Extensive studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors are critical regulators of the cardiovascular system. Even though PDGF-C and PDGF-D are relatively new members of the PDGF family, their critical roles in the cardiovascular system as angiogenic and survival factors have been amply demonstrated. Understanding the functions of PDGF-C and PDGF-D and the signaling pathways involved may provide novel insights into both basic biomedical research and new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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92
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Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers a Growth-Promoting Activity of Orosomucoid-1 on Hepatocytes. EBioMedicine 2017; 24:257-266. [PMID: 28927749 PMCID: PMC5652006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute phase protein orosomucoid-1 (Orm1) is mainly expressed by hepatocytes (HPCs) under stress conditions. However, its specific function is not fully understood. Here, we report a role of Orm1 as an executer of HPC proliferation. Increases in serum levels of Orm1 were observed in patients after surgical resection for liver cancer and in mice undergone partial hepatectomy (PH). Transcriptome study showed that Orm1 became the most abundant in HPCs isolated from regenerating mouse liver tissues after PH. Both in vitro and in vivo siRNA-induced knockdown of Orm1 suppressed proliferation of mouse regenerating HPCs and human hepatic cells. Microarray analysis in regenerating mouse livers revealed that the signaling pathways controlling chromatin replication, especially the minichromosome maintenance protein complex genes were uniformly down-regulated following Orm1 knockdown. These data suggest that Orm1 is induced in response to hepatic injury and executes liver regeneration by activating cell cycle progression in HPCs. Serum Orm1 levels increased approximately 1.3- to 2.5-folds in both humans and mice after partial hepatectomy. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Orm1 mostly induced in hepatocytes as a regulator of mouse liver regeneration. Orm1 knockdown in mice impaired liver regeneration with poor hepatocyte growth and suppressed cell cycle signaling.
Orosomucoid-1 (Orm1) is an acute phase protein mainly expressed by hepatocytes under stress conditions. Beginning from the finding that Orm1 was induced after partial hepatectomy in humans and mice, we showed enrichment of Orm1 in regenerating hepatocytes of hepatectomized mice by transcriptome analysis and following culture and animal experiments. Knockdown of Orm1 in mice resulted in decreases in hepatocyte growth accompanying suppressed signaling in controlling chromatin replication. Therefore, Orm1 would be a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for liver diseases, especially after surgical resection of cancer-bearing liver, through its newly found ability to stimulate the cell cycle in regenerating hepatocytes.
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93
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Bartlett CS, Scott RP, Carota IA, Wnuk ML, Kanwar YS, Miner JH, Quaggin SE. Glomerular mesangial cell recruitment and function require the co-receptor neuropilin-1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1232-F1242. [PMID: 28835419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria has been reported in cancer patients receiving agents that target the transmembrane receptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) suggesting potential adverse effects on glomerular function. Here we show that Nrp1 is highly expressed by mesangial cells and that genetic deletion of the Nrp1 gene from PDGF receptor-β+ mesangial cells results in proteinuric disease and glomerulosclerosis, leading to renal failure and death within 6 wk of age in mice. The major defect is a failure of mesangial cell migration that is required to establish the mature glomerular tuft. In vitro data show that the potent chemotactic effect of PDGFB is lost in Nrp1-deficient mesangial cells. Biochemical analyses reveal that Nrp1 is required for PDGFB-dependent phosphorylation of p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas), a large-scaffold molecule that is involved in motility of other cell types. In stark contrast, matrix adhesion and activation of ERK and Akt, which mediate proliferation of mesangial cells in response to PDGFB, are unaffected by the absence of Nrp1. Taken together, these results identify a critical cell-autonomous role for Nrp1 in the migratory behavior of mesangial cells and may help explain the renal effects that occur in patients receiving Nrp1-inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Bartlett
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rizaldy P Scott
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Isabel Anna Carota
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monika L Wnuk
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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94
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Teichert M, Milde L, Holm A, Stanicek L, Gengenbacher N, Savant S, Ruckdeschel T, Hasanov Z, Srivastava K, Hu J, Hertel S, Bartol A, Schlereth K, Augustin HG. Pericyte-expressed Tie2 controls angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16106. [PMID: 28719590 PMCID: PMC5520106 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tie receptors with their Angiopoietin ligands act as regulators of angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Tie2 exerts its functions through its supposed endothelial-specific expression. Yet, Tie2 is also expressed at lower levels by pericytes and it has not been unravelled through which mechanisms pericyte Angiopoietin/Tie signalling affects angiogenesis. Here we show that human and murine pericytes express functional Tie2 receptor. Silencing of Tie2 in pericytes results in a pro-migratory phenotype. Pericyte Tie2 controls sprouting angiogenesis in in vitro sprouting and in vivo spheroid assays. Tie2 downstream signalling in pericytes involves Calpain, Akt and FOXO3A. Ng2-Cre-driven deletion of pericyte-expressed Tie2 in mice transiently delays postnatal retinal angiogenesis. Yet, Tie2 deletion in pericytes results in a pronounced pro-angiogenic effect leading to enhanced tumour growth. Together, the data expand and revise the current concepts on vascular Angiopoietin/Tie signalling and propose a bidirectional, reciprocal EC-pericyte model of Tie2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Teichert
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Milde
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annegret Holm
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Stanicek
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soniya Savant
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tina Ruckdeschel
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zulfiyya Hasanov
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Hertel
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne Bartol
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Schlereth
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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95
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Bischoff FC, Werner A, John D, Boeckel JN, Melissari MT, Grote P, Glaser SF, Demolli S, Uchida S, Michalik KM, Meder B, Katus HA, Haas J, Chen W, Pullamsetti SS, Seeger W, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Zehendner CM. Identification and Functional Characterization of Hypoxia-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulating lncRNA (HypERlnc) in Pericytes. Circ Res 2017; 121:368-375. [PMID: 28611075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pericytes are essential for vessel maturation and endothelial barrier function. Long noncoding RNAs regulate many cellular functions, but their role in pericyte biology remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigate the effect of hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress regulating long noncoding RNAs (HypERlnc, also known as ENSG00000262454) on pericyte function in vitro and its regulation in human heart failure and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA sequencing in human primary pericytes identified hypoxia-regulated long noncoding RNAs, including HypERlnc. Silencing of HypERlnc decreased cell viability and proliferation and resulted in pericyte dedifferentiation, which went along with increased endothelial permeability in cocultures consisting of human primary pericyte and human coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Consistently, Cas9-based transcriptional activation of HypERlnc was associated with increased expression of pericyte marker genes. Moreover, HypERlnc knockdown reduced endothelial-pericyte recruitment in Matrigel assays (P<0.05). Mechanistically, transcription factor reporter arrays demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors were prominently activated by HypERlnc knockdown, which was confirmed via immunoblotting for the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers IRE1α (P<0.001), ATF6 (P<0.01), and soluble BiP (P<0.001). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gene ontology pathway analyses of RNA sequencing experiments after HypERlnc knockdown indicate a role in cardiovascular disease states. Indeed, HypERlnc expression was significantly reduced in human cardiac tissue from patients with heart failure (P<0.05; n=19) compared with controls. In addition, HypERlnc expression significantly correlated with pericyte markers in human lungs derived from patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and from donor lungs (n=14). CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that HypERlnc regulates human pericyte function and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. In addition, RNA sequencing analyses in conjunction with reduced expression of HypERlnc in heart failure and correlation with pericyte markers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension indicate a role of HypERlnc in human cardiopulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian C Bischoff
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Astrid Werner
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - David John
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Maria-Theodora Melissari
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Phillip Grote
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Simone F Glaser
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Shemsi Demolli
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Katharina M Michalik
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Benjamin Meder
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Jan Haas
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Wei Chen
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.).
| | - Christoph M Zehendner
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (F.C.B., A.W., D.J., M.-T.M., P.G., S.F.G., S.D., S.U., K.M.M., S.D., C.M.Z.); ZIM III, Department of Cardiology (F.C.B., A.W., S.F.G., A.M.Z., C.M.Z.), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.-N.B., B.M., H.A.K., J.H.); DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung), Berlin, Germany (F.C.B., D.J., J.-N.B., S.D., S.U., B.M., H.A.K., J.H., W.C., A.M.Z., S.D., C.M.Z.); Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY (S.U.); Laboratory for Novel Sequencing Technology, Functional and Medical Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Germany (W.C.); Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (W.C.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Germany (S.S.P., W.S.)
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Nakagawa M, Nishizaki N, Endo A, Someya T, Saito Y, Mizutani A, Hara T, Murano Y, Sakuraya K, Hara S, Umino D, Hirano D, Fujinaga S, Ohtomo Y, Shimizu T. Impaired nephrogenesis in neonatal rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:704-710. [PMID: 28207964 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm neonates are born while nephrogenesis is ongoing, and are commonly exposed to factors in a hyperoxic environment that can impair renal development. Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is the most clinically relevant model of ROP because its biologic features closely resemble those of ROP in preterm infants. We investigated impaired renal development in a rat model of OIR. METHODS Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained in either a normoxic (room air, 21% O2 ; control group) or a controlled hyperoxic (80% O2 ; OIR group) environment from birth to postnatal day (P) 12. All pups were then raised in room air from P12 to P19. RESULTS The hyperoxic environment led to significantly higher urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and a reduction in nephrogenic zone width at P5 in OIR pups. Additionally, glomerular count was significantly reduced by 20% in the OIR group, and avascular and neovascular changes in the retina were observed only in the OIR group at P19. Messenger RNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor-β, essential angiogenic cytokines for glomerulogenesis, in the renal cortex were significantly lower at P5 and significantly higher at P19 in the OIR group compared with controls. CONCLUSION Renal impairment was caused by exposure to a hyperoxic environment during nephrogenesis, and the pathology of the impaired nephrogenesis in this OIR model reflects the characteristics of ROP observed in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishizaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amane Endo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonosuke Someya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Murano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sakuraya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umino
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Fujinaga
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtomo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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97
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Peng Y, Yan S, Chen D, Cui X, Jiao K. Pdgfrb is a direct regulatory target of TGFβ signaling in atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175791. [PMID: 28426709 PMCID: PMC5398542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushion formation is the initial step for the development of valvuloseptal structures in mammalian hearts. TGFβ signaling plays critical roles in multiple steps of cushion morphogenesis. We used a newly developed conditional immortal atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cell line, tsA58-AVM, to identify the TGFβ regulatory target genes through microarray analysis. Expression of ~1350 genes was significantly altered by TGFβ1 treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of TGFβ activated genes revealed that PDGF-BB signaling is the top hit as the potential upstream regulator. Among the 37 target molecules, 10 genes known to be involved in valve development and hemostasis were selected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Our results confirmed that they are all upregulated by TGFβ1 stimulation in tsA58-AVM cells and in primary atrioventricular cushion cells. We focused on examining regulation of Pdgfrb by TGFβ1, which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for PDGF-BB. We found that the ~150bp Pdgfrb promoter can respond to TGFβ stimulation and that this response relies on the two SP1 binding sites within the promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed SP1 interacts with SMAD2 in a TGFβ-dependent fashion. Furthermore, SMAD2 is associated with the Pdgfrb promoter and this association is diminished by knocking down expression of Sp1. Our data therefore collectively suggest that upon TGFβ stimulation, SP1 recruits SMAD2 to the promoter of Pdgfrb to up-regulate its expression and thus Pdgfrb is a direct downstream target of the TGFβ/SMAD2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Peng
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shun Yan
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kai Jiao
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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98
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Abstract
The glomerulus is a highly specialized microvascular bed that filters blood to form primary urinary filtrate. It contains four cell types: fenestrated endothelial cells, specialized vascular support cells termed podocytes, perivascular mesangial cells, and parietal epithelial cells. Glomerular cell-cell communication is critical for the development and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. VEGF, ANGPT, EGF, SEMA3A, TGF-β, and CXCL12 signal in paracrine fashions between the podocytes, endothelium, and mesangium associated with the glomerular capillary bed to maintain filtration barrier function. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of these signaling pathways in the development and maintenance of the glomerulus and the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Marie Jeansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden;
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
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99
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Warmke N, Griffin KJ, Cubbon RM. Pericytes in diabetes-associated vascular disease. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1643-1650. [PMID: 27592245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells that support and stabilise the microvasculature, and are present in all vascular beds. Pericyte-endothelial cell crosstalk is essential in both remodelling and quiescent vasculature, and this complex interaction is often disrupted in disease states. Pericyte loss is believed to be an early hallmark of diabetes-associated microvascular disease, including retinopathy and nephropathy. Here we review the current literature defining pericyte biology in the context of diabetes-associated vascular disease, with a particular focus on whether pericytes contribute actively to disease progression. We also speculate regarding the role of pericytes in the recovery from macrovascular complications, such as critical limb ischaemia. It becomes clear that dysfunctional pericytes are likely to actively induce disease progression by causing vasoconstriction and basement membrane thickening, resulting in tissue ischaemia. Moreover, their altered interactions with endothelial cells are likely to cause abnormal and inadequate neovascularisation in diverse vascular beds. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms by which pericyte function is altered by diabetes, with a view to developing therapeutic approaches that normalise vascular function and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Warmke
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, The University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Griffin
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, The University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, The University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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100
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Caporali A, Martello A, Miscianinov V, Maselli D, Vono R, Spinetti G. Contribution of pericyte paracrine regulation of the endothelium to angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 171:56-64. [PMID: 27742570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-vesicles. In diseases with an altered angiogenic response, such as cancer and diabetic vascular complications, it becomes of paramount importance to tune the cell communication process. Endothelial cell growth and migration are essential processes for new vessel formation, and pericytes, together with some classes of circulating monocytes, are important endothelial regulators. The interaction between pericytes and the endothelium is facilitated by their anatomical apposition, which involves endothelial cells and pericytes sharing the same basement membrane. However, the role of pericytes is not fully understood. The characteristics and the function of tissue-specific pericytesis are the focus of this review. Factors involved in the cross-talk between these cell types and the opportunities afforded by micro-RNA and micro-vesicle techniques are discussed. Targeting these mechanisms in pathological conditions, in which the vessel response is altered, is considered in relation to identification of new therapies for restoring the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caporali
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Martello
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Miscianinov
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Maselli
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R Vono
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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